Method and Apparatus for Controlling Acid Gas Emissions from Cement Plants

A method and apparatus for controlling emissions of acid forming gases such as sulfur dioxide from cement plants is disclosed. Gaseous effluent from the cement plant pyroprocessing chamber is routed to the plant's raw mill to heat and dry the feed meal used in cement production. When the raw mill is in operation microfine lime particles are sprayed into the raw mill using a nozzle system. The spraying of hydrated lime into the raw mill scrubs acid forming gases in the process gaseous effluent. When the raw mill is not operational, microfine lime is sprayed into a gas conditioning tower that is also used to reduce the temperature of the effluent gases to facilitate efficient collection of dust particles prior to emission of the cleansed effluent flow into the atmosphere.

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD

An air pollution control system comprises a SOx removal equipment for reducing sulfur oxides from flue gas from a boiler, a cooler for reducing the sulfur oxides that remain in the flue gas and for decreasing a gas temperature, COrecovery equipment including an absorber for bringing COin the flue gas into contact with a COabsorption liquid so as to be reduced, a regenerator for causing the COabsorption liquid to emit COso as to recover COand regenerate the COabsorption liquid, a heat exchanger which for decreasing a temperature of the flue gas, and calcium carbonate spraying equipment for spraying calcium carbonate between the heat exchanger and an electric dust collector, wherein a mist generation material in the flue gas is converted from a gas state to a mist state to arrest and reduce the mist generation material in the mist state using calcium carbonate. 1. An air pollution control system comprising:dust reduction equipment for reducing particulates from flue gas from a boiler;{'sub': 'x', 'SOremoval equipment for reducing sulfur oxides from the flue gas after the dust reduction;'}{'sub': 'x', 'a cooler which is provided on a downstream side of the SOremoval equipment, for reducing the sulfur oxides that remain in the flue gas and for decreasing a gas temperature;'}{'sub': '2', 'claim-text': [{'sub': 2', '2, 'an absorber for bringing COin the flue gas into contact with a COabsorption liquid so as to be reduced; and'}, {'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'a regenerator for causing the COabsorption liquid to emit COso as to recover COand regenerate the COabsorption liquid;'}], 'COrecovery equipment including{'sub': 'x', 'a heat exchanger which is provided on an upstream side of the SOremoval equipment, for decreasing a temperature of the flue gas; and'}calcium carbonate spraying equipment for spraying calcium carbonate between the dust reduction equipment and the heat exchanger,wherein a mist generation material in the flue gas is converted from a gas state to a mist state ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING CHLORINE BYPASS DUST AND DISCHARGE GAS

In accordance with the present invention, there is provide and device and method to facilitate the treatment of chlorine bypass dust while preventing increases in chemical cost and concentrations of heavy metals in clinker, and ensuring stability in quality of cement, and to treat chlorine bypass exhaust gas while avoiding coating troubles in a cement kiln etc., and preventing heat losses in a preheater etc., without degradation of clinker production amount. 1. A method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas characterized by , in a chlorine bypass facility extracting a part of combustion gas , while cooling it , from a kiln exhaust gas passage , which runs from an inlet end of a cement kiln to a bottom cyclone , and recovering a chlorine bypass dust from the extracted gas , slurring the recovered chlorine bypass dust , and contacting the slurry with the exhaust gas from the chlorine bypass facility.2. The method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said recovered chlorine bypass dust is slurried after classified claim 1 , and the slurry is contacted with the exhaust gas from the chlorine bypass facility.3. The method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas as claimed in claim 2 , wherein a classification point when the chlorine bypass dust is classified is controlled by an amount of SOcontained in the exhaust gas from the chlorine bypass facility for contacting to the slurry (a product of an amount of the exhaust gas from the chlorine bypass facility and SOconcentration in the exhaust gas).4. The method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas as claimed in claim 3 , wherein said classification point is determined such that 70 mass percent or more and 100 mass percent or less of the recovered chlorine bypass dust passes through 10 μm mesh.5. The method of treating chlorine bypass dust and chlorine bypass exhaust gas as claimed in one ...

Method for controlling compounds and conditions in a wet flue gas desulfurization (wfgd) unit

The present invention relates generally to the field of emissions control and, in particular to a new and useful method and/or system by which to control various types of corrosion and/or precipitation issues in at least a portion of a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) scrubber system. In one embodiment, the method and/or system of the present invention relies on the supply of at least one reducing agent to the slurry of a wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber to lower the oxidation reduction potential in the absorber slurry contained within the wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber. In still another embodiment, the method and/or system of the present invention control the oxidation-reduction potential in at least one bleed stream of an absorber slurry, filtrate, and/or solution from a wet flue gas desulfurization scrubber.

PROCESS FOR CONTINUOUS MODIFICATION OF DIHYDRATE GYPSUM AND MODIFIED DIHYDRATE GYPSUM OBTAINED BY THE PROCESS

A process for the continuous modification of dihydrate gypsum includes calcining dihydrate gypsum into hemihydrate gypsum and recrystallizing the hemihydrate gypsum in an aqueous slurry to convert the hemihydrate gypsum into modified dihydrate gypsum of different crystalline form. The aqueous slurry in a recrystallization reaction tank is maintained at a constant temperature under stirring, and a feed rate of the hemihydrate gypsum to the recrystallization reaction tank and a discharge rate of the recrystallized dihydrate gypsum are controlled to substantially equal. Dihydrate gypsum as a starting raw material can be converted into high-purity, modified dihydrate gypsum of large crystals by recrystallizing the starting dihydrate gypsum after it is once calcined into hemihydrate gypsum. 117.-. (canceled)18. A process for modifying dihydrate gypsum , comprising:a calcination step of subjecting the dihydrate gypsum as a starting raw material to calcination to convert the dihydrate gypsum into hemihydrate gypsum,a recrystallization step of using a slurry with the hemihydrate gypsum, which has been obtained in the calcination step, contained as solid matter therein, and hydrating and recrystallizing the hemihydrate gypsum in the presence of a surfactant and/or a defoaming agent to modify the hemihydrate gypsum into dihydrate gypsum having a higher brightness compared with the dihydrate gypsum as the starting raw material, anda separation step of separating, from a slurry after completion of the recrystallization step, the modified dihydrate gypsum by an elutriation method.19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein in the recrystallization step claim 18 , the surfactant and/or the defoaming agent is incorporated in a range of from 0.01 to 0.2 wt % based on the dihydrate gypsum as the raw material.20. The process according to claim 18 , wherein in the separation step claim 18 , water is added again to the dihydrate gypsum separated by the elutriation method claim 18 , ...

A PROCESS FOR TREATING A SULFUROUS FLUID TO FORM GYPSUM AND MAGNESIUM CARBONATE

A process for treating a sulfurous fluid to form gypsum and magnesium carbonate, whereby the sulfurous fluid is scrubbed with a sequestrating agent to yield a scrubbed fluid, gypsum and magnesium sulfate. The flue gas desulfurized gypsum is isolated from the magnesium sulfate solution by filtration or centrifugation. The magnesium sulfate is reacted with a carbonate salt to produce a magnesium carbonate whereby the reaction conditions are controlled to control the properties of the magnesium carbonate produced. 1. A process for treating a sulfurous fluid to form gypsum and magnesium carbonate , comprising:contacting the sulfurous fluid with a sequestrating agent to yield a scrubbed fluid, gypsum and magnesium sulfate; andreacting a carbonate salt with the magnesium sulfate to produce a magnesium carbonate.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising separating at least a portion of the gypsum from the magnesium sulfate to form a gypsum product.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the separating is by filtration or centrifugation.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the moisture content of the gypsum product after separating does not exceed 10%.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the gypsum product comprises at least one impurity selected from the group consisting of a carbonate claim 2 , a sulfate claim 2 , an iron mineral claim 2 , and an organic species.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sequestrating agent is a calcium-containing carbonate mineral.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the calcium-containing carbonate material is dolomite or dolomitic limestone.8. The process of claim 6 , wherein the calcium-containing carbonate mineral has an average particle size ranging from 50 μm to 100 μm.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sulfurous fluid is a flue gas with a temperature ranging from 350° C. to 1200° C.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the contacting removes 98 to 99% of sulfur from the sulfurous fluid.11. The process of claim 1 , further ...

SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF CaSO4-BASED HARDENING ACCELERATORS

The invention concerns a method for producing pulverulent hardening accelerators by reactive spray drying, where an aqueous phase I comprising calcium ions, and an aqueous phase II comprising sulphate ions, the molar ratio of the calcium ions to the sulphate ions being from 1/5 to 5/1, are contacted at a spray nozzle, and the phases I and II contacted with one another at the spray nozzle are sprayed in a streaming environment of drying gas. Likewise concerned are the pulverulent hardening accelerators producible by the method of the invention, and their use for accelerating the hardening of bassanite and/or anhydrite with formation of gypsum. 1. A method for producing a pulverulent CaSO-based hardening accelerator , the method comprising:a) contacting, at a spray nozzle, an aqueous phase I comprising liquid calcium ions and an aqueous phase H comprising liquid sulphate ions, the molar ratio of the calcium ions in phase I to the sulphate ions in phase II being from 1/5 to 5/1, andb) spraying phases I and II from said contacting with one another at the spray nozzle into a streaming environment of drying gas with an entry temperature in the range from 120 to 300° C. and an exit temperature in the range from 60 to 120° C., whereinthe calcium ions react with the sulphate ions and, with removal of water by the carrier gas, the pulverulent hardening accelerator is obtained.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the spray nozzle is a multi-channel nozzle.3. The method according to claim 2 , whereinthe multi-channel nozzle comprises at least two channels,the aqueous phase I comprising liquid calcium ions and the aqueous phase II comprising liquid sulphate ions are supplied separately into at least two of the channels, andphases I and II are contacted with one another at an outlet of the channels of the nozzle during said contacting.4. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein phase I comprises an aqueous solution of a calcium salt,wherein phase II comprises an aqueous ...

