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Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Применить Всего найдено 2831. Отображено 100.
11-06-2020 дата публикации

Пневматическая радиальная легковая шина

Номер: RU0000198015U1
Автор: Марат Мизхатович Хафизов, Михаил Иванович Трофимов, Ренат Лифкатович Бадертдинов, Светлана Александровна Шмелева
Принадлежит: Публичное акционерное общество "Нижнекамскшина"

Полезная модель относится к пневматическим легкогрузовым шинам радиальной конструкции, обрезиненный брекерный браслет которых состоит из двух слоев обрезиненного металлического корда, наложенных крест на крест друг на друга, и одного или двух слоев текстильного слоя.Известны технические решения пневматических шин с металлокордными и текстильными слоями в брекере: патент РФ №2495760 на изобретение «Покрышка пневматической шины», патент РФ №2495761 на изобретение «Покрышка пневматической шины», патент РФ №121200 на полезную модель «Покрышка пневматической шины».Недостатком данных решений является недостаточные работоспособность шин, высокое значение коэффициента сопротивления качению, а также низкое значение сопротивления шин боковому уводу.Разработана пневматическая радиальная легкогрузовая шина, отличающаяся применением в брекерном браслете двух слоев обрезиненного металлического корда структуры 4Л32НТ, раскроенных под углом 20-25° и наложенных друг на друга крест на крест, с толщиной обрезиненного слоя металлокорда (1,3÷1,4)±0,03 мм, диаметром металлокорда 0,86±0,04 мм, линейной плотностью металлокорда 2,40-2,66 г/м и разрывным усилием металлокорда в целом не менее 890 Н, шагом металлокорда в готовой шине 1,3-1,8, причем металллокорд выполнен из металлических нитей высокой прочности одинакового диаметра 0,32 мм с латунным покрытием массой 4,5±2,0 г/кг и массовой доли меди в латунном покрытии 63±2,5%, свитых между собой по типу «S» с шагом 15-17 мм, с прочностью связи металлокордного брекера с производственной резиновой смесью не менее 340 Н/12,5 мм, причем отношение диаметра металлической нити к диаметру металлокорда составляет 0,372.Заявляемые конструкторские решения по итогам испытаний соответствуют требованиям Правил ООН №30, №117 и в сравнении с прототипом обеспечивают увеличение общей работоспособности пневматической шины (до +9%), снижение гистерезисных потерь в брекерных слоях (что приводит к снижению коэффициента сопротивления качению до 12%), а также ...

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Номер записи: 1
22-03-2012 дата публикации

Tires with high strength reinforcement

Номер: US20120067488A1
Автор: Anthony Hardy, Barry Allen Matrana, James Christopher Kish, Robert Paul Wyszynski, Serge Julien Auguste Imhoff, Thomas Walter Starinshak, Yann Bernard Duval
Принадлежит: Individual

A pneumatic tire includes a carcass, two sidewalls spaced apart a distance, two beads, a tread disposed radially outward of a crown of the carcass, and a belt structure radially interposed between the tread and the carcass. The belt structure has UT steel reinforcing cords. The cords have filaments with diameters ranging from 0.18 mm to 0.22 mm.

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Номер записи: 2
22-03-2012 дата публикации

Tires with high strength reinforcement

Номер: US20120067489A1
Автор: Anthony Hardy, Barry Allen Matrana, Derek Shuttleworth, James Christopher Kish, Robert Paul Wyszynski, Serge Julien Auguste Imhoff, Thomas Walter Starinshak, Yann Bernard Duval
Принадлежит: Individual

A pneumatic tire includes a carcass, two sidewalls spaced apart a distance, two beads, a tread disposed radially outward of a crown of the carcass, and a belt structure radially interposed between the tread and the carcass. The belt structure has UT steel reinforcing cords. The cords have filaments with diameters ranging from 0.21 mm to 0.60 mm.

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Номер записи: 3
21-02-2013 дата публикации

Pneumatic radial tire for passenger vehicles

Номер: US20130042953A1
Автор: Isao Kuwayama
Принадлежит: Bridgestone Corp

A run-flat tire of the present invention is a pneumatic radial tire for passenger vehicles which has a carcass composed of plies of radially arranged cords toroidally extending between a pair of bead portions, and the a W/L ratio of the section width W to the outer diameter L of the tire is 0.25 or less.

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Номер записи: 4
04-07-2013 дата публикации

Pneumatic radial tire for a passenger vehicle

Номер: US20130168000A1
Автор: Isao Kuwayama
Принадлежит: Bridgestone Corp

A pneumatic radial tire for a passenger vehicle has a ratio W/L where W is a cross-sectional width and L is an outer diameter. The tire also has a belt-reinforcing layer having a high rigidity and disposed between a belt and a tread.

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Номер записи: 5
15-08-2013 дата публикации

Pneumatic radial tire for aircraft

Номер: US20130206307A1
Автор: Daisuke Itami
Принадлежит: Bridgestone Corp

Provided is a pneumatic radial tire for aircraft that includes a radial carcass constituting a backbone structure of the tire, a belt ( 6 ) disposed along an outer periphery of a crown region of the radial carcass, and at least one protective layer ( 7 ) disposed along an outer periphery of the belt ( 6 ) and formed by a plurality of cords ( 9 ). The cords ( 9 ) in the protective layer ( 7 ) are curved in a sinusoidal shape and disposed in parallel with equal phase. An acute inclination angle θ between an amplitude center line of each cord ( 9 ) relative to a tire circumferential direction, a half amplitude a of each cord ( 9 ), and a wavelength λ of each cord ( 9 ) satisfy the relationship: tan θ>2πa/λ>0.4 (0°<θ<90°).

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Номер записи: 6
29-08-2013 дата публикации

Tire

Номер: US20130220509A1
Автор: Alain Domingo, Hichem Rehab
Принадлежит: Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA, Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland

The invention relates to a tire with radial carcass reinforcement, made up of at least one layer of metal reinforcing elements, the said tire comprising a crown reinforcement, itself radially capped by a tread, the said tread being connected to two beads via two side walls, the said tire comprising a first layer of polymer compound radially between the carcass reinforcement and the radially innermost layer of reinforcing elements of the crown reinforcement. According to the invention, the said first layer of polymer compound constitutes a buffer zone designed to trap oxygen on the outside of the said first layer, the axial width of the said first layer being at least equal to 70% of the width of the radially innermost layer of reinforcing elements of the crown reinforcement.

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Номер записи: 7
26-09-2013 дата публикации

Steel cord for reinforcing rubber article, and pneumatic tire using same

Номер: US20130248074A1
Автор: Yuji Oyama
Принадлежит: Bridgestone Corp

Provided is a steel cord for reinforcing rubber articles which has both rubber penetration and productivity and which allows to reduce the weight of a tire without compromising the strength of the tire when applied to a tire, and a pneumatic tire using the same. The steel cord for reinforcing rubber articles of the present invention is a steel cord for reinforcing rubber articles comprising a core formed by arranging two core filaments in parallel without twisting the filaments together, and six sheath filaments twisted around the core. Letting the diameter of the core filament dc (mm), the diameter of the sheath filament ds (mm) and sheath filament twist pitch p (mm), an average sheath filament interval D represented by the following Formula (I): D=[L −6 ds {1+( L/p ) 2 } 1/2 ]/6  (I), (where L=(π+2)dc+πds) is from 25 to 80 μm.

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Номер записи: 8
07-11-2013 дата публикации

Tire with Thin Sidewalls and Improved Hooping Reinforcement

Номер: US20130292022A1
Автор: Christophe Le Clerc, Jacques Morel-Jean
Принадлежит: Individual

A tire ( 10 ) with a hooping reinforcement ( 100 ) including a part extending axially beyond a crown reinforcement that has NC intersections with any radial plane. A part ( 41 ) of the sidewall applied radially between an outer strip ( 120 ) and tread ( 30 ) is made of a rubber compound that has an elastic modulus E, and a mean thickness EA. The hooping reinforcement ( 100 ) is made of a textile material that has a shrinkage force at 180° C. (FC) that is less than or equal to 12 N. Elastic modulus E, mean thickness EA, number of intersections NC and the shrinkage force at 180° C. (FC) are chosen such that for each sidewall of the tire, the following inequality is satisfied: K = ( E · EA 2 · P B · NC · FC ) < 0.16 where P is the thickness of the tire measured in a direction perpendicular to the carcass reinforcement and having an intersection with the axial end of the outer layer of the crown reinforcement, and where B is the curvilinear length of the carcass reinforcement in said part ( 41 ) of the sidewall.

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Номер записи: 9
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Pneumatic Tire

Номер: US20140041779A1
Автор: Kakizawa Hiroshi, Ueda Yoshio
Принадлежит: THE YOKOHAMA RUBBER CO., LTD.

The pneumatic tire according to the present technology has a reinforcing layer in which a plurality of steel cords is laid in parallel and embedded in rubber, wherein each steel cord is configured from a plurality of wires twisted together, the wire diameter is from 0.15 mm to 0.40 mm, each wire is configured from a core and a plating layer formed on the periphery of the core, the core is made from carbon steel with a carbon content of from 0.60 mass % to 0.75 mass %, the average thickness of the plating layer is from 0.23 μm to 0.33 μm, and the strength of the steel cord is from 3000 MPA to 3500 MPa. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising a reinforcing layer formed from a plurality of steel cords being laid in parallel and embedded in rubber , each of the steel cords being configured from a plurality of wires twisted together , a wire diameter of each of the wires being from 0.15 mm to 0.40 mm , each of the wires comprising a core and a plating layer formed on the periphery of the core , the core being made from carbon steel with a carbon content of from 0.60 mass % to 0.75 mass % , an average thickness of the plating layer being from 0.23 μm to 0.33 μm , and a strength of the steel cord being from 3 ,000 MPa to 3 ,500 MPa.2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein a rubber penetration rate of the steel cord is not less than 75%.3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein a lateral cross-sectional shape of the steel cord is oblate in shape.4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3 , wherein the steel cord has a 1×N structure.5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 4 , wherein the reinforcing layer is a belt layer claim 4 , a carcass layer claim 4 , or a side reinforcing layer.6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 4 , wherein the reinforcing layer is a belt layer claim 4 , and a belt cover layer is wound around an outer periphery side of the belt layer so as to cover at least an edge portion of the belt layer.7. The pneumatic tire according to claim ...

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Номер записи: 10
13-01-2022 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20220009288A1
Автор: MOTOMITSU Takamasa
Принадлежит:

The pneumatic tire includes a carcass layer, a belt layer disposed on an outer side of the carcass layer in a radial direction, and a tread rubber disposed on an outer side of the belt layer in the radial direction. Additionally, the carcass layer has a cord angle of 80° or more and 100° or less. Additionally, the belt layer is formed by layering a first reinforcing belt, a second reinforcing belt that is narrower than the first reinforcing belt, and an auxiliary belt that is spaced apart from a tire equatorial plane and disposed between the carcass layer and the first reinforcing belt. Additionally, the first reinforcing belt has a cord angle of 11° or more and 30° or less, the second reinforcing belt has a cord angle of 1° or more and 11° or less, and the auxiliary belt has a cord angle of 55° or more and 70° or less. 1. A pneumatic tire , comprising:a carcass layer;a belt layer disposed on an outer side of the carcass layer in a radial direction; anda tread rubber disposed on an outer side of the belt layer in the radial direction,the carcass layer having a cord angle of 80° or more and 100° or less,the belt layer being formed by layering a first reinforcing belt, a second reinforcing belt that is narrower than the first reinforcing belt, and an auxiliary belt that is spaced apart from a tire equatorial plane and disposed between the carcass layer and the first reinforcing belt,the first reinforcing belt having a cord angle of 11° or more and 30° or less,the second reinforcing belt having a cord angle of 1° or more and 11° or less, andthe auxiliary belt having a cord angle of 55° or more and 70° or less.255. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein a distance De from the tire equatorial plane to an outer end portion of the auxiliary belt in a tire width direction has a relationship 0.60≤De/(TDW/2)≤0.90 with respect to a developed tread half-width TDW/2.35511. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein a distance De from the tire equatorial plane ...

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Номер записи: 11
27-01-2022 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20220024255A1
Автор: Fujita Masayuki
Принадлежит: SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD.

A pneumatic tire includes a tread portion, a pair of sidewall portions, a pair of bead portions, a carcass extending between the bead portions through the tread portion and the sidewall portions, a belt layer disposed radially outwardly of the carcass, a band layer disposed radially outwardly of the belt layer, and a pair of belt-edge rubbers disposed between the belt layer and the band layer to cover axially outer edges of the belt layer. The band layer includes a full band and a pair of edge bands covering the axially outer edges of the belt layer. The pair of edge bands includes one or more organic fiber cords each having restraining force in a range from 5 to 35 N at radially outward locations of the outer edges of the belt layer. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:a tread portion;a pair of sidewall portions;a pair of bead portions;a carcass extending between the pair of bead portions through the tread portion and the pair of sidewall portions;a belt layer disposed outwardly in a tire radial direction of the carcass, the belt layer comprising at least two belt plies;a band layer disposed outwardly in the tire radial direction of the belt layer; anda pair of belt-edge rubbers disposed between the belt layer and the band layer to cover axially outer edges of the belt layer,whereinthe band layer comprises at least one full band and a pair of edge bands covering the axially outer edges of the belt layer,the pair of edge bands comprises one or more organic fiber cords, andthe organic fiber cords of the pair of edge bands each have restraining force in a range from 5 to 35 N at radially outward locations of the outer edges of the belt layer.2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , whereinin a tire cross-sectional view including a tire axis, the tread portion has a pair of tread edges and a tread profile extending between the pair of tread edges, andwhen a pair of virtual first straight lines that extends from a center position in a tire axial direction of the tread ...

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Номер записи: 12
15-01-2015 дата публикации

Tire construction with flattened summit and circumferential reinforcement

Номер: US20150013867A1
Автор: Daniel Mceachern Hicks, Timothy B. Rhyne, William Bennett Clayton
Принадлежит: Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA

A tire constructed with a plurality of reinforcement belts is provided. At least one of the reinforcement belts extends along the axial width of the tire summit and is constructed according to an equilibrium curve that is flat throughout the summit. The reinforcement belts include cable reinforcements that are substantially parallel to the equatorial plane. Substantial reductions in the tension experienced by the cables can be achieved to provide, as a result, improvements in e.g., tread wear.

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Номер записи: 13
03-02-2022 дата публикации

Hooping Reinforcement for a Tire of a Heavy Duty Civil Engineering Vehicle

Номер: US20220032689A1
Автор: KHAYAT Cédric, LE CHENADEC ELODIE
Принадлежит:

Improve endurance of tire for heavy-duty vehicle of construction plant type. A hoop reinforcement has an axially continuous first hooping layer and axially discontinuous second hooping layer, first layer has an axial width LF at least equal to 25% and at most 75% of axial width LT of working reinforcement, the discontinuous second hooping layer consists of two hooping strips symmetrical with respect to equatorial plane (XZ) of tire, each extends axially from axially interior end as far as axially exterior end over an axial width LF which is at least equal to 10% and at most 35% of axial width LF of the first hooping layer, and the distributed tension at break TR of each hooping strip defined as the product of number D of reinforcers per mm times the force at break FR of each reinforcer expressed in daN, is at least equal to 100 daN/mm. 2. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the hoop reinforcement is positioned radially on the inside of the protective reinforcement.3. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the first hooping layer is positioned radially on the outside of the radially innermost working layer.4. The tire according to claim 3 , wherein the second hooping layer is positioned radially on the outside of the first hooping layer and in contact therewith.5. The tire according to claim 3 , wherein the second hooping layer is positioned radially on the outside of the second working layer and in contact therewith.6. The tire according to claim 3 , wherein the second hooping layer is positioned radially on the outside of the carcass reinforcement and in contact therewith.7. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the first hooping layer is made up of a circumferential winding of a ply of metal reinforcers.8. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein each hooping strip of the second hooping layer is made up of a circumferential winding of a ply of metal reinforcers.9. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the first hooping layer is made up of an axial ...

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Номер записи: 14
28-01-2016 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20160023516A1
Автор: Shima Satoshi
Принадлежит: TOYO TIRE & RUBBER CO., LTD.

A pneumatic tire includes a belt layer, a belt reinforcing layer in which a plurality of reinforcing cords are arranged, four main grooves, and land portions comparted by the four main grooves, wherein in the case that the belt reinforcing layer is partitioned into five areas in a tire width direction by the four main grooves, an arrangement density of the reinforcing cord in the fifth area is higher than that of the reinforcing cord in the first area, and an arrangement density of the reinforcing cord in the second area is higher than that of the reinforcing cord in the fourth area, and wherein protruding portions having protruding heights in proportion to the arrangement densities are provided on ground surfaces of the land portions which are positioned outside in the tire diametrical direction in the areas having the higher density than that of the third area. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:a belt layer which is buried in a tread portion;a belt reinforcing layer which is arranged in an outer side in a tire diametrical direction of the belt layer and in which a plurality of reinforcing cords extending along a tire circumferential direction are arranged;four main grooves which are formed on an outer surface of the tread portion, and are arranged two by two in both sides with a tire equator interposed therebetween; andland portions which are comparted by the four main grooves,wherein in the case that the belt reinforcing layer is partitioned into five areas constituted by a first area, a second area, a third area, a fourth area and a fifth area in a tire width direction from a vehicle installation inner side toward a vehicle installation outer side in this order by the four main grooves, an arrangement density of the reinforcing cord in the fifth area is higher than an arrangement density of the reinforcing cord in the first area, and an arrangement density of the reinforcing cord in the second area is higher than an arrangement density of the reinforcing cord in ...

