ТОПЛИВНЫЕ БАЛЛОНЧИКИ ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к топливным элементам, а именно к источникам топлива для топливных элементов. Техническим результатом изобретения является обеспечение легкой замены и перезаправки источника топлива. Согласно изобретению источниками топлива могут быть баллончики под давлением или не под давлением, которые могут использоваться с любыми топливными элементами, включая в том числе топливный элемент непосредственно на метаноле или топливный элемент на продукте риформинга. В одном аспекте источник топлива может содержать реакционную камеру для преобразования топлива в водород. Кроме того, источники топлива могут содержать насос. Источник топлива может иметь клапан, подсоединяющий источник топлива к топливному элементу, и выпускное отверстие для выпуска газа из топливного элемента. Раскрыты также способы формования различных источников топлива. 11 н. и 27 з.п. ф-лы, 11 ил.

ТОПЛИВНЫЕ БАЛЛОНЧИКИ ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Источник топлива, содержащий топливо для использования топливным элементом, содержащий: наружный корпус, в который заключены топливное отделение, содержащее топливо, отделение для реагентов и реакционная камера, причем топливо передается в реакционную камеру и реагирует с образованием реагентов, содержащих газообразный водород и жидкий реагент, после чего реагенты передаются в отделение для реагентов, и при этом отделение для реагентов удерживает жидкий реагент, а газообразный водород проходит из отделения для реагентов в топливный элемент. 2. Источник топлива, содержащий топливо для использования топливным элементом, содержащий наружный корпус, в который заключены топливное отделение, содержащее топливо, отделение для реагентов и реакционная камера, причем топливо передается в реакционную камеру и реагирует с образованием реагентов, содержащих газообразный водород и жидкий реагент, после чего газообразный водород передается в топливный элемент, а жидкий реагент передается в отделение ...

Устройство для проведения газофазных реакций по меньшей мере двух газов

Изобретение относится к устройствам для проведения газофазных реакций и позволяет повысить производительность и упростить конструкцию. Устройство содержит камеру с патрубком для подачи одного из газов и закрепленными одним концом трубками, другой конец которых закреплен в камере смешения. При этом некоторые из труб выполнены с кольцевыми сужениями, размещенными на одном уровне и образующими между собой распределительный канал, соединенный с патрубком для ввода другого газа и межтрубным пространством. 3 з.п.ф-лы, 7 ил.

VORRICHTUNG ZUR ABGABE VON WIRKSTOFFEN DURCH OSMOSE UND VERFAHREN ZU DEREN HERSTELLUNG

Reaktor zur Durchführung rascher stark exothermer Reaktionen und dessen Verwendung

The invention relates to a tube bundle reactor (1) for rapid highly exothermic reactions, consisting of a reactor housing (2) with a bundle (3) of tubes (6) as a reaction zone, said tubes being optionally interconnected radially in relation to their longitudinal extension, eduction pipes (4, 11), a product outlet (12) and a heat exchanger (5). The invention is characterised in that said eduction pipes (4) are configured as pipelines (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) which are arranged in the tubes (6) of the bundle (3) and which are provided with a plurality of openings (7), said openings (7) in the pipelines (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) being spread over the entire length of or a section of the length of the reaction zone.

Process and apparatus for generating CO2 by fermentation of a sugar solution and for enrichment of aquarium water therewith

The invention "Process and apparatus for generating CO2 gas by fermentation of a sugar solution and for enriching aquarium water therewith" makes possible, with optimal utilisation of the sugar to be fermented, a long-term uniform CO2 generation by fermentation at a low level and an enrichment of the aquarium water in accordance with the CO2 requirement with a high degree of utilisation of the CO2 gas generated by a diffusion apparatus having a metering apparatus which is simple to handle. The CO2 gas generated in a fermentation vessel is dissolved in the aquarium water in this case by means of a diffusion apparatus having diffusion chambers arranged one above the other in the manner of a cascade, the amount of CO2 to be brought into solution in the aquarium water being dosed, in the case of continuously flowing gas, by connection and disconnection of the diffusion chambers. The CO2 gas introduced into one of the diffusion chambers rises from chamber to chamber according to their overflows ...

Oxidationsreaktor mit differentiellem Druckverlust sowie seine Verwendung.

POROESE ANODISCHE ALUMINIUMOXIDMEMBRANE ALS KATALYSATORTRAEGER.

Appts. for vaporising liq.

Appts. for vaporising a liq. consists of a heatable container with inlet and outlet and internal wall (3) made of a porous material. The outer wall (1) is gas and liq. impermeable. The inlet and outlet to the container have porous membranes (3,4).

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Oxyden

Controlled dosing device for toilet flush water or other applications

Controlled dosing device for toilet flush water or other applications

“System of continuous release of the vitamin has in feed water”.

System for continuos liberation of vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water.

The invention provides an apparatus allowing continuos and regular liberation of an active principle, ...

LIBERATION OF VITAMIN INTO DRINKING WATER

Device of introduction of a gas into a liquid.

LIBERATION OF VITAMIN INTO DRINKING WATER

FUEL ASSEMBLIES FOR GAS CELLS AND MANUFACTURING PROCESSES FOR IT

ELEMENT WITH PERMEABLER WALL.

DELIVERY DEVICE FOR THE RELEASE OF ZEROTH ORDER OF AN ACTIVE SUBSTANCE INTO A SOLVING LIQUID, AS WELL AS PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PRODUCTION.

WITH ACTIVE SUBSTANCE LOAD BIOLOGICAL DEGRADABLE SUBSTRATES, WHICH ARE SUITABLE WITH THE HELP OF A DIAPHRAGM TO STEERED RELEASE OF THE ACTIVE SUBSTANCE.

PROCEDURES FOR SETTING A MEDICINE OF MEANS FREE A IN AN APPLICATION ENVIRONMENT PRODUCED SHOWER ACTIVITY.

PROCEDURE AND REACTOR FOR THE AUTO+THERMAL DEHYDROGENIERUNG OF HYDROCARBONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE DISTANCE OF OXYGEN FROM AQUEOUS MONOMER SOLUTIONS

REACTOR TO FOR THE EXECUTION OF GASEOUS PHASE/CLIQUID PHASE/CFIXED PHASE REACTIONS AS WELL AS PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF SUCH REACTIONS USING THE SAME

LAMO 3-TYP CONNECTION, WHEREBY M IS ALUMINUM, GALLIUM OR INDIUM, IN PULVERODER SINTER FORM TO ITS PRODUCTION AND ITS USE AS OXYGEN LEADERS

Method and apparatus for optimizing gas-liquid contact

Ceramic/metal composite article, composite structure for transporting oxide ion,and composite article having sealing property

OSMOTICALLY DRIVEN DISPENSER AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME

OSMOTICALLY DRIVEN DISPENSER AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME

Method and reactor for autothermal dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons

OSMOTICALLY DRIVEN ACTIVE AGENT DISPENSER AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME

TITLE: OSMOTICALLY DRIVEN ACTIVE AGENT DISPENSER AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME An osmotically driven dispenser for releasing active agents, such as drugs, to liquid-containing environments, such as various body sites. The dispenser comprises a housing made from a semipermeable material, a flexible partition that divides the housing interior into two compartments, an initially nonflowable, osmotically effective active agent composition filling one of the compartments, an osmotically effective composition filling the other compartment, and an outlet passageway extending through the housing to the active agent-containing compartment. In operation liquid is imbibed from the environment through the housing into both compartments, thereby converting the active agent composition to a flowable form and causing the flexible partition to displace into the active agent-containing compartment and force active agent therefrom via the outlet passageway. The release rate of active agent from the dispenser ...

LAMINATE DEVICE FOR CONTROLLED AND PROLONGED RELEASE OF SUBSTANCES TO AN AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT

LAMINATE DEVICE FOR CONTROLLED AND PROLONGED RELEASE OF SUBSTANCES TO AN AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT Laminate device for the controlled and prolonged release of at least one active agent to an ambient environment comprising at least one core sheet, said core sheet or sheets comprising said agent or agents in a polymer matrix, and, in a preferred embodiment, a porosity enhancing agent in admixture with said agent; said core sheet or sheets being alternately sandwiched or interposed between coextensive inert polymeric films substantially impermeable to said environment and to said agent or agents, said device being perforated by one or a plurality of macroholes extending through said sheets and said films. In a modification of said device the perimeter edge thereof is coated by an inert polymeric film substantially impermeable to said environment and to said agent or agents. Also included are methods for making such a device.

PROCEDE, REACTEUR D'OXYDATION D'UNE CHARGE OXYDABLE EN PHASE GAZEUSE ET SON UTILISATION

L'invention décrit une nouvelle technique d'oxydation d'une charge oxydable en phase gazeuse. On met en contact selon le procédé, un mélange de gaz contenant au moins un gaz oxydant et une charge oxydable dans une zone de mise en contact et de mélange située entre au moins une première zone parcourue par la charge et au moins une seconde zone parcourue par les produits réactionnels d'oxydation ainsi obtenus, les première et seconde zones définissant une multiplicité d'espaces présentant des passages ayant, suivant au moins une direction, une dimension au plus égalé à la distance de coincement de la flamme pouvant résulter de l'oxydation de la charge, la zone de mise en contact comprenant une zone d'alimentation en mélange oxydant qui comporte une pluralité de conduits parallèles a parois poreuses et qui est située à une distance de la première zone et de la seconde zone au plus égale à la distance de coincement.

METHOD OF AND AN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POROUS PLASTICS

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF OPERANT PAR VOIE DE FLAMME POUR LA FABRICATION DE GAZ DE SYNTHESE

Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de gaz de synthèse par combustion d'un carburant en atmosphère présentant un défaut de comburant, ledit comburant étant gazeux. Le dispositif comporte des premiers moyens d'introduction du carburant et d'une partie du comburant dans un réacteur. La partie du comburant introduite par lesdits premiers moyens étant insufisante pour réaliser la conversion complète du carburant, il comporte en outre des deuxièmes moyens d'introduction d'une deuxième partie du comburant dans le réacteur, ces deuxièmes moyens comportant au moins une paroi poreuse, permettant d'introduire la quantité de comburant nécessaire pour réaliser la conversion complète et permettant d'oxyder les suies qui y sont accrochées.

LIPID OSMOTIC PUMP

EXOTHERMIC PROCESS WITH POROUS MEANS TO CONTROL REACTION RATE AND EXOTHERMIC HEAT

An exothermic process for forming a product which may be in a liquid phase is disclosed wherein a first reactant (3), preferably a liquid reactant, is directly fed into a reaction zone (10) containing mounting elements (12, 58) and which comprises a first compartment (10) of a reactor (2, 40). A second reactant, which is maintained at a higher pressure, is fed into a second compartment (20) of the reactor (2, 40) separated from the first compartment (10) by a porous wall (32, 52). The second reactant (4) passes through this porous wall (32, 52) into the reaction zone to react with the first reactant (3). The process thereby controls rates of the reactions and the exothermic heats generated by the reactions. Pulsatile flow in one or both reaction compartments improves mixing. An evaporator for a portion of the production improves product quality and permits higher reaction temperatures in the reactor.

POLYMERISATION REACTOR AND POLYMERISATION PROCESS

A continuous static polymerisation reactor for the production of liquid polymers comprises an elongated hollow reaction chamber (30) which has a porous wall (31) and a jacket means (40) spaced around the reaction chamber (30), which is provided with means (44) for introducing a fluid through the porous wall (31). The reactor is particularly useful for a process for making liquid polymers by condensing monomers and/or oligomers. It comprising the use of a pressurised gas to cause the reaction mixture to reach a foam-like consistency. This is beneficial in the condensation polymerisation. Feeding a fluid through the porous wall into the reaction chamber avoids build up of the polymer on the wall.

INDUSTRIAL PROCESS TO MANUFACTURE AROMATIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

A process that involves liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of a mono- or poly-substituted alkyl aromatic compound comprises (i) microdispersion of air in the reactor at a pressure between 15 and 25 atmospheres and at a rate between 200 and 500 kg/sec.m2; and (ii) recycling the catalyst by evaporation of the purge that contains it and leaching the resulting paste with distilled water at 20-40.degree. C to dissolve the catalyst separating it from the rest of the components. Aromatic carboxylic acids are basic products used in a large number of industrial fields.

BY OSMOSE DEVICE OPERATED FOR THE DELIVERY OF AN ACTIVE SUBSTANCE AND A PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PRODUCTION.

DEVICE TO THE DELIVERY FROM ACTIVE SUBSTANCES BY OSMOSE AND PROCEDURES TO THEIR PRODUCTION.

Method of producing an active substance dispenser acting on the osmosis principle

An osmotically active formulation containing an active substance is shaped to give a solid composition, the core (13, 22). A depression (15, 23) is formed in the core (13, 22). The depression (15, 23) can be formed after or simultaneously with the deformation of the formulation to give the core (13, 22). The depression (15, 23) is so wide and so deep that it remains uncoated, at least partially, when a semipermeable material (16) is sprayed on. This provides a device having a wall of a semipermeable material (16) surrounding the core (13, 22). At the point of the depression (15, 23) the wall contains a passage opening for the active substance. ...

BY OSMOSE OPERATE-CASH DELIVERY DEVICE.

ACCORDING TO THE OSMOSE PRINCIPLE WORKING DEVICE FOR THE DELIVERY OF AN ACTIVE SUBSTANCE.

Appliance for the endothermal decomposition of water

It contains, in a furnace (28) having an inner chamber sealed in an airtight manner in a unit (38), a multiplicity of butted flat cells made of porous, refractory material in each of which there is a meandering duct. Said duct is coated with a membrane (14) which is hydrogen permeable. When a hydrogen-containing hot gas mixture is passed through, the hydrogen (H2) passes through the membrane (14) into the furnace interior where it is collected and from which it is discharged. The appliance makes it possible to filter out large amounts of hydrogen in a small appliance volume. ...

PROCEDURE FOR THE NONPOROUS FEED OF GASEOUS REACTANTS INTO A REACTION MEDIUM.

BY OSMOSE EFFECTIVE ONE DELIVERY DEVICE.

OSMOTIC CAP.

Permeable tubular membrane holding moving medium - transfers material to or from transversely flowing fluid medium

Material is transferred to or from a first medium flowing on a container from a second medium in a length of flexible tubing with a permeable outer surface. The tubing is a polymer such as silicone fluorinated polymer, polypropylene or PVDF, and may have a modified surface e.g. made hydrophobic. Between inlet and outlet ends for the first medium, the tubing is supported on spatially fixed mounts. Between successive supports the tide is freely mobile and includes at least one section inclined at 10 deg. or more to flowing first media. The tubing (4) holding the second medium may have a companion tube similarly spanning the container and holding a further medium for exhange with the first median. Similarly, the compared tube may hold a flowing heat source for tempering the exhange process. USE/ADVANTAGE - Esp. for bioreactors, providing transfer of nutrients and/or gaseous by-prods. such as CO2 or NH3. Easily cleaned elements are readily replaceable, and without risk of damage to sensitive ...

MATERIAL EXCHANGE DEVICE.

Electrochemical reactor cell for reacting oxygen-consuming gas with oxygen-containing gas

Automatic material-discharging apparatus for reaction kettle

COMPOSE OF TYPE LAMO3, MR. BEING ALUMINIUM, GALLIUM OR INDIUM, IN FORM POWDERS OR FORM FRITTEE, ITS METHOD OF PREPARATION AND ITS USE AS an OXYGEN DRIVER

METHOD, OXIDATION REACTOR OF A LOAD OXIDIZABLE GAS PHASE AND USE THEREOF

Diffusion device for apparatuses intended for the treatment of liquids

CAPSULE OSMOTIQUE POUR L'APPORT DE SUBSTANCES ACTIVES A UN MILIEU ENVIRONNANT

CAPSULE OSMOTIQUE 30 POUR L'APPORT D'UNE FORMULE D'UN AGENT (SUBSTANCE ACTIVE) A UN MILIEU ENVIRONNANT. CETTE CAPSULE COMPREND UNE PAROI SEMI-PERMEALABLE EXTERNE 34 ENTOURANT UNE PAROI DE CAPSULE INTERNE 33 AVEC LAQUELLE ELLE EST STRATIFIEE, PAROI INTERNE QUI EST FORMEE D'UNE COMPOSITION POLYMERE DIFFERENTE DE CELLE DE LA PAROI EXTERNE, ET CES PAROIS DELIMITENT UN ESPACE INTERNE 32 CONTENANT LA FORMULE DE L'AGENT, EN PARTICULIER UNE FORMULE DE MEDICAMENT. UN PASSAGE 37 A TRAVERS LES PAROIS RELIE L'INTERIEUR DE LA CAPSULE AU MILIEU EXTERIEUR POUR L'APPORT DE L'AGENT.

Diffusion of hydrogen into pressurised water - using palladium based selectively permeable barrier

Process, reactor for gas-phase oxidation of an oxidisable feedstock and its use

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR the ENCAPSULATION IN the ERYTHROCYTES Of AT LEAST a SUBSTANCE HAVE ACTIVITY BIOLOGICAL, IN PARTICULAR EFFECTOR ALLOSTERIQUES OF HAEMOGLOBIN AND ERYTHROCYTES THUS OBTAINED

Method for oxidising an oxidisable charge and its implementation

NEW PROCESS Of OXIDATION Of an OXYDABLE LOAD IN GAS PHASE AND ENGINE FOR the IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS.

New process, reactor for gas-phase oxidation of an oxidisable feedstock and its use

DEVICE DISTRIBUTOR USING THE OSMOTIC PRESSURE

Device for the ventilation of the fermented liquids

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING HIGH PURITY FLUID

PREFERENTIAL OXIDATION REACTOR AND PROCESS

An apparatus for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a reformate flow includes a reactor (10) defining a flow path (A) for a reformate flow; at least one catalyst bed (14) disposed along the flow path; and a distributor for distributing oxygen from an oxygen source to the at least one catalyst bed (14), the distributor including a conduit (16) positioned at least one of upstream of and through the at least one catalyst bed (14), the conduit (16) having a sidewall (32) permeable to flow of oxygen from within the conduit (16) to the at least one catalyst bed (14).

Mobile atom insertion reaction, mobile atom transmissive membrane for carrying out the reaction, and reactor incorporating the mobile atom transmissive membrane

Disclosed is a method of carrying out a mobile atom insertion reaction, such as a hydrogen insertion reaction, for the synthesis of reduced, hydrogenated compounds. Such reactions include the production of ammonia and hydrazine from nitrogen, formic acid and methanol from carbon dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide from oxygen. The insertion reactions are carried out at a bipolar mobile atom transmissive membrane comprising a membrane formed of a mobile atom pump material, as a hydrogen pump material, conductive atom transmissive means on one surface of the membrane and conductive atom transmissive means on the opposite surface of the membrane. The mobile atom, such as hydrogen, diffuses across the membrane, to provide a source of hydrogen on the insertion reaction side of the membrane. The insertion reaction side of the membrane is positively biased with respect to a counterelectrode so that a reactant molecule, such as carbon dioxide, is electrosorbed on that surface of the membrane. The electrosorbed ...

Reagent source

A method of providing a reagent into a chemical process said provision being in the vapor phase and at a controlled mass flow rate wherein the method comprises: (a) providing a gas stream which contains a gaseous phase complexing agent for the reagent said complexing agent being provided at a controlled partial vapor pressure in said gas stream; (b) providing a primary source of the reagent in a reservoir which is connected to the gas stream via a diffusion path; (c) causing the gaseous phase complexing agent to diffuse into the reservoir at a mass flow rate controlled by its partial pressure in the gas stream; (d) causing the gaseous phase complexing agent in the reservoir to react with the primary source to generate a gaseous phase complex of the reagent and the gaseous phase complexing agent, said generation being, in the steady state, at a rate equivalent to the rate of inflow of said complexing agent; (e) causing the gaseous phase complex to diffuse out of the reservoir into the gas ...