NON-EXPLOSIVE AND NON-FLAMMABLE NITROGENOUS FERTILIZER BASED ON AMMONIUM NITRATE

The present invention, entitled “Non-explosive and non-flammable nitrogenous fertilizer based on ammonium nitrate”, is a chemical fertilizer intended, mainly, for the contribution in nitrogen input into agricultural soils, essentially in granule form. Said product solves or minimizes many of the main problems found in the chemical fertilizer industry, including the following: the use of fertilizers in the production of explosives for terrorism purposes; the release of noxious gases and greenhouse gases, such as NOx and ammonia; the contamination of water tables by the run-off of chemical substances, especially nitrates, owing to rainfall; and chemical fertilizers having fixed content in terms of nitrogen percentage. The present invention, “Non-explosive nitrogenous fertilizer based on ammonium nitrate”, can contain a variable nitrogen concentration of 30% to 40%. 1. A nitrogenous chemical fertilizer hereinafter called “Non-explosive and non-flammable nitrogenous fertilizer based on ammonium nitrate” , manufactured essentially from ammonium nitrate , urea and formaldehyde and which can be sold in the non-flammable and non-explosive solid state.2. A nitrogenous chemical fertilizer hereinafter called “Non-explosive and non-flammable nitrogenous fertilizer based on ammonium nitrate” as claimed in claim 1 , of which the synthesis process is carried out as follows:a) Mixing urea, ammonium nitrate and formaldehyde in water.b) Stirring until homogenization of the mixture.c) Adding a catalyst.d) Stirring if necessary.e) Waiting with or without maintaining the stirring until the end of the reaction.f) Drying, which may or may not be followed by granulation of the product obtained.3. The invention as claimed in claim 1 , has as main objective the enrichment of soils with nitrogen in various ionic forms which can be sold in the form of granules.4. The invention as claimed in claim 1 , derives essentially from an aqueous mixture of formaldehyde claim 1 , ammonium nitrate and ...

Methods for Coal Combustion Product (CCP) Recovery and Related Products

Methods of recovering coal combustion products (CCPs) from coal combination byproducts are disclosed. The methods include compiling coal combustion byproducts (e.g., lignite coal and/or bituminous coal), grinding the coal combustion byproducts to form ground coal combustion byproducts with a maximum particle size of 40 microns, and separating the ground coal combustion byproducts to yield CCPs using an electrostatic precipitator. The following CCPs can be separated from the coal combination byproducts using the presently disclosed methods: fly ash, bottom ash, scrubber materials, and raw coal. 1. A method of recovering coal combustion products (CCPs) from coal combination byproducts , the method comprising:compiling coal combustion byproducts;grinding the coal combustion byproducts to form ground coal combustion byproducts with a maximum particle size of 40 microns; andseparating the ground coal combustion byproducts to yield CCPs using an electrostatic precipitator.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coal combustion byproducts include calcium sulfite claim 1 , calcium sulfate claim 1 , and pyrites.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coal combustion byproducts are selected from the group consisting of: lignite coal and bituminous coal.4. The method of further comprising removing moisture from the coal combustion byproducts to achieve a moisture content of between 5% and 15%.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein separating the ground coal combustion byproducts using an electrostatic precipitator includes separating sulfur and silica compounds from ground-down bottom ash and fly ash.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the following CCPs are separated from the coal combination byproducts: fly ash claim 1 , bottom ash claim 1 , scrubber materials claim 1 , and raw coal.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the scrubber materials include calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the bottom ash contains pyrites.9. A method comprising:obtaining ...

FORMING EVAPORITE MINERAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR USE AS FERTILISER

A method for separating a particulate stream of an evaporite mineral feedstock, the method comprising passing the stream to an air classifier configured to separate the particulate stream into a fine component and a coarse component. 1. A method for separating a particulate stream of an evaporite mineral feedstock , the method comprising passing the stream to an air classifier configured to separate the particulate stream into a fine component and a coarse component.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 90% by mass of the fine component has a maximum diameter less than 400 μm.3. A method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein at least 90% by mass of the fine component has a maximum diameter less than 250 μm.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 90% by mass of the coarse component has a minimum diameter greater than 150 μm.5. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 90% by mass of the fine component has a minimum diameter greater than 180 μm.6. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the evaporite mineral is one of Anyhdrite claim 1 , Carnalite claim 1 , Gypsum claim 1 , Halite claim 1 , Kainite claim 1 , Kieserite claim 1 , Langbeinite claim 1 , Sylvite and Polyhalite.7. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the evaporite mineral is Polyhalite.8. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the density of the evaporite mineral is in the range from 2.6 to 3.0 g/cm.9. A method as claimed in claim 1 , comprising pelletising at least part of the fine component.10. A method as claimed in claim 9 , comprising spreading pellets formed in the said pelletising step as a fertiliser. This invention relates to forming a powder of an evaporite mineral and to forming pelletised products, for example for use as fertiliser.Polyhalite is an evaporite mineral. It is a complex hydrated sulphate of potassium, calcium and magnesium of general formula KCaMg(SO).2HO. Deposits of Polyhalite occur in, amongst other countries, Austria, China, Germany, India, ...

FERTILIZER COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME

Generally, the instant disclosure relates to fertilizer compositions and methods of making and using the same. More specifically, the instant disclosure relates to blast suppressant and/or blast resistant ammonium nitrate fertilizer compositions, as well as methods of making and using the same. 1. A fertilizer composition , comprising:an ammonium nitrate material; andan effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse of not greater than 13.5 kPa*ms/kg when measured in accordance with a blast propagation test;wherein the stabilizer material comprises an aluminum production byproduct, wherein the stabilizer material is at least 12.5 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum production byproduct comprises: a layered double hydroxide.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises hydrocalumite.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises hydrotalcite.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises hydroxyapatite.6. In some embodiments claim 1 , the stabilizer material comprises an additive.7. A fertilizer composition claim 1 , comprising:an ammonium nitrate material; andan effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse of not greater than 13.5 kPa*ms/kg when measured in accordance with a blast propagation test;wherein the stabilizer material is selected from the group consisting of: layered double hydroxide, apatite, and combinations thereof;wherein the stabilizer material is at least 12.5 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.8. The fertilizer of claim 7 , further comprising a filler material.9. The fertilizer of claim 8 , wherein the filler material is selected from the group consisting of: bauxite residue claim 8 , fire clay claim 8 , red lime claim 8 , and combinations thereof.10. A fertilizer composition claim 8 , comprising:an ammonium nitrate material; andan effective amount ...

CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY SYSTEM AND CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY METHOD

A carbon dioxide recovery system includes: a first heat exchanger that is disposed between a boiler and a desulfurization device, cools exhaust gas g flowing from the boiler to the desulfurization device, and heats a first heat medium w; and a carbon dioxide recovery device that, when supplied with heat of the first heat medium w, separates and recovers carbon dioxide from an absorber having absorbed the carbon dioxide. 19-. (canceled)10. A carbon dioxide recovery method , comprising:cooling exhaust gas flowing from a boiler to a desulfurization device and heating a first heat medium by a first heat exchanger disposed between the boiler and the desulfurization device; andseparating and recovering carbon dioxide from an absorber having absorbed the carbon dioxide by supplying heat of the first heat medium to a carbon dioxide recovery device. The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide recovery system and a carbon dioxide recovery method that separate and recover carbon dioxide from an absorber having absorbed the carbon dioxide.Conventionally, a carbon dioxide recovery system that separates and recovers carbon dioxide from an absorber having absorbed the carbon dioxide has been known. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a configuration in which steam discharged from the exit of a steam turbine is compressed to increase temperature at a compressor, and then supplied to an adsorbent-filled tank for carbon dioxide desorption.However, with the above-described conventional configuration, since steam for carbon dioxide desorption needs to be compressed to increase temperature at the compressor, energy for driving the compressor is needed, which is a problem.An object of the present invention, which has been made to solve the above-described problem, is to provide a carbon dioxide recovery system and a carbon dioxide recovery method that can achieve energy saving.In order to achieve the above-described object, a carbon dioxide recovery system according to one ...

Reinforced polyolefin compositions and related products and methods

A granular particulate anhydrite reinforcing agent for polyolefin compositions may be used at a low concentration to provide enhanced composition properties, and particularly in relation to flexural properties.

AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL DEVICE FOR SCRUBBER, AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL METHOD FOR SCRUBBER, AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL DEVICE AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL METHOD

A method for controlling an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater, includes calculating a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, from an engine output, a sulfur content of fuel oil, and a predetermined alkalinity of the seawater, calculating a corrected amount of seawater as an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable based on a measured value of the sulfur oxide in the exhaust gas, calculating a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater and implementing control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount is supplied to the scrubber. 1. An amount of seawater control method for a scrubber , which controls an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater , comprising the steps of:calculating a minimum amount of seawater which is a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, from an engine output, a sulfur content of fuel oil and a predetermined alkalinity of the seawater;calculating a corrected amount of seawater which is an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable based on a measured value of the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas;calculating a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater; andimplementing control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount of seawater is supplied to the scrubber.2. The amount of seawater control method for a scrubber according to claim 1 , further ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ANHYDROUS CALCIUM NITRATE POWDER

