Перемешиватель жидкостей

Полезная модель относится к устройствам для эффективного управления перемешиванием компонентов смеси и может быть применена в различных отраслях промышленности, где необходимо получить продукты с однородным распределением физических свойств. Перемешиватель жидкостей включает вращающийся контейнер цилиндрической формы и двигатель, выполненный с возможностью вращения контейнера. Контейнер выполнен с возможностью модулирования угловой скорости его вращения со временем по гармоническому закону. Угловая частота модуляции скорости ω, с-1, удовлетворяет условию ω<2Ω, где Ω - средняя угловая скорость вращения, с-1. Технический результат: упрощение устройства с обеспечением равномерного управляемого перемешивания жидкости во вращающемся контейнере за счет инерционных волн. 1 табл. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 208 677 U1 (51) МПК B01F 9/00 (2006.01) B01F 3/08 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01F 9/00 (2021.08); B01F 3/08 (2021.08); B01J 2219/00189 (2021.08); B01J 14/00 (2021.08); B01J 19/28 (2021.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020139226, 27.11.2020 27.11.2020 29.12.2021 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 27.11.2020 (45) Опубликовано: 29.12.2021 Бюл. № 1 2 0 8 6 7 7 R U (54) ПЕРЕМЕШИВАТЕЛЬ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к устройствам для эффективного управления перемешиванием компонентов смеси и может быть применена в различных отраслях промышленности, где необходимо получить продукты с однородным распределением физических свойств. Перемешиватель жидкостей включает вращающийся контейнер цилиндрической формы и двигатель, выполненный с возможностью вращения контейнера. Контейнер выполнен с Стр.: 1 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2471547 C2, 10.01.2013. SU 1046106 A1, 07.10.1983. SU 803958 A1, 15.02.1981. RU 2598454 C1, 27.09.2016. RU 2488433 C2, 27.07.2013. GB 1220215 A, 20.01.1971. EP 0005924 A1, 12.12.1979. возможностью модулирования угловой ...

Method and apparatus for preparing hydroxymethylfurfural

In an embodiment of the invention, an apparatus for preparing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is provided. The apparatus includes a reaction area including a first organic layer including sugar and a solvent and a second organic layer including a solvent mixture with azeotropy and extractability, a boiling area including a mixing solution formed by the hydroxymethylfurfural and the solvent mixture, connected with the reaction area, and a distilling area including water and a liquid layer including the solvent mixture, connected to the reaction area. In another embodiment of the invention, a method for preparing hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is provided.

DEVICE FOR PREPARING INORGANIC COMPOUND AND METHOD FOR PREPARING INORGANIC COMPOUND USING THE SAME

Disclosed is a device for continuously preparing an inorganic slurry by a hydrothermal method including a precursor liquid or slurry stream containing a precursor for preparing an inorganic substance, a supercritical liquid stream containing high-temperature and high-pressure water, and a reactor into which the precursor liquid or slurry stream and the supercritical liquid stream are injected, and from which an inorganic slurry obtained as a reaction product of hydrothermal reaction between the precursor liquid or slurry stream and the supercritical liquid stream is continuously discharged, wherein an injection direction of the precursor liquid or slurry stream forms an angle of 0 to 60 degrees with respect to a discharge direction of an inorganic slurry stream (inorganic substance stream) containing the inorganic slurry in the reactor. 1. A device for continuously preparing an inorganic slurry by a hydrothermal method (referred to as “hydrothermal synthesis device”) , the device comprising:a precursor liquid or slurry stream containing a precursor for preparing an inorganic substance;a supercritical liquid stream containing high-temperature and high-pressure water; anda reactor into which the precursor liquid or slurry stream and the supercritical liquid stream are injected, and from which an inorganic slurry obtained as a reaction product of hydrothermal reaction between the precursor liquid or slurry stream and the supercritical liquid stream is continuously discharged,wherein an injection direction of the precursor liquid or slurry stream forms an angle of 0 to 60 degrees with respect to a discharge direction of an inorganic slurry stream (inorganic substance stream) containing the inorganic slurry in the reactor.2. The hydrothermal synthesis device according to claim 1 , wherein the injection direction of the precursor liquid or slurry stream forms an angle of 0 to 45 degrees with respect to the discharge direction of the inorganic slurry stream containing the ...

HYRDROGEN GENERATOR FOR FUEL CELLS

The invention relates to a hydrogen generator for fuel cells based on silanes. A process for supplying a fuel cell with hydrogen includes the steps: intermediate storage of (poly)silanes or (poly)silane solutions; transfer of the (poly)silanes to a reaction chamber; reaction or hydrolysis of the silanes or silane solutions in the reaction chamber with an aqueous solution to liberate H2; removal of the solid and/or liquid reaction products from the reaction chamber; transfer of the H2 formed to the fuel cell. 1. A hydrogen generator for fuel cells comprising:an intermediate storage facility for solutions selected from the group consisting of fluid silanes, silane solutions and polysilane solutions;an intermediate storage facility for an aqueous solution;a reaction chamber having at least two fluid inlet pipes coming from the intermediate storage facilities; and{'sub': '2', 'a separating device for separating Hgas from conversion products.'}2. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1 , characterized in that the reaction chamber contains a device for mixing a solution selected from the group consisting of fluid silane or silane solution with the aqueous solution.3. The hydrogen generator according to claim 1 , characterized in that the intermediate storage facility has an inlet pipe for the water which is generated as conversion water in the fuel cell. This application is a divisional application of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/364,001, filed on Feb. 2, 2009 and titled “PROCESS FOR SUPPLYING A FUEL CELL WITH HYDROGEN BY MEANS OF SILANES OR POLYSILANES”, which is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/EP2007/006855 filed on Aug. 2, 2007, which claims the benefit of DE 10 2006 036 227.6, filed Aug. 3, 2006 and DE 10 2006 039 869.6, filed Aug. 25, 2006. The disclosures of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference.The invention concerns a process for supplying a fuel cell with hydrogen, wherein solutions storable in liquid or solid form, ...

LUMINOPHORES AND CORE-SHELL LUMINOPHORE PRECURSORS

A novel type of green luminophore containing mixed rare-earth phosphates is produced from precursor particles having a mean diameter ranging from 1.5 to 15 microns; such particles have an inorganic core and a shell of a mixed lanthanum and/or cerium phosphate, optionally doped with terbium, evenly covering the inorganic core with a thickness greater than or equal to 300 nm. 130.-. (canceled)31. A phosphor precursor (P) comprising particles having an average diameter ranging from 1.5 to 15 microns , the particles comprising:a mineral core based on a non-phosphor mineral material; anda shell based on a mixed phosphate of lanthanum and/or cerium, optionally doped with terbium, homogeneously covering the mineral core over a thickness greater than or equal to 300 nm.32. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 31 , wherein the shell has a thickness from 0.3 to 1 micron.33. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 31 , wherein the mineral core of the particles is based on a phosphate or a mineral oxide.34. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 33 , wherein the mineral core of the particles is based on a rare earth phosphate or a mineral oxide selected from the group consisting of the oxides of zirconium claim 33 , zinc claim 33 , titanium claim 33 , aluminium and rare-earth metals.35. The phosphor precursor as defined by wherein the mineral core of the particles is based on a yttrium claim 34 , gadolinium or cerium oxide.39. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 31 , wherein the particles have a dispersion index of less than 0.6.40. The phosphor precursor as defined by claim 31 , wherein the mineral core has a specific surface area of at most 1 m/g.41. The phosphor precursor as defined by wherein the mineral core of the particles is based on silica claim 31 , a silicate claim 31 , an aluminate claim 31 , a borate or a titanate.42. The phosphor precursor as defined by wherein the mineral core of the particles has been densified by using the technique of ...

Method and Device for the Continuous Production of Polymers by Radical Polymerization

The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of a polymer by radical polymerization, wherein at least three materials are mixed with microstructures in one or more mixers and are then polymerized in at least one reaction zone. 1. An apparatus for continuously preparing polymers , comprisinga) at least two reservoir vessels for liquid starting materials,b) one feed each for the liquid streams from the at least two reservoir vessels,c) one or more mixers connected in series, to which the liquid streams are supplied and in which they are mixed to obtain a reaction mixture, at least the last mixer in flow direction before entry into the reaction zone(s) being equipped with microstructures,d) at least one microstructured reaction zone, ande) a discharge vessel which may be equipped with one or more addition and/or mixing devices.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , comprisinga) at least three reservoir vessels for liquid starting materials,b) one feed each for the liquid streams from the at least three reservoir vessels,c) one or more mixers connected in series, to which the liquid streams are supplied and in which they are mixed to obtain a reaction mixture, at least the last mixer in flow direction before entry into the reaction zone(s) being equipped with microstructures,d) at least one reaction zone, ande) a discharge vessel which may be equipped with one or more addition and/or mixing devices.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein at least one microstructured reaction zone is used.4. The apparatus according to which comprises two reaction zones.5. The apparatus according to which comprises two reaction zones.6. The apparatus according to which has at least one further feed for a liquid stream which is arranged in the course of a reaction zone or downstream of a reaction zone.7. The apparatus according to which has at least one further feed for a liquid stream which is arranged in the course of a reaction zone or downstream of a ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING KETOMALONIC ACID COMPOUND USING FLOW REACTOR

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for continuously producing a ketomalonic acid compound such as a ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof, which is an industrially useful compound, on an industrial scale and in a safe and steady manner. The present invention relates to: a method in which a malonic acid diester, a carboxylic acid compound and a chlorous acid compound are used as raw material compounds, and these raw material compounds are mixed together to prepare a mixture and the mixture is supplied to a flow reactor continuously, thereby continuously producing a corresponding ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof; and a continuous production apparatus for performing the method. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the chlorous acid compound is supplied as an aqueous solution of a chlorous acid compound.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the malonic acid diester or a mixture of the malonic acid diester and the carboxylic acid compound is supplied in the absence of a solvent.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the flow reactor(s) are one or two or more tubular flow reactors.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the flow reactor(s) are provided with a temperature control part configured to control a temperature.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the temperature control part provided to the flow reactor(s) is a bath and a temperature of the bath is 80° C. or higher.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprising:(D) a process of further aging the reaction mixture obtained in the process of reacting the mixture in addition to the processes of said (A) to (C).8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the aging process (D) is performed in one or two or more second flow reactors.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprising:(E) a process of quenching the reaction by mixing a quench liquid in addition to the processes of said (A) to (C) or the ...

Method And Apparatus For Monitoring And Controlling Exothermic And Endothermic Chemical Reactions

A method of controlling an exothermic or endothermic chemical reaction is provided. The method involves measuring a temperature of a first reactant flowing at a first flow rate, contacting the first reactant with a second reactant flowing at a second flow rate to form a reaction product, measuring the temperature of the reaction product, and determining the temperature difference between the temperature of the first reactant and the temperature of the reaction product. The method can further involve adjusting the flow rate of at least one of the first reactant and the second reactant, or shutting down flow, based on the temperature difference. An apparatus to carry out the method is also provided. The method and apparatus can be useful in controlling many different reactions, including the reaction of sodium hypochlorite and ammonia to form monochloramine.

Device for Producing Particles and Method for Producing Particles

A method of producing particles by bringing plural dissimilar materials A and B into contact with each other includes feeding a liquid into a reactor from a first end portion of the reactor such that the liquid flows along the inner peripheral surface of the reactor and generating a vortex flow toward a second end portion in the reactor by the feed of the liquid; disposing a flow-assisting blade capable of rotating around the central axis line in the reactor and rotating the flow-assisting blade; and injecting materials to be contacted A and B into the reactor, discharging a contacted liquid from the second end portion of the reactor, and generating the particles in the contacted liquid. 1. A method of producing particles by bringing plural dissimilar materials into contact with each other , the method comprising:feeding a liquid into a reactor from a first end portion of the reactor such that the liquid flows along the inner peripheral surface of the reactor and generating a vortex flow toward a second end portion in the reactor by the feed of the liquid;disposing a flow-assisting blade capable of rotating around the central axis line in the reactor and rotating the flow-assisting blade; andinjecting materials to be contacted into the reactor, discharging a contacted liquid from the second end portion of the reactor, and generating particles in the contacted liquid.2. The method of producing particles according to claim 1 , wherein all or part of the contacted liquid discharged from the second end portion of the reactor is fed into the reactor from the first end portion of the reactor such that the liquid flows along the inner peripheral surface of the reactor.3. The method of producing particles according to claim 2 , wherein part of the contacted liquid is extracted from a circulation system that transfers the contacted liquid discharged from the second end portion of the reactor to the first end portion of the reactor claim 2 , and the particles are recovered by ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING POLYOXYMETHYLENE DIALKYL ETHERS

A reaction system and method for producing polyoxymethylene dialkyl ethers (RO(CHO)R, n=1-8) by continuous acetalation of formaldehyde and aliphatic alcohol in the presence of an acid ionic liquid catalyst. The reaction system includes an acetalation reaction unit, a product separation unit, and a catalyst regeneration unit. The recyclable material and catalyst are separated by combining extraction and rectification, and a recovery rate of more than 99% for the catalyst is achieved. Water, as the byproduct, is separated from the reaction system by destroying the azeotrope of water, alcohol, aldehyde, and RO(CHO)R, so that the product separation and catalyst regeneration are facilitated and the catalytic cycle is achieved. 1. A reaction system for continuously producing polyoxymethylene dialkyl ethers , comprising:an acetalation reaction unit, comprising a single or multi-stage reactor and a heat exchanger, wherein the reactor is in flow communication with the heat exchanger, and a reaction solution circulates between the reactor and the heat exchanger; an acetalation reaction of formaldehyde and aliphatic alcohol is continuously conducted by using an acid ionic liquid as a catalyst in the reactor;{'sub': 2', '3-8', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3', '2, 'a product separation unit, comprising an extraction column and a single or multi-stage rectification column connected to each other in series, wherein a light phase and a heavy phase are extracted from a reactor effluent discharged from the acetalation reaction unit by using an extractant in the product separation unit; the light phase is a product phase containing the recyclable materials, the extractant, and the products RO(CHO)R wherein R is CH, CHCH, CHCHCH, or CH(CH); and the heavy phase is an aqueous catalyst solution; and'}a catalyst regeneration unit, comprising a film separator, wherein the catalyst regeneration unit receives the heavy phase separated from the product separation system, and the catalyst in ...