Process and apparatus for suspension polymerization

There is provided an apparatus for suspension polymerization to produce polymer particles having uniform size. The apparatus has a droplet forming device with at least one orifice and a recycle line which recycles the aqueous dispersion medium through the droplet forming device, a first reactor and a second reactor. The apparatus can produce polymer particles having uniform particle size.

Osmotic dispenser with means for dispensing active agent responsive to osmotic gradient

An osmotic active agent dispenser is comprised of a chamber having controlled permeability to an external fluid, i.e., water, and containing an osmotically effective solute which, in solution, exhibits an osmotic pressure gradient against said external fluid, said chamber housing a flexible bag of relatively impervious material containing an active agent and provided with means or dispensing head for releasing said active agent to the exterior of the dispenser. The flexible bag is disposed within the said housing chamber such that as the, e.g., water permeates from the external environment through the permeable walls of the chamber and migrates or diffuses by osmosis into the solution contained therein, same increases in volume thereby generating mechanical compressing or deflating force on the flexible bag, which force in turn ejects the active agent out of the apparatus at an osmotically controlled rate over a prolonged period of time.

OSMOTICALLY DRIVEN FLUID DISPENSER

DEVICE FOR THE METERED DISPENSING OF SUBSTANCES

The invention concerns a device for the metered dispensing of flowable substances in systems, said device being characterized by a container (1) with an internal space (3) which has a substantially constant volume and is connected to the surrounding medium by means of a semipermeable membrane (2). The container also contains a substance (4) which builds up an osmotic pressure in conjunction with the surrounding medium or system, and an outlet (5).

Reagent source

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ КИСЛОРОДА ИЗ ВОДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ МОНОМЕРОВ

FIELD: chemical industry; removal of oxygen from solutions of monomers. SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with removal of oxygen from water solutions of monomers with use of a noble gas in a column type apparatus and may be used in production of monomers. A solution of monomers and a noble gas are passing through the apparatus in a counter-current flow at mixing of the liquid in a radial direction. The apparatus contains at least one mixing device made in the form of a turbine-type mixer and-or a disk-type dispersant. The technical result consists in high reliability of the method, a low consumption of the noble gas and a continuous mode of operation of the equipment. EFFECT: the invention ensures high reliability of the method, a low consumption of the noble gas, a continuous mode of operation of the equipment. 13 cl, 2 dwg ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß (19) RU (51) ÌÏÊ 7 (11) (13) 2 250 795 C2 B 01 D 19/00 ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2002106745/15, 02.08.2000 (72) Àâòîð(û): ØÓËÜÒÅ Þðãåí (DE), ÀËÜÁÈÍ Äåòëåô (DE) (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 02.08.2000 (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 17.08.1999 DE 19938574.2 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(ëè): ØÒÎÊÕÀÓÇÅÍ ÃÌÁÕ ÓÍÄ ÊÎ. Êà (DE) R U (43) Äàòà ïóáëèêàöèè çà âêè: 10.09.2003 (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 27.04.2005 Áþë. ¹ 12 2 2 5 0 7 9 5 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: JP 02-006413 À, 10.01.1990. US 5071595 A, 10.12.1991. SU 85035 À, 23.05.1959. ÅÐ 0646400 À1, 05.04.1995. ÅÐ 0185827 À1, 02.07.1986. SU 136718 À, 08.05.1961. (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: 18.03.2002 Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 101000, Ìîñêâà, Ì.Çëàòîóñòèíñêèé ïåð., 10, êâ.15, "Åâðîìàðêïàò", ïàò.ïîâ. Ì.Â.Êîëåñíèêîâîé, ðåã.¹ 527 (54) ÑÏÎÑÎÁ È ÓÑÒÐÎÉÑÒÂÎ ÄËß ÓÄÀËÅÍÈß ÊÈÑËÎÐÎÄÀ ÈÇ ÂÎÄÍÛÕ ÐÀÑÒÂÎÐΠÌÎÍÎÌÅÐΠ(57) Ðåôåðàò: Èçîáðåòåíèå îòíîñèòñ ê óäàëåíèþ êèñëîðîäà èç ðàñòâîðîâ ìîíîìåðîâ ñ èñïîëüçîâàíèåì èíåðòíîãî ãàçà â àïïàðàòå êîëîííîãî òèïà è ìîæåò ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ausfuehrung chemischer Reaktionen, zwischen Gasen oderGasen und Fluessigkeiten, welche bei gewoehnlicher Mischung der Ausgangsstoffe traege verlaufen

GASZUFUEHRAPPARAT, BESTEHEND AUS ROEHREN MIT EINSCHNUERUNGSBEREICHEN.

Hydrogen gas generation

SHUT-DOWN PROCESS FOR A FISCHER-TROPSCH REACTOR ,AND SAID REACTOR

A process for the shut-down of a reactor for the preparation of an at least partly liquid hydrocarbonaceous product by a catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen at elevated temperature and pressure and using a catalyst, which reactor is provided with cooling means and with means to recycle gas through the catalyst for temperature equalizing of the catalyst, comprising the steps of: (i) interrupting the feed of synthesis gas; (ii) depressurizing the reactor downstream of the catalyst, and providing the reactor upstream of the catalyst with inert gas; and (iii) cooling the catalyst to ambient conditions. The reactor may have spherical bodies containing a pressurised gas (eg H2) above the catalyst bed, which bodies release the gas when the pressure in the reactor drops.

METHOD OF AND AN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POROUS PLASTICS

... 1406943 Aerating liquids BAYER AG 8 June 1973 [8 June 1972] 27342/73 Heading B1C [Also in Division C3] An apparatus for producing porous plastics from liquid precursors for a plastics material comprises a plurality of capillaries, 3, (e.g. in the form of bushings each of which contain a bundle of hexagonally close-packed copper wires of the same diameter which are arranged in the bottom, 1, of a container, 2, and which all communicate with a pressure connection, 4, suitable for feeding gases into liquid systems. The capillaries may be formed by (the spaces between) copper wires coated with polyethylene, and a plurality of the capillaries may be enclosed within a glass tube.

OSMOTIC DISPENSER

... 1415210 Pharmaceutical implants ALZA CORP 4 June 1973 [5 June 1972] 26557/73 Heading A5B [Also in Division B1] An osmotic device for the controlled and continuous delivery of a drug to an environment of use over a prolonged delivery period comprises a wall 14 formed at least partly of semi-permeable material and surrounding and defining a compartment 15, an osmotically effective material comprising the drug within the compartment and at least one predefined passageway 16 providing communication between the compartment and the exterior of the device for the release of the drug from the device. In use, external fluid from the environment permeates through the semi-permeable material and dissolves some of the contents of the compartment; the solution so formed induces further flow of fluid into the compartment and drug is consequently forced out of the passageway. Devices are described for delivery of a drug to the human eye, anus and uterus and in oral dosage form. At least part of the semi-permeable ...

Improvements in or relating to diffusers for diffusing gases into liquids

... 605,046. Aerating liquids. ACTIVATED SLUDGE, Ltd., and COOMBS, E. P. July 25, 1944, Nos. 14159 and 14160. [Class 14(i)] [Also in Group I] Apparatus for diffusing gases into liquids, as for example air into sewage, comprises a diffuser pipe having an inlet for gas and a plurality of outlets spaced along the length of the pipe and closed by detachable domes or hollow bodies having lateral porous walls, sealing means to prevent leakage of gas being provided between each dome and the pipe. Preferably the. height of each dome does not exceed 4¢ inches. In the construction shown in Fig. 1, an aerating tank 1 foruse in sewage purification is provided with a diffuser pipe 10 formed with holes over which are mounted porous domes 12. Air is delivered to the domes by way of pipe 14 connected to the pipe 10 by an elbow joint 15 and an expansion joint 16. Both joints may be provided each with a dome. In a modification two rows of domes, one row staggered with respect to the other row, are mounted on ...

Pipe system for aeration and ventilation of liquids, especially of fermenting worts in the manufacture of yeast, spirit, vinegar and the like

A cleansing or sterilizing composition for pipes for aerating fermentation liquids, which may either be added in atomized form to the air which is blown through the pipes in cleansing, or else merely poured into the pipes previous to blowing with air, comprises 60 parts of 92 per cent alcohol, 20 parts of 45 per cent formaldehyde, 10 parts of sulphuretted hydrogen and 10 parts of chlorine.

PROCESS FOR MAKING AN OSMOTICALLY DRIVEN ACTIVE AGENT DISPENSER

NONPOROUS HYDROGEN ENTRY INTO AQUEOUS LIQUIDS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHYLS (DI) CHLORIDE (EDC)

PROCEDURE AND DEVICES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN THROUGH PLASMAREFORMING

DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF A FLUID DURING IT A CENTRIFUGAL ENERGY ARE SUBJECTED.

LAMINATED DEVICE TO THE STEERED AND CONTINUOUS RELEASE OF SUBSTANCES TO THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT.

OSMOTIC PUMP FOR LIPIDE.

PROCEDURE AND MECHANISM FUER ISOLATING FROM AT LEAST A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE MATERIAL IN ERYTHROCYTEN, IN PARTICULAR FROM ALLOSTERI HEMOGLOBIN EFFEKTOREN, AND THE THEN PRESERVATION ERYTHROCYTEN.

ACCORDING TO THE OSMOSE PRINCIPLE OF WORKING ACTIVE SUBSTANCE DONORS

OSMOTIC OUTPUT UNIT

OSMOTIC OUTPUT UNIT

OSMOTIC PATCH PUMP

An osmotic patch pump may include a dry agent on a die-cut piece of film that may exert an osmotic pressure when dissolved by a fluid. A chamber may contain the dry agent and have a chamber wall made of a semi-permeable membrane that allows fluid to enter the chamber through the membrane, but does not allow dissolved agent to escape from the chamber through the membrane. A sponge may have a surface in contact with an outer surface of the semi-permeable membrane and may be configured to soak up fluid when placed in contact with the sponge. Flow volume and rate may be controlled by user-operated micro valves. The chamber and fluid communication channels may be embossed on a substrate as part of a simple and low cost manufacturing process. 1. An osmotic patch pump comprising:a dry agent that exerts an osmotic pressure when dissolved by a fluid;a chamber containing the dry agent and having a chamber wall made of a semi-permeable membrane that allows fluid to enter the chamber through the membrane, but that does not allow dissolved agent to escape from the chamber through the membrane;a sponge having a surface in contact with an outer surface of the semi-permeable membrane and configured to soak up fluid when placed in contact with the sponge;an injector configured to inject dissolved agent into or below a patient's skin; andan injector fluid communication channel that allows dissolved agent to flow from the chamber to the injector.2. The osmotic patch pump of further comprising a die-cut piece of film within the chamber containing the dry agent.3. The osmotic patch pump of further comprising a substrate and wherein a portion of the chamber is embossed into the substrate.4. The osmotic patch pump of wherein at least a portion of the injector fluid communication channel is embossed into the substrate.5. The osmotic patch pump of further comprising:multiple injector fluid communication channels, each configured to channel a different portion of the dissolved agent from the ...

Osmotic Device Containing Amantadine and an Osmotic Salt

The osmotic devices of the present invention contain a unitary core comprising a salt of amantadine and an osmotic salt, wherein the two salts have an ion in common. The release rate of the amantadine is a sigmoidal release. The osmotic device includes a semipermeable membrane having a controlled porosity that can be adapted as needed to cooperate with the osmotic salt in providing a predetermined drug release profile. The osmotic salt need not be coated and it is in admixture with the amantadine salt. The osmotic device further includes a drug-containing coat external to the semipermeable membrane. The osmotic device can include one or more additional drugs in the core and/or the drug-containing coat.

TWO-PIECE, INTERNAL-CHANNEL OSMOTIC DELIVERY SYSTEM FLOW MODULATOR

An osmotic delivery system flow modulator includes an outer shell constructed and arranged for positioning in an opening, an inner core inserted in the outer shell, and a fluid channel having a spiral shape defined between the outer shell and the inner core. The fluid channel is adapted for delivery of an active agent formulation from the reservoir of the osmotic delivery system. 1. An osmotic delivery system flow modulator , comprising:an outer shell constructed and arranged for positioning in an opening of a reservoir of an osmotic delivery system, wherein the outer shell comprises an inner surface and the outer shell is made of a non-metallic, non-reactive polymer material;an inner core inserted in the outer shell, wherein the inner core comprises an outer surface and the inner core is made of a non-metallic, non-reactive polymer material; andan internal fluid channel comprising a spiral shape defined between the outer shell and the inner core, wherein the fluid channel is (i) formed on the outer surface of the inner core that mates with the inner surface of the outer shell, (ii) formed on the inner surface of the outer shell that mates with the outer surface of the inner core, or (iii) formed on the outer surface of the inner core that mates with the inner surface of the outer shell and formed on the inner surface of the outer shell that mates with the outer surface of the inner core.28-. (canceled)9. The flow modulator of claim 1 , wherein the outer shell sealingly engages the inner core.10. The flow modulator of claim 1 , wherein the inner core further comprises an outer shoulder claim 1 , the outer shell further comprises an inner shoulder claim 1 , and the outer shoulder and the inner shoulder engage to prevent expulsion of the inner core from the outer shell.11. The flow modulator of claim 1 , wherein a length of the fluid channel ranges from 10 mm to 50 mm.12. The flow modulator of claim 1 , wherein an effective cross-sectional diameter of the fluid ...

TWO-PIECE, INTERNAL-CHANNEL OSMOTIC DELIVERY SYSTEM FLOW MODULATOR

An osmotic delivery system flow modulator includes an outer shell constructed and arranged for positioning in an opening, an inner core inserted in the outer shell, and a fluid channel having a spiral shape defined between the outer shell and the inner core. The fluid channel is adapted for delivery of an active agent formulation from the reservoir of the osmotic delivery system. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of making an implantable , osmotic delivery system for an active agent formulation , comprising:positioning a piston within a reservoir, the piston defining within the reservoir a first chamber and a second chamber, wherein the reservoir is made of an impermeable, metallic material;positioning an osmotic engine within the first chamber;positioning a semipermeable plug in a first opening at a first end of the reservoir, adjacent the osmotic engine;filling the second chamber with the active agent formulation, the active agent formulation comprising an active agent; and an outer shell constructed and arranged for positioning in the second opening of the reservoir of the osmotic delivery system, wherein the outer shell comprises an inner surface and the outer shell is made of a non-metallic, non-reactive polymer material;', 'an inner core inserted in the outer shell, wherein the inner core comprises an outer surface and the inner core is made of a non-metallic, non-reactive polymer material; and', 'an internal fluid channel comprising a spiral shape defined between the outer shell and the inner core, wherein the fluid channel is (i) formed on the outer surface of the inner core that mates with the inner surface of the outer shell, (ii) formed on the inner surface of the outer shell that mates with the outer surface of the inner core, or (iii) formed on the outer surface of the inner core that mates with the inner surface of the outer shell and formed on the inner surface of the outer shell that mates with the outer surface of the inner core., 'positioning a flow ...

Non-Aqueous Single Phase Vehicles and Formulations Utilizing Such Vehicles

The present invention is related to materials and methods for forming polymeric delivery vehicles that reduces risk of oxidative degradation of a carried drug and the resulting compositions.

PHARMACEUTICAL ADMINISTRATION FORMS COMPRISING 5-CHLORO-N-(METHYL)-2-THIOPHENECARBOXAMIDE

The present invention relates to solid orally administrable pharmaceutical administration forms comprising 5-chloro-N-({(5S)-2-oxo-3-[4-(3-oxo-4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl}-methyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide (rivaroxaban, active compound (I)), wherein a partial amount of the active compound (I) is released rapidly and a partial amount is released in a controlled manner (modified, retarded, delayed), and to processes for their preparation, their use as medicaments and their use for the prophylaxis, secondary prophylaxis or treatment of disorders. 1. A solid orally administrable pharmaceutical dosage form comprising 5-chloro-N-({(5S)-2-oxo-3-[4-(3-oxo-4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1 ,3-oxazolidin-5-yl}methyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide (I) , characterized in that it consists of a combination of rapid and controlled release , where the active compound dose with controlled release is incorporated into an osmotic two-chamber system ,andthe osmotic release system is combined with an active compound-comprising film coating with rapid release of active compound (I) or an active compound-comprising mantle formed from powder or granules (core/mantle tablet).2. The solid orally administrable pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein 55 to 90% of active compound (I) are incorporated as controlled-release portion of the active compound dose into the osmotic two-chamber system and 10 to 45% of active compound (I) are incorporated as rapid-release portion of the active compound dose into the rapid-release film coating or an active-compound comprising mantle formed from powder or granules (core/mantle tablet).3. The solid orally administrable pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein 55 to 90% of the osmotic two-chamber system that comprises the active compound (I) consists of: 2 to 25% of active compound (I),', '60 to 95% of one or more osmotically active polymers, 'A) an active compound layer having the composition'} 40 to 90% of one or more ...

MICROFABRICATED NANOPORE DEVICE FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE OF THERAPEUTIC AGENT

A drug delivery device that includes a capsule for implantation into the body; the capsule further includes a reservoir for containing a substance such as a therapeutic agent, at least one port for allowing the substance to diffuse from or otherwise exit the reservoir, and a nanopore membrane in communication with the capsule at or near the exit port for controlling the rate of diffusion of the substance from the exit port. The device also includes an optional screen for providing structural stability to the nanopore membrane and for keeping the pores of the nanopore membrane clear. One embodiment of the drug delivery device includes an osmotic engine internal to the device for creating fluid flow through the device. 1. A drug delivery device , comprising:a capsule for implantation into the body, said capsule having a fluid impermeable wall defining a reservoir for containing a therapeutic agent; said capsule further comprising an exit port in communication with the reservoir and a nanopore membrane in communication with the exit port, said nanopore membrane comprising pores dimensioned to be between about 1 to about 5 times the Stoke's diameter of the therapeutic agent.2. The drug delivery device of claim 1 , further comprising a screen for providing structural support to said nanopore membrane.3. The drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein said wall of the capsule is coated with a polymeric material.4. The drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein said capsule further comprises a first end cap and a second end cap positioned at the first and second ends.5. The drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein said capsule is tapered at the first and second ends.6. The drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein said capsule is substantially cylindrical in cross section.7. The drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein said capsule is manufactured from a material selected from the group consisting of titanium alloy claim 1 , surgical grade stainless steel claim 1 , and a ...

Oral Therapeutic Compound Delivery System

The present invention relates generally to therapeutic formulations. More particularly, this present invention provides an oral delivery system for a therapeutic compound that is a base, a salt of a base or an amphoteric compound or a salt of a amphoteric compound with pharmacological, physiological or biochemical activity or a proactive form thereof. The present invention even more particularly provides a swallow formulation comprising a therapeutic compound that is a base, a salt of a base, an amphoteric compound or a salt of an amphoteric compound which facilitates the rapid delivery of the therapeutic compound to the circulatory system. 1. A swallow formulation adapted to be swallowed whole and intact for release of a therapeutic compound downstream of a patient's mouth in the patient's gastrointestinal tract , the swallow formulation comprising(a) a therapeutic compound that is a base, a salt of a base, an amphoteric compound or a salt of an amphoteric compound, and(b) one or more pH modulating agents, wherein at least one pH modulating agent is selected from sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate and is present in an amount from 1 to 199 mg per tablet, being an amount that will neutralise 0.01 to 9.0 millimoles of hydrochloric acid and an amount from about 1% to 50% by weight of the swallow formulation, and(c) a water uptake agent,wherein at least about 70% of the therapeutic compound is dissolved from the swallow formulation within 180 seconds, at 30 rpm when the dissolution is measured in United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) dissolution apparatus 2 with 900 mL 0.0033 N hydrochloric acid at 37° C.2. The swallow formulation according to comprising two or more therapeutic compounds (a).3. The swallow formulation according to wherein at least about 90% or the therapeutic compound is dissolved from the swallow formulation within 180 seconds at 30 rpm in USP dissolution apparatus 2 with 900 mL 0.0033 N hydrochloric acid and 37° C.4. The swallow formulation ...