The invention relates to a method for producing an anhydrous powder having a calcium nitrate content of between 92 and 99.9 weight %, a water content of between 0.1 and 8 weight %; and a particle size of between 0.05 and 1.5 mm, wherein the method comprises the step of subjecting a calcium nitrate solution having a water content of between 70 and 15 weight % and a calcium nitrate content of between 30 and 85 weight % to a drying step in an industrial turbo-dryer, resulting in the anhydrous calcium nitrate powder. The invention furthermore relates to such an anhydrous calcium nitrate powder and the use of an industrial turbo-dryer to produce such anhydrous calcium nitrate powder. 114-. (canceled)15. A method for producing an anhydrous powder , wherein the method comprises the step of subjecting a calcium nitrate solution having a water content of between 70 and 15 weight % of water and a calcium nitrate content of between 30 and 85 weight % to a drying step , wherein the industrial turbo-dryer comprises a drum having a horizontal axis and being closed at opposite ends that are provided with openings for the introduction of the solution and a stream of dry air travelling in the same direction, and further comprises a heating jacket for heating the internal wall of the tubular body to a predetermined temperature, and a bladed rotor rotatable supported in the drum, and', 'wherein the drying step produces the anhydrous calcium nitrate powder having, 'CHARACTERISED IN THAT the calcium nitrate solution is subjected to a drying step performed at a temperature of between 200 and 300° C. in an industrial turbo-dryer,'}a calcium nitrate content of between 92 and 99.9 weight %;a water content of between 0.1 and 8 weight %; anda particle size of between 0.05 and 1.5 mm.16. The method according to claim 15 , characterized in that the drying step is performed a temperature of between 240 and 280° C.17. The method according to claim 15 , characterized in that the calcium nitrate ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARATION OF LACTIDE USING LACTIDE PURIFICATION PROCESS

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for preparation of lactide using a lactide purification process, comprising introducing an aqueous solution comprising lactic acid into a reactor filled with a catalyst and reacting the same to produce crude lactide vapor; and purifying the crude lactide vapor to produce lactide crystals, wherein a first purification comprises collecting and crystallizing the crude lactide vapor using a first solvent to produce lactide crystals, and separating the lactide crystal from a residue through filtration. 1. A method for preparing lactide comprising:(i) introducing an aqueous solution comprising lactic acid into a reactor filled with a catalyst and reacting the same to produce crude lactide vapor; and(ii) purifying the crude lactide vapor produced in the step (i) to produce lactide crystals, wherein the step (ii) comprises:(ii-a) collecting and crystallizing the crude lactide vapor using a first solvent to produce lactide crystals, and (ii-b) separating the lactide crystals from a residue through filtration.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , and butanol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent cools claim 1 , collects claim 1 , and crystallizes the crude lactide vapor at a temperature between 5° C. and 20° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solubility of lactide in the first solvent is 0.1 or less at a temperature between 5° C. and 20° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vapor pressure of the first solvent is between 5 hPa and 70 hPa at 20° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the steps (ii-a) and (ii-b) are conducted simultaneously.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising (iii) re-purifying the lactide crystals after the step (ii) claim 1 ,wherein the step (iii) comprises:(iii-a) dissolving the lactide crystals in a second solvent which has the same components as the first solvent,( ...

Combined Solids-Producing Direct-Contact Exchange and Separations

A method for separating a dissolved product from a liquid is disclosed. A carrier liquid is cooled in a direct-contact exchanger, the direct-contact exchanger using a liquid coolant to cool the carrier liquid. The carrier liquid comprises a dissolved product. The carrier liquid and the liquid coolant are substantially immiscible. A portion of the dissolved product is condensed, frozen, deposited, desublimated, or a combination thereof out of the carrier liquid as a solid product at a liquid-liquid interface between the liquid coolant and the carrier liquid. The solid product is entrained in the carrier liquid, the liquid coolant, or a combination thereof. The solid product is separated from the carrier liquid, the liquid coolant, or a combination thereof. 1. A method for separating a dissolved product from a liquid comprising:cooling a carrier liquid in a direct-contact exchanger, the direct-contact exchanger using a liquid coolant to cool the carrier liquid, wherein the carrier liquid comprises a dissolved product, and wherein the carrier liquid and the liquid coolant are substantially immiscible;condensing, freezing, depositing, desublimating, or a combination thereof, a portion of the dissolved product out of the carrier liquid as a solid product at a liquid-liquid interface between the liquid coolant and the carrier liquid;entraining the solid product in the carrier liquid, the liquid coolant, or a combination thereof;separating the solid product from the carrier liquid, the liquid coolant, or a combination thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carrier liquid is a slurry comprising an entrained solid product and the dissolved product deposits on the entrained solid product at the liquid-liquid interface.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the entrained solid product melts as the dissolved product deposits on the entrained solid product.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the entrained solid product is a same compound as the dissolved ...

SYNTHESIS AND USE OF GYPSUM SEEDING MATERIAL

The invention relates to a process for producing calcium sulphate dihydrate by reacting a water-soluble calcium compound with a water-soluble sulphate compound in the presence of water and a polymer containing acid groups, wherein the polymer containing acid groups comprises specific polyether groups. Additionally disclosed are calcium sulphate dihydrate producible by the process according to the invention, and the use thereof for production of gypsum plasterboard. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for producing calcium sulphate dihydrate comprising the steps of reacting a water-soluble calcium compound with a water-soluble sulphate compound in the presence of water and a polymer containing acid groups , wherein the polymer containing acid groups comprises polyether groups of the structural unit (I){'br': None, 'sub': k', 'n, '*—U—(C(O))—X-(AlkO)—W \u2003\u2003(I)'}wherein:* is a bonding site to the polymer containing acid groups;U is a chemical bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;{'sup': '1', 'X is oxygen or an NRgroup;'}K is 0 or 1;n is an integer with a mean, based on the polymer containing acid groups, in the range from 3 to 300;{'sub': 2', '4', 'n, 'Alk is C-C-alkylene, wherein Alk may be the same or different within the (Alk-O)group;'}{'sub': 1', '6, 'W is a hydrogen, C-C-alkyl or aryl radical or is the Y—F group;'}Y is a linear or branched alkylene group which has 2 to 8 carbon atoms and may bear a phenyl ring; and{'sup': '2', 'F is a nitrogen-bonded 5- to 10-membered heterocycle containing a nitrogen which may have, as ring members, as well as the nitrogen atom and as well as carbon atoms, 1, 2 or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, wherein the nitrogen ring members may have an Rgroup, wherein 1 or 2 carbon ring members may be in the form of carbonyl groups;'}{'sup': '1', 'sub': 1', '4, 'Ris hydrogen, C-C-alkyl or benzyl; and'}{'sup': '2', 'sub': 1', '4, 'Ris hydrogen, C-C-alkyl or benzyl.'}17. A process ...

NANO-LEUCITE FOR SLOW RELEASE NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND GREEN ENVIRONMENT

To compete with the increasing global food demand, it is necessary to increase the food production. Fertilizers which are in practice now a days has major disadvantage that 50% of nutrient contents loss due to leaching and also leads to ground water contamination. Slow release nitrogenous fertilizers are good in this regard in that they have minimum nutrient loss due to leaching. Potassium aluminium silicate (Leucite) nanoparticles occluded by calcium ammonium nitrates are slow release fertilizers and are synthesized by hydrothermal method. Its application as slow released nitrates fertilizers was determined by observing nitrate release for 16 days. 1. A method for preparing a nanoparticle potassium aluminum silicate and occluding its inner structure with calcium ammonium nitrate to provide a sustained release fertilizer , such method comprising:a. making a solution consisting of 0.7 to 0.8% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 16.67% of potassium hydroxide and 0.7 to 0.8% aluminum chloride and thoroughly mixing the contents for 10-15 minutes;b. adding a sufficient quantity of silica in the solution in step a such that the final concentration of silica is 7 to 8%;c. stirring the mixture in step b for another 20-30 minutes;d. autoclaving the mixture in step c at 180 C for four hours;e. cooling the autoclaved material in step d and filtering through filter;f. washing the filtrate in step e with methanol until pH of the solution becomes neutral;g. washing the filtrate from step f with distilled water three times;h. calcining the product from step g at 550 C for three hours;i. combining one part of the product from step h with 4 parts of ground calcium ammonium nitrate in an alumina crucible;j. heating the crucible to 160 to 180 C for four hours;k. cooling down the crucible and transferring the material in crucible to a centrifuge;l. washing the material with water in the centrifuge operating between 10,000 to 15,000 rpm for 1 minute and repeating the process five times; andm. air- ...

METHOD FOR WATER PURIFICATION BY DIRECT OSMOSIS AND CRYSTALLISATION OF CLATHRATES HYDRATES

A method is disclosed for purifying, by direct osmosis, a first liquid including water and at least one impurity, in which the method comprises the consecutive steps of: contacting the first liquid with a first side of a semi-permeable membrane, a second aqueous liquid containing an osmotic agent being in contact with the second side of the semi-permeable membrane, whereby water is extracted by direct osmosis from the first liquid through the semi-permeable membrane and passes into the second liquid containing the osmotic agent; forming clathrates hydrates of a host molecule in the second liquid containing the osmotic agent into which the water has passed; separating the clathrates hydrates from the second liquid containing the osmotic agent; and dissociating the separated clathrates hydrates to obtain pure water and the host molecule. 1. A method for purifying a first liquid comprising water and at least one impurity , by direct osmosis , in which the following successive steps are performed:a) contacting the first liquid with a first side of a semi-permeable membrane, a second aqueous liquid containing an osmotic agent being in contact with the second side of the semi-permeable membrane, whereby water is extracted by direct osmosis from the first liquid through the semi-permeable membrane and passes into the second liquid containing the osmotic agent;b) forming clathrates hydrates of a host molecule in the second liquid containing the osmotic agent into which the water has passed;c) separating the clathrates hydrates from the second liquid containing the osmotic agent; andd) dissociating the separated clathrates hydrates to obtain pure water and the host molecule.2. The method according to claim 1 , which is continuously performed.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first liquid and the second liquid are aqueous solutions.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the impurity is any element claim 1 , molecule claim 1 , ion claim 1 , or other claim ...

