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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 5461. Отображено 100.
10-10-2018 дата публикации

Автоматизированная система нейтрализации газообразного хлора

Номер: RU0000183963U1

Полезная модель относится к средствам обеспечения безопасности, в частности на участках хранения газообразного хлора, на дозирующих установках для газообразного хлора и для обслуживающего персонала. Автоматизированная система нейтрализации газообразного хлора содержит емкость для нейтрализующей жидкости, нейтрализующую жидкость, линию подачи хлоровоздушной смеси, линию вывода очищенного воздуха. Также система снабжена запорным клапаном, аэратором, вентилятором, датчиком концентрации газообразного хлора, который в случае превышения концентрации передает сигнал на блок управления системой, а вентилятор перекачивает загрязненный воздух из помещения в емкость для нейтрализующей жидкости, где он очищается и вытесняется в атмосферу. В качестве емкости для нейтрализующей жидкости может быть использована хемосорбционная колонна. Техническим результатом, обеспечиваемым данным техническим решением, является обеспечение безопасности обслуживающего персонала на дозирующих установках газообразного хлора и на участках хранения газообразного хлора. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 183 963 U1 (51) МПК B01D 53/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01D 53/00 (2006.01); B01D 53/08 (2006.01); B01J 8/12 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018122715, 21.06.2018 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 10.10.2018 (45) Опубликовано: 10.10.2018 Бюл. № 28 1 8 3 9 6 3 R U (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: RU 90854 U1, 20.01.2010. SU 697158 A1, 15.11.1979. RU 2367506 C2, 20.09.2009. RU 2180608 C1, 20.03.2002. RU 47254 U1, 27.08.2005. JP 0003582947 B2, 27.10.2004. CN 201375843 Y, 06.01.2010. US 4224041 A1, 23.09.1980. (54) Автоматизированная система нейтрализации газообразного хлора (57) Реферат: Полезная модель относится к средствам случае превышения концентрации передает сигнал обеспечения безопасности, в частности на на блок управления системой, а вентилятор участках ...

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13-12-2021 дата публикации

Вертикальный сепаратор нефтегазовой смеси

Номер: RU0000208262U1
Принадлежит: Павел Юрьевич Илюшин

Полезная модель относится к изделиям для транспортных систем нефтепродуктов и может быть использована для очистки нефтегазовой смеси от мехпримесей при организации контрольно-измерительных узлов нефтепроводов. Вертикальный сепаратор нефтегазовой смеси включает в себя цилиндрический корпус 1 с крышкой 2, фильтрующий блок 3, разделительное кольцо 4 и пружину 5. Цилиндрический корпус 1 выполнен с одним закрытым торцем, входным 6 и выходным 7 патрубками и сквозным боковым отверстием в нижней части с установленным в нем сливным клапаном 8. Открытый торец, расположенный в нижней части вертикального корпуса 1, закрытый съемной крышкой 2, соединен с корпусом 1 болтовым соединением. Внутри цилиндрического корпуса 1 размещен фильтрующий блок 3, включающий перфорированную по всей длине боковой поверхности трубу 9 с закрытым верхним торцем, концентрично размещенную внутри корпуса 1, не доходящую до его верхнего торца и жестко соединенную с ним вертикально ориентированной пружиной 5. Внутри трубы диспергатора 9 также концентрично установлен сам диспергатор, включающий шток 10 с установленными на нем заостренными крыльчатками 11, между которыми установлены промежуточные пружины 12. Разделительное горизонтально ориентированное кольцо 4 жестко установлено на боковой поверхности трубы диспергатора 9 между входным 6 и выходным 7 патрубками концентрично центральной оси корпуса 1. На боковой поверхности трубы диспергатора 9, вблизи нижнего торца, приварены ушки 13. Ниже разделительного кольца 4, к боковой поверхности трубы диспергатора 9, жестко присоединен перфорированный скребок 14. 1 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 208 262 U1 (51) МПК B01D 19/00 (2006.01) B01J 8/10 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01D 19/00 (2021.08); B01J 8/10 (2021.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2021121263, 16.07.2021 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 13.12.2021 (73) Патентообладатель(и): Илюшин Павел ...

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12-07-2012 дата публикации

System for producing l-homophenylalanine and a process for producing l-homophenylalanine

Номер: US20120178133A1
Принадлежит: Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)

The present invention relates to a system ( 10 ) for producing L-homophenylalanine and a process for producing L-homophenylalanine using the system ( 10 ). The system ( 10 ) and the process include monitoring and controlling of the reaction conditions (e.g., temperature and pH) to desired or predetermined values. The monitoring, adjusting and agitating steps provided by the method thereby result in a more complete conversion of the available substrate and produce a sufficient yield of homophenylalanine.

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30-08-2012 дата публикации

Fluid treatment system with bulk material beds operated in parallel and method for operating such a system

Номер: US20120216873A1
Автор: Horst Grochowski
Принадлежит: Individual

A fluid treatment system having bulk beds. The fluid to be treated essentially streams from the bottom up through a bulk bed, while the bulk material migrates through the bulk beds in countercurrent to the fluid essentially from the top down. This is accomplished by removing partial quantities of bulk material at the lower end of the bulk bed, and delivering partial quantities of the bulk material to the bulk bed at the top. At least one charging wagon provided with optionally sealable bulk material outlets is able to traverse a charging channel between a charging position and several partial bulk bed release positions above the bulk beds. Provided below the bulk material outlets and the bulk material valve of the charging wagon are bulk material through pipes, the bulk material outlet mouths of which end on bulk material cones of an underlying bulk bed.

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27-06-2013 дата публикации

Fluid Bed Reactor with Staged Baffles

Номер: US20130165724A1
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

The invention relates to a process of alkylating aromatic hydrocarbons, and more particularly a process of making paraxylene by alkylation of benzene and/or toluene with methanol and/or dimethyl ether, and to an apparatus for carrying out said process, the improvement comprising staged injection of one of the reactants, with the stages separated by structured packing so as to minimize at least one of gas phase back-mixing, by-pass phenomena, and gas bubble size.

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19-09-2013 дата публикации

METAL ALLOY NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS VIA SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER FORMATION AND ULTRASOUND

Номер: US20130244037A1

Methods and assemblies for the construction of liquid-phase alloy nanoparticles are presented. Particle formation is directed by molecular self-assembly and assisted by sonication. In some embodiments, eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) nanoparticles are formed. In these embodiments, the bulk liquid alloy is ultrasonically dispersed, fast thiolate self-assembly at the EGaIn interface protects the material against oxidation. The assembly shell has been designed to include intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which induce surface strain, assisting in cleavage of the alloy particles to the nanoscale. X-ray diffraction and TEM analyses reveal that the nanoscale particles are in an amorphous or liquid phase, with no observed faceting. 1. A method of forming liquid-phase metal alloy nanoparticles comprising:providing a liquid phase metal alloy material having at least two alloying components;placing the liquid phase metal alloy into solution with an organic self-assembly molecule, the self-assembly molecule exerting an intermolecule force with adjacent self-assembly molecules;dispersing the liquid phase metal alloy through the solution by application of ultrasonic treatment such that self-assembly molecules adsorb with the liquid phase metal alloy; andassembling the liquid phase metal alloy via self-assembly of the self-assembly molecules such that nanoparticles of liquid phase metal alloy having at least a partial monolayer shell of self-assembly molecules disposed thereon are formed.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising ultrasonically treating the nanoparticles to further reduce the size of the nanoparticles.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein an outer surface of the liquid phase metal alloy is passivated.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the passivation comprises oxidizing the outer surface of the alloy material.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid phase metal alloy is an EGaIn material.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the EGaIn material is further doped with ...

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19-12-2013 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING CARBON NANOTUBES

Номер: US20130336875A1
Принадлежит: LG CHEM, LTD.

Disclosed are an apparatus and method for continuously producing carbon nanotubes. More specifically, disclosed are an apparatus for continuously producing carbon nanotubes including i) a reactor to synthesize carbon nanotubes, ii) a separator to separate a mixed gas from the carbon nanotubes transferred from the reactor, iii) a filter to remove all or part of one or more component gases from the separated mixed gas, and iv) a recirculation pipe to recirculate the filtered mixed gas to the reactor for carbon nanotubes. 1. An apparatus for continuously producing carbon nanotubes comprising:i) a reactor to synthesize carbon nanotubes;ii) a separator to separate a mixed gas from the carbon nanotubes transferred from the reactor;iii) a filter to remove all or part of one or more component gases from the separated mixed gas; andiv) a recirculation pipe to recirculate the filtered mixed gas to the reactor for carbon nanotubes.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the filter removes a predetermined amount of reducing gas from the mixed gas discharged from the separator.3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the reducing gas is hydrogen.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the component gas present in the filter is a byproduct gas produced in the reactor.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a chemical vapor deposition reactor.6. The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein the chemical vapor deposition reactor is a rotary kiln reactor or a fluidized bed reactor.7. The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the rotary kiln reactor and the fluidized bed reactor are connected to a catalyst supply pipe to supply a catalyst claim 6 , a reaction gas supply pipe to supply a carbon source claim 6 , a reducing gas claim 6 , and an inert gas claim 6 , and a product discharge pipe to discharge the produced carbon nanotubes and mixed gas.8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the separator is a cyclone.9. The apparatus ...

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19-12-2013 дата публикации

REACTION APPARATUS AND METHOD USING SUPERCRITICAL WATER OR SUBCRITICAL WATER

Номер: US20130338382A1
Принадлежит:

In a method and apparatus for producing a useful substance by allowing a fluid containing a biomass raw material to act on a supercritical water and/or subcritical water, the fluid containing a biomass raw material in a high concentration is efficiently mixed with the supercritical water and/or subcritical water, whereby the amount of tar and carbon particles produced as by-products is decreased and blockage and abrasion of a pipe and an equipment is suppressed, or it is possible to easily remove the by-products. 1. A reaction apparatus of a supercritical water or subcritical water comprisinga cylindrical mixing flow path for mixing at least one raw material fluid selected from the group consisting of glycerin, cellulose, and lignin with at least one of a supercritical water and a subcritical water;at least two inlet flow paths for flowing the raw material fluid and the supercritical water or subcritical water into the mixing flow path;an outlet flow path for discharging a reaction solution mixed in the mixing flow path; andan agitation blade having a rotating shaft set on a center shaft of the mixing flow path.2. The reaction apparatus of a supercritical water or subcritical water according to claim 1 , whereinthe rotating shaft is rotated by kinetic energy of the reaction solution.3. The reaction apparatus of a supercritical water or subcritical water according to claim 1 , whereina magnet and a bearing fixed to the rotating shaft are provided;a magnet for rotating the magnet in a non-contact state by a magnetic force is provided outside the reaction apparatus; andan inlet flow path for flowing a cooling water therein at a pressure higher than a pressure of the mixing flow path and an outlet flow path are provided in a vessel having the magnet and the bearing fixed to the rotating shaft housed therein.4. The reaction apparatus of a supercritical water or subcritical water according to claim 1 , whereina liquid contact part within the reaction apparatus, which ...

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13-03-2014 дата публикации

DECARBONATION PROCESS

Номер: US20140072484A1
Принадлежит:

A process for decarbonation of particles of raw meal, to be burnt in a clinkering kiln at a cement plant, the process includes: a) decarbonation of particles of raw meal, in a fluidised bed heat exchanger, the particles being suspended in a rising carrier gas including carbon dioxide, the fluidised bed heat exchanger having a solid heat carrier circulating counter-current relative to the carrier gas, to provide an effluent gas including carbon dioxide and decarbonated raw meal; b) separating the effluent gas and the decarbonated raw meal c) separating the effluent gas into a first and second part; cooling the first part of the effluent gas and recycling to provide carrier gas, d) isolating the second part of effluent gas e) recovering and re-heating the heat carrier and recirculating to step (a). 1. A process for decarbonation of particles of raw meal , to be burnt in a clinkering kiln at a cement plant , which particles having a particle size distribution such that the retention of the particles on a 200 μm sieve is less than 2% by mass and the retention of the particles on a 90 μm sieve is less than 20% by mass , said process comprising:a) decarbonation of particles of raw meal, in a fluidised bed heat exchanger, said particles being suspended in a rising carrier gas comprising carbon dioxide, said fluidised bed heat exchanger having a solid heat carrier circulating counter-current relative to the carrier gas, to provide an effluent gas comprising carbon dioxide and decarbonated raw meal;b) separating said effluent gas and the decarbonated raw mealc) separating the effluent gas into a first and second part; cooling said first part of the effluent gas and recycling to provide carrier gas,d) isolating said second part of effluent gase) recovering and re heating said heat carrier and recirculating to (a).2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid heat carrier comprises particles having an average diameter of 300 to 600 μm.3. The process according to ...

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03-04-2014 дата публикации

AMMOXIMATION REACTOR FOR CYCLOHEXANONE OXIME PRODUCTION

Номер: US20140093437A1
Принадлежит: Versalis S.p.A.

Ammoximation reactor for cyclohexanone oxime production comprising: (a) a reactor vessel provided with a stirrer; (b) an internal filtering system; (c) an internal liquid ammonia evaporation coil; (d) an internal gaseous ammonia toroidal distributor; (e) an external cyclohexanone toroidal distributor; (f) an internal hydrogen peroxide toroidal distributor; (g) an internal cylindrical draft tube; (h) an external cooling jacket. Said ammoximation reactor allows to obtain a better mixing of the components of the ammoximation reaction and to maximize both the heat-transfer coefficients and the mass-transfer coefficients. Moreover, said ammoximation reactor allows to increase the packing time of the catalyst used in the ammoximation reaction on the filtering system (i.e. the plugging phenomena) so as to avoid the necessity of carrying out the backwashings with nitrogen. Moreover, said ammoximation reactor does not require external downstream separation units to separate the catalyst from the reaction mixture obtained from the ammoximation reaction. 1. Ammoximation reactor for cyclohexanone oxime production , comprising:(a) a reactor vessel provided with a stirrer;(b) an internal filtering system;(c) an internal liquid ammonia evaporation coil installed at the bottom of the reactor vessel;(d) an internal gaseous ammonia toroidal distributor connected to the outlet end of the evaporation coil;(e) an external cyclohexanone toroidal distributor;(f) an internal hydrogen peroxide toroidal distributor;(g) an internal cylindrical draft tube; and(h) an external cooling jacket.2. Ammoximation reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said stirrer is a high-performance stirrer.3. Ammoximation reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said internal filtering system comprises a set of tubular filters arranged in two concentric circular crowns claim 1 , the bottoms of each tubular filter being connected together to form two continuous toroidal connecting tubes.4. Ammoximation reactor ...

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10-04-2014 дата публикации

HEAT TREATING APPARATUS FOR POWDER PARTICLES AND METHOD OF PRODUCING TONER

Номер: US20140096409A1
Принадлежит: CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA

A heat treating apparatus for powder particles including a cylindrical treating chamber; a powder particle-supplying unit; a hot air-supplying unit that supplies hot air for heat-treating powder particles; a cold air-supplying unit that supplies cold air for cooling the heat-treated powder particles; a regulating unit for regulating a flow of the supplied powder particles; and a recovering unit that recovers the heat-treated powder particles. The regulating unit is a substantially circular columnar member, the hot air-supplying unit has an outlet opposite to the upper end portion of the columnar member, and the regulating unit is equipped with a substantially conic distributing member for distributing the supplied hot air in a circumferential direction and a rotating member for rotating the distributed hot air in a spiral manner, on the center of the upper end portion. 1. A heat treating apparatus for powder particles each of which contains a binder resin and a colorant , the heat treating apparatus comprising:(1) a cylindrical treating chamber in which a heat treatment of the powder particles is performed,(2) a powder particle-supplying unit provided on an outer peripheral portion of the treating chamber, for supplying the powder particles to the treating chamber,(3) a hot air-supplying unit that supplies hot air for heat-treating the supplied powder particles to the treating chamber,(4) a cold air-supplying unit that supplies cold air for cooling the heat-treated powder particles to the treating chamber,(5) a regulating unit provided on the treating chamber, for regulating a flow of the supplied powder particles, and(6) a recovering unit provided at a lower end portion side of the treating chamber, that recovers the heat-treated powder particles, whereinthe regulating unit is a columnar member with a substantially circular cross-section and is arranged on a central axis of the treating chamber so as to be protruded from the lower end portion of the treating ...

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05-01-2017 дата публикации

REACTION DEVICE FOR PREPARING LIGHT OLEFINS FROM METHANOL AND/OR DIMETHYL ETHER

Номер: US20170001164A1
Автор: Liu Zhongmin, Ye Mao, Zhang Tao
Принадлежит:

A reaction device for preparing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether, and more specifically relates to a reaction device for preparing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether, which mainly comprises a dense phase fluidized bed reactor (), a cyclone separator (), a stripper (), a lift pipe (), a dense phase fluidized bed regenerator (), a cyclone separator (), a stripper (), and a lift pipe (), wherein the dense phase fluidized bed reactor () is separated into n (n≧2) secondary reaction zones by a material flow controller (), and the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator () is separated into m (m≧2) secondary regeneration zones by the material flow controller (). 1. A reaction device for preparing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether comprising a dense phase fluidized bed reactor , a cyclone separator , a stripper , a lift pipe , a dense phase fluidized bed regenerator , a cyclone separator , a stripper , and a lift pipe; wherein a feeding line for reactor is connected to the bottom of the dense phase fluidized bed reactor; a part of the stripper is in the dense phase fluidized bed reactor , and the remaining part thereof is below the dense phase fluidized bed reactor; the bottom of the lift pipe is connected to the bottom of the stripper , and the top of the lift pipe is connected to the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator; a feeding line for regenerator is connected to the bottom of the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator; a part of the stripper is in the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator , and the remaining part thereof is below the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator; the bottom of the lift pipe is connected to the bottom of the stripper , and the top of the lift pipe is connected to the dense phase fluidized bed reactor , wherein a material flow controller is provided in the dense phase fluidized bed reactor and/or the dense phase fluidized bed regenerator , and the dense phase fluidized bed reactor is separated into ...