Systems Methods Devices Apparatuses Circuits and Computer Executable Code for Production and Topical Application of a Therapeutic Substance

Disclosed is a therapeutic substance application packet consisting of two or more, different, size ranges of therapeutic substance granules, wherein granules of the different size ranges have different dissolving and exfoliating properties. Further disclosed are an apparatus for application of therapeutic substance application packet and a process for production of same. 1. A Therapeutic Substance Application Packet (TSAP) , said TSAP including:therapeutic substance granules (TSG) of a first size range;therapeutic substance granules (TSG) of a second, different, size range; andwherein: (i) granules of the relatively smaller TSG size range, of said two TSGs size ranges, dissolve relatively faster upon contact with a solvent during topical application of said TSAP, (ii) granules of the relatively larger TSG size range, of said two TSGs size ranges, dissolve relatively slower upon contact with a solvent during topical application of said TSAP and retain exfoliating properties for at least a portion of a topical application period of said TSAP and (iii) said TSAP includes a preselected ratio of amounts between said TSG of the first size range and said TSG of the second size range.2. The Therapeutic Substance Application Packet (TSAP) of claim 1 , wherein said (TSG) of a first size range or said (TSG) of a second size range include one or more therapeutic substances selected from the group consisting of: antioxidants claim 1 , hair growth stimulants claim 1 , hair removal substances claim 1 , skin nourishing and moisturizing substances and skin protection substances.3. The Therapeutic Substance Application Packet (TSAP) of claim 2 , wherein said (TSG) of a first size range or said (TSG) of a second size range further include one or more complementary substances selected from the group consisting of: Vitamin A claim 2 , Vitamin D claim 2 , Vitamin E claim 2 , Vitamin K claim 2 , Vitamin C claim 2 , Thiamin claim 2 , Riboflavin claim 2 , Niacin claim 2 , Vitamin B6 claim 2 ...

DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES AND METHODS FOR DRUG DELIVERY

An orifice-free drug delivery device is provided. In an embodiment, the device includes a body having at least one water-permeable wall bounding a reservoir defined within the body. A drug formulation is disposed within the reservoir. The body has an elastic portion and at least one restraining plug closing off an opening of the body. The opening is in fluid communication with the reservoir, and the restraining plug contacts the elastic portion of the body and controls release of the drug from the device by the transient formation of one or more microchannels between the elastic portion of the body and the at least one restraining plug. The elastic portion may define an opening having an inner diameter, which is exceeded by the outer diameter of the restraining plug by at least 3%. 1. A drug delivery device comprising:a body having at least one water-permeable wall bounding a reservoir defined within the body, wherein the body comprises an elastic portion;a drug formulation which comprises a drug, the drug formulation being disposed within the reservoir; andat least one restraining plug closing off an opening of the body, the opening being in fluid communication with the reservoir,wherein the at least one restraining plug contacts the elastic portion of the body and controls release of the drug from the device by the transient formation of one or more microchannels between the elastic portion of the body and the at least one restraining plug.2. The drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein:the at least one restraining plug has an outer diameter,the elastic portion of the body defines an opening having an inner diameter, andwherein the outer diameter of the restraining plug exceeds the inner diameter of the elastic portion of the body by at least 3%.3. The drug delivery device of claim 2 , wherein the outer diameter of the restraining plug exceeds the inner diameter of the elastic portion of the body by at least 5%.4. The drug delivery device of claim 2 , wherein the ...

Controlled release of radionuclides

A brachytherapy device () including a base () adapted for being at least partially introduced into a body of a subject and a plurality of radionuclide atoms of a first alpha-emitting isotope, coupled to the base in a manner that not more than 15% of the radionuclide atoms leave the base in 24 hours, in methods other than radioactive decay. When installed in a human subject, the brachytherapy device emits radionuclide atoms of the first alpha-emitting isotope at a rate of at least 0.1% of the number of radionuclide atoms of the first alpha-emitting isotope coupled to the base, per 24 hours. 1. A brachytherapy device , comprising:a base adapted for being at least partially introduced into a body of a subject; anda plurality of radionuclide atoms of a first alpha-emitting isotope, coupled to the base in a manner that not more than 25% of the radionuclide atoms leave the base in 24 hours, in methods other than radioactive decay,wherein when installed in a human subject, the brachytherapy device emits radionuclide atoms of the first alpha-emitting isotope at a rate of at least 0.1% of the number of radionuclide atoms of the first alpha-emitting isotope coupled to the base, per 24 hours.2. The brachytherapy device of claim 1 , wherein the first alpha-emitting isotope comprises Radium-224.3. The brachytherapy device of claim 1 , wherein the first alpha-emitting isotope comprises Radium-223.4. The brachytherapy device of claim 1 , further comprising a semi-porous polymer coating layer on the radionuclide atoms claim 1 , configured to allow diffusion of a percentage of the radionuclide atoms claim 1 , so as to provide the emission of the at least 0.1% of the number of radionuclide atoms of the first alpha-emitting isotope coupled to the base claim 1 , per 24 hours.5. The brachytherapy device of claim 4 , wherein the semi-porous polymer coating layer comprises PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane).6. The brachytherapy device of claim 4 , wherein the semi-porous polymer coating layer ...

HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES

Provided are certain pharmaceutical formulations of omecamtiv mecarbil and methods for their preparation and use.

IMPLANTABLE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE

The invention pertains to implantable medical devices for controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. Some devices according to the invention have a titanium reservoir, and a porous titanium oxide based membrane to control the rate of release of the therapeutic agent. The reservoir contains a formulation of the active agent, and means to promote water uptake into the reservoir upon implantation. In some embodiments the means include a gas with a higher solubility in than air water. 1. An implantable drug delivery device , said device comprising:a capsule suitable for implantation;a reservoir encapsulated by the capsule;at least one nanoporous membrane in fluid contact with the reservoir;a therapeutic agent; anda quantity of gas, wherein the therapeutic agent and the quantity of gas are contained within the reservoir, and wherein the quantity of gas comprises one or more gases with a solubility in water at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere that is greater than the solubility of air in water at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.2. The implantable drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of gas comprises at least 10% by weight of one or more gases with a solubility in water of more than 22 mg/liter at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.3. The implantable drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of gas comprises at least 25% by weight of one or more gases with a solubility in water of more than 22 mg/liter at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.4. The implantable drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of gas comprises at least 50% by weight of one or more gases with a solubility in water of more than 22 mg/liter at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.5. The implantable drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of gas comprises at least 90% by weight of one or more gases with a solubility in water of more than 22 mg/ ...

MULTI-LUMEN DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES AND METHODS

Drug delivery devices are provided herein and include an elongated, elastic body extending between a first end and a second end, wherein the elastic body comprises a water permeable wall structure having defining an elongated drug reservoir lumen extending between the first and second ends. One or more secondary lumens are structured (e.g., positioned, sized, shaped, and optionally filled) to be effective to retard or prevent in vivo diffusion of (i) water into the drug reservoir lumen and/or (ii) solubilized drug out of the drug reservoir lumen. 1. A drug delivery device for controlled release of drug into the urinary bladder of a patient comprising:an elongated, elastic body extending between a first end and a second end, wherein the elastic body comprises a water permeable outer wall structure having a cylindrical shaped external surface extending between the first and second ends;an elongated hub structure located within, and coaxial with, the outer wall structure and extending between the first and second ends;two or more spoke structures extending between and connecting the outer wall structure and the hub structure, the spoke, outer wall, and hub structures defining at least one elongate drug reservoir lumen and at least one air lumen;a drug payload disposed in the at least one drug reservoir lumen,wherein the device is elastically deformable between a relatively straightened shape suited for insertion of the device through a urethra and into the urinary bladder of the patient and a coiled retention shape which is suited to retain the device within the urinary bladder.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the hub structure comprises an annulus in which the lumen of the annulus includes an elastic retention frame disposed therein claim 1 , the elastic retention frame imparting the coiled retention shape to the device.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the hub structure is shape set to impart the coiled retention shape to the device.4. The device of claim 1 , ...

OSMOTIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

An oral osmotic pharmaceutical delivery system comprises a highly water-soluble drug exhibiting an erratic or an incomplete release profile when formulated in an elementary osmotic pump delivery system and at least one release enhancing agent. 1. An oral osmotic pharmaceutical delivery composition comprising an osmotically active drug core surrounded by a semi-permeable membrane ,wherein the osmotically active drug core comprisesA) at least one release enhancing agent selected from a group consisting of wicking agents, complexing agents, and micelle-forming agents,andB) treprostinil or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof having a water solubility of at least about 30 mg/mL, andwherein the semi-permeable membrane allows for the osmotic delivery of the treprostinil from the osmotically active drug core.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the wicking agents are selected from the group consisting of high HLB surfactants claim 1 , ionic surfactants claim 1 , and non-swelling hydrophilic polymers; the complexing agents are selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone claim 1 , cyclodextrins claim 1 , and non-ionic surface active agents; and the micelle-forming agents are selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) modified sorbitan monoesters claim 1 , fatty acid sorbitan esters claim 1 , sodium lauryl sulfate claim 1 , and sodium docusate.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one release enhancing agent is a micelle-forming agent.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one release enhancing agent comprises sodium lauryl sulfate.5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one osmotic agent.6. A method of treating pulmonary hypertension comprising administering to a human subject in need thereof a composition of .7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the treprostinil or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is treprostinil diethanolamine.8. An oral osmotic pharmaceutical delivery ...

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLED AND CONTINUOUS DELIVERY OF DRUGS INTO THE BRAIN BY BYPASSING THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER.

The present invention provides devices and methods for controlled and continuous delivery of drugs into the brain by bypassing the blood brain barrier, without the need for any surgical manipulation of the brain. The respiratory mucosa in the maxillary sinus or in the nasal region is surgically accessed from the oral or maxillofacial region through a window made on the bone overlying the mucosa. The device is used to deliver drugs in a continuous and controlled manner either beneath or above the respiratory mucosa depending on the clinical requirements, drug formulation and the volume of drug used. The drug distributes into the brain from the delivery site by bypassing the blood brain barrier without causing any significant increase of the drug in the peripheral circulation. The device can be used for continuous and controlled drug delivery into the brain by bypassing the blood brain barrier for a number of medical conditions. 1. A drug delivery system for delivering drugs into the brain , by bypassing the blood brain barrier comprisingan implantable hollow device made of titanium or any other biocompatible material, intended for placement into the bone overlying the respiratory mucosa of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity.a drug delivery assembly made of a biocompatible material intended for transferring therapeutic agents from an external drug reservoir into the central lumen of the hollow implantable device.a drug infusion pump intended for providing continuous and controlled drug delivery from an external drug reservoir into the central lumen of the implantable hollow devicea therapeutic agent intended for delivery into the brainan instrument kit for placing and removing the implantable device and the accompanying components.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the device comprisesa body in the form of a hollow cylindrical tube with both the ends closed, wherein the apical end is rounded with a plurality of holes through the apical wall and the upper end ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING A MEDICAL SOLUTION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A MEDICAMENT FOR PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

Method for preparing a medical solution, comprising the steps of a) providing a solution comprising one or more acetylated or deacetylated amino sugar/sugars in at least one compartment of a container at a pH from 2.5 to 5.0, and b) terminal sterilisation of said at least one compartment and the contents therein, is disclosed, as well as a solution used for preparing the medical solution, a container containing said solution, and use of said solution for the manufacture of a medicament for peritoneal dialysis. 116-. (canceled)17. A method of preparing a medical solution , said method comprising the steps of:a) providing an osmotic solution including one or more acetylated or deacetylated amino sugars in at least one compartment of a container, said solution having a pH of 2.0-5.0,b) terminally sterilizing said at least one compartment and the osmotic solution therein, andc) mixing the osmotic solution with one or more pH adjustment and diluting solutions contained in one or more other compartments of the container to obtain a medical solution ready for use,said one or more acetylated or deacetylated amino sugar/sugars being selected from galactosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, mannosamine, and N-acetylmannosamine in the form of monomers, oligomers and/or polymers thereof including chitin, and human glucose-aminoglycans, andsaid medical solution ready for use including 110 to 140 mEq/l of sodium ions, 0 to 0.05 mEq/l of potassium ions, 0 to 3 mEq/l of magnesium ions, 0 to 6 mEq/l of calcium ions, and 80 to 144 mEq/l of chloride ions in addition to the one or more acetylated or deacetylated amino sugars.18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the pH is 2.5-3.5.19. The method according to claim 17 , wherein said one or more acetylated or deacetylated amino sugar/sugars is/are present in a concentration of 15-40% by weight with respect to the weight of the osmotic solution in said at least one compartment.20. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the step of ...

ADJUSTABLE RATE DRUG DELIVERY IMPLANTABLE DEVICE

Embodiments herein relate to an implantable device comprising a casing, a semi-permeable membrane plug at or near a first end of the casing, a piston, beads, and an opening for release of the beads from the implantable device within a body of a human or an animal; wherein the implantable device is configured to be implanted within the body of the human or the animal during delivery of the beads into the body of the human or the animal; wherein the beads comprise a core and a shell with the core being enclosed by the shell and the beads contain a drug; and wherein the implantable device is configured to produce a desired flow rate of elution of the drug from the implantable device when the implantable device is implanted within the body of the human or the animal. 1. An implantable device comprising:a casing, a semi-permeable membrane plug at or near a first end of the casing, a piston, beads, and an opening for release of the beads from the implantable device within a body of a human or an animal;wherein the implantable device is configured to be implanted within the body of the human or the animal during delivery of the beads into the body of the human or the animal;wherein the beads comprise a core and a shell with the core being enclosed by the shell and the beads contain a drug; andwherein the implantable device is configured to produce a desired flow rate of elution of the drug from the implantable device when the implantable device is implanted within the body of the human or the animal.2. The implantable device of claim 1 , wherein the drug and/or the beads comprise a targeting material or a targeting molecule that binds to a certain organ claim 1 , tissue claim 1 , object or a specific site within the body of the human or the animal.3. The implantable device of claim 1 , wherein the shell comprises a stimuli-responsive polymer configured to break the shell claim 1 , before or after implanting or attaching the implantable device in or on a body of a human or ...

AMANTADINE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE

Methods of nighttime administration of amantadine to reduce sleep disturbances in patient undergoing treatment with amantadine are described, as well as compositions of extended release amantadine that are suitable for nighttime administration. 1. A pharmaceutical composition consisting of (i) 110 mg to 445 mg of a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and (ii) at least one excipient , wherein the composition is suitable for once daily , oral administration to a human subject at a time such that the drug does not interfere with sleep , wherein at least one of said excipients modifies the release of the drug to provide an extended release form , and wherein administration of the composition provides a Tmax of 6 to 18 hours as measured in a single dose human pharmacokinetic study and once daily administration provides a C-ave-day to C-ave-night ratio of 1.1 to 1.9 as determined in a multiple dose human pharmacokinetic study.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein administration of the composition provides a Tmax of 6 to 9 hours as measured in a single dose human pharmacokinetic study.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein administration of the composition provides a Tmax of 8 to 18 hours as measured in a single dose human pharmacokinetic study.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the composition is suitable for administration is 0 to 4 hours before bedtime.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein administration of the composition provides a Cmax of 1.0 to 2.8 ng/ml per mg amantadine and an AUC0-inf of 40 to 75 ng*hr/ml per mg amantadine as determined in a single dose human pharmacokinetic study.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein once daily administration of the composition provides a steady state plasma concentration profile characterized by a Cmax of 2.4 to 4.2 ng/ml per mg of amantadine as determined in a multiple dose human pharmacokinetic study.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein once daily ...

Implantable Drug Delivery Device

The invention pertains to implantable medical devices for controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. Some devices according to the invention have a titanium reservoir, and a porous titanium oxide based membrane to control the rate of release of the therapeutic agent. The reservoir contains a formulation of the active agent, and means to promote water uptake into the reservoir upon implantation. In some embodiments the means include a gas with a higher solubility in than air water. 1. A method for promoting hydration in an implantable drug delivery device , said method comprising:providing the implantable drug delivery device, the device comprising a capsule having a reservoir, the device further comprising at least one nanoporous membrane in fluid contact with the reservoir;providing a therapeutic agent; andproviding a quantity of gas, wherein the therapeutic agent and the quantity of gas are contained within the reservoir, and wherein the quantity of gas comprises one or more gases with a solubility in water at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere that is greater than the solubility of air in water at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere; andwherein said quantity of gas promotes hydration of the therapeutic agent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of gas comprises at least 10% by weight of one or more gases with a solubility in water of more than 22 mg/liter at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of gas comprises at least 25% by weight of one or more gases with a solubility in water of more than 22 mg/liter at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of gas comprises at least 50% by weight of one or more gases with a solubility in water of more than 22 mg/liter at a temperature of 37° C. and a pressure of 1 atmosphere.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of gas comprises at least ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SILANES

The invention relates to a process for preparing dimeric and/or trimeric silanes by conversion of monosilane in a plasma and to a plant for performance of the process. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure in process step iii) is elevated relative to the pressure in process stage ii).3. The process according to claim 1 ,{'sub': ab', 'abs, 'wherein the resulting phase in process step iii) has a pressure of 1 barto 100 bar.'}4. The process according to{'sub': abs', 'abs, 'wherein the monosilane in process step ii) is subjected to the gas discharge in the presence of hydrogen at a pressure between 0.05 mbarand 15,000 mbar.'}5. The process according to claim 1 ,{'sub': abs', 'abs, 'wherein the gas discharge in process step ii) is effected at a pressure between 0.1 mbarand 1,000 mbar.'}6. The process according towherein the gas discharge in process step ii) is effected at a temperature between −60° C. and 10° C.7. The process according to wherein the reactant stream has a defined ratio of hydrogen and monosilane in percent by volume (% by vol.) of 15:1 to 1:5.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reactant stream in step ii) is exposed to a nonthermal plasma.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the defined ratio in process step iii) of the partial hydrogen pressure to the partial pressure of the gaseous silanes is set by means of a hydrogen-permeable membrane.10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the membrane is permeable to hydrogen and essentially impermeable to silanes.11. The process according to claim 9 , wherein said membrane comprises at least one of the following materials: quartz claim 9 , metal claim 9 , metallic alloy claim 9 , ceramic claim 9 , zeolite claim 9 , organic polymer and/or a composite membrane having an at least two-layer structure comprising one or more of the aforementioned materials.12. A plant for performance of the process according to comprising:a reactor for generation of a gas discharge, ...

DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES AND METHODS FOR DRUG DELIVERY

An orifice-free drug delivery device is provided. In an embodiment, the device includes a body having at least one water-permeable wall bounding a reservoir defined within the body. A drug formulation is disposed within the reservoir. The body has an elastic portion and at least one restraining plug closing off an opening of the body. The opening is in fluid communication with the reservoir, and the restraining plug contacts the elastic portion of the body and controls release of the drug from the device by the transient formation of one or more microchannels between the elastic portion of the body and the at least one restraining plug. The elastic portion may define an opening having an inner diameter, which is exceeded by the outer diameter of the restraining plug by at least 3%. 1. A drug delivery device comprising:a body having at least one water-permeable wall bounding a reservoir defined within the body, wherein the body comprises an elastic portion;a solid drug formulation which comprises a drug, the drug formulation being disposed within the reservoir; andat least one restraining plug closing off an opening of the body, the opening being in fluid communication with the reservoir,wherein the device is configured to permit, in vivo, water to diffuse through the at least one water-permeable wall and into the reservoir to contact and solubilize the solid drug formulation, andwherein the at least one restraining plug contacts the elastic portion of the body and controls release of the solubilized drug from the device by the transient formation of one or more microchannels between the elastic portion of the body and the at least one restraining plug.2. The drug delivery device of claim 1 , wherein:the at least one restraining plug has an outer diameter,the elastic portion of the body defines an opening having an inner diameter, andwherein the outer diameter of the restraining plug exceeds the inner diameter of the elastic portion of the body by at least 3%.3. The ...