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Номер записи: 15
28-01-2016 дата публикации

Reduced weight aircraft tire

Номер: US20160023517A1
Автор: Frank Anthony Kmiecik, Leonard James Reiter
Принадлежит: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co

A pneumatic tire having a carcass and a belt reinforcing structure, the belt reinforcing structure comprising: a zigzag belt reinforcing structure formed of a strip of reinforcement cords, the strip of reinforcement cords being inclined at 5 to 30 degrees relative to the centerplane of the tire extending in alternation to turnaround points at each lateral edge, wherein the strip of cords is formed from two different cords made of different materials.

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Номер записи: 16
10-02-2022 дата публикации

Module Hooping Reinforcement for a Tire of a Heavy Duty Civil Engineering Vehicle

Номер: US20220041019A1
Автор: Estenne Vincent, KHAYAT Cédric
Принадлежит:

A radial tire () for a heavy-duty vehicle of construction plant type, and aims to increase the rupture strength of the hoop reinforcement thereof having circumferential layers, ensuring satisfactory endurance of the crown reinforcement thereof. According to the invention, the at least one circumferential hooping layer () comprises a median portion () having a median width (L, L) and a median tensile elastic modulus (E, E), and two lateral portions () that axially extend the median portion () on either side and each have a lateral width (L, L) and a lateral tensile elastic modulus (E, E), the lateral width (L, L) is at least equal to 0.05 times the median width (L, L), and the lateral tensile elastic modulus (E, E) is at most equal to 0.9 times the median tensile elastic modulus (E, E). 1. A tire for a heavy-duty vehicle of construction plant type , comprising a crown reinforcement radially on the inside of a tread and radially on the outside of a carcass reinforcement ,the crown reinforcement comprising, radially from the outside to the inside, a protective reinforcement and a working reinforcement,the protective reinforcement comprising at least one protective layer comprising elastic metal reinforcers having a tensile elastic modulus at most equal to 150 GPa, which are coated in an elastomeric material, are mutually parallel and form an angle at least equal to 10° with a circumferential direction (XX′) tangential to the circumference of the tire,the working reinforcement comprising two working layers that respectively comprise inextensible metal reinforcers having a tensile elastic modulus greater than 150 GPa and at most equal to 200 GPa, which are coated in an elastomeric material, are mutually parallel, form an angle at least equal to 15° and at most equal to 45° with the circumferential direction (XX′), and are crossed from one working layer to the next,the crown reinforcement also comprising, radially on the inside of the protective reinforcement, a ...

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Номер записи: 17
24-01-2019 дата публикации

Pneumatic Tire

Номер: US20190023076A1
Автор: Risa Tauchi
Принадлежит: Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd

A pneumatic tire includes cross belts and one or more protective belts provided in the tire radial direction. A width of a widest protective belt is greater than a width of any of the cross belts. In the tire profile, a maximum projection position of the widest protective belt is A, an end position of the widest protective belt is B, a position at which a straight line a passing through position A extending in the direction normal to a tread surface intersects with the tread surface is A′, and a position at which a straight line b passing through position B extending in the direction normal to the tread surface intersects with the tread surface is B′. An angle formed between a first straight line that links position A and position B and a second straight line that links position A′ and position B′ is from 0° to 15°.

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Номер записи: 18
28-01-2021 дата публикации

TIRE WITH ELECTRONIC DEVICE HAVING A REINFORCING CORD ANTENNA

Номер: US20210023885A1
Автор: Sams Thomas A.
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE AMERICAS TIRE OPERATIONS, LLC

A tire includes an electronic device, such as a RFID chip, within the body of the tire. For particular embodiments, a RFID chip is disposed within a tire belt. The RFID chip may be disposed on an inner or outer belt. The RFID chip is connected to at least one steel cords forming an antenna for the RFID chip. The steel cords are disposed at a first angle and second angle with respect to the tire equator. A method of joining the RFID chip to a tire cord is also provided. 1. A tire comprising:a first annular bead and a second annular bead,a body ply extending between the first annular bead and the second annular bead,a first annular belt, disposed radially upward of the body ply and extending axially across a portion of the body ply, wherein the first annular belt includes a first plurality of substantially parallel steel cords which are disposed at a first angle with respect to the tire equator;a second annular belt disposed radially upward of the first annular belt and extending axially across a portion of the first annular belt, wherein the second annular belt includes a second plurality of substantially parallel steel cords which are disposed at a second angle with respect to the tire equator, and the first angle is not equal to the second angle;a circumferential tread disposed radially upward of the second annular belt and extending axially across a portion of the body ply,a first sidewall extending between the first annular bead and a first shoulder, the first shoulder being associated with the circumferential tread,a second sidewall extending between the second annular bead and a second shoulder, the second shoulder being associated with the circumferential tread, anda radio-frequency identification (RFID) chip disposed radially within one of the first annular belt and the second annular belt, and disposed axially across a portion of the circumferential tread, wherein the RFID chip is connected to at least one steel cord.2. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the at ...

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Номер записи: 19
29-01-2015 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20150027608A1
Автор: Takahashi Souichi
Принадлежит:

A pneumatic tire has a toroidal carcass layer, a belt layer, and a first fiber reinforcing layer which is arranged so as to cover both end portions of the belt layer, wherein a reinforcing rubber layer is arranged between the first fiber reinforcing layer and the belt layer at a shoulder portion at one side at which the shoulder portion is positioned at an inner side of the vehicle at the time of installing the tire, and a second fiber reinforcing layer is arranged in adjacent to the outer side or the inner side of the first fiber reinforcing layer at a shoulder portion at the other side at which the shoulder portion is positioned at the outer side of the vehicle, and wherein a peeling strength of the reinforcing rubber layer is higher than a peeling strength of the belt layer and the first fiber reinforcing layer. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:a toroidal carcass layer which is provided between a pair of bead portions;a belt layer which is arranged at an outer side in a tire diametrical direction of the carcass layer; anda first fiber reinforcing layer which is arranged so as to cover both end portions of the belt layer at an outer side in the tire diametrical direction of the belt layer,wherein a reinforcing rubber layer is arranged between the first fiber reinforcing layer and the belt layer at a shoulder portion at one side at which the shoulder portion is positioned at an inner side of the vehicle at the time of installing the tire, and a second fiber reinforcing layer is arranged in adjacent to the outer side or the inner side in the tire diametrical direction of the first fiber reinforcing layer at a shoulder portion at the other side at which the shoulder portion is positioned at the outer side of the vehicle, andwherein a peeling strength of the reinforcing rubber layer is higher than a peeling strength of the belt layer and the first fiber reinforcing layer.2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein a width of the reinforcing rubber layer is ...

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Номер записи: 20
02-02-2017 дата публикации

Pneumatic tire

Номер: US20170028778A1
Автор: Yuya Nishida
Принадлежит: Toyo Tire and Rubber Co Ltd

A pneumatic tire has a belt layer arranged between a carcass and a tread portion. The belt layer has a first main working belt, a second main working belt arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt in a tire-radial direction, and a reinforcement belt. A cord angle of the second main working belt differs from a cord angle of the first main working belt in a direction with respect to a tire-circumferential direction. A cord angle of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees. A width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than either narrower one of the first and second main working belts.

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Номер записи: 21
02-02-2017 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20170028779A1
Автор: Nishida Yuya
Принадлежит: TOYO TIRE & RUBBER CO., LTD.

A belt layer of a pneumatic tire includes a first main working belt, a second main working belt arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt in a tire-radial direction, the second main working belt having a cord angle different from a cord angle of the first main working belt in a direction with respect to a tire-circumferential direction, and a reinforcement belt. A cord angle of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees. A width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than a width of a narrower one of the first and second main working belts. A first inclination angle is 20±5 degrees. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising a belt layer arranged between a carcass and a tread portion ,wherein the belt layer comprisesa first main working belt,a second main working belt arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt in a tire-radial direction, the second main working belt having a cord angle different from a cord angle of the first main working belt in a direction with respect to a tire-circumferential direction, anda reinforcement belt,a cord angle of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees,a width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than a width of a narrower one of the first and second main working belts, anda first inclination angle is 20±5 degrees, the first inclination angle being defined as an acute angle formed by a line connecting a maximum width point of the carcass with a bead portion and a line passing the maximum width point and extending in a tire-height direction when the pneumatic tire is mounted on a predetermined rim and an inner pressure is set to a predetermined internal pressure.2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein a second inclination angle is 15±10 degrees claim 1 , the second inclination angle being defined as an acute ...

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Номер записи: 22
02-02-2017 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20170028780A1
Автор: Haseda Hiroyuki
Принадлежит: TOYO TIRE & RUBBER CO., LTD.

A belt layer of a pneumatic tire includes a first main working belt, a second main working belt arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt in a tire-radial direction having a cord angle θp2 different from a cord angle Γp1 of the first main working belt in a direction with respect to a tire-circumferential direction, and a reinforcement belt. An absolute value of a cord angle θr of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees. The cord angles θp1, θp2, and θr satisfy “−8≦θp1+θp2+θr≦8”. 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein a width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than a width of a narrower one of the first and second main working belts.3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the reinforcement belt is arranged between the first main working belt and the second main working belt.4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the absolute values of the cord angles of the first and second main working belts are respectively 20±10 degrees.5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 4 , wherein the absolute values of the cord angles of the first and second main working belts are respectively 17±5 degrees.6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the belt layer further comprises a protection belt arranged at an outer side of the second main working belt in the tire-radial direction.7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 6 , wherein the belt layer further comprises a buffer belt arranged at an inner side of the first main working belt in the tire-radial direction.8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the pneumatic tire has an aspect ratio of not larger than 70% and a nominal section width of not smaller than 365. This application claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-150102 filed on Jul. 29, 2015, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.Technical FieldThe present ...

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Номер записи: 23
02-02-2017 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20170028782A1
Автор: Miyake Akinori
Принадлежит: TOYO TIRE & RUBBER CO., LTD.

A pneumatic tire has a belt layer between a carcass and a tread portion. The belt layer has first and second main working belts, and a reinforcement belt. A cord angle of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees and width thereof is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than either narrower one of the first and second main working belts. In a state where the pneumatic tire is mounted on a predetermined rim and filled with a minute internal pressure with no load applied, an arc passing points on both maximum width positions and a point on a tire equatorial plane of the reinforcement belt, in meridian section, has a radius of curvature of not smaller than 2500 mm. A total thickness Tand Tsatisfy a relationship of 1.05T≦T≦1.35T. 1. A pneumatic tire , comprising a belt layer arranged between a carcass and a tread portion ,wherein the belt layer comprises:a first main working belt;a second main working belt arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt in a tire-radial direction, anda reinforcement belt,wherein a cord angle of the second main working belt differs from a cord angle of the first main working belt in a direction with respect to a tire-circumferential direction,wherein a cord angle of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees,wherein a width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than either narrower one of the first and second main working belts,wherein in a state in which the pneumatic tire is mounted on a predetermined rim and is filled with a minute internal pressure with no load applied thereto, an arc passing points on both maximum width positions of the reinforcement belt and a point on a tire-equatorial plane of the reinforcement belt, in meridian section, has a radius of curvature of not smaller than 2500 mm, and{'sub': CE', 'SH', 'SH', 'CE', 'SH, 'wherein a total thickness ...

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Номер записи: 24
02-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PNEUMATIC TIRE AND PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20170028783A1
Автор: Hitotsuyanagi Tomohiro
Принадлежит: TOYO TIRE & RUBBER CO., LTD.

A method of manufacturing a pneumatic tire includes preparing a belt forming member formed of belt cords arranged parallel and covered with rubber. In a development state, the belt forming member is formed into a parallelogram, so that in a state wound with the belt cords extending in a direction inclined at a cord angle θ, the belt forming member is formed into a circular cylindrical configuration where a belt-under diameter D is not smaller than 940 mm and not larger than 960 mm and a belt width W is not smaller than 270 mm and not larger than 310 mm, and the cord angle θ, the belt-under diameter D and the belt width W satisfy a relationship of 0.577 πD≦W/tanθ<1.07πD. The belt forming member is wound and joined at a joint portion where the inclined sides are brought into contact with each other. 1. A method of manufacturing a pneumatic tire where a reinforcement belt is disposed in a belt layer wound outside a carcass ply in a tire radial direction , the method comprising:preparing a belt forming member formed of belt cords arranged parallel to each other and covered with rubber,wherein in a development state, the belt forming member is formed into a parallelogram which has circumferential direction sides extending parallel to the tire circumferential direction and inclined sides extending parallel to the belt cords, so that in a state where the belt forming member is wound with the belt cords extending in a direction inclined with respect to a tire circumferential direction at a cord angle θ, the belt forming member is formed into a circular cylindrical configuration where a belt-under diameter D is not smaller than 940 mm and not larger than 960 mm and a belt width W is not smaller than 270 mm and not larger than 310 mm, andwherein the cord angle θ, the belt-under diameter D and the belt width W satisfy a relationship of 0.57 πD W/tanθ<1.0 πD;winding the belt forming member in a circular cylindrical shape; andjoining the inclined sides which face each other to ...

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Номер записи: 25
02-02-2017 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20170028784A1
Автор: Suita Harunobu
Принадлежит: TOYO TIRE & RUBBER CO., LTD.

A belt layer includes first and second main working belts and a reinforcement belt. A cord angle of the reinforcement belt is 6 to 9 degrees. A width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than a width of a narrower one of the first and second main working belts. When an intersection of the perpendicular line extending from a groove bottom center of a shoulder main groove to the reinforcement belt and an upper surface of the reinforcement belt is set as an origin, a ratio of a dimension from the origin to an end portion of the reinforcement belt to a half width of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than −0.07 and not larger than 0.11. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising a belt layer arranged between a carcass and a tread portion ,wherein the belt layer comprisesa first main working belt,a second main working belt arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt in a tire-radial direction, the second main working belt having a cord angle different from a cord angle of the first main working belt in a direction with respect to a tire-circumferential direction, anda reinforcement belt,a cord angle of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees,a width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than a width of a narrower one of the first and second main working belts, andwhen a perpendicular line extending from a groove bottom center of a shoulder main groove, which is a most outwardly located groove of main grooves in a tire-width direction, to the reinforcement belt is set, and an intersection of the perpendicular line and an upper surface of the reinforcement belt is set as an origin so that an outer side and an inner side in the tire-width direction are respectively defined as positive and negative, a ratio of a dimension from the origin to an end portion of the reinforcement belt to a half width of the reinforcement ...

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Номер записи: 26
02-02-2017 дата публикации

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PNEUMATIC TIRE AND PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20170028785A1
Автор: Yokomakura Seiji
Принадлежит: TOYO TIRE & RUBBER CO., LTD.

A method of manufacturing a pneumatic tire comprising a belt which is wound with a belt-under diameter D outside a carcass ply in a tire-radial direction, includes preparing a strip-like rubber-coated cord member where a plurality of belt cords which are arranged approximately parallel are coated with rubber and a width of the cord member in a lateral direction is πD sin θ. The cord member is cut at the cord angle θ with respect to a longitudinal direction to cut out a belt forming member having a parallelogram which includes circumferential direction sides extending in a tire circumferential direction in a wound state and formed as cut portions and inclined sides extending parallel to the belt cord and defined as both side portions of the cord member. The belt forming member is wound into a circular cylindrical shape and joined the inclined sides which face each other to each other. 1. A method of manufacturing a pneumatic tire comprising a belt which includes a belt cord extending in a direction inclined with respect to a tire circumferential direction at a cord angle θ and which is wound with a belt-under diameter D and disposed outside a carcass ply in a tire radial direction , the method comprising:preparing a strip-like rubber-coated cord member where a plurality of belt cords which are arranged approximately parallel to each other in a longitudinal direction are coated with rubber and a width of the strip-like rubber-coated cord member in a lateral direction is π D sin θ;cutting the strip-like rubber-coated cord member at the cord angle θ with respect to a longitudinal direction to cut out a belt forming member having a parallelogram, such that the belt forming member includes: circumferential direction sides which extend in a tire circumferential direction in a wound state and are formed as cut portions; and inclined sides which extend parallel to the belt cord and are defined as both side portions of the strip-like rubber-coated cord. member in a lateral ...

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Номер записи: 27
02-02-2017 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THEREOF

Номер: US20170028787A1
Автор: Ohta Kazuki
Принадлежит: TOYO TIRE & RUBBER CO., LTD.