AQUEOUS SEAWEED EXTRACT IN THE FORM OF A SOLUTION CONCENTRATE

There is provided an aqueous seaweed extract in the form of a solution concentrate composition comprising: (a) at least 0.5% by weight soluble alginate based on the weight of concentrate composition; (b) at least 0.1% calcium by weight based on the weight of concentrate composition; (c) a calcium-chelating agent; and (d) a borate compound. 1. There is provided an aqueous seaweed extract in the form of a solution concentrate composition comprising:(a) at least 0.5% by weight soluble alginate based on the weight of concentrate composition;(b) at least 0.1% calcium by weight based on the weight of concentrate composition;(c) a calcium-chelating agent; and(d) a borate compound.2. An aqueous seaweed extract according to claim 1 , wherein the soluble alginate is present in an amount of at least 2% by weight of the concentrate composition.3. An aqueous seaweed extract according to claim 1 , wherein the borate (as boron equivalent) is present in an amount in the range of from 0.02 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the concentrate composition.4. An aqueous seaweed extract according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of borate (as boron equivalent) to calcium is in the range of from 1:1 to 1:25.5. An aqueous seaweed extract according to claim 1 , wherein calcium chelating agent is present in an amount in the range of from 0.1% to 8% by weight based on the weight of the concentrate composition.6. An aqueous seaweed extract according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of chelating agent:calcium is in the range of from 12:1 to 1:4.7. An aqueous seaweed extract according to claim 1 , comprising at least 60% w/w water.8. An aqueous seaweed extract according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises no more than 95% w/w water.9. An aqueous seaweed extract according to claim 1 , wherein the seaweed extract solution concentrate composition comprises:(a) alginate in an amount in the range of from 5% to 25% by weight of the weight of the concentrate composition;(b) ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING GRANULATED NITROGEN-POTASH FERTILIZER

The invention can be applied in the chemical industry when producing complex mineral fertilizers using ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride. A method for producing granulated nitrogen-potash fertilizer is carried out by mixing a concentrated solution of ammonium nitrate with potassium chloride and ammonia, granulating the resulting mixture and drying the product. In the process of granulation, the resulting particulate product has, applied to same, an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate having 24-30 percent concentration by mass, in an amount which allows for the magnesium sulfate contents in the finished product based on MgO to be no less than 0.5 percent by mass. The strength of the fertilizer granules is thus increased and the caking thereof during prolonged storage is decreased. In addition, by maintaining the MgO in the finished product at 0.5-1.0 percent by mass, a minimum consumption of magnesium sulfate is achieved. 1. A method for producing a granulated nitrogen-potash fertilizer , comprising mixing a concentrated ammonium nitrate solution with potassium chloride and ammonia , granulating the mixture , and drying a product , characterized in that at the step of granulation , an aqueous solution of magnesium sulfate at a concentration of 24-30% by weight is applied on a produced dispersion product in an amount that provides the content of magnesium sulfate in a final product not less than 0.5 wt. % based on MgO.2. The method for producing according to claim 1 , characterized in that the content of MgO in the final product is maintained between 0.5 to 1.0 wt. %. The invention relates to processes for producing nitrogen-potash fertilizers on the basis of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride that are used in agriculture; the invention can be used in the chemical industry in the manufacture of mineral fertilizers.A method for producing granulated nitrogen-potash fertilizer is known that comprises mixing a concentrated ammonium nitrate solution with ...

CALCIUM SULFATE CRYSTALS AND METHODS FOR MAKING THE SAME

A composition of matter is provided, including anhydrite calcium sulfate whiskers having a mean aspect ratio of at least 30. Another composition of matter is provided, including alpha-derived anhydrite calcium sulfate whiskers. Yet another composition of matter is provided, including fine alpha particle-derived anhydrite calcium sulfate whiskers. 1. A composition of matter , comprising alpha-derived anhydrite calcium sulfate whiskers.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers have a mean aspect ratio from about 30 to about 140.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers have a mean diameter from about 0.3 μm to about 1.5 μm.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers have a mean length from about 20 μm to about 100 μm.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers have a mean length from about 60 μm to about 75 μm claim 1 , a mean diameter from about 1.0 μm to about 1.5 μm claim 1 , and a mean aspect ratio from about 40 to about 75.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers comprise fine alpha particle-derived anhydrite calcium sulfate whiskers.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the whiskers have a mean length from about 45 μm to about 55 μm claim 6 , a mean diameter from about 0.4 μm to about 0.8 μm claim 6 , and a mean aspect ratio from about 55 to about 140.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers have a Mohs hardness from about 3 to about 3.5.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers are thermally stable up to at least 1400° C.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers have a mean true density of greater than 2.91 g/cm.11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers have a mean true density from about 2.913 g/cmto about 2.918 g/cm.12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the whiskers have a mean specific surface area from about 2.283 m/g to about 2.304 m/g.13. A composition of matter claim 1 , comprising anhydrite calcium sulfate whiskers having a mean aspect ratio of at ...

Oxidation system and method for cleaning waste combustion flue gas

Methods and systems for the removal of SO2 from waste combustion flue gas are described herein. The subject methods and systems entail one step, two steps or three steps to produce cleaned flue gas for release to the atmosphere.

COMPOSITION COMPRISING AMMONIUM NITRATE-BASED PARTICLES AND A GELLING AGENT

The present invention relates to a solid, particulate, non-explosive composition comprising ammonium nitrate-based particles, in particular a fertilizer composition, of which, on the one hand, the potential misuse as a precursor for an explosive composition is limited without, on the other hand, hampering its legitimate use by farmers for food production. The solid, particulate, non-explosive composition further comprises a gelling agent which is able to form a substantially water-insoluble and non-filterable hydrogel after the solid fertilizer composition is contacted with water. The gelling agent is selected from the group of gum-based gelling agents, in particular xanthan gum-based agents and guar gum-based agents, most preferably is a xanthan gum-based agent. 118-. (canceled)19. A solid , particulate , non-explosive composition comprising ammonium nitrate-based particles and such an amount of a gelling agent that a substantially water-insoluble and non-filterable hydrogel is formed after said solid composition is contacted with water , wherein said solid composition has a maximum organic carbon content of 0.4 weight % and an average particle size of at least 1 mm.20. The composition according to claim 19 , wherein said average particle size of the solid composition is an average diameter as determined by sieving claim 19 , ranging from 1 to 25 mm.21. The composition according to claim 19 , wherein said gelling agent is selected from the group consisting of gum-based gelling agents.22. The composition according to claim 19 , wherein said gelling agent is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum-based gelling agents and guar gum-based gelling agents.23. The composition according to claim 19 , wherein said ammonium nitrate-based particles comprise a coating of the gelling agent.24. The composition according to claim 19 , wherein said composition comprises the gelling agent integrated within the ammonium nitrate-based particles.25. The composition according ...

Flue gas desulfurization apparatus

An apparatus is provided for removing sulfur oxides from a flue gas stream. That apparatus includes an absorber tower having an upper section and a lower section. A packed bed unit is provided in the upper section of the absorber tower. A first recycling circuit is provided for recycling lime water to the lower section of the absorber. Further the apparatus includes a second recycling circuit for recycling caustic solution to the packed bed unit.

AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL DEVICE FOR SCRUBBER, AMOUNT OF SEAWATER CONTROL METHOD FOR SCRUBBER, AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL DEVICE AND AMOUNT OF ALKALI CONTROL METHOD

An amount of seawater control device controls an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater. The control device includes a minimum amount of seawater converter which calculates a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, an amount of seawater correction converter which calculates a corrected amount of seawater which is an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable, a summing element which calculates a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater, and a pump control device which implements control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount is supplied to the scrubber. 1. An amount of seawater control device for a scrubber , which controls an amount of seawater supplied to a scrubber that purifies sulfur oxide contained in exhaust gas by bringing the sulfur oxide into contact with seawater , comprising:a minimum amount of seawater converter which calculates a minimum amount of seawater which is a minimum amount of seawater necessary for an absorption reaction of the sulfur oxide by the seawater, from an engine output and a sulfur content of fuel oil;an amount of seawater correction converter which calculates a corrected amount of seawater which is an amount of seawater at which the sulfur oxide contained in the exhaust gas discharged into atmosphere from the scrubber is equal to or less than a set variable;a summing element which calculates a set amount of seawater by summing the minimum amount of seawater and the corrected amount of seawater; anda pump control device which implements control such that seawater corresponding to the set amount of seawater is supplied to the scrubber.2. The amount of seawater control device for a ...

MERCURY RE-EMISSION CONTROL

A method for reducing mercury emission and/or re-emission in cleaned flue gas through control of dissolved mercury species concentration within a wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system is disclosed. One method for reducing mercury emission and/or re-emission through control of dissolved mercury species concentration is to measure the dissolved mercury species concentration of an aqueous alkaline slurry used in a WFGD system and/or measuring mercury concentration of cleaned flue gas from a WFGD system and comparing the same to a predetermined dissolved mercury species concentration value and/or a predetermined mercury concentration value. If the comparison reveals the measured dissolved mercury species concentration or mercury concentration is above the predetermined values therefor, the amount of cyclodextrin additive supplied to the system is increased. If the comparison reveals the measured dissolved mercury species concentration or mercury concentration is below the predetermined values, the amount of cyclodextrin additive supplied to the system is decreased. 1. A method for controlling , reducing or preventing mercury emission or re-emission levels in a cleaned combustion flue gas comprises:supplying a combustion flue gas to a WFGD system for direct contact with an aqueous alkaline slurry for removal of contaminants from the flue gas to produce a cleaned flue gas;measuring a dissolved mercury species concentration or mercury concentration to obtain a measured concentration value in the WFGD system for comparison to a predetermined concentration value; andadjusting an amount of cyclodextrin additive supplied to the WFGD system to increase or decrease the measured concentration value to reduce levels of mercury emission and/or re-emission in the produced cleaned flue gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dissolved mercury species concentration is measured in the aqueous alkaline slurry of the WFGD system.3. The method according to claim 1 , ...