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02-01-2020 дата публикации

High throughput methane pyrolysis reactor for low-cost hydrogen production

Номер: US20200002165A1
Принадлежит: Palo Alto Research Center Inc

A system for hydrocarbon decomposition comprising a reactor volume, a mechanism to distribute the liquid catalyst as a liquid mist, a distributor to distribute a hydrocarbon reactant, a heat source, a separator to separate the solid product from the liquid catalyst, a re-circulation path and mechanism to re-circulate the liquid catalyst, and an outlet for at least one gaseous product. A system to distribute a liquid to an enclosed volume as a mist has a plurality of orifices designed to break the liquid into a mist. A method to decompose a hydrocarbon reactant includes generating a mist of a liquid catalyst, heating the reactor volume, introducing a hydrocarbon reactant into the reactor volume to produce a solid product and a gaseous product, separating the solid product from the liquid catalyst, removing the solid and gaseous products from the reactor volume, and recirculating the liquid catalyst to the reactor volume.

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01-01-2015 дата публикации

FLUID MIXING AND DISTRIBUTION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MULTIBED REACTORS

Номер: US20150003188A1
Автор: Xu Zhanping
Принадлежит:

A device and method are presented for the collection, mixing and distribution of fluid between reactor beds. According to various aspects, the device includes a collection tray, a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the collection tray, a rough distribution tray in fluid communication with the mixing chamber, and a distribution tray in fluid communication with the rough distribution tray. The mixing chamber includes at least one chimney positioned about mixing chamber central outlet. 1. A method for the mixing and distribution of fluid over the top of a reactor bed , comprising:collecting fluid on a collection tray having a top and a bottom, and having outlet ports therethrough;passing the liquid and vapor above the collection tray through the outlet ports into a mixing chamber below the collection tray and contacting and mixing the liquid and vapor in the mixing chamber;passing at least a portion of the liquid through a generally central outlet of the mixing chamber to a distribution tray therebelow;passing at least a portion of the vapor through a vapor chimney having an upper opening within the mixing chamber and positioned radially outward of the mixing chamber outlet to introduce the vapor portion into the distribution tray radially outward of the liquid portion;distributing the vapor and liquid below the distribution tray.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid and vapor are passed into the mixing chamber radially outwardly of the mixing chamber vapor chimney in an inwardly swirling motion.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the portion of vapor from the vapor chimney is passed radially outwardly along the rough distribution tray.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising passing the vapor portion through a plurality of vapor chimneys positioned radially outward of a generally central mixing chamber outlet.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of vapor chimneys are arrayed circumferentially about the generally central opening.6. The ...

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13-01-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF MATERIALS

Номер: US20220008875A1
Принадлежит: UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID

A system for the treatment of materials, to be selected from between materials in a fluid state () and particles suspended in a fluid material (), comprising at least one upper kinematic pair equipped with two mechanical elements (), said kinematic pair being in contact with a material in a fluid state () or with particles suspended in a fluid material (); motor means () to generate a pre-set relative velocity (v) between the elements () of said kinematic pair, and tensioning means () to subject said kinematic pair to a pre-set pressure (P). 1. A system for the treatment of materials , selected from between materials in a fluid state and particles suspended in a fluid material , comprising:at least one upper kinematic pair equipped with two mechanical elements, said kinematic pair being in contact with a material in a fluid state or in contact with particles suspended in a fluid material;motor means to generate a pre-set relative velocity (v) between the mechanical elements of said kinematic pair; andtensioning means to subject said kinematic pair to a pre-set contact pressure (p); characterised in that the upper kinematic pair is formed by at least one bearing equipped with rolling elements arranged between a moving ring and a fixed ring.2. The treatment system according to claim 1 , characterised in that the bearing comprises a cage for separating the rolling elements.3. The treatment system according to claim 1 , characterised in that it comprises at least one upper kinematic pair formed by a gear claim 1 , a cam-follower mechanism claim 1 , a chain-sprocket mechanism claim 1 , a chain transmission claim 1 , a belt transmission claim 1 , a cable transmission claim 1 , a pin-on-disk tribometer claim 1 , or a ball-on-disk tribometer.4. The treatment system according to claim 1 , characterised in that the upper kinematic pairs are housed in a chamber hermetically closed by a cover.5. The treatment system according to claim 4 , characterised in that the closed ...

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12-01-2017 дата публикации

Method for producing devulcanized rubber and an apparatus therefor

Номер: US20170009044A1
Автор: Gopinath B. Sekhar
Принадлежит: SEKHAR RESEARCH INNOVATIONS Sdn Bhd

A method for producing devulcanized rubber and an apparatus ( 100 ) therefor. The method for producing devulcanized rubber comprises the steps of (1) providing vulcanized rubber particles with a pre-determined particle size and (2) devulcanizing the vulcanized rubber particles. The vulcanized rubber particles are devulcanized mechanically by impact forces and devulcanized chemically by a chemical composition. The impact forces break sulphur-sulphur and sulphur-carbon bonds of the vulcanized rubber particles causing surfaces of the rubber to become receptive in reacting with the chemical composition and the chemical composition renders the sulphur passive to prevent reattachment of the bonds, of which the chemical composition comprises at least one accelerator, at least one inorganic activator and at least one organic activator.

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10-01-2019 дата публикации

METHODS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING OF CARBONACEOUS COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20190009238A1
Автор: LAINE Scott
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide. 2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor disposed within the reaction vessel.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor measures temperature claim 2 , pH claim 2 , or salt concentration.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the system comprises a control unit configured to maintain a first temperature within the reaction vessel before addition of a catalyst.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured to modulate a rate of addition of the catalyst into the reaction vessel to maintain a second temperature that is different from the first temperature inside the reaction vessel.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured with a pre-programmed protocol for controlling the conversion of graphite into graphene oxide.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system modulates a rate of addition of one or more reactants into the reaction vessel to maintain a reaction temperature no greater than 15° C.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises one or more cooling coils for reducing a reaction temperature inside the reaction vessel.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the system is configured to dispense chilled water into the tank to lower the temperature of the graphene oxide.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel and the tank are in fluid communication claim 1 , and the reaction vessel is positioned at a higher position relative to the tank to enable transfer of the graphene oxide from the reaction ...

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03-02-2022 дата публикации

FLOW DISTRIBUTOR AND REACTOR USING SUCH FLOW DISTRIBUTOR

Номер: US20220032244A1
Автор: Byström Emil
Принадлежит: Spinchem AB

A cylindrical flow distributor () for performing, by means of solid reaction members, a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic media is provided. The flow distributor () comprises: a top wall (); a bottom wall () comprising a central through going opening (); and an outer wall () extending between the top wall () and the bottom wall (). The top wall (), the bottom wall () and an inner envelope surface () of said outer wall () together define a confinement () configured to contain solid reaction membersor a rigid body of a reaction member material. The outer wall () comprises a first plurality of longitudinally extending ribs () arranged side by side with longitudinal gaps () extending in the circumferential direction between two adjacent ribs (), and a circumferentially extending first scaffold () encircling and being fixedly attached to a peripheral outer surface () of said plurality of longitudinally extending ribs (). Further, a reactor using such flow distributor () is provided. 1. A cylindrical flow distributor for performing , by means of solid reaction members , a biological or chemical transformation , or physical or chemical trapping from , or release of agents to , a fluidic media , the flow distributor comprising:a top wall;a bottom wall comprising a central through going opening;an outer wall extending between the top wall and the bottom wall; andan inner wall;wherein the outer wall comprises a first plurality of longitudinally extending ribs arranged side by side along a longitudinal centerline of the flow distributor with gaps extending in the circumferential direction between two adjacent ribs, and a circumferentially extending first scaffold encircling and being fixedly attached to a peripheral outer surface of said plurality of longitudinally extending ribs;wherein the inner wall comprises a second scaffold having an extension along an axial direction of the flow distributor, ...

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19-01-2017 дата публикации

MOVING BED CATALYTIC REACTOR FOR MANAGING INTERRUPTIONS TO THE CIRCULATION OF CATALYST, AND PROCESS USING SAID REACTOR

Номер: US20170014791A1
Автор: LAMBERT Fabian
Принадлежит: AXENS

The present invention describes a catalytic reactor operating as a moving bed to manage interruptions in the circulation of catalyst while at the same time avoiding mechanical damage to the contact means containing the catalyst. The invention also concerns a refining or petrochemicals process using the reactor in accordance with the invention. 1571351157. A catalytic reactor employing a moving bed catalyst , in which the catalyst is enclosed in baskets () and in which said baskets are movable along a substantially vertical axis and provided with flaps ( , ) which are themselves substantially vertical , installed in the lower portion of said baskets () , and in which , during an interruption to the circulation of catalyst , a storage space () for catalyst located in the lower portion of the reactor is opened up by lifting the assembly of the basket () and the attached flaps () upwards.2. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , in which circulation of the catalyst under gravity is resumed as soon as the circulation is re-established.35553. The moving bed catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , in which the catalyst is enclosed in baskets () which are annular in shape claim 1 , wherein the walls are constituted by screens which allow the feed to pass from the exterior towards the interior of the basket () claim 1 , then the reaction effluents to pass from the interior of the basket () towards a centre pipe ().4713121412145141112. The moving bed catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , in which the flaps ( claim 1 , ) slide in vertical sleeves () and are provided with windows () which are obstructed by the sleeves () during normal circulation claim 1 , said windows () being opened up when the basket () is lifted following an interruption to the circulation claim 1 , thus allowing the catalyst to pass through said windows () towards a storage zone () located in the lower portion of the reactor between the sleeve () and the wall of the catalyst.51411. The moving bed ...

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21-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONVERTING CARBONACEOUS FUELS

Номер: US20160016137A1
Автор: Fan Liang-Shih, Wang Dawei
Принадлежит:

A system for converting carbonaceous fuels is provided. The system includes a gaseous fuel conversion reactor, a solid fuel conversion reactor, and a fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor disposed between the gaseous fuel conversion reactor and the solid fuel conversion reactor. The fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor devolatilizes a solid fuel using heat to produce an off-gas and a devolatilized solid fuel. The gaseous fuel conversion reactor converts the off-gas from the fuel pretreatment fluidized bed reactor to a product gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and water. The solid fuel conversion reactor receives a mixture of oxygen carrier solids and devolatilized solid fuel from the pretreatment reactor discharge and reduces the devolatilized solid fuel with the oxygen carrier solids to convert the devolatilized solid fuel to an intermediate gas.

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16-01-2020 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR EFFICIENT MIXING OF LAMINAR, LOW-VELOCITY FLUIDS

Номер: US20200016561A1
Автор: Roode Matthew J.
Принадлежит: The Boeing Company

A gas delivery system and method for delivering reactants such as a first gas through a first conduit and a second gas through at least one second conduit, for example, through a plurality of second conduits. The plurality of second conduits may each have a length, wherein at least a portion of the length is entirely disposed within the first conduit. In an implementation, the first conduit may deliver carbon monoxide and the one or more second conduits may deliver carbon monoxide doped with a catalyst such as iron pentacarbonyl. The first and second gases may be introduced into a reaction vessel such as a reactor chamber and used to form carbon nanotubes. 1. A gas delivery system , comprising:a first conduit having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the first conduit is attached to a first gas source; the first end of the second conduit is attached to a second gas source; and', 'the second conduit has a length and is positioned entirely within an interior of the first conduit over at least a portion of the length; and, 'a second conduit having a first end and a second end, wherein the second end of the first conduit; and', 'the second end of the second conduit, wherein the gas delivery port is configured to deliver a first gas within the first gas source through the first conduit into a reactor chamber and a second gas within the second gas source through the second conduit to the reactor chamber., 'a gas delivery port, comprising2. The gas delivery system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of second conduits each having a length claim 1 , and the length of each second conduit is positioned entirely within the interior of the first conduit over at least a portion of the length of the second conduits.3. The gas delivery system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of second conduits are freestanding within the interior of the first conduit and are free from physical contact with the first conduit over the portion of the lengths of the ...

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28-01-2016 дата публикации

POWDER STIRRING DEVICE

Номер: US20160023177A1
Автор: Tanaka Noriyuki
Принадлежит: TOYO TANSO CO., LTD.

A powder stirring device includes a reaction container and a rotation driving device. The reaction container has a cylindrical outer peripheral wall and a pair of end surface walls. The end surface walls are respectively provided at one end and the other end of the outer peripheral wall. The reaction container is arranged in a heat-insulating cover such that an axis of the outer peripheral wall is in parallel with a horizontal direction. The outer peripheral wall has an inner peripheral surface rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis. During the powder process, the powder is stored in the reaction container, and the reaction container is rotated around a rotation axis that passes through the central axis of the outer peripheral wall by the rotation driving device. In this state, a processing gas is supplied into the reaction container. Also, the processing gas in the reaction container is discharged. 1. (canceled)2. A powder processing apparatus that processes powder using a processing gas , comprising:a powder transport path that has a strip-shaped transporter that extends spirally in a vertical direction and on which the powder moves;a powder supplier for supplying the powder to the powder transport path;a vibration applier that vibrates the powder transport path to move the powder supplied to the powder transport path along the strip-shaped transporter;a processing container in which the powder supplied to the powder transport path is processed by the processing gas while moving;a powder recoverer that recovers the processed powder; andat least one height limitation member that limits a height of the powder moving on the strip-shaped transporter.3. The powder processing apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the height limitation member has a lower end that is opposite to the strip-shaped transporter claim 2 , and is arranged such that a clearance is formed between the lower end and the strip-shaped transporter.4. The powder processing apparatus ...

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25-01-2018 дата публикации

METHOD FOR FLUIDIZING COPPER SILICIDE AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING A HALOSILANE USING THE METHOD

Номер: US20180021747A1
Принадлежит: Dow Corning Corporation

A method is useful for maintaining a uniformly fluidized bed in a fluidized bed apparatus. The method includes the steps of charging a mixture of particles including copper silicide particles and fluidization additive particles into the fluidized bed apparatus, and uniformly fluidizing the particles at a temperature of at least 400° C. in the fluidized bed apparatus. 1. A method maintaining a uniformly fluidized bed in a fluidized bed apparatus comprises:(A) heating, at a temperature of at least 400° C., a mixture of particles comprising greater than 80 weight % to less than 100% copper silicide particles and greater than 0 to 20 weight % fluidization additive particles in the fluidized bed apparatus, and(B) feeding a fluid into the fluidized bed apparatus at a velocity sufficient to maintain uniform fluidization.2. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide particles have a particle size of 10 μm to 150 μm.3. The method of claim 1 , where the additive particles are present in an amount of greater than 0 weight % to 10 weight % claim 1 , based on total weight of the mixture.4. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide particles are present in an amount of 95 weight % to 98 weight % of the mixture claim 1 , and the fluidization additive particles are present in an amount of 2 weight % to 5 weight % of the mixture.5. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide is selected from the group consisting of (i) CuSi claim 1 , (ii) CuSi claim 1 , (iii) CuSi claim 1 , and (iv) CuSi claim 1 , and a mixture of two or more of (i) claim 1 , (ii) claim 1 , (iii) claim 1 , (iv).6. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide comprises CuSi.7. The method of claim 1 , where the copper silicide has empirical formula CuSiCrCoFeIrNiPdPtReRu claim 1 , where subscripts b claim 1 , c claim 1 , d claim 1 , e claim 1 , f claim 1 , g claim 1 , h claim 1 , i claim 1 , j claim 1 , k claim 1 , and m represent the molar amounts of each element present claim 1 , and b>0 ...

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10-02-2022 дата публикации

METHOD OF ENHANCING HYDRATION OF VISCOSIFIERS USING CONTROLLED MECHANICALLY INDUCED CAVITATION

Номер: US20220041914A1
Принадлежит:

A method of hydrating a dry powdered viscosifier such as a powdered polymer is disclosed. The method includes mixing the powdered viscosifier with a solvent such as water to form a mixture; moving the mixture through a cavitation zone; inducing energetic shock waves and pressure fluctuations in the mixture by mechanically inducing cavitation events within the mixture, the shock waves and pressure fluctuations untangling, separating, and straightening polymer molecule chains and distributing the chains throughout the mixture, and extracting the resulting hydrated viscosifier from the cavitation zone. 1. A method of enhancing hydration of a powdered viscosifier comprising the steps of:(a) introducing a viscosifier containing non-hydrated powdered particles into a flow of a solvent or hydrating fluid to produce a mixture;(b) feeding the mixture into a controlled cavitation reactor, wherein the mixture flows from sides of a rotor of the controlled cavitation reactor through a cavitation zone defined between an outer peripheral surface of the rotor and a wall of a housing of the controlled cavitation reactor, and into the rotor through a plurality of bores formed in the rotor(c) as the rotor of the controlled cavitation reactor is rotated, generating cavitation events within the mixture in a low shear environment within the controlled cavitation reactor;(d) controlling a rotor rotation rate as the mixture flows through the cavitation zone to control the cavitation events for generating shock waves that result in cavitation induced pressure variations that propagate through the mixture as the mixture flows through the cavitation zone to substantially separate and disperse the non-hydrated powdered particles of the viscosifier within the mixture and increase surface area contact between the solvent or hydrating fluid and the non-hydrated powdered particles of the viscosifier;(e) as a result of step (d), forcing solvent molecules into and out of the powder particles to ...

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24-04-2014 дата публикации

Method for producing sodium tungstate, method for collecting tungsten, apparatus for producing sodium tungstate, and method for producing sodium tungstate aqueous solution

Номер: US20140112847A1

Provided are a method for producing sodium tungstate by supplying an oxidant made of sodium nitrate or sodium nitrite to bring a tungsten containing material and the oxidant into contact with each other in an atmosphere containing oxygen to thereby continuously produce a reaction product; a method for collecting tungsten using the method; and an apparatus for producing sodium tungstate. Also provided are a method for producing a sodium tungstate aqueous solution in which a reductant is introduced into a melt containing the above-described reaction product which is then dissolved in water; and a method for collecting tungsten using the method.