A belt layer of a pneumatic tire includes a first main working belt, a second main working belt arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt in a tire-radial direction, the second main working belt having a cord angle which differs from a cord angle of the first main working belt in a direction with respect to a tire-circumferential direction, and a reinforcement belt. A cord angle of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees. a width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than a width of a narrower one of the first and second main working belts, and is equal to or wider than 30% of a periphery length of the carcass and not wider than 50% thereof. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising a belt layer arranged between a carcass and a tread portion ,wherein the belt layer comprisesa first main working belt,a second main working belt arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt in a tire-radial direction, the second main working belt having a cord angle which differs from a cord angle of the first main working belt in a direction with respect to a tire-circumferential direction, anda reinforcement belt,a cord angle of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees,a width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than a width of a narrower one of the first and second main working belts, andthe width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 30% of a periphery length of the carcass and not wider than 50% thereof.2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the reinforcement belt is arranged between the first main working belt and the second main working belt.3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the cord angles of the first and second main working belts are respectively 20±10 degrees.4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 28
02-02-2017 дата публикации

TIRE

Номер: US20170028789A1
Автор: ONUKI Atsushi
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

Provided is a tire such that both tire weight reduction and high durability can be achieved by establishing a technology capable of ensuring the sufficient effect of preventing diameter growth even when the amount of steel used in a belt layer is decreased. The tire includes: two or more crossing belt layers including rubberized layers of steel cords tilting and extending at an angle of 10° to 30° with respect to a tire equatorial plane, the rubberized layers being arranged such that the directions of the cords intersect each other; and a high-angle bell layer including a rubberized layer of steel cords tilting and extending at an angle which is 5° or more greater than the angle of the crossing belt layers. The mass of the steel cords per unit area included in the high-angle belt layer is 85% or less of the mass of the steel cords per unit area included in the crossing belt layers, and compressive rigidity per unit area in a cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the steel cords of the high-angle belt layer is greater than compressive rigidity per unit area in a cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the steel cords of the crossing belt layers. 1. A fire comprising: two or more crossing belt layers comprising rubberized layers of steel cords tilting and extending at an angle of 10° to 30° with respect to a tire equatorial plane , the rubberized layers being arranged such that the directions of the cords of at least some of the layers intersect each other; and a high-angle belt layer comprising a rubberized layer of steel cords tilting and extending at an angle which is 5° or more greater than the angle of the crossing belt layers , whereinthe mass of the steel cords per unit area included in the high-angle belt layer is 85% or less of the mass of the steel cords per unit area included in the crossing belt layers; andcompressive rigidity per unit area in a cross section orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the steel cords ...

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Номер записи: 29
09-02-2017 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20170036485A1
Автор: Mori Yosuke
Принадлежит:

A pneumatic tire includes a carcass, a tread portion and a belt layer having a first inclined belt ply, circumferential direction belt ply, and second inclined belt ply. Ground contact edge side belt plies extend from tire width direction end portions of the second inclined belt ply toward tire width direction outsides, at a tire radial direction outside of the carcass. With respect to a tire circumferential direction, an angle of cords of the first inclined belt ply is from 45° to 60°, an angle of a cord of the circumferential direction belt ply is 5° or less, an angle of cords of the second inclined belt ply is from 30° to 60°, and an angle of cords of the ground contact edge side belt plies exceeds 5° and is 30° or less. A distance dimension of the ground contact edge side belt plies is 80% or more of a ground contact width. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:a carcass that spans from one bead portion to another bead portion;a tread portion that is disposed at a tire radial direction outer side of the carcass and that contacts a road surface; and a first inclined belt ply that is disposed inside the tread portion at the tire radial direction outer side of the carcass and that includes a plurality of cords set at an angle of from 45° to 60° with respect to a tire circumferential direction,', 'a circumferential direction belt ply that is disposed at the tire radial direction outer side of the first inclined belt ply, that includes a cord wound in a spiral shape and set at an angle of 5° or less with respect to the tire circumferential direction, and that is formed with a narrower width than the first inclined belt ply,', 'a second inclined belt ply that is disposed at the tire radial direction outer side of the circumferential direction belt ply, that is inclined in an opposite direction to an inclination of the cords of the first inclined belt ply with respect to the tire circumferential direction, that includes a plurality of cords set at an angle of from 30° to 60° ...

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Номер записи: 30
08-02-2018 дата публикации

HEAVY DUTY PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20180037064A1
Автор: Ichihara Eiji
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

A belt portion of a heavy duty pneumatic tire includes a cross-laminated body in which extension directions of the cords in the belt layers next to each other in a tire radial direction intersect each other, and a parallel-laminated body in which extension directions of the cords in the belt layers next to each other in the tire radial direction are substantially parallel to each other. The parallel-laminated body is provided in the belt portion in a way that satisfies a relationship expressed with i≧n/2 where n denotes a total number of belt layers included in the belt portion, and i denotes the number of a belt layer, which is located on the inner side in the tire radial direction among the belt layers of the parallel-laminated body, when the belt layers included in the belt portion are counted from an inner side in the tire radial direction. 1. A heavy duty pneumatic tire , comprising:at least one carcass which toroidally extends between bead cores embedded respectively in a pair of bead portions; anda belt portion which is arranged outside the carcass in a tire radial direction, and which includes at least five belt layers stacked one on another in the tire radial direction, each belt layer made by covering a plurality of cords with rubber, wherein a cross-laminated body in which extension directions of the cords in the belt layers next to each other in the tire radial direction intersect each other, and', 'a parallel-laminated body in which extension directions of the cords in the belt layers next to each other in the tire radial direction are substantially parallel to each other, and, 'the belt portion includes'} n denotes a total number of the belt layers included in the belt portion, and', 'i denotes the number of a belt layer, which is located on the inner side in the tire radial direction among the belt layers of the parallel-laminated body, when the belt layers included in the belt portion are counted from an inner side in the tire radial direction., 'the ...

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Номер записи: 31
16-02-2017 дата публикации

Tire Comprising Reduced Rubber Mixture Thicknesses and Sheathed Casing Framework Reinforcement Elements

Номер: US20170043626A1
Автор: BARBARIN François, Bucher Laurent, LARDJANE Aurore, LESOEURS Philippe, Noel Sebastien, Rigo Sebastien
Принадлежит:

A tire having a radial carcass reinforcement having at least one layer of metal reinforcing elements. The tire includes a crown reinforcement, itself radially capped by a tread. The tread is connected to two beads by two sidewalls. The reinforcing elements of at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement have at least one filamentary element and at least one sheath covering the at least one filamentary element. The at least one sheath includes at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition. The thickness of rubber compound between the internal surface of the tire cavity and the point of a metal reinforcing element of the carcass reinforcement that is closest to the internal surface of the cavity is less than or equal to 3.8 mm. 1. A tire having a radial carcass reinforcement comprised of at least one layer of metal reinforcing elements , said tire comprising a crown reinforcement , itself radially capped by a tread , said tread being connected to two beads by two sidewalls , wherein the reinforcing elements of at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement are comprised of at least one filamentary element and at least one sheath covering said at least one filamentary element , said at least one sheath comprising at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition , and wherein the thickness of rubber compound between the internal surface of the tire cavity and the point of a metal reinforcing element of the carcass reinforcement that is closest to said internal surface of the cavity is less than or equal to 3.8 mm.2. The tire according to claim 1 , the rubber compound between the tire cavity and the reinforcing elements of the radially innermost carcass reinforcement layer being comprised of at least two layers of rubber compound claim 1 , wherein the radially innermost layer of rubber compound has a thickness less than 1.7 mm.3. The tire according to claim 1 , the rubber compound between the tire cavity and the reinforcing elements of the ...

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Номер записи: 32
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Truck tire

Номер: US20220063336A1
Автор: Arun Prasath MANOGARAN, Didier Winkin, Ettore PASSANTE SPACCAPIETRA, Marco Nicolo Coccon, Philippe Joseph Auguste Muller, Robert Edward Lionetti, Roland Willibrord Krier, Vaibhav Nawale
Принадлежит: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co

A pneumatic tire for use on trucks, the tire comprising: a tread which includes a belt reinforcement structure, the belt structure including a pair of working belts, wherein the angle of the working belts range from about 12 degrees to about 36 degrees, wherein a low angle belt is positioned preferably between of the working belts, wherein the angle of the low angle belt is less than 5 degrees. The working belts and the low angle belt are extensible, and preferably made of extensible wire. The pneumatic tire further includes a top protector belt made of high impact resistant steel reinforcements.

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Номер записи: 33
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Pneumatic tire

Номер: US20220063341A1
Автор: Ryoichi TOMOMATSU
Принадлежит: Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd

This pneumatic tire includes a carcass layer, a pair of cross belts disposed on an outer side of the carcass layer in a radial direction, and a tread rubber including a cap tread and an undertread that are layered, the tread rubber being disposed on the outer side of the cross belts in the radial direction. Additionally, the loss tangent tan δ_cap of the cap tread 151 at 60° C. has the relationship tan δ_ut<tan δ_cap with respect to the loss tangent tan δ_ut of the undertread 152 at 60° C. In addition, a maximum gauge UT_ce of the undertread in center land portions has the relationship 1.20≤UT_ce/UT_sh≤2.50 with respect to a maximum gauge UT_sh of the undertread in ground contact regions of shoulder land portions.

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Номер записи: 34
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Truck tire

Номер: US20220063352A1
Автор: Arun Prasath MANOGARAN, Didier Winkin, Ettore PASSANTE SPACCAPIETRA, Philippe Joseph Auguste Muller
Принадлежит: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co

A pneumatic tire for use on trucks, the tire comprising: a tread which includes a belt reinforcement structure, the belt structure including a pair of working belts, wherein the angle of the working belts range from about 10 degrees to about 50 degrees, and wherein the first working belt has an angle of the reinforcements different that the angle of the belt reinforcements of the second working belt. The belt package further includes a low angle belt that is preferably positioned between of the working belts, wherein the angle of the low angle belt is less than 5 degrees. The working belts and the low angle belt are extensible, and preferably made of high elongation wire. The pneumatic tire further includes a top protector belt made of high impact resistant steel reinforcements.

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Номер записи: 35
25-02-2016 дата публикации

Heavy load vehicle tire

Номер: US20160052345A1
Автор: Claudio Minoli, Fabio Montanaro, Tommaso Pizzomo
Принадлежит: Pirelli Tyre SpA

A tire includes: a carcass structure including at least one carcass ply, a belt structure, a tread band radially superimposed on the belt structure; two sidewalls; the belt structure including: at least one pair of lateral reinforcing layers incorporating reinforcing elements oriented in a substantially circumferential direction; a first belt layer radially superimposed on the pair of lateral reinforcing layers, provided with reinforcing elements inclined with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire; a second belt layer radially superimposed on the first belt layer, provided with reinforcing elements inclined with respect to the equatorial plane in a direction opposite to those of the first belt layer; an external belt layer applied in a radially external position with respect to the first and the second belt layers. Preferably, the tire is a super single wide base heavy load vehicle tire. The tire is particularly useful for heavy load vehicles such as, for example, trucks, trailers, or buses.

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Номер записи: 36
10-03-2022 дата публикации

TIRE TREAD BAND WITH SHIM LAYERS

Номер: US20220072908A1
Автор: Plotner Bradley S., Raje Nihar N., Rimai Benjamin E.
Принадлежит:

A non-pneumatic tire includes an inner ring having an axis of rotation and an outer ring coaxial with the inner ring. The non-pneumatic tire further includes support structure extending from the inner ring to the outer ring and a circumferential tread extending about the outer ring. The circumferential tread includes a shear element. The shear element includes a lower shim layer of solid material, an upper shim layer of solid material, and an elastic layer disposed between the lower shim layer and the upper shim layer. The elastic layer has a higher elasticity than the lower shim layer and the upper shim layer. 1. A non-pneumatic tire comprising:an inner ring having an axis of rotation;an outer ring coaxial with the inner ring;support structure extending from the inner ring to the outer ring; and wherein the shear element includes a lower shim layer, the lower shim layer being a solid layer of material,', 'wherein the shear element includes an upper shim layer, the upper shim layer being a solid layer of material, and', 'wherein the shear element includes an elastic layer disposed between the lower shim layer and the upper shim layer, the elastic layer having a higher elasticity than the lower shim layer and the upper shim layer., 'a circumferential tread extending about the outer ring, the circumferential tread including a shear element,'}2. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein the lower shim layer is constructed of steel.3. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein the upper shim layer is constructed of steel.4. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 1 , further comprising a first middle shim layer and a second middle shim layer.5. The non-pneumatic tire of claim 4 , wherein the elastic layer includes:a lower elastic layer disposed between the lower shim layer and the first middle shim layer;a middle elastic layer disposed between the first middle shim layer and the second middle shim layer; andan upper elastic layer disposed between the second middle shim layer ...

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Номер записи: 37
05-03-2015 дата публикации

Pneumatic Tire

Номер: US20150059941A1
Автор: Masakazu Niwa
Принадлежит: Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd

A pneumatic tire having a carcass layer mounted between a pair of bead portions includes belts layers disposed on an outer circumferential side of the carcass layer at a tread portion, with at least one circumferential groove is disposed in the tread portion so as to continue in the tire circumferential direction in a region on one side of the tire center line. A distance La from the tire center line to a center position of the outermost circumferential groove has a relationship of 0.50×L≦La≦0.80×L with respect to a tread half-width L from the tire center line to the outer edge position of the tread portion.

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Номер записи: 38
03-03-2016 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20160059631A1
Автор: OKAZAKI Naoto
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

A pneumatic tire including: on a tread of the tire, inclined belt layer and circumferential belt layer; and on the tread surface, a plurality of circumferential grooves extending in the tread circumferential direction, and shoulder land portions partitioned between the circumferential grooves located outermost in the tire width direction and tread ground contact ends. Positions of the tread surface that correspond to the outermost ends of the circumferential belt layer in the tire width direction are within the shoulder land portions, and the distance in the tire width direction between the outermost ends in the tire width direction of the circumferential belt layer and tire equator side ends of the shoulder land portions is 12% or more and 22% or less of a half of the width of the circumferential belt layer in tire width direction. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:on a tread of the tire, at least one inclined belt layer obtained by rubber-coating a plurality of cords that are extended and inclined with respect to the tread circumferential direction and are arranged parallel to one another, and at least one circumferential belt layer obtained by rubber-coating a plurality of cords that are extended in the tread circumferential direction and are arranged parallel to one another, the circumferential belt layer being located on the inner side of the inclined belt layer in the tire radial direction; andon the tread surface, a plurality of circumferential grooves extending in the tread circumferential direction, and shoulder land portions partitioned between the circumferential grooves located outermost in the tire width direction and tread ground contact ends,wherein positions of the tread surface that correspond to the outermost ends of the circumferential belt layer in the tire width direction are within the shoulder land portions, andthe distance in the tire width direction between the outermost ends in the tire width direction of the circumferential belt layer and ...

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Номер записи: 39
01-03-2018 дата публикации

Crown reinforcement for a tire for a heavy-duty civil engineering vehicle

Номер: US20180056723A1
Автор: Alain Domingo
Принадлежит: Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA

A tire for a heavy construction-type vehicle includes a tread, a radial carcass reinforcement, and a crown reinforcement. The crown reinforcement includes a working reinforcement and a hoop reinforcement. The working reinforcement includes two working layers, each of which includes inelastic metallic reinforcers that are crossed from one layer to a next layer and that make an angle in a range of from 15° to 40° with respect to a circumferential direction. The hoop reinforcement, which is a ply that is wound circumferentially to form a radial stack of at least two hooping layers, includes circumferential elastic metallic reinforcers that make an angle equal to at most 2.5° with respect to the circumferential direction. The hoop reinforcement is radially positioned between the working layers, and the circumferential metallic reinforcers of the hoop reinforcement have a force at break equal to at least 800 daN.

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Номер записи: 40
20-02-2020 дата публикации

Pneumatic vehicle tyre with a belt ply having steel monofilaments

Номер: US20200055342A1
Автор: Novosad Lubos, Palvras Joana, Werner Viktoria
Принадлежит: CONTINENTAL REIFEN DEUTSCHLAND GMBH

The invention relates to a pneumatic vehicle tire having two or more belt plies which have reinforcement members crossing one another at an angle, wherein the reinforcement members within each belt ply are arranged substantially parallel to and spaced apart from one another and are embedded in rubber material, wherein the belt has at least one first belt ply, the reinforcement members of which are formed by steel monofilaments of the reinforcement member class Ultra-Tensile (UT) with in each case a tensile strength of 3080 N/mmto 4190 N/mm, wherein the steel monofilaments have a diameter D of 0.33 mm to 0.37 mm. It is the object of the invention to provide, at lower cost, a pneumatic vehicle tyre with low rolling resistance, by way of simultaneously simplified production. This is achieved in that the steel monofilaments have a torsion value of approximately zero windings in the case of a length dimension of 200 times the diameter of the steel monofilament. 111-. (canceled)12. A pneumatic vehicle tire comprising a belt having two or more belt plies which have reinforcement members crossing one another at an angle , wherein the reinforcement members within each belt ply are arranged substantially parallel to and spaced apart from one another and are embedded in rubber material;{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein the belt has at least one first belt ply, the reinforcement members of which are formed by steel monofilaments of the reinforcement member class Ultra-Tensile (UT) with in each case a tensile strength of 3080 N/mmto 4190 N/mm, wherein the steel monofilaments have a diameter D of 0.33 mm to 0.37 mm; and,'}wherein the steel monofilaments have a torsion value of approximately zero windings in the case of a length dimension of 200 times the diameter of the steel monofilament.13. The pneumatic vehicle tire as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the diameter D is 0.34 mm to 0.36 mm.14. The pneumatic vehicle tire as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the diameter D is 0.35 mm.15. The ...