FERTILIZER COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME

Generally, the instant disclosure relates to fertilizer compositions and methods of making and using the same. More specifically, the instant disclosure relates to blast suppressant and/or blast resistant ammonium nitrate fertilizer compositions, as well as methods of making and using the same. 1. A fertilizer composition , comprising:an ammonium nitrate material; andan effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in. a specific impulse of not greater than 13.5 kPa*ms/kg when measured in accordance with a blast propagation test;wherein the stabilizer material comprises an aluminum production byproduct, wherein the stabilizer material is at least 12.5 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the aluminum production byproduct comprises: a layered double hydroxide.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises hydrocalumite.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises hydrotalcite.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises hydroxyapatite.6. In some embodiments claim 1 , the stabilizer material comprises an additive.7. A fertilizer composition claim 1 , comprising:an ammonium nitrate material; andan effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse of not greater than 13.5 kPa*ms/kg when measured in accordance with a blast propagation test;wherein the stabilizer material is selected from the group consisting of: layered double hydroxide, apatite, and combinations thereof;wherein the stabilizer material is at least 12.5 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.8. The fertilizer of claim 7 , further comprising a filler material.9. The fertilizer of claim 8 , wherein the filler material is selected from the group consisting of: bauxite residue claim 8 , fire day claim 8 , red lime claim 8 , and combinations thereof.10. A fertilizer composition claim 8 , comprising:an ammonium nitrate material; andan effective amount ...

Manufacturing Process And Products Of Synthetic Gypsum Fertilizer With Decreased Dissolution or Solubility Profile

A manufacturing process for producing pelletized synthetic gypsum with desirable durability and dissolution/solubility properties. Raw synthetic gypsum with about 8-12% of water by weight is mixed with a binder comprising at least one polysaccharide or biogum. In a first stage, the process produces pellets by compaction to form from a mixture of the raw synthetic gypsum and the binder. At that point, the pellets have 9-12% of water by weight. In a second stage and without adding water between the first stage and the second stage, the pellets are further compacted in a tumbler or spheronizor. Next, the pellets are dried to remove moisture from the pellets. The dried pellets include less than 1% water by weight. 1. A system for producing pelletized synthetic gypsum with desirable solubility properties comprising:a forming device for receiving a mixture of raw synthetic gypsum with about 8-12% of water by weight and a binder comprising at least polysaccharide or biogum, said forming device mixing and extruding the mixture, said mixed and extruded mixture comprising 9-12% of water by weight;a tumbler for receiving the mixture for producing pellets; anda dryer for receiving the pellets, said dryer removing moisture from the pellets, wherein the dried pellets comprise less than 1% water by weight.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the binder is accompanied by micronutrients including zinc claim 1 , boron or humates.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises paper mill residue to add a time-released property to the mixture.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the binder is accompanied by one or more polymers or biological stimulants intended to enable the crop to utilize nutrients more efficiently.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the dryer is configured to dry about 3 to 10 minutes at temperatures about 150 to 190 degrees Fahrenheit.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises about 1.0%-5.0% mixture of bentonite clay.7. The system of claim 1 , ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DESULFURIZING NATURAL GAS

A device includes a desulfurization system which forms a hydrogen sulfide-containing acid gas; a system for extracting elemental sulfur and a hydrogen sulfide-containing tail gas as exhaust gas; a device for generating electricity and gypsum from the tail gas; and a gas line system for supplying acid gas from the desulfurization system to the system for extracting elemental sulfur and to the device for generating electricity and gypsum, and for supplying tail gas from the system for extracting elemental sulfur to the device for generating electricity and gypsum. The gas line system has a gas distributing apparatus which supplies acid gas solely to the system in a first position, supplies acid gas solely to the device in a second position, and supplies a first part of the acid gas to the system and a second part of the acid gas to the device in a distributing position. 115-. (canceled)16. A device for desulfurizing natural gas , comprising:a) a desulfurization system for sour gas which, in addition to the desulfurized natural gas, forms a hydrogen sulfide-containing acid gas;b) a system for extracting elemental sulfur and a hydrogen sulfide-containing tail gas as exhaust gas from the acid gas of the desulfurization system; c1) an electricity generating apparatus comprising a combustion apparatus for combustion of the tail gas or the acid gas or a mixture of the tail gas and the acid gas, wherein the energy released during combustion is at least partly used to generate electricity;', 'c2) a flue gas desulfurization system for desulfurizing the sulfur oxide-containing combustion exhaust gases produced during combustion by forming gypsum;, 'c) a device for generating electricity and gypsum from the tail gas or the acid gas or from a mixture of the acid gas and the tail gas, the device comprisingd) a gas line system for supplying acid gas from the desulfurization system to the system for extracting elemental sulfur and to the device for generating electricity and gypsum, ...

Processes for the Production of Citric Acid

The present application pertains to methods for making metal oxides and/or citric acid. In one embodiment, the application pertains to a process for producing calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, or both from a material comprising calcium and magnesium. The process may include reacting a material comprising calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate. Separating, concentrating, and calcining may lead to the production of oxides such as calcium oxide or magnesium oxide. In other embodiments the application pertains to methods for producing an alkaline-earth oxide and a carboxylic acid from an alkaline earth cation—carboxylic acid anion salt. Such processes may include, for example, reacting an alkaline-earth cation—carboxylic acid anion salt with aqueous sulfur dioxide to produce aqueous alkaline-earth—bisulfite and aqueous carboxylic acid solution. Other useful steps may include desorbing, separating, and/or calcining.

METHOD OF PRODUCING PRODUCT INORGANIC COMPOUND AND PRODUCT INORGANIC COMPOUND

A method of producing a product inorganic compound including: immersing a raw material inorganic compound having a volume of 10mor more in an electrolyte aqueous solution or an electrolyte suspension; exchanging anions in the raw material inorganic compound with anions in the electrolyte aqueous solution or the electrolyte suspension; cations in the raw material inorganic compound are exchanged with cations in the electrolyte aqueous solution or the electrolyte suspension; or including a component (that excludes water, hydrogen, and oxygen) in the electrolyte aqueous solution or the electrolyte suspension not included in the raw material inorganic compound in the raw material inorganic compound; and obtaining a product inorganic compound having a volume of 10mor more from the raw material inorganic compound. 1. A method of producing a product inorganic compound comprising:{'sup': −13', '3, '(A) immersing a raw material inorganic compound having a volume of 10mor more in an electrolyte aqueous solution or an electrolyte suspension;'}(B1) exchanging anions in the raw material inorganic compound with anions in the electrolyte aqueous solution or the electrolyte suspension, and(B2) cations in the raw material inorganic compound are exchanged with cations in the electrolyte aqueous solution or the electrolyte suspension; or(B3) including a component (provided that it excludes water, hydrogen, and oxygen) in the electrolyte aqueous solution or the electrolyte suspension that is not included in the raw material inorganic compound in the raw material inorganic compound; and{'sup': −13', '3, '(C) obtaining a product inorganic compound having a volume of 10mor more from the raw material inorganic compound,'}wherein the raw material inorganic compound has a solubility that is greater than 0 and 5 or less with respect to distilled water or the electrolyte aqueous solution at 20° C.,solubility of the product inorganic compound in the electrolyte aqueous solution or the ...

GRANULATOR FEED APPARATUS

Embodiments of the present disclosure include systems and methods of producing granulated fertilizer products. In some embodiments, the granulated fertilizer product includes a double salt of ammonium nitrate and sulfate nitrate having the formula NHSO.2(NHNO). 1. A method of producing a granulated fertilizer product comprising:providing a melt slurry;mixing an inert fluid with the melt slurry to form a mixture;spraying the mixture in a granulation bed of a granulation drum; andsolidifying the melt slurry in the granulation drum to form a granulated fertilizer product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the melt slurry comprises ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate claim 1 , and wherein the product includes a double salt of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate having the formula NHSO.2(NHNO).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least 50 wt. % of the product consists of the NHSO.2(NHNO) double salt.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein less than about 7 wt. % of the product consists of unreacted and underreacted ammonium nitrate and the NHSO.3(NHNO) double salt.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the melt slurry comprises a molar ratio of ammonium nitrate to ammonium sulfate of about 0.9:1 to about 1.1:1.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the product comprises granules having a water content from about 0.4 wt. % to about 2.0 wt. %7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the granulation bed is maintained at a temperature from about 80° C. to about 120° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert fluid is a volatile fluid and the granulated fertilizer product does not wholly include the volatile fluid.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert fluid is selected from the group consisting of: steam claim 1 , liquid water claim 1 , air claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , and argon.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert fluid is steam.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert fluid is liquid water.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inert fluid has an atmospheric ...