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04-02-2016 дата публикации

DISTRIBUTING SECONDARY SOLIDS IN PACKED MOVING BED REACTORS

Номер: US20160030904A1
Принадлежит:

A system and method for distribution and treatment of secondary solids in packed moving bed reactors is provided. The system includes a packed moving bed reactor and a regeneration reactor downstream of the packed moving bed reactor. The packed moving bed reactor having a primary solid introduction section configured to receive a primary solid material, a primary solid constriction section downstream of the primary solid introduction section, a secondary solid inlet, and a mixing section for primary solid material and secondary solid material downstream of the primary solid constriction section. The primary solid constriction section has a recessed zone, wherein the secondary solid inlet is configured to deliver secondary solid material into the packed moving bed reactor at the recessed zone. The regeneration reactor is operable to regenerate the primary solid material reduced in the packed moving bed reactor. 1. A system comprising a packed moving bed reactor and a regeneration reactor downstream of the packed moving bed reactor , a primary solid introduction section configured to receive a primary solid material operable to be reduced in the packed moving bed reactor,', 'a primary solid constriction section downstream of the primary solid introduction section, the primary solid constriction section having an outer wall,', 'a secondary solid inlet, and', 'a mixing section for the primary solid material and secondary solid material downstream of the primary solid constriction section, the mixing section having an inner wall; wherein, 'the packed moving bed reactor comprises'}the primary solid constriction section projects into the mixing section and forms a recessed zone defined by a volume between the outer wall of the primary solid constriction section and the inner wall of the mixing section, wherein the recessed zone has a cross-sectional area equal to about 25% to about 75% of a cross-sectional area of the mixing section immediately downstream of the recessed ...

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30-01-2020 дата публикации

SYSTEM TO CONVERT CELLULOSIC MATERIALS INTO SUGAR AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

Номер: US20200030764A1
Принадлежит:

A system configured to convert cellulosic materials to sugar is provided. The system has a housing a plurality of sensors coupled to the housing configured to receive input from an internal section of the housing, and convert the input to data during operation, and a control system comprising a processor, the control system configured to configured to adjust a parameter of the housing based on the received data, wherein the received data comprises an amount of oxygen within the housing, and if the oxygen in the housing is outside a predetermined range, the control system outputs a signal to an outlet to release a predetermined amount of oxygen. 1. A device configured to convert cellulosic materials to sugar , the device comprising:a housing having at least a flight disposed therein, the housing having a steam inlet and a vacuum inlet;a plurality of sensors coupled to the housing configured to receive input from an internal section of the housing, and convert the input to data during operation; anda control system comprising a processor, the control system configured to configured to adjust a parameter of the housing based on the received data;wherein the received data comprises an amount of oxygen within the housing, and if the oxygen in the housing is outside a predetermined range, the control system outputs a signal to an outlet to release a predetermined amount of oxygen.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises at least one pressure sensor.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises at least one temperature sensor claim 1 , wherein the at least one temperature sensor is a thermocouple and is further configured to output a signal to the control system if the pH is outside of a predetermined range.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprises a pH meter configured to calculate the hydrogen-ion activity of the products in the housing claim 1 , and further configured to output a signal to ...

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30-01-2020 дата публикации

GAS DISTRIBUTION PLATE FOR THERMAL DEPOSITION

Номер: US20200030766A1
Принадлежит:

Apparatus and methods for providing high velocity gas flow showerheads for deposition chambers are described. The showerhead has a faceplate in contact with a backing plate that has a concave portion to provide a plenum between the backing plate and the faceplate. A plurality of thermal elements is within the concave portion of the backing plate and extends to contact the faceplate. 1. A gas distribution plate comprising:a faceplate having a front surface and a back surface defining a thickness and a plurality of apertures extending through the thickness; anda backing plate having a front surface and a back surface defining a thickness, the front surface in contact with the back surface of the faceplate, the front surface of the backing plate including a concave portion to form a plenum bounded by the concave portion and the back surface of the faceplate, and a plurality of thermal elements extending from a concave surface the concave portion and contacting the back surface of the faceplate.2. The gas distribution plate of claim 1 , wherein each of the thermal elements independently extends a length from the concave surface of the concave portion to a front surface of the thermal element.3. The gas distribution plate of claim 2 , wherein the front surfaces of the thermal elements are substantially coplanar.4. The gas distribution plate of claim 2 , wherein each of the thermal elements has a tapered profile with a flared base at the concave surface of the concave portion and a narrower end at the front surface.5. The gas distribution plate of claim 2 , wherein the backing plate has an outer peripheral edge and the concave portion has an outer peripheral edge.6. The gas distribution plate of claim 5 , wherein an outer front face ring defined as the front surface of the backing plate between the outer peripheral edge of the concave portion and the outer peripheral edge of the backing plate is substantially flat.7. The gas distribution plate of claim 6 , wherein the ...

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04-02-2021 дата публикации

Multiple Reactor and Multiple Zone Polyolefin Polymerization

Номер: US20210032380A1
Принадлежит:

Apparatuses and processes that produce multimodal polyolefins, and in particular, polyethylene resins, are disclosed herein. This is accomplished by using two reactors in series, where one of the reactors is a multi-zone circulating reactor that can circulate polyolefin particles through two polymerization zones optionally having two different flow regimes so that the final multimodal polyolefin has improved product properties and improved product homogeneity. 1. A trimodal polyethylene resin having a low molecular weight (LMW) component , an intermediate molecular weight (IMW) component , and a high molecular weight (HMW) component; wherein the LMW component is present in an amount of from about 20 wt. % to about 75 wt. %; wherein the IMW component is present in an amount of from about 5 wt. % to about 40 wt. %; wherein the LMW component has a weight average molecular weight of from about 20 kg/mol to about 150 kg/mol; wherein the IMW component has a weight average molecular weight of from about 85 kg/mol to about 350 kg/mol; wherein the weight average molecular weight of the IMW component is greater than the weight average molecular weight of the LMW component; wherein the weight average molecular weight of the HMW component is greater than the weight average molecular weight of the IMW component; wherein the trimodal polyethylene resin has a Young's modulus (E) of equal to or greater than about 900 MPa , when tested in accordance with ASTM D638; and wherein the trimodal polyethylene resin has a density of equal to or greater than about 0.952 g/cc , when tested in accordance with ASTM D1505.2. The trimodal polyethylene resin of claim 1 , wherein the trimodal polyethylene resin has a melt index of less than about 1 g/10 min claim 1 , when tested in accordance with ASTM D1238 under a force of 2.16 kg.3. The trimodal polyethylene resin of claim 1 , wherein the trimodal polyethylene resin has a density of equal to or greater than about 0.955 g/cc claim 1 , when tested ...

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08-02-2018 дата публикации

INCLINED BED REACTOR PERMITTING A SMALL QUANTITY OF CATALYST TO BE EMPLOYED

Номер: US20180036701A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention describes a type of inclined bed reactor which permits a small quantity of catalyst to be employed. Application of the reactor to a regenerative reforming process. 1124849128951011125610712. A reactor with an inclined gravitational flow of catalyst and with a transverse flow of feed , said reactor being constituted by an outer conical wall () and an inner conical wall () substantially parallel to each other , the two conical walls being inclined at an angle alpha with respect to the vertical , the point of the cone possibly being directed towards the top or towards the bottom , and the catalyst being introduced into the distribution zone () via one or more introduction legs () and collected from the outlet of the reaction zone () via one or more evacuation legs () , the assembly constituted by the outer () and inner () conical walls , the introduction legs () , and the evacuation legs () is enclosed in a shell () comprising an upper hemispherical portion () , a central cylindrical portion () and a lower hemispherical portion () and the feed being admitted into the interior of the shell () via an admission pipe () located at the top of the upper hemispherical portion () , and the reaction effluents being evacuated via a lower pipe () located at the lower portion of the lower hemispherical portion ().212. The inclined gravitational flow reactor according to claim 1 , in which the distance separating the outer () and inner () conical walls is in the range 50 to 200 mm claim 1 , preferably in the range 50 to 150 mm.33. The inclined gravitational flow reactor according to claim 1 , in which the angle alpha of inclination of the reaction zone () is in the range 0° (excluded) to 70° claim 1 , and preferably in the range 10° to 50° (this angle alpha being with respect to the vertical).4434. The inclined gravitational flow reactor according to claim 1 , in which the height-to-diameter ratio is in the range 1 to 30 claim 1 , preferably in the range 1 to ...

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24-02-2022 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED COOLER WITH REGIONAL COORDINATION ENHANCEMENT

Номер: US20220055004A1
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure discloses a fluidized bed cooler with regional coordination enhancement, comprising a shell, a catalyst inlet, an interior of the shell is divided into a catalyst inlet influence region, a dilute phase region, a dense phase region and a gas distributor influence region; a catalyst inlet inclined tube is provided obliquely upward at the catalyst inlet, and a regional particle distributor is provided at the catalyst inlet; the dense phase region is provided with a plurality of dense phase baffle plates, and the dilute phase region is provided with a plurality of dilute phase baffle plates; and the gas distributor influence region is provided with double gas distributors. The fluidized bed cooler simultaneously well solves the low internal stability and the low heat exchange efficiency of the fluidized bed cooler, thereby realizing the stable and efficient operation of the fluidized bed cooler. 1. A fluidized bed cooler with regional coordination enhancement , comprising a shell which is cylindrical and vertically provided , wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes are vertically distributed in the shell , a catalyst inlet is provided at an upper portion of the shell , a catalyst outlet is provided at a bottom portion of the shell , and an interior of the shell is divided into a catalyst inlet influence region , a dilute phase region at the upper portion , a dense phase region at the lower portion and a gas distributor influence region at the bottom portion , and wherein the dilute phase region and the dense phase region are located above and below the catalyst inlet influence region , respectively , wherein a catalyst inlet inclined tube is provided obliquely upward at the catalyst inlet , and a regional particle distributor is provided at the catalyst inlet positioned in the catalyst inlet inclined tube;wherein the regional particle distributor comprises a local gas distribution plate, a local gas pre-distributor, a left splitter partition ...

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07-02-2019 дата публикации

ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS FOR THE EXFOLIATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL MATERIALS

Номер: US20190039905A1
Принадлежит: UCHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC

A system for extracting two dimensional materials from a bulk material by functionalization of the bulk material in a reactor. 1. A method of exfoliating two-dimensional materials comprising:adding a bulk material to a polar solvent in a reactor vessel;dissolving ozone in the polar solvent; andexfoliating two-dimensional material from the bulk material by advanced oxidation process.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bulk material is selected from the group consisting of graphite claim 1 , Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) claim 1 , Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe) claim 1 , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) claim 1 , Tungsten disulfide(WS) claim 1 , and Tungsten diselenide (WSe).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is graphene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material formed is from bulk is Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) claim 1 , Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe) claim 1 , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) claim 1 , Tungsten disulfide(WS) claim 1 , and Tungsten diselenide (WSe).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is single layer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is few layer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material is multi layer.8. The method of claim 1 , the polar solvent is chilled from around room temperature to between 5° C. and 15° C.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising agitating the polar solvent.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the polar solvent has a temperature above 25° C.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein no chemical preprocessing of the bulk material is necessary.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the working solvent can be HO claim 1 , HO claim 1 , an inert PFC claim 1 , or a mixture of these in any combination.13. The method of claim 11 , further comprising exposing the solvent to ultraviolet (UV) radiation to enhance radical formation in the working HOor HO or HO/HOsolvent.14. An apparatus for exfoliating two-dimensional ...

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06-02-2020 дата публикации

LOW-CAPACITY COMPARTMENTALIZED REACTOR

Номер: US20200038829A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

Catalytic reactor () with radial flow of a hydrocarbon feedstock to be treated comprising: 110. A catalytic reactor () with radial flow of a hydrocarbon feedstock , said reactor comprising:at least one means for introducing said feedstock to be treated;at least one means for discharging the effluent resulting from the catalytic reaction;{'b': 13', '14', '15', '15, 'claim-text': [{'b': '16', 'at least one catalyst bed ();'}, {'b': 21', '22, 'at least one outer wall () and one inner wall () permeable respectively to the feedstock to be treated and to the effluent resulting from the catalytic reaction;'}, {'b': 23', '24, 'at least one first side wall () and one second side wall () impermeable to the feedstock to be treated;'}], 'a reaction zone () enclosed in a substantially cylindrical outer shell () that is in the form of at least one catalytic module () extending along the vertical axis (AX), said catalytic module () comprising{'b': 25', '15, 'at least one means () for supporting said catalytic module ();'}{'b': 29', '21', '22', '15, 'at least one means () for collecting the effluent resulting from the catalytic reaction extending along the axis (AX) in communication with said outer wall () or said inner wall () of said catalytic module ();'}{'b': 30', '15', '13, 'an annular zone () located at the same level as said catalytic module (), outside of the reaction zone (),'}said catalytic reactor being characterized in that:{'b': 15', '27', '13', '23', '24', '15', '30, 'when said catalytic reactor comprises a single catalytic module (), said reactor comprises an empty space () located outside of the reaction zone (), between the first side wall () and the second side wall () of said catalytic module (), and opening onto said annular zone (),'}{'b': 15', '27', '13', '23', '15', '24', '15', '15', '30, 'when said catalytic reactor comprises a plurality of catalytic modules (), said reactor comprises at least one empty space () located outside of the reaction zone (), ...

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18-02-2016 дата публикации

JOINT DESIGN FOR SEGMENTED SILICON CARBIDE LINER IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

Номер: US20160045880A1
Принадлежит: REC SILICON INC

Segmented silicon carbide liners for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material are disclosed, as well as methods of making and using the segmented silicon carbide liners. Non-contaminating bonding materials for joining silicon carbide segments also are disclosed. One or more of the silicon carbide segments may be constructed of reaction-bonded silicon carbide. 1. A segmented silicon carbide liner for a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material , comprising:a first silicon carbide segment having a first segment upper edge surface defining one of an upwardly opening first segment depression or an upwardly extending first segment protrusion;a second silicon carbide segment located above and abutted to the first silicon carbide segment, the second silicon carbide segment having a second segment lower edge surface defining a downwardly opening second segment depression if the first segment upper edge surface defines an upwardly extending first segment protrusion or a downwardly extending second segment protrusion if the first segment upper edge surface defines an upwardly opening first segment depression, the protrusion being received within the depression and having smaller dimensions than the depression such that the surface of the depression is spaced apart from the surface of the protrusion and a space is located between the protrusion and the depression; anda volume of bonding material comprising a lithium salt, the bonding material disposed within the space between the protrusion and the depression.2. The segmented silicon carbide liner of claim 1 , wherein:the first silicon carbide segment comprises a first tubular wall having an annular upper surface, the first segment upper edge surface being at least a portion of the annular upper surface, and the first segment depression is a groove that is defined by and extends along at least a portion of the first segment upper edge surface or ...

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18-02-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING CATALYST FROM OVERHEATING

Номер: US20160046540A1
Принадлежит:

A system for preventing a catalyst from overheating is provided. The system includes: a first reactor filled with a catalyst at least in part and configured to receive reaction gas and produce product gas; and a second reactor configured to cool a catalyst discharged from the first reactor. The catalyst is circulated between the first reactor and the second reactor by injecting the catalyst cooled in the second reactor into the first rector. 1. A system for preventing a catalyst from overheating , the system comprising:a first reactor filled with a catalyst at least in part and configured to receive reaction gas and produce product gas; anda second reactor configured to cool a catalyst discharged from the first reactor,wherein the catalyst is circulated between the first reactor and the second reactor by injecting the catalyst cooled in the second reactor into the first rector.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a catalyst of a particle shape having a diameter ranging from 1 to 9 claim 1 ,000 micrometers.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a path of a first cooling fluid passing through the first reactor claim 1 , andwherein the catalyst in the first reactor is cooled by the first cooling fluid.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first reactor is a fluidized bed reactor and the product gas is produced in a state in which the catalyst in the first reactor is fluidized.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the second reactor is filled with the catalyst discharged from the first reactor at least in part claim 1 , andwherein the system further comprises a path of a second cooling fluid passing through the second reactor.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a path to allow the reaction gas to pass through the second reactor claim 1 , andwherein the reaction gas passing through the path of the reaction gas is pre-heated and supplied to the first reactor.7. A method for preventing a catalyst from overheating claim 1 , the method comprising ...

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16-02-2017 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCING ISOSORBIDE FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20170044177A1
Автор: WANG Yanqin

Methods and systems for producing isosorbide from biomass are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of producing isosorbide from biomass may include contacting biomass, a catalyst mixture of a noble metal and a first solid acid, and hydrogen to form a first reaction mixture, and heating the first reaction mixture to form at least one intermediate compound. Further, the intermediate compound is contacted with a second solid acid to form a second reaction mixture, and heating the second reaction mixture to form isosorbide. 1. A method of producing isosorbide from a biomass , the method comprising:contacting biomass, a catalyst mixture of a noble metal and a first solid acid, and hydrogen to form a first reaction mixture;heating the first reaction mixture to form at least one intermediate compound;contacting the at least one intermediate compound with a second solid acid to form a second reaction mixture;heating the second reaction mixture to form isosorbide; andisolating the isosorbide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the biomass comprises contacting a carbohydrate claim 1 , polysaccharide claim 1 , monosaccharide claim 1 , disaccharide claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , starch claim 1 , pentose claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein heating the first reaction mixture comprises heating to form a depolymerization product of biomass selected from a monosaccharide claim 1 , a disaccharide claim 1 , sorbitol claim 1 , sorbitan claim 1 , or any combination thereof4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing the catalyst mixture from the at least one intermediate compound prior to contacting the at least one intermediate compound with the second solid acid.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the catalyst mixture comprises contacting the catalyst mixture comprising a noble metal including Au claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Ir claim 1 , Os claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , or any ...