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Номер записи: 41
20-02-2020 дата публикации

Pneumatic vehicle tyre with a belt ply having steel reinforcing elements

Номер: US20200055343A1
Автор: Novosad Lubos, Palavras Joana, Randova Alexandra, Werner Viktoria
Принадлежит: CONTINENTAL REIFEN DEUTSCHLAND GMBH

Pneumatic vehicle tire having two or more belt plies which have reinforcement members crossing one another at an angle, wherein the reinforcement members within each belt ply are arranged substantially parallel to and spaced apart from one another and are embedded in rubber material, wherein the belt has at least one first belt ply, the reinforcement members of which are formed by steel cords composed of two twisted-together steel monofilaments, wherein the steel falls within the reinforcement member class Ultra-Tensile (UT) with in each case a tensile strength of 3185 N/mmto 3920 N/mm. It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a pneumatic vehicle tyre with low rolling resistance and simultaneously good handling properties. The object is achieved in that the first belt ply, at a predefined elongation of 1% in the direction of the reinforcement member longitudinal extent, has a stress of 26000 N per dm width to 43000 N per dm width. 111.-. (canceled)12. A pneumatic vehicle tire having two or more belt plies which have reinforcement members crossing one another at an angle , wherein the reinforcement members within each belt ply are arranged substantially parallel to and spaced apart from one another and are embedded in rubber material;{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein the belt has at least one first belt ply, the reinforcement members of which are formed by steel cords composed of two twisted-together steel monofilaments, wherein the steel falls within the reinforcement member class Ultra-Tensile (UT) with in each case a tensile strength of 3185 N/mmto 3920 N/mm; and,'}wherein the first belt ply, at a predefined elongation of 1% in the direction of the reinforcement member longitudinal extent, has a stress of 26000 N per dm width to 43000 N per dm width.13. The pneumatic vehicle tire as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the diameter D amounts to 0.31 mm to 0.36 mm.14. The pneumatic vehicle tire as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the diameter D amounts to 0.31 mm to 0. ...

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Номер записи: 42
10-03-2016 дата публикации

Pneumatic Tire

Номер: US20160068018A1
Автор: Toshiyuki Sato
Принадлежит: Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd

A pneumatic tire ( 1 ), wherein an inter-cord distance (Gcl) between a circumferential reinforcing layer ( 145 ) and an inner-side belt ply ( 142 ) at a tire equatorial plane (CL), an inter-cord distance (Gcu) between the circumferential reinforcing layer ( 145 ) and an outer-side belt ply ( 143 ) at the tire equatorial plane (CL), an inter-cord distance (Gsl) between the circumferential reinforcing layer ( 145 ) and the inner-side belt ply ( 142 ) at end regions of the circumferential reinforcing layer ( 145 ), an inter-cord distance (Gsu) between the circumferential reinforcing layer ( 145 ) and the outer-side belt ply ( 143 ) at the end regions of the circumferential reinforcing layer ( 145 ) have a relationship such that 1.20≦(Gcl+Gcu)/(Gsl+Gsu)≦9.20.

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Номер записи: 43
10-03-2016 дата публикации

AIRCRAFT PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20160068019A1
Автор: KATO Kenshirou, TAKANAMI Takeshi
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

An object is to improve durability without increasing the tire mass. 1. An aircraft pneumatic tire , comprising:a carcass ply that straddles between a pair of bead portions;an inside belt layer that is provided at a tire radial direction outer side of a crown portion of the carcass ply;an outside belt layer that is provided at a tire radial direction outer side of the inside belt layer and that is configured by a cord of cord configuration elements that have been twisted together;a belt protection layer that is provided at a tire radial direction outer side of the outside belt layer and that is configured by a cord of cord configuration elements that have been twisted together; anda low elasticity portion that is provided at at least one of the cord of the belt protection layer or the cord of the outside belt layer, and that has a lower elasticity than other length direction portions of the cord.2. The aircraft pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein the position of the low elasticity portion in a cord length direction differs in adjacent cords.3. The aircraft pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein:at least one of the belt protection layer or the outside belt layer is provided with a low elasticity region at which the low elasticity portions are concentrated; anda plurality of the low elasticity regions are provided at intervals in a tire circumferential direction.4. The aircraft pneumatic tire of claim 3 , wherein the low elasticity region is formed in a belt shape and extends continuously or intermittently in parallel to a tire width direction claim 3 , or in a direction oblique to the tire width direction.5. The aircraft pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein the low elasticity portion is configured by forming a hole along a diameter direction of the cord.6. The aircraft pneumatic tire of claim 5 , wherein the size of the hole is less than the diameter of the cord.7. The aircraft pneumatic tire of claim 5 , wherein the size of the hole is half the diameter of the cord ...

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Номер записи: 44
11-03-2021 дата публикации

NON-PNEUMATIC WHEEL COMPRISING A CIRCUMFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT STRUCTURE

Номер: US20210070106A1
Автор: CAREME Christopher, Merino Lopez Jose, PINEAU Jacky, Rhyne Timothy Brett
Принадлежит:

Non-pneumatic wheel () with an annular reinforcing structure () produced from at least one elastomer compound, arranged radially on the inside of a tread (), the structure () having a plurality of reinforcing strips () arranged in layers, the strips () of each of the layers being arranged in juxtaposition in a substantially circumferential direction, the strips being coated with an elastomer composition (), the structure () made of at least three layers of strips (), wherein the strips are formed of a laminate of at least two composite layers, each composite layer has fibres coated in a polymer matrix, the fibres making an angle α with the circumferential direction, the difference in values of the said angles from one layer to the next being approximately 90°. 1. A non-pneumatic wheel comprising an annular reinforcing structure produced from at least one elastomer compound , arranged radially on the inside of a tread , the annular reinforcing structure comprising a plurality of reinforcing strips arranged in layers , the strips of each of the layers being arranged in juxtaposition in a substantially circumferential direction , the strips being coated with an elastomer composition , the annular reinforcing structure comprising at least three layers of strips , wherein the reinforcing strips are formed of a laminate of at least two composite layers , each laminated composite layer comprising fibres coated in a polymer matrix , the fibres making an angle α with the circumferential direction , the value of the angles being a non-zero value at least for one of the angles , and that the limit values are −90° and +90°.2. The non-pneumatic wheel according to claim 1 , wherein the angles α on two adjacent layers have opposite signs.3. The non-pneumatic wheel according to claim 1 , wherein the laminate comprises:n interior composite layers having fibres of which the angle with the circumferential direction is 0°, n being a number greater than or equal to 1, these interior ...

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Номер записи: 45
17-03-2016 дата публикации

AIRCRAFT TIRE

Номер: US20160075181A1
Автор: SAKIYAMA Tomotaka
Принадлежит:

In order to suppress the dimensions and mass of an aircraft tire from becoming uneven around the tire circumferential direction, an aircraft tire includes: a belt layer provided further to a tire radial direction outside than a carcass; and a sheet shaped belt protection member that is wound around a tire circumferential direction TC between a tread section and the belt layer, and that includes incision portions incised along a tire width direction TW, with the incision portions formed at uniform intervals around the tire circumferential direction TC. 1. An aircraft tire comprising:a belt layer provided further to a tire radial direction outside than a carcass; anda sheet shaped belt protection member that is wound around a tire circumferential direction between a tread section and the belt layer, and that includes incision portions incised along a tire width direction, with the incision portions formed at uniform intervals around the tire circumferential direction.2. The aircraft tire of claim 1 , wherein: 'the belt protection member is incised at the same width as the land portion.', 'the tread portion includes a land portion demarcated by a plurality of circumferential direction grooves extending around the tire circumferential direction; and'}3. The aircraft tire of claim 2 , wherein:the tread portion includes a plurality of the land portions; andthe belt protection member is incised at different positions around the tire circumferential direction at positions inside adjacent land portions.4. The aircraft tire of claim 3 , wherein the belt protection member is incised at a narrower pitch around the tire circumferential direction at positions within a wide land portion than where the belt protection member is positioned facing a narrow land portion.5. The aircraft tire of claim 1 , wherein the belt protection member includes a plurality of wave-shaped cords extending in a wave shape with an amplitude direction in the tire width direction. The present invention ...

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Номер записи: 46
17-03-2016 дата публикации

TIRE

Номер: US20160075182A1
Автор: Machida Kunio
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

A tire () including: a circular tire frame () formed from a resin material; and a reinforcing metal cord member () that is wound on an outer circumference of the tire frame (), at least a portion of the reinforcing metal cord member () being covered, via an adhesion layer including a solvent-based adhesive, with a covering composition that includes at least one thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic elastomer. 1. A tire comprising:a circular tire frame formed from a resin material; anda reinforcing metal cord member that is wound on an outer circumference of the tire frame, at least a portion of the reinforcing metal cord member being covered, via an adhesion layer including a solvent-based adhesive, with a covering composition that comprises at least one thermoplastic material selected from the group consisting of a thermoplastic resin and a thermoplastic elastomer.2. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the solvent-based adhesive comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an epoxy-based resin claim 1 , a phenol-based resin claim 1 , an olefin-based resin claim 1 , and a vinyl-based resin.3. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material included in the covering composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyamide-based thermoplastic resin claim 1 , a polyester-based thermoplastic resin claim 1 , a polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer claim 1 , and a polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer.4. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic material included in the covering composition is at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomer and a polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer.5. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the solvent-based adhesive comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an epoxy-based resin and a phenol-based resin.6. The tire of claim 1 , wherein the resin material that forms the ...

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Номер записи: 47
24-03-2022 дата публикации

RUN-FLAT TIRE

Номер: US20220088973A1
Автор: KATAYAMA Masahiro
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

A run-flat tire has a belt-end reinforcing layer provided between the tread portion and a width outside end of the belt layer, and formed of a resin material. The belt-end reinforcing layer is annular along a tire circumferential direction, has a predetermined width along the tire width direction, and is provided in the tire width direction so as to cover a radial outside end of a side reinforcing rubber and a width outside end of the belt layer. 1: A run-flat tire comprising:a tread portion in contact with a road surface;a belt layer provided inside a tire radial direction of the tread portion;a tire side portion continuous to the tread portion and positioned inside in the tire radial direction of the tread portion;a side reinforcing rubber provided in the tire side portion, wherein the fun-flat tire comprises a belt-end reinforcing layer formed of a resin material and provided between the tread portion and outside end in the tire width direction of the belt layer, whereinthe belt-end reinforcing layer has an annular shape along a tire circumferential direction and has a predetermined width along the tire width direction, andin the tire width direction, the belt-end reinforcing layer is provided so as to cover an outside end in the tire radial direction of the side reinforcing rubber and an outside end in the tire width direction of the belt layer.2: The run-flat tire according to claim 1 , wherein the side reinforcing rubber and the belt layer have overlapping portion in the tire width direction andthe belt-end reinforcing layer is provided to cover the overlapping portion.3: The run-flat tire according to claim 1 , wherein the belt layer is a belt having a circumferential cord extending along the tire circumferential direction coated with a resin material.4: The run-flat tire according to claim 1 , wherein the belt layer is a pair of crossing belts having belt cords crossing each other.5: The run-flat tire according to claim 1 , comprising a resin reinforcing ...

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Номер записи: 48
14-03-2019 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20190077196A1
Автор: ISAKA Wataru
Принадлежит: SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD.

A pneumatic tire comprises a belt layer disposed in the tread portion. The average cord angle θn and average cord count Nn of the belt layer are constant or gradually increases or decreases from a center position to shoulder positions. The ratio θns/θnc of the average cord angle θns at the shoulder positions to the average cord angle θnc at the center position is 1.30 or less. The ratio Nns/Nnc of the average cord count Nns at the shoulder positions to the average cord count Nnc in the center position is 0.77 or more. 2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , whereinthe ratio Nns/Nnc is 0.80 or more.3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , whereinthe ratio θns/θnc is 1.20 or less.4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2 , whereinthe ratio θns/θnc is 1.20 or less.5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , whereinthe average cord count Nn is gradually increased from the center position to the shoulder positions.6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2 , whereinthe average cord count Nn is gradually increased from the center position to the shoulder positions.7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3 , whereinthe average cord count Nn is gradually increased from the center position to the shoulder positions.8. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , whereinthe average cord angle θn is gradually decreased from the center position to the shoulder position.9. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2 , whereinthe average cord angle θn is gradually decreased from the center position to the shoulder position.10. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3 , whereinthe average cord angle θn is gradually decreased from the center position to the shoulder position.11. The pneumatic tire according to claim 5 , whereinthe average cord angle θn is gradually decreased from the center position to the shoulder position.12. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , whereinthe ratio θns/θnc is 1.00 or less, and the ratio Nns/Nnc is 1.20 or more.13. The pneumatic tire ...

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Номер записи: 49
12-03-2020 дата публикации

Tire Crown For A Heavy Duty Civil Engineering Vehicle

Номер: US20200079154A1
Автор: Domingo Alain, SPINNLER OLIVIER
Принадлежит:

Crown of a tire for a heavy vehicle that is desensitized to attacks. The tire () comprises tread () having a median degree of surface siping TL, expressed in m/m, equal to the ratio between the cumulative length Lof the cuts (), present in a median portion of tread of axial width W, and the median area Aof the radially outer surface () of the tread (), and protective reinforcement () comprising at least two protective layers () that are formed of elastic metallic reinforcers and have a maximum breaking strength R, expressed in daN/m, such that the median degree of surface siping TLof tread () is at least equal to 5 m/mand a coupling ratio C, equal to the ratio between the maximum breaking strength Rand the median degree of surface siping TL, is at least equal to daN. 1. A fire for a heavy vehicle of construction plant type , comprising a tread and a crown reinforcement radially on the inside of the tread;{'sub': T', 'D', 'D, 'the tread, having a radial thickness Hat least equal to 60 mm, comprising cuts having a radial depth Hand a width W, and elements in relief separated by the cuts;'}{'sub': D', 'T', 'D, 'at least some of the cuts, referred to as effective cuts, having a radial depth Hat least equal to 50% of the radial thickness Hand a width Wat most equal to 20% of the radial depth,'}the crown reinforcement comprising a protective reinforcement, a working reinforcement and a hoop reinforcement;{'sub': C', 'max, 'the protective reinforcement, which is radially outermost, comprising two protective layers, in contact with one another over a median axial width W, comprising elastic metallic reinforcers, that form an angle of between 15° and 45° with the a circumferential direction, each said protective layer having a breaking strength R per unit of layer width, expressed in daN/m, Rbeing the maximum value of the breaking strengths R of the protective layers;'}the working reinforcement comprising at least two working layers, comprising inextensible metallic ...

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Номер записи: 50
21-03-2019 дата публикации

Tire Carcass Reinforcement For A Two-Wheeled Vehicle

Номер: US20190084357A1
Автор: Bouchet Romain, GUICHERD Charles, LAURENT Christopher, PRECIGOUT Mickaël
Принадлежит: COMPAGNIE GENERALE DES ETABLISSEMENTS MICHELIN

Tire for a two-wheeled motorized vehicle of the motorcycle type, comprising a tread (), of width L, joined by two sidewalls () to two beads (), said tread comprising first and second elastomer compositions, crown reinforcement (), radially inside tread () comprising a crown layer comprising mutually parallel circumferential reinforcers coated with an elastomer composition and forming a substantially zero angle and at most equal to 5° to the circumferential direction, a carcass reinforcement (), radially inside crown reinforcement (), comprising turnup () and having thickness M. Carcass reinforcement () comprises mutually parallel reinforcers coated with an elastomer composition, and wrapped, in each bead (), from the inside to the outside of the tire, about bead wire () in order to form turnup () comprising free end E. Carcass reinforcement () comprises crown portion () and lateral portion (), crown portion () extending axially between first and second ends E, E′, Eand E′being symmetric to equatorial plane P of the tire, lateral portion () extending symmetrically to equatorial plane P radially towards the inside, from radially outermost end Eto fourth end Edisposed at the bead wire. 1. A tire for a two-wheeled motorized vehicle of the motorcycle type , comprising:a a tread, of half-width L, that is joined by two sidewalls to two beads, said tread comprising a first elastomer composition and a second elastomer composition,b a crown reinforcement, radially inside the tread, comprising a crown layer comprising mutually parallel circumferential reinforcers that are coated with an elastomer composition and form an angle that is substantially zero and at most equal to 5° with respect to the circumferential direction,c a carcass reinforcement, radially inside the crown reinforcement, comprising a turnup and having a thickness M,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the carcass reinforcement comprises mutually parallel reinforcers that are coated with an elastomer composition, and being ...

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Номер записи: 51
30-03-2017 дата публикации

Vehicle Pneumatic Tyre

Номер: US20170087939A1
Автор: Gehlauf Matthias, Lacko Michal, Wachmann Fabian
Принадлежит: CONTINENTAL REIFEN DEUTSCHLAND GMBH

Vehicle pneumatic tyre for utility vehicles having a carcass (), having a belt () which is built up radially outside the carcass () and having a profiled tread () which is built up on the belt (), radially outside the belt (), wherein the belt () is formed from at least four belt layers () arranged lying one on the other from radially on the inside to radially on the outside, wherein the first belt layer () which is arranged furthest on the inside in the radial direction R is embodied with parallel strength members () embedded in rubber, the second belt layer () which is arranged on the first belt layer () is embodied with parallel strength members () embedded in rubber, the third belt layer () arranged on the second belt layer () is embodied with parallel strength members () embedded in rubber, and the fourth belt layer () arranged on the third belt layer () is embodied with parallel strength members () embedded in rubber, characterized in that the third belt layer () and the fourth belt layer () are working layers in which the strength members () of the third belt layer () enclose in their orientation an angle α with respect to the circumferential direction U where 10°<α<45° and the strength members () of the fourth belt layer () enclose in their orientation in each case an angle γ with respect to the circumferential direction U where 10°<γ<45°, wherein, when viewed in the circumferential direction U of the vehicle tyre, the strength members () of the third belt layer () have an opposed axial direction of inclination to that of the strength members () of the fourth belt layer (), in that the strength members () of the first belt layer () enclose in their orientation an angle β with respect to the circumferential direction U where 0°<β<5°, and the strength members () of the second belt layer () enclose in their orientation an angle ε with respect to the circumferential direction U where 40°<ε<75. 113.-. (canceled)15. The pneumatic vehicle tire as claimed in claim ...