METHOD FOR THE EPOXIDATION OF AN OLEFIN WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE

Epoxidation of an olefin is carried out by continuously reacting the olefin with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a homogeneous epoxidation catalyst in a reaction mixture comprising an aqueous liquid phase and an organic liquid phase, using a loop reactor with mixing of the liquid phases. The loop reactor comprises a measuring section in which the liquid phases are temporarily separated, at least one pH electrode is arranged in the measuring section in contact with the separated aqueous phase, a pH of the separated aqueous phase is determined with the pH electrode and the pH is maintained in a predetermined range by adding acid or base to the loop reactor. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for the epoxidation of an olefin , comprising continuously reacting the olefin with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a homogeneous epoxidation catalyst , wherein: i) a measuring section in which the liquid phases are temporarily separated into a separated aqueous phase and a separated organic phase;', 'ii) at least one pH electrode in said measuring section in contact with the separated aqueous phase;, 'a) the reaction is carried out in a reaction mixture comprising an aqueous liquid phase and an organic liquid phase using a loop reactor with mixing of the liquid phases, wherein the loop reactor comprisesb) a pH of the separated aqueous phase is determined with said pH electrode and said pH is maintained in a predetermined range by adding acid or base to the loop reactor.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the liquid phases are temporarily separated by lowering the flow rate.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the flow rate is lowered in the measuring section by enlarging the flow cross section.15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the measuring section is located in a side stream to the loop reactor.16. The method of claim 15 , wherein a valve is used for lowering the flow rate or temporarily stopping the flow in the measuring section.17. The method of claim 12 , wherein at ...

HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE INTEGRATED OLEFIN HYDRATION PROCESS

A membrane-integrated hydration reactor that is operable to produce an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water includes a solid acid olefin hydration catalyst in a production zone and a hydrophilic membrane operable to selectively permit pervaporation of water one-way and not permit pervaporation of the associated alcohol or permeation of the olefin at olefin hydration process conditions in a separations zone. The production zone is operable to form a production zone product mixture made of the associated alcohol and any unreacted water. The associated separations zone is operable to form and produce both the associated alcohol product and a pervaporated water product from the production zone product mixture. A method of olefin hydration for forming an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water uses the membrane-integrated hydration reactor at olefin hydration process conditions. 1. A membrane-integrated hydration reactor operable to produce an associated alcohol product from an olefin using water , the membrane-integrated hydration reactor comprising:a solid acid olefin hydration catalyst operable to convert the olefin into an associated alcohol using water at olefin hydration process conditions;a hydrophilic membrane having a feed side and a permeate side, operable to selectively pervaporate water one-way from the feed side to the permeate side at olefin hydration process conditions, forming a pervaporated water product, and to prevent the pervaporation of associated alcohol and permeation of the olefin at olefin hydration conditions;a production zone containing the solid acid olefin hydration catalyst, operable to both receive an olefin feed containing the olefin and a water feed containing the water such that the olefin and the water intimately intermingle in the presence of the solid acid olefin hydration catalyst contained in the production zone and to form a production zone product mixture comprising the associated alcohol and any ...

Methods and systems for ammonia production

A method for ammonia synthesis using a water-gas shift membrane reactor (WGSMR) is presented. The method includes carrying out a water-gas shift reaction in the WGSMR to form a first product stream and a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) stream, wherein the first product stream includes nitrogen (N 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ), and a molar ratio of H 2 to N 2 in the first product stream is about 3. The method further includes separating at least a portion of the residual CO 2 in the first product stream in a CO 2 separation unit to form a second product stream, and separating at least a portion of the residual CO 2 and carbon monoxide (CO) in the second product stream in a methanator unit to form a third product stream. The method further includes generating an ammonia stream from the third product stream in an ammonia synthesis unit. A system for ammonia synthesis is also presented.

Systems and Methods for the Continuous On-Site Production of Peroxycarboxcylic Acid Solutions

Methods and systems for on-site production of peroxycarboxcylic acid compositions, and in particular, nonequilibrium compositions of peracetic acid (PAA) enable the economical and safe production of PAA on-demand at the point of use. The methods and systems control flow rates and proportions of feedstocks/reactants, perform the required sequence of reaction steps to produce high yield peroxycarboxcylic acid solutions in a continuous manner, and provide optimal reaction time and reactant mixing for continuous and safe on-site production. 1. A method for the continuous production of non-equilibrium peracetic acid solutions containing biocidal concentrations of peroxycarboxylic acids , the method comprising:providing a source of hydrogen peroxide having an initial pH of less than 7.0;diluting the hydrogen peroxide with water to create a diluted solution having a concentration which is less than 10% weight/volume;adding an alkali metal hydroxide to the diluted solution to adjust the pH to a pH in a range of approximately 10.0 to approximately 13.5;reacting the diluted solution with an O-acetyl or N-acetyl donor;vigorously mixing the solution.2. The method of further including the step of controlling the stoichiometry of the peroxide component with respect to the acetyl donor to bias the reaction in favor of either producing peracetic acid or producing a solution having a specified remaining concentration of peroxide.3. The method of wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide.4. The method of wherein the alkali metal hydroxide is potassium hydroxide.5. The method of wherein the O-acetyl donor is triacetin.6. The method of wherein the step of mixing the solution includes producing a turbulent flow having high shear within the solution and having a Reynolds number of 500 or greater.7. The method of including the step of vigorously mixing the solution following the diluting step.8. The method of further including the step of vigorously mixing the solution ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING REACTION YIELD

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for increasing reaction yield. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction that include a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent. The solvent includes a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product. The system also includes a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge including the unreacted molecules and the reaction product. The system also includes a recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system. 1. A system for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction , the system comprising:a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent that comprises a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product;a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge comprising unreacted molecules and the reaction product; anda recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system.2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a voltage source operably associated with the pneumatic sprayer in order to generate a charged liquid spray discharge.3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the collector comprises an electrostatic precipitator.4. The system according to claim 3 , ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PREPARING NANO ZINC OXIDE WITH MEMBRANE REACTOR

The present invention relaters to a method for continuously preparing a nano zinc oxide with a membrane reactor. A zinc salt solution and a precipitator solution required for the preparation of a zinc oxide are respectively used as dispersion phases, and under the action of a certain pressure, the two reaction solutions respectively penetrate through a membrane tube at a certain rate and disperse quickly under the action of a shear force and react, producing a precursor precipitate. A precursor suspension penetrates through the membrane tube continuously and circularly after being pressurized by a pump, and at the same time, deionized water as a washing fluid is added to a suspension storage tank, wherein impurity ions penetrate through membrane pores and are discharged along with the liquid medium; after the concentration of the impurity ions meets requirements, the concentrated solution is discharged continuously and then spray-dried to obtain a basic zinc carbonate precursor powder. The basic zinc carbonate powder is calcined under certain conditions to obtain the nanostructured zinc oxide powder. The continuous preparation and washing of a powder can be achieved by coupling a membrane washing technique with a membrane dispersion technique. The procedure is simple, the structure of zinc oxide is easy to control and the yield is high. 1. A method for continuously preparing nano zinc oxide with membrane reactor; the specific steps are as follows: zinc salt solution and precipitator solution are put into the reactor membrane tube for dispersion via metering pump at a certain charging ratio and disperse to the reactor from membrane tube by stirring; with the temperature of reactor controlled , the dispersed droplets are uniformly mixed for nucleation and reaction in the reactor to produce suspension solution containing solid which is pumped from the reactor to the storage tank; the suspension solution containing solid inside the storage tank flows through the washing ...

Variable pressure drop up flow-pre-polymerizer (ufpp) systems and methods

Disclosed are processes and systems for manufacturing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and pre-polymer. The processes and systems use a variable pressure drop up-flow-pre-polymerizer configuration. The pressure profile in the UFPP can be selected to beneficially change the relative reaction rates of the polymerization and esterification reactions. This design maximizes the esterification carried out in the UFPP, while still producing a pre-polymer with the optimum carboxyl end groups concentration (e.g., about 30μ equiv./g to 60μ equiv./g) to maximize finisher productivity. This can result in a reduction of the size and cost of the esterifier required for a given plant throughput.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MAKING A DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF PEROXOMONOSULPHURIC ACID

A device, comprising a conduit for an aqueous stream, a mixing tube located inside the conduit, having a static mixer inside the mixing tube, an outlet open to the conduit and an inlet, a sulphuric acid supply tube connected to the inlet of the mixing tube and a hydrogen peroxide supply tube, arranged inside the sulphuric acid supply tube and having an outlet for hydrogen peroxide at the inlet of said mixing tube, and a method, where an aqueous stream is passed through the conduit of the device, 85 to 98% by weight sulphuric acid is introduced to the sulphuric acid supply tube of the device and 50 to 80% by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is introduced to the hydrogen peroxide supply tube of the device, provide a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid without a risk of exposing operating personnel to concentrated peroxomonosulphuric acid. 19-. (canceled)10. A device for making a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid , comprising:a) a conduit for an aqueous stream;b) a mixing tube located inside said conduit, having a static mixer inside the mixing tube, an outlet open to said conduit and an inlet;c) a sulphuric acid supply tube connected to the inlet of said mixing tube; andd) a hydrogen peroxide supply tube, arranged inside the sulphuric acid supply tube and having an outlet for hydrogen peroxide at the inlet of said mixing tube.11. The device of claim 10 , wherein said mixing tube and said sulphuric acid supply tube are arranged coaxially inside said conduit.12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the outlet of said mixing tube is in the flow direction of said aqueous stream.13. The device of claim 10 , further comprising a sulphuric acid feed line to said sulphuric acid supply tube claim 10 , the sulphuric acid feed line having a non-return valve claim 10 , and a hydrogen peroxide feed line to said hydrogen peroxide supply tube claim 10 , the hydrogen peroxide feed line having a non-return valve.14. The device of claim 13 , ...

CONDUIT CONTACTOR AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A conduit contactor for conducting chemical reactions or chemical extractions between immiscible liquids includes a conduit having a hollow interior, a first open end, and a second open end opposite the first open end; a separator in fluid communication with and proximate the second open end; and a plurality of fibers disposed within the conduit. A total surface area of the fibers per volume of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 100 cm/cmto 490 cm/cm. 1. A conduit contactor for conducting chemical reactions or chemical extractions between immiscible liquids comprising:a conduit having a hollow interior, a first open end, and a second open end opposite the first open end;a separator in fluid communication with and proximate the second open end; anda plurality of fibers disposed within the conduit,{'sup': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'wherein a total surface area of the fibers per volume of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 100 cm/cmto 490 cm/cm.'}2. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein a total surface area of the fibers per volume of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 125 cm/cmto 450 cm/cm.3. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein a total surface area of the fibers per volume of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 150 cm/cmto 435 cm/cm.4. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein a length of the conduit and the fibers is from 0.25 m to 10 m.5. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the hollow interior of the conduit is from 0.5 cm to 3 m.6. The conduit contactor of claim 1 , wherein an average diameter of the fibers is from 5 μm to 150 μm.7. A method of conducting chemical reactions or chemical extractions between immiscible liquids comprising: a conduit having a hollow interior, a first open end, and a second open end opposite the first open end;', 'a separator in fluid communication with and proximate the second open end; and', 'a plurality of fibers disposed within the conduit,', {'sup': 2', '3', '2', '3, ...

PROCESS FOR ACID-CATALYZED DECOMPOSITION OF ARYL a- HYDROPEROXIDE WITH CONTINUOUS FLOW TUBULAR REACTOR

The present disclosure relates to a process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor. The process is a novel process performed in a tubular reactor, taking the aryl α-hydroperoxide such as cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) as a raw material and taking acids as a catalyst, performing acid-catalyzed decomposition of the aryl α-hydroperoxide solution in a short reaction time ranging from tens of seconds to several minutes, thereby obtaining the phenols; wherein an inert component may be filled in the reactor, so that the effects of heat transmission and mass transfer can be enhanced. The aryl α-hydroperoxide and acid are respectively introduced by a metering pump into a mixing module to be mixed, and then enter the tubular reactor to be reacted so as to produce the products such as phenols. 3. The process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the aryl α-hydroperoxide is cumyl hydroperoxide (CHP).4. The process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises the following step (2):(2) the concentration of each substance in the reaction products is analyzed by a liquid chromatography external standard method, and the aryl α-hydroperoxide is titrated by an iodometric method.5. The process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor according to claim 3 , wherein the CHP in step (1) is a concentrated oxidation liquid of cumene claim 3 , the solvent is one of acetone and cumene or a mixture thereof; or the oxidation liquid of cumene is used as a source of the CHP.6. The process for acid-catalyzed decomposition of aryl α-hydroperoxide with a continuous flow tubular reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the acid in step (1) is one or more selected from a group consisting of sulfuric ...