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19-02-2015 дата публикации

Device and method for the catalytic depolymerization of material containing hydrocarbon

Номер: US20150047962A1
Автор: Axel Trautmann
Принадлежит: Individual

In a device for the catalytic depolymerisation of material containing hydrocarbon, containing at least one container which can be filled with the material, at least one conveyor device having a device for introducing heat into the interior of the conveyor device and having at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening spaced apart therefrom are provided in the container, wherein the inlet opening is or can be disposed in the lower region of the container and the outlet opening is or can be disposed in the upper region of the container for circulating and heating the material to the evaporation temperature. In a method for the catalytic depolymerisation of hydrocarbon-containing material using at least one container which can be filled with the material, at least one carrier medium is filled into the container, the material is introduced into the carrier medium, the carrier medium comprising the material is set in a rotary motion, the material is circulated through a conveyor device having a device for introducing heat and is heated until said material is brought to evaporation temperature, the rising vapour is condensed and the distillate components are discharged as product.

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03-03-2022 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS HIGH-PRESSURE TREATMENT OF BULK MATERIAL AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20220062788A1
Принадлежит:

An apparatus and method of high pressure treatment of bulk material by extraction and/or impregnation may involve treating bulk material in an internal volume of a pressure vessel apparatus at a high pressure level in a range from 40 to 1000 bar under isolation from the environment. The high pressure treatment may be performed charge-wise in a closed system in the pressure vessel apparatus in that the bulk material is supplied charge-wise to the internal volume with the pressure vessel apparatus closed and is positioned in at least one treatment plane. Upon completion of the high pressure treatment, the bulk material is discharged charge-wise from the internal volume with the pressure vessel apparatus closed. This also gives advantages in terms of handling, especially also with regard to material flow, and with regard to operational reliability.

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08-05-2014 дата публикации

MOVING BED REACTOR

Номер: US20140127090A1
Принадлежит: ECOLOOP GmbH

The apparatus serves to thermally separate carbon-rich substances in a moving bed reactor () through which a bulk material () passes. A vertical bulk material column () for supplying the material is supplemented by a bulk material column for removing material, wherein the widths and heights of the bulk material columns () and the composition of the bulk material () are selected in such a manner that sealing of the interior of the reactor is brought about by an internal pressure loss in the columns (). At the same time, a stream of bulk material is made possible, wherein a first cavity () is provided in the upper reactor region and a second cavity () is provided in the lower reactor region, between which cavities a differential pressure Δp of at least 50 mbar is provided, said differential pressure being stabilized by the pressure loss via the fill. 1. An apparatus for thermal cleavage of carbon-rich substances in a moving bed reactor through which a bulk material flows from top to bottom , in which a vertical bulk material column is provided for the delivery of material flows , characterized in that wherein for removing material flows from the moving bed reactor , a vertical bulk material column is provided , and the widths and heights of the bulk material columns and the nature of the bulk material are selected such that the bulk material columns on the one hand via their internal pressure loss effect sealing off of the reactor interior from the atmosphere , and on the other they enable a continuous or batchwise bulk material flow , and in the upper reactor region a first hollow chamber and in the lower reactor region a second hollow chamber are provided , between which a pressure difference Δp of at least 50 mbar is provided , which is stabilized by the pressure loss via the bulk material inside the moving bed reactor.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the vertical bulk material column for delivering the material flows is connected in communicating fashion with ...

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14-02-2019 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING OLEFINS FROM PARAFFINS

Номер: US20190047922A1
Автор: Dziabis Gary A.
Принадлежит:

Processes for catalytic dehydrogenation of paraffin stream is disclosed. The process includes passing a first portion of the paraffin-containing feedstream through a select catalytic reactor in a plurality of catalytic reactors. An internal differential pressure is measured in the select catalytic reactor. A second portion of the paraffin-containing feed stream is bypassed around the select catalytic reactor when the measured internal differential pressure is above a predetermined limit of the internal differential pressure. The bypassed second portion is passed to at least one other catalytic reactor in the plurality of reactors located downstream of the select catalytic reactor being bypassed. 118.-. (canceled)19. A process for dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon-containing feed stream comprising:a) passing a first portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feedstream through at a first catalytic dehydrogenation reactor to provide a first effluent stream, the hydrocarbon-containing feedstream comprising propane, butane, or a combination thereof;b) measuring a first internal differential pressure across an inner screen or an outer screen in the first catalytic dehydrogenation reactor and bypassing a second portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream around the first catalytic dehydrogenation reactor when the first internal differential pressure is above a first predetermined limit;c) passing a first portion of first effluent stream and at least a portion of the bypassed second portion of the hydrocarbon-containing feed stream to a second catalytic dehydrogenation reactor to provide a second effluent stream;d) measuring a second internal differential pressure across an inner screen or an outer screen in the second catalytic dehydrogenation reactor and bypassing a second portion of first effluent stream around the second catalytic dehydrogenation reactor when the second internal differential pressure is above a second predetermined limit;e) passing a first portion of ...

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26-02-2015 дата публикации

Radial Flow Process and Apparatus

Номер: US20150057480A1
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A system for radial flow contact of a reactant stream with catalyst particles includes a reactor vessel and a catalyst retainer in the reactor vessel. The catalyst retainer includes an inner particle retention device and an outer particle retention device. The inner particle retention device and the outer particle retention device are spaced apart to define a catalyst retaining space. The inner particle retention device defines an axial flow path of the reactor vessel, and the outer particle retention device and an inner surface of a wall of the reactor vessel define an annular flow path of the reactor vessel. The system includes an inlet nozzle having an exit opening in fluid communication with the axial flow path, and an outlet nozzle in fluid communication with the annular flow path. The system can further include a fluid displacement device in the axial flow path of the reactor vessel.

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10-03-2022 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS HIGH-PRESSURE TREATMENT OF BULK MATERIAL AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20220072447A1
Принадлежит:

An apparatus and method for high pressure treatment of bulk material by extraction and/or impregnation may involve high pressure treating bulk material in a high pressure treatment volume of a pressure vessel apparatus at a high pressure level, especially high pressure in the range from 40 to 1000 bar. The method comprises at least the three following step sequences that are each controllable individually: pressurization, high pressure treatment, and depressurization. The high pressure treatment is performed in a continuous manner in the high pressure treatment volume. The high pressure treatment volume or the entire pressure vessel apparatus is in a fixed arrangement during the high pressure treatment. The continuity of the high pressure treatment is ensured solely by means of the high pressure treatment volume. This especially enables engineering optimization of high pressure treatment processes, for example extraction. 116-. (canceled)17. A method for high pressure treatment of bulk material by extraction , wherein the bulk material is disposed in a high pressure treatment volume , which has cavities , of a pressure vessel apparatus and is treated at a high pressure level in a range from 40 to 1000 bar , wherein the method comprises:pressurizing the high pressure treatment volume;high pressure treating the bulk material in a continuous manner in the high pressure treatment volume, with continuity of the high pressure treating being ensured solely by way of the high pressure treatment volume, wherein the high pressure treatment volume or the pressure vessel apparatus is in a fixed arrangement during the high pressure treating, wherein the high pressure treating comprises continuously displacing the bulk material by translation of a translational actuator within the high pressure treatment volume; anddepressurizing the high pressure treatment volume.18. The method of wherein the translational actuator is a piston inserted into an end face of the high pressure ...

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10-03-2022 дата публикации

Reaction method for reacting reaction object with liquid containing the reaction object being in contact with granular porous body

Номер: US20220072510A1
Принадлежит: SNG Inc

A method for reacting a reaction object with a liquid containing the reaction object in contact with a granular porous body. The upper limit D (mm) of the particle diameter of the granular porous body is determined from D=0.556×LN (T)+0.166 in a column flow method in non-circulation type, and determined from D=0.0315×T+0.470 in the column flow method in a circulation type and a shaking method. The granular porous body includes a skeleton body including an inorganic compound having a three-dimensional continuous network structure, and has a two-step hierarchical porous structure including through-holes formed in voids in the skeleton body, and pores extending from a surface to an inside of the skeleton body and dispersed on the surface. A functional group having affinity with the metal ion is chemically modified on a surface of the granular porous body.

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01-03-2018 дата публикации

CONTINUOUS GAS FLUIDIZED BED POLYMERIZATION PROCESS

Номер: US20180056263A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a polyolefin in a reaction system from one or more α-olefin monomers of which at least one is ethylene or propylene, 5 wherein the reaction system comprises a reactor, a product purge bin, a granular feed bin, wherein the granular feed bin is located downstream of the product purge bin, a recovery unit and an extrusion unit directly coupled to the granular fed bin, wherein the reactor comprises a fluidized bed, an expanded section located at or near the top of the reactor, a distribution plate located at the lower part of the reactor and an 10 inlet for a recycle stream located under the distribution plate, wherein the process comprises a) feeding a polymerization catalyst to the fluidized bed in the area above the distribution plate, b) feeding the one or more α-olefin monomers to the reactor, 15 c) circulating fluids from the top of the reactor to the bottom of the reactor, wherein the circulating fluids are cooled using a heat exchanger, resulting in a cooled recycle stream comprising liquid, and wherein the cooled recycle stream is introduced into the reactor using the inlet for the recycle stream, d) withdrawing a stream comprising the polyolefin and fluids from the reactor and 20 passing said stream into the product purge bin, e) purging the product purge bin with a purge stream comprising a first inert gas, preferably nitrogen and steam such that a stream comprising a purged polyolefin and a stream comprising fluids, wherein the stream comprising the fluids is substantially free of steam, is obtained, 25 f) introducing at least part of the stream comprising the fluids back into the reactor via the recovery unit, g) introducing the stream comprising the purged polyolefin into the granular feed bin and h) contacting a deactivating stream comprising steam with the purged polyolefin in the 30 granular feed bin to obtain a polyolefin that is substantially free of active polymerization catalyst. 1. A process ...

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21-02-2019 дата публикации

METHODS FOR FUEL CONVERSION

Номер: US20190055123A1
Принадлежит:

In one embodiment described herein, fuel may be converted into syngas by a method comprising feeding the fuel and composite metal oxides into a reduction reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to one another, reducing the composite metal oxides with the fuel to form syngas and reduced composite metal oxides, transporting the reduced composite metal oxides to an oxidation reactor, regenerating the composite metal oxides by oxidizing the reduced composite metal oxides with an oxidizing reactant in the oxidation reactor, and recycling the regenerated composite metal oxides to the reduction reactor for subsequent reduction reactions to produce syngas. The composite metal oxides may be solid particles comprising a primary metal oxide and a secondary metal oxide. 1. A method for converting carbonaceous fuel into syngas , the method comprising:feeding the fuel and composite metal oxides into a reduction reactor having a top and a bottom, wherein the fuel and the composite metal oxides are fed into the top of the reduction reactor, whereupon the composite metal oxides form a packed bed and the composite metal oxides and the fuel flow downward through the reactor in a co-current flow pattern relative to one another;reducing the composite metal oxides with the fuel in the reduction reactor to form syngas and reduced composite metal oxides;removing the syngas and the reduced composite metal oxides from the bottom of the reduction reactor wherein the syngas comprises hydrogen and carbon monoxide;transporting the reduced composite metal oxides to an oxidation reactor;regenerating the composite metal oxides by oxidizing the reduced composite metal oxides with an oxidizing reactant in the oxidation reactor; andrecycling the regenerated composite metal oxides to the reduction reactor for subsequent reduction reactions to produce syngas in the reduction reactor;{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'wherein the composite metal oxides comprise iron, titanium and oxygen and the reduced metal ...

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05-03-2015 дата публикации

Process for Preparing Polyolefins

Номер: US20150065666A1
Принадлежит: Total Research and Technology Feluy SA

The present invention relates to a process of preparing a polyolefin in a loop reactor by introducing anti-fouling agent in by-pass pipes. Also, the invention relates to the use of anti-fouling agent to prevent blockage by feeding the anti-fouling agent into the by-pass pipes of the loop reactor.

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28-02-2019 дата публикации

Reactor for Carrying out Equilibrium-Limited Reactions

Номер: US20190060859A1
Принадлежит: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT

Various embodiments may include a reactor for carrying out equilibrium-limited reactions comprising: a reaction chamber for receiving a catalyst; a sorption chamber for receiving a sorption agent; a feedstock feeding device; a sorption agent feeding device; and a gas-permeable element separating the reaction chamber from the sorption chamber, wherein the gas-permeable element repels particles of the sorption agent. 1. A reactor for carrying out equilibrium-limited reactions , the reactor comprising:a reaction chamber for receiving a catalyst;a sorption chamber for receiving a sorption agent;a feedstock feeding device;a sorption agent feeding device; anda gas-permeable element separating the reaction chamber from the sorption chamber, wherein the gas-permeable element repels particles of the sorption agent.2. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gas-permeable element comprises passage openings with a diameter of less than 100 μm.3. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gas-permeable element comprises a textile.4. The reactor as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the textile comprises metallic fibers.5. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gas-permeable element comprises a metal mesh claim 1 , a metal gauze claim 1 , or an expanded metal.6. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the gas-permeable element comprises a membrane.7. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the sorption agent feeding device provides sorption agent to an upper region of the reactor; anda sorption agent discharge device removes sorption agent from a lower region of the reactor.8. The reactor as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the gas-permeable element exhibits a liquid drop repellent effect decreasing from the upper region to the lower region.9. The reactor as claimed in claim 7 , wherein a sorption agent collection zone collects the sorption agent in the lower region.10. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a product separation device external ...

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27-02-2020 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR TREATING PARTICLES IN A ROTATING FLUIDIZED BED

Номер: US20200061568A1
Принадлежит:

Device for treating particles having a vortex chamber defined by end walls at both ends and a circular wall, a rotation imparting device with a fluid feeder arranged in a mainly tangential direction, a particle outlet and a central fluid outlet, an auxiliary chamber coaxially arranged with the vortex chamber defining a treating zone, which auxiliary chamber has a circular outer wall and an end wall and opens into the vortex chamber through an opening in the end wall of the vortex chamber opposite the central fluid outlet, a device for injecting particles coaxially into the treating zone, and a device for feeding a treating fluid into the treating zone in mainly axial direction, wherein the ratio of the area of the opening to the cross-sectional area of the vortex chamber is less than 0.50. 1. Device for treating particles , comprising a vortex chamber defined by end walls at both ends and a circular wall , a rotation imparting device comprising a fluid feeder arranged in a mainly tangential direction , a particle outlet and a central fluid outlet , an auxiliary chamber coaxially arranged with the vortex chamber defining a treating zone , which auxiliary chamber has a circular outer wall and an end wall and opens into the vortex chamber through an opening in the end wall of the vortex chamber opposite the central fluid outlet , a device for injecting particles coaxially into the treating zone , and a device for feeding a treating fluid into the treating zone in mainly axial direction , wherein the ratio of the area of the opening to the cross-sectional area of the vortex chamber is less than 0.50.2. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the area of the opening to the cross-sectional area of the vortex chamber is less than 0.40 claim 1 , suitably in the range of from 0.04 to 0.25 and more suitably in the range of from 0.02 to 0.25.3. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the device for feeding treating fluid into the treating zone is arranged near the end ...

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10-03-2016 дата публикации

REGENERATOR FOR CATALYSTS

Номер: US20160068765A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention concerns a moving bed catalyst regenerator () comprising a vessel () extending in a vertical direction, said vessel being divided into at least two regeneration zones extending along the vertical height of said vessel, in which particles of catalyst move under gravity, the regenerator being configured such that each regeneration zone is capable of separately regenerating a different composition of catalyst and in which each regeneration zone comprises, in succession and in the order in which the catalysts move: 112. A moving bed catalyst regenerator () comprising a vessel () extending in a vertical direction , said vessel being divided into at least two regeneration zones extending along the vertical height of said vessel , in which particles of catalyst move under gravity , the regenerator being configured such that each regeneration zone is capable of separately regenerating a different composition of catalyst and in which each regeneration zone comprises , in succession and in the order in which the catalysts move:a) a combustion section (CO);b) an oxychlorination section (O) disposed below the combustion section and comprising means for bringing catalyst from the combustion section (CO) to the oxychlorination section (O);c) a calcining section (CA) disposed below the oxychlorination section.2. The regenerator according to claim 1 , in which each of the combustion sections comprises an annular space defined by two sieves which are permeable to gas and impermeable to catalysts in which the catalyst moves under gravity.330309934. The regenerator according to claim 1 , in which each of the combustion sections is formed by a portion of an annular space () claim 1 , the annular space () being defined by two sieves ( claim 1 , ′) which are permeable to gas and impermeable to catalysts and divided into portions by separation means () which are impermeable to catalysts claim 1 , said portions each being capable of containing a catalyst with a ...

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12-03-2015 дата публикации

FEEDSTOCKS FOR FORMING CARBON ALLOTROPES

Номер: US20150071848A1
Принадлежит: Solid Carbon Products LLC

Methods and systems are provided for forming carbon allotropes. An exemplary method includes forming a feedstock that includes at least about 10 mol % oxygen, at least about 10 mol % carbon, and at least about 20 mol % hydrogen. Carbon allotropes are formed from the feedstock in a reactor in a Bosch reaction at a temperature of at least about 500° C., and the carbon allotropes are separated from a reactor effluent stream. 1. A method for forming carbon allotropes , comprising:forming a feedstock comprising at least about 10 mol % oxygen, at least about 10 mol % carbon, and at least about 20 mol % hydrogen;forming carbon allotropes from the feedstock in a reactor in a Bosch reaction at a temperature of at least about 500° C.; andseparating the carbon allotropes from a reactor effluent stream.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising holding the temperature of the reactor to less than about 1000° C. during the Bosch reaction.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising holding the temperature between about 575° C. and 700° C.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming a forming a feedstock comprising at least about 20 mol % oxygen claim 1 , at least about 20 mol % carbon claim 1 , and at least about 40 mol % hydrogen.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming a forming a feedstock comprising at least about 15 mol % oxygen claim 1 , at least about 15 mol % carbon claim 1 , and at least about 60 mol % hydrogen.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising adding steam to the feedstock.7. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming the feedstock from a mixture comprising carbon dioxide and methane.8. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming the feedstock from a mixture comprising carbon dioxide claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , and methane.9. The method of claim 1 , comprising:analyzing the feedstock to determine the composition; andmodifying the materials to control the ratio between the carbon, the hydrogen, and the oxygen.10. The method of claim 1 , comprising ...