OXIDATION CONTROL FOR IMPROVED FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION PERFORMANCE

A system and method for controlling oxidation of sulfites in a slurry. The system includes a tank having an inlet for receiving a slurry used in wet flue gas desulfurization. The tank also includes an inlet for receiving a gas. The inlet for receiving the gas is configured so that at least a portion of the gas received in the tank is dispersed through at least a portion of the slurry received in the tank. A sensor is configured to measure a sulfite concentration Sof the slurry received in the tank. In some embodiments, the sensor is a sulfite analyzer. In other embodiments, the sensor is a virtual analyzer. The system includes a controller. Software executing on the controller generates a signal indicative of an adjustment of a flow rate of gas into the tank based at least in part on the sulfite concentration S. 1. A system for controlling oxidation of sulfites in a slurry , comprising:a tank having an inlet for receiving a slurry and an inlet for receiving a gas, the inlet for receiving the gas being configured so that at least a portion of the gas received in the tank is dispersed through at least a portion of the slurry received in the tank;{'sub': '1', 'a sensor configured to measure a sulfite concentration Sof the slurry received in the tank;'}a controller;{'sub': '1', 'software executing on the controller for generating a signal indicative of an adjustment of a flow rate of gas into the tank based at least in part on the sulfite concentration Sto adjust oxidation rate to less than 100% of the sulfite contained in the slurry effective to reduce manganese precipitate formation and/or effective to reduce selenate selenium speciation therein.'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the signal is further based on a predetermined sulfite concentration of the slurry.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the gas comprises oxygen.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the slurry is received from a spray tower configured to perform wet flue gas desulfurization.5. The system of ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GAS SCRUBBING OF AEROSOL-CONTAINING PROCESS GASES

The invention relates to a method and to a system for gas scrubbing of aerosol-containing process gases using an amine-containing solvent as scrubbing agent, which is brought into contact with the process gas in an absorber column () and which is regenerated in a desorber column () and after cooling is delivered to the absorber column () again. The water vapour concentration of the process gas which is not saturated with water vapour is increased with water before the gas scrubbing in the absorber column (), preferably to a degree of saturation of >0.8, such that water is condensed out of the gas phase on aerosol particles contained in the process gas, and in a following method step the aerosol particles which have grown in size are precipitated out of the process gas before the gas scrubbing. 113-. (canceled)14. A method for gas scrubbing of aerosol-containing process gases , using an amine-containing solvent as scrubbing agent that is brought into contact with the process gas in an absorber column and which scrubbing agent is regenerated in a desorber column and , after cooling , is fed back to the absorber column , wherein the water vapor concentration of the non-water-saturated process gas is increased with water before the gas scrubbing in the absorber column , in such a manner that water from the gas phase condenses on aerosol particles present in the process gas , and that , in a following method step , the aerosol particles that have thus grown in size are precipitated from the process gas before the gas scrubbing , characterized in that the water vapor concentration of the process gas is adjusted to a degree of saturation of >0.8 by passing it through a foam scrubber , dispersant scrubber , or bubble-layer scrubber in each case as a gas-liquid contact apparatus having perforated plates , roller plates or tube internals in which the gas flows through a liquid layer or foam layer.15. The method as claimed in claim 14 , characterized in that the concentration ...

FERTILIZER COMPOSITION

A fertilizer composition comprising an ammonium nitrate material and an effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse reduction of at least 10% when compared the specific impulse of a commercially available ammonium nitrate composition. The stabilizer material may comprise huntite or magnesite. In one embodiment, stabilizer material is about 10 to about 25 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition. 1. A fertilizer composition comprising an ammonium nitrate material and an effective amount of a stabilizer material to result in a specific impulse reduction of at least 50% when compared the specific impulse of a commercially available ammonium nitrate composition;wherein the stabilizer material comprises at least one of huntite and magnesite; andwherein the stabilizer material is at least 10 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.2. The fertilizer composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises huntite.3. The fertilizer composition of claim 2 , wherein the stabilizer material is from 10 wt. % to 25 wt. % of the total fertilizer composition.4. The fertilizer composition of claim 3 , wherein the stabilizer material further comprises hydromagnesite.5. The fertilizer composition of claim 4 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises from 1 wt. % to 40 wt. % hydromagnesite.6. The fertilizer composition of claim 3 , wherein the stabilizer material further comprises calcium carbonate.7. The fertilizer composition of claim 3 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises huntite claim 3 , hydromagnesite and calcium carbonate.8. The fertilizer composition of claim 3 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises at least 50 wt. % huntite.9. The fertilizer composition of claim 3 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises from 50 wt. % to 90 wt. % huntite.10. The fertilizer composition of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer material comprises magnesite.11. A method comprising: wherein the stabilizer material comprises at least one of ...

PROCESS FOR REMOVING H2S FROM GAS STREAM BY CALCIUM BASED REACTION SEPARATION

There are provided processes for removing HS from a gas. The processes comprise contacting the gas with an aqueous composition comprising at least one calcium compound, thereby obtaining CaS and a HS lean treated gas stream, while maintaining the pH at about 9.5 to about 13.0; and contacting the CaS with an aqueous oxidant solution, converting the CaS into at least one of CaSOand CaSO, while maintaining the pH at about 9.5 to about 13.0. 1. A process for removing HS from a gas , the process comprising:{'sub': '2', 'contacting the gas with an aqueous composition comprising at least one calcium compound, thereby obtaining CaS and a HS lean treated gas stream, while maintaining the pH at about 9.5 to about 13.0; and'}{'sub': 3', '4, 'contacting the CaS with an aqueous oxidant solution, converting the CaS into at least one of CaSOand CaSO, while maintaining the pH at about 9.5 to about 13.0.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one calcium compound is chosen from CaO claim 1 , Ca(OH)and a mixture thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the gas comprises a concentration of HS from about 300 ppmv to about 6500 ppmv.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein when contacting the gas with an aqueous solution comprising at least one calcium compound claim 1 , the pH is maintained at about 10.0 to about 12.5.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein when contacting the gas with an aqueous solution comprising at least one calcium compound claim 1 , the pH is maintained at about 10.5 to about 12.0.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein when contacting the CaS with an aqueous oxidant solution claim 1 , the pH is maintained at about 10.0 to about 12.5.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein when contacting the CaS with aqueous oxidant solution claim 1 , the pH is maintained at about 10.5 to about 12.0.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH is maintained using an aqueous buffer solution.911-. (canceled)12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxidant comprises an aqueous peroxide ...

METHOD FOR FORMING PRODUCTS FROM A FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION BY-PRODUCT AND PRODUCTS FORMED THEREBY

Compositions and methods for producing a manufactured product, a method for making a liquid absorbent, and processes for disposal of flammable liquids with a flue gas desulfurization by-product. The compositions for the manufactured products combine a binder and the by-product. The composition contains a greater percentage by weight of the by-product than the binder. The methods for producing manufactured products include dewatering the gypsum-depleted waste stream to reduce a water content, and forming the manufactured product. The method for making a liquid absorbent includes dewatering, granulating, drying, heating, and packaging a granulated gypsum-depleted composition as the liquid absorbent. The processes for disposal of flammable liquids include distributing a by-product into contact with flammable liquid, absorbing the liquid, transporting, and igniting the flammable liquid. The artificial soils are a combination of by-product and animal waste, human waste, or another bio-solid. 1. An artificial soil comprising:a mixture of gypsum, human waste, and a lime-containing material.2. The artificial soil of claim 1 , wherein the gypsum is added in the form of a gypsum-depleted by-product.3. The artificial soil of claim 2 , wherein the gypsum-depleted by-product contains less than about 75 wt. % gypsum.4. The artificial soil of claim 2 , wherein the gypsum depleted by-product and the human waste are present in about volumetric equal amounts.5. The artificial soil of claim 1 , further comprising:a silicon-containing compound.6. The artificial soil of claim 5 , wherein the silicon-containing compound includes SiO.7. The artificial soil of claim 5 , further comprising:a magnesium-containing compound.8. The artificial soil of claim 7 , wherein the magnesium-containing compound includes Mg(OH). This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/719,926, filed May 22, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/159,023, ...

FERTILIZER COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME

Broadly, the instant disclosure is directed towards: fertilizer compositions and methods of making the same, in which, due to the composition, the fertilizer exhibits blast suppression (e.g. measured via specific impulse) and/or desensitization (e.g. measured via unconfined critical diameter and/or booster quantity needed to initiate detonation) as compared to existing ammonium nitrate fertilizer(s). 1. A method , comprising:heating a stabilizer material comprising an LDH to a temperature of greater than 350 C to not greater than 650 C to form a treated LDH stabilizer material;combining the treated stabilizer material with a molten ammonium nitrate material to form a molten fertilizer composition; 'the fertilizer composition including: the ammonium nitrate material and the LDH stabilizer material; wherein the fertilizer composition is configured, via an effective amount of the treated stabilizer material, to have a blast resistance, when measured in accordance with a blast propagation test.', 'prilling the molten fertilizer composition to form a prilled product,'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LDH comprises: a hydrocalumite material.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the LDH comprises: a hydrotalcite material.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer composition is a homogenous blend.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fertilizer product comprises a mesh size of between 4 mesh and 20 mesh.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating step further comprises: heating the LDH to a temperature between 375° C. and 500° C.7. A method claim 1 , comprising:mixing a treated stabilizer material comprising a phosphoric acid rinsed LDH, the resulting LDH having a pH of less than of 8.49 with a molten AN to form a molten fertilizer composition; andprilling the molten fertilizer composition to form a prilled product, wherein the fertilizer composition including: the ammonium nitrate material and the LDH stabilizer material; wherein the fertilizer composition ...

Method of Refining and Recovering Barium Sulfate from Contaminated Water Sources

The present invention relates to methods of refining and recovering barium sulfate from contaminated water sources that include barium cation, such as hydrofracture wastewater. The methods of the present invention result in the formation of a refined and a recovered barium sulfate that has a density of at least 4.10 g/ml, and a content of calcium ion of less than or equal to 250 mg/Kg.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING AN AMMONIUM NITRATE OR CALCIUM AMMONIUM NITRATE FERTILIZER GRANULATE AND FERTILIZER GRANULATES PRODUCED THEREBY

A method may be employed to produce a fertilizer granulate comprising an ammonium salt and, as a filler material, limestone, dolomite, and/or magnesite. At least a proportion of the limestone or dolomite or magnesite is at least partially calcinated prior to use in the fertilizer granulate. A targeted adjustment of the reactivity of the filler material may occur by its degree of calcination and/or its calcite proportion. If, for example, dolomite is used as a filler material, the calcination results in separation of carbon dioxide from the mineral. This calcination is a two-stage process in which the dolomite is first converted to periclase (MgO) and calcite (CaCO3), and the calcite is also converted by decomposition and release of carbon dioxide only at a higher temperature. 124.-. (canceled)25. A method for producing a fertilizer granulate comprising an ammonium salt and a filler material , the method comprising:at least partially calcining limestone or dolomite as the filler material prior to use in the fertilizer granulate;adjusting a reactivity of the filler material in a targeted manner by way of degree of calcination of the filler material; andadding to the fertilizer granulate the filler material, which filler material comprises at least one of calcined limestone, partially calcined limestone, calcined dolomite, or partially calcined dolomite in a total amount of up to 10% by weight.26. The method of wherein the fertilizer granulate comprises ammonium nitrate as a primary component.27. The method of wherein the fertilizer granulate comprises at least 80% ammonium nitrate.28. The method of wherein the filler material is added to the fertilizer granulate in a total amount of up to 5% by weight.29. The method of wherein the fertilizer granulate comprises acid-releasing additives or sulfate-containing additives in a total amount of up to 10% by weight.30. The method of wherein the fertilizer granulate comprises calcium ammonium nitrate as a primary component.31. ...