Method For Preparing Modified Polymerization Initiator And Apparatus For Preparing Modified Polymerization Initiator

The present invention relates to a method for producing a modified polymerization initiator, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a modified polymerization initiator, wherein the method includes the steps of: (S) introducing a first fluid and a second fluid into a reactor, and reacting the compounds included in the fluids, and (S) obtaining the modified polymerization initiator prepared by the reaction of the step (S) through an outlet of the reactor, wherein the step (S) and step (S) are continuously performed, wherein in the step (S), the flow amount of the first fluid and the second fluid is maintained constant at the time when the first fluid and the second fluid are mixed, and the flow rate of the first fluid is increased. Also, the present invention provides an apparatus for producing a modified polymerization initiator for performing the same. 1. A method for preparing a modified polymerization initiator , the method comprising the steps of:{'b': '1', '(S) introducing a first fluid through a first fluid inlet and a second fluid through a second fluid inlet into a reactor having the first fluid inlet including a first functional group-containing compound and the second fluid inlet including a second functional group-containing compound, and reacting the first functional group-containing compound with the second functional group-containing compound; and'}{'b': 2', '1, '(S) obtaining a third fluid including the modified polymerization initiator prepared by the reaction of the step (S) through an outlet provided in the reactor,'}{'b': 1', '2, 'wherein the step (S) and step (S) are continuously performed,'}{'b': '1', 'wherein in the step (S), the flow amounts of the first fluid and the second fluid are maintained constant at the time when the first fluid and the second fluid are mixed, and the flow rate of the first fluid is increased at the time when the first fluid and the second fluid are mixed.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first ...

SELF CLEANING REACTOR SYSTEM

This invention relates to a self cleaning reactor and to a process for the oligomerization of ethylene that employs a self-cleaning reactor. The reactor includes a mass of inert, particulate cleaning bodies that are entrained by the liquid in the reactor and scour the internal surfaces of the reactor during normal operation. This scouring action reduces the level of fouling on the reactor surfaces. Foulant material (polyethylene) is removed from the process on a continuous basis but the cleaning bodies remain within the reactor. 1. A self cleaning , continuous flow reactor , said reactor comprising1) at least one inlet line for liquid reactants;2) at least one outlet line for liquid products;3) a mixing system to mix liquid contained within said reactor; a) said mixing system provides sufficient liquid velocity to suspend said cleaning bodies within said reactor;', 'b) said cleaning bodies have a particle size of from 2 millimeters to 2 centimeters; and', 'c) said cleaning bodies are retained within said reactor during operation of the reactor., '4) a mass of cleaning bodies contained within said reactor, with the provisos that'}2. The reactor of wherein said reactor is a continuously stirred tank reactor.3. The reactor of wherein said cleaning bodies have a particle size of from about 2 millimeters to about 2 centimeters and a specific gravity that is greater than the specific gravity of said liquid contained within said reactor.4. A process for the removal of by-product polyethylene from a continuous flow claim 1 , mixed claim 1 , oligomerization reactor claim 1 , said process comprising:a) providing input flows comprising ethylene, solvent, and an oligomerization catalyst system to said reactor;b) oligomerizing ethylene under continuous flow conditions within said reactor; andc) providing a discharge stream from said reactor comprising solvent, oligomer product and polyethylene by-product; characterized in that said process is conducted in the presence of a mass ...

Use of a Fiber Reactor to Produce Silicones

A method of reacting compounds is described. The method can include flowing a first liquid comprising a first compound into an inlet of a conduit and through a fiber bundle comprising a plurality of fibers extending lengthwise in the conduit, and flowing, while flowing the first liquid, a second liquid comprising a second compound having at least one silicon atom into the inlet of the conduit and through the fiber bundle. The method can further include reacting the first compound and the second compound within the fiber bundle to produce a third compound having at least one silicon atom different from the first and second compounds, and flowing the third compound out an outlet of the conduit.

SULFURIC ACID ALKYLATION REACTOR SYSTEM AND CONVERSION OF A HYDROGEN FLUORIDE ALKYLATION UNIT TO A SULFURIC ACID ALKYLATION UNIT

This disclosure relates to SA alkylation reactor systems. The reactor system involves a closed reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, and an emulsion outlet. The reactor system also involves a distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel, a mixer fluidly connected with the distributor, and an emulsion pump fluidly connected with the mixer and the emulsion outlet, wherein the emulsion pump is located outside the reactor vessel. This disclosure also relates to a split SA alkylation reactor system wherein a single horizontal reactor vessel is divided to accommodate two reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to alkylation processes using the reactor systems. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit to a SA alkylation unit. This disclosure also relates to converted SA alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted SA alkylation units. 1. A sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system comprising:(a) a closed reactor vessel comprising a shell, a vapor outlet, and an emulsion outlet;(b) a distributor located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel;(c) a mixer fluidly connected with the distributor; and(d) an emulsion pump fluidly connected with the mixer and the emulsion outlet;wherein the emulsion pump is located outside the reactor vessel.2. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the mixer is an internal static mixer located at the lower portion of the reactor vessel claim 1 , the distributor is downstream of the internal static mixer and is directly connected with the internal static mixer.3. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of further comprising an external static mixer fluidly connected with the internal static mixer and the emulsion pump claim 2 , wherein the external static mixer is located outside the reactor vessel.4. The sulfuric acid alkylation reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the mixer is an in-line rotor stator mixer fluidly ...

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING COOLING FLUID IN AN IONIC LIQUID REACTOR SYSTEM WITH A HEAT EXCHANGER

Processes for controlling the rate and temperature of cooling fluid through a heat exchange zone in, for example, an alkylation reactor using an ionic liquid catalyst. A cooling fluid system may be used to provide the cooling fluid which includes a chiller and a reservoir. The cooling fluid may pass from the reservoir through the heat exchange zone. A bypass line may be used to pass a portion of the cooling fluid around the heat exchange zone. The amount of cooling fluid may be adjusted, with a valve, based upon the temperature of the cooled process fluid flowing out of the heat exchange zone. Some of the cooling fluid from the chiller may be circulated back to the chiller in a chiller loop. 1. A process for controlling a flow of a cooling fluid through a heat exchanger , the process comprising:passing a cooling fluid from a chilling zone to a reservoir;passing a first portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir through a heat exchange zone;passing a second portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir through a bypass line around the heat exchange zone;passing a process fluid through the heat exchange zone; and,absorbing heat from the process fluid with the cooling fluid in the heat exchange zone to provide a cooled process fluid.2. The process of for comprising: adjusting the second portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir that flows through a bypass line based upon a temperature of the cooled process fluid.3. The process of wherein a temperature of the first portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir is between approximately −6.7 to 26.7° C. (20 to 80° F.).4. The process of wherein a temperature of the first portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir is between approximately 1.7 to 12.8° C. (35 to 55° F.).5. The process of wherein the heat exchange zone comprises a plurality of heat exchangers.6. The process of wherein a first heat exchanger from the plurality of heat exchangers receives a process fluid from a first reaction zone claim 5 , ...

RECONFIGURABLE MULTI-STEP CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS SYSTEM AND RELATED COMPONENTS AND METHODS

The instant disclosure is related to fluidic distributors, fluidic systems, and associated methods and articles. Certain embodiments are related to fluidic distributors that comprise bays including fluidic connections with relative positions that substantially correspond to each other. In some embodiments, a fluidic distributor may comprise bays with electrical interfaces with relative positions that substantially correspond to each other. 1. A fluidic distributor , comprising:a first bay comprising first and second fluidic connections; anda second bay comprising first and second fluidic connections;wherein the relative positions of the first and second fluidic connections of the first bay substantially correspond to the relative positions of the first and second fluidic connections of the second bay.2. A fluidic distributor , comprising:a first bay comprising first and second fluidic connections and an electrical interface;a second bay comprising first and second fluidic connections and an electrical interface; and a processor is electronically coupled to the electrical interfaces of the first and second bays; and', 'the relative positions of the first fluidic connection of the first bay and the electrical interface of the first bay substantially correspond to the relative positions of the first fluidic connection of the second bay and the electrical interface of the second bay., 'wherein3. The fluidic distributor of claim 2 , wherein the degree of overlap of the first fluidic connector of the first bay and the first fluidic connector of the second bay is at least 50% claim 2 , and wherein the degree of overlap of the electrical interface of the first bay and the electrical interface of the second bay is at least 50%.4. The fluidic distributor of claim 2 , wherein the degree of overlap of the first fluidic connector of the first bay and the first fluidic connector of the second bay is at least 95% claim 2 , and wherein the degree of overlap of the electrical ...

PRODUCTION OF LINEAR ALPHA OLEFINS FROM ORGANIC SULFIDES

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a system and method for producing a linear alpha olefin. A disulfide, a hydrogen donating compound, and water are combined to produce a mixture. The mixture is introduced to a reactor operated at a pressure equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa and a temperature equal to or greater than 374 deg. C to produce an effluent stream. The effluent stream is separated to produce a product stream including the linear alpha olefin. The disulfide can be a compound of formula R—S—S—R′ where R is a first alkyl group having carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 12 and R′ is a second alkyl group having carbon atoms ranging from 5 to 12. The hydrogen donating compound can include a partially hydrogenated multi-ring aromatic compound. 1. A method for producing a linear alpha olefin (LAO) , the method comprising the steps of:combining a disulfide oil feed and a hydrogen donor feed to produce a first mixed stream, the disulfide oil feed comprising a disulfide, the hydrogen donor feed comprising a hydrogen donating compound (HDC);combining the first mixed stream and a water feed to produce a second mixed stream;introducing the second mixed stream to a reactor, wherein the reactor is operated at a pressure equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa and a temperature equal to or greater than 373.9 deg. C to produce an effluent stream, the effluent stream comprising the LAO;introducing the effluent stream to a first separator to produce a gas stream and a liquid stream, the liquid stream comprising the LAO;introducing the liquid stream to a second separator to produce a hydrocarbon stream and a water stream, the hydrocarbon stream comprising the LAO; andintroducing the hydrocarbon stream to a distillation unit to produce an LAO stream and a byproduct stream, the LAO stream comprising the LAO.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:pressurizing the first mixed stream to a pressure equal to or greater than 22.06 MPa.3. The method of claim 1 , further ...

System and Method for Preparing Alkali Metal Salt Emulsifying Agents

A system and method combine a first reactant with a second reactant to create a reaction product. A first pump is in fluid communication with a reaction vessel and a source of the first reactant. A second pump is in fluid communication with the reaction vessel and a source of the second reactant. A gas sparger is located in the reaction vessel, and the gas sparger is in fluid communication with a gas source for providing gas to the reaction vessel. A controller is configured to execute a program stored in the controller to: (i) receive a sensor signal based on a force exerted by the reaction vessel in a direction toward the sensor, and (ii) operate the first pump and the second pump to deliver to the reaction vessel the first reactant and the second reactant thereby causing a reaction that creates the reaction product. 1. A system for combining a first reactant with a second reactant to create a reaction product and for dispensing the reaction product , the system comprising:a reaction vessel;a first pump in fluid communication with the reaction vessel and a first source of a first reactant;a second pump in fluid communication with the reaction vessel and a second source of a second reactant;a gas sparger located in the reaction vessel, the gas sparger being in fluid communication with a gas source and an interior space of the reaction vessel;a sensor positioned adjacent the reaction vessel, the sensor outputting a signal based on a force exerted by the reaction vessel in a direction toward the sensor; anda controller in electrical communication with the first pump, the second pump, and the sensor, the controller being configured to execute a program stored in the controller to: (i) receive the signal from the sensor, and (ii) operate the first pump for a first time period and operate the second pump for a second time period based on the signal from the sensor such that the first reactant and the second reactant are delivered to the reaction vessel and contact of ...

CONVERSION OF A HYDROGEN FLUORIDE ALKYLATION UNIT TO A SULFURIC ACID ALKYLATION UNIT AND APPARATUS UTILIZED THEREIN

This disclosure relates to methods of converting an HF alkylation unit which utilizes HF as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit which utilizes sulfuric acid as a reaction catalyst. This disclosure also relates to a segmented sulfuric acid settler for separating a sulfuric acid phase from a hydrocarbon phase. This disclosure also relates to methods of converting a vertical HF acid settler to a segmented sulfuric acid settler. This disclosure also relates to converted sulfuric acid alkylation units and alkylation processes performed in the converted sulfuric acid alkylation units. 1. A method for converting a hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit which utilizes hydrogen fluoride as a reaction catalyst to a sulfuric acid alkylation unit , the hydrogen fluoride alkylation unit comprising an HF alkylation reactor , an HF alkylation fractionation section comprising at least one fractionator , and an HF acid relief neutralizer vessel , the method comprising:(a) substituting sulfuric acid for hydrogen fluoride as the reaction catalyst;(b) retaining the HF acid relief neutralizer vessel as a blowdown vapor scrubber;(c) retaining the HF alkylation fractionation section as a sulfuric acid alkylation fractionation section;(d) providing at least one sulfuric acid alkylation reactor;(e) providing a refrigeration section comprising a refrigerant compressor and a heat exchanger for condensing a vapor stream from the refrigerant compressor;(f) providing a conduit for recycling an isoparaffin comprising isobutane from the refrigeration section to said at least one sulfuric acid alkylation reactor; and(g) providing a feed/effluent heat exchanger for cooling a hydrocarbon feed stream and heating a net effluent stream.2. A segmented sulfuric acid settler for separating a sulfuric acid phase from a hydrocarbon phase , the sulfuric acid settler comprising:(a) a vertical vessel having an outlet at its top section, a vertical interior wall, and a bottom;(b) at least one ...