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17-03-2016 дата публикации

CO CURRENT MIXER, APPARATUS, REACTOR AND METHOD FOR PRECIPITATING NANOPARTICLES

Номер: US20160074823A1
Принадлежит:

A high pressure tubular reactor for production of nanoparticles by precipitation has unidirectional fluid flows of a precursor and supercritical water directed from inner and outer coaxial inlets to an outlet via a reaction zone yearly downstream of the inlets. The inner inlet is for supercritical fluid, and the outer inlet is for a precursor. 1. A co-current mixer for production of nanoparticles by precipitation in a continuous hydrothermal or solvothermal process , the co-current mixer being configured to deliver downstream of the co-current mixer unidirectional fluid flows of: a precursor , which consists essentially of an aqueous solution or suspension of solid particles , and a fluid containing water and/or other solvents and being substantially at or above the critical point of the fluid , the co-current mixer comprising:an outer inlet,an inner inlet disposed coaxially within the outer inlet,a mixing zone disposed immediately downstream of said inlets and connected to both of the inner and outer inlets,a feed for the fluid connected upstream to the inner inlet, anda supply for he precursor connected upstream to the outer inlet,the co-current mixer being configured such that the precipitation of nanoparticles is caused in the mixing zone by mixing of the precursor with the fluid in the mixing zone.2. A co-current mixer according to claim 1 , wherein the net cross-sectional area of the inner and outer inlets is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the outlet.3. A co-current mixer according to claim 2 , wherein the outer inlet and the outlet are defined by a tube of substantially constant diameter into which is introduced a second tube defining a single inner inlet and terminating at an open mouth facing the flow direction.4. A co-current mixer according to claim 3 , wherein the transverse cross-section of each of the outer and inner inlets is circular.5. A co-current mixer according to claim 4 , wherein the inner inlet comprises a tube end ...

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17-03-2016 дата публикации

METHOD FOR TREATING SLURRY AND TREATMENT APPARATUS USED FOR THE SAME

Номер: US20160074826A1
Принадлежит:

A slurry treatment material containing solid particles mixed in liquid is finely pulverized, without using dispersion media, by flowing the treatment material into a vessel and through an annular fine gap formed between an inner wall of the vessel and an outer periphery face of a rotatable body mounted within the vessel. Rotation of the rotatable body subjects the treatment material to compression, expansion and shearing treatments. After passing through the annular fine gap, the treatment material flows into an ultrasonic chamber where it is irradiated with ultrasonic waves that break up and disintegrate agglomerated clumps of solid particles that may be present in the treatment material. 1. A method for treating slurry treatment material , comprising the steps: flowing a treatment material containing solid particles mixed in liquid through an inlet of a vessel into an annular fine gap formed between a rotatable body and an inner wall of the vessel; rotating the rotatable body to conduct compression , expansion and shearing treatments of the treatment material in the annular fine gap; discharging the treatment material which has passed through the annular fine gap from an internal flow-out port of the vessel to an ultrasonic chamber which has a discharge port; disposing an ultrasonic horn in the ultrasonic chamber at a distance of from 2 to 5 mm from a wall face of the ultrasonic chamber at the discharge port side and at a distance of from 2 to 5 mm from the internal flow-out port; and irradiating the treatment material flowing in the ultrasonic chamber with ultrasonic waves by use of the ultrasonic horn.2. A method according to ; wherein the disposing step comprises disposing the ultrasonic horn eccentrically to the center of the ultrasonic chamber towards the discharge port side.3. A method according to ; wherein the disposing step comprises disposing the ultrasonic horn at the same distance from both the wall face of the ultrasonic chamber and the internal flow- ...

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31-03-2022 дата публикации

PREPARATION DEVICE AND PREPARATION METHOD OF AMMONIA GAS

Номер: US20220098048A1
Автор: WANG Qi, Yu Changjun
Принадлежит:

Disclosed are a preparation device and a preparation method of ammonia gas. The preparation device, prepares ammonia gas by reacting ammonium chloride with a particulate inorganic salt, includes one fluidized bed reactor with at least two fluidization chambers, in which one is a preheating chamber configured to preheat the particulate inorganic salt, and the other is a reaction chamber inside provided with at least one atomizing nozzle, the particulate inorganic salt forming a fluidized bed layer and reacting with an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride in the reaction chamber to generate the ammonia gas. The particulate inorganic salt can be sequentially flowed through a plurality of preheating chambers and reaction chambers under an impetus of a density difference of the particulate bed layers, finally achieving the required conversion rate. 1. A preparation device of ammonia gas , configured to prepare ammonia gas by reacting ammonium chloride with a particulate inorganic salt , comprising a fluidized bed reactor , the fluidized bed reactor comprising:at least one preheating chamber, configured to preheat the particulate inorganic salt;at least one reaction chamber, configured for the particulate inorganic salt to contact and react with an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride to generate the ammonia gas; andan atomizing nozzle, located in the reaction chamber, configured to atomize the ammonium chloride aqueous solution,wherein carrier gas is introduced into the preheating chamber and the reaction chamber to cause the particulate inorganic salt to form a fluidized particulate bed layer, and an empty bed gas velocity of the carrier gas in the preheating chamber is higher than an empty bed gas velocity of the carrier gas in the reaction chamber, so that a particulate bed layer density in the preheating chamber is smaller than a particulate bed layer density in the reaction chamber.2. The preparation device according to claim 1 , wherein the fluidized bed reactor ...

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12-03-2020 дата публикации

REACTION CONTAINER

Номер: US20200078756A1
Принадлежит: INNOIL AG

The invention relates to a reaction container for stabilizing the temperature of a liquid mixture substances, the reaction container comprising an upper container part and a lower container part, in which the lower container part has an inner direct means of refrigeration and an outer indirect means of refrigeration in addition to an inner, direct means of heating and an outer, indirect means of heating. 111-. (canceled)12. A reaction container comprising ,a container upper part and a container bottom part, wherein the container bottom part has an internal, direct cooling and an external, indirect cooling and an inner, direct heating and an outer, indirect heating to stabilize the temperature of a liquid substance mixture.13. The reaction container according to claim 12 , wherein the inner cooling and the inner heating and the outer cooling and the outer heating are coupled to a thermal management system.14. The reaction container according to claim 13 , wherein the thermal management system comprises a thermal oil heater.15. The reaction container according to claim 12 , wherein the container upper part is configured larger than the container bottom part.16. The reaction container according to claim 14 , further comprising one or more distillation columns arranged on the container upper part.17. The reaction container according to claim 16 , wherein a pressure relief valve is arranged on the container upper part.18. The reaction container according to claim 16 , wherein a heavy particle collector is arranged on the container lower part.19. The reaction container according to claim 12 , further comprising a submersible pump and/or an agitator arranged in the container interior.20. A method of using the reaction vessel according to comprising claim 12 , carrying out a catalytic pressureless depolymerization of carbonaceous input material.21. A method to temperature-stabilize a liquid substance mixture hi the reaction container of comprising claim 13 ,keeping the ...

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29-03-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THERMOPLASTIC MOULDING COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20180085732A1
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a process for the production of thermoplastic moulding compounds, in particular ABS, wherein at least a first reagent () and a second reagent () of the thermoplastic moulding compounds are fed to a gear pump () which comprises a housing and at least a first gear wheel that is rotatable relative to the housing about a first axis, and a second gear wheel that is rotatable relative to the housing about a second axis, wherein a loop conduit () is provided, and wherein the reagents () are pressed in a loop through the loop conduit () and passing the gear wheels, whereby the reagents () are dispersed to form a dispersion () in the gear pump (). The invention also relates to a thermoplastic moulding compound that is produced by the inventive process. 115-. (canceled)16. Process for the production of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) , wherein:{'b': '11', 'at least a first reagent () that contains or consists of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) and'}{'b': '12', 'a second reagent () that contains or consists of rubber, in particular in form of SAN grafted elastomer'}{'b': '10', 'of the thermoplastic moulding compounds are fed to a gear pump () which comprises a housing and'}{'b': '29', 'at least a first gear wheel that is rotatable relative to the housing about a first axis, and a second gear wheel that is rotatable relative to the housing about a second axis, wherein a loop conduit () is provided, wherein'}{'b': 29', '35', '29, 'the cross sectional area of the loop conduit () is changeable, in particular by means of a loop valve () arranged at the loop conduit (), and wherein'}{'b': 11', '12', '29, 'the reagents (, ) are pressed in a loop through the loop conduit () and'}{'b': 11', '12', '15', '10, 'passing the gear wheels, whereby the reagents (, ) are dispersed to form a dispersion () in the gear pump ().'}171110. Process according to claim 16 , wherein the first reagent () styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) is fed to the gear pump () ...

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02-04-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR REFINING RAW MATERIALS CONTAINING ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS

Номер: US20150093296A1
Принадлежит:

A plant for refining raw materials containing organic constituents includes a reactor configured to receive raw materials; a furnace configured to receive solids and fuel from the reactor; a return conduit configured to recirculate hot solids generated in the furnace to the reactor; and a sealing device configured to separate an oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace from an atmosphere of the reactor. The sealing device includes: a downpipe disposed between the furnace and the reactor, the downpipe being configured to withdraw a stream of solids from the furnace; a rising pipe disposed near a bottom of the downpipe and branching off there from to a top, the rising pipe being configured to transport a fluidized stream of solids to the reactor; and a conveying gas supply disposed below the rising pipe, the conveying gas supply being configured to fluidize a stream of solids withdrawn from the furnace. 1. A plant for refining raw materials containing organic constituents , the plant comprising:a reactor configured to receive raw materials;a furnace configured to receive solids and fuel from the reactor;a return conduit configured to recirculate hot solids generated in the furnace to the reactor; a downpipe disposed between the furnace and the reactor, the downpipe being configured to withdraw a stream of solids from the furnace,', 'a rising pipe disposed near a bottom of the downpipe and branching off therefrom to a top, the rising pipe being configured to transport a fluidized stream of solids to the reactor, and', 'a conveying gas supply disposed below the rising pipe, the conveying gas supply being configured to fluidize a stream of solids withdrawn from the furnace., 'a sealing device configured to separate an oxidizing atmosphere of the furnace from an atmosphere of the reactor, the sealing device including2. The plant as recited in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a fluidized-bed reactor.3. The plant as recited in claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a drier ...

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05-05-2022 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COMPOSITE

Номер: US20220134299A1
Принадлежит: CHINA ENFI ENGINEERING CORPORATION

A method and apparatus for preparing a composite, in which the angle between the apparatus base and the apparatus body is adjusted by the elevator device, the solid raw material is loaded into the reactor by the solid feeding device, the main reaction gas, the auxiliary gas and the carrier gas are introduced from the front gas intake unit into the main reaction zone at a preset ratio, followed by the active material deposited on solid particles, the post-processing reaction gas is introduced from the middle gas intake unit to the post-processing reaction zone to form a functional layer on the active material, the prepared composite powder is separated and collected from the gas-solid mixture in the collection device. The exhaust gas is released from the exhaust manifold into an exhaust gas treatment system after minority powder filtered by the filter.

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19-03-2020 дата публикации

Methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions

Номер: US20200086288A1
Автор: Scott Laine
Принадлежит: Nanotech Energy Inc

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide.

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19-03-2020 дата публикации

PROCESS OF MAKING POLYOLEFINS

Номер: US20200087420A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process for the continuous production of a polyolefin, preferably polypropylene, in a horizontal stirred bed polymerization reactor by contacting one or more olefins, preferably propylene, with a catalyst system while stirring, said catalyst system comprising: * a procatalyst comprising i) titanium; ii) a magnesium-containing support, preferably a magnesium chloride-containing support, and iii) an internal electron donor; * optionally an external electron donor; and * a co-catalyst, being a alkyl aluminum catalyst having formula AlXR, wherein each X is independently a halide or a hydride and wherein n is 0, 1 or 2, preferably 0, and wherein R is an C1-C12 alkyl group, preferably ethyl, wherein the molar ratio of aluminum (Al) from the co-catalyst to titanium (Ti) from the procatalyst (Al/Ti) is at least 75. The present invention also relates to polyolefin prepared using said process and a shaped article comprising said polyolefin. The present invention moreover relates to the use of a titanium to aluminum ratio during the Ziegler-Natta polymerization of olefins in a horizontal stirred bed reactor to reduce the energy (power) consumption in view of a situation wherein the titanium to aluminum ratio is lower. 1. A process for the continuous production of a polyolefin in a horizontal stirred bed polymerization reactor by contacting one or more olefins with a catalyst system while stirring , said catalyst system comprising:a procatalyst comprising i) titanium; ii) a magnesium-containing support, and iii) an internal electron donor;optionally an external electron donor; and{'sub': n', '3-n, 'a co-catalyst, being a alkyl aluminum catalyst having formula AlXR, wherein each X is independently a halide or a hydride and wherein n is 0, 1 or 2 and wherein R is an C1-C12 alkyl group,'}wherein the molar ratio of aluminum (Al) from the co-catalyst to titanium (Ti) from the procatalyst (Al/Ti) is at least 75.2. The process according to claim 1 , ...

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01-04-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR REDUCING HEAT EXCHANGER FOULING RATE

Номер: US20210094009A1
Принадлежит: CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP

Systems and methods of reducing heat exchanger fouling rate and of producing polyolefins are provide herein. In some aspects, the methods include providing a first gas stream comprising a gas and entrained fine polyolefin particles to a gas outlet line; preferentially removing a portion of the entrained fine polyolefin particles from the gas outlet line to form a bypass stream comprising a higher concentration of the entrained fine polyolefin particles than is present in the first gas stream; providing the bypass stream to a bypass line comprising a bypass line inlet and a bypass line outlet, wherein the bypass line inlet is located upstream of a first heat exchanger, and wherein the bypass line outlet is located downstream of the first heat exchanger; providing at least a portion of the first gas stream to the first heat exchanger, which produces a first cooled gas stream; and combining the bypass stream and a second gas stream at the bypass line outlet to form a combined gas stream comprising one or more olefins or paraffins, wherein a temperature of the combined gas stream is below the dew point of the combined gas stream. 1. A system for reducing heat exchanger fouling rate comprising:a gas outlet line configured to pass a first gas stream comprising a gas and entrained fine polyolefin particles;a first heat exchanger configured to receive at least a portion of the first gas stream and produce a first cooled gas stream; anda bypass line configured to remove a portion of the entrained fine polyolefin particles from the gas outlet line to form a bypass stream comprising a higher concentration of the entrained fine polyolefin particles than is present in the first gas stream, the bypass line comprising a bypass line inlet and a bypass line outlet,wherein the bypass line inlet is located upstream of the first heat exchanger,wherein the bypass line outlet is located downstream of the first heat exchanger, andwherein the bypass line is configured so that the bypass ...

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12-05-2022 дата публикации

Apparatus for preparing oligomer

Номер: US20220143568A1
Принадлежит: LG Chem Ltd

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for preparing an oligomer, the apparatus including: a reactor for oligomerizing a feed stream containing a fed monomer; a stirrer inserted into a hole formed in an upper portion of the reactor; and a solvent transfer line extending inward from a side of the reactor, wherein the stirrer includes a rotating shaft vertically extending downward from the upper portion of the reactor, and a blade having a conical shape whose vertex is positioned at a lower end of the rotating shaft and outer diameter increases from a bottom toward a top, and the solvent transfer line has a plurality of spray nozzles formed in a direction toward the blade.

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28-03-2019 дата публикации

Para-Orthohydrogen Conversion Using a Vortex Tube

Номер: US20190092635A1
Принадлежит:

A para-orthohydrogen conversion device comprises a vortex tube. The vortex tube may include an inlet disposed at a first end of the vortex tube, a catalyst disposed on the interior wall of the vortex tube, a first outlet comprising an opening on the perimeter of a second end of the vortex tube, a stopper disposed at the center of the second end of the vortex tube, and a second outlet disposed on the first end of the vortex tube. A method includes converting parahydrogen to orthohydrogen via the catalyst and rotational force as hydrogen gas moves through the vortex tube such that cooled parahydrogen-rich gas or liquid hydrogen accumulates near the center of the vortex tube. 1. A method comprising:transferring hydrogen gas into a proximal end of a vortex tube, at least a portion of an interior wall of the vortex tube comprising a catalyst, wherein the hydrogen gas comprises orthohydrogen and parahydrogen;flowing the hydrogen gas toward a distal end of the vortex tube, the hydrogen gas rotating within the vortex tube as the hydrogen gas flows toward the distal end;reacting the hydrogen gas with the catalyst such that at least a portion of the parahydrogen is converted to orthohydrogen;expelling orthohydrogen-rich hydrogen gas from the distal end of the vortex tube; andflowing parahydrogen-rich hydrogen gas out the proximal end of the vortex tube.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen gas transferred into the proximal end of the vortex tube comprises approximately 50% orthohydrogen and approximately 50% parahydrogen.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the orthohydrogen-rich hydrogen gas comprises more orthohydrogen than parahydrogen.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the orthohydrogen-rich hydrogen gas comprises approximately 75% orthohydrogen and approximately 25% parahydrogen.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the parahydrogen-rich hydrogen gas comprises more parahydrogen than orthohydrogen.61. The method of clam claim 1 , wherein the parahydrogen-rich ...