Light irradiation device and printer

The disclosure relates to a light irradiation device which can improve curability of photo-curable materials. A light irradiation device includes a first supply section having a porous portion, the first supply section being capable of supplying a gas to a photo-curable material through the porous portion; and an irradiation section disposed in alignment with the porous portion or disposed downstream from the porous portion, the irradiation section being capable of irradiating the photo-curable material with light.

Positive pressure capsules and method of manufacturing the same

In a positive pressure capsule and its manufacturing method, it includes injection of a drug through at the opening of the capsule followed by sealing the capsule and internal of the capsule contains air space so as to form a positive pressure capsule. The features of the positive pressure capsule are adhesion seams and liquid drugs can be filled inside such capsule. The capsule may be a hard capsule and the raw material of the capsule may be gelatin or HPMC. 1. A positive pressure capsule , comprising:a hollow body;fillings in the hollow body; andbubbles, being set within the body;wherein a pressure of the bubble is higher than 1 atm.2. The positive pressure capsule as recited in claim 1 , wherein the shape of the body is spherical claim 1 , oval claim 1 , long oval claim 1 , tubular or polyhedral capsule.3. The positive pressure capsule as recited in claim 1 , wherein gas contained in the bubble is oxygen claim 1 , helium claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , or carbon dioxide.4. The positive pressure capsule as recited in claim 1 , wherein the raw material of the body is gelatin or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC).5. The positive pressure capsule as recited in claim 1 , wherein the raw material of the body further includes agar claim 1 , starch claim 1 , alginic acid claim 1 , guar gum claim 1 , pharmaceutical acceptable additives claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical acceptable additives include plasticizers or sunscreens.6. The positive pressure capsule as recited in claim 4 , wherein the gelatin is alkali-treated gelatin claim 4 , acid-treated gelatin claim 4 , or chemically modified gelatin.7. The positive pressure capsule as recited in claim 5 , wherein the plasticizer is selected from the groups consisting of glycerol claim 5 , sorbitol claim 5 , maltose claim 5 , glucose claim 5 , polysaccharides claim 5 , sucrose claim 5 , xylitol claim 5 , mannitol claim 5 , propylene glycol claim 5 , and polyethylene glycol.8. The positive pressure capsule as recited in claim ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS USING AN OXYGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANE BASED REFORMING SYSTEM WITH SECONDARY REFORMING AND AUXILIARY HEAT SOURCE

A method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out a primary reforming process within a reforming reactor, and a secondary reforming process within an oxygen transport membrane reactor and in the presence of heat generated from a oxygen transport membrane reactor and an auxiliary source of heat. The auxiliary source of heat is disposed within the reactor housing proximate the reforming reactors and may include an auxiliary reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor or a ceramic burner. 112-. (canceled)13. An oxygen transport membrane based reforming system comprising:a reactor housing;a reforming reactor disposed in the reactor housing and configured to reform a hydrocarbon containing feed stream in the presence of a reforming catalyst disposed in the reforming reactor and heat to produce a reformed synthesis gas stream;a reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor disposed in the reactor housing proximate the reforming reactor and configured to receive the reformed synthesis gas stream and react a portion of the reformed synthesis gas stream with permeated oxygen and generate a reaction product and heat, including a first portion of the heat required by the reforming reactor;wherein the reactively driven, catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane reactor is further configured to reform any unreformed hydrocarbon gas in the reformed synthesis gas stream in the presence of some of the heat and the reaction product generated by the reaction of the reformed synthesis gas stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas product stream; andan auxiliary heat source disposed in the reactor housing proximate the reforming reactor and configured to supply a second portion of the heat required by the reforming reactor through the radiation mode of heat transfer to produce the reformed synthesis gas stream, wherein the auxiliary heat source provides between about 15% ...

CONTROLLED RELEASE NANOPARTICULATE MATTER DELIVERY SYSTEM

A controlled release nanoparticulate matter delivery system includes a plurality of thermoresponsive modules containing a respective nanoparticulate matter. Each thermoresponsive module is selectively operable in at least one of a heating mode that releases the nanoparticulate matter and a cooling mode that inhibits release of the nanoparticulate matter. A control module is in electrical communication with the plurality of thermoresponsive modules. The control module is configured to determine a temperature of each thermoresponsive module and to select the at least one heating mode and cooling mode based on the temperature. The heating and cooling mode may be selected in response to a desired dosing profile and/or a biometric condition. 1. A controlled release nanoparticulate matter delivery system , comprising:a plurality of thermoresponsive modules containing a respective nanoparticulate matter, each thermoresponsive module selectively operable in at least one of a heating mode that releases the nanoparticulate matter and a cooling mode that inhibits release of the nanoparticulate matter; anda control module in electrical communication with the plurality of thermoresponsive modules, the control module configured to determine a temperature of each thermoresponsive module and to select the at least one heating mode and cooling mode based on the temperature.2. The delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one sensor in electrical communication with the control module claim 1 , the at least one sensor configured to determine at least one biometric condition.3. The delivery system of claim 2 , wherein the control module controls at least one thermoresponsive module to release the nanoparticulate matter in response to the detection of the at least one biometric condition.4. The delivery system of claim 3 , wherein the biometric condition includes at least one of body temperature claim 3 , body perspiration claim 3 , body vibration claim 3 , breathing ...

System and Method for Correction of Intracerebral Chemical Imbalances

A method of treating a central nervous system (CNS) disorder, comprises the steps of inserting into a patient's body first and second conduits so that distal ends of the first and second conduits open to a portion of the patient's CNS with direct access to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a proximal end of the first conduit opens into a first reservoir of material to be introduced into the CSF and a proximal end of the second conduit opens to drain CSF withdrawn from the CNS in combination with the steps of detecting and analyzing brain activity of a patient and determining a chemical imbalance present in the CSF by one of a microassay of a sample of CSF withdrawn from the second reservoir and the detected and analyzed brain activity. Based on the determined chemical imbalance, the patient is treated by one of supplying an agent to the CSF via the first conduit and withdrawing a quantity CSF via the second conduit. A system for treating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), comprises first and second conduits, wherein, when in an operative position, distal ends of the first and second conduits open into a portion of a patient's CNS with direct access to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and wherein, when in the operative position, a proximal end of the second conduit opens to drain CSF from the CNS and a first reservoir imlpantable within the patient's body and holding material to be introduced to the CNS in combination with a first pump coupled to the first reservoir and the first conduit for introducing the material to the CNS via the first conduit and a brain wave detection unit for detecting and analyzing brain waves of the patient. 146-. (canceled)47. An osmotic pump , comprising:a first agent reservoir;a first solute chamber;a first flexible membrane separating the first agent reservoir from the first solute chamber;a first valve moveable between an open position in which the first agent reservoir is open to an outlet of the osmotic pump and a closed position in ...

Ammonia Decomposition Catalyst Systems

Disclosed are ruthenium-based catalyst systems, hafnium-based catalyst systems, and yttrium-based catalyst systems for use in ammonia decomposition. Catalyst systems include ruthenium, hafnium, and/or yttrium optionally in combination with one or more additional metals that can be catalytic or catalyst promoters. Hafnium-based and yttrium-based catalyst systems can be free of ruthenium. The catalyst systems also include a support material. Disclosed catalyst systems can decompose ammonia at relatively low temperatures and can provide an efficient and cost-effective route to utilization of ammonia as a carbon-free hydrogen storage and generation material. 1. An ammonia decomposition reactor comprising:an ammonia inlet;an ammonia decomposition catalyst system downstream of the ammonia inlet, the ammonia decomposition catalyst system comprising a support material and a catalyst component, the catalyst component comprising ruthenium and at least one additional metal that catalyzes and/or promotes ammonia decomposition;a hydrogen outlet downstream of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system; anda nitrogen outlet downstream of the ammonia decomposition catalyst system.2. The ammonia decomposition reactor of claim 1 , the catalyst system comprising the ruthenium in an amount of about 4 wt. % or less.3. The ammonia decomposition reactor of claim 1 , wherein the additional metal comprises an alkali metal claim 1 , an alkaline earth metal claim 1 , a transition metal claim 1 , a metalloid claim 1 , a post transition metal claim 1 , or any combination thereof.4. The ammonia decomposition reactor of claim 1 , wherein the additional metal comprises potassium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , strontium claim 1 , scandium claim 1 , yttrium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , hafnium claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , tantalum claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , rhenium ...

INTRAVESICAL DEVICE FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY

Implantable devices and methods for delivery of lidocaine or other drugs to a patient are provided. In one embodiment, the device includes a first drug portion which has a first drug housing which contains a first drug formulation in a solid form which includes a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of lidocaine; and a second drug portion which includes a second drug housing which contains a second drug formulation which includes lidocaine base. In another embodiment, the device includes a drug reservoir component which has an elastic tube having at least one lumen bounded by a porous sidewall having an open-cell structure, a closed-cell structure, or a combination thereof; and a drug formulation contained within the at least one lumen, wherein the device is deformable between a low-profile deployment shape and a relatively expanded retention shape. 1. An intravesical device for drug delivery to the urinary bladder of a patient , comprising:a first drug housing which contains a first drug formulation comprising a first drug, the first drug formulation being in solid form;a second drug housing which contains a second drug formulation comprising a second drug;a retention frame lumen integrally formed with and connected to the first and second drug housings; anda retention frame positioned in the retention frame lumen,wherein the device is elastically deformable between a coiled retention shape and a deployment shape suitable for insertion through the patient's urethra, andwherein the device is configured to release the first and second drugs in vivo according to release profiles different from one another.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second drug housings are partitioned sections of a single tubular body.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the first and second drug formulations comprises a plurality of drug tablets aligned within the single tubular body in a row.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the single tubular body is formed from ...

DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLED AND CONTINUOUS DELIVERY OF DRUGS INTO THE BRAIN BY BYPASSING THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER.

The present invention provides devices and methods for controlled and continuous delivery of drugs into the brain by bypassing the blood brain barrier, without the need for any surgical manipulation of the brain. The respiratory mucosa in the maxillary sinus or in the nasal region is surgically accessed from the oral or maxillofacial region through a window made on the bone overlying the mucosa. The device is used to deliver drugs in a continuous and controlled manner either beneath or above the respiratory mucosa depending on the clinical requirements, drug formulation and the volume of drug used. The drug distributes into the brain from the delivery site by bypassing the blood brain barrier without causing any significant increase of the drug in the peripheral circulation. The device can be used for continuous and controlled drug delivery into the brain by bypassing the blood brain barrier for a number of medical conditions. 1- A drug delivery system for delivering drugs into a brain , by bypassing a blood brain barrier , comprising:a biocompatible implantable device comprising a hollow body, an inlet being positioned at a first part of the hollow body, an apical wall comprising at least one opening being positioned at a second part of the hollow body; and at least one flow pathway from the inlet to the at least one opening in the apical wall; wherein the apical wall is positioned in contact with a connective tissue of a respiratory mucosa lining a maxillary sinus or a nasal cavity;a biocompatible tubing comprising a first open end being configured to removably couple to the inlet of the biocompatible implantable device, a second open end being configured to removably couple to a cap; and at least one flow pathway between said first open end and said second open end;a drug that is to be delivered to a connective tissue of a respiratory mucosa of a maxillary sinus or a nasal cavity; anda drug infusion source comprising a pump and a drug reservoir containing said ...

MATRIX AND DEVICE AND USE THEREOF FOR OPTICALLY-CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CHEMICALS

A porous polymeric matrix and a device for optically-controlled release of chemicals allow a controlled and localized administration of a chemical species, by exploiting the thermosensitivity of amphiphilic supramolecular structures used as reservoir without this requesting a direct heating, at the same time by guaranteeing a precise dosage and positioning of the release of the chemical species. 1. Porous polymeric matrix transparent to a light flux in the visible or NIR spectrum comprising: nanometric particles absorbing light in the visible or in the NIR spectrum and supramolecular aggregates of amphiphilic molecules containing chemical species , wherein said nanometric particles have a substantially homogeneous distribution within said porous polymeric matrix and said suprarmolecular aggregates of amphiphilic molecules are dispersed in and constrained to said porous polymeric matrix.2. Porous polymeric matrix of for use for the delivery of chemicals.3. Porous polymeric matrix of for use for the delivery of anticancer agents.5. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the porous polymeric matrix is provided in the shape of a thin film with a thickness comprised between 10 μm and 1000 μm and preferably between 40 μm and 500 μm.6. The release device according to claim 4 , wherein the pores of the porous polymeric matrix have sizes comprised in the range of 10 nm÷5000 nm claim 4 , preferably between 50 and 500 nm.7. The release device according to claim 4 , wherein said chemical species comprises at least a pharmacological agent claim 4 , in particular an antitumour pharmacological agent.8. The release device according to claim 4 , wherein said nanometric particles are metallic claim 4 , apt to be excited at determined frequencies of plasmonic resonance if illuminated by a light beam claim 4 , preferably in the shape of nanorods.9. The release device according to claim 8 , wherein said nanometric particles are gold nanorods.10. The release device according to claim ...

ORAL MEDICAMENT COMPRISING AN OSMOTIC LAXATIVE INCORPORATED INTO A MATRIX BASED ON PLANT FATS

Oral medicament comprising an osmotic laxative incorporated into a matrix based on plant fats. The present invention relates to an oral pharmaceutical composition comprising: between 30 and 55% by weight of said pharmaceutical composition of micronized anhydrous macrogol; and between 45 and 70% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition of a carrier consisting of an anhydrous hydrophobic lipid coating based on fatty compounds of plant origin, having a melting point of between 36 and 38° C., and to the use thereof as laxative. Said composition enables the reduction in the daily dosage of macrogol by preserving the osmotic pressure thereof as far as the colon, the site of therapeutic action of osmotic laxatives; said carrier protects the macrogol from a reduction, due to the moisture in the digestive tract, in the osmotic pressure. 1. An oral pharmaceutical composition , the purpose of which is to maintain the osmotic pressure of the macrogol throughout its oral administration , thereby reducing the daily dosage of this laxative , comprising:between 30 and 55% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition of anhydrous macrogol; andbetween 45 and 70% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition of a carrier consisting of an anhydrous hydrophobic lipid coating based on fatty compound of plant origin and with a melting point between 36 and 38° C.;between 0 and 5% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition of an excipient selected from thinners, agents that improve homogeneity, sweeteners, aromas, and emulsifiers.2. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 , wherein said anhydrous lipid coating is made of:either up to 100% by weight of the carrier of shea butter, cocoa butter, or a combination thereof;or from 12 to 25% by weight of the carrier of vegetable wax;and, depending on whether it is a vegetable butter or vegetable wax, from 25 to 88% by weight of the carrier of a vegetable oil allowing adjustment of the melting point of said carrier to 36 to 38° C.3. ...

MULTI-LUMEN DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES

Drug delivery devices () are provided herein and include an elongated, elastic body () extending between a first end and a second end, wherein the elastic body comprises a water permeable wall structure () having defining an elongated drug reservoir lumen () extending between the first and second ends. One or more secondary lumens () are structured (e.g., positioned, sized, shaped, and optionally filled) to be effective to retard or prevent in vivodiffusion of (i) water into the drug reservoir lumen and/or (ii) solubilized drug out of the drug reservoir lumen. 1. A drug delivery device for controlled release of drug into a patient comprising:an elongated, elastic body extending between a first end and a second end, wherein the elastic body comprises a outer wall structure having an external surface and an inner surface, the outer wall structure having an annular shape and extending between the first and second ends;an arcuate interior wall structure extending across the annulus of the outer wall structure and connected to the interior surface of the outer wall structure in a manner to define within the annulus an elongate drug reservoir lumen, which has a non-cylindrical cross-sectional shape, on one side of the interior wall structure and a secondary lumen on a second side of the interior wall structure;a drug payload disposed in the drug reservoir lumen, the drug payload comprising a drug,wherein the device is elastically deformable between a relatively straightened shape suited for insertion of the device through a urethra and a coiled retention shape.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the outer wall structure is water permeable.3. (canceled)4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the outer wall structure adjacent the drug reservoir lumen comprises two different materials of construction claim 1 , of which a first material is impermeable to the drug when the drug is in solution and a second material which is permeable to the drug when the drug is in solution.5. The ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AIR TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN AN OXYGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANE BASED REACTOR

A system and method for air temperature control in an oxygen transport membrane based reactor is provided. The system and method involves introducing a specific quantity of cooling air or trim air in between stages in a multistage oxygen transport membrane based reactor or furnace to maintain generally consistent surface temperatures of the oxygen transport membrane elements and associated reactors. The associated reactors may include reforming reactors, boilers or process gas heaters. 1. A method for air temperature control in a multi-stage reactively driven oxygen transport membrane based reactor comprising the steps of:introducing a flow of a heated oxygen containing feed stream to the multi-stage reactively driven oxygen transport membrane based reactor, the heated oxygen containing feed stream having a temperature from about 800° C. to about 1000° C.;passing the heated oxygen containing feed stream across the surfaces of a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements in a first stage of the multi-stage reactively driven oxygen transport membrane based reactor wherein the some oxygen is depleted from the heated oxygen containing feed stream to produce a first residual stream at a temperature at or above the heated oxygen containing feed stream temperature;introducing a flow of supplemental cooling air to the first residual stream within the multi-stage oxygen transport membrane based reactor;mixing the flow of supplemental cooling air with the first residual stream within the multi-stage oxygen transport membrane based reactor to produce a mixed stream having a mixed stream temperature;passing the mixed stream across the surfaces of a second plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements in a second stage of the multi-stage reactively driven oxygen transport membrane based reactor wherein the some oxygen is depleted from the mixed stream to produce a second residual stream at a temperature above the mixed stream temperature; andexhausting a stream containing ...

COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

Disclosed are compositions comprising amantadine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more excipients, wherein at least one of the excipients modifies release of amantadine. Methods of administering the same are also provided. 4. The composition of any one of to , wherein the extended release form comprises an osmotic device , which utilizes an osmotic driving force to provide extended release of amantadine.5. The composition of any one of to , wherein the amount of drug is 100 to 500 mg.6. The composition of any one of to , wherein the amount of drug is 200 to 500 mg.7. The composition of any one of to , wherein at least 75% of the drug in the composition is in an extended release form.8. The composition of any one of to , wherein at least 90% of the drug in the composition is in an extended release form.9. The composition of any one of to , wherein the composition provides a shift in amantadine Tmax of 2 hours to 16 hours relative to an immediate release form of amantadine , wherein the Tmax is measured in a single dose human pharmacokinetic study.10. The composition of any one of to , wherein the extent of drug bioavailability is maintained.11. The composition of any one of to , wherein at least some of the drug is in an immediate release form. This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/451,262, filed Aug. 4, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/328,440, filed Jul. 10, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,895,614, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/958,153, filed Aug. 2, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,796,337, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/756,275, filed Jan. 31, 2013, now abandoned, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/286,448, filed on Nov. 23, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,389,578, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/631,095 filed on Nov. 24, 2004, all of which applications ...