Divalent Ion Removal From Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) Feed Streams

A system and process for removing divalent ions from a MEG feed stream is presented. The system includes a chemical treatment tank where chemicals are mixed with the feed stream to form insoluble carbonate and hydroxide salts. The system also includes a membrane-type solid-liquid separation unit that receives the feed stream from the chemical treatment tank and separates it into a filtrate containing MEG and a retentate containing the insoluble salts. The system may also include washing the retentate to remove additional MEG, which is then recycled to a MEG regeneration or reclamation process. The system may also include a dryer that receives waste slurry from the solid-liquid separation unit and dries it to form a solid waste, thereby facilitating its handling, storage, and disposal. 1. A system for removing divalent ions from a feed stream having MEG mixed with produced water , the system comprising:a chemical treatment tank arranged to receive the feed stream and react chemicals mixed with the feed stream to form insoluble carbonate and hydroxide salts;a membrane-type solid-liquid separation unit arranged to receive the reacted feed stream from the chemical treatment tank and separate the reacted feed stream into a filtrate and a retentate;a return line between the membrane-type solid-liquid separation unit and the chemical tank, the return line arranged to receive wash water used to wash the retentate and return the wash water to the chemical treatment tank; anda dryer arranged to receive a waste slurry stream from the membrane-type solid-liquid separation unit.2. A system according to wherein the chemical treatment tank has a temperature ranging from approximately 10° C. (50° F.) to approximately 100° C. (212° F.).3. A system according to wherein the chemical treatment tank has a temperature ranging from approximately 50° C. (122° F.) to approximately 85° C. (185° F.).4. A system according to wherein the chemical treatment tank has a residence time ranging from ...

Apparatus and Process for the Automated Chemical Synthesis of Compounds

Provided is an apparatus for the automated synthesis of at least one chemical compound including: at least one cartridge including at least one first compartment for providing at least one first reagent for the chemical synthesis of the at least one compound; at least one second compartment for providing at least one second reagent for the chemical synthesis of the at least one compound, and at least one third compartment for purifying the at least one synthesized compound; at least one reaction container for providing the compounds to be fed into at least one of the compartments of the cartridge and/or collecting the reaction product from at least one of the compartments of the cartridge; at least one solvent container; at least two flow patch selecting valve and at least one pump. 1. An apparatus for the automated synthesis of at least one chemical compound , comprising:at least one cartridge comprising:at least one first compartment for providing at least one first reagent for the chemical synthesis of the at least one compound;at least one second compartment for providing at least one second reagent for the chemical synthesis of the at least one compound, andat least one third compartment for purifying the at least one synthesized compound;at least one reaction container for providing the compounds to be fed into at least one of the compartments of the cartridge and/or collecting the reaction product from at least one of the compartments of the cartridge;at least one solvent container for storing solvent systems used for at least one of the compartments of the cartridge;optionally at least one waste container for collecting the waste from at least one of the compartments of the cartridge;at least two flow patch selecting valves, wherein at least one first valve selects the liquid source and at least one second valve directs the liquid to one of the compartments in the cartridge, reaction container or optional waste container, andat least one pump arranged ...

APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING HIGHLY CORROSIVE AGENTS

An apparatus for treating highly corrosive agents comprises a tube bundle () heat exchanger (), structured to carry out a heat exchange between two fluids one of which is highly corrosive and flowing inside of said tube bundle (). 1. An apparatus for treating highly corrosive agents , comprising:a tube bundle heat exchanger, structured to carry out a heat exchange between a first fluid which is highly corrosive and flowing inside of at least one tube bundle, and a second fluid flowing outside of said at least one tube bundle,wherein said at least one tube bundle comprises at least one tube of titanium or titanium alloy, having a layer of zirconium or zirconium alloy bonded to the titanium or titanium alloy tube metallurgically or through welding,wherein said at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube is coated on the inside by said zirconium or zirconium alloy tube, and said zirconium or zirconium alloy layer in contact with said first highly corrosive fluid flowing inside said at least one tube bundle, and said titanium or titanium alloy tube is in contact with at least said second fluid flowing outside said at least one layer bundle,wherein said at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube and said zirconium or zirconium alloy coating layer are bonded together through hot-drawing.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube has a thickness between 1.0 and 10 millimeters claim 1 , and in that said zirconium or zirconium alloy coating tube has a thickness between 0.3 and 2.0 millimeters.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube is only partially coated with said zirconium or zirconium alloy layer.4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein said zirconium or zirconium alloy layer coats solely an end portion of the at least one titanium or titanium alloy tube.5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein said zirconium or zirconium alloy layer extends ...

Oxidation process

A process utilizing nitric acid and oxygen as co-oxidants to oxidize aldehydes, alcohols, polyols, preferably carbohydrates, specifically reducing sugars to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids.

REACTOR AND REACTOR SYSTEM PROVIDED WITH SAME

Provided is a reactor capable of generating a proposed target solution in a short time by reacting the raw material solutions with each other while allowing a mixed raw material solution containing a plurality of kinds of raw material solutions mixed with each other to flow, and restraining the temperature of the mixed raw material solution from excessively rising. The reactor includes a reaction channel allowing the mixed raw material solution to flow and a solvent channel allowing a solvent dissolvable in the mixed raw material solution to flow. The solvent channel is connected to the reaction channel between the upstream end and the downstream end of the reaction channel so that the solvent flowing in the solvent channel is mixed with the mixed raw material solution flowing in the reaction channel from the middle of the reaction channel. 1. A reactor for reacting a plurality of kinds of raw material solutions with each other while allowing a mixed raw material solution to flow , the mixed raw material solution containing the plurality of kinds of raw material solutions mixed with each other , to thereby generate a proposed target solution , the reactor comprising:a reaction channel that allows the mixed raw material solution to flow in the reaction channel, the mixed raw material solution containing the plurality of kinds of raw material solutions mixed with each other; anda solvent channel that allows a solvent to flow in the solvent channel, the solvent being dissolvable in the mixed raw material solution to thereby reduce a concentration of the raw material solution,wherein the solvent channel is connected to the reaction channel between an upstream end and a downstream end of the reaction channel so as to cause the solvent flowing in the solvent channel to be mixed with the mixed raw material solution flowing in the reaction channel from a middle of the reaction channel.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent channel includes a plurality of ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING POLYMER BEADS OF UNIFORM PARTICLE SIZE BY SUSPENSION POLYMERISATION

Monomer solution and liquid solution immiscible with the monomers in the monomer solution are cocurrently jetted upwardly in a pulsating manner in a reaction vessel. Monomer droplets are allowed to rise up in a controlled and smooth manner under the dynamic forces exerted by differential flow rate and differential pressure between the monomer and liquid solutions and the differential densities between the monomer and liquid solutions without causing coalescence, agglomeration and breakup of the monomer droplets and to stabilize by partial polymerization of the droplets at 50-60° C. The monomer droplets flow out horizontally into a polymerization reactor and get polymerized in the polymerization reactor under agitation at 80-85° C. The polymer beads are dried at 80-100° C. and sieved. 1. An apparatus for preparing polymer beads of uniform particle size by suspension polymerization comprising a vertically located monomer droplets forming reaction vessel defining contiguously a monomer solution distribution section at the bottom of the reaction vessel , a monomer droplet viewing first transparent section above the monomer solution distribution section , a monomer droplet stabilizing section above the first transparent section , a monomer droplet viewing second transparent section above the monomer droplet stabilizing section and a turbulence dampening and droplet discharging section above the second transparent section and at the top of the reaction vessel , wherein the monomer solution distribution section is connected at the bottom thereof to a pulsating monomer solution supply capable of supplying a monomer solution containing initiators in a pulsating manner at a flow rate of 2-4 L/hr and at a pressure of 0.2-1 kg/cmand the monomer solution distribution section comprises a jetting orifice plate at the top thereof having a plurality of orifices of 50-300 micron size , the first transparent section comprises a jetting hollow tubular ring located at the bottom thereof ...

Drug Delivery Systems and Use Thereof

The invention provides a microsphere formulation for the sustained delivery of an aptamer, for example, an anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor aptamer, to a preselected locus in a mammal, such as the eye. In addition, the invention provides methods for making such formulations, and methods of using such formulations to deliver an aptamer to a preselected locus in a mammal. In particular, the invention provides a method for delivering the aptamer to an eye for the treatment of an ocular disorder, for example, age-related macular degeneration. 1. A microsphere for sustained aptamer delivery , the microsphere comprising an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor aptamer and a biocompatible polymer.2. The microsphere of claim 1 , wherein the aptamer comprises from 0.1% (w/w) to 30% (w/w) of the microsphere.34-. (canceled)5. The microsphere of claim 1 , further comprising trehalose.6. The microsphere of claim 5 , wherein the mass ratio of aptamer to trehalose is at least 1:3.7. The microsphere of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible polymer is a degradable polymer.8. The microsphere of claim 7 , wherein the degradable polymer is selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate claim 7 , polyanhydride claim 7 , polyamide claim 7 , polyester claim 7 , polyorthoester claim 7 , and copolymers or mixtures thereof.910-. (canceled)11. The microsphere of claim 7 , wherein the polymer has a half-life of degradation under physiological conditions of at least 1 month.12. The microsphere of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible polymer is a non-degradable polymer.13. The microsphere of claim 12 , wherein the non-degradable polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyether claim 12 , vinyl polymer claim 12 , polyurethane claim 12 , cellulose-based polymer claim 12 , and polysiloxane.1416-. (canceled)17. The microsphere of claim 1 , wherein the microsphere has a diameter of about 15 μm.18. A method of preventing claim 1 , treating claim 1 , or inhibiting an ocular disease ...

PERFORMIC ACID PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Systems for producing performic acid and methods for producing performic acid. The systems may include two or more reactor units, two or more servient programmable logic controllers, a control panel, and a master programmable logic controller. The system may modify the production of performic acid in at least one of the two or more reactor units upon and/or after the occurrence of a disruptive event in order to maintain a desired level of performic acid production and/or a desired level of disinfection. 1. A system for producing performic acid , the system comprising:two or more reactor units, wherein at least one reactor unit of the two or more reactor units comprises a water bath and one or more coils disposed in the water bath;two or more servient programmable logic controllers (sPLCs), wherein each of the two or more sPLCs is in communication with a different reactor unit of the two or more reactor units;a control panel comprising a master programmable logic controller (mPLC) in communication with the two or more sPLCs; andan automation unit having a user interface, wherein the automation unit is in communication with the mPLC;wherein (i) the mPLC, (ii) at least one of the two or more sPLCs, (iii) at least one of the two or more reactor units, or (iv) a combination thereof is configured to maintain a desired level of performic acid production upon and/or after the occurrence of a disruptive event.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein:the mPLC is configured to receive from the automation unit a first instruction comprising the desired level of performic acid production,the mPLC is configured to receive a status of the two or more reactor units from each of the two or more sPLCs,the mPLC is configured to send a second instruction, based on the desired level of performic acid production and the status of the two or more reactor units, to each of the two or more sPLCs upon and/or after the occurrence of the disruptive event, the second instruction comprising a modified ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INCREASING REACTION YIELD

The invention generally relates to systems and methods for increasing reaction yield. In certain embodiments, the invention provides systems for increasing a yield of a chemical reaction that include a pneumatic sprayer configured to generate a liquid spray discharge from a solvent. The solvent includes a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product. The system also includes a collector positioned to receive the liquid spray discharge including the unreacted molecules and the reaction product. The system also includes a recirculation loop connected from the collector to the pneumatic sprayer in order to allow the unreacted molecules and the reaction product to be recycled through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby allowing a plurality of the unreacted molecules to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the system. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for increasing yield of a chemical reaction , the method comprising:generating a liquid spray discharge using a pneumatic sprayer, wherein the liquid spray discharge is generated from a solvent that comprises a plurality of molecules, a portion of which react with each other within the liquid spray discharge to form a reaction product;collecting in a collector the liquid spray discharge comprising unreacted molecules and the reaction product; andrecirculating the unreacted molecules and the reaction product through the pneumatic sprayer, in order to allow a plurality of the unreacted molecules in the solvent to react with each other as the unreacted molecules cycle again through the pneumatic sprayer, thereby increasing a yield of the chemical reaction.22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein a voltage source is operably associated with the pneumatic sprayer in order to generate a charged liquid spray discharge.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein collecting comprises condensing the liquid spray discharge ...

METHOD FOR FABRICATING NANOPARTICLES

Systems and methods are provided for filtering a fluid containing nanoparticles. The systems and methods generally include introducing a stream of the nanoparticle-containing fluid into a holding vessel, and extracting at least a part of a nanoparticle-containing fluid accumulated in the holding vessel. The extracted nanoparticle-containing fluid is passed through a filtration module to separate a nanoparticle-containing retentate from a permeate, and the retentate is returned to the vessel. The filtration cycle can be repeated until a desired concentration of the nanoparticles is achieved in the holding vessel. In many embodiments, the generation of the nanoparticle-containing fluid and its filtration are performed concurrently. 1. A system for filtering nanoparticles contained in a fluid , comprising:a holding vessel adapted for receiving a nanoparticle-containing fluid stream,a filtration module fluidly connected to the vessel to receive at least a portion of a nanoparticle-containing fluid accumulated in the holding vessel to separate a nanoparticle-containing retentate from a permeate, anda return path providing a fluid passage for the nanoparticle-containing retentate to the holding vessel.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a drainage port for removing said permeate from the filtration module.42. The system of claim claim 1 , further comprising a pump coupled to the drainage port for facilitating the removal of the permeate from the filtration module.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein said pump is configured to remove the permeate from the filtration module at a rate substantially equal to a rate at which the holding vessel receives the nanoparticle-containing fluid stream.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a reservoir for containing a replacement fluid claim 1 , said reservoir being in fluid coupling with the vessel to provide a flow of the replacement fluid.7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a pump for transferring the ...