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26-06-2014 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Real-Time Catalyst Particle Size Control in a Polymerization Reactor

Номер: US20140179881A1
Принадлежит: Chevron Phillips Chemical Co LP

Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time control of the average particle size of catalyst system components are disclosed. Methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems also are described.

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04-04-2019 дата публикации

Reactor system and process for upgrading heavy hydrocarbonaceous material

Номер: US20190100705A1
Принадлежит: Indian Oil Corp Ltd

The present invention relates to a hydrocracking reactor system and a process utilizing the same for upgrading heavy hydrocarbonaceous material to value-added products. Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention includes dispersing a liquid feedstock pre-mixed with a catalyst from top of a reactor vessel to obtain dispersed droplets having a predetermined droplet size less than 500 μm, introducing a gaseous feed comprising primarily of hydrogen from bottom of the reactor vessel to form a continuous gaseous phase throughout a cross-section of the reactor vessel, and allowing the dispersed droplets to contact the continuous gaseous phase throughout the cross-section of the reactor vessel to form reaction effluent comprising one or more lighter product hydrocarbons. The method may further include removing at least a top portion and at least a bottom portion of the reaction effluent from the reactor vessel.

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23-04-2015 дата публикации

Cool hydrogen-propelled cyclone quench box

Номер: US20150110686A1

A cool hydrogen-propelled cyclone quench box comprises: a mixing chamber ( 7 ) arranged at the center of a lower support plate ( 11 ); swirl tubes ( 6 ) arranged above the lower support plate ( 11 ) and outside the mixing chamber ( 7 ), the tubes being in tangential communication with the body of the mixing chamber ( 7 ) along a horizontal direction; a gas-liquid downcomer ( 5 ) perpendicularly arranged outside each swirl tube ( 6 ), the bottom portions of the downcomers and the outer walls of the swirl tubes ( 6 ) being in tangential communication along a perpendicular direction, and the top portions of the gas-liquid downcomers ( 5 ) being connected to fluid inlets ( 4 ) arranged on an upper support plate ( 3 ). The bottom end of a cool hydrogen branch pipe ( 8 ) is arranged outside each swirl tube ( 6 ), and is tangentially connected to the swirl tube ( 6 ) along a horizontal direction. By means of a flange ( 2 ) arranged on the upper support plate ( 3 ), the top ends of the cool hydrogen branch pipes ( 8 ) connect to a cool hydrogen pipe ( 1 ) arranged outside the upper support plate ( 3 ). Upper-level cyclone blades ( 12 ) are installed within the mixing chamber ( 7 ). The bottom ends of the blades ( 12 ) are perpendicularly arranged on the upper-level blade support plate ( 13 ). Lower-level cyclone blades ( 9 ) are installed at the mixing chamber ( 7 ) outlet; the bottom ends of the blades ( 9 ) are perpendicularly arranged on the lower-level blade support plate ( 10 ).

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03-07-2014 дата публикации

Processes for producing light olefins

Номер: US20140186231A1

A process for producing light olefins is provided. A feedstock enters a pre-reaction zone and contacts a catalyst comprising at least one silicon-aluminophosphate molecular sieve and produces a gas-phase stream; the gas-phase stream and the catalyst enter at least one riser, and the gas-phase stream and the catalyst pass from an outlet of the at least one riser and enter a gas-solid rapid separation zone; the separated gas-phase stream enters a separation section; a first portion of the separated catalyst returns to the pre-reaction zone, and a second portion is regenerated in a regenerator; wherein an inlet of the at least one riser extends into the pre-reaction zone, about 60% to about 90% of the height of the at least one riser passes through a heat exchange zone, and the outlet extends into the gas-solid rapid separation zone.

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19-04-2018 дата публикации

PROCESS AND REACTOR FOR ARSENIC FIXATION

Номер: US20180105895A1
Принадлежит: Hatch Ltd.

A process and reactor for arsenic fixation in which a first gas stream comprises oxygen and an iron-containing particulate material. The oxygen and particulate material may be fed to reactor through respective first and second inlets. A second gas stream containing one or more volatile arsenic compounds is fed through a third inlet and mixed with the first gas stream and the particulate material to produce a combined gas stream containing the volatile arsenic compounds and the particulate material. The arsenic compounds are reacted with iron in the particulate material as the combined gas stream flows through the reactor to produce solid iron arsenates which are then recovered. The portion of the reactor including the first, second and third inlets is vertically oriented, and the reactor may include a venturi arrangement having a throat at which the second inlet is located. 125.-. (canceled)26. A process for arsenic fixation , comprising:(a) providing a reactor having an internal space;(b) providing a first gas stream in said internal space, wherein the first gas stream comprises oxygen and an iron-containing particulate material;(c) providing a second gas stream in said internal space, wherein the second gas stream comprises one or more arsenic species;(d) mixing the first gas stream and the second gas stream in said internal space to produce a combined gas stream;(e) reacting the one or more volatile arsenic compounds, the iron-containing particulate material and the oxygen in the combined gas stream to produce solid iron arsenates in the combined gas stream; and(f) separating the solid iron arsenates from the combined gas stream.27. The process according to claim 26 , wherein the internal space of the reactor has a first end and a second end claim 26 , with a gas flow direction being defined from the first end to the second end.28. The process according to claim 27 , wherein at least a portion of the internal space is oriented vertically claim 27 , wherein the ...

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11-04-2019 дата публикации

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING WATER-ABSORBING RESIN PARTICLES

Номер: US20190105628A1
Принадлежит: Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.

An apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles for which surface cross-linking treatment is conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor, the apparatus includes a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted, a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container, a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container; and a spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the surface cross-linking agent supplied from a surface cross-linking agent supply source in an exterior of the treatment container through a supply pipe. In a flow path in the spray nozzle spanning from an entrance of the spray nozzle to a spray exit, a point whose opening cross-section is smallest in a flow path through which a fluid passes is the spray exit. 1. An apparatus for producing water-absorbing resin particles for which surface cross-linking treatment is conducted , the surface cross-linking treatment being conducted by spraying a surface cross-linking agent to a water-absorbing resin particle precursor and heating the agent and the precursor , the apparatus comprising:a treatment container in which the surface cross-linking treatment is conducted;a stirring device including a stirring member disposed in the treatment container;a heating device that heats an inside of the treatment container; anda spray nozzle disposed in the treatment container, the spray nozzle spraying into the treatment container the surface cross-linking agent supplied from a surface cross-linking agent supply source in an exterior of the treatment container through a supply pipe, whereinin a flow path in the spray nozzle spanning from an entrance of the spray nozzle to a spray exit, a point whose opening cross-section is smallest in a flow path through which a fluid passes is the spray ...

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27-04-2017 дата публикации

Method for calcination of a carbon dioxide rich sorbent

Номер: US20170113944A1
Принадлежит: General Electric Technology GmbH

A method for calcination includes providing a heated coarse solid particle stream with a carbon dioxide rich sorbent to a reactor having a rotatable container.

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07-05-2015 дата публикации

PRESSURE OXIDATION OF ENARGITE CONCENTRATES CONTAINING GOLD AND SILVER

Номер: US20150123030A1
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein is a treated ore solid comprising a reduced amount of a contaminant, for example arsenic, compared to the ore solid prior to treatment. Also disclosed are temperature and pressure modifications, parameters, and methods for treating an ore solid by pressure oxidation leaching of enargite concentrates. The disclosed methods and processes may be applied to copper sulfide orebodies and concentrates containing arsenic. In some cases, the disclosed methods and systems extract, remove, or reduce contaminants, for example arsenic, from an ore containing solution at moderately increased temperature, pressure, and oxygen concentration, and in the presence of an acid. 1. A treated ore solid comprising:a percentage of at least one metal; anda percentage of an element;a percentage of enargite; anda percentage of covellite;wherein the percentage of enargite in the treated ore solid is less than the percentage of enargite in the treated ore solid is reduced compared to the ore solid prior to treatment; andwherein the percent is measure by chemical (for example acid titration), visual (for example mineral liberation analyzer), and/or spectral analysis (for example x-ray diffraction).2. The treated ore solid of claim 1 , wherein the percentage of covellite in the treated ore solid is increased compared to the ore solid prior to treatment.3. The treated ore solid of claim 1 , wherein the element is arsenic.4. The treated ore solid of claim 3 , wherein the percentage of arsenic in the treated ore solid is reduced compared to the ore solid prior to treatment.5. The treated ore solid of claim 4 , wherein the percentage of arsenic in the treated ore solid is reduced between about 30% and 80% compared to the ore solid prior to treatment.6. The treated ore solid of claim 5 , wherein the percentage of arsenic in the treated ore solid is reduced about 47%.7. The treated ore solid of claim 1 , wherein the percentage of enargite in the treated ore solid is reduced between ...

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05-05-2016 дата публикации

SMALL-SCALE REACTOR HAVING IMPROVED MIXING

Номер: US20160121290A1
Автор: Sidhu Robbie Singh
Принадлежит:

a reactor for conducting laboratory reactions comprises includes reaction vessel, a catalyst holder in the reaction vessel, and a drive system configured to drive reciprocating linear movement of the catalyst basket. The catalyst holder can be configured to hold a plurality of catalyst particles so the catalyst particles remain spaced apart from one another. A reactor for conducting laboratory reactions can also include a reaction vessel, an impeller in the reaction vessel, and a drive system configured to drive reciprocating linear movement of the impeller. 1. A reactor for conducting laboratory reactions , the reactor comprising:a reaction vessel,a catalyst basket in the reaction vessel, anda drive system configured to drive reciprocating linear movement of the catalyst basket.2. A reactor as set forth in wherein the drive system is further configured to drive rotary motion of the catalyst basket and said linear reciprocating movement at the same time.3. A method of conducting a chemical reaction claim 1 , the method comprising:using a catalyst basket to stir reaction materials in a reaction vessel by driving a reciprocating linear motion of the catalyst basket.4. A method as set forth in further comprising driving rotation of the catalyst basket while simultaneously driving said reciprocating linear motion.5. (canceled)6. A reactor for conducting laboratory reactions claim 3 , the reactor comprising:a reaction vessel,a catalyst holder in the reactor, the catalyst holder being configured to hold a plurality of catalyst particles so the catalyst particles remain spaced apart from one another.7. (canceled) This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/074,358, filed on Nov. 3, 2014, which is hereby for all purposes incorporated by reference.The present invention relates generally to small-scale (e.g., laboratory and/or bench top) reactor systems used to research chemical reactions, and more particularly to methods and apparatus ...

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03-05-2018 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR CONTACTING CATALYST WITH A GAS AND REDUCTION

Номер: US20180117580A1
Принадлежит:

A process and apparatus is disclosed for distributing a gas stream into a downwardly flowing catalyst stream in a vessel by feeding the gas stream into a center of the vessel or the catalyst stream into a hollow cap. The gas stream enters the cap and exits the cap flowing upwardly to contact the catalyst stream. 1. A process of distributing gas into a catalyst stream comprising:feeding a catalyst stream downwardly in a vessel;feeding a gas stream into a center of said catalyst stream into a hollow cap;said gas stream entering said cap and exiting said cap and flowing upwardly to contact said catalyst stream that is flowing downwardly.2. The process of further comprising discharging said gas stream from a side outlet in said vessel after contacting said catalyst stream.3. The process of wherein said gas stream exits said cap through an open lower end.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said catalyst stream has a minimum of 0.1 wt % chemisorbed water before contacting said gas stream and said catalyst stream is partially dried to have at least 25 wt % less chemisorbed water after contacting said gas stream than before contacting said gas stream.5. The process of wherein said cap has an inclined side and particles of said catalyst stream slides down said inclined side.6. The process of wherein said catalyst stream is consolidated into a cylindrical stream and said cap penetrates said cylindrical stream.7. The process of wherein said gas stream is fed into said hollow cap through a pipe with an outlet end facing upwardly into said hollow cap.8. The process of further comprising after contacting the catalyst stream with said gas stream comprising a first gas stream to provide a contacted catalyst stream claim 7 , contacting said contacted catalyst stream with a second gas stream to provide a twice contacted catalyst stream and discharging said second gas stream from said vessel.9. The process of wherein said second contacting step reduces the valence state of a metal on ...

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25-04-2019 дата публикации

A REACTOR COMPRISING A NOZZLE FOR CLEANING FLUID, A KIT AND A METHOD

Номер: US20190118151A1
Принадлежит: Spinchem AB

The invention refers to a reactor and a method respectively for performing, by means of solid reaction members, a biological or chemical transformation, or physical or chemical trapping from, or release of agents to, a fluidic media, and a subsequent cleaning of the reactor, said reactor comprising a vessel () in which a transformation device () has been mounted. The invention also refers to a reactor kit comprising such reactor. The reactor comprises at least one nozzle () arranged on the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel (). The at least one nozzle () is arranged to direct a flow of a cleaning fluid (CF) in a direction towards a longitudinal centre axis (L) of a flow distributor () arranged in the vessel (). 2. A reactor according to claim 1 , in which the reactor comprises a plurality of nozzles claim 1 , the plurality of nozzles being distributed along the circumference and/or along the longitudinal extension of the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel claim 1 , and wherein the plurality of nozzles are arranged to direct a flow of a cleaning fluid in a direction towards the longitudinal centre axis of the flow distributor.311. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the nozzle(s) is/are supported by one or several supports arranged to extend in the longitudinal direction along the longitudinal inner wall of the vessel ().4. A reactor according to claim 3 , wherein the one or several supports form part of an insert.5. A reactor according to claim 3 , wherein each support comprises two or more nozzles distributed along the longitudinal extension of the support claim 3 , and wherein two adjacent nozzles are arranged to provide a longitudinally and continuously uniform spray pattern.6. A reactor according to claim 1 , wherein an inner wall of the vessel comprises means for enhancing the fluidic shear stress in any of the two rotary directions along said inner wall.7. A reactor according to claim 6 , wherein said means for enhancing the fluidic shear stress is ...

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25-04-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PROCESSING FINE PARTICLES WITH A SPOUTED BED REACTOR

Номер: US20190118152A1
Принадлежит:

One or more embodiments relate to a contactor/separator vessel for reacting with fine particles. The contractor/separator vessel includes a spouted bed containing fine Geldart class C particles; and an additional spoutable media to facilitate spouting of the fine Geldart class C particles in order to improve mixing, gas-solid contact/separation. 1. A contactor/separator vessel for reacting with fine particles , comprising:a spouted bed containing fine Geldart class C particles; andan additional spoutable media to facilitate spouting of the fine Geldart class C particles in order to improve mixing, gas-solid contact/separation.2. The vessel of comprising a chemical reactor wherein a temperature varies between about 150° C. and 1000° C.3. The vessel of wherein the chemical reactor uses a gas distributor and a spout to assist with at least one of fluidization claim 2 , flow rate and material transport.4. The vessel of wherein a gas distributed through the gas distributor is pulsed.5. The vessel of further comprising multiple spouting beds are adjoined.6. The vessel of wherein the multiple spouting beds are adjoined in a stacked pattern.7. The vessel of wherein the multiple spouting beds are adjoined in a modular pattern.8. The vessel of wherein the multiple spouting beds are thermally controlled using heating chambers.9. The vessel of wherein the multiple spouting beds are thermally controlled using cooling chambers.10. The vessel of wherein the spouted bed includes an angle of a spout bottom wherein an angle of the spotted bottom ranges from a horizontal to vertical orientation.11. The vessel of having an internal design and operation promoting mixing and gas-solid contact.12. The vessel of having one or more pairs of parallel plates or tubes aligned axially in the vessel to stabilize a gas jet to improve spouting stability claim 1 , facilitate increased solids inventory as well as promoting operation as lower gas velocities.13. A chemical reactor for reacting with ...

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16-04-2020 дата публикации

DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS HAVING IMPROVED RUN TIME

Номер: US20200115641A1
Принадлежит:

New/fresh catalyst is added to a dehydrogenation unit and aged catalyst is removed from the dehydrogenation unit on a continuous or semi-continuous basis while the dehydrogenation unit is in operation. The conversion achieved by the higher activity catalyst results in the production rate of olefin product being maintained at near start-of-run production for longer, with a slower rate of decline. The higher activity catalyst extends run time, reduces feed consumption for each unit of olefin product, and minimizes fresh catalyst expenses. 1. A process for dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon feed comprising:providing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising at least one paraffin to a dehydrogenation unit comprising a moving bed reactor;contacting the feed stream with a catalyst in the reactor under dehydrogenation conditions, the catalyst having a particle size in a normal operating range;removing an effluent stream comprising at least one olefin from the reactor; andperiodically removing a portion of the catalyst and replacing the portion of the catalyst removed with fresh catalyst while continuing to operate the reactor, wherein the portion of the catalyst removed has a particle size in the normal operating range.2. The process of wherein the portion of the catalyst removed is between 5 wt % and 50 wt % of a total amount of the catalyst in the dehydrogenation unit.3. The process of wherein the portion of the catalyst is removed on a predetermined time schedule.4. The process of wherein the portion of the catalyst removed and replaced is between 10 wt % and 20 wt % of a total amount of the catalyst in the dehydrogenation unit.5. The process of wherein the catalyst is removed and replaced every 60 to 120 days of operating time.6. The process of wherein removing the portion of the catalyst and replacing the portion of the catalyst removed with fresh catalyst is stopped at a predetermined time before a planned shutdown of the reactor.7. The process of wherein the predetermined ...

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14-05-2015 дата публикации

Method Of Making Oxygenates From A Non-Catalytic Chemical Reaction

Номер: US20150133703A1
Автор: Nathan Pawlak
Принадлежит: Stranded Solutions LLC

A system and a method for forming oxygenates from a non-catalytic reaction. A hydrocarbon gas and an oxygen-containing gas are fed into a mixer and then heated to form a reactant gas stream. The reactant gas stream is fed into a fluidized bed reactor where the reaction of the gases occurs by oxidization to produce oxygenates. The oxygenate products are then removed from the reactor.