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Номер записи: 52
05-05-2022 дата публикации

Vehicle Tire Comprising a Stiffening Structure

Номер: US20220134805A1
Автор: CORNILLE RICHARD, LACHAL Florian, PATAUT GAEL, Perrin Frédéric, REIX Olivier
Принадлежит:

A tire () for an agricultural vehicle, having a crown reinforcement (), with at least two crown layers (), each having metal reinforcers which are coated in an elastomer material. Any metal reinforcer of a crown layer () has a law, known as a bi-modulus law, governing its elastic behaviour under tension, comprising a first portion having a first extension modulus MG at most equal to 30 GPa, and a second portion having a second extension modulus MG at least equal to 2 times the first extension modulus MG, and any metal reinforcer of a crown layer () has a law governing its behaviour under compression that is characterized by a critical buckling strain EU at least equal to 3%.

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Номер записи: 53
05-04-2018 дата публикации

Tire Reinforcing Ply

Номер: US20180093532A1
Автор: Bestgen Luc, Le Clerc Christophe, PINEAU Jacky
Принадлежит:

A passenger vehicle tire having hooping layer () that has a force at break FR per mm of axial width of the hooping layer at least equal to 35 daN/mm and has a secant extension modulus MA at least equal to 250 daN/mm, for an applied force F equal to 15% of FR. Working reinforcement () comprises a single working layer () the working reinforcers of which form, with the circumferential direction (YY′), an angle Aat least equal to 30° and at most equal to 50°. The carcass reinforcers of the at least one carcass layer () form, with the circumferential direction (YY′) and in the equatorial plane (XZ), an angle Aat least equal to 55° and at most equal to 80° and having an orientation opposite of that of angle Aof the working reinforcers so that the carcass reinforcers and the working reinforcers constitute a triangulation. 1. A fire for a passenger vehicle , comprising:a tread intended to come into contact with the ground and connected, at its axial ends, radially towards the inside, via two sidewalls, to two beads adapted to come into contact with a rim;{'sub': 'T', 'a working reinforcement, radially on the inside of the tread, and comprising at least one working layer comprising metal working reinforcers coated in an elastomeric material, said working reinforcers forming, with a circumferential direction of the tire, an angle Aat least equal to 10°;'}{'sub': 'F', 'a hoop reinforcement, radially on the inside of the tread, and radially adjacent to the working reinforcement, and comprising a single hooping layer comprising hoop reinforcers coated in an elastomeric material, the said hoop reinforcers forming, with the circumferential direction, an angle Aat most equal to 5°;'}{'sub': 'C1', 'a carcass reinforcement, joining the two beads together, radially on the inside of the working reinforcement and of the hoop reinforcement, and comprising at least one carcass layer comprising textile carcass reinforcers coated in an elastomeric material, said carcass reinforcers forming, ...

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Номер записи: 54
16-04-2015 дата публикации

Pneumatic Tire

Номер: US20150101727A1
Автор: HAMANAKA Hideki
Принадлежит: THE YOKOHAMA RUBBER CO., LTD.

A pneumatic tire comprises a carcass layer, a belt layer disposed on an outer side of the carcass layer in a tire radial direction, and a tread rubber disposed on the outer side of the belt layer in the tire radial direction. The belt layer formed by laminating an angle belt having a belt angle≧45° and ≦70° in absolute values, a pair of cross belts, having belt angles of ≧10° and ≦45° in absolute values and having belt angles of mutually opposite signs, and a circumferential reinforcing layer having a belt angle within a range of ±5° with respect to a tire circumferential direction. A tread width TW and a total tire width SW such that 0.79≦TW/SW≦0.89. A width Ws of the circumferential reinforcing layer and a cross-sectional width Wca of the carcass layer such that 0.60≦Ws/Wca≦0.70. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising a carcass layer , a belt layer disposed on an outer side of the carcass layer in a tire radial direction , and a tread rubber disposed on the outer side of the belt layer in the tire radial direction , whereinthe belt layer is formed by laminating a large angle belt having a belt angle of not less than 45° and not more than 70° in absolute values, a pair of cross belts having belt angles of not less than 10° and not more than 45° in absolute values and having belt angles of mutually opposite signs, and a circumferential reinforcing layer having a belt angle within a range of ±5° with respect to a tire circumferential direction,a tread width TW and a total tire width SW have a relationship such that 0.79≦TW/SW≦0.89, anda width Ws of the circumferential reinforcing layer and a cross-sectional width Wca of the carcass layer have a relationship such that 0.60≦Ws/Wca≦0.70.2. A pneumatic tire comprising a carcass layer , a belt layer disposed on an outer side of the carcass layer in a tire radial direction , and a tread rubber disposed on the outer side of the belt layer in the tire radial direction , whereinthe belt layer is formed by laminating a large angle ...

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Номер записи: 55
13-04-2017 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE, AND PNEUMATIC TIRE PRODUCTION METHOD

Номер: US20170100964A1
Автор: Mori Koji
Принадлежит: SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD.

In a tire having a belt ply that is formed from ply strips arranged at intervals in the tire circumferential direction, in order to prevent deterioration in durability when high modulus organic fibers are used in a band cord, said tire is provided with a belt layer comprising a belt ply, and a band layer comprising a band ply positioned to the outside of the belt layer in the radial direction. The belt ply is formed by a plurality of ply strips, which are narrow and have a prescribed length, arranged side-by-side with intervals therebetween in the tire circumferential direction. The band ply is formed by a ply tape, which is narrow and long, wound spirally in the tire circumferential direction. The band cord comprises a composite cord in which first strands, which comprise high modulus organic fibers, and second strands, which comprise low modulus organic fibers and are narrower than the first strands, are twisted together. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:a carcass extending between bead portions through a tread portion and sidewall portions, a belt layer comprising a belt ply disposed radially outward of the carcass in the tread portion and a band layer comprising a band ply disposed radially outward of the belt layer;the belt ply being formed of a plurality of narrow rectangular ply pieces spaced from one another in a circumferential direction of the tire, each of the rectangular ply pieces having a certain length and comprising an arrangement body of a plurality of belt cords covered with rubber; andthe band ply being formed of a narrow ribbon shaped ply tape wound spirally in the circumferential direction of the tire, the ply tape comprising at least one band cord covered with rubber, the band cord comprising a composite cord that comprises a first strand and a second strand which are twisted together, wherein the first strand is made of high modulus organic fibers, and wherein the second strand is made of low modulus organic fibers and is finer than the first ...

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Номер записи: 56
02-06-2022 дата публикации

Hybrid cord and tyre with such cord

Номер: US20220169078A1
Автор: Barbara Rampana, Guido Luigi Daghini, Simone Agresti
Принадлежит: Pirelli Tyre SpA

A tyre for vehicle wheels comprises a support structure and a tread band arranged in a radially outer position with respect to the support structure. The support structure comprises a plurality of hybrid reinforcing cords (10) each having a plurality of monofilament textile wires (20) twisted to at least one multifilament textile yarn (30). In any cross section of the hybrid reinforcing cord (10), at least one portion of at least one monofilament textile wire (20) of said plurality of monofilament textile wires (20) defines a first radially outer surface portion of the hybrid reinforcing cord (10) and at least one portion of said at least one multifilament textile yarn (30) defines a second radially outer surface portion of the hybrid reinforcing cord (10).

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Номер записи: 57
02-06-2022 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20220169079A1
Автор: Kuninaka Mizuki
Принадлежит:

In a pneumatic tire, a tread average thickness A in a tire width direction region of a center land portion where a center cover layer is disposed, a tread average thickness B in a tire width direction region of the center land portion where the center cover layer is not disposed, and a tread average thickness C in tire width direction regions where second land portions located further on an outer side than the center land portion in a tire width direction and adjacent to the center land portion are defined and formed satisfy a relationship A Подробнее

Номер записи: 58
21-04-2016 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC VEHICLE TIRE

Номер: US20160107487A1
Автор: Keathley Alexis, Meyer Hendrik, Rajan Vipin
Принадлежит:

A pneumatic vehicle tire has a radial configuration and includes a belt assembly having at least three plies including two working plies and a protective ply arranged radially outwardly with respect to the two working plies. Each of the three plies has reinforcements and each of the reinforcements includes at least one steel filament. The reinforcements of each of the plies are arranged mutually parallel and spaced from each other. The steel filaments have a filament diameter in a range of 0.10 mm to 0.35 mm. The reinforcements have a reinforcement diameter in a range of 0.20 to 0.85 mm. The reinforcements of the protective ply have a rupture strength lying in a range of 15 kN/dm to 95 kN/dm and the reinforcements of the protective ply are arranged in the protective ply with a density in a range of 50 to 120 ends per decimeter. 1. A pneumatic vehicle tire having a radial configuration , the pneumatic vehicle tire comprising:a belt assembly having at least three plies including two working plies and a protective ply arranged radially outwardly with respect to said two working plies;each of said at least three plies having reinforcements;each of said reinforcements including at least one steel filament;said reinforcements of each of said plies being arranged mutually parallel and mutually spaced from each other;said steel filaments of said reinforcements of said protective ply having a filament diameter lying in a range of 0.10 mm to 0.35 mm;said reinforcements having a reinforcement diameter lying in a range of 0.20 to 0.85 mm;said reinforcements of said protective ply having a rupture strength lying in a range of 15 kN/dm to 95 kN/dm; and,said reinforcements of said protective ply being arranged in said protective ply with a density lying in a range of 50 to 120 ends per decimeter.2. The pneumatic vehicle tire of claim 1 , wherein said reinforcements of said protective ply are monofilaments having a construction of 1×0.30 and are arranged in said protective ply with ...

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Номер записи: 59
19-04-2018 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20180104990A1
Автор: Kobayashi Hiroyuki
Принадлежит: SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD.

In a tire , a band has a jointless structure. A reinforcing layer is layered over the band from a radially outer side of the band . In the reinforcing layer , a reinforcing cord is extended alternately on and between one end portion of the band and the other end portion of the band , so as to extend in the circumferential direction. A direction in which the reinforcing cord extends is tilted relative to the circumferential direction between one of ends of the band and the other of the ends of the band . An absolute value of an angle of the reinforcing cord relative to the circumferential direction is greater than or equal to 70°. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising:a tread;a pair of beads;a carcass;a band; anda reinforcing layer, whereineach of the beads is disposed inward of the tread in a radial direction,the carcass has a radial structure, and is extended on and between one of the beads and the other of the beads;the band is disposed between the tread and the carcass in the radial direction, and the band includes a band cord that is helically wound;the reinforcing layer is layered over the band from a radially outer side of the band, and the reinforcing layer is formed from a ribbon that is wound at least once in a circumferential direction, and the ribbon includes a reinforcing cord,in the reinforcing layer, the reinforcing cord is extended alternately on and between one end portion of the band and the other end portion of the band, so as to extend in the circumferential direction,a direction in which the reinforcing cord extends is tilted relative to the circumferential direction between one of ends of the band and the other of the ends of the band, andan absolute value of an angle of the reinforcing cord relative to the circumferential direction is greater than or equal to 70°.2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the absolute value of the angle of the reinforcing cord relative to the circumferential direction is not greater than 89°.3. The pneumatic ...

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Номер записи: 60
02-04-2020 дата публикации

MANUFACTURING METHOD OF PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20200101684A1
Автор: Kon Seiji, Kouno Yoshihide
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

A manufacturing method of a pneumatic tire of the present disclosure is a manufacturing method of a pneumatic tire to manufacture the pneumatic tire comprising a resin-coated belt comprising a wire coated with a coating resin, the pneumatic tire comprises a base ring that comes in contact with a tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt on an inner side of the resin-coated belt in a tire radial direction, and the manufacturing method comprises a base ring forming step of winding a ribbon member about a tire axis, to form the base ring. 1. A manufacturing method of a pneumatic tire to manufacture the pneumatic tire comprising a resin-coated belt comprising a wire coated with a coating resin ,the pneumatic tire comprising a base ring that comes in contact with a tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt on an inner side of the resin-coated belt in a tire radial direction,the manufacturing method comprising a base ring forming step of winding a ribbon member about a tire axis, to form the base ring.2. The manufacturing method of the pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the base ring is made of a resin. The present disclosure relates to a manufacturing method of a pneumatic tire.Heretofore, in a pneumatic tire, a belt has been usually disposed on an outer side of a carcass in a tire radial direction to exert a hoop effect of fastening the carcass and to heighten a rigidity of a tread (e.g., Patent Literature 1).In recent years, demand for weight reduction of a tire has risen, and it has therefore been suggested that a wire coated with a coating resin is used as a belt. By use of such a resin-coated belt, the above function of the belt can be exerted while achieving the weight reduction, because the resin has a high rigidity for its weight.PTL 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1998-035220In a case where a resin-coated belt is used in a pneumatic tire, however, a tire circumferential rigidity sharply changes in a tire width direction and a ...

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Номер записи: 61
18-04-2019 дата публикации

TIRE

Номер: US20190111735A1
Автор: FUJISAWA Koji, MATSUOKA Akifumi, SAITO Kazuhiko, SUZUKI Masumi, TAKAMURA Shinei
Принадлежит:

Provided is a tire that is lightweight and excellent in riding characteristics while suppressing an increase in cost. 1. A tire comprising a plurality of belt layers superimposed in a radial direction ,wherein the belt layers include a plurality of steel cords arranged in parallel in a row and rubber that covers the steel cords, andwherein the steel cords have a 1×4 structure in which four filaments are twisted, and when a center-to-center distance between the steel cords in at least two of the belt layers adjacent in the radial direction is T, and an average diameter of virtual circumscribed circles of the steel cords is D, T/D is greater than or equal to 1.25 and less than or equal to 2.25.2. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the average diameter D is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 1.5 mm.3. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the center-to-center distance T is greater than or equal to 0.4 mm and less than or equal to 1.6 mm.4. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein rubber elastic modulus E* is greater than or equal to 5 MPa and less than or equal to 20 MPa.5. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein a cord breaking load×ends is greater than or equal to 15 claim 1 ,000 N and less than or equal to 40 claim 1 ,000 N.6. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in a cross-sectional view of a plane perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the steel cords claim 1 , a central portion surrounded by the four filaments is filled with the rubber.7. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in at least one filament of the four filaments claim 1 , bent portions and non-bent portions are repeatedly formed along a longitudinal direction of the filament.8. The tire according to claim 7 , wherein a repetition pitch of the bent portions and the non-bent portions of the filament is greater than or equal to 2.2 mm and less than or equal to 7.0 mm.9. The tire according to claim 7 ,wherein when the filament is placed on a plane, ...

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Номер записи: 62
03-05-2018 дата публикации

Tire Reinforcement

Номер: US20180117970A1
Автор: CORNILLE RICHARD, Le Clerc Christophe, PINEAU Jacky
Принадлежит:

Hooping layer () of a passenger vehicle tire has a force at break FR per mm of axial width of the hooping layer at least equal to 35 daN/mm, an elongation at break AR at least equal to 5%, and a secant extension modulus MA at least equal to 250 daN/mm, for an applied force F equal to 15% of FR. Working reinforcement () comprises single working layer () the working reinforcers of which form, with circumferential direction (YY′), an angle Aat least equal to 30° and at most equal to 50°. The carcass reinforcers of at least one carcass layer () form, with circumferential direction (YY′) and in equatorial plane (XZ), angle Aat least equal to 55° and at most equal to 80° and having an orientation opposite to angle Aof the working reinforcers so that the carcass reinforcers and the working reinforcers constitute a triangulation. 1. A tire for a passenger vehicle , comprising:a tread intended to come into contact with the ground and connected, at its axial ends, radially towards the inside, via two sidewalls, to two beads intended to come into contact with a rim;{'sub': 'T', 'a working reinforcement, radially on the inside of the tread, and comprising at least one working layer comprising metal working reinforcers coated in an elastomeric material, the said working reinforcers forming, with a circumferential direction of the tire, an angle Aat least equal to 10°;'}{'sub': 'F', 'a hoop reinforcement, radially on the inside of the tread, and radially adjacent to the working reinforcement, and comprising a single hooping layer comprising hoop reinforcers coated in an elastomeric material, said hoop reinforcers forming, with the circumferential direction, an angle Aat most equal to 5°;'}{'sub': 'C1', 'a carcass reinforcement, joining the two beads together, radially on the inside of the working reinforcement and of the hoop reinforcement, and comprising at least one carcass layer comprising textile carcass reinforcers coated in an elastomeric material, said carcass reinforcers ...