MEMBRANE VALVE MODULATED GAS GENERATOR

A device includes a case having a surface with a perforation and a cavity. A membrane is supported by the case inside the cavity and has an impermeable valve plate positioned proximate the perforation. The membrane is water vapor permeable and gas impermeable and flexes responsive to a difference in pressure between the cavity and outside the cavity to selectively allow water vapor to pass through the perforation into the cavity as a function of the difference in pressure. 1. A device comprising:a case having a surface with a perforation and a cavity;a membrane supported by the case inside the cavity, the membrane having an impermeable valve plate positioned proximate the perforation, wherein the membrane is water vapor permeable and gas impermeable and flexes responsive to a difference in pressure between the cavity and outside the cavity to selectively allow water vapor to pass through the perforation into the cavity as a function of the difference in pressure.2. The device of and further comprising a gasket positioned to mate between the perforation and the valve plate and form a seal between the valve plate and the perforation when the difference in pressure pushes the membrane and valve plate toward the perforation.3. The device of wherein the membrane is supported by the case at a perimeter of the membrane such that water vapor can only travel through the membrane to reach the cavity containing the gas generating fuel.4. The device of wherein the case further comprises a gas permeable plate positioned between the membrane and the cavity containing a gas generating fuel.5. The device of and further comprising a particulate filter supported by the perforated plate to contain fuel particles within the cavity.6. The device of wherein the case further comprises an exit opening for gas generated from a gas generating fuel within the cavity responsive to water vapor.7. The device of wherein the exit opening comprises a check valve.8. The device of and further ...

Delivery Capsule with Threshold Release

A capsule includes a compressible reservoir and a gas generating unit disposed in a housing. A threshold valve seals an opening in the housing, through which contents of the reservoir may exit the capsule. Gas generated by the gas generating unit increases pressure in the capsule, thereby compressing the reservoir. When a pressure acting on the threshold valve reaches a threshold pressure, the threshold valve opens, releasing contents of the reservoir.

ORAL PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION

Provided is a means that is capable of preventing initial excessive release of an active ingredient and that allows for sustained release of the active ingredient in a pharmaceutically active amount over a long period of time. 1. A controlled release oral solid pharmaceutical composition comprising:an active ingredient, wherein the active ingredient is a salt of 7-[4-(4-benzo [b]thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl)butoxy]-1H-quinolin-2-one andan additive, wherein the additive comprises an ion in common with the salt.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the active ingredient is a fumaric acid salt claim 1 , a phosphoric acid salt claim 1 , a hydrochloric acid salt claim 1 , a sulfuric acid salt claim 1 , a citric acid salt claim 1 , or a tartaric acid salt of 7-[4-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl) butoxy]-1H-quinolin-2-one.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the active ingredient is a fumaric acid salt of 7-[4-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl) butoxy]-1H-quinolin-2-one claim 1 , and the additive is is chosen from fumaric acid claim 1 , monosodium fumarate claim 1 , and disodium fumarate.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the controlled release oral solid pharmaceutical composition further comprises a cellulose-based water-soluble polymer.5. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein the cellulose-based water-soluble polymer is chosen from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose claim 4 , hydroxypropyl cellulose claim 4 , and methyl cellulose.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the controlled release oral solid pharmaceutical composition is an osmotic pump composition.7. The composition according to claim 6 , wherein the osmotic pump composition comprises a drug layer comprising a cellulose-based water-soluble polymer.8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the cellulose-based water-soluble polymer is hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.9. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the controlled ...

COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

Disclosed are compositions comprising amantadine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more excipients, wherein at least one of the excipients modifies release of amantadine. Methods of administering the same are also provided. 1. A composition suitable for once daily oral administration to a human subject consisting of (i) 50 to 500 mg of a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof , and (ii) at least one excipient ,wherein at least one of said excipients is a release modifying excipient, andwherein at least 50% of said drug is in an extended release form, andwherein administration of the composition once daily provides a steady state plasma concentration of about 3 μM.2. A composition suitable for once daily oral administration to a human subject consisting of (i) 50 to 500 mg of a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof , and (ii) at least one excipient ,wherein at least one of said excipients is a release modifying excipient, andwherein at least 50% of said drug is in an extended release form, andwherein administration of the composition once daily provides a steady state plasma concentration of about 0.5 μg/ml.3. The composition of or , wherein at least 75% of the drug in the composition is in an extended release form.4. The composition of or , wherein at least 90% of the drug in the composition is in an extended release form.5. The composition of or , wherein at least some of the drug in the composition is in an immediate release form.6. The composition of or , wherein the amount of drug is 100 mg to 500 mg.7. The composition of or , wherein the amount of drug is 200 mg to 500 mg.8. The composition of or , wherein the amount of drug is 300 mg to 500 mg.9. The composition of or , wherein the composition provides a shift in amantadine Tmax of 2 hours to 16 hours relative to an immediate release form of amantadine , wherein ...

Container

The present invention relates to a container for an analyte-sensitive gel. When analyte contacts such a gel it causes a gel-sol transition resulting in decreased viscosity of the gel. Such gels can be used for controlling the rate of release of an agent from a reservoir in response to the concentration of an analyte. The container is configured to allow analyte to pass into the container and contact the gel and to allow agent to diffuse out of the container. Such a container may be implantable in the body of a subject and therefore it is preferred if the container is constructed from materials that can be tolerated by the body for a period of time. Advantageously, the container limits the swelling and dilution of gel contained within the container caused by the influx of water into the gel by osmosis. The container therefore maintains the gel in a desired conformation and ensures a predictable release profile of the agent. 1. A container for a gel comprising first and second gel forming moieties which bind reversibly to one another to form a gel , said binding being sensitive to the level of an analyte; the container allowing movement of the analyte into and out of the gel and being capable of resisting an internal pressure of at least about 250 mbar (25 kPa) to limit swelling of the gel caused by influx of water into the gel by osmosis.2. The container of claim 1 , containing a gel comprising first and second gel forming moieties which bind reversibly to one another to form a gel claim 1 , said binding being sensitive to the level of an analyte.3. A container containing a gel claim 1 , wherein(a) the gel comprises first and second gel forming moieties which bind reversibly to one another to form a gel, said binding being sensitive to the level of an analyte, and(b) the container allows movement of the analyte into and out of the gel and limits swelling of the gel caused by influx of water into the gel by osmosis.4. The container of claim 3 , wherein the container ...

APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

The current is directed to a device comprising, a reaction chamber where a reaction takes place, one or more feeding chambers which contain feeding solution comprising chemicals required for the reaction, and one or more porous membranes separating the reaction chamber from the one or more feeding chambers, and wherein the one or more porous membranes are in substantially vertical position. The current invention is also directed to an apparatus comprising a plurality of devices, wherein each device comprises of a reaction chamber where a reaction takes place, one or more feeding chambers which contain feeding solution comprising chemicals required for the reaction, and one or more porous membranes which separate the reaction chamber from feeding chambers, wherein the one or more porous membranes are in substantially vertical position. These devices and apparatuses can be used for high throughput synthesis of biomolecules and chemicals and biological screening assays. 1. A device comprising:a) a reaction chamber,b) one or more feeding chambers,c) one or more porous membranes separating the reaction chamber and the one or more feeding chambers, wherein the one or more porous membranes allow passage of certain chemicals between the reaction chamber and the one or more feeding chambers while preventing passage of other chemicals from the reaction chamber and the one or more feeding chambers, and wherein the one or more porous membranes are in substantially vertical position.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein a single porous membrane separates the reaction chamber and said one or more feeding chambers.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein more than one porous membrane separates the reaction chamber and said one or more feeding chambers.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein the said one or more feeding chamber is separated from said reaction chambers by a height differential.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the height differential (Δh) is less than 15.0 mm.6. The device of ...

MICROFABRICATED NANOPORE DEVICE FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE OF THERAPEUTIC AGENT

A drug delivery device that includes a capsule for implantation into the body; the capsule further includes a reservoir for containing a substance such as a therapeutic agent, at least one port for allowing the substance to diffuse from or otherwise exit the reservoir, and a nanopore membrane in communication with the capsule at or near the exit port for controlling the rate of diffusion of the substance from the exit port. The device also includes an optional screen for providing structural stability to the nanopore membrane and for keeping the pores of the nanopore membrane clear. One embodiment of the drug delivery device includes an osmotic engine internal to the device for creating fluid flow through the device. 1. A method for delivering a therapeutic agent , comprising:providing a device comprising a capsule having a fluid impermeable wall defining a reservoir for containing a therapeutic agent; said capsule further comprising an exit port in communication with the reservoir and a nanopore membrane in communication with the exit port, said nanopore membrane comprising pores dimensioned to be between about 1 to about 5 times the Stoke's diameter of the therapeutic agent, to provide release kinetics which approach zero-order release of the therapeutic agent for a period of between about several weeks to about 6 months.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming an aqueous solution or suspension of said therapeutic agent in said reservoir prior to implantation of the device in a subject.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said providing comprises providing a device comprising a therapeutic agent disposed in the reservoir in dried form claim 1 , and wherein an aqueous solution or suspension of said therapeutic agent in said reservoir is formed after implantation of the device into a subject.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising implanting the device subcutaneously.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the device is comprised of titanium.6. The ...

METHODS FOR DELIVERING ENTANERCEPT PREPARATIONS INTO A LUMEN OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT USING A SWALLOWABLE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE

Embodiments of the invention provide swallowable devices, preparations and methods for delivering drugs and other therapeutic agents within the GI tract. Many embodiments provide a swallowable device for delivering the agents. Particular embodiments provide a swallowable device such as a capsule for delivering drugs into the intestinal wall or other GI lumen. Embodiments also provide various drug preparations that are configured to be contained within the capsule, advanced from the capsule into the intestinal wall and degrade to release the drug into the bloodstream to produce a therapeutic effect. The preparation can be operably coupled to delivery means having a first configuration where the preparation is contained in the capsule and a second configuration where the preparation is advanced out of the capsule into the intestinal wall. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for the delivery of drugs which are poorly absorbed, tolerated and/or degraded within the GI tract. 1. (canceled)2. A method for delivering Etanercept to a patient , the method comprising:providing a solid Etanercept dosage shaped as a tissue penetrating member having a pointed tip, the tissue penetrating member configured to be carried by a swallowable capsule and penetrate and be inserted into an intestinal wall, wherein upon ingestion, the capsule advances to the small intestine of the patient; anddelivering the solid Etanercept dosage into the wall of the small intestine by an application of mechanical force upon a surface of the tissue penetrating member from an actuator operably coupled to the tissue penetrating member wherein upon insertion into the intestinal wall, the tissue penetrating member remains to release Etanercept into the blood stream from the intestinal wall by degradation of the of the tissue penetrating member.3. A method as in claim 2 , wherein actuator comprises an expandable member or an expandable balloon.4. A method as in claim 2 , wherein the Etanercept ...

TWO-PIECE, INTERNAL-CHANNEL OSMOTIC DELIVERY SYSTEM FLOW MODULATOR

An osmotic delivery system flow modulator includes an outer shell constructed and arranged for positioning in an opening, an inner core inserted in the outer shell, and a fluid channel having a spiral shape defined between the outer shell and the inner core. The fluid channel is adapted for delivery of an active agent formulation from the reservoir of the osmotic delivery system. 120.-. (canceled)21. An implantable delivery system for an active agent formulation , comprising: a reservoir made of an impermeable material; a first chamber in the reservoir containing an osmotic engine; a second chamber in the reservoir containing an active agent formulation; a partition within the reservoir , the partition defining within the reservoir the first chamber containing the osmotic engine and the second chamber containing the active agent formulation; a semipermeable plug disposed at a first end of the reservoir adjacent the first chamber; and a flow modulator , wherein the flow modulator comprises a delivery orifice through which the active agent formulation is delivered , and the flow modulator does not comprise a fill hole through which the active agent formulation can be injected into the second chamber or a vent hole through which gasses may escape from the second chamber.22. The implantable delivery system of claim 21 , wherein the flow modulator is press fitted into a second end of the reservoir adjacent the second chamber. This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application No. 60/809,451, filed May 30, 2006, the content of which is incorporated herein in its entirety.The invention relates generally to osmotic delivery systems for sustained delivery of active agents in fluid environments. More particularly, the invention relates to a flow modulator for delivering an active agent from an osmotic delivery system in a fluid environment.illustrates a prior-art osmotic delivery system , as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,524,305 issued to Peterson et al. The ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS USING AN OXYGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANE BASED REFORMING SYSTEM WITH SECONDARY REFORMING

A method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out a primary reforming process, a secondary reforming process. 14-. (canceled)5. An oxygen transport membrane based reforming system for producing synthesis gas comprising:a reactor housing;a plurality of catalyst containing and reactively driven oxygen transport membrane elements or tubes disposed in the reactor housing and configured to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing feed stream and produce an oxygen permeate at a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements or tubes and an oxygen depleted stream, wherein one or more catalysts are disposed proximate the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane tubes or elements;a plurality of catalyst containing reformer tubes disposed in the reactor housing juxtaposed to the oxygen transport membrane elements or tubes, the catalyst containing reformer tubes configured to produce a partially reformed synthesis gas stream by reforming a hydrocarbon containing feed and steam in the presence of the catalyst contained in the reformer tubes and heat radiated from the juxtaposed oxygen transport membrane elements or tubes;wherein an outlet of the catalyst containing reformer tubes is fluidically coupled to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements or tubes such that the partially reformed synthesis gas flows through the oxygen transport membrane elements or tubes,wherein hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane in the partially reformed synthesis gas reacts with the oxygen permeate at the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements or tubes to reactively drive the separation of oxygen from the oxygen containing feed stream and to produce partial oxidation reaction products and heat; andwherein the oxygen transport membrane elements and tubes are further configured to produce a synthesis gas product stream by the partial oxidation and by further ...

DEVICE FOR ORAL DELIVERY OF ACTIVE AGENTS

A device for the delivery of an agent to an intestinal site has a backing element, a mucoadhesive element for adhering the device to the intestinal site, and a reservoir comprising the agent. The mucoadhesive element includes a polymer, an opposing surface having the capacity to adhere to the intestinal site, and a population of passageway(s) extending from the reservoir to the opposing surface for delivery of the agent from the reservoir to the intestinal site, each of the passageway(s) having a minimum diameter greater than 10 microns, the diameter being determined by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy after 30 minutes of hydration at 20° C. in phosphate buffered saline at pH 6.5. 1. A device for the delivery of an agent to an intestinal site , the device comprising a backing element , a mucoadhesive element for adhering the device to the intestinal site , and a reservoir comprising the agent , whereinthe mucoadhesive element comprises a polymer, an opposing surface having the capacity to adhere to the intestinal site, and a population of passageway(s) extending from the reservoir to the opposing surface for delivery of the agent from the reservoir to the intestinal site, each of the passageway(s) having a minimum diameter greater than 10 microns, the diameter being determined by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy after 30 minutes of hydration at 20° C. in phosphate buffered saline at pH 6.5.2. A device for the delivery of an agent to an intestinal site , the device comprising a backing element , a mucoadhesive element for adhering the device to the intestinal site , a push element for induction of convective flow of the agent to the intestinal site , and a reservoir comprising the agent , whereinthe agent comprises molecules having a molecular weight of at least 100 Da, the push element comprises an osmagent, the mucoadhesive element comprises a polymer, an opposing surface having the capacity to adhere to the intestinal site, and a population of ...

CONTINUOUSLY RUNNING EXOTHERMIC REACTOR SYSTEM

A heat generating system comprises two or more thermal reactors. During operation, a first thermal reactor is pressurized while a second thermal reactor is depressurized to vent unused gas and byproduct. The unused gas and byproduct from the second reactor are separated in a gas separator and the unused gas is supplied to the first reactor while the first reactor is pressurized. An exothermic reaction is triggered in the first reactor, which results in generation of heat and byproduct cluster formation. When the exothermic reaction is complete, the process is reversed and the second thermal reactor is pressurized while the first reactor is depressurized. 1. A thermal reaction system comprising:a first thermal reactor;a second thermal reactor;a compressor configured to supply, during a first time period, gas to the first thermal reactor to pressurize the first thermal reactor while venting unused gas and by-product from the second thermal reactor to de-pressurize the second thermal reactor;a gas separator configured to separate, during the first time period, the unused gas and by-product vented from the second thermal reactor; anda return line connecting an output of the gas separator to an inlet of the compressor and configured to recycle, during the first time period, the unused gas vented from the second thermal reactor to the first thermal reactor.2. The thermal reaction system of wherein:the compressor is further configured to supply, during a second time period, gas under pressure to the second thermal reactor to pressurize the second thermal reactor while simultaneously venting unused gas and by-product from the first thermal reactor to de-pressurize the first thermal reactor;the gas separator is further configured to separate, during the second time period, the unused gas and by-product vented from the first thermal reactor; andthe return line is further configured to recycle, during the second time period, the unused gas vented from the first thermal reactor ...

IMPLANTABLE DEVICE FOR CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY

Implantable devices and methods for delivery of lidocaine or other drugs to a patient are provided. In one embodiment, the device includes a first drug portion which has a first drug housing which contains a first drug formulation in a solid form which includes a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of lidocaine; and a second drug portion which includes a second drug housing which contains a second drug formulation which includes lidocaine base. In another embodiment, the device includes a drug reservoir component which has an elastic tube having at least one lumen bounded by a porous sidewall having an open-cell structure, a closed-cell structure, or a combination thereof; and a drug formulation contained within the at least one lumen, wherein the device is deformable between a low-profile deployment shape and a relatively expanded retention shape. 1. An implantable device for delivery of lidocaine to a patient , comprising:a first drug portion which comprises a first drug housing which contains a first drug formulation which comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of lidocaine, the first drug formulation being in solid form; anda second drug portion which comprises a second drug housing which contains a second drug formulation which comprises lidocaine base.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first drug housing is water permeable claim 1 , impermeable to the lidocaine salt claim 1 , comprises an aperture claim 1 , and provides release of the lidocaine salt in vivo by osmotic pressure.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second drug housing is permeable to water and to lidocaine base in aqueous solution claim 1 , and provides release of the lidocaine base in vivo by diffusion.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second drug housings are partitioned areas of a single tubular body.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein at least one of the first and second drug formulations comprises a plurality of drug tablets aligned within the single tubular body in a ...

TREATMENT OF A DISEASE OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT WITH A JAK INHIBITOR AND DEVICES

This disclosure features methods and compositions for treating diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with a JAK inhibitor. 1383.-. (canceled)384. A method of treating ulcerative colitis in a subject , the method comprising: an ingestible housing comprising a reservoir, the reservoir containing a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a JAK inhibitor;', 'a release mechanism having a closed state wherein the pharmaceutical formulation is retained in the reservoir and an open state which allows for the release of the pharmaceutical formulation from the reservoir to the exterior of the ingestible device;', 'an actuator which controls the transition of the release mechanism from the closed state to the open state;', "a detector for detecting a location of the ingestible device in the subject's gastrointestinal (GI) tract; and", 'a processor coupled to the detector and to the actuator, wherein the processor triggers the actuator to cause the release mechanism to transition from the closed state to the open state when the ingestible device is located in the cecum, wherein the cecum has been predetermined to be proximal to one or more disease sites,', 'thereby releasing the pharmaceutical formulation comprising the JAK inhibitor from the ingestible device when the ingestible device is located in the cecum of the subject., 'orally administering to the subject an ingestible device comprising385. The method of claim 384 , wherein the one or more disease sites is in the colon.386. The method of claim 384 , wherein the JAK inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of tofacitinib claim 384 , filgotinib claim 384 , TD-1473 and ruxolitinib; and generic equivalents thereof.387. The method of claim 386 , wherein the JAK inhibitor is tofacitinib or a generic equivalent thereof.388. The method of claim 384 , wherein the ingestible device further comprises one or more machine-readable hardware storage devices that stores instructions that are ...