AMMONIUM NITRATE FERTILISER COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF MAKING THEREOF

Additives can be added to fertilizers to impart desirable characteristics. For example, a class of additives have been disclosed to stabilize the explosive potential of AN fertilizers are desirable, however, such additives can react with the AN fertilizer during its manufacture or during its storage. This is particularly the case where the additives contain carbonates, oxides, hydroxides, contain water of hydration or water locked within the structure (e.g. within an interlayer substructure). This reaction can be avoided if the additive has a passivation layer substantially covering the surface of the additive. The passivation layer, being substantially non-reactive and substantially insoluble, protects the additive so that the additive keeps its desired properties and the fertilizer keeps its quality. In other aspects, methods of making the fertilizer are provided. 1. A fertilizer composition comprising:a. an ammonium nitrate material;b. an additive wherein the additive contains at least one carbonate, oxide, hydroxide, water of hydration, or water locked within the additive;wherein the additive further comprises a passivation layer.2. The fertilizer composition of wherein the additive is a stabilizing additive.3. The fertilizer composition of wherein the stabilizing additive is a layered double hydroxide.4. The fertilizer composition of wherein the additive is hydrocalumite or hydrotalcite.5. The fertilizer composition of wherein the stabilizing additive is an apatite.6. The fertilizer composition of wherein the additive is a hydroxyapatite.7. The fertilizer composition of wherein the additive is at least 12.5 wt % of the total fertilizer composition.8. The fertilizer composition of wherein the passivation layer is substantially non-reactive with the ammonium nitrate material.9. The fertilizer composition of wherein the passivation layer substantially covers the surface of the additive.10. The fertilizer composition of wherein the passivation layer comprises at ...

CALCIUM NITRATE AND POTASSIUM NITRATE FERTILISER PARTICLES

The present disclosure concerns fertilizer particles comprising calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate. It is found that fertilizer particles comprising 43 to 47% w/w calcium nitrate and 46 to 54% w/w potassium nitrate can be produced by melt granulation. Due to undercooling problems, such particles were not expected to be suitable for industrial production by melt granulation. However, the present disclosure provides a composition which forms a low viscosity melt with short solidification time. This was successfully achieved by reducing the water content of a fertilizer melt comprising 43 to 47% w/w calcium nitrate and 46 to 54% w/w potassium nitrate to less than 3% w/w of the melt. 116-. (canceled)17. A fertilizer comprising 43 to 47% w/w calcium nitrate , 46 to 54% w/w potassium nitrate and 0.5 to 3% w/w of water wherein the fertilizer is in the form of solid homogeneous particles.18. A fertilizer according to claim 17 , wherein the particles were made by cooling liquid drops of a homogeneous fertilizer melt.19. A fertilizer according to claim 17 , comprising about 45% w/w calcium nitrate and 49 to 53% w/w potassium nitrate.20. A fertilizer according to claim 17 , comprising about 45% w/w calcium nitrate and 49 to 51% w/w potassium nitrate21. A fertilizer according to claim 17 , comprising about 45% w/w calcium nitrate and about 53% w/w potassium nitrate.22. A fertilizer according to claim 17 , comprising about 45% w/w calcium nitrate and about 49% w/w potassium nitrate.23. A fertilizer according to claim 17 , consisting of 43 to 47% w/w calcium nitrate and 46 to 54% w/w potassium nitrate and less than or equal to 3% w/w of water.24. A fertilizer according to claim 17 , wherein the particles are granules.25. A fertilizer according to claim 17 , wherein the particles are prills.26. A fertilizer according to claim 17 , wherein the particles further comprise a coating.27. A fertilizer melt comprising 43 to 47% w/w calcium nitrate and 46 to 54% w/w potassium nitrate ...

EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT METHOD AND EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT APPARATUS

This invention provides a continuous liquid phase type wet exhaust gas treatment method for removing sulfur oxides from exhaust gas and collecting it as gypsum, which method is simple and humidifying liquid is uniformly sprayed into exhaust gas with it. The method is characterized in that humidifying liquid is injected downwardly in a region where exhaust gas flows vertically downwardly. 1. An exhaust gas treatment method of eliminating sulfur oxides from exhaust gas and collecting the eliminated sulfur oxides as solid reaction product , the method comprising:a gas/liquid contacting step of depositing the reaction product of a reaction of an alkaline agent, dissolved oxygen and sulfur oxides in an aqueous absorption liquid by executing a gas/liquid contacting operation of introducing sulfur oxides-containing exhaust gas into the aqueous absorption liquid containing the alkaline agent and dissolved oxygen; anda solid/liquid separation step of collecting the solid reaction product by executing a solid/liquid separating operation relative to the aqueous absorption liquid containing the deposited solid reaction product;the method additionally comprising:a humidifying/cooling step of humidifying and cooling the exhaust gas by spraying humidifying liquid into the flow of exhaust gas prior to the gas/liquid contacting step;humidifying liquid being injected vertically downwardly in a region where exhaust gas flows vertically downwardly.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe aqueous absorption liquid containing the deposited solid reaction product is employed as at least part of the humidifying liquid and the humidifying liquid sprayed into the exhaust gas is separated from the exhaust gas and collected as drained humidifying liquid so as to execute the solid/liquid separating operation only on the collected drained humidifying liquid.3. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe vertical downward flow of the exhaust gas after spraying the humidifying liquid to it ...

Gypsum production method

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CRYSTALLIZING FATS

Verfahren zur auswaschung von so2, hc1, fluor, staub und aehnlichen rauchgasbegleitern

Cryogenic CO2 separation using a refrigeration system

A refrigeration system for condensation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in a flue gas stream, the system includes a refrigeration circuit, a flue gas treatment system that includes a flue gas compressor, a flue gas adsorption drier, and a refrigeration system for condensation of CO 2 ; and a method for condensation of CO 2 in a flue gas stream using a circulating stream of an external refrigerant.

Foerfarande foer rekristallisering av gips.

Method of producing elementary sulfur from gases

Method and apparatus for removing sulphur dioxide and possible hydrogen sulphide as well as nitric oxides from exhaust gases by means of sulphides in a liquid phase so that the sulphur is recovered in the form of molten elemental sulphur. The sulphur bearing gas is scrubbed in a scrubber 1 by contact with a sulphide bearing scrubbing solution whose pH is in the range 2.5 to 5 or oxidation-reduction potential is in the range -70 to -250 mV, with respect to a calomel electrode. The used scrubbing solution is passed to an autoclave 2 to generate molten elemental sulphur and a sulphate solution. …<??>The sulphate solution passes to a regeneration stage 3 where barium sulphide is supplied to produce sodium sulphide and barium sulphate. The sodium sulphide passing back to the scrubbing stage 1 and the barium sulphate being reduced 4. Gases from the barium sulphate reduction may be fed into the scrubber. …<IMAGE>…

Process for treating concentrated sulfite-sulfate solution into gypsum

FIELD: treatment processes. SUBSTANCE: the process comprises mixing a concentrated sulfide-sulfate solution with hydrochloric acid containing wash water resulting from prewashing the flue gases of electric power stations operating on coal. The sulfur dioxide that evolved is directed to the stage of absorption of limestone or lime with a suspension to obtain gypsum, and the solution containing sodium sulfate and a residual amount of hydrochloric acid is treated with calcium hydroxide and the resulting suspension is directed to the furnace of an electric power station. EFFECT: more efficient treatment process. 2 cl, 1 dwg $906У7У0с ПЧ Го РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (51) МПК ВИ “” 2049 063 ' 13) Сл С ОЛЕ 11/46 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 4743537/26, 29.03.1990 (30) Приоритет: 29.03.1989 ОЕ Р 39101304 (46) Дата публикации: 27.11.1995 (56) Ссылки: Заявка Японии М 52-30259, кл. В 010 53/14, 1977. (71) Заявитель: Феба Крафтверке Рур, АГ (0Е) (72) Изобретатель: Хайнц Гутберлет[ОЕ] (73) Патентообладатель: Феба Крафтверке Рур, АГ (ОЕ) (54) СПОСОБ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ НА ГИПС КОНЦЕНТРИРОВАННОГО СУЛЬФИТ-СУЛЬФАТНОГО РАСТВОРА (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к способам переработки сульфит-сульфатных растворов, образующихся в результате очистки дымовых газов от $О2 с получением гипса. Способ заключается в том, что концентрированный сульфит-сульфатный раствор смешивают с промывной водой, содержащей соляную кислоту, полученной на стадии предварительной промывки дымовых газов электростанций, работающих на угле. Выделившийся при этом диоксид серы направляют на стадию абсорбции суспензией известняка или извести с получением гипса, а раствор, содержащий сульфат натрия и остаточное количество соляной кислоты, обрабатывают гидроксидом кальция и полученную суспензию направляют в топочное устройство электростанции. 1 з. п. ф-лы, 1 ил. 2049063 С1 КО $906У7У0с ПЧ Го КУЗЗАМ АСЕМСУ ГОК РАТЕМТ$ АМО ТКАОЕМАКК$ ЗВО“” 2 049 063 ' ...