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Номер записи: 63
04-05-2017 дата публикации

Tire Comprising A Layer Of Circumferential Reinforcement Elements

Номер: US20170120682A1
Автор: Besson Jacques, Rehab Hichem, Salgues Nathalie
Принадлежит:

Tire comprising a crown reinforcement comprising two working crown layers having unequal axial widths. Layer C of rubber compound is placed between ends of the working crown layers. Second layer S of polymer compound is in contact with at least one working crown layer and the carcass reinforcement, which comprises a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements arranged radially between two working crown layers. Distance d between the end of the axially narrowest working layer and the working layer separated from it by layer C is 1.1ø Подробнее

Номер записи: 64
16-04-2020 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20200114690A1
Автор: Hasegawa Keiichi, KATAYAMA Masahiro
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

The pneumatic tire according to the disclosure includes a resin-coated belt comprising a wire coated with a coating resin. A base ring is formed at a tire radial inside of the resin-coated belt, while being in contact with a tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt. A concavo-convex portion is formed on at least one of surfaces of the base ring. 1. A pneumatic tire including a resin-coated belt comprising a wire coated with a coating resin , wherein:a base ring is formed at a tire radial inside of the resin-coated belt, the base ring being in contact with a tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt; anda concavo-convex portion is formed on at least one of surfaces of the base ring.2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the concavo-convex portion is formed by a groove nonlinearly extending in a tire circumferential direction.3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2 , wherein the groove has a groove width equal to or larger than 0.8 mm claim 2 , and equal to or smaller than 2 mm.4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the concavo-convex portion is formed on a surface of a tire widthwise outer end of the base ring.5. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the concavo-convex portion with a maximum size equal to or larger than 0.1 mm and equal to or smaller than 0.5 mm is formed on the surface with a density of 4 to 100 concavo-convex portions/mm.6. The pneumatic tire according to claim 2 , wherein the concavo-convex portion is formed on a surface of a tire widthwise outer end of the base ring.7. The pneumatic tire according to claim 3 , wherein the concavo-convex portion is formed on a surface of a tire widthwise outer end of the base ring. The present disclosure relates to a pneumatic tire.Heretofore, in a pneumatic tire, a belt has been usually disposed on an outer side of a carcass in a tire radial direction to exert a hoop effect of fastening the carcass and to heighten a rigidity of a tread (e.g., Patent ...

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Номер записи: 65
16-04-2020 дата публикации

Pneumatic tire

Номер: US20200114691A1
Автор: Keiichi Hasegawa, Masayuki Arima
Принадлежит: Bridgestone Corp

A pneumatic tire of the present disclosure comprises a resin-coated belt, a base ring that comes in contact with a tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt is provided on a tire radial inside of the resin-coated belt, the base ring has a tire widthwise outer end located on an outer side of the tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt in a tire width direction, and comprises an auxiliary belt that covers a tire radial outside of the base ring in a tire widthwise region from the tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt to at least a part of a tire widthwise outside, and that covers a tire radial outside of the resin-coated belt in a tire widthwise region from the tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt to at least a part of a tire widthwise inside.

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Номер записи: 66
27-05-2021 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE COMPRISING AN IMPROVED BRACING PLY

Номер: US20210155044A1
Автор: CORNILLE RICHARD, Ferigo Hervé, RIH SABRINA
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to a tyre () comprising a hooping ply () comprising at least one textile wire-like hoop reinforcer element making an angle strictly less than 10° with the circumferential direction (Z) of the tyre (). The bonded textile wire-like reinforcer element has, before the step of production of the hooping ply (), a tangent modulus less than or equal to 5 cN/tex/% for any elongation less than or equal to 3%. The textile wire-like hoop reinforcer element has, once extracted from the tyre (), a tangent modulus greater than or equal to 5 cN/tex/% for any elongation greater than or equal to 4%. 115.-. (canceled)16. A tire comprising a crown reinforcement comprising a hooping reinforcement comprising a hooping ply comprising at least one textile wire-like hoop reinforcer element making an angle strictly less than 10° with a circumferential direction of the tire , the tire being obtained by a method comprising a step of producing the hooping ply in which at least one bonded textile wire-like reinforcing element is embedded in a compound to form the at least one textile wire-like hoop reinforcer element ,wherein the at least one bonded textile wire-like reinforcing element has, before the step of producing the hooping ply, a tangent modulus less than or equal to 5 cN/tex/% for any elongation less than or equal to 3%, andwherein the at least one textile wire-like hoop reinforcer element has, once extracted from the tire, a tangent modulus greater than or equal to 5 cN/tex/% for any elongation greater than or equal to 4%.17. The tire according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one bonded textile wire-like reinforcing element has claim 16 , before the step of producing the hooping ply claim 16 , a tangent modulus less than or equal to 3 cN/tex/% for any elongation less than or equal to 2%.18. The tire according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one bonded textile wire-like reinforcing element has claim 16 , before the step of producing the hooping ply claim 16 ...

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Номер записи: 67
12-05-2016 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC VEHICLE TIRE

Номер: US20160129731A1
Автор: Bispo Miguel, John Jakob, Lacko Michal, Owens Bridget
Принадлежит:

A pneumatic vehicle tire for commercial vehicles includes a belt having five belt plies having respective sets of reinforcements. The five plies are identified as first, second, third, fourth and fifth plies. The third ply is a 0° ply and the second and fourth belt are working belt plies. The sets of reinforcements of the first and second plies lying adjacent one side of the 0° ply run upward at respective positive slopes and the sets of reinforcements of the fourth and fifth plies lying adjacent the other side of the 0° ply run upward at respective negative slopes. The reinforcements of the fifth ply and the peripheral direction (A-A) of the tire conjointly define an angle φ between 35°≦φ≦70°. The reinforcements in the second and fourth plies having an elongation of ≧0.2% at 10% breaking load. The elongation is measured using reinforcements taken from a fully vulcanized tire.

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Номер записи: 68
10-05-2018 дата публикации

Tire Comprising Working Layers Formed by Individual Wires

Номер: US20180126785A1
Автор: LARDJANE Aurore, Martin Vincent, NAVARRO-LOSADA Claudia, PARMENTIER Jean-François
Принадлежит:

Tire comprising a crown reinforcement formed of three working layers having between ends thereof two layers of rubber compound Ci. Thickness of the three working layers is <5 mm with individual metal wires as reinforcing elements of diameter <0.50 mm and a distance therebetween being strictly <1 mm. The axial width of each working layer is >60% that of the tread. Distance dbetween two working layers separated by a layer of rubber compound Ci and measured at the end of the axially narrowest working layer in contact therewith is such that 0.5 Подробнее

Номер записи: 69
21-05-2015 дата публикации

Pneumatic Tire

Номер: US20150136296A1
Автор: HAMANAKA Hideki, Iga Koshi, Kotoku Koichi
Принадлежит: THE YOKOHAMA RUBBER CO., LTD.

A pneumatic tire includes an inner-side cross belt and an outer-side cross belt forming belt angles of mutually different signs with the tire circumferential direction with absolute values from 46° to 80°, inclusive; a circumferential reinforcing layer arranged between the inner-side cross belt and the outer-side cross belt and forming a belt angle of ±5° with the tire circumferential direction; and a supplemental belt arranged outside the outer-side cross belt in the radial direction of the tire and forming a belt angle with the tire circumferential direction with an absolute value between 10° and 45° inclusive. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising: a carcass layer; a belt layer arranged outside of the carcass layer in a radial direction of the tire; at least three circumferential main grooves provided with a tread rubber arranged outside the belt layer in the radial direction of the tire and extending in a tire circumferential direction; and a plurality of land portions defined by the circumferential main grooves;the belt layerincluding an inner-side cross belt and an outer-side cross belt forming belt angles of mutually different signs with the tire circumferential direction with absolute values from 46° to 80°, inclusive;a circumferential reinforcing layer arranged between the inner-side cross belt and the outer-side cross belt and forming a belt angle of ±5° with the tire circumferential direction; anda supplemental belt arranged outside the outer-side cross belt in the radial direction of the tire and forming a belt angle with the tire circumferential direction with an absolute value from 10° to 45°, inclusive.2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the supplemental belt and the outer-side cross belt have belt angles with the same sign.3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the inner-side cross belt is arranged next to the carcass layer.4. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the relationship between the width Wb4 of the ...

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Номер записи: 70
21-05-2015 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20150136297A1
Автор: HAMANAKA Hideki, Iga Kohshi, Koutoku Kouichi
Принадлежит:

In a pneumatic tire, a belt layer includes an inner-side cross belt and an outer-side cross belt each having an absolute value of a belt angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction of not less than 46 degrees and not more than 80 degrees and having the belt angles with signs that are opposite to each other. The circumferential reinforcing layer has a belt angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction within the range ±5 degrees and disposed between the inner-side cross belt and outer-side cross belt. The supplemental belt has an absolute value of a belt angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction of not less than 10 degrees and not more than 45 degrees, and is disposed on the inner side in the tire radial direction of the inner-side cross belt. The supplemental belt and the inner-side cross belt have belt angles with opposite signs. 1. A pneumatic tire , comprising: a carcass layer; a belt layer disposed on an outer side in a tire radial direction of the carcass layer; tread rubber disposed on the outer side in the tire radial direction of the belt layer; at least three circumferential main grooves extending in a tire circumferential direction; and a plurality of land portions partitioned by the circumferential main grooves ,the belt layer includingan inner-side cross belt and an outer-side cross belt each having an absolute value of a belt angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction of not less than 46 degrees and not more than 80 degrees and having the belt angles with signs that are opposite to each other;a circumferential reinforcing layer having a belt angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction in a range of ±5 degrees, and disposed between the inner-side cross belt and the outer-side cross belt; anda supplemental belt having an absolute value of a belt angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction of not less than 10 degrees and not more than 45 degrees, and disposed on an inner side in ...

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Номер записи: 71
02-05-2019 дата публикации

Rubber Composition

Номер: US20190126683A1
Автор: NOMAGUCHI Tsuyoshi, Shimizu Katsunori
Принадлежит:

A rubber composition includes: in a diene rubber containing a natural rubber, cobalt borate neodecanoate, a phenol-based resin, and a curing agent; a dynamic storage modulus (E′) at 20° C. and a dynamic strain of 2% being 13 MPa or greater; a loss tangent (tan δ) at 60° C. being 0.20 or less; and the number of repetitions until breakage in a constant strain fatigue test at a strain of 60% and 400 rpm being 35000 times or greater. 1. A rubber composition comprising: in a diene rubber containing a natural rubber , cobalt borate neodecanoate , a phenol-based resin , and a curing agent;a dynamic storage modulus (F) at 20° C. and a dynamic strain of 2% being 13 MPa or greater;a loss tangent (tan δ) at 60° C. being 0.20 or less; andthe a number of repetitions until breakage in a constant strain fatigue test at a strain of 60% and 400 rpm being 35000 times or greater.2. The rubber composition according to claim 1 , comprising: per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber claim 1 , from 0.3 to 1.5 parts by mass of the cobalt borate neodecanoate claim 1 , 0.5 parts by mass or greater but less than 3.0 parts by mass of the phenol-based resin claim 1 , and from 0.5 to 5.0 parts by mass of the curing agent.3. The rubber composition according to claim 1 , comprising from 0.1 to 1.0 parts by mass of a sulfenamide-based vulcanization accelerator per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber.4. A pneumatic tire comprising a belt layer produced by using the rubber composition described in .5. The rubber composition according to claim 2 , comprising from 0.1 to 1.0 parts by mass of a sulfenamide-based vulcanization accelerator per 100 parts by mass of the diene rubber.6. A pneumatic tire comprising a belt layer produced by using the rubber composition described in . The present technology relates to a rubber composition that enhances adhesive performance to steel cords.Some pneumatic tires have a tread portion formed from a belt layer and a carcass layer in which steel cords are coated with ...

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Номер записи: 72
23-04-2020 дата публикации

TIRE WITH OPTIMIZED CROWN AND TREAD

Номер: US20200122507A1
Автор: BONNET Aymeric, Bourgeois Frédéric
Принадлежит:

Tires comprising a hoop reinforcement () and 2 crossed working layers () in which the breaking strength Rof each working layer () is at least equal to 30 000 N/dm have improved endurance. The working layers comprise reinforcing elements made up of individual metal threads or monofilaments having a cross section at least equal to 0.20 mm and at most equal to 0.5 mm. The density of reinforcing elements in each working layer is at least equal to 100 threads per dm and at most equal to 200 threads per dm. The tire also comprises axially exterior cuts (). At least one of the two axially exterior portions of the tread comprises a rubbery material having a Shore hardness at least equal to 48 and at most equal to 60. 114.-. (canceled)15. A tire for a passenger vehicle , the tire comprising: the tread comprising two axially exterior portions, each having an axial width at most equal to 0.3 times the axial width LT, comprising at least one rubbery material intended to come into contact with the ground during running,', 'at least one axially exterior portion comprising axially exterior cuts, an axially exterior cut forming a space opening onto the tread surface and being delimited by at least two main lateral faces connected by a bottom face, and', 'the axially exterior cuts having a depth defined by the maximum radial distance between the tread surface and the bottom face; and, 'a tread intended to come into contact with the ground via a tread surface and having an axial width LT,'} the crown reinforcement comprising a working reinforcement and a hoop reinforcement,', 'the working reinforcement being made up of two working layers, each comprising reinforcing elements which are coated in an elastomeric material, mutually parallel and respectively form, with a circumferential direction of the tire, an oriented angle at least equal to 20° and at most equal to 50°, in terms of absolute value, and of opposite sign from one layer to the next,', 'the reinforcing elements in each ply ...

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Номер записи: 73
23-04-2020 дата публикации

Pneumatic tire

Номер: US20200122509A1
Автор: Keiichi Hasegawa, Naoyuki SONE
Принадлежит: Bridgestone Corp

A pneumatic tire includes a carcass, an intersecting belt layer, and a restraining member. The carcass spans from one bead portion to another bead portion. The intersecting belt layer is arranged at an outer circumferential side of the carcass and is configured including plural belt plies each configured by covering a row of plural mutually parallel belt cords with a resin, such that the belt cords of one of adjacent belt plies and the belt cords of the other of the adjacent belt plies intersect each other. The restraining member is arranged adjacent to end portions of the belt plies so as to restrain movement of the end portions.

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Номер записи: 74
03-06-2021 дата публикации

Protective Reinforcement Comprising Differentiated Layers For A Pneumatic Tire For A Heavy-Duty Civil Engineering Vehicle

Номер: US20210162810A1
Автор: Alain Domingo, Cédric Khayat
Принадлежит: Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA

The invention relates to a radial pneumatic tire (1) for a heavy-duty civil engineering vehicle and aims to reduce the risk of tread separation of the pneumatic tire, during driving on sharp rocks, while ensuring good resistance to cracking of the crown reinforcement. The pneumatic tire (1) comprises a protective reinforcement (5) comprising two protective layers (51, 52), the radially innermost protective layer (51) comprising elastic metal reinforcements with a diameter D1 which are axially distributed according to an axial pitch P1, and the radially outermost protective layer (52) comprising elastic metal reinforcements with a diameter D2 which are axially distributed according to an axial pitch P2. According to the invention, the following relations are satisfied:D1>D2P1>P2P1>=1.2*D1 et P2>=1.2*D22.5<=(DI*P1)/(D2*P2)<=5

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Номер записи: 75
03-06-2021 дата публикации

Protective Reinforcement For A Tire For A Heavy Civil Engineering Vehicle

Номер: US20210162811A1
Автор: Domingo Alain, KHAYAT Cédric
Принадлежит:

The present invention concerns a radial tire () for a heavy civil-engineering vehicle, and aims to increase the resistance to repeated impact of its crown reinforcement (), when driving over stones, while maintaining good resistance to attacks. The tire () comprises a protective reinforcement () comprising at least one protective layer () comprising elastic metal reinforcers, and a working reinforcement () comprising two working layers () comprising non-extensible metal reinforcers, the elastic metal reinforcers of the radially innermost protective layer () have a elastic modulus in extension of at least 100 GPa and a diameter D of at least 3 mm, and are distributed axially at an axial pitch P at least 1.2 times the diameter D. 2. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic metal reinforcers of the radially innermost protective layer have a diameter D at at most equal to 6 mm.3. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic metal reinforcers of the radially innermost protective layer are distributed axially at an axial spacing P at most equal to 1.5 times the diameter D.4. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the elastic metal reinforcers of the protective layer are multistrand ropes of structure 1×N comprising a single layer of N strands wound in a helix claim 1 , each strand comprising an internal layer of M internal threads wound in a helix and an external layer of K external threads wound in a helix around the internal layer.5. The tire according to claim 4 , wherein the single layer of N strands claim 4 , wound in a helix claim 4 , comprises N=3 or N=4 strands.6. The tire according to claim 4 , wherein the internal layer of M internal threads claim 4 , wound in a helix claim 4 , of each strand comprises M=3 claim 4 , 4 claim 4 , or 5 internal threads.7. The tire according to claim 4 , wherein the external layer of K external threads claim 4 , wound in a helix around the internal layer of each strand claim 4 , comprises K=7 claim 4 , 8 claim 4 , ...

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Номер записи: 76
18-05-2017 дата публикации

Tire Comprising A Layer Of Circumferential Reinforcement Elements

Номер: US20170136821A1
Автор: Hichem Rehab, Jean-Francois Parmentier
Принадлежит: Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA, Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France, Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland

A tire comprising a crown reinforcement formed of at least two working crown layers each one formed of reinforcing elements inserted between two skim layers of rubber compound, a first layer S of polymer compound being in contact with at least one working crown layer and in contact with the carcass reinforcement and the crown reinforcement comprising at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements. The elastic modulus under tension at 10% elongation of the layer C is greater than 9 MPa, the maximum value of tan(δ), denoted tan(δ)max, of the layer C is less than 0.100 and the complex dynamic shear modulus G*, measured at 10% and 60° C. on the return cycle, of the first layer S of polymer compound is greater than 1.35 MPa.