IN VIVO DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES AND METHODS FOR DRUG DELIVERY

Drug delivery devices and methods of administering drugs to patients are provided. A device () includes a reservoir () containing a drug (). The reservoir () is defined by a wall () having a water-permeable portion, such that the water-permeable portion permits water to enter the device () and contact the drug (). A restraining plug () closes off an opening of the device () such that transient microchannels () form between an elastic portion () of the device () and the restraining plug (), upon the generation of a sufficient pressure within the reservoir (), to release the drug () from the device (). Methods of treating patients for neurogenic detrusor overactivity resulting from a spinal cord injury and/or for idiopathic overactive bladder and urinary incontinence are also described. 1. A drug delivery device comprising:a body that comprises a wall bounding a reservoir defined within the body, the wall having at least one preformed through-hole disposed therein and comprising a water-permeable portion, the body comprising an elastic portion;a drug formulation which comprises a drug, the drug formulation being disposed within the reservoir; andat least one restraining plug closing off an opening of the body and contacting the elastic portion of the body, the opening being in fluid communication with the reservoir,wherein the water-permeable portion of the wall is configured to permit water to enter the drug delivery device and contact the drug formulation located in the reservoir,wherein release of the drug from the device is controlled by (i) release of the drug through the at least one preformed through-hole in the wall, and (ii) release of the drug through the transient formation of one or more microchannels between the elastic portion of the body and the at least one restraining plug, extending to the opening, upon the generation within the reservoir of a hydrostatic pressure effective to form the one or more microchannels.2. The drug delivery device of claim 1 ...

PARTITIONED REACTION VESSELS

In view of the needs of the art, the present invention provides a reaction vessel having two distinct compartments, for separating solid-supported reagents. The present invention also provides a method to perform two step radiochemistry procedures in one reactor in a clean and efficient manner. An example of the chemistry that could benefit from this approach is ‘click’ radiochemistry. The present invention provides a method to form the synthon, and react it with an alkyne without the need to perform a purification step. 1. A partitioned reaction vessel for radiochemistry comprising:A chamber comprising a housing , said housing defining a cavity, said housing further defining an open port in fluid communication with said cavity;A first porous separations media comprising opposed first and second major surfaces, said first major surface being in facing opposition to a first compartment of said cavity, said first compartment being suitable for containing a solid-supported precursor for a radiochemistry method, said second major surface being in facing opposition to a second compartment of said cavity, said second compartment suitable for containing a solid-supported catalyst for a radiochemistry method;Wherein said separations media comprises a planar membrane body defining porous passageways extending through said membrane body and opening on said first and second major surfaces; andWherein said porous passageways are sized to permit a radioisotope-labelled synthon to pass between said first compartment and said second compartment while maintaining said solid-supported precursor in said first compartment.2. A partitioned reaction vessel of claim 1 , wherein said first compartment is defined between said first separations media and a portion of said housing.3. A partitioned reaction vessel of claim 1 , wherein said separations media defines said first compartment.4. A partitioned reaction vessel of claim 1 , further comprising a second separations media comprising a ...

Implantable drug delivery device

The invention pertains to implantable medical devices for controlled delivery of therapeutic agents. Some devices according to the invention have a titanium reservoir, and a porous titanium oxide based membrane to control the rate of release of the therapeutic agent. The reservoir contains a formulation of the active agent, and means to promote water uptake into the reservoir upon implantation. In some embodiments the means include a gas with a higher solubility in than air water.

OSMOTICALLY ACTIVE VAGINAL DELIVERY SYSTEM

The present invention relates to the field of drug delivery systems. More particularly, the invention relates to osmotically active intravaginal delivery systems for the controlled release of therapeutically active substances to the vaginal cavity. 1. An osmotically active vaginal delivery system , the body of which comprisesat least one compartment comprising a composition of one or more therapeutically active substancesat least one compartment, either the same or different from the one comprising the therapeutically active substance(s), which comprises an osmotical composition capable to interact with water and aqueous biological fluids to create a concentration gradient against the exterior fluid or to swell or expand to create osmotic pressure, andat least one passageway extending from the compartment comprising the composition of one or more therapeutically active substances to the outer surface of the body.2. An osmotically active vaginal delivery system according to wherein the body of the delivery system comprises polymer composition which is permeable to the passage of water or external aqueous fluid present in the vaginal cavity but is impermeable to the compositions inside the system.3. An osmotically active vaginal delivery system according to claim 1 , wherein at least part of the delivery system is covered by a membrane made of polymer composition which is permeable to the passage of water or external aqueous fluid present in the vaginal cavity but is impermeable to the compositions inside the system.4. An osmotically active vaginal delivery system according to claim 3 , wherein said membrane is in the form of a tubular polymer segment having equal or slightly greater inner diameter than the outer diameter of the system.5. An osmotically active vaginal delivery system according to claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically active composition and the osmotical composition are in the same compartment.6. An osmotically active vaginal delivery system according ...

TWO-PIECE, INTERNAL-CHANNEL OSMOTIC DELIVERY SYSTEM FLOW MODULATOR

An osmotic delivery system flow modulator includes an outer shell constructed and arranged for positioning in an opening, an inner core inserted in the outer shell, and a fluid channel having a spiral shape defined between the outer shell and the inner core. The fluid channel is adapted for delivery of an active agent formulation from the reservoir of the osmotic delivery system. 120-. (canceled)21. A process of making a flow modulator for an osmotic delivery system , comprising: the inner surface of the outer shell member such that the at least one groove extends from the inlet end to the outlet end and at least a portion of the at least one groove has a helical shape around an axis from the inlet end to the outlet end; and', 'the outer surface of the inner core member such that when the inner core member is disposed in the internal volume, the at least one groove extends from the inlet end to the outlet end and at least a portion of the at least one groove has a helical shape around the axis from the inlet end to the outlet end; and, 'forming an outer shell member and an inner core member from at least one non-metallic, nonreactive polymer material, the outer shell member comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, and an inner surface defining an internal volume for receiving the inner core member, the inner core member comprising an outer surface for engaging with the inner surface of the outer shell member when the inner core member is disposed in the internal volume, wherein at least one groove is formed in at least one ofdisposing the inner core member in the internal volume such that the outer surface of the inner core member sealingly engages the inner surface of the outer shell member and the at least one groove defines at least one fluid channel between the inner surface of the outer shell member and the outer surface of the inner core member such that the at least one fluid channel extends from the inlet end to the outlet end and at least a portion of the at ...

AN OSMOTIC ACTUATOR FOR AN INJECTING DEVICE AND AN INJECTION DEVICE COMPRISING SUCH AN OSMOTIC ACTUATOR

An osmotic actuator () for an injection device () is disclosed, which osmotic actuator () comprises a pressure chamber () having one or more outlets () and containing a draw solution, one or more osmotic membranes (), a cavity () containing water, and a dilution-compensating arrangement, wherein the one or more osmotic membranes () forms a part of an internal surface area of the pressure chamber (), wherein the cavity () containing water abuts at least part of an external surface of the one or more osmotic membranes (), and wherein the dilution-compensating arrangement is arranged to compensate for the dilution of the draw solution near the one or more osmotic membranes (), which occurs when water from the cavity () enters the pressure chamber () through the one or more osmotic membranes (). Furthermore, an injection device () comprising such an osmotic actuator () is disclosed. 1. An osmotic actuator for an injection device adapted for subcutaneous injection of a medicament into the tissue of a user , which osmotic actuator comprises one or more osmotic membranes,', 'a cavity containing a solvent, and, 'a pressure chamber having one or more outlets and containing a draw solution,'}a dilution-compensating arrangement,wherein the one or more osmotic membranes forms a part of an internal surface area of the pressure chamber, and wherein the cavity containing the solvent abuts at least part of an external surface of the one or more osmotic membranes, so that at least one common boundary between the pressure chamber and the cavity containing the solvent is formed by the one or more osmotic membranes, andwherein the dilution-compensating arrangement is arranged to compensate for the dilution of the draw solution near the one or more osmotic membranes, which dilution occurs when solvent from the cavity enters the pressure chamber through the one or more osmotic membranes.23-. (canceled)4. The osmotic actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the dilution-compensating ...

OSMOTIC ENERGY TRANSFER DEVICES AND METHODS

Osmotic energy transfer systems utilize cyclic electro-chemical stimuli to induce an osmotic gradient and corresponding fluid flows across a semi-permeable membrane. The fluid transfers and osmotic flows are converted into mechanical displacements. By cycling or pulsing the electro-chemical stimuli, fluid transfers across the semi-permeable membrane repeatedly alternatingly change direction over time and correspondingly realizing a cycle of reciprocating mechanical displacements. 1. A method of transferring energy utilizing osmosis , the method comprising: (i) a working body which is deformable and which defines an enclosure having a cavity;', '(ii) a semi-permeable membrane which separates the working body cavity into first and second compartments;', '(iii) a solvent fluid which occupies the first and second compartments, is transferable therebetween through the semi-permeable membrane, and has solute contained therein;', '(iv) an actuatable member interfacing with the working body such that deformations of the working body correspond to a positional translation of the actuatable member;, '(a) providing an osmotic system having(b) subjecting the working body to an electric field; (i) establishing an osmotic gradient across the semi-permeable membrane by changing the concentration of readily available solute within the solvent in at least one of the first and second compartments;', '(ii) transferring solvent fluid from the compartment with the relatively lesser concentration of solute, across the semi-permeable membrane, into the compartment with the relatively greater concentration of solute;, '(c) influencing an osmotic event in response to the electric field by(d) deforming the working body and correspondingly positionally translating the actuatable member from a first position to a second position;(e) attenuating the intensity of the electric field, again deforming the working body, and correspondingly positionally translating the actuatable member from the ...

METHODS FOR DELIVERING ETANERCEPT PREPARATIONS INTO A LUMEN OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT USING A SWALLOWABLE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE

Embodiments of the invention provide swallowable devices, preparations and methods for delivering drugs and other therapeutic agents within the GI tract. Many embodiments provide a swallowable device for delivering the agents. Particular embodiments provide a swallowable device such as a capsule for delivering drugs into the intestinal wall or other GI lumen. Embodiments also provide various drug preparations that are configured to be contained within the capsule, advanced from the capsule into the intestinal wall and degrade to release the drug into the bloodstream to produce a therapeutic effect. The preparation can be operably coupled to delivery means having a first configuration where the preparation is contained in the capsule and a second configuration where the preparation is advanced out of the capsule into the intestinal wall. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for the delivery of drugs which are poorly absorbed, tolerated and/or degraded within the GI tract. 1. (canceled)2. A method for delivering Etanercept into the wall of the small intestine , the method comprising:swallowing a drug delivery device comprising a capsule, an actuator having a first configuration and a second configuration and a Etanercept preparation operably coupled to the actuator, the Etanercept preparation comprising a therapeutically effective dose of Etanercept, the preparation being contained within the capsule in the first configuration and advanced out of the capsule and into the lumen wall in the second configuration so as to deliver the Etanercept preparation into the lumen wall; andactuating the actuator responsive to a condition in the small intestine to deliver the Etanercept preparation into the wall of the small intestine.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the condition is a selected pH.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the pH is above about 7.1.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein a weight percent of Etanercept in the solid dosage Etanercept comprises ...

Controlled Release Dosage Form

The present invention provides a simple and improved dose form that is capable of providing a controlled release of GABAreceptor agonist contained in the core thereof. The invention also provides methods of administering the dosage form and of treating conditions that are therapeutically responsive to GABAreceptor agonist. 1) A method for treating a condition , disorder or disease that is therapeutically responsive to arbaclofen (ARBAC) , the method comprising orally administering , to a subject in need thereof at least one controlled release dosage form comprising arbaclofen , wherein the dosage form exhibits a positive food effect in terms of bioavailability , Tmax , Cmax , AUCand/or AUCof ARBAC when comparing oral administration of the dosage form in the fed and fasting states.2) The method of claim 1 , wherein the condition claim 1 , disorder or disease is selected from the group consisting of spasticity claim 1 , spastic diplegia claim 1 , spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis claim 1 , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis claim 1 , trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgias claim 1 , spinal cord injury claim 1 , alcoholism claim 1 , alcohol addiction claim 1 , dependence or alcohol abuse claim 1 , gastro-esophageal reflux disease claim 1 , emesis claim 1 , cough claim 1 , narcotic addiction or abuse claim 1 , nicotine addiction or abuse claim 1 , neuropathic pain and musculoskeletal pain claim 1 , nocturnal acid breakthrough claim 1 , chronic hiccups claim 1 , dyspepsia claim 1 , non-nuclear dyspepsia claim 1 , gastric motility disorder claim 1 , migraine claim 1 , Post-traumatic Stress Disorder claim 1 , depression claim 1 , anxiety claim 1 , and lower urinary tract dysfunction.3) The method of claim 1 , wherein the dosage form provides a controlled release of ARBAC for a period of at least 8 and up to about 24 hours.4) The method of claim 1 , wherein about 40 to about 80% wt of the drug is released after six hours claim 1 , about 55 to about 100% of the ...

Self-Assembled Microcapsules for Optically Controlled Cargo Encapsulation and Release

Self-assembled organic ligand functionalized microcapsules encapsulating one or more substrates, which release the substrates upon activation with a power source, are provided. Compositions that include these microcapsules, as well as methods of making the microcapsules and releasing the encapsulated substrates are also provided. The structures, compositions and methods find use in a variety of applications, such as drug and cell encapsulation technologies, for direct delivery, control, and activation of medicines and therapies to specific tissues in a living host e.g. targeted cancer therapy and pain management. 1. A self-assembled microcapsule comprising organic ligand-functionalized nanoparticles and one or more substrates encapsulated inside the microcapsule , wherein the microcapsule releases the substrate upon activation with a power source and the maximum temperature change at the microcapsule surface upon activation with the power source is 75° C. or less.3. The self-assembled microcapsule of or , wherein the mean inter-particle separation of the nanoparticles is from 1 nm to 100 nm.4. The self-assembled microcapsule of any one of to , wherein the nanoparticles are composed of upconversion nanoparticles , plasmonic nanoparticles , or combinations thereof.5. The self-assembled microcapsule of any one of to , wherein the nanoparticles are composed of a material selected from a semiconductor material , a metal , a metal oxide , a metalloid , a metal coated material , an oxide , a magnetic material , a nanosome , a lipidsome and a polymer , or combinations thereof.6. The self-assembled microcapsule of claim 5 , wherein the nanoparticles are composed of gold nanoparticles claim 5 , silver nanoparticles claim 5 , zinc oxide nanoparticles claim 5 , gold coated nanoparticles claim 5 , silver coated nanoparticles claim 5 , zinc coated nanoparticles or combinations thereof.7. The self-assembled microcapsule of claim 5 , wherein the nanoparticles are composed of iron ...

DRUG DELIVERY DEVICES AND METHODS FOR DRUG DELIVERY

Drug delivery devices and methods of administering drugs to patients are provided. A device includes a reservoir containing a drug. The reservoir is defined by a wall having a water-permeable portion, such that the water-permeable portion permits water to enter the device and contact the drug. A restraining plug closes off an opening of the device such that transient microchannels form between an elastic portion of the device and the restraining plug, upon the generation of a sufficient pressure within the reservoir, to release the drug from the device. Methods of treating patients for neurogenic detrusor overactivity resulting from a spinal cord injury and/or for idiopathic overactive bladder and urinary incontinence are also provided. 1. A method of administering a drug to a patient , comprising: a body that comprises a wall bounding a reservoir defined within the body, the wall having at least one preformed through-hole disposed therein and comprising a water-permeable portion, the body comprising an elastic portion,', 'a drug formulation which comprises a drug, the drug formulation being disposed within the reservoir, and', 'at least one restraining plug closing off an opening of the body and contacting the elastic portion of the body, the opening being in fluid communication with the reservoir; and, 'inserting a drug delivery device into a lumen or body cavity of a patient, the drug delivery device comprisingpermitting in vivo water influx through the water-permeable portion of the wall into the reservoir to contact the drug formulation to develop a hydrostatic pressure in the reservoir effective to cause the drug to flow from the reservoir through at least one of the preformed through-hole, or through one or more microchannels, and out of the device and into the lumen or body cavity,wherein the one or more microchannels are transiently formed between the elastic portion of the body and the at least one restraining plug.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

AMMONIA SYNTHESIS FOR FERTILIZER PRODUCTION

A method for synthesizing ammonia for agricultural fertilizers employs water (H2O) as the source of hydrogen (H2) in ammonia (NH3) synthesis, and gathers carbon monoxide (CO) as a limiting reagent for combining in a WGS (Water-Gas-Shift) reaction for producing hydrogen. The WGS reaction employs CO with the water to produce Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and H2, consuming undesirable CO from other industrial applications. A by-product of the process includes generating 1.5 mole of CO2 for each mole of ammonia synthesized. An intermediate step consumes 3 moles of hydrogen for each mole of Nitrogen (N2). The use of methane gas is avoided as the process employs CO and the WGS reaction as an exclusive source of H2 without introducing methane (CH4). A downstream synthesis of ammonia can be done through a fuel cell to produce electricity for the ammonia synthesis for further sustainability. 1. A method for synthesizing ammonia , comprising:receiving carbon monoxide (CO) from an industrial process;{'sub': '2', 'providing the received carbon monoxide to a hydrogen separator for reacting the carbon monoxide with water from a water source for producing hydrogen (H);'}combining the hydrogen with nitrogen from a nitrogen reactor for synthesizing ammonia, the hydrogen generated exclusively by separation from the water provided to the hydrogen separator.2. The method of wherein the hydrogen separator is a catalyzed membrane reactor having a palladium membrane claim 1 , further comprising passing the hydrogen through the palladium membrane.3. The method of wherein combining the hydrogen further comprises combining the hydrogen with nitrogen in an ammonia reactor at a 3:1 molar ratio claim 2 , heating and pressurizing the combined hydrogen and nitrogen for passing resulting ammonia (NH) through a membrane for separating ammonia claim 2 , and recirculating the hydrogen and nitrogen for additional passes claim 2 , each pass yielding separated ammonia.4. The method of wherein the CO is reacted ...

MICROFABRICATED NANOPORE DEVICE FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE OF THERAPEUTIC AGENT

A drug delivery device that includes a capsule for implantation into the body; the capsule further includes a reservoir for containing a substance such as a therapeutic agent, at least one port for allowing the substance to diffuse from or otherwise exit the reservoir, and a nanopore membrane in communication with the capsule at or near the exit port for controlling the rate of diffusion of the substance from the exit port. The device also includes an optional screen for providing structural stability to the nanopore membrane and for keeping the pores of the nanopore membrane clear. One embodiment of the drug delivery device includes an osmotic engine internal to the device for creating fluid flow through the device. 1. A method for delivering a peptide or a protein , comprisingproviding a device comprising a capsule for implantation into the body, said capsule comprising a first end, a second end and a fluid impermeable wall extending from the first end to the second end to define a reservoir; said capsule further comprising an exit port in communication with the reservoir and a nanopore membrane in communication with the exit port, wherein said device comprises a peptide or a protein in the reservoir, said peptide or protein having a Stoke's diameter, and wherein said nanopore membrane has pores between about 1-5 times the Stoke's diameter of the peptide or protein, and wherein an amount of the peptide or protein is contained in the reservoir for release at a rate that approaches zero-order release for a period of several weeks.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanopore membrane comprises an array of parallel claim 1 , annular channels.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein channels in the array of parallel claim 2 , annular channels have a pore size of between 2-100 nm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nanopore membrane comprises an array of parallel claim 1 , rectangular channels.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein channels in the array of parallel claim ...