MIXING REACTOR AND METHOD

A mixing reactor (), the reactor comprising a body () having a first inlet (), a second inlet () and an outlet (), in which there is an inner passage () through the body () from the first inlet () at a first end () of the body () to the outlet () at a second end of the body () along a length of the body (), the inner passage () having a side wall () along the length, and an outer passage () closer to a surface () of the body () than the inner passage (), the outer passage () running from the second inlet () at the second end, travelling through the body () along the length and meeting the inner passage () at a junction () at the first end, the outer passage () joining the inner passage () through the side wall () at the junction (). Such a mixing reactor can be used for producing particles such as nanoparticles or Metal-Organic frameworks. Furthermore, we disclose a cascade of such reactors and a method of using such reactors to mix fluids, typically but non-exclusively so as to produce such particles. 1. A mixing reactor , the reactor comprising a body having a first inlet , a second inlet and an outlet , in which there is an inner passage through the body from the first inlet at a first end of the body to the outlet at a second end of the body along a length of the body , the inner passage having a side wall along the length , and an outer passage closer to a surface of the body than the inner passage , the outer passage running from the second inlet at the second end , travelling through the body along the length and meeting the inner passage at a junction at the first end , the outer passage joining the inner passage through the side wall at the junction.2. The mixing reactor of claim 1 , in which the outer passage enters the inner passage at an angle of 90 degrees to the length claim 1 , plus or minus 45 degrees.3. The mixing reactor of claim 2 , in which the junction comprises an orifice in the inner wall claim 2 , with a portion of the outer passage preceding ...

LOW RISK CHLORINE DIOXIDE ONSITE GENERATION SYSTEM

The present disclosure generally relates to producing chloride dioxide. A chlorine dioxide reactor, methods for producing chlorine dioxide, and treating aqueous systems are disclosed. The reactor may include a mixing device, a first feed line in fluid communication with the mixing device, and a second feed line in fluid communication with the mixing device. The reactor may include a proximal portion in fluid communication with the mixing device and a distal portion in fluid communication with a motive water line. The mixing device, the reactor, a portion of the first feed line, and a portion of the second feed line may be positioned within the motive water line. 1. A method of producing chlorine dioxide , comprising:feeding a first solution comprising an acid through a first feed line into a mixing device;feeding a second solution comprising chlorite through a second feed line into the mixing device;mixing the first solution and the second solution in the mixing device to form a reaction mixture, wherein the mixing device is in fluid communication with a reactor;feeding the reaction mixture into the reactor;reacting the acid and the chlorite in the reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a proximal portion in fluid communication with the mixing device and a distal portion in fluid communication with a motive water line, wherein the mixing device, the reactor, a portion of the first feed line, and a portion of the second feed line are positioned within the motive water line; andmixing chlorine dioxide with motive water in the motive water line at the distal portion of the reactor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid is hydrochloric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , hypochlorous acid claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. A method of producing chlorine dioxide claim 1 , comprising:feeding a first solution comprising an acid through a first feed line into a mixing device;feeding a second solution comprising chlorate and hydrogen ...

POLYMER-BASED NANOPARTICLES, RELATED FORMULATIONS METHODS, AND APPARATUS

This invention pertains to the field of biopolymer-loaded (where the biopolymer(s) are active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (API(s)) polymer-based nanoparticles formulated, for example, for curative, therapeutic prophylactic and/or diagnostic applications. The polymer used to formulate the nanoparticles can be any biodegradable synthetic polymer or combination of polymers, including combinations of PLGA and PEG. Biopolymers used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) can include natural and unnatural nucleic acids such as DNA, RNA and LNA. Biopolymers used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can also include neutral and positively charged nucleic acid mimics (NPNAM) such as for example, peptide nucleic acids, morpholinos, pyrrolidine-amide oligonucleotide mimics, morpholinoglycine oligonucleotides and methyl phosphonates and derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, the nanoparticles are loaded with both nucleic acids and NPNAMs as the APIs. Nanoparticles so formulated can be used in curative, therapeutic, prophylactic and/or diagnostic applications. Certain preferred nanoparticles, formulation methodologies, de-formulation methodologies and apparatus are also disclosed. 1. A method comprising: (i) the first solution comprises a first solvent; and', '(ii) the second solution comprises: (w) a neutral or positively charged nucleic acid mimic (NPNAM); (x) a polymer, and (y) a second solvent;, 'wherein, 'a) combining a first solution and a second solution at a junction under conditions suitable to produce nanoprecipitation in a post-junction fluid stream comprising post-junction fluid,'}b) forming a nanoparticle comprising the polymer and the NPNAM in the post-junction fluid stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a synthetic polymer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:(i) the first solution comprises water or an aqueous solution or buffer; and(ii) the second solution comprises: (w) a neutral or positively charged nucleic acid mimic ( ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING KETOMALONIC ACID COMPOUND USING FLOW REACTOR

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for continuously producing a ketomalonic acid compound such as a ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof, which is an industrially useful compound, on an industrial scale and in a safe and steady manner. The present invention relates to: a method in which a malonic acid diester, a carboxylic acid compound and a chlorous acid compound are used as raw material compounds, and these raw material compounds are mixed together to prepare a mixture and the mixture is supplied to a flow reactor continuously, thereby continuously producing a corresponding ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof; and a continuous production apparatus for performing the method. 1. A continuous production apparatus , characterized in that the apparatus comprising:(1) a mixing part configured to mix a malonic acid diester, a carboxylic acid compound, and a chlorous acid compound;(2) a temperature rising part configured to raise the temperature of the mixed mixture thereof; and(3) a reaction part configured to react the mixture having a temperature raised by the temperature rising part,which is for continuously producing a corresponding ketomalonic acid diester or a hydrate thereof from the malonic acid diester as a raw material compound,wherein the temperature rising part of (2) and the reaction part of (3) are one or two or more flow reactors.2. The continuous production apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the flow reactors are one or two or more tubular flow reactors.3. The continuous production apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein an equivalent diameter of the tubular flow reactors is from 0.5 mm to 50 mm.4. The continuous production apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature rising part and the reaction part are present in one tubular flow reactor.5. The continuous production apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprising:(4) an aging part configured to further age the reaction ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING POTASSIUM SULFATE

Systems and methods of producing potassium sulfate can involve converting a mixed salts feed stream into a conversion end slurry in a conversion unit, the mixed salts feed comprising at least one potassium-containing salt, at least one chloride-containing salt, at least one magnesium-containing salt and at least one sulfate-containing salt and the conversion end slurry comprising schoenite; separating conversion end slurry into a conversion end solids stream and a conversion brine; leaching the conversion end solids stream in a crystallization unit to produce a potassium sulfate product stream comprising potassium sulfate and a crystallizer mother liquor comprising magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate; collecting heat generated in the conversion unit by a heat pump; and providing at least a portion of the heat collected to the crystallization unit to regulate a temperature of the potassium sulfate product stream and the crystallizer mother liquor stream contained in the crystallization unit. 1. A method of producing potassium sulfate , the method comprising:converting a mixed salts feed stream into a conversion end slurry in a conversion unit, the mixed salts feed stream comprising at least one potassium-containing salt, at least one chloride-containing salt, at least one magnesium-containing salt and at least one sulfate-containing salt and the conversion end slurry comprising schoenite;separating the conversion end slurry into a conversion end solids stream and a conversion brine by a solid-liquid separator;leaching the conversion end solids stream with water in a crystallization unit to produce a potassium sulfate product stream comprising potassium sulfate and a crystallizer mother liquor stream comprising magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate;collecting heat generated in the conversion unit by a heat pump; andproviding at least a portion of the heat collected from the conversion unit to the crystallization unit to regulate a temperature of the potassium ...

System and Methods for Making Bioproducts

Processes for continuous preparation of bioproducts are described herein. The processes include contacting fatty acid glycerides with alcohols in the presence of an acidic heterogeneous catalyst and separating the fatty acid alkyl esters from the reaction products.

MANUFACTURING AND SEPARATING DEVICE FOR OILY RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND METHOD THEREOF

A manufacturing and separating device and a method for oily radioactive substances provide an automatic synthesis box to minimize the man-made errors during the manufacturing, such that mass production for the oily radioactive substance can be possible, the radiation exposure time of the manufacturing staff can be reduced, and the radioactivity of the final products can be detected. The manufacturing and separating device includes a first reaction material bottle, a first heating device, a gas pump, a first flushing material bottle, a second flushing material bottle, a purifying device, a first transmission unit, a temperature-controlled temporary storage tank, a filter, a first collection bottle, a second collection bottle, a plurality of valves and a control unit. 1. A manufacturing and separating device for oily radioactive substances , comprising:a first reaction material bottle, containing a first raw material;a first heating device, having thereinside a second reaction material bottle containing a second raw material and receiving the first raw material, heating and mixing the first raw material and the second raw material so as to form a reacted material;a gas pump, sending a gas into the second reaction material bottle of the first heating device for stirring the first raw material and the second raw material;a first flushing material bottle, containing an aqueous cleaning material;a second flushing material bottle, containing an oily cleaning material;a purifying device, including thereinside an oily absorbing structure for adhering the reacted material, outputting an oily substance and an aqueous sub stance;a first transmission unit, leading out the aqueous cleaning material and the oily cleaning material to the purifying device, forwarding the reacted material in the first heating device to the purifying device;a temperature-controlled temporary storage tank, receiving the oily substance and the aqueous substance outputted from the purifying device, ...

FLUID TRANSPORT APPARATUS, METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SAME, AND CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS APPARATUS

A fluid transport apparatus includes a pressure chamber to which a fluid is supplied, N drive elements that deliver the fluid to a channel by changing pressure of the fluid within the pressure chamber, and a control section that supplies a drive signal to each of the drive elements. The control section controls the N (N≧2) drive elements such that phases of drive signals which are supplied to each of the drive elements are different from each other. Therefore, by changing the pressure of the fluid within the pressure chamber while suppressing an amplitude of the drive elements as a whole, pulsation of the fluid is effectively suppressed. 1. A fluid transport apparatus comprising:a pressure chamber to which a fluid is supplied;a plurality of drive elements that deliver the fluid to a channel by changing pressure of the fluid within the pressure chamber; anda control section that supplies a drive signal to each of the plurality of drive elements,wherein phases of drive signals which are supplied to each of N (N≧2) drive elements among the plurality of drive elements are different from each other.2. The fluid transport apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein a phase difference between the drive signals which are supplied to each of the N drive elements is a half cycle or less in cycles that are equal to each other.3. The fluid transport apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein phases of the drive signals which are supplied to each of three or more drive elements among the plurality of drive elements are different from each other by the same phase differences.4. The fluid transport apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the control section controls a flow rate of the fluid which is delivered to the channel from the pressure chamber by changing an amplitude of the drive signal.5. The fluid transport apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the number of drive elements which are included in the plurality of drive elements is more than N, andtwo or more drive elements to ...

Efficient Method for Producing and Purifying Anhydrous Sugar Alcohol

The present invention relates to a method of producing and purifying a high-purity anhydrosugar alcohol in high yield by a simple process and apparatus, the method includes the steps of: allowing a sugar alcohol to react in the presence of an acid catalyst in a reactor, and, at the same time, evaporating a product of the reaction; cooling the evaporated product to remove water and obtain a crude anhydrosugar alcohol; and introducing the crude anhydrosugar alcohol into a melt crystallization process to obtain a high-purity anhydrosugar alcohol. 1. A method of preparing and purifying anhydrosugar alcohol , the method comprising:reacting a sugar alcohol in a presence of an acid catalyst in a reactor, and at the same time, evaporating a reaction product;cooling an evaporated product, thereby obtaining a crude anhydrosugar alcohol; andintroducing the crude anhydrosugar alcohol into a melt crystallization process, thereby obtaining a high-purity anhydrosugar alcohol.2. A method of preparing and purifying anhydrosugar alcohol , the method comprising:reacting a sugar alcohol in a presence of an acid catalyst in a reactor, and at the same time, evaporating a reaction product;cooling an evaporated product, thereby obtaining a crude anhydrosugar alcohol;adsorbing the crude anhydrosugar alcohol; andintroducing an adsorbed crude anhydrosugar alcohol into a melt crystallization process, thereby obtaining a high-purity anhydrosugar alcohol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid catalyst has a boiling point of 160° C. or higher at 10 mmHg and pKa range of −3.0 to 3.0 claim 1 , and reacts at a homogeneous phase.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the acid catalyst is naphthalenesulfonic acid.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the reactor is 150° C. to 220° C. and a pressure of the reactor is 1 to 50 torr.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anhydrosugar alcohol is isosorbide claim 1 , and the sugar alcohol is sorbitol.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

CONTINUOUS SONO-CHEMICAL REACTORS AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME

Sono-chemical reactors and methods of using the same are provided. The sono-chemical reactors may include a plurality of sections that are sequentially connected along a longitudinal direction of the sono-chemical reactor. The plurality of sections may include a sono-reactor section that includes a reactant inlet through which reactants are supplied into the sono-reactor section and a static mixer section that is configured to receive a first reactant/product mixture from the sono-reactor section and is configured mix the first reactant/product mixture therein for reaction between unreacted reactants. An inner space of the sono-reactor section may taper along the longitudinal direction of the chemical reactor away from the reactant inlet. The plurality of sections may also include a product separation section that is configured to receive a second reactant/product mixture from the static mixer section and is configured to separate a product from the second reactant/product mixture. 1. A sono-chemical reactor comprising:a plurality of sections that are sequentially connected along a longitudinal direction of the sono-chemical reactor, a sono-reactor section that comprises a reactant inlet through which reactants are supplied into the sono-reactor section, wherein an inner space of the sono-reactor section tapers along the longitudinal direction of the sono-chemical reactor away from the reactant inlet; and', 'a static mixer section that is configured to receive a first reactant/product mixture from the sono-reactor section and is configured mix the first reactant/product mixture therein for reaction between unreacted reactants., 'wherein the plurality of sections comprises2. The sono-chemical reactor of claim 1 , wherein an inner space of the static mixer section has a substantially uniform diameter along the longitudinal direction of the sono-chemical reactor.3. The sono-chemical reactor of claim 2 , wherein the diameter of the inner space of the static mixer ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PRODUCING POTASSIUM SULFATE

Systems and methods of producing potassium sulfate can involve converting a mixed salts feed stream into a conversion end slurry in a conversion unit, the mixed salts feed comprising at least one potassium-containing salt, at least one chloride-containing salt, at least one magnesium-containing salt and at least one sulfate-containing salt and the conversion end slurry comprising schoenite; separating conversion end slurry into a conversion end solids stream and a conversion brine; leaching the conversion end solids stream in a crystallization unit to produce a potassium sulfate product stream comprising potassium sulfate and a crystallizer mother liquor comprising magnesium sulfate and potassium sulfate; collecting heat generated in the conversion unit by a heat pump; and providing at least a portion of the heat collected to the crystallization unit to regulate a temperature of the potassium sulfate product stream and the crystallizer mother liquor stream contained in the crystallization unit. 1. A method of producing potassium sulfate , the method comprising:converting a mixed salts feed stream into a conversion end slurry in a conversion unit, the mixed salts feed stream comprising at least one potassium-containing salt, at least one chloride-containing salt, at least one magnesium-containing salt and at least one sulfate-containing salt and the conversion end slurry comprising schoenite;separating the conversion end slurry into a schoenite slurry stream and a tailings slurry stream in a flotation unit;leaching the schoenite slurry stream in a leaching unit to produce a mother liquor stream and a schoenite stream;separating the schoenite stream into a leached schoenite stream and a leach end brine stream by a solid-liquid separator;leaching the leached schoenite stream with water in a crystallization unit to produce a potassium sulfate product stream comprising potassium sulfate and an crystallizer mother liquor stream comprising magnesium sulfate and potassium ...

MULTISTAGE CATALYST INJECTION SYSTEM FOR AN OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION REACTOR

This disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for the delivery of a multi-component olefin polymerization catalyst to a polymerization reactor. The apparatus includes: a first catalyst component delivery conduit; a second catalyst component delivery conduit which is disposed within the first catalyst component delivery conduit; a first catalyst component mixing conduit; a third catalyst component delivery conduit which is disposed within the first catalyst component mixing conduit; a second catalyst component mixing conduit comprising an upstream section and a downstream section, the downstream section terminating within the polymerization reactor; and a diluent delivery conduit; the first and second catalyst component delivery conduits each being open-ended and co-terminating at the first catalyst component mixing conduit; the first catalyst component mixing conduit and the third catalyst component delivery conduit each being open-ended and co-terminating at the upstream section of the second catalyst component mixing conduit; and the diluent delivery conduit terminating at the downstream section of the second catalyst component mixing conduit. 1. An apparatus for the delivery of a multi-component olefin polymerization catalyst to a polymerization reactor , the apparatus comprising:a first catalyst component delivery conduit;a second catalyst component delivery conduit which is disposed within the first catalyst component delivery conduit;a first catalyst component mixing conduit;a third catalyst component delivery conduit which is disposed within the first catalyst component mixing conduit;a second catalyst component mixing conduit comprising an upstream section and a downstream section; anda diluent delivery conduit;the first and second catalyst component delivery conduits each being open ended and co-terminating at the first catalyst component mixing conduit, the first catalyst component mixing conduit and the third catalyst component delivery conduit ...

System and method for catalyst preparation

Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a threshold. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor.

Process and device for the production of high molecular weight polymerisation products

Polymerization apparatus for producing aromatic polycarbonate

It is a task of the present invention to provide a polymerizer device and a polymerizer system which enable the production, by melt transesterification, of a high quality, high performance aromatic polycarbonate (which is colorless and has excellent mechanical properties) from a molten aromatic polycarbonate prepolymer obtained by reacting an aromatic dihydroxy compound with a diaryl carbonate, wherein the polycarbonate can be stably produced on a commercial scale at 1 to 50 t/hr for a long time. In the present invention, this task has been accomplished by a guide-wetting fall polymerizer device (in which a molten prepolymer is allowed to fall along and in contact with a guide, thereby effecting polymerization of the prepolymer) having a specific structure and a polymerizer system comprising such devices. That is, the device and the system have enabled the stable production of a high quality, high performance aromatic polycarbonate as mentioned above at 1 to 50 t/hr for a long time (more than several thousand hours, e.g., as long as 5,000 hours) without fluctuation of the molecular weight thereof.

Method for continuously producing cross-linked fine-particle geleous polymerizates

The invention relates to a method for continuously producing cross-linked, fine-particle geleous polymerizates by copolymerizing: a) water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers; b) 0.001 to 5 mol %, with regard to monomers (a), of monomers containing at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, and; (c) 0 to 20 mol %, with regard to monomers (a), of water-insoluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in 20 to 80 wt. % of an aqueous solution in the presence of an initiator and at temperatures ranging from 0 to 140 °C, whereby the aqueous solution of the monomers, together with the initiator and an inert gas, are continuously fed to a kneader-mixer having at least two shafts which rotate parallel to the axis. A number of kneading and transport elements are situated on the shafts and deliver the substances, which are added at the entry to the kneader-mixer, in an axial direction to the end of the mixer. The inventive method is characterized in that the proportion of the heat dissipation effected by evaporating water out of the reaction mixture equals at least 5 % of the reaction heat, and the proportion of the heat dissipation effected by product discharge equals at least 25 % of the reaction heat, and the remaining heat dissipation is effected by cooling the reactor walls.

Apparatus, application and discontinuous process for carrying out an equilibrium reaction

Die Erfindung betrifft ein diskontinuierliches Verfahren zum Führen einer bei erhöhter Temperatur ablaufenden Gleichgewichtsreaktion eines zumindest bei Reaktionstemperatur flüssigen oder als Suspension vorliegenden Reaktionsgemisches, wobei zum Erreichen des Endumsatzes während der Reaktion ein Reaktionsprodukt aus dem Ansatz als gasförmige Phase entfernt werden muß. Um ohne thermische Schädigung der Produkte und ohne unerwünschte Neben- und Folgereaktionen eine größere Raum-Zeitausbeute als bei den bekannten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zu ermöglichen, wird vorgeschlagen, daß zum Entfernen dieses Reaktionsprodukts das Reaktionsgemisch während der Reaktion durch eine vom Reaktor getrennte Einrichtung (53) gefördert wird, in der das Reaktionsgemisch eine größere Flüssigkeits-Gas-Phasengrenzfläche als im Reaktor hat und durch die das Reaktionsgemisch kontinuierlich gefördert wird. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Vorrichtung zum diskontinuierlichen Herstellen von thermisch empfindlichen Produkten bei erhöhten Temperaturen mit einem Reaktor (1) und einer Heizeinrichtung (9). Um die genannte Aufgabe zu lösen, wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Heizeinrichtung als wenigstens ein außerhalb des Reaktors angeordneter, an diesen angeschlossener Wärmeüberträger ausgebildet ist und daß der Reaktor (1), eine Umwälzpumpe (13) und der Wärmeüberträger (9) in Reihe im Kreis geschaltet sind, und daß der Wärmeüberträger (9) derart ausgebildet, daß in ihm das Reaktionsgemisch eine größere Flüssigkeits-Gas-Phasengrenzfläche als im Reaktor hat. The invention relates to a batch process for carrying out an equilibrium reaction which takes place at elevated temperature of a reaction mixture which is at least liquid at the reaction temperature or in the form of a suspension, a reaction product having to be removed from the batch as a gaseous phase in order to achieve the final conversion during the reaction. In order to enable a greater space-time yield than in the known methods and devices ...

Method and apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin

用于催化剂制备的系统和方法

本发明提供了用于催化剂制备的技术。一种用于催化剂制备的系统可以包括搅拌器，所述搅拌器被设置在聚合催化剂罐内部并且被配置成将聚合催化剂和溶剂混合以产生聚合催化剂溶液。所述系统还可以包括加热系统，所述加热系统与所述聚合催化剂罐连接并且被配置成维持所述聚合催化剂溶液的温度高于阈值。所述系统还可以包括预接触器，所述预接触器被配置成从所述聚合催化剂罐接收包含活化剂和所述聚合催化剂溶液的进料流以产生催化剂络合物。所述系统还可以包括转送管线，所述转送管线被配置成将所述催化剂络合物从所述预接触器的出口转送到反应器中。

Apparatus for continuous production of emulsions

A continuous throughput endless loop reactor for polymerizing monomers formed by a material conveying conduit connected in an endless loop having spaced apart raw material inlet means and polymer output means in which the output volume can be controlled by a pressure sensitive element and in which a coolant line passes internally through the conduit preferably becoming near the output means. Reaction speed as well as thermal control is augmented by helical vanes of alternately pitch sections joining the coolant line and the interior walls of the conduit.

Patent JPS6317493B2

System and method for catalyst preparation

Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a threshold. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor.

System and method of producing catalyst

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: system comprises the first and the second reservoirs of the first and the second polymerization catalyst for storing the polymerization catalyst, the first and the second control valves of the first and the second catalyst for controlling the flow of the polymerization catalyst into a polymerization catalyst mixing/collecting vessel, a polymerization catalyst mixing/collecting tank comprising a stirrer located inside the mixing/collecting tank of the polymerization catalyst and configured to mix or dissolve a part or all of the first polymerization catalyst, the second polymerization catalyst, and a solvent to form a polymerization catalyst solution, a heating system connected to the polymerization catalyst mixing and collecting tank and configured to maintain the temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a predetermined threshold, a pre-contact reactor configured to receive feed streams, containing an activator and a polymerization catalyst solution from the mixing/collecting tank of the polymerization reactor to form a catalytic complex, and a conduit configured to transfer the catalytic complex from the outlet of the pre-contact reactor to the reactor. EFFECT: efficient production of the catalyst solution, reducing the transportation costs of the catalyst solution. 14 cl, 6 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 644 173 C2 (51) МПК B01J 19/18 (2006.01) C08F 2/01 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 19/18 (2017.08); C08F 2/01 (2017.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2015113933, 15.10.2013 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 08.02.2018 18.10.2012 US 13/655,024 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.12.2016 Бюл. № 34 (45) Опубликовано: 08.02.2018 Бюл. № 4 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: EP 1316566 A2, 04.06.2003. US 2005/ 0272891 A1, 08.12.2005. WO 2004/026455 A2, 01.04.2004. WO 2006/026493 A1, 09.03.2006. ...

Apparatus for continuously performing chemical reactions

Flow reactor of non-equilibrium open type

A flow reactor for liquid-phase polymerization reaction, which enables controlling the degree of polymerization for, for example, amino acid polymerization, wherein the liquid reaction mixture containing the organic reactive molecules to be polymerized is emitted from a high-temperature high-pressure part (A) to a low-temperature high-pressure part (B) via a circulation line (C), whereby inhibiting the decomposition of the polymer product in the low-temperature high-pressure part (B), after which the polymer product is once again sent to the high-temperature high-pressure part (A) through the circulation line for further polymerization, and the same cycle is repeated.

用于催化剂制备的系统和方法

本发明提供了用于催化剂制备的技术。一种用于催化剂制备的系统可以包括搅拌器，所述搅拌器被设置在聚合催化剂罐内部并且被配置成将聚合催化剂和溶剂混合以产生聚合催化剂溶液。所述系统还可以包括加热系统，所述加热系统与所述聚合催化剂罐连接并且被配置成维持所述聚合催化剂溶液的温度高于阈值。所述系统还可以包括预接触器，所述预接触器被配置成从所述聚合催化剂罐接收包含活化剂和所述聚合催化剂溶液的进料流以产生催化剂络合物。所述系统还可以包括转送管线，所述转送管线被配置成将所述催化剂络合物从所述预接触器的出口转送到反应器中。

Method and apparatus for manufacturing polymer particle

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing polymer particles. The present invention provides an apparatus and method that enables the manufacture of polymer particles the monodispersion whereof is excellent and physical properties whereof are uniform, including the degree of crosslinking and polymerization. The present invention also enables the effective manufacture of a particle that has either a high degree of crosslinking or a core cell or core-double cell structure and exhibits superior monodispersion within a desired particle diameter. In addition, in the present invention the repeatability of said manufacturing process of polymer particles may be kept superior. In addition, the present invention provides apparatus and method that enables to effectively control the particle diameter, shape, degree of crosslinking, degree of polymerization, structure, solid concentration of the polymerization solution, etc., according to the objective.

System and method for catalyst preparation

Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a threshold. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor.

System and method for catalyst preparation

Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a threshold. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor.

Sistema y metodo para la preparacion de catalizadores.

Se proporcionan técnicas para la preparación de catalizadores. Un sistema para la preparación de catalizadores puede incluir un agitador dispuesto dentro de un tanque de catalizador de polimerización y configurado para mezclar un catalizador de polimerización y un disolvente para generar una solución catalizadora de polimerización. El sistema también puede incluir un sistema de calentamiento acoplado al tanque de catalizador de polimerización y configurado para mantener una temperatura de la solución catalizadora de polimerización por encima de un umbral. El sistema también puede incluir un precontactor configurado para recibir corrientes de suministro que comprenden un activador y la solución catalizadora de polimerización del tanque de catalizador de polimerización para generar un complejo de catalizador. El sistema también puede incluir una tubería de transferencia configurada para transferir el complejo de catalizador de una salida del precontactor al reactor.