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10-05-2018 дата публикации

REACTOR COMPONENT PLACEMENT INSIDE LINER WALL

Номер: US20180126352A1
Автор: Miller Matthew J.
Принадлежит: REC SILICON INC

Reaction chamber liners for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material are disclosed. The liners include an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component, such as a probe, a sensor, a nozzle, a feed line, a sampling line, a heating/cooling component, or the like. In some embodiments, the liner is a segmented liner comprised of vertically stacked or laterally joined segments, wherein at least one segment includes an aperture and a cavity configured to receive a reactor component. 1. A reaction chamber liner for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material , the liner comprising:{'sub': W', 'W, 'a tubular wall having an upper surface, a lower surface, an outwardly facing surface, an inwardly facing surface configured to define a portion of a reaction chamber, a height Hbetween the upper surface and the lower surface, and a thickness Tbetween the outwardly facing surface and the inwardly facing surface,'}{'sub': 'C', 'the tubular wall defining an upper aperture in the upper surface and a cavity that extends from the upper aperture toward the lower surface and that has a depth D.'}2. The reaction chamber liner of claim 1 , wherein the depth Dof the cavity is less than the height Hof the tubular wall.3. The reaction chamber liner of claim 1 , wherein the depth Dof the cavity is equal to the height Hof the tubular wall claim 1 , and the tubular wall defines a lower aperture such that the cavity extends through the tubular wall from the upper aperture to the lower aperture.4. The reaction chamber liner of claim 1 , wherein the cavity has an inner dimension ID between the outwardly facing surface and the inwardly facing surface of the tubular wall that is smaller than the thickness Tof the tubular wall claim 1 , and the cavity is positioned between the outwardly facing surface and the inwardly facing surface of the tubular wall.5. The reaction chamber liner of claim 1 , ...

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26-05-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR MAKING TRISILYLAMINE

Номер: US20160145102A1
Принадлежит: AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.

The method described herein provides a method for preparing trisilylamine. In one aspect, the method comprises: providing a reaction mixture of trisilylamine and monochlorosilane into a reactor wherein the reaction mixture is at a temperature and pressure sufficient to provide trisilylamine in a liquid phase wherein the reaction mixture is substantially free of an added solvent; contacting the reaction mixture with ammonia to provide a crude mixture comprising trisilylamine and an ammonium chloride solid wherein monochlorosilane is in stoichiometric excess in relation to ammonia; purifiying the crude mixture to provide trisilylamine wherein the trisilyamine is produced at purity level of 90% or greater; and optionally removing the ammonium chloride solid from the reactor.

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26-05-2016 дата публикации

UTILIZATION OF GASSES FOR POLYMERIC MATERIALS FRAGMENTATION AND ACTIVATION AND RELATED DEVICE

Номер: US20160145408A1
Автор: Vainer Michael
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates generally to utilising gasses for fragmenting polymeric materials and simultaneously modifying the surface area molecular structure of the said polymeric materials. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and associated device for the processing of already preliminarily deformed polymeric materials, preferably without metal reinforcing elements, by utilising aggressive gasses to both modify the polymeric materials surface area into an activated state and also simultaneously fragment the fed preliminarily deformed polymeric materials into a powder-like form with a relatively increased surface area. 2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the aggressive gasses are fed with or without a catalyst for the gas-solid reactions.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein feeding aggressive gasses includes controlling the volume of aggressive gas in the reaction chamber by respective application of a partial or full vacuum or admission of air.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the simultaneous polymeric material fragmentation and activation occurs at standard atmospheric pressure and room temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ozone gas component utilization is a maximum of 4 grams of ozone per 1 kilogram of said preliminarily deformed polymeric material by weight.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ozone gas component flow rate is a minimal of 1 liter per minute of ozone for every 10 liters of vessel volume.7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the size of the preliminarily deformed polymeric materials being placed into the vessel are of size 5 millimeters or smaller.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the preliminarily deformed polymeric materials do not contain metal reinforcing elements.9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the preliminarily deformed polymeric materials are processed in separate batches according to the hardness of the said ...

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04-06-2015 дата публикации

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING HYBRID CRUDE OILS AND FUELS

Номер: US20150152342A1
Принадлежит:

A simplified process is provided for creating hybrid crude oils and hybrid crude fractions with characteristics superior to the original. The process uniquely combines gases with crude oil or crude fractions in an effervescent turbulent manner at low temperatures and pressures and without the further aid of catalysts. The process breaks large chain hydrocarbons into smaller chain hydrocarbons, molecularly combines carbon, hydrogen, and/or hydrocarbon molecules from the gases with and into hydrocarbon molecules of the crude or crude fraction, and separates contaminants and impurities. 1. An apparatus for breaking large chain hydrocarbon molecules found in crude oil and crude fractions into smaller chain hydrocarbon molecules , and for separating contaminants and impurities therefrom , comprising:a self-contained network of raw material inflow and product outflow for combining one or more gases with a crude oil or crude fraction feedstock in a turbulent manner at low temperatures and pressures to create numerous localized high energy collisions of gas molecules with liquid hydrocarbon molecules and ongoing collisions of these molecules within a sustained turbulent environment;a processing vessel having therein a plurality of nozzles having selected nozzle placements and nozzle alignments that create said collisions by turbulently combining said gases with said crude oil or crude fraction feedstock to force direct high energy collisions of said gas molecules with said liquid hydrocarbon molecules, and to sustain an ongoing turbulent interaction of said gas and said liquid hydrocarbon molecules as said gas molecules rise through said liquid hydrocarbon molecules;wherein a gaseous off-flow is generated from a top of a liquid that rises to a top of said vessel, said gaseous off-flow escaping via one or more outlets located at said vessel top;a vacuum for drawing said gaseous off-flow through said outlets and into and through one or more heat exchangers in which said gases ...

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02-06-2016 дата публикации

Continuous Preparation of Calcined Chemically-Treated Solid Oxides

Номер: US20160151755A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention discloses a continuous calcination vessel which can be used to prepare calcined chemically-treated solid oxides from solid oxides and chemically-treated solid oxides. A process for the continuous preparation of calcined chemically-treated solid oxides is also provided. Calcined chemically-treated solid oxides disclosed herein can be used in catalyst compositions for the polymerization of olefins. 1. A continuous calcination vessel comprising:(a) a fluidized bed vessel having a slope from horizontal in a range from about 5 degrees to less than about 15 degrees;(b) a particulate material inlet capable of introducing inlet particulate material into the fluidized bed vessel;(c) a fluidizing gas inlet capable of introducing a fluidizing gas into the fluidized bed vessel;(d) a fluidizing gas path capable of directing the fluidizing gas from the fluidizing gas inlet into the fluidized bed vessel to fluidize the inlet particulate material;(e) a heating zone within the fluidized bed vessel; and(f) an outlet capable of removing outlet particulate material from the fluidized bed vessel.2. The continuous calcination vessel of claim 1 , wherein the inlet particulate material comprises a solid oxide claim 1 , a chemically-treated solid oxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The continuous calcination vessel of claim 1 , wherein the outlet particulate material comprises a calcined chemically-treated solid oxide.4. The continuous calcination vessel of claim 1 , wherein the heating zone comprises at least one baffle claim 1 , and wherein the fluidized bed vessel contains sufficient baffles to cause a substantially plug flow profile through the fluidized bed vessel.5. The continuous calcination vessel of claim 1 , further comprising a filter apparatus adapted to remove a portion of the inlet particulate material and/or the outlet particulate material entrained in the fluidizing gas.6. The continuous calcination vessel of claim 1 , further comprising a ...

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16-05-2019 дата публикации

BARREL REACTOR WITH ELECTRODES

Номер: US20190143293A1
Принадлежит:

A barrel reactor () comprises a rotatable barrel (); a first roller () located outside of the barrel () and arranged to facilitate rotation of the barrel, wherein the roller () comprises at least part of a first electrode; and a second electrode (). A plasma is formed between the electrodes (). The second electrode () may also comprise a roller and the barrel () may be mounted on the rollers (). The spacing between, or positions of, the electrodes () may be adjusted so as to accommodate different barrels () and/or to change the plasma distribution within the barrel (). 130.-. (canceled)31. A barrel reactor comprising:a rotatable barrel;a first roller located outside of the barrel and arranged to facilitate rotation of the barrel, wherein the roller comprises at least part of a first electrode; anda second electrode.32. The barrel reactor according to comprising a second roller arranged to facilitate rotation of the barrel claim 31 , and wherein optionally the second roller comprises at least part of the second electrode.33. The barrel reactor according to wherein the rotatable barrel is mounted on the first and second rollers.34. The barrel reactor according to wherein a spacing between the first and second rollers is adjustable so as to accommodate rotatable barrels of different sizes claim 33 , and/or wherein a vertical offset between the first and second rollers is adjustable.35. The barrel reactor according to wherein the second roller is within the barrel claim 32 , and wherein optionally the second roller is an axle of the barrel claim 32 , and/or wherein the second roller is located outside of the barrel.36. The barrel reactor according to wherein the first roller claim 31 , the second roller claim 31 , or both are rotated by the barrel claim 31 , or arranged to cause rotation of the barrel; orwherein at least one of the electrodes consists of one or more rollers.37. The barrel reactor according to wherein the second electrode is arranged not to rotate claim ...

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21-08-2014 дата публикации

Powder stirring device

Номер: US20140234177A1
Принадлежит: Toyo Tanso Co Ltd

A powder stirring device includes a reaction container and a rotation driving device. The reaction container has a cylindrical outer peripheral wall and a pair of end surface walls. The end surface walls are respectively provided at one end and the other end of the outer peripheral wall. The reaction container is arranged in a heat-insulating cover such that an axis of the outer peripheral wall is in parallel with a horizontal direction. The outer peripheral wall has an inner peripheral surface rotationally symmetric with respect to the axis. During the powder process, the powder is stored in the reaction container, and the reaction container is rotated around a rotation axis that passes through the central axis of the outer peripheral wall by the rotation driving device. In this state, a processing gas is supplied into the reaction container. Also, the processing gas in the reaction container is discharged.

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01-06-2017 дата публикации

Heat Transfer Baffle System and Uses Thereof

Номер: US20170152470A1
Автор: Knight Cameron
Принадлежит: ABEC, Inc.

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided. 122-. (canceled)23. A heat transfer baffle comprising at least one distribution channel , at least one relief channel , and at least one closure bar having a width that may be adjusted to set the width of the relief channel.24. The heat transfer baffle of comprising at least two distribution channels.25. The heat transfer baffle of wherein the distribution channel is formed between a first material and a second material to form a sub-assembly claim 23 , and the relief channel is formed between two sub-assemblies.26. The heat transfer baffle of wherein heat transfer media may be circulated through at least one distribution channel without also circulating through at least one relief channel.28. The heat transfer baffle of comprising two or more distinct compartments through which heat transfer media may be circulated independently of any other compartment.29. A heat transfer system comprising one or more heat transfer baffles of adjoined to a reactor vessel.30. The heat transfer system of wherein the one or more heat transfer baffles are adjoined to the reactor vessel through a substantially seamless joint boundary between the baffle and the vessel.31. A heat transfer system comprising one or more heat transfer baffles of claim 23 , the distribution channels being adjoined to a heat transfer media inlet header.32. A heat transfer system comprising one or more heat transfer baffles of wherein the at least one distribution channel is adjoined to a heat transfer media outlet header.33. A heat transfer system comprising one or more heat transfer baffles of claim 23 , the at least one distribution channel being adjoined to a heat transfer media inlet header and a heat transfer media outlet header.34. A heat transfer system comprising one ...

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01-06-2017 дата публикации

Continuous reaction apparatus and apparatus for producing a toner

Номер: US20170153561A1
Автор: Yuqing Xu
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Chemical Corp

Provided is a continuous reaction apparatus which can precisely control the path of flow of the liquid reaction mixture in the reaction vessel. Further, provided is a continuous reaction apparatus which can efficiently mix the liquid reaction mixture in the reaction vessel. The continuous reaction apparatus comprises a plurality of mixing vessel units and a plurality of partition units. These units are connected in the state of being alternately stacked on one another. Each mixing vessel unit has an agitating blade disposed in the inner space thereof. The relationship between the inner diameter D 1 of the mixing vessel unit, the height H of the mixing vessel unit, and the outer diameter d 1 of the agitating blade satisfies the formula (1): 10≧(D 1/ H)≧1.5, and the formula (2): 0.99≧(d 1/ D 1 )≧0.7. The agitating blade is a circular disc-type agitating blade.

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08-06-2017 дата публикации

Method for Multi-Axis, Non-Contact Mixing of Magnetic Particle Suspensions

Номер: US20170157580A1

Continuous, three-dimensional control of the vorticity vector is possible by progressively transitioning the field symmetry by applying or removing a dc bias along one of the principal axes of mutually orthogonal alternating fields. By exploiting this transition, the vorticity vector can be oriented in a wide range of directions that comprise all three spatial dimensions. Detuning one or more field components to create phase modulation causes the vorticity vector to trace out complex orbits of a wide variety, creating very robust multiaxial stirring. This multiaxial, non-contact stirring is particularly attractive for applications where the fluid volume has complex boundaries, or is congested.

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16-06-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR INDIRECT CATALYST HEATING IN A REGENERATOR

Номер: US20160167005A1
Принадлежит:

A process and apparatus for heating catalyst is presented. Cooler catalyst is removed from a reactor and heated with a hot gas in a riser, heated in a heating tube or heated in a heating chamber. Heated catalyst is disengaged from the hot gas if necessary and returned to the reactor. The process and apparatus can be used for producing light olefins. The hot gas may be a flue gas from an FCC regenerator or a combustion gas from a heater. 1. A reactor apparatus comprising:a reactor vessel comprising a feed inlet, a catalyst inlet to the reactor vessel and a catalyst outlet in the reactor vessel;a catalyst outlet conduit in direct communication with the catalyst outlet;a heating tube in downstream communication with said catalyst outlet conduit, said heating tube positioned in a catalyst regenerator; and the catalyst inlet in downstream communication with said heating tube.2. The reactor apparatus of wherein said catalyst inlet to the reactor vessel is above the catalyst outlet.3. The reactor apparatus of further comprising a riser in communication with said heating tube.4. The reactor apparatus of wherein said riser is in direct claim 3 , downstream communication with said catalyst outlet conduit and said heating tube is downstream communication with said riser.5. The reactor apparatus of wherein said heating tube is in direct downstream communication with said catalyst outlet conduit and said riser is in downstream communication with said heating tube.6. The reactor apparatus of further comprising a disengager at a top end of said riser for disengaging hot gas from said catalyst stream.7. The reactor apparatus of wherein said regenerator has two chambers and said heating tube is in said upper chamber or said lower chamber.8. The reactor apparatus of wherein said heating tube is positioned within the wall of the regenerator.9. The reactor apparatus of wherein said heating tube comprises a coil that winds around the interior of the regenerator.10. A reactor apparatus ...

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16-06-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR HEATING CATALYST IN A REGENERATOR

Номер: US20160167006A1
Принадлежит:

A process and apparatus for heating catalyst is presented. Cooler catalyst is removed from a reactor and heated with a hot gas in a riser, heated in a heating tube or heated in a heating chamber. Heated catalyst is disengaged from the hot gas if necessary and returned to the reactor. The process and apparatus can be used for producing light olefins. The hot gas may be a flue gas from an FCC regenerator or a combustion gas from a heater. 1. A reactor apparatus comprising:a regenerator for regenerating a first catalyst stream to produce a regenerated first catalyst stream and a first flue gas stream;a reactor vessel comprising a feed inlet, a catalyst outlet in the reactor vessel and a catalyst inlet to the reactor vessel above the catalyst outlet;a hopper in said regenerator in downstream communication with said catalyst outlet, said hopper having a bottom closed to an interior of said regenerator and a top open to said interior of said regenerator;said catalyst inlet to the reactor vessel being in communication with said hopper;an air heater located outside of said regenerator, and said hopper being in downstream communication with said air heater; anda riser in downstream communication with said catalyst outlet and said air heater at a first end, and said hopper being in downstream communication with a second end of said riser.2. The reactor apparatus of further comprising a first outlet for said regenerated first catalyst stream in said regenerator and a second claim 1 , separate outlet for said second catalyst stream in said regenerator.3. The reactor apparatus of further comprising a single flue gas outlet from said regenerator.4. The reactor apparatus of further comprising a side wall of said hopper being closed to an interior of said regenerator.56-. (canceled)7. The reactor apparatus of wherein said regenerator comprises a lower chamber and an upper chamber and said hopper is in said upper chamber.8. The reactor apparatus of wherein said riser is in ...

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30-05-2019 дата публикации

SCALLOP SUPPORT DISTRIBUTOR FOR RADIAL FLOW REACTOR

Номер: US20190160444A1
Принадлежит:

A supported scallop and a support distributor therefor for use in a radial flow reactor. The support distributor includes an elongated sheet having a plurality of perforations extending through a thickness thereof, and at least one edge along a length thereof so as to form a member having at least one support point which engages an inner surface of the scallop. 1. A support distributor for a scallop for use in a radial flow reactor , comprising: a plurality of perforations extending through a thickness thereof, the plurality of perforations being configured to allow gases, vapors, or liquids to flow through the thickness of the elongated sheet, and', 'at least one edge along a length thereof so as to form a member having at least one support point which engages an inner surface of the scallop., 'an elongated sheet having2. The support distributor of claim 1 , wherein the elongated sheet has a plurality of edges along the length thereof so that the member has a plurality support points which engage the inner surface of the scallop.3. The support distributor of claim 1 , wherein the support distributor has one of a V-shaped cross-section claim 1 , a W-shaped cross-section claim 1 , a triangular cross-sectional shape claim 1 , a square cross-sectional shape claim 1 , or a rectangular cross-sectional shape.4. The support distributor of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of perforations has a generally circular claim 1 , square claim 1 , or rectangular shape.5. The support distributor of claim 1 , wherein the elongated sheet is formed of a metal alloy.6. The support distributor of claim 5 , wherein the metal alloy is stainless steel.7. A support distributor for a scallop for use in a radial flow reactor claim 5 , comprising: a plurality of perforations extending through a thickness thereof, the plurality of perforations being configured to allow gases, vapors, or liquids to flow through the thickness, and', 'at least one edge along a length thereof so as to form a ...