MICROFABRICATED NANOPORE DEVICE FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE OF THERAPEUTIC AGENT

A drug delivery device that includes a capsule for implantation into the body; the capsule further includes a reservoir for containing a substance such as a therapeutic agent, at least one port for allowing the substance to diffuse from or otherwise exit the reservoir, and a nanopore membrane in communication with the capsule at or near the exit port for controlling the rate of diffusion of the substance from the exit port. The device also includes an optional screen for providing structural stability to the nanopore membrane and for keeping the pores of the nanopore membrane clear. One embodiment of the drug delivery device includes an osmotic engine internal to the device for creating fluid flow through the device. 1. A device , comprising:a capsule comprising a fluid impermeable wall defining a reservoir that contains a therapeutic agent; said capsule further comprising an exit port in communication with the reservoir and a nanopore membrane in communication with the exit port, wherein said nanopore membrane comprises an array of annular pores, each pore in the array having a pore diameter of between about 2-100 nm, and wherein said therapeutic agent has a Stoke's diameter that is between about 1-5 times said pore diameter, wherein the device comprises an amount of therapeutic agent sufficient to provide release at a rate that approaches zero-order for a period of several weeks.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent is dispersed within said reservoir as an aqueous solution or aqueous suspension.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent is in dry form4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent is a peptide.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent is a protein.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the protein is growth hormone.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the capsule is manufactured from a material selected from the group consisting of titanium alloy claim 1 , surgical grade stainless steel claim 1 , ...

POLYMERIC NANOCARRIERS WITH LIGHT-TRIGGERED RELEASE MECHANISM

Near infrared radiation at a wavelength that induces resonance in water is used to remotely activate thermal plasticization of polymeric particles to trigger the release of encapsulated molecules from the particles. Nanocarriers formed from biocompatible hydrophilic polymers may be used to deliver encapsulated molecules to tissue with a reversible transition that allows repeated activations for extended release of the payload. 1. A nanocarrier for delivering a payload , comprising:a polymer particle adapted for encapsulating molecules, wherein the polymer comprises nanodomains of water and undergoes a phase change upon irradiation with NIR light that allows at least a portion of the encapsulated molecules to diffuse out of the particle.2. The nanocarrier of claim 1 , wherein the phase change is reversible.3. The nanocarrier of claim 1 , wherein the NIR light has a wavelength of 980 nm.4. The nanocarrier of claim 1 , wherein the polymer has no inherent light sensitivity.5. The nanocarrier of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA).6. The nanocarrier of claim 5 , wherein the PLGA has a lactide:glycolide ratio selected according to a desired release rate.7. The nanocarrier of claim 5 , wherein the lactide:glycolide ratio is selected from the group consisting of 50:50 claim 5 , 75:25 claim 5 , and 85:15.8. The nanocarrier of claim 5 , wherein the PLGA has a lactide:glycolide ratio selected according to a desired particle size.9. The nanocarrier of claim 8 , wherein the lactide:glycolide ratio is selected from the group consisting of 50:50 claim 8 , 75:25 claim 8 , and 85:15.10. The nanocarrier of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulated molecules comprise a therapeutic compound.11. The nanocarrier of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulated molecules comprise a dye.12. An aggregation of nanocarriers of for delivery of the payload over an extended period of time.1324.-. (canceled)25. A method for delivering a payload claim 1 , comprising:encapsulating ...

COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

Disclosed are compositions comprising amantadine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more excipients, wherein at least one of the excipients modifies release of amantadine. Methods of administering the same are also provided. 110-. (canceled)11. A dosage form suitable for once-daily administration to a human subject consisting of (i) 50 mg to 500 mg of a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof , and (ii) at least one excipient , wherein at least 50% of the drug in the dosage form is in an extended release form , and wherein the dosage form provides a mean change in amantadine plasma concentration as a function of time (dC/dT) as measured in a single dose human pharmacokinetic study over the time period between 2 hours and 4 hours after administration that is less than 30% of the dC/dT provided by the same quantity of the drug in an immediate release form as measured in a single dose human pharmacokinetic study over the time period between 0 and 2 hours after administration.12. The dosage form of claim 11 , comprising an osmotic device claim 11 , which utilizes an osmotic driving force to provide extended release of amantadine.13. The dosage form of claim 11 , wherein the amount of drug is 100 to 500 mg.14. The dosage form of claim 11 , wherein the amount of drug is 200 to 500 mg.15. The dosage form of claim 11 , wherein at least 75% of the drug in the dosage form is in an extended release form.16. The dosage form of claim 11 , wherein at least 90% of the drug in the dosage form is in an extended release form.17. The dosage form of claim 11 , wherein the dosage form provides a shift in amantadine Tmax of 2 hours to 16 hours relative to an immediate release form of amantadine claim 11 , wherein the Tmax is measured in a single dose human pharmacokinetic study.18. The dosage form of claim 11 , wherein the extent of drug bioavailability is maintained.19. The dosage form of claim 11 , ...

ATAXIA THERAPEUTIC COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS

A method for treating a subject having, or at risk of having, ataxia, generally includes administering to the subject an amount of a composition comprising a cholecystokinin receptor (Cck1R) agonist effective to ameliorate at least one symptom or clinical sign of ataxia. 1. A method for treating a subject having , or at risk of having , ataxia , the method comprising:administering to the subject an amount of a composition comprising a cholecystokinin receptor (Cck1R) agonist effective to ameliorate at least one symptom or clinical sign of ataxia.2. The method of wherein the Cck1R is A71623.3. The method of wherein A71623 is administered to the subject to provide a dose of at least 20 μg/kg/day.4. The method of wherein the dose of A71623 is 1 mg/kg/day.5. The method of wherein the Cck1R is rebamipide. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/303,122, filed Mar. 3, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference.This invention was made with government support under R37NS022920 awarded by the National Institutes of Health, and RO1NS045667 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The government has certain rights in the invention.This application contains a Sequence Listing electronically submitted to the United States Patent and Trademark Office via EFS-Web as an ASCII text file entitled “11005360101_SequenceListing_ST25.txt” having a size of 4 kilobytes and created on Mar. 3, 2017. The information contained in the Sequence Listing is incorporated by reference herein.This disclosure describes compositions and methods involved in treating ataxia. Generally, the compositions include an amount of a cholecystokinin receptor (Cck1R) agonist effective to ameliorate at least one symptom or clinical sign of ataxia. Generally, the methods include administering to a subject having, or at risk of having, ataxia an amount of the composition effective to ameliorate at least one symptom or clinical sign of ataxia.In some embodiments, the ...

RETENTIVE DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR IN-SITU RELEASE OF PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVE AGENTS

Gastric retentive devices and systems including a gastric retentive element including at least one expandable compartment and a dosage form element including at least one active agent are provided. The devices and systems, as well as kits thereof are used in a method for in-situ release and delivery of the at least one active agent. 135-. (canceled)38. The system according to claim 36 , wherein said compartment is formed by at least one type of biodegradable film.39. The system according to claim 36 , wherein said gastric retentive element further comprises at least one active agent.40. The system according to claim 36 , wherein said dosage form element is connected to a gastric retentive element further comprises at least one active agent having at least one expandable compartment having an external biodegradable film having an initial collapsed form; wherein said compartment comprises at least one compound capable of expanding the form of said at least one compartment.41. The system according to claim 36 , wherein said dosage form element is enclosed in at least one external biodegradable film.42. The system according to claim 41 , wherein said biodegradable film provides prolonged or controlled release properties to said at least one active agent of said dosage from element.43. The system according to claim 36 , being encased in a gastric degradable swallowable capsule.44. The system according to claim 36 , wherein at least one compound capable of expanding the form of said at least one compartment forms one of the layers of said biodegradable film.45. The system according to claim 36 , wherein said external biodegradable film has a thickness of less than 400 microns.46. The system according to claim 36 , wherein said film comprises at least one mechanical or chemically formed aperture.47. The system according to claim 36 , wherein said at least one compound capable of expanding the form of said at least one compartment is selected from a gel forming compound ...

OSMOTIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

An oral osmotic pharmaceutical delivery system comprises a highly water-soluble drug exhibiting an erratic or an incomplete release profile when formulated in an elementary osmotic pump delivery system and at least one release enhancing agent. 1. A method of treating pulmonary hypertension in a human subject comprising administering to the human subject a solid oral dosage form comprising:(a) an osmotically-active drug core comprising (i) treprostinil in the form of treprostinil diethanolamine and (ii) at least one release-enhancing agent; and(b) a semi-permeable membrane surrounding the osmotically-active drug core, wherein the semi-permeable membrane comprises at least one opening to permit osmotic release of the treprostinil from the osmotically-active drug core,wherein the administration provides a therapeutically effective plasma concentration of treprostinil in the human subject.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering is performed twice a day.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the administering results in steady-state blood levels of the treprostinil.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective plasma concentration of treprostinil in the human subject has a Tof 2 hours to 8 hours.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective plasma concentration of treprostinil in the human subject has a Cof 0.5 ng/ml to 2 ng/ml.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically effective plasma concentration of treprostinil in the human subject has a Cof 0.1 ng/ml to 0.2 ng/ml.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid oral dosage form comprises 1 mg of treprostinil.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one opening has a diameter of from 100 μm to 800 μm.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the semi-permeable membrane comprises multiple opening.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one release enhancing agent is selected from a group consisting of wicking agents claim 1 , complexing agents claim 1 , ...

COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

Disclosed are compositions comprising amantadine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more excipients, wherein at least one of the excipients modifies release of amantadine. Methods of administering the same are also provided. 1. A composition suitable for once daily oral administration to a human subject consisting of (i) 50 to 500 mg of a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof , and (ii) at least one excipient ,wherein at least one of said excipients is a release modifying excipient, andwherein at least 50% of said drug is in an extended release form, andwherein administration of the composition once daily provides a steady state plasma concentration of about 3 μM.2. A composition suitable for once daily oral administration to a human subject consisting of (i) 50 to 500 mg of a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof , and (ii) at least one excipient ,wherein at least one of said excipients is a release modifying excipient, andwherein at least 50% of said drug is in an extended release form, andwherein administration of the composition once daily provides a steady state plasma concentration of about 0.5 μg/ml.3. The composition of or , wherein at least 75% of the drug in the composition is in an extended release form.4. The composition of or , wherein at least 90% of the drug in the composition is in an extended release form.5. The composition of or , wherein at least some of the drug in the composition is in an immediate release form.6. The composition of or , wherein the amount of drug is 100 mg to 500 mg.7. The composition of or , wherein the amount of drug is 200 mg to 500 mg.8. The composition of or , wherein the amount of drug is 300 mg to 500 mg.9. The composition of or , wherein the composition provides a shift in amantadine Tmax of 2 hours to 16 hours relative to an immediate release form of amantadine , wherein ...

COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

Disclosed are compositions comprising amantadine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more excipients, wherein at least one of the excipients modifies release of amantadine. Methods of administering the same are also provided. 1. A pharmaceutical composition suitable for once daily oral administration to a human subject consisting of(i) 50 to 500 mg of a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and (ii) at least one excipient, wherein at least 50% of the drug in the composition is in an extended release form, and wherein the composition has an in vitro dissolution profile ranging between 35% and 55% in 2 hours, 60% and 80% in 4 hours, and greater than 90% in 8 hours using a USP type 2 (paddle) dissolution system at 50 rpm at a temperature of 37±0.5° C. in water.2. A pharmaceutical composition suitable for once daily oral administration to a human subject consisting of(i) 50 to 500 mg of a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and (ii) at least one excipient, wherein at least 50% of the drug in the composition is in an extended release form and the extended release form of the composition has an in vitro dissolution profile ranging between 35% and 55% in 2 hours, 60% and 80% in 4 hours, and greater than 90% in 8 hours using a USP type 2 (paddle) dissolution system at 50 rpm at a temperature of 37±0.5° C. in water.3. A pharmaceutical composition suitable for once daily oral administration to a human subject consisting(i) 50 to 500 mg of a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and (ii) at least one excipient, wherein at least 50% of the drug in the composition is in an extended release form and the extended release form of the composition has an in vitro dissolution profile ranging between 60% and 80% in 4 hours, and greater than 90% in 8 hours using a USP type 2 ( ...

REACTION PROCESS WITH MEMBRANE SEPARATION

Provided herein are processes for carrying out a chemical reaction of a substrate in a diluted reaction mixture. The processes include conducting the reaction mixture having reaction product and solvent to a filtration membrane which is permeable to the solvent but impermeable to the reaction product. Solvent which permeates the filtration membrane for dilution of the substrate feed is recycled. 117-. (canceled)18. A continuous process for carrying out a chemical reaction of a substrate in a diluted reaction mixture comprising a solvent , the process comprising the steps of:(a) simultaneously adding a substrate feed and a solvent for diluting said substrate feed to form a reaction mixture in a reactor; and causing said substrate to form a reaction product in said reaction mixture;(b) discharging, from an outlet of the reactor, reaction mixture comprising reaction product and solvent;(c) conducting the entire reaction mixture discharged in step (b) to a filtration membrane, whereby the filtration membrane is permeable to the solvent and provided to be impermeable to the reaction product, thereby obtaining a permeate and a retentate;(d) recycling solvent which permeates the filtration membrane for diluting said substrate feed in step (a); and(e) conducting the retentate from said filtration membrane to a reservoir other than said reactor, said retentate comprising reaction product.19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein said reaction is selected from the group consisting of a cyclization reaction claim 18 , a polymerization reaction claim 18 , an enzymatic reaction showing substrate inhibition claim 18 , an enzymatic reaction showing product inhibition claim 18 , a reaction showing precipitation of the substrate or of a co-reactant claim 18 , and combinations thereof.20. The process according to claim 18 , wherein said substrate feed and said solvent enter said reactor as separate streams which are mixed inside said reactor claim 18 , and wherein step (d) ...

COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE

Disclosed are compositions comprising amantadine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one or more excipients, wherein at least one of the excipients modifies release of amantadine. Methods of administering the same are also provided. 110-. (canceled)11. An osmotic device comprising a core surrounded by a semipermeable membrane having an exit means there through wherein:a) the core comprises a mixture of (i) a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, (ii) an osmotically active component and (iii) at least one other excipient,b) the osmotic device further comprises an immediate release overcoat layer comprising the drug,c) the osmotic device comprises a total of 50 mg to 500 mg of the drug, and at least 50% of the total drug is provided in the core, andd) the osmotic device provides a mean change in amantadine plasma concentration as a function of time (dC/dT) that is less than 40% of the dC/dT provided by the same quantity of an immediate release form of the drug, wherein the dC/dT values are measured in a single dose human pharmacokinetic study over the time period between 0 and 4 hours after administration.12. An osmotic device comprising a core surrounded by a semipermeable membrane having an exit means there through wherein:a) the core comprises a mixture of (i) a drug selected from the group consisting of amantadine and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, (ii) an osmotically active component and (iii) at least one other excipient,b) the osmotic device further comprises an immediate release overcoat layer comprising the drug,c) the osmotic device comprises a total of 50 mg to 500 mg of the drug, and at least 50% of the total drug is provided in the core, andd) the osmotic device provides a mean change in amantadine plasma concentration as a function of time (dC/dT) that is less than 40% of the dC/dT provided by the same quantity of an immediate release form of the drug, wherein the ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALUMINUM NITRIDE POWDER AND ALUMINUM NITRIDE POWDER PREPARED THEREBY

Disclosed herein are an apparatus and a method for producing aluminum nitride powder, and aluminum nitride powder prepared thereby. The apparatus for producing aluminum nitride powder includes: a vertical reactor including an aluminum source supplier for supplying aluminum source and a nitrogen source supplier for supplying nitrogen source, the vertical reactor causing chemical vapor reaction between the aluminum source and the nitrogen source supplied therein; a trap device including a membrane for passing resulting products from the reaction; and a bubbling device for capturing the products having passed through the trap device. 1. An apparatus for producing aluminum nitride powder comprising:a vertical reactor including an aluminum source supplier for supplying aluminum source and a nitrogen source supplier for supplying nitrogen source, the vertical reactor causing chemical vapor reaction between the aluminum source and the nitrogen source supplied therein;a trap device including a membrane for passing resulting products from the reaction; anda bubbling device for capturing the products having passed through the trap device.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum source supplier is located lower than the nitrogen source supplier in a vertical direction of the vertical reactor.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum source supplier is connected via a double nozzle.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the double nozzle includes an outer nozzle for supplying carrier gas and an inner nozzle for supplying the aluminum source.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein a ratio of an inner diameter of outer nozzle to an inner diameter of the inner nozzle ranges from 1.5:1 to 2:1.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum source supplier is disposed in a heating section of the vertical reactor.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum source supplier is disposed at a position between one-sixth and one-third of a length of the vertical ...

Salt Responsive Nanogels And Nanoparticles

Covalently linked linear polyethylenimine (PEI) clusters are provided that change conformation depending upon changes in counterion concentrations. The structures may be used for the storage, delivery, and/or transport of substances. 1. A nanogel particle comprising crosslinked linear polyethyleneimine chains , the particle transitionable between a swollen semipermeable state and a relatively impermeable compact state in response to surrounding anion concentrations.2. The nanogel particle of claim 1 , wherein the linear polyethyleneimine is crosslinked by an amine crosslinking agent.3. The nanogel particle of claim 2 , wherein the amine crosslinking agent comprises at least two aldehyde groups.4. The nanogel particle of claim 3 , wherein the amine crosslinking agent is glutaraldehyde.5. The nanogel particle of claim 1 , wherein the linear polyethyleneimine chains have a mass of about 2.5 to about 25 kDA.6. The nanogel particle of claim 1 , further comprising at least one therapeutic macromolecule.7. The nanogel particle of claim 1 , further comprising at least one nanochip claim 1 , nanosensor claim 1 , or sensing macromolecule.8. The nanogel particle of claim 1 , wherein the linear polyethyleneimine is crosslinked by a crosslinking agent having at least two aldehyde groups and surrounds at least one therapeutic macromolecule claim 1 , nanochip claim 1 , nanosensor claim 1 , or sensing macromolecule in the compact state.9. The nanogel particle of claim 1 , wherein the particle has a maximum dimension of about 50 to about 500 nm.10. A method of forming a nanogel particle claim 1 , the method comprising:crosslinking linear polyethyleneimine chains with an amine crosslinking agent in an environment having a pH less than 7 and an anion concentration from about 100 mM to about 200 mM.11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising reducing the anion concentration of the environment to less than 50 mM to induce compaction of the particle.12. The method of claim 11 , ...

CATALYTIC MEMBRANE REACTOR, METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME FOR DEHYDROGENATION REACTIONS

A catalytic membrane reactor and methods of operating and producing the same are provided that efficiently produces highly pure hydrogen (H) from ammonia (NH) as well as operates according to other chemical conversion processes. In one embodiment, a tubular ceramic support made from porous yttria-stabilized zirconia has an outer surface that is impregnated with a metal catalyst such as ruthenium and then plated with a hydrogen permeable membrane such as palladium. An inner surface of the ceramic support is impregnated with cesium to promote conversion of ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen (N). The resulting catalytic membrane reactor produces highly pure hydrogen at low temperatures and with less catalytic loading. Therefore, ammonia can be used to effectively transport hydrogen for use in, for example, fuel cells in a vehicle. 1. A catalytic membrane reactor for a chemical conversion process , comprising:a ceramic support extending between an inner surface and an outer surface, wherein said ceramic support is impregnated with a metal catalyst that induces or speeds up said chemical conversion process;a first region of said ceramic support extending from said inner surface to a predetermined distance through a thickness of said ceramic support;a second region of said ceramic support extending from said predetermined distance through said thickness of said ceramic support to said outer surface, wherein said second region has a smaller porosity than said first region, said second region has a smaller thickness than said first region, and said second region comprises at least a portion of said metal catalyst; anda permeable membrane positioned on said outer surface of said ceramic support, wherein said permeable membrane has a smaller thickness than said second region, and said permeable membrane selectively allows at least one product of said chemical conversion process to pass through said permeable membrane and blocks at least one product of said chemical conversion ...