System and method for catalyst preparation

Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a level. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor.

System and method for catalyst preparation

Techniques are provided for catalyst preparation. A system for catalyst preparation may include an agitator disposed inside a polymerization catalyst tank and configured to mix a polymerization catalyst and a solvent to generate a polymerization catalyst solution. The system may also include a heating system coupled to the polymerization catalyst tank and configured to maintain a temperature of the polymerization catalyst solution above a threshold. The system may also include a precontactor configured to receive feed streams comprising an activator and the polymerization catalyst solution from the polymerization catalyst tank to generate a catalyst complex. The system may also include a transfer line configured to transfer the catalyst complex from an outlet of the precontactor to a reactor.

Sistema y metodo para la preparacion de catalizadores.

Se proporcionan técnicas para la preparación de catalizadores. Un sistema para la preparación de catalizadores puede incluir un agitador dispuesto dentro de un tanque de catalizador de polimerización y configurado para mezclar un catalizador de polimerización y un disolvente para generar una solución catalizadora de polimerización. El sistema también puede incluir un sistema de calentamiento acoplado al tanque de catalizador de polimerización y configurado para mantener una temperatura de la solución catalizadora de polimerización por encima de un umbral. El sistema también puede incluir un precontactor configurado para recibir corrientes de suministro que comprenden un activador y la solución catalizadora de polimerización del tanque de catalizador de polimerización para generar un complejo de catalizador. El sistema también puede incluir una tubería de transferencia configurada para transferir el complejo de catalizador de una salida del precontactor al reactor.

Process and apparatus for production of water-absorbent resin

There is disclosed a process to uniformly and rapidly carry out the mixing of a monomer liquid and a polymerization initiator and thus for the resulting polymer not to adhere to the inner surface of the piping or the inside of the apparatus in an art of producing a water-absorbent resin by continuously mixing the monomer liquid and the polymerization initiator together and thereby carrying out polymerization. This process comprises the steps of: (a) continuously supplying a monomer liquid 20 to such as a supply pipe 10 to continuously stir the monomer liquid 20 in the supply pipe 10 with such as a stirring apparatus 12 ; (b) causing a polymerization initiator 30 to join into a flow of the monomer liquid 20 being in a stirred state, thereby obtaining a mixed liquid 40 of the monomer liquid 20 and the polymerization initiator 30 ; and (c) continuously supplying the mixed liquid 40 from the supply pipe line 10 to a polymerization apparatus to cause the mixed liquid 40 to run a polymerization reaction.

Process and apparatus for production of water-absorbent resin

There is disclosed a process to uniformly and rapidly carry out the mixing of a monomer liquid and a polymerization initiator and thus for the resulting polymer not to adhere to the inner surface of the piping or the inside of the apparatus in an art of producing a water-absorbent resin by continuously mixing the monomer liquid and the polymerization initiator together and thereby carrying out polymerization. This process comprises the steps of: (a) continuously supplying a monomer liquid 20 to such as a supply pipe 10 to continuously stir the monomer liquid 20 in the supply pipe 10 with such as a stirring apparatus 12 ; (b) causing a polymerization initiator 30 to join into a flow of the monomer liquid 20 being in a stirred state, thereby obtaining a mixed liquid 40 of the monomer liquid 20 and the polymerization initiator 30 ; and (c) continuously supplying the mixed liquid 40 from the supply pipe line 10 to a polymerization apparatus to cause the mixed liquid 40 to run a polymerization reaction.

Method for preparing modified polymerization initiator and apparatus for preparing modified polymerization initiator

The present invention relates to a method for producing a modified polymerization initiator, and more particularly, to a method for preparing a modified polymerization initiator, wherein the method includes the steps of: (S 1 ) introducing a first fluid and a second fluid into a reactor, and reacting the compounds included in the fluids, and (S 2 ) obtaining the modified polymerization initiator prepared by the reaction of the step (S 1 ) through an outlet of the reactor, wherein the step (S 1 ) and step (S 2 ) are continuously performed, wherein in the step (S 1 ), the flow amount of the first fluid and the second fluid is maintained constant at the time when the first fluid and the second fluid are mixed, and the flow rate of the first fluid is increased. Also, the present invention provides an apparatus for producing a modified polymerization initiator for performing the same.

Process for the high-molecular-weight polymerization of lactams

A PROCESS AND APPARATUS ARE DISCLOSED FOR THE PREPARATION OF HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYMERIZATION PRODUCTS BY IONOGENIC CATALYTIC POLYMERIZATION OF LACTAMS, IN WHICH ONE PORTION OF THE MONOMER IS MIXED WITH A CATALYST AND ANOTHER PORTION WITH A PROMOTER FOR ACDELERATING THE POLYMERIZATION, AFTER WHICH THESE TWO COMPONENTS ARE MIXED IN THE LIQUID STATE AND INTRODUCED INTO A HEATED MOULD IN WHICH THE POLYMERIZATION TAKES PLACE.

[UNK]

Process and apparatus for the preparation of high-molecular-weight polymerization products

1,215,179. Polymerisation apparatus; mixing in conduits. STAMICARBON N.V. 16 Dec., 1968 [22 Dec., 1967], No. 59803/68. Headings B1C and B1X. An apparatus for producing moulded objects of polymerised lactams comprises a storage vessel 1, for lactam monomer, connected to mixing vessels 5 and 8, are being for lactam monomer with polymerisation catalyst and the other for lactam monomer with polymerisation accelerator, said vessels having heating elements 2, 11 and 14 and stirrers 9 and 12, and a tube 23 containing an inner conduit having apertures 27 through which the mixture from vessel 8 flows and an outer conduit directing the mixture from vessel 5 to a pipe 25 in which the two mixtures are mixed before flowing into a mould 28. In an alternative embodiment, Fig. 3, the tube section 23 connects tangentially with a vortex chamber 29 wherein mixing is effected before the mixture flows down pipe 25.

Device and method for making a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid

A device, comprising a conduit for an aqueous stream, a mixing tube located inside the conduit, having a static mixer inside the mixing tube, an outlet open to the conduit and an inlet, a sulphuric acid supply tube connected to the inlet of the mixing tube and a hydrogen peroxide supply tube, arranged inside the sulphuric acid supply tube and having an outlet for hydrogen peroxide at the inlet of said mixing tube, and a method, where an aqueous stream is passed through the conduit of the device, 85 to 98 % by weight sulphuric acid is introduced to the sulphuric acid supply tube of the device and 50 to 80 % by weight aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is introduced to the hydrogen peroxide supply tube of the device, provide a dilute aqueous solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid without a risk of exposing operating personnel to concentrated peroxomonosulphuric acid.

Apparatus and method for preparing polymer solutions

Apparatus and method for the on-site, continuous preparation of aqueous solutions of polymers, especially aqueous solutions of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, for use in secondary and tertiary oil recovery operations. The apparatus comprises a polymerization reactor and a post reactor. Successive batches of a pre-prepared reaction mixture are continuously fed into the polymerization reaction in a manner to form zones or layers in the reactor, each zone or layer comprising a reaction mixture which has reached a different stage or level of completion of the reaction than the zone or layer below and above it. The zones or layers are continuously moved through the polymerization reactor at a rate such that when a zone or layer reaches the outlet of the polymerization reactor, the reaction will have gone to substantial completion. The zones or layers are continuously conveyed from the polymerization reactor to the post reactor. Enroute to the post reactor, a polymer modifying agent is continuously introduced into the zones or layers from the polymerization reactor. A second reaction mixture is established in the post reactor in which the extent of the completeness of the reaction taking place in the post reactor varies from the inlet to the outlet thereof. The second reaction mixture is continuously moved through the post reactor at a flow rate such that the reaction will be substantially complete when the outlet of the post reactor is reached.

Method for preparing dilute polymer solutions

METHOD FOR PREPARING DILUTE POLYMER SOLUTIONS ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method for preparing dilute aqueous polymer solutions, especially dilute aqueous partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions, for use in secondary and tertiary oil recovery processes. The method comprises producing a concentrated polymer solution in a polymerization reactor and diluting the resulting gel-like, relatively high concentration polymer solution to obtain a free-flowing, relatively low concentration polymer solution by means of a staged dilution process. In each stage, an aqueous diluent is combined with the polymer solution to produce a nonuniform mixture which is maintained in a vessel in a quiescent state until the mixture becomes uniform. The stages are repeated as many times as necessary until the free-flowing, relatively low concentration polymer solution is obtained.

Apparatus and method for preparing polymer solutions

ABSTRACT Apparatus and method for the on-site, continuous preparation of aqueous solutions of polymers, especially aqueous solutions of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, for use in secondary and tertiary oil recovery operations. The apparatus comprises a polymerization reactor and a post reactor. Successive batches of a pre-prepared reaction mixture are continuously fed into the polymerization reaction in a manner to form zones or layers in the reactor, each zone or layer comprising a reaction mixture which has reached a different stage or level of completion of the reaction than the zone or layer below and above it. The zones or layers are continuously moved through the polymerization reactor at a rate such that when a zone or layer reaches the outlet of the polymerization reactor, the reaction will have gone to substantial completion. The zones or layers are continuously conveyed from the polymerization reactor to the post reactor. Enroute to the post reactor, a polymer modifying agent is continuously introduced into the zones or layers from the polymerization reactor. A second reaction mixture is established in the post reactor in which the extent of the completeness of the reaction taking place in the post reactor varies from the inlet to the outlet thereof. The second reaction mixture is continuously moved through the post reactor at a flow rate such that the reaction will be substantially complete when the outlet of the post reactor is reached.

一种应用于种子法制备丙烯酸酯微乳液的系统

本发明涉及一种应用于种子法制备丙烯酸酯微乳液的系统，能够在滴液反应釜的滴液件上实施全滴法滴液时，可选择性滴加其中一种或任意组合的溶液，有利于满足全滴法中不同的滴液需求；而且分别通过A、B、C、D、E搅拌反应釜对不同组分的溶液通过搅拌，有利于制备产物的均一性、稳定性。通过上述设置，能够大大提高全滴法生产微乳液的效率，而且有利于获得状态更加稳定的制备产物。

반응장치

본 발명은 강제 순환되는 쉘 및 튜브 열교환 반응기는 액체-액체, 기체-액체 및 기체-액체-고체의 발열 반응에 열전달 및 질량 이동을 개선시키는데 사용된다. 본 발명은 반응기는 생산성 및 선택성을 향상시킨다.

Spinning disc reactor

본 발명은 스피닝 디스크 반응장치에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 반응기내에 동일한 회전축을 중심으로 여러 단의 스피닝 디스크를 수직배열로 구비하여 반응물의 전환율과 반응수율을 크게 향상시키고, 반응성이 우수하여 중합반응, 에테르화 반응 등에 사용하기에 적합한 스피닝 디스크 장치에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a spinning disk reaction apparatus, and more particularly, to a plurality of stages of spinning disks in a vertical arrangement around the same rotation axis in the reactor, thereby greatly improving the conversion and reaction yield of the reactants, and having excellent reactivity. And spinning disk devices suitable for use in etherification reactions and the like. 중합반응, 에테르화 반응, 스피닝 디스크, 다단 디스크 Polymerization, etherification, spinning disc, multi-stage disc

一种微丝接触反应器和一种烷基化反应方法

本发明提供了一种微丝接触反应器，包括垂直设置的第一筒体和水平设置的第二筒体，第一筒体的底部为密封，第一筒体内沿纵向间隔设置有多根管道，管道内沿纵向设置有微丝束，管道密封穿过第一筒体的底部和第二筒体的上壁并向下延伸至第二筒体的内部空间中，管道的下端具有开口将第二筒体的内部空间与管道的内部空间连通，第一筒体上设置有物料入口、冷却介质入口和冷却介质出口，物料入口的设置位置使得物料能够进入管道中，冷却介质入口的设置位置使得冷却介质能够进入管道之间的空间，第二筒体上设置有至少一个物料出口。本发明还提供了使用该反应器的烷基化反应方法，该方法极大地降低了液体酸的消耗量和操作能耗。

Centrifugal mass-exchange apparatus for liquid-liquid systems

FIELD: physics.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to centrifugal mass exchange apparatus for performing processes complicated by chemical transformations in liquid-liquid systems. Apparatus comprises housing, means for chemical agents input, means for receiving agents, rotor, shaped cover directly attached to drive shaft, means for input and output of heat-carrying agent or coolant, and means for reaction products output. One of the means for chemical agents input consists in form of centrifugal nozzle with nozzle, outlet section of which is placed with clearance relative to rotor bottom, which is 20–50 diameters of outlet nozzle.EFFECT: more compact, safe, reliable when using intended device design is created, providing increased technological efficiency, operational capabilities and convenience, receipt of homogeneous disperse system of target product is guaranteed due to creation of optimized conditions for introduction of one of chemical agents, excluding need to increase residence time of dispersion system in apparatus and use of additional stirring elements in processes of liquid-liquid systems, especially those complicated by chemical transformations.1 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 663 038 C1 (51) МПК B01J 8/10 (2006.01) B01J 14/00 (2006.01) B01F 5/00 (2006.01) B01F 7/16 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 8/10 (2018.05); B01J 14/00 (2018.05); B01F 5/00 (2018.05); B01F 7/16 (2018.05) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017142070, 01.12.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 01.08.2018 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем химико-энергетических технологий Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук (ИПХЭТ СО РАН) (RU) (45) Опубликовано: 01.08.2018 Бюл. № 22 Адрес для переписки: 659322, Алтайский край, г. Бийск, ул. Социалистическая, 1, ИПХЭТ СО РАН (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете ...