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Номер записи: 77
09-05-2019 дата публикации

Pneumatic tire

Номер: US20190135040A1
Автор: Harunobu Suita
Принадлежит: Toyo Tire and Rubber Co Ltd

A tire having four belt plies laminated at an outside circumference of the carcass. Cords at second and third belt plies among the four belt plies, as numbered from the carcass to the outside circumference, intersect, being inclined in mutually opposite fashion with respect to a tire axis. Angles of inclination with respect to the tire circumferential direction of the second and third belt plies are such that an angle at a belt end is less than an angle at a tire equator. A first mounded region that has a peak at which the angle of inclination is greater than at a periphery and that corresponds to a shoulder rib which among the plurality of ribs is provided. The peak at the first mounded region is arranged at a shoulder rib region which appears to overlap the shoulder rib as seen in plan view.

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Номер записи: 78
09-05-2019 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE FOR HEAVY LOADS

Номер: US20190135050A1
Автор: Izuhara Yuji
Принадлежит: TOYO TIRE & RUBBER CO., LTD.

A pneumatic tire for heavy loads comprising a bead core, a bead filler arranged on the outside in a tire radial direction of the lead core, a steel cord-containing carcass ply wound up on the outside from the inside in a fire axis direction around the bead core, a steel cord-containing chafer provided so as to cover the carcass ply from the inside in the tire radial direction, and a reinforcing sheet comprising a rubber and a cotton kneaded therein and interposed between the bead core and the carcass ply. The tire can improve durability of a bead part. 1. A pneumatic tire for heavy loads comprising:a bead core embedded in a bead part,a bead filler arranged on the outside in a tire radial direction of the bead core,a steel cord-containing carcass ply wound up on the outside fixes the inside in a tire axis direction around the bead core,a steel cord-containing chafer provided so as to cover the carcass ply from the inside in the tire radial direction in the bead part, anda reinforcing sheet comprising a rubber and cotton kneaded therein and interposed between the bead core and the carcass ply.2. The pneumatic tire for heavy loads according to claim 1 , whereinthe reinforcing sheet is provided so as to cover the bead core from the inside in the tire radial direction,the reinforcing sheet comprises an outer part in the tire axis direction wound up on the outside in the tire axis direction of the bead core and an inner part in tire tire axis direction wound up on the inside in the tire axis direction of the bead core,the outer part of the reinforcing sheet is put on the outer surface in the tire axis direction of the bead filler, andthe inner part of the reinforcing sheet is put on the inner surface in the tire axis direction of the bead filler.3. The pneumatic tire for heavy loads according to claim 1 , whereinthe reinforcing sheet comprises an outer edge that is an upper edge of an outer part in the tire axis direction wound up on the outside in the tire axis direction ...

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Номер записи: 79
30-04-2020 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE WITH NOISE SUPPRESSING MEMBER, TIRE/RIM ASSEMBLY, AND NOISE SUPPRESSING MEMBER

Номер: US20200130431A1
Автор: Hasegawa Keiichi, Kouno Yoshihide, MATSUMOTO Yoshifumi
Принадлежит:

A pneumatic tire with a noise suppressing member has: a pneumatic tire that has a belt layer structured to include a steel cord; a noise suppressing member that is formed from a sheet-shaped member, and that has convex portions, which are convex from an inner surface side of a tire toward a cavity interior, in order to suppress cavity resonance of the pneumatic tire; and magnets that are attached to the noise suppressing member, and at which attractive force is generated between the magnets and the steel cord, and that holds the noise suppressing member at an inner surface of the tire. 1. A pneumatic tire with a noise suppressing member , the pneumatic tire comprising:a pneumatic tire including a tire structural member that is formed from a magnetic body;a noise suppressing member formed from a sheet-shaped member, and having convex portions, which are convex from an inner surface side of the pneumatic tire toward a cavity interior, configured to suppress cavity resonance of the pneumatic tire; andmagnets attached to the noise suppressing member, and at which attractive force is generated between the magnets and the magnetic body, the magnets holding the noise suppressing member at an inner surface of the pneumatic tire.2. The pneumatic tire with a noise suppressing member of claim 1 , wherein the tire structural member comprises a reinforcing layer that is formed from a steel cord.3. The pneumatic tire with a noise suppressing member of claim 2 , wherein the reinforcing layer comprises a belt.4. The pneumatic tire with a noise suppressing member of claim 1 , wherein the tire structural member is provided at an inner peripheral surface of the pneumatic tire.5. A tire/rim assembly claim 1 , comprising:a rim; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the pneumatic tire with a noise suppressing member of , which is mounted at the rim.'}6. A noise suppressing member claim 1 , comprising:a noise suppressing member main body formed from a sheet-shaped member, ...

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Номер записи: 80
26-05-2016 дата публикации

Pneumatic Tire

Номер: US20160144662A1
Автор: Satoru Isobe, Yukihito Yamaguchi
Принадлежит: Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd

This pneumatic tire ( 1 ) includes: a pair of bead cores ( 11, 11 ); a carcass layer ( 13 ) extending between the pair of bead cores ( 11, 11 ); and a belt layer ( 14 ) including a laminate of at least four belt plies ( 141 to 144 ) having steel belt cords covered with coating rubber, the belt layer being disposed on the outer side in a tire radial direction of the carcass layer ( 13 ). An inter-cord distance (Ga) between an outermost layer belt ply (fourth belt ( 144 )) and an adjacent belt ply (third belt ( 143 )) has a relationship such that 0.80≦Ga/φmax≦1.80 with respect to a maximum value ((max) of outer diameters (φ 4, φ3 ) of belt cords ( 1441, 1431 ) in the outermost layer belt ply ( 144 ) and the adjacent belt ply ( 143 ).

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Номер записи: 81
10-06-2021 дата публикации

SHEAR BAND

Номер: US20210170796A1
Автор: Bhuiyan Md Atiqur Rahman, Bond Gregory Monroe, Borowczak Marc, Estafen Christopher Edward, Richards Jimmy Lee, Sportelli Francesco
Принадлежит:

A shear band for a tire includes a first belt layer extending circumferentially around the tire, a second belt layer extending circumferentially around the tire, and a shear band radially interposed between the first belt layer and the second belt layer. The shear band includes a first reinforcing ply radially adjacent the first belt layer, a third reinforcing ply radially adjacent the second belt layer, and a second reinforcing ply radially interposed between the first reinforcing ply and the second reinforcing ply. The first reinforcing ply includes a first flattened, braided tube layer enclosed by a first rubber layer. The second reinforcing ply includes a second flattened, braided tube layer enclosed by a second rubber layer. The third reinforcing ply includes a third flattened, braided tube layer enclosed by a third rubber layer. 1. A shear band for a tire comprising:a first belt layer extending circumferentially around the tire;a second belt layer extending circumferentially around the tire; anda shear band radially interposed between the first belt layer and the second belt layer, the shear band includes a first reinforcing ply radially adjacent the first belt layer, a third reinforcing ply radially adjacent the second belt layer, and a second reinforcing ply radially interposed between the first reinforcing ply and the second reinforcing ply, the first reinforcing ply including a flattened, braided tube layer enclosed by a first rubber layer, the second reinforcing ply including a second flattened, braided tube layer enclosed by a second rubber layer, the third reinforcing ply including a third flattened, braided tube layer enclosed by a third rubber layer.2. The shear band as set forth in wherein the first flattened claim 1 , braided tube layer includes a structure angled between −45 degrees and −35 degrees relative to the equatorial plane of the tire.3. The shear band as set forth in wherein the second flattened claim 1 , braided tube layer includes a ...

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Номер записи: 82
24-05-2018 дата публикации

REINFORCEMENT MEMBER FOR TIRES, AND TIRE USING SAME

Номер: US20180141382A1
Автор: MIYAZONO Toshiya
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

Provided are: a tire reinforcement member having an improved durability; and a tire whose weight is reduced and durability is improved by using the tire reinforcement member. 1. A tire reinforcement member formed by winding a rubber strip without any gaps at an inclination with respect to the longitudinal direction of said member while folding said rubber strip at width direction ends of said member , said rubber strip being obtained by rubber-coating one reinforcing cord or a plurality of paralleled reinforcing cords , whereinsaid rubber strip substantially forms two reinforcing layers having different inclination directions, andsaid rubber strip is passed under an already wound rubber strip and then folded at a folding part closest to a winding finish end of said rubber strip, said already wound rubber strip has been wound previous to said rubber strip in an inclination direction different from that of said rubber strip,2. A tire comprising the tire reinforcement member according to .3. The tire according to claim 2 , said tire is for passenger vehicles.4. The tire according to claim 2 , said tire is for trucks and busses.5. The tire according to claim 2 , said tire is for construction vehicles. The present invention relates to a tire reinforcement member (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “reinforcement member”), and a tire comprising the same.A variety of studies have been conducted on tire reinforcement members. For example, as the structure of a belt used as a reinforcement member of a tire for passenger vehicles, a structure in which two or more intersecting belt layers whose reinforcing cord directions intersect with each other are arranged on the tire radial direction outer side of a carcass serving as a skeleton member in a crown portion is commonly adopted. In addition, for example, a tire reinforcement member formed by winding a rubber strip obtained by rubber-coating one reinforcing cord or a plurality of paralleled reinforcing cords at an ...

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Номер записи: 83
02-06-2016 дата публикации

Tire Having A Softened Carcass Reinforcement

Номер: US20160152083A1
Автор: Foucher Benoit
Принадлежит:

A crown reinforcement formed of at least two working crown layers of reinforcing elements. The tire additionally comprises, in each shoulder, at least one end of a layer of reinforcing elements that are mutually parallel in the layer and are oriented circumferentially, said end being axially outside said at least two working crown layers, the reinforcing elements of the carcass reinforcement having a diameter less than 0.85 mm, and said reinforcing elements of the carcass reinforcement being made up of threads with a diameter less than 0.16 mm. 1. A tire for a heavy goods vehicle , having a radial carcass reinforcement comprising a crown reinforcement formed of at least two working crown layers of reinforcing elements that are crossed from one layer to another , forming angles of between 10° and 45° with the circumferential direction , said crown reinforcement itself being capped radially with a tread , said tread being joined to two beads by way of two sidewalls , wherein it additionally comprises , in each shoulder , at least one end of a layer of reinforcing elements that are mutually parallel in the layer and are oriented circumferentially , wherein said end of said layer of reinforcing elements that are mutually parallel in the layer and are oriented circumferentially is axially outside said at least two working crown layers , wherein the reinforcing elements of the carcass reinforcement have a diameter less than 0.85 mm , and wherein said reinforcing elements of the carcass reinforcement are made up of threads with a diameter less than 0.16 mm.2. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the metal reinforcing elements of at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement are cords claim 1 , advantageously non-wrapped cords claim 1 , that return a flow rate less than 20 cm/min in what is referred to as the permeability test.3. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the metal reinforcing elements of at least one layer of the carcass reinforcement are cords ...

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Номер записи: 84
16-05-2019 дата публикации

HEAVY-DUTY PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20190143760A1
Автор: KANAYA Yoshiki
Принадлежит: SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD.

A heavy-duty pneumatic tire includes a section width being equal to or less than 335 mm, an aspect ratio being equal to or less than 55%, and a toroidal carcass extending between axially spaced bead portions through a tread portion and sidewall portions, wherein the carcass includes a carcass ply which includes a main portion and a turn-up portion, a belt layer disposed radially outward of the carcass in the tread portion, a sidewall rubber defining an outer sidewall profile of each sidewall portion, and a chafer rubber defining an outer bead profile of each bead portion, wherein in each bead portion, on a straight line that is perpendicular to the main portion of the carcass ply and passes a radially inner end of the sidewall rubber, the chafer rubber has a thickness of from 40% to 60% of a thickness of the bead portion. 1. A heavy-duty pneumatic tire comprising:a section width being equal to or less than 335 mm;an aspect ratio being equal to or less than 55%;a toroidal carcass extending between axially spaced bead portions through a tread portion and sidewall portions, wherein the carcass comprises a carcass ply comprising a main portion extending between bead cores each disposed in a respective one of the bead portions through the tread portion and the sidewall portions, and a turn-up portion turned up around each bead core of each bead portion from axially inside of the tire to outside of the tire and extending to a radially outer end thereof;a belt layer disposed radially outward of the carcass in the tread portion, wherein the radially outer end of the turn-up portion is located between the main portion and the belt layer in the tread portion;a sidewall rubber defining an outer sidewall profile of each sidewall portion; anda chafer rubber defining an outer bead profile of each bead portion, wherein in each bead portion, on a straight line that is perpendicular to the main portion of the carcass ply and passes a radially inner end of the sidewall rubber, the ...

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Номер записи: 85
31-05-2018 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20180147889A1
Автор: HOSHINO Yuta, Saito Junko, TAKADA Hiroshi, Yokokura Hiroyuki
Принадлежит:

At a pneumatic tire (), in a pneumatic tire in which a reinforcing layer () is structured from at least one reinforcing ply () in which are embedded plural reinforcing cords () that are formed from steel and are inclined with respect to a tire equator S, an inclination angle A of the reinforcing cords () with respect to the tire equator S is within a range of 40 to 90°, and a compressive rigidity F per 50 mm width of a reinforcing layer () in a direction parallel to the reinforcing cords () is within a range of 1000 to 2400 N. 1. A pneumatic tire that is structured from: a carcass layer that extends in a toroidal shape , both end portions of the carcass layer in a transverse direction being folded-over onto a pair of bead cores , and the carcass layer being structured from two or more carcass plies in which are embedded a plurality of carcass cords that are formed from organic fibers and are inclined with respect to a tire equator S; a belt layer that is disposed at a radial direction outer side of the carcass layer; a tread that is disposed at a radial direction outer side of the belt layer; and a reinforcing layer that is disposed between adjacent carcass plies at a position that overlaps the belt layer in a radial direction , the reinforcing layer being structured from at least one reinforcing ply in which are embedded a plurality of reinforcing cords that are formed from steel and that are inclined with respect to the tire equator S ,wherein an inclination angle A of the reinforcing cords with respect to the tire equator S is within a range of 40 to 90°, and a compressive rigidity F per 50 mm width of the reinforcing layer, in a direction parallel to the reinforcing cords, is within a range of 1000 to 2400 N.2. The pneumatic tire of claim 1 , wherein a tread surface of the tread is sectioned into a plurality of land portions by grooves claim 1 , and a tire transverse direction length of an inner side land portion claim 1 , which is positioned at a position ...

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Номер записи: 86
17-06-2021 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20210178817A1
Автор: Coccon Marco Nicolò, Krier Roland Willibrord, Manogaran Arun Prasath, Maus Peter Johann Cornelius, Muller Philippe Joseph Auguste, Nawale Vaibhav, Spaccapietra Ettore Passante, Winkin Didier
Принадлежит:

A pneumatic tire is described which includes a tread, a carcass and a belt structure interposed between the carcass and the tread. The belt structure includes a first and second working belt, wherein the angle of the working belts range from about 12 degrees to about 35 degrees, wherein the belt structure further includes a low angle belt located radially inward of the working belts. The first working belt is the radially innermost working belt, and is the widest belt. The second working belt is the radially outermost belt. The pneumatic tire may further include a second optional low angle belt, that is located between the first low angle belt and the first working belt. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising a tread , a carcass and a belt structure interposed between the carcass and the tread , wherein the belt structure includes a first and second working belt , wherein the second working belt is located radially outward of the first working belt wherein a low angle belt is positioned radially inward of the first working belt , and wherein the low angle belt has an angle less than 10 degrees.2. The pneumatic tire of wherein the angle of the first and second working belts range from about 12 degrees to about 35 degrees.3. The pneumatic tire of wherein the first working belt has a width about equal to the tread arc width.4. The pneumatic tire of wherein the second working belt has a width less than the first working belt.5. The pneumatic tire of wherein the first working belt is formed of reinforcements that are extensible.6. The pneumatic tire of wherein the second working belt is formed of reinforcements that are extensible.7. The pneumatic tire of further comprising a third working belt.8. The pneumatic tire of wherein the third working belt is the radially outermost belt.9. The pneumatic tire of wherein the third working belt is formed of reinforcements that are extensible.10. The pneumatic tire of wherein the first and second lateral belts are integrally formed with ...

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Номер записи: 87
17-06-2021 дата публикации

Tire

Номер: US20210178819A1
Автор: Keigo Narita, Seigo TSURUDA, Takashi Kuwahara
Принадлежит: Bridgestone Corp

A tire includes a spiral belt layer and ring-shaped bands. The spiral belt layer is provided at the outer periphery side of a tire carcass member and is formed by a resin-coated cord wound in a helical shape. The bands are disposed at the tire diameter direction outer side of each of an end portion of the spiral belt layer at one side in the tire width direction and an end portion at the other side. Each band includes a belt-shaped member that is wound at least one full circumference in the tire circumference direction. The band is provided with an overlap portion that is specified with a larger number of layers of the belt-shaped member than other regions of the band in the circumference direction. The overlap portion is disposed at a circumference direction position that does not correspond with length direction end portions of the resin-coated cord.

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Номер записи: 88
17-06-2021 дата публикации

Truck tire

Номер: US20210178823A1
Автор: Arun Prasath MANOGARAN, Didier Winkin, Ettore PASSANTE SPACCAPIETRA, Marco Nicolo Coccon, Philippe Joseph Auguste Muller, Roland Willibrord Krier, Vaibhav Nawale
Принадлежит: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co

A pneumatic tire for use on trucks, the tire comprising: a tread which includes a belt reinforcement structure of only three belts, the belt structure including a pair of working belts, wherein the angle of the working belts range from about 12 degrees to about 35 degrees, wherein a low angle belt is positioned preferably between of the working belts, wherein the angle of the low angle belt is less than 5 degrees. The working belts are made of high elongation wire having an elongation at break greater than 3.5%.