NOVEL MODIFIED RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS OF XANTHINE OXIDOREDUCTASE INHIBITOR OR XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS

The present disclosure relates to novel dosage forms of xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors. 128.-. (canceled)29. A modified release oral dosage form comprising:(a) an immediate release febuxostat component,the immediate release component comprising a first portion of febuxostat or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and(b) a delayed release febuxostat component,the delayed release component comprising a second portion of febuxostat or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, and a coating layer which prevents release of the second portion of febuxostat,wherein the coating layer begins to dissolve at a pH of about 5.0 to 6.8,wherein febuxostat is the only active agent in the modified release oral dosage form, andwherein the weight ratio of febuxostat or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the immediate release febuxostat component to the febuxostat or pharmaceutically acceptable salt in the delayed release febuxostat component is about 1:9 to about 4:6 based on the weight of the febuxostat;{'sub': 'max', 'wherein the modified release oral dosage form produces a median time to peak concentration (T) of febuxostat of equal or greater than about 3 hours in the fed state when administered to a subject, and maintains in the subject a plasma concentration of febuxostat or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof greater than about 0.1 μg/mL for a period of from about 5 hours to about 24 hours in a day and wherein the oral dosage form is selected from the group consisting of a pill, a tablet, and a capsule.'}30. The oral dosage form of claim 29 , wherein a single administration of a 80 mg of febuxostat in the oral dosage form to the subject inhibits greater than 80% of xanthine oxidase for a period of greater than 16 hours.31. The oral dosage form of claim 29 , wherein the ratio of febuxostat in the immediate release febuxostat component to the febuxostat in the delayed release febuxostat component is about 2:8 to about 4:6.32. The oral dosage form of claim 29 , wherein the delayed ...

METHODS FOR DELIVERING ETANERCEPT PREPARATIONS INTO A LUMEN OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT USING A SWALLOWABLE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE

Embodiments of the invention provide swallowable devices, preparations and methods for delivering drugs and other therapeutic agents within the GI tract. Many embodiments provide a swallowable device for delivering the agents. Particular embodiments provide a swallowable device such as a capsule for delivering drugs into the intestinal wall or other GI lumen. Embodiments also provide various drug preparations that are configured to be contained within the capsule, advanced from the capsule into the intestinal wall and degrade to release the drug into the bloodstream to produce a therapeutic effect. The preparation can be operably coupled to delivery means having a first configuration where the preparation is contained in the capsule and a second configuration where the preparation is advanced out of the capsule into the intestinal wall. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for the delivery of drugs which are poorly absorbed, tolerated and/or degraded within the GI tract. 1. (canceled)2. A therapeutic preparation comprising etanercept ,the therapeutic preparation being (i) shaped as a solid tissue penetrating member having a pointed tip, (ii) configured to be contained in a swallowable capsule, and (iii) configured to be inserted into an intestinal wall after oral ingestion of the capsule,{'sub': max', 'max, 'wherein upon insertion, the preparation releases etanercept into the blood stream from the intestinal wall, a tfor the etanercept released from therapeutic preparation being less than about 80% of a tfor an extravascularly injected dose of etanercept.'}3. A therapeutic preparation as in claim 2 , wherein the extravascular injection is a subcutaneous injection or an intramuscular injection.4. A therapeutic preparation as in claim 2 , wherein the tissue penetrating member has sufficient stiffness to be advanced completely into the intestinal wall by the application of a force to the tissue penetrating member.5. A therapeutic preparation as in claim ...

METHODS FOR DELIVERING ETANERCEPT PREPARATIONS INTO A LUMEN OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT USING A SWALLOWABLE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE

Embodiments of the invention provide swallowable devices, preparations and methods for delivering drugs and other therapeutic agents within the GI tract. Many embodiments provide a swallowable device for delivering the agents. Particular embodiments provide a swallowable device such as a capsule for delivering drugs into the intestinal wall or other GI lumen. Embodiments also provide various drug preparations that are configured to be contained within the capsule, advanced from the capsule into the intestinal wall and degrade to release the drug into the bloodstream to produce a therapeutic effect. The preparation can be operably coupled to delivery means having a first configuration where the preparation is contained in the capsule and a second configuration where the preparation is advanced out of the capsule into the intestinal wall. Embodiments of the invention are particularly useful for the delivery of drugs which are poorly absorbed, tolerated and/or degraded within the GI tract. 1. (canceled)2. A method for delivering a etanercept to a patient in need thereof , the method comprising:orally delivering a dosage of etanercept contained within a tissue penetrating member into a lumen of the GI-tract of the patient in a manner wherein the etanercept is not degraded by digestive fluids within the GI tract lumen; andadvancing the tissue penetrating member into a gastro-intestinal wall to penetrate the tissue penetrating member into the gastro-intestinal wall, wherein the etanercept is released into the patient's blood stream in a biologically active form.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the tissue penetrating member is advanced into the gastro-intestinal wall by the application of a mechanical force on a surface of the tissue penetrating member.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the tissue penetrating member is advanced into the gastro-intestinal wall responsive to a condition in the gastro-intestinal tract.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the condition is a pH ...

SINGLE CHANNEL, MULTIPLE DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE AND METHODS

Devices and methods are provided for drug delivery. The device may include a housing configured for intralumenal deployment into a human or animal subject and a reservoir contained within the housing and having an actuation end and a release end. The release end may include at least one outlet. A first drug formulation and a second drug formulation may be disposed within the reservoir and adjacent to each other and immiscible, or separated from each other by a first barrier. The device may also include a plug within the reservoir at the actuation end, the plug being movable toward the release end to drive the first and second drug formulations out of the reservoir. The device may also include an actuation system operably connected to the actuation end of the reservoir and configured to drive the plug toward the release end and release the drug formulations from the reservoir. 115-. (canceled)16. A device for drug delivery comprising:a housing configured for intraluminal deployment into a human or animal subject;a reservoir contained within the housing and having an actuation end and a release end, the release end comprising at least one outlet;a first drug formulation disposed within the reservoir;a second drug formulation disposed within the reservoir and separated from the first drug formulation by a first barrier;a plug at the actuation end within the reservoir, the plug being movable toward the release end to drive the first and second drug formulations out of the reservoir;an actuation system operably connected to the actuation end of the reservoir and configured to drive the plug toward the release end such that the first drug formulation is released from the reservoir before the second drug formulation is released from the reservoir; anda barrier retention chamber connected to the release end of the reservoir and configured to receive and retain the first barrier before the release of the second drug formulation.17. The device of claim 16 , wherein the first ...

RAPID ESTABLISHMENT AND/OR TERMINATION OF SUBSTANTIAL STEADY-STATE DRUG DELIVERY

The present invention is directed to treatment methods for a disease or condition, in a subject in need of such treatment, that provide alternatives to treatment by injection that give, relative to treatment by injection, improved treatment outcomes, 100% treatment compliance, reduced side effects, and rapid establishment and/or termination of substantial steady-state drug delivery. The method typically includes providing continuous delivery of a drug from an implanted osmotic delivery device, wherein substantial steady-state delivery of the drug at therapeutic concentrations is typically achieved within about 7 days or less after implantation of the osmotic delivery device in the subject and the substantial steady-state delivery of the drug from the osmotic delivery device is continuous over a period of at least about 3 months. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using incretin mimetics. 1. A method for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus in a human subject , the method comprising: (i) continuous administration comprises a first continuous administration period of the incretin mimetic at a first mcg/day dose, followed by a second continuous administration period of the incretin mimetic at a second mcg/day dose, wherein the second mcg/day dose is greater than the first mcg/day dose,', '(ii) substantial steady-state delivery of the incretin mimetic at a therapeutic concentration is achieved within about 5 days after each implantation of an osmotic delivery device, and', '(iii) substantial steady-state delivery of the incretin mimetic is continuous for at least about 3 months., 'implanting in the human subject at least one osmotic delivery device comprising an incretin mimetic to provide continuous administration of the incretin mimetic from the at least one osmotic delivery device, wherein'}2. A method for reducing body weight , treating obesity , suppressing appetite or facilitating weight loss in a human ...

DEVICE FOR ORAL DELIVERY OF ACTIVE AGENTS

A device for the delivery of an agent to an intestinal site has a backing element, a mucoadhesive element for adhering the device to the intestinal site, and a reservoir comprising the agent. The mucoadhesive element includes a polymer, an opposing surface having the capacity to adhere to the intestinal site, and a population of passageway(s) extending from the reservoir to the opposing surface for delivery of the agent from the reservoir to the intestinal site, each of the passageway(s) having a minimum diameter greater than 10 microns, the diameter being determined by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy after 30 minutes of hydration at 20° C. in phosphate buffered saline at pH 6.5. 157.-. (canceled)58. A device for the delivery of an agent to an intestinal site , the device comprising a backing element , a mucoadhesive layer for adhering the device to the intestinal site , and a reservoir comprising the agent , whereinthe mucoadhesive layer comprises a polymer, an opposing surface having the capacity to adhere to the intestinal site, and a population of passageway(s) formed through the mucoadhesive layer and extending from the reservoir to the opposing surface for delivery of the agent from the reservoir to the intestinal site, the mucoadhesive layer having a thickness of about 50 nm to about 10 mm, i. each of the passageway(s) has a minimum diameter greater than 10 microns, the diameter being determined by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy after 30 minutes of hydration at 20° C. in phosphate buffered saline at pH 6.5; or', 'the agent comprises molecules having a molecular weight of at least 100 Da, the push element comprises an osmagent, and said passageways are permeable to said molecules; or', 'ii. the device comprises a push element for induction of convective flow of the agent to the intestinal site, wherein'}, {'sub': 'avg', 'claim-text': {'sub': avg', 'avg, 'wherein the population has a number average minimum diameter, Davg, of at least 10 microns, ...

Osmotic drug delivery monitoring system and method

A method of monitoring performance of an osmotic drug delivery system comprises implanting an osmotic drug delivery device (10) having a movable piston (16) in an animal, and determining a position of the implanted movable piston within the osmotic drug delivery device from an exterior of the animal. The position of the movable piston may be determined either by fluoroscopy, by X-ray, or by a magnetic gauge. The osmotic delivery device preferably comprises an implantable reservoir (22) having at least one opening (18) for delivering a beneficial agent contained within an interior of the reservoir to an organ of the animal, and an osmotic engine (20) causing the release of the beneficial agent contained within the reservoir to the animal.

Pharmaceutical formulation containing dye

Methods and compositions for preventing abuse of dosage forms comprising an opioid analgesic and an aversive agent (e.g., a dye) in an effective amount to deter an abuser from administering a tampered form of the dosage form intravenously, intranasally, and/or orally are revealed.

Osmotic drug delivery system

An osmotic drug (or other beneficial substance) delivery system comprises a multi-chamber compartment formed by an external shell and one or more chamber-dividing walls each with a small orifice, of a microporous material and overlayers of semipermeable membranes completely covering the outer shell of all but one chamber and substantially covering the outer shell of the remaining chamber. Osmotic agents, adjuvants, enzymes, drugs, pro-drugs, pesticides and the like are incorporated in the chambers covered by the semipermeable membrane, and external fluids that diffuse into those chambers form solutions and by osmotic pressure are forced through the orifice to the drug chamber to form a solution thereof and then through the exposed microporous shell to the exterior of the device at a rate controlled by the permeability of the semipermeable overlay and the osmotic pressure gradient across the shell.

Osmotic system having laminar arrangement for programming delivery of active agent

An osmotic system for delivering an agent is disclosed. The system comprises a wall surrounding a compartment and has a passageway for delivering agent from the compartment. The wall is formed of a laminae comprising a lamina consisting of a multiplicity of materials in laminar arrangement with a lamina consisting of a material or of a multiplicity of materials to provide a laminated wall that is permeable to agents and maintains its integrity during the delivery of agent. The compartment contains an agent that is soluble in an external fluid and exhibits an osmotic pressure gradient across the wall against the fluid, or the agent has limited solubility in the fluid and is mixed with an osmotically effective compound soluble in the fluid and exhibits an osmotic pressure gradient across the wall against the fluid. In operation, agent is released from the system by fluid being imbibed through the wall into the compartment at a rate controlled by the permeability of the wall and the osmotic pressure gradient across the wall producing a solution containing agent, or a solution of compound containing agent which solution in either operation is released through the passageway at a controlled and continuous rate over a prolonged period of time.

Swelling modulated polymeric drug delivery device

A controlled release drug delivery device, comprised of swellable polymers, whose degree of swelling in an environment of use is controlled by swelling modulators blended within the polymers, is disclosed. The swelling modulators can include buffers, osmagents, surfactants or combinations thereof surrounded by a microporous coating or interspersed within individual matrices. The combination of controlled release swelling modulators with swellable polymers may be applied to regulate patterns of beneficial agent (typically a drug) release.

Lipid osmotic pump

Fluid imbibing pump with self-regulating skin patch

A medical device comprising a fluid imbibing, self-regulating, skin patch drug delivery system is disclosed which includes a fluid imbibing, preferably osmotic, pump comprising a reservoir for a drug or, drug formulation or other fluid to be dispensed to the skin, 10 at least one wall of the reservoir comprising a fluid permeable membrane which is permeable to an external activating fluid. The external fluid is imbibed through the membrane at a predetermined rate thereby causing the drug to be pumped through one or more passages provided in the reservoir structure and 15 into contact with the skin. The device includes an impermeable exterior wall member which covers and extends outwardly from the fluid imbibing pump terminating in an edge portion adapted to be secured, as by adhesion, to the skin. The exterior wall member, when attached to the skin surface, defines the area of skin which is available for distribution of the drug formulation pumped from the reservoir which is large enough, at the lowest anticipated skin permeation, to deliver the drug to the body at the rate at which it is discharged from the fluid imbibing pump in the preferred embodiments the fluid permeable membrane is a semipermeable membrane, impermeable to the drug or drug formulation.

Method and system for control of osmotic pump device

Embodiments of a system including a remotely controlled osmotic pump device and associated controller are described. Methods of use and control of the device are also disclosed. According to some embodiments, an osmotic pump device is placed in an environment in order to pump a material into the environment or into an additional fluid handling structure within the osmotic pump device. Exemplary environments include a body of an organism, a body of water, or an enclosed volume of a fluid. In selected embodiments, a magnetic field, an electric field, or electromagnetic control signal may be used.

Device for dispensing product with directional guidance member

A drug product dispensing device is comprised of a product compartment having a metering means for dispensing its product in a body cavity, and a propellant compartment communicating with the product compartment for producing a propellant. In one embodiment, a self actuated valve is positioned between the product and the propellant compartment for directing the flow of propellant into the product compartment. In another embodiment, a slidable piston is positioned in the product compartment for receiving the flow of propellant moving into the product compartment. A collapsed bag is joined to the propellant compartment with the bag capable of being inflated by a propellant from the propellant compartment to maintain the device in a product receptive area. The device is optionally housed in a bioerodible container and released therefrom prior to its dispensing a product. In both embodiments of the device, product is moved through the metering means by propellant either moving through the valves or against the piston to urge product through the means.

Delivery device

This invention relates to a delivery device of the bleeding hole type, where a primary drive fluid, e.g. silicon oil, is used to expel a secondary fluid, e.g. a drug, contained in a reservoir. To provide a desired drug flow rate, the primary fluid is forced from a first reservoir through a flow restrictor into a second reservoir displacing a portion of the drug reservoir, thereby expelling the drug from its reservoir. The idea is to provide a drive fluid outlet, i.e. a flow restrictor inlet, which protrudes into the first reservoir. By this arrangement the amount of particles and air-bubbles entering the narrow flow restrictor will be reduced. The reduction is achieved because particles and air-bubbles will normally concentrate in the top or bottom of the reservoir, whereas the protrusion will primarily connect to the centre of the first reservoir.

Method and device for eliminating oxygen contained in aqueous monomer solutions

A continuous process for removing oxygen from aqueous monomer solutions, including flowing an inert gas and a monomer solution in a column-shaped apparatus as a countercurrent, wherein the monomer solution is added at the head of the apparatus, flows through the apparatus as a liquid column, and is withdrawn slightly above the bottom, at least one section of the liquid column is mixed in radial flow direction and in a turbulent fashion, and the at least one section of the liquid column is mixed using at least one stirring element which is one of a turbine disk and a dispersing disk.

Process and apparatus for the production of organosilicon compounds

Purification of olefin recycle to polymerization

Disclosed is a process for the polymerization of olefins wherein olefinic compounds are separated from mixtures containing them with resulting improved utilization of olefinic compounds. Such olefinic compounds are separated by use of membrane separation units and can be recycled to a polymerization zone.

Method for bubble-free gas feed

A method for the bubble-free feed of gaseous reactants of a chemical and/or biological reaction into a liquid reaction medium, characterized by filling the pores of a porous polymer membrane with the reaction medium, providing one side of the porous polymer membrane with the gaseous reactants, and immersing the other side of the porous polymer membrane into the liquid reaction medium. The pressure of the gaseous reactants should lie below the bubble pressure determined for the reaction medium, but be at least so great that the liquid reaction medium does not pass through the porous polymer membrane to the gas side. Preferred parameters include relative pore volume between 50 and 90%; maximal pore diameter between 0.2 and 3 μm; and disposing the porous polymer membrane in the form of a flat membrane, tube or hollow filaments.

Use of membranes for ethylene recovery in polymerization processes

An improved process for recovery of ethylene from a polymerization process is described. A normally solid membrane is employed to recover an ethylene enriched gas stream from the polymerization vent gases. The ethylene enriched gas stream is recycled to the polymerization process.

Use of membranes for ethylene recovery in polymerization processes

ABSTRACT An improved process for recovery of ethylene from a polymerization process is described. A specif-ically defined normally solid membrane is employed to recover an ethylene enriched gas stream from the polymerization vent gases, The ethylene enriched gas stream is recycled to the polymerization process.

Process for suspension polymerization

There is provided a suspension polymerization process for production of polymer particles having a substantially uniform size, which process comprises the steps of: (a) applying regular vibration to a flow of a monomer liquid which has a specific gravity smaller than that of an aqueous dispersion medium, (b) introducing the aqueous dispersion medium containing the droplets in a first reactor comprising a recycling means which discharges the aqueous dispersion medium from the bottom of the reactor and recycles it to the top of the reactor, (c) partially polymerizing the monomer liquid in the first reactor so that the specific gravity of the droplets does not exceed that of the aqueous dispersion medium while maintaining the suspended condition of the droplets, and (d) discharging the partially polymerized droplets together with the aqueous dispersion medium from a lower portion of the first reactor and introducing them in a second reactor, and (e) further polymerizing the partially polymerized droplets in the second reactor.

Oxidization of an oxidizable charge in the gaseous phase and a reactor for implementing this method

An oxidizable charge is oxidized in a gaseous phase reaction. The oxidizable charge and an oxidizing gas flow simultaneously and separately through a distribution zone made of a ceramic material. In at least a part of the distribution zone, the oxidizable charge and the oxidizing gas flow through a multiplicity of passages of a dimension so small that any flame resulting from oxidation of the oxidizable charge will be quenched. The oxidizable charge and oxidizing gas are then mixed in a mixing zone made from a ceramic material defining a multiplicity of spaces with passages having a dimension comparable to the dimension of the passages in the distribution zone. The mixture of gases then flows through a reaction zone made from a ceramic material defining another multiplicity of passages having dimensions comparable to those in the distribution zone. The distance between each of the distribution, mixing and reaction zones is also so small that any flame resulting from oxidation of the oxidizable charge will be quenched.