Method for preparing dilute polymer solutions

A method for preparing dilute aqueous polymer solutions, especially dilute aqueous partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solutions, for use in secondary and tertiary oil recovery processes, comprises producing a concentrated polymer solution in a polymerization reactor and diluting the resulting gel-like polymer solution of relatively high concentration to obtain a free-flowing polymer solution of relatively low concentration by means of a staged dilution process. In each stage, an aqueous diluent is combined with the polymer solution to produce a nonuniform mixture which is maintained in a vessel in a quiescent state until the mixture becomes uniform. The stages are repeated as many times as necessary until the free- flowing polymer solution of relatively low concentration is obtained.

Sistema de injeção de catalisador multiestágio para um reator de polimerização de olefinas

esta divulgação se refere a um método e um aparelho para a distribuição de um catalisador de polimerização de olefina multicomponentes para um reator de polimerização. o aparelho compreende: um primeiro duto de distribuição de componente de catalisador; um segundo duto de distribuição de componente de catalisador que está disposto dentro do primeiro duto de distribuição de componente de catalisador; um primeiro duto de mistura dos componentes de catalisador; um terceiro duto de distribuição de componente de catalisador que está disposto dentro do primeiro duto de mistura dos componentes de catalisador; um segundo duto de mistura dos componentes de catalisador compreendendo uma seção a montante e uma seção a jusante, a seção a jusante terminando dentro do reator de polimerização; e um duto de distribuição de diluente; o primeiro e o segundo dutos de distribuição de componente de catalisador sendo cada um aberto e coterminando no primeiro duto de mistura dos componentes de catalisador; o primeiro duto de mistura de componentes do catalisador e o terceiro duto de distribuição de componente de catalisador sendo cada um aberto e coterminando na seção a montante do segundo duto de mistura dos componentes de catalisador; e o duto de distribuição de diluente terminando na seção a jusante do segundo duto de mistura dos componentes de catalisador.

Foam composition for neutralization of malodorants during interphase catalysis

FIELD: foam compositions.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of foam compositions used to neutralize malodorants on surfaces and in solutions. The task is solved by creating a foam composition based on an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite “Bleach”, a catalyst for interphase transfer - dimethylalkyl (C8-C18) benzylammonium chloride “Catamine AB”, a cocatalyst - methanesulfonic acid and a foaming agent, a surfactant - a product of treating a mixture of mono- and dialkylphenols with ethylene oxide (“OP-10”). Aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite “Bleach” is the main component of neutralizing malodorants. The interphase transfer catalyst “Catamine AB” ensures the transfer of the anion into the organic phase, which enables the process of neutralization of malodorants outside the interphase boundary.EFFECT: creation of a foam composition for concealing and neutralizing malodorants for further use in eliminating the consequences of accidents at chemically hazardous facilities, as well as at places of emergency spillage.1 cl, 1 tbl РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 748 420 C1 (51) МПК B01J 14/00 (2006.01) A62D 3/30 (2007.01) C11D 1/66 (2006.01) B01J 27/24 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 14/00 (2021.02); A62D 3/30 (2021.02); C11D 1/66 (2021.02); B01J 27/24 (2021.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2020124685, 15.07.2020 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 25.05.2021 (45) Опубликовано: 25.05.2021 Бюл. № 15 2 7 4 8 4 2 0 R U (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 2490311 C1, 20.08.2013. RU 2318864 C1, 10.03.2008. SU 833291 A1, 30.05.1981. RU 2290208 C2, 27.12.2006. US 0006376436 B1, 23.04.2002. US 5310479 A1, 10.05.1994. (54) ПЕННЫЙ СОСТАВ ДЛЯ НЕЙТРАЛИЗАЦИИ МАЛОДОРАНТОВ В УСЛОВИЯХ МЕЖФАЗНОГО КАТАЛИЗА (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к области пенных Водный раствор гипохлорита натрия «Белизна» составов, применяемых для нейтрализации ...

制备聚合物粒子的装置和制备聚合物粒子的方法

本发明涉及一种制备聚合物粒子的装置和一种制备聚合物粒子的方法。本发明提供一种装置和方法，通过该装置和方法可以有效地制备具有优异的单分散性和均匀的物理性能如均匀的交联度和聚合度的聚合物粒子。在本发明中，还可以有效地制备具有优异的单分散性和所需要的粒径的粒子，该粒子还具有高交联度或者核-壳或核-双壳结构。此外，在本发明中，用于制备所述聚合物粒子的方法可重现性优越。另外，本发明提供一种装置及其方法，根据预期用途，该装置可以有效地控制粒径、形状、交联度、聚合度或者结构，以及聚合物溶液的固含量的浓度等。

Method for preparing polymer solutions

A method for the on-site continuous preparation of aqueous solutions of polymers, especially aqueous solutions of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, for use in secondary and tertiary oil recovery processes. The method utilizes an apparatus comprised of a polymerization reactor and a post polymerization reactor. Successive batches of an initiated reaction mixture are sequentially fed into the polymerization reactor in discrete volumes. The volumes are moved through the polymerization reactor at a rate such that when a volume reaches the outlet of the polymerization reactor, the reaction will have gone to substantial completion. The resulting polymer solution is withdrawn from the polymerization reactor and continuously conveyed to the post polymerization reactor. Enroute dilution water and a polymer modifying agent are continuously introduced into the polymer solution to form a second reaction mixture. The second reaction mixture is continuously moved through the post polymerization reactor at a flow rate such that the reaction will be substantially complete when the mixture reaches the reactor outlet.

Apparatus for manufacture of organic isocyanates

Organic isocyanate compounds can be prepared with surprising efficiency by (a) continuously feeding to a suitable high-shear reaction zone an amine solution and a phosgene/isocyanate solution in specified proportions; (b) mixing the solutions under certain conditions of shear, pressure, and temperature while continuously moving them through the high-shear reaction zone until substantially all the amine has reacted with the mixture; (c) continuously removing the mixed and reacted material from the reaction zone (followed if desired by allowing the material to undergo further reaction while flowing to an isocyanate isolation means and/or recycling through the high-shear reaction zone); and (d) isolating isocyanate compound from the resulting material. An apparatus having beneficial utility in carrying out this process comprises a mixer which provides not only the inlet and outlet characteristics needed for a fast and efficient operation, but also an annular high-shear mixing zone formed between the tubular inner wall of a cylindrical vessel and the outer ends of the blades of a coaxial rotor rotating therein.

多组分同时滴液的滴液件

本发明涉及一种多组分同时滴液的滴液件，包括滴液件本体和滴液件本体下侧设置的滴液孔，滴液件本体内至少设置有相互隔绝的A液腔和B液腔，滴液孔包括A滴液孔和B滴液孔，A滴液孔与A液腔相连通连接，B滴液孔与B液腔相连通连接。本发明提供的多组分同时滴液的滴液件，通过在滴液件本体内至少设置相互隔绝的A液腔和B液腔，并通过A滴液孔与A液腔相连通连接，B滴液孔与B液腔相连通连接，从而能够实现至少两种不同组分的溶液同时滴液，进而提高全滴法生产微乳液的效率。

Получение диоксида хлора

1. Способ преобразования двух химических веществ для получения диоксида хлора, включающий: реакцию 7,5-25% по массе водного раствора хлорита натрия с 55-75% по массе водной серной кислоты в реакционной камере, имеющей размеры, позволяющие водному раствору хлорита натрия и водной серной кислоте реагировать в течение приблизительно от 5 секунд до приблизительно 300 секунд для образования реакционной смеси, содержащей диоксид хлора, в которой 75% или больше иона хлорита в растворе хлорита натрия преобразуется в диоксид хлора.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что реакционная смесь, содержащая диоксид хлора, в которой более 85% иона хлорита в растворе хлорита натрия преобразуется в диоксид хлора, когда используются концентрации водного раствора хлорита натрия 7,5-10% по массе.3. Способ по п.1, кроме того, включающий: разбавление концентрированной серной кислоты водой до 55-75% по массе и охлаждение разбавленной водной серной кислоты для удаления теплоты реакции и использование охлажденной водной серной кислоты 55-75% по массе на этапе реакции.4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что водный раствор хлорита натрия и водная серная кислота контактируют в течение приблизительно от 30 секунд до приблизительно 60 секунд.5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что длительное время хранения реакционной смеси перед разбавлением реакционной смеси водой не приводит к значительной потере полученного диоксида хлора при реакции с водой с образованием хлората.6. Способ получения диоксида хлора, включающий: введение водного раствора хлорита натрия и водной серной кислоты по отдельности в реактор как единственные составляющие и реакцию водного хлорита натр� РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2011 147 711 A (51) МПК C05B 11/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2011147711/05, 10.08.2009 (71) Заявитель(и): БСР ЭНВАЙРОНМЕНТАЛ КОРПОРЭЙШН (US) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 28.04.2009 US 61/173,442 (85) Дата ...

Method for preparing modified polymerization initiator and apparatus for preparing modified polymerization initiator

본 발명은 변성 개시제의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 제1 작용기 함유 화합물을 포함하는 제1 유체 유입구와 제2 작용기 함유 화합물을 포함하는 제2 유체 유입구를 구비한 반응기 내에, 제1 유체 유입구로 제1 유체를 투입하고, 제2 유체 유입구로 제2 유체를 투입하여, 제1 작용기 함유 화합물 및 제2 작용기 함유 화합물을 반응시키는 단계(S1); 및 상기 (S1) 단계의 반응으로 제조된 변성 개시제를 상기 반응기에 구비된 유출구로 수득하는 단계(S2)를 포함하고, 상기 (S1) 단계 및 (S2) 단계는 연속적으로 실시되며, 상기 (S1) 단계에서, 상기 제1 유체와 제2 유체가 혼합되는 시점의 제1 유체 및 제2 유체의 유량은 일정하게 유지되고, 제1 유체의 유속은 증가되는 것인 변성 개시제 제조방법 및 이를 실시하기 위한 변성 개시제 제조장치를 제공한다. The present invention relates to a method for preparing a modified initiator, and more particularly, in a reactor having a first fluid inlet containing a first functional group-containing compound and a second fluid inlet containing a second functional group-containing compound, a first fluid Injecting a first fluid into an inlet and a second fluid into a second fluid inlet to react the first functional group-containing compound and the second functional group-containing compound (S1); And a step (S2) of obtaining a modified initiator prepared by the reaction of step (S1) through an outlet provided in the reactor, wherein steps (S1) and (S2) are continuously performed, and the (S1) In step), the flow rate of the first fluid and the second fluid at the time when the first fluid and the second fluid are mixed are kept constant, and the flow rate of the first fluid is increased. It provides a modified initiator manufacturing apparatus for.

Liquid phase reacting method by tubular shape reactor

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

反应器和利用这种反应器的烷基化反应方法

本发明提供了一种用于至少两种液态物料的反应器，包括：封闭式的反应器壳体；进料管，其具有用于分别接受各液态物料的相应入口；分配管，其与进料管连通并延伸到反应器壳体内，并且在延伸到反应器壳体内的区域中设有若干分配孔；空心柱体形式的旋转床，其通过固定机构安装于反应器壳体内，从而将反应器壳体的内腔分成中心区和外侧区，旋转床能够在驱动机构的带动下旋转；以及设于反应器壳体的下部的用于输出反应后物料的出料口。其中，分配管与旋转床的内表面间隔开地伸入到中心区内，使得物料能够从中心区穿过旋转床而进入外侧区，并且经由出料口输出。

Device and method for production of diluted water solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to device and method of production of diluted water solution of peroximonosulphuric acid. Device contains channel for water flow, mixing tube, located inside channel and provided with static mixer, placed inside it, output, open into channel, and input, tube for sulphuric acid supply, connected to input of mixing tube, and tube for supply of hydrogen peroxide, located inside tube for supply of sulphuric acid and provided with output for hydrogen peroxide, located near input of mixing tube. Method consists in the following: water flow is passed through device channel, sulphuric acid in concentration from 85 to 98 wt % is introduced into tube for sulphuric acid supply, and water solution of hydrogen peroxide in concentration from 50 to 80 wt % is introduced into tube for supply of hydrogen peroxide. EFFECT: safe production of diluted water solution of peroxomonosulphuric acid and cost reduction. 2 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 564 333 C1 (51) МПК B01J 14/00 (2006.01) B01J 19/24 (2006.01) C01B 15/06 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2014115415/05, 19.09.2012 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 19.09.2012 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (72) Автор(ы): СТИЗЕЛ Питер (NZ), ТАУНСЕНД Даррен (NZ), БАРРАТТ Томас (NZ) 21.09.2011 EP 11182103.9 (45) Опубликовано: 27.09.2015 Бюл. № 27 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 21.04.2014 (86) Заявка PCT: EP 2012/068391 (19.09.2012) 2 5 6 4 3 3 3 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 5439663 A, 08.08.1995. WO 92/07791 A1, 14.05.1992. US 2789954 A, 23.04.1957. SU 585236 A1, 25.12.1977 R U (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЭВОНИК ДЕГУССА ГМБХ (DE) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: 2 5 6 4 3 3 3 R U Адрес для переписки: 105082, Москва, Спартаковский пер., д. 2, стр. 1, секция 1, этаж 3, "ЕВРОМАРКПАТ" (54) УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ...

Device and system for processing chemical reaction

本文公开了用于处理诸如聚合物合成的化学反应的组合物、方法和系统。