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Номер записи: 89
01-06-2017 дата публикации

Tire Comprising A Layer Of Circumferential Reinforcing Elements

Номер: US20170151836A1
Автор: Besson Jacques, Rehab Hichem, Salgues Nathalie
Принадлежит:

Tire comprising a crown reinforcement formed of at least two working crown layers each formed of reinforcing elements inserted between two skim layers of rubber compound. First layer S of polymer compound is in contact with a working crown layer and the carcass reinforcement. The crown reinforcement comprises a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements. The elastic modulus under tension at 10% elongation of a skim layer of a working crown layer is less than 8.5 MPa, the maximum value of tan(δ) of the skim layer of a working crown layer is <0.100. First layer S comprises a filled elastomer blend having a macro dispersion coefficient Z≧65 and a maximum tan(δ) value <0.100 and its complex dynamic shear modulus G*, measured at 10% and 60° C. on the return cycle is >1.35 MPa. 1. Tire with a radial carcass reinforcement comprising a crown reinforcement formed of at least two working crown layers each formed of reinforcing elements inserted between two skim layers of rubber compound , which reinforcing elements are crossed from one layer to the other making with the circumferential direction angles comprised between 10° and 45° , a first layer of polymer compound being in contact with at least one working crown layer and in contact with the carcass reinforcement , said first layer of polymer compound extending axially as far as at least the axial end of the tread , said tread radially capping the crown reinforcement and being connected to two beads by two sidewalls , the crown reinforcement comprising at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements , wherein the elastic modulus under tension at 10% elongation of at least one skim layer of at least one working crown layer is less than 8.5 MPa , wherein the maximum value of tan(δ) , denoted tan(δ) , of said at least one skim layer of at least one working crown layer is less than 0.100 , wherein said first layer of polymer compound is made up of a filled elastomeric compound having a macro dispersion ...

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Номер записи: 90
01-06-2017 дата публикации

TIRE WITH BELT HAVING WRAP AROUND GUM STRIP

Номер: US20170151837A1
Автор: Gehres Justin M., Nesbitt Adam K.
Принадлежит:

A tire includes a circumferential tread, a pair of beads, and a pair of sidewalls. The tire further includes a plurality of circumferential belts disposed below the circumferential tread and extending in an axial direction. The plurality of circumferential belts include a lower belt and an upper belt. The tire also includes at least one gum strip. The at least one gum strip has a first portion in contact with a top surface of the lower belt and a bottom surface of the upper belt. The at least one gum strip has a second portion disposed below the lower belt. 1. A tire comprising:a first annular bead and a second annular bead;a body ply extending between the first annular bead and the second annular bead; 'wherein the plurality of circumferential belts includes at least a lower belt and an upper belt disposed above the lower belt;', 'a plurality of circumferential belts disposed above the body ply and extending axially across a portion of the body ply,'}at least one gum strip wrapped around an axial end of the lower belt, such that the at least one gum strip has an upper portion in contact with a top surface of the lower belt and a bottom surface of the upper belt, and such that the at least one gum strip has a lower portion in contact with a bottom surface of the lower belt and a top surface of the body ply;a nylon cap ply disposed above the upper belt;a circumferential tread disposed above the nylon cap ply and extending axially across the tire;a first sidewall extending between the first annular bead and a first shoulder, the first shoulder being associated with the circumferential tread; anda second sidewall extending between the second annular bead and a second shoulder, the second shoulder being associated with the circumferential tread.2. The tire of claim 1 , further comprising a pair of reinforcement layers claim 1 , including a first reinforcement layer disposed above a first end of the nylon cap ply claim 1 , and a second reinforcement layer disposed above ...

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Номер записи: 91
09-06-2016 дата публикации

THIN REINFORCED PRODUCT AND TIRE COMPRISING SAID PRODUCT

Номер: US20160159154A1
Автор: LARDJANE Aurore, Noel Sebastien, Rigo Sebastien
Принадлежит:

A reinforced product () comprises: an elastomer matrix (), several reinforcing elements () embedded in the elastomer matrix (), the reinforcing elements () being arranged side by side in a main direction (X). Each reinforcing element () comprises: at least one filamentary element () comprising a single monofilament, and at least one sheath coating the filamentary elements () and comprising at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition. The ratio R1=ODO/E of the mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the back of the sheath to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product () is less than or equal to 0.17, the mean minimum thickness of elastomer ODO and mean thickness E of the reinforced product () being measured in a direction (Y) substantially perpendicular to the main direction (X). 119.-. (canceled)20. A reinforced product comprising:an elastomer matrix,several reinforcing elements embedded in the elastomer matrix, the reinforcing elements being arranged side by side in a main direction, each reinforcing element comprising:at least one filamentary element comprising a single monofilament, andat least one sheath coating the filamentary elements and comprising at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition,wherein the ratio R1=ODO/E of the mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the sheath to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product is less than or equal to 0.17, the mean minimum thickness of elastomer ODO and mean thickness E of the reinforced product being measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction.21. The reinforced product according to claim 20 , wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.15.22. The reinforced product according to claim 20 , wherein the mean minimum thickness ODO is less than or equal to 0.17 mm.23. The reinforced product according to claim 20 , wherein the mean minimum thickness ODO is less than or equal to 0.11 mm.24. The reinforced product according to ...

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Номер записи: 92
28-08-2014 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC VEHICLE TIRE

Номер: US20140238573A1
Автор: Bartke Joerg, Herta Katie, ZHENG Dong
Принадлежит: CONTINENTAL REIFEN DEUTSCHLAND GMBH

A pneumatic vehicle tire of a radial type of construction is for heavy trucks and has a four-ply belt (). Each belt ply () contains steel cords as reinforcing elements which run parallel to one another in each belt ply. Not only are the angles (β, γ) that the steel cords in the second and third belt plies () form with the circumferential direction (A-A) approximately equal, but also the angles (α, δ) that the steel cords in the first and fourth belt plies () form with the circumferential direction (A-A) are likewise approximately equal. 1. A pneumatic vehicle tire having a radial configuration for heavy trucks and defining a circumferential direction A-A , the pneumatic vehicle tire comprising:a four ply belt having a radially innermost first belt ply, a second belt ply, a third belt ply and a fourth belt ply;said first, second, third and fourth belt ply each including steel cords configured as reinforcement members;said steel cords of each of said first belt ply, said second belt ply, said third belt ply and said fourth belt ply running parallel to the other steel cords of the same belt ply;said steel cords of said first, second, third and fourth belt plies having a predetermined slope sequence of rightward increasing (R) and leftward increasing (L) slope with respect to the circumferential direction A-A starting with said steel cords of said radially innermost first belt ply;said steel cords of said second belt ply enclosing an angle (β) with the circumferential direction A-A;said steel cords of said third belt ply enclosing an angle (γ) with the circumferential direction A-A;said angle (β) and said angle (γ) being approximately equal;said steel cords of said first belt ply enclosing an angle (β) with the circumferential direction A-A;said steel cords of said fourth belt ply enclosing an angle (δ) with the circumferential direction A-A; and,said angle (β) and said angle (δ) being approximately equal.2. The pneumatic vehicle tire of claim 1 , wherein said angle (β) ...

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Номер записи: 93
18-06-2015 дата публикации

PNEUMATIC TIRE

Номер: US20150165823A1
Автор: HAMANAKA Hideki, Iga Koshi, Kotoku Koichi
Принадлежит:

A belt layer of a pneumatic tire includes an inner-side cross belt and an outer-side cross belt forming belt angles of mutually different signs with the tire circumferential direction with absolute values from 46° to 80°, inclusive; a circumferential reinforcing layer arranged between the inner-side cross belt and the outer-side cross belt and forming a belt angle of within ±5° with the tire circumferential direction; and a supplemental belt arranged inside of the inner-side cross belt in the radial direction of the tire and forming a belt angle with the tire circumferential direction with an absolute value from 10° to 45°, inclusive. 1. A pneumatic tire comprising: a carcass layer; a belt layer arranged outside of the carcass layer in a radial direction of the tire; at least three circumferential main grooves provided with a tread rubber arranged outside the belt layer in the radial direction of the tire and extending in a tire circumferential direction; and a plurality of land portions defined by the circumferential main grooves;the belt layer includingan inner-side cross belt and an outer-side cross belt forming belt angles of mutually different signs with the tire circumferential direction with absolute values from 46° to 80°, inclusive;a circumferential reinforcing layer arranged between the inner-side cross belt and the outer-side cross belt and forming a belt angle of ±5° with the tire circumferential direction; anda supplemental belt arranged inside of the inner-side cross belt in the radial direction of the tire and forming a belt angle with the tire circumferential direction with an absolute value from 10° to 45°, inclusive.2. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the supplemental belt and the inner-side cross belt have belt angles with the same sign.3. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein the supplemental belt is arranged next to the carcass layer and the inner-side cross belt.442. The pneumatic tire according to claim 1 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 94
24-06-2021 дата публикации

CONSTRUCTION VEHICLE TIRE AND STEEL CORD

Номер: US20210188006A1
Автор: TAKUBO Yoshihisa
Принадлежит: BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION

A construction vehicle tire includes a carcass layer and a belt layer formed by six belts at an outer side of the carcass layer in a tire radial direction. A fourth belt arranged fourth from the carcass layer toward the outer side in the tire radial direction among the belt layer includes steel cords arranged along a predetermined direction. The steel cord includes one core strand having a two-layer-twisted structure in which a plurality of core filaments and a sheath filament forming a sheath are twisted, and a plurality of sheath strand twisted with the core strand, the sheath strand having a layer-twisted structure in which a plurality of steel filaments are twisted. A gap between the filaments is filled with a predetermined rubber material. 1. A construction vehicle tire comprising:a carcass layer; anda belt layer formed by six belts at an outer side of the carcass layer in a tire radial direction,wherein:a fourth belt arranged fourth from the carcass layer toward the outer side in the tire radial direction among the belt layer includes steel cords arranged along a predetermined direction;the steel cord includes one core strand having a two-layer-twisted structure in which a plurality of core filaments and a sheath filament forming a sheath are twisted, and a plurality of sheath strands twisted with the core strand, the sheath strand having a layer-twisted structure in which a plurality of steel filaments are twisted; andeach of a gap between the core filaments adjacent to each other, a gap between the sheath filaments adjacent to each other, a gap between the core filament and the sheath filament, and a gap between the core stand and the sheath strand is filled with a predetermined rubber material.2. The construction vehicle tire according to claim 1 , wherein a third belt arranged third from the carcass layer toward the outer side in the tire radial direction among the belt layers includes the steel cords arranged along a predetermined direction.3. The ...

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Номер записи: 95
16-06-2016 дата публикации

THIN REINFORCED PRODUCT AND TIRE COMPRISING SAID PRODUCT

Номер: US20160167438A1
Автор: BARBIER CECILE, Petitjean Sylvain, Rigo Sebastien
Принадлежит:

A reinforced product () comprises: an elastomer matrix (), several reinforcing elements () embedded in the elastomer matrix (), the reinforcing elements () being arranged side by side in a main direction (X). Each reinforcing element () comprises: at least one filamentary element, and at least one sheath coating the filamentary element and comprising at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition. The ratio R1=ODO/E of the mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the back of the sheath to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product () is less than or equal to 0.17. 118.-. (canceled)19. A reinforced product comprising:an elastomer matrix,several reinforcing elements embedded in the elastomer matrix, the reinforcing elements being arranged side by side in a main direction, each reinforcing element comprising:at least one filamentary element, andat least one sheath coating each filamentary element and comprising at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition,wherein the ratio R1=ODO/E of the mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the sheath to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product is less than or equal to 0.17, the mean minimum thickness of elastomer ODO and mean thickness E of the reinforced product being measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction.20. The reinforced product according to claim 19 , wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.15.21. The reinforced product according to claim 19 , wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.10.22. The reinforced product according to claim 19 , wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.07.23. The reinforced product according to claim 19 , wherein the mean minimum thickness ODO is less than or equal to 0.17 mm.24. The reinforced product according to claim 19 , wherein the mean minimum thickness ODO is less than or equal to 0.11 mm.25. The reinforced product according to claim 19 , wherein the ratio R2=B/E of the mean minimum ...

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Номер записи: 96
16-06-2016 дата публикации

THIN REINFORCED PRODUCT AND TIRE COMPRISING SAID PRODUCT

Номер: US20160167439A1
Автор: AHOUANTO Michel, Braud Sandrine, Rigo Sebastien
Принадлежит:

A reinforced product () comprises: an elastomer matrix (), several reinforcing elements () embedded in the elastomer matrix (), the reinforcing elements () being arranged side by side in a main direction (X). Each reinforcing element () comprises: several filamentary elements (), and at least one communal sheath collectively coating the filamentary elements () and comprising at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition. The ratio R1=ODO/E of the mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the back of the sheath to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product () is less than or equal to 0.17, the mean minimum thickness of elastomer ODO and mean thickness E of the reinforced product () being measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction (X). 119.-. (canceled)20. A reinforced product comprising:an elastomer matrix,several reinforcing elements embedded in the elastomer matrix, the reinforcing elements being arranged side by side in a main direction, each reinforcing element comprising:several filamentary elements, andat least one communal sheath collectively coating the filamentary elements and comprising at least one layer of a thermoplastic polymer composition,wherein the ratio R1=ODO/E of the mean minimum thickness ODO of elastomer present on the sheath to the mean thickness E of the reinforced product is less than or equal to 0.17, the mean minimum thickness of elastomer ODO and mean thickness E of the reinforced product being measured in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main direction.21. The reinforced product according to claim 20 , wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.15.22. The reinforced product according to claim 20 , wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.10.23. The reinforced product according to claim 20 , wherein the ratio R1 is less than or equal to 0.07.24. The reinforced product according to claim 20 , wherein the mean minimum thickness ODO is less than or equal to 0.17 ...

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Номер записи: 97
14-06-2018 дата публикации

Tire Comprising Working Layers Formed By Individual Wires

Номер: US20180162168A1
Автор: LARDJANE Aurore, Martin Vincent, NAVARRO-LOSADA Claudia, PARMANTIER Jean-François
Принадлежит:

Tire comprising a crown reinforcement formed of four working crown layers of reinforcing elements. In a meridian plane, the thickness of the four working crown layers, measured in the equatorial plane, is less than 5 mm, the reinforcing elements of the four working crown layers being individual metal wires of diameter less than 0.50 mm, the distance between the reinforcing elements, measured along the normal to the direction of the mean line of the wire, being strictly less than 1 mm, and the axial width of each of the four working crown layers being greater than 60% of the axial width of the tread. 1. A fire with radial carcass reinforcement for a vehicle of the heavy-duty type comprising a crown reinforcement comprising four working crown layers of reinforcing elements , crossed from one layer to the other , making with the circumferential direction angles of between 10° and 45° , which is itself capped radially by a tread , the said tread being connected to two beads by two sidewalls , wherein , in a meridian plane , the thickness of the four working crown layers , measured in the equatorial plane , is less than 5 mm , wherein the reinforcing elements of the four working crown layers are individual metal wires of diameter less than 0.50 mm , wherein the distance between the reinforcing elements , measured along the normal to the direction of the mean line of the wire , is strictly less than 1 mm , and wherein the axial width of each of the four working crown layers is greater than 60% of the axial width of the tread.2. The tire according to claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the individual metal wires of the four working crown layers is greater than or equal to 0.25 mm.3. The tire according to claim 1 , a working crown layer of reinforcing elements comprising two skim layers between which the reinforcing elements are positioned claim 1 , wherein the skim thickness measured in a radial direction on each side of a reinforcing element is less than 0.30 mm.4. The tire ...

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Номер записи: 98
14-06-2018 дата публикации

Pneumatic Tire

Номер: US20180162180A1
Автор: Atsushi Tanno, Isamu Kishizoe, Yousuke Sakamoto
Принадлежит: Yokohama Rubber Co Ltd

A pneumatic tire includes a tread portion; sidewall portions; bead portions; a carcass layer disposed extending between the pair of bead portions; a belt layer of a plurality of layers disposed on an outer circumferential side of the carcass layer in the tread portion; and a band-like noise absorbing member adhered to a region corresponding to a tire inner surface of the tread portion along the tire circumferential direction interposed by an adhesive layer. The pneumatic tire further includes a belt cover layer being disposed on an outer circumferential side of the belt layer across an entire width of the belt layer, the belt cover layer including organic fiber cords arranged in the tire circumferential direction; and a rate of change of a dynamic loaded radius when traveling at 270 km/h with respect to a dynamic loaded radius when traveling at 30 km/h being restricted to 2.0% or less.

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Номер записи: 99
11-09-2014 дата публикации

RADIAL TIRE FOR MOTORCYCLE

Номер: US20140251520A1
Автор: NISHIMURA Akihiro
Принадлежит: SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD.

A radial tire for motorcycle comprises a tread portion provided with a belt structure composed of two cross plies of 3×3×0.17 steel cords. The steel cord has a bending rigidity of from 10.0 to 12.0 g·cm. The elongation L100 of the steel cord at a tensile load of 100 N is 1.5% to 2.0%.

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Номер записи: 100