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21-05-2020 дата публикации

HYDROPROCESSING SYSTEM WITH IMPROVED COOLING LIQUID ATOMIZATION

Номер: US20200156094A1
Автор: Patel Bandish
Принадлежит:

A hydroprocessing system having a processing vessel that discharges a high temperature effluent that must be cooled prior to collection in a reflux drum. One or more gas assisted spray nozzle are provided that utilize light atomizing gas having a density of 8-15 times less than air, such as hydrogen, which preferably is the processing or recycle gas of the system. The spray nozzles are designed for the efficient atomization and direction of cooling water into a micron sized droplet distribution utilizing the light atomizing gas for affecting higher mass and heat transfer from the effluent. The spray nozzles each include a unique atomizing gas and cooling liquid passageway systems, a downstream impingement post, and a plurality of discharge orifices which sequentially breakdown the liquid into micron sized droplets as low as 500 microns and less. 1. A hydroprocessing system comprising:a processing vessel having a hydrocarbon inlet coupled to a hydrocarbon supply for directing hydrocarbon into the processing vessel,said processing vessel having a process gas inlet coupled to a light process gas supply for directing light process gas into said processing vessel;said processing vessel having a vapor outlet for directing high temperature vapor from the processing vessel to a vapor discharge line for direction to an effluent cooler;a spraying system for directing atomized cooling water into the high temperature vapor directed through said vapor discharge line;said spraying system including a spray nozzle having an atomizing gas inlet coupled to a light gas supply and a water inlet coupled to a cooling water supply;said nozzle body having an internal protrusion extending downstream within an enlarged diameter expansion chamber of said nozzle body, said protrusion having a central gas passage communicating with said atomizing gas inlet and spray nozzle light gas supply;said protrusion having a plurality of circumferentially spaced cross gas passages communicating with said ...

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25-06-2015 дата публикации

ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND PREPARATION

Номер: US20150174552A1
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for continuously manufacturing organometallic compounds is provided where the apparatus has a source of a first reactant stream wherein the first reactant comprises a metal; a source of a second reactant stream; a laminar flow contacting zone for cocurrently contacting the first reactant stream and the second reactant stream; a mixing zone comprising a turbulence-promoting device; and a heat transfer zone. 1. An apparatus for continuously manufacturing an organometallic compound comprising: (a) a source of a first reactant stream wherein the first reactant comprises a metal; (b) a source of a second reactant stream; (c) a laminar flow contacting zone for cocurrently contacting the first reactant stream and the second reactant stream; (d) a mixing zone comprising a turbulence-promoting device; and (e) a heat transfer zone.2. The apparatus of wherein the turbulence-promoting device is chosen from bends claim 1 , spirals claim 1 , venturis claim 1 , wavy-walled columns claim 1 , orifices and static mixers.3. The apparatus of wherein the turbulence-promoting device is chosen from venturis claim 2 , bends claim 2 , wavy-walled reactors and combinations thereof.4. The apparatus of further comprising a plurality of turbulence-promoting devices.5. The apparatus of wherein the plurality of turbulence-promoting devices comprises at least 2 different mixing zones.61. The apparatus of further comprising a plurality of mixing zones with turbulence-promoting devices.7. The apparatus of further comprising a reaction zone following the mixing zone. This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 13/586,751, filed on Aug. 15, 2012, which claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/523,582, filed Aug. 15, 2011, the entire contents of which application are incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to the field of metal-containing compounds and particularly to the field of preparing ...

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21-05-2020 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE BY OXIDATIVE ESTERIFICATION USING A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

Номер: US20200157037A1
Принадлежит:

A method for preparing methyl methacrylate from methacrolein and methanol; said method comprising contacting in a reactor a mixture comprising methacrolein, methanol and oxygen with a catalyst bed of heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal, wherein mass transfer rate of oxygen in hourdivided by space-time yield in moles methyl methacrylate/kg·catalyst hour in the catalyst bed is at least 20. 1. A method for preparing methyl methacrylate from methacrolein and methanol; said method comprising contacting in a reactor a mixture comprising methacrolein , methanol and oxygen with a catalyst bed of heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal , wherein mass transfer rate of oxygen in hourdivided by space-time yield in moles methyl methacrylate/kg·catalyst hour in the catalyst bed is at least 25 kg catalyst/mole methyl methacrylate.2. The method of in which the catalyst bed is at a temperature from 40 to 120° C.3. The method of in which the catalyst has an average diameter from 400 microns to 10 mm.4. The method of in which the noble metal is selected from the group consisting of gold and palladium.5. The method of in which pH in the catalyst bed is from 4 to 8.6. The method of in which mass transfer rate of oxygen in secdivided by space-time yield in moles methyl methacrylate/kg·catalyst hour in the catalyst bed is at least 30 kg catalyst/mole methyl methacrylate.7. The method of in which the reactor is a continuous tubular reactor.8. The method of in which the reactor is a continuous stirred tank reactor.9. The method of in which the continuous stirred tank reactor comprises a solid baffle which allows liquid flow through the catalyst bed in one direction and height of the solid baffle is from 30 to 80% of height of the reactor.10. The method of in which height of liquid in the reactor divided by inside diameter of the reactor is from 1.2 to 2.2. The invention relates to a method for preparing methyl methacrylate from methacrolein ...

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23-06-2016 дата публикации

METHODS FOR CATALYTIC REFORMING OF HYDROCARBONS INCLUDING REGENERATION OF CATALYST AND APPARATUSES FOR THE SAME

Номер: US20160177199A1
Принадлежит:

Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons including regeneration of catalyst are provided. In one example, a method comprises heating an inert gas to form a heated inert gas stream. A first portion of the heated inert gas stream is indirect heat exchanged with hydrogen gas to form a first partially heated inert gas stream and a heated hydrogen gas stream that is for lifting the catalyst; and/or a second portion of the heated inert gas stream is indirect heat exchanged with an organic chloride-containing stream to form a second partially heated inert gas stream and a heated organic chloride-containing stream that is for chlorinating the catalyst; and/or the catalyst is preheated using at least a third portion of the heated inert gas stream for indirect heat exchange with a nitrogen gas stream or using the first and/or second partially heated inert gas streams. 1. A method for catalytic reforming of hydrocarbons including regeneration of a catalyst , the method comprising the steps of:heating an inert gas to form a heated inert gas stream;indirect heat exchanging at least a first portion of the heated inert gas stream with hydrogen gas to form a first partially heated inert gas stream and a heated hydrogen gas stream that is for lifting the catalyst; and/orindirect heat exchanging at least a second portion of the heated inert gas stream with an organic chloride-containing stream to form a second partially heated inert gas stream and a heated organic chloride-containing stream that is for chlorinating the catalyst; and/orpreheating the catalyst using at least a third portion of the heated inert gas stream for indirect heat exchange with a nitrogen gas stream that is in fluid communication with the catalyst or using the first and/or second partially heated inert gas streams for direct heat exchange with the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:combusting coke disposed on the catalyst in the presence of ...

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21-06-2018 дата публикации

DEVICE ALLOWING THE TEMPORARY STORAGE AND PUTTING BACK INTO CIRCULATION OF A CERTAIN QUANTITY OF CATALYST IN CATALYTIC REFORMING INSTALLATIONS

Номер: US20180169601A1
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

The present invention describes a device that firstly allows temporary storage of a certain quantity of catalyst and, secondly, the putting back into circulation of said quantity in the regenerative reforming installations following an interruption in the circulation of the catalyst. 153532575711257715. Catalytic reactor implementing a ring-shaped moving bed catalyst , limited at its outer periphery by walls forming a cylindrical basket () , and at its internal periphery by a central collector () , with the catalyst flowing slowly by force of gravity into the space between the basket () and the central collector () , and circulating downwards through circulation legs () positioned on the substantially hemispherical base of said reactor , said baskets being movable along a substantially vertical axis over a distance of from a few centimetres to 10 cm , this basket () being equipped with flaps () themselves substantially vertical , positioned on the lower part of the basket () , in the extension of the wall of said flap () , in which reactor , when there is an interruption in the circulation of the catalyst , a catalyst storage space () situated in the lower part of the reactor adjoining the wall , and close to the dip legs () , is released by moving the basket () and attached flaps () assembly upwards , the flap () itself being equipped with a deflector () rigidly or freely attached , and which forms an angle alpha with the vertical of between 30 and 60° , preferably of between 45 and 55°.2157. Catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the deflector () is rigidly connected to the flap ().31115. Catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is put back into circulation by gravity as soon as circulation has been re-established claim 1 , with the storage area () progressively emptying itself of the catalyst by means of the deflector ().45553. Moving bed catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , in which the catalyst is enclosed in ring-shaped ...

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21-06-2018 дата публикации

EFFICIENT PROCESS FOR CONVERTING METHANOL TO GASOLINE

Номер: US20180170823A1
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods are provided for the conversion of methanol to gasoline. Such methods may be performed be the sequential conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether, the conversion of dimethyl ether (and unconverted methanol, if present) to an intermediate olefin-rich product, and the oligomerization of the olefin-rich product to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons. 1. A method of converting methanol to gasoline comprising:(a) converting methanol to an intermediate stream comprising dimethyl ether;(b) exposing the dimethyl ether to a first catalyst in a reactor under first effective conversion conditions to produce an olefin-rich intermediate product, the first effective conversion conditions including an outlet temperature of less than 750° F.; and{'sub': '5', '(c) exposing the olefin-rich intermediate product to a conversion catalyst under second effective conversion conditions to form an oligomerized olefin effluent comprising C+ olefinic compounds, wherein the second effective conversion conditions comprise a pressure of less than about 500 psig and a temperature of at least about 700° F. (371° C.).'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the olefin-rich intermediate product comprises at least 50 wt % olefins.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the olefin-rich intermediate product comprises at least 15 wt % C1-C4 hydrocarbons.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first effective conditions include an inlet temperature of less than 650° F.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst comprises ZSM-5.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conversion catalyst comprises ZSM-5.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps (b) and (c) are performed without intermediate separation of the olefin-rich product produced in step (b).8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outlet temperature is less than 700° F.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps (a) and (b) are performed in a first fluid bed reactor.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein step (c) is performed in a second ...

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06-06-2019 дата публикации

Pilot Plant Scale Semi-Condensing Operation

Номер: US20190169335A1
Принадлежит:

A process for testing a commercial polyolefin condensed mode operation on a pilot plant scale is provided. A feed stream including one or more olefin monomers and one or more inert fluids can be introduced to a fluidized bed contained within a reactor housing having a length to diameter ratio of 1.0 to 20. The one or more olefin monomers can be contacted with one or catalysts within the fluidized bed at conditions sufficient to produce a polyolefin. A cycle gas stream can be withdrawn from the housing, the cycle gas stream having a gas velocity of 1.0 ft/sec to 3.0 ft/sec and including the unreacted monomers and the inert fluids. The cycle gas stream can be compressed to a pressure above the reaction pressure within the housing. The cycle gas stream can be cooled to a temperature that is above the dew point of the cycle gas, and a portion of the compressed cycle gas stream can be removed to create a side stream of the compressed cycle gas stream. The side stream can be cooled to a temperature that is below its dew point to create a gas-liquid mixture, and the cycle gas stream and the cooled side stream including the gas-liquid mixture can be returned to the reactor housing. 1. A process for testing a commercial polyolefin condensed mode operation on a pilot plant scale , comprising:flowing a feed stream comprising one or more olefin monomers and one or more inert fluids through a fluidized bed contained within a reactor housing having a length to diameter ratio of 1.0 to 20;contacting the one or more olefin monomers with one or catalysts within the fluidized bed at conditions sufficient to produce a polyolefin;withdrawing a cycle gas stream from the housing, the cycle gas stream having a gas velocity of 1.0 ft/sec to 3.0 ft/sec and comprising the unreacted monomers and the inert fluids;compressing the cycle gas stream to a pressure above the reaction pressure within the housing;cooling the cycle gas stream to a temperature that is above the dew point of the cycle ...

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06-06-2019 дата публикации

Method of Enhancing Hydration of Viscosifiers Using Controlled Mechanically Induced Cavitation

Номер: US20190169479A1
Принадлежит:

A method of hydrating a dry powdered viscosifier such as a powdered polymer is disclosed. The method includes mixing the powdered viscosifier with a solvent such as water to form a mixture; moving the mixture through a cavitation zone; inducing energetic shock waves and pressure fluctuations in the mixture by mechanically inducing cavitation events within the mixture, the shock waves and pressure fluctuations untangling, separating, and straightening polymer molecule chains and distributing the chains throughout the mixture, and extracting the resulting hydrated viscosifier from the cavitation zone. 118.-. (canceled)19. A method of enhancing hydration of a non-hydrated viscosifier containing particles , the method comprising the steps of:(a) obtaining a non-hydrated viscosifier to be hydrated;(b) obtaining a solvent to be used to hydrate the non-hydrated viscosifier;(c) combining the non-hydrated viscosifier and the solvent to produce a mixture;(d) generating cavitation events within the mixture resulting in shock waves and pressure variations that propagate through the mixture;(e) controlling one or more of a dwell time of the exposure of particles to the shock waves and pressure variations, an energy input, a rotor rotation rate, a temperature, a concentration of the mixture, or a particulate grind size to maximize straightening, separation, and untangling of polymer chains of the non-hydrated viscosifier particles without causing covalent bond breakage or polymer chain scission;(f) as a result of steps (d) and (e), separating the particles in the viscosifier allowing the solvent to surround the particles;(g) as a result of steps (d) and (e), forcing solvent molecules into and out of particles to untangle, straighten, and hydrate viscosifier molecule chains contained within the particles;(h) distributing the untangled, straightened, and hydrated molecule chains substantially evenly throughout the mixture; and(i) collecting the resulting mixture.20. The method of ...

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08-07-2021 дата публикации

CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE OF GRAPHENIC COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20210206645A1
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are high throughput continuous or semi-continuous reactors and processes for manufacturing graphenic materials, such as graphene oxide. Such processes are suitable for manufacturing graphenic materials at rates that are up to hundreds of times faster than conventional techniques, have little batch-to-batch variation, have a high degree of tunability, and have excellent performance characteristics. 1. A process for manufacturing a graphenic compound , the process comprising:a. injecting a first stock into a first inlet of a continuous or semi-continuous reactor, the first stock comprising graphite;b. optionally injecting a second stock into a second inlet of the continuous reactor, the second stock comprising potassium permanganate;c. optionally injecting a third stock into a third inlet of the continuous or semi-continuous reactor, the third stock comprising an oxidizing or quenching agent and being injected downstream from the injection point of the first and/or second stock(s);d. optionally injecting a fourth stock into a fourth inlet of the continuous reactor, the fourth stock comprising water and being injected downstream from the injection point of the first, second, and third stocks; ande. collecting the graphenic compound from an outlet of the continuous reactor, the graphene oxide being collected downstream from the injection points of the first, second, third, and fourth stocks.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the continuous reactor has a flow from the first inlet to the outlet claim 1 , the flow being a vortex flow.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the vortex flow is a toroidal vortex flow.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the continuous reactor is configured to produce a toroidal vortex flow.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the toroidal vortex flow comprises a plurality of non-axisymmetric toroidal vortices.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the continuous reactor is a continuous Taylor-Couette reactor.7. The process of claim 1 ...

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30-06-2016 дата публикации

Continuous production of titanium tetrachloride from titanium-bearing slags

Номер: US20160185614A1
Принадлежит: Bic Technologies Group Inc

This disclosure relates to an improved method to produce titanium tetrachloride continuously from titanium-bearing materials containing high concentrations of alkaline earth metal impurities through fluidized-bed carbochlorination. Agglomerated heavy particles in a reaction are taken out continuously from a chlorination reactor without clogging and stopping. The reactors and related methods disclosed apply to the chlorination of titanium slag containing high content of alkaline earth metal oxides of up to 15% by weight.

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30-06-2016 дата публикации

CONTINUOUS REACTION DEVICE FOR SYNTHESIZING POLYOXYMETHYLENE DIMETHYL ETHERS

Номер: US20160185902A1
Принадлежит:

The present invention pertains to the technical field of energy resource chemical industry, and in particular relates to a continuous reaction device and process for synthesizing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by using paraformaldehyde and methylal as feedstock or using trioxane and methylal as feedstock in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The continuous reaction device comprises multiple slurry bed stirred tank reactors connected in series or in combination of series connection and parallel connection, and also comprises an on-line solid-liquid separation device to perform separation of the reaction mixture from the catalyst. Each of the tank reactors is provided with an axial-flow stirring paddle having 2-6 blades per layer, to ensure sufficient mixing of the reactants with the catalyst. By using a distributed control pattern of reaction temperature and feedstock supplying to enhance the process and to optimize the operation, the reaction device of the present invention can effectively achieve large-scale continuous production of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers, and both the yield rates and the distribution of the reaction product are better than those of prior art. 1. A continuous reaction device for synthesizing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers , the reaction using paraformaldehyde and methylal as feedstock or using trioxane and methylal as feedstock and being carried out in the presence of an acidic catalyst , wherein ,the continuous reaction device comprises multiple reactors connected in series or in combination of series connection and parallel connection, and also comprises an on-line solid-liquid separation device to perform solid-liquid separation of the reaction mixture from the catalyst;each of the tank reactors is independently controlled at a pressure of 1.0-4.0 MPa and a temperature of 50-120° C.; a molar ratio of paraformaldehyde or trioxane, metered in mole number of formaldehyde contained therein, to methylal in the feedstock is 0.5-5.0; ...

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