Preparation method of needle type metal -silica aerogel composite particle and needle type metal-silica aerogel composite particle prepared by the same

본 발명은 침상형 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자에 관한 것으로서, 산성용액 대비 물유리 용액의 농도비를 증가시킴으로써 제조되는 침상형 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자의 표면에 관능화제와 반응할 수 있는 반응기의 함량도 증가시키고, 이로 인해 소량의 관능화제와 반응하더라도 결합도가 우수하고, 고분자 레진의 첨가제로 적용 시 굴곡강도, 인장강도 및 충격강도가 개선될 수 있는 침상형 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자의 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자를 제공하는 것이다. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a needle-like metal-silica airgel composite particle and a metal-silica airgel composite particle prepared thereby, and the needle-like metal-silica airgel composite particle prepared by increasing the concentration ratio of an acidic solution to a water glass solution. The content of reactive groups that can react with the functionalizing agent in To provide a method for producing a needle-shaped metal-silica airgel composite particle and a metal-silica airgel composite particle prepared thereby.

Method for continuous modification of gypsum dihydrate and modified gypsum dihydrate obtained using said method

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in the production of building materials. The method of modifying gypsum dihydrate involves a step of forming a semihydrate on which crude gypsum dihydrate is calcined to gypsum semihydrate, and recrystallisation step on which the gypsum semihydrate is hydrated and recrystallised in an aqueous suspension to modified gypsum dihydrate. At the recrystallisation step, the aqueous suspension is held in the reaction vessel at constant temperature while stirring such that the aqueous suspension becomes homogeneous. Feeding of the gypsum semihydrate and outputting the recrystallised and modified gypsum dihydrate is carried out continuously or intermittently. EFFECT: invention enables to obtain modified gypsum dihydrate, having mean particle size of at least 64 mcm and purity of 95% or higher. 16 cl, 5 dwg, 2 tbl, 17 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 472 706 (13) C2 (51) МПК C01F 11/46 (2006.01) C04B 11/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2011102297/05, 31.07.2009 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 31.07.2009 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЙОСИНО ГИПСУМ КО., ЛТД. (JP) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.09.2012 Бюл. № 25 2 4 7 2 7 0 6 (45) Опубликовано: 20.01.2013 Бюл. № 2 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: JP 2008-081329 A, 10.04.2008. JP 2006273599 A, 12.10.2006. JP 2002-029740 A, 29.01.2002. JP 2006-143503 A, 08.06.2006. RU 2101252 C1, 10.01.1998. 2 4 7 2 7 0 6 R U (86) Заявка PCT: JP 2009/063666 (31.07.2009) C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 28.02.2011 (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: WO 2010/013807 (04.02.2010) Адрес для переписки: 191186, Санкт-Петербург, а/я 230, "АРСПАТЕНТ", пат. пов. В.В.Дощечкиной, рег.№ 869 (54) СПОСОБ НЕПРЕРЫВНОЙ МОДИФИКАЦИИ ДИГИДРАТА ГИПСА И МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫЙ ДИГИДРАТ ГИПСА, ПОЛУЧЕННЫЙ ЭТИМ СПОСОБОМ (57) Реферат: Изобретение может быть использовано в ...

Method for production of anhydrous gypsum of type ii

Solid dispersed composition of calcium nitrate, containing anti-caking agent

FIELD: construction. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in construction in making construction mixtures and binder compositions. Solid dispersed composition of calcium nitrate contains particles with average size of 0.1 to 1 mm and contains an anti-caking agent consisting of a solid disperse compound. Said compound contains atoms or ions of silicon and oxygen, including compounds such as silicon dioxide, finely dispersed silicon dioxide or diatomaceous earth. Average particle size of said solid dispersed compound ranges from 0.05 to 750 mcm. Solid dispersion compound is present in amount of 0.01 to 2 wt%. Disclosed is use of solid disperse composition of calcium nitrate as setting accelerator for cementing preliminary mixed binding composition. EFFECT: invention enables to obtain a solid dispersion composition which does not affect the strength of concrete when it is used. 26 cl, 3 tbl, 6 ex, 4 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК C01F 11/44 (2006.01) C01F 11/36 (2006.01) C01F 11/42 (2006.01) C04B 14/06 (2006.01) C04B 20/00 (2006.01) C04B 22/08 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА C04B 28/02 (2006.01) ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ C04B 40/00 (2006.01) C04B 103/12 (2006.01) C04B 111/00 (2006.01) (12) (13) 2 698 879 C1 C05C 5/04 (2006.01) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК (21)(22) Заявка: 2018120758, 07.11.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 30.08.2019 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЯРА ИНТЕРНЕЙШЕНЛ АСА (NO) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 06.11.2015 NO 20151508 C 1 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 06.06.2018 (86) Заявка PCT: R U 2 6 9 8 8 7 9 EP 2016/076803 (07.11.2016) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2017/077103 (11.05.2017) Адрес для переписки: 119019, Москва, Гоголевский б-р, 11, этаж. 3, "Гоулинг ВЛГ (Интернэшнл) Инк." (Канада), Гизатуллин Шамиль Файзиевич (54) ТВЕРДАЯ ДИСПЕРСНАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ НИТРАТА КАЛЬЦИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩАЯ АНТИСЛЕЖИВАЮЩИЙ АГЕНТ (57) Реферат: Изобретение может быть ...

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING ULTRA LOW CONSISTENCY α- AND β-BLEND STUCCO

알파 칼슘 설페이트 반수화물을 제조하는 슬러리 하소 단계와 그 이후에 베타 칼슘 설페이트 반수화물을 제조하는 유동층 하소 단계를 포함하는 알파- 및 베타-스터코의 블렌드를 제조하는 방법이 개시된다. 상기 방법은 50~75%의 석고 함유 고형분 슬러리로 개시되며, 그 이후에 증기가 상기 슬러리를 제1 반응기에서 하소하여 칼슘 설페이트 이수화물과 알파 칼슘 설페이트 반수화물을 함유하는 부분적으로 하소된 석고 슬러리를 형성한다. 이후 상기 부분적으로 하소된 슬러리는 탈수된다. 다음으로 여과 케이크는 케틀로 투입되어 상기 여과 케이크 물질의 칼슘 설페이트 이수화물이 베타 칼슘 설페이트 반수화물로 변환됨으로써 상기 하소 공정이 완료된다. Disclosed is a process for preparing a blend of alpha-and beta-starcho comprising a slurry calcination step to produce alpha calcium sulfate hemihydrate and a fluid bed calcination step to produce beta calcium sulfate hemihydrate thereafter. The process starts with a gypsum-containing solid slurry of 50-75%, after which the steam is calcined in a first reactor to form a partially calcined gypsum slurry containing calcium sulfate dihydrate and alpha calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate . The partially calcined slurry is then dehydrated. Next, the filtration cake is put into a kettle, and the calcium sulfate dihydrate of the filtration cake material is converted into beta- calcium sulfate hemi-hydrate, thereby completing the calcination process.

Preparation method of needle type metal -silica aerogel composite particle and needle type metal-silica aerogel composite particle prepared by the same

본 발명은 침상형 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자 제조방법 및 이에 의해 제조된 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자에 관한 것으로서, 침상형 금속염 입자염 입자 및 상기 침상형 금속염 입자염 입자의 표면을 둘러싸며 형성되는 실리카 에어로겔을 포함하며, 하기의 수학식 1을 만족하는 것인 침상형 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자 및 이의 제조방법을 제공한다. [수학식 1] Y=-0.874X+K 상기 수학식 1에서, Y는 압축강도(MPa)이며, X는 침상형 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자의 종횡비며, K는 45.11 내지 48.11 이다. 본 발명의 침상형 금속-실리카 에어로겔 복합입자는 종횡비에 따라 압축강도 값을 용이하게 제어할 수 있으므로 다양한 고분자 레진에 적용될 수 있고, 요구되는 물성에 따라 압축강도를 조절할 수 있으므로 활용도가 높은 효과가 있다. The present invention relates to a method for producing a needle-shaped metal-silica airgel composite particle and a metal-silica airgel composite particle prepared thereby, wherein the needle-shaped metal salt particle and silica formed surrounding the surface of the needle-shaped metal salt particle salt particle It includes an airgel, which satisfies the following Equation (1), which provides a needle-shaped metal-silica airgel composite particle and a method for manufacturing the same. [Equation 1] Y=-0.874X+K In Equation 1, Y is the compressive strength (MPa), X is the needle-shaped metal-silica airgel composite particle aspect ratio, K is 45.11 to 48.11. Since the needle-shaped metal-silica airgel composite particle of the present invention can easily control the compressive strength value according to the aspect ratio, it can be applied to various polymer resins, and the compressive strength can be adjusted according to the required physical properties. .

Recovery of sulfur as gypsum from desulfurization of exhaust gas by we t system

Process for purifying phosphogypsum

ＣａＣＯ↓３及びＣａＳＯ↓３の濃度の測定方法

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Method for purifying kainite solutions

1, СПОСОБ ОЧИСТКИ КАИНИТОВЫХ РАСТВОРОВ от сульфат-ионов, включающий введение в раствор затравки г вьвдержку раствора при повышенной (температуреj отделение осадка и последующую обработку раствора хлоридом кальци  с отделением гипса, о т л и ч а ю щ и и с   тем, что, с целью снижени  расхода хлорида каб1ьци  и одновременного получени  лангбейнита, в качестве затравки используют 5-20% каинита. I 2. Способ Т1Оп.1,отличающийс  тем,-что выдержку раствора при повышенной температуре осуществл ют в течение 20-40 мин. (Л с 1, THE METHOD OF CLEANING OF KAINITE SOLUTIONS from sulfate ions, including the introduction of a seed solution into the solution at an elevated temperature (separation of sediment and subsequent treatment of the solution with calcium chloride and separation of gypsum, so that in order to reduce the consumption of cabbage chloride and at the same time obtain langbeynite, 5–20% Cainite is used as a seed. I 2. Method T1Op.1, characterized in that the solution is held at elevated temperature for 20-40 minutes (L with

METHOD FOR CLEANING WASTE WATER OF CHLORAMINE PRODUCTION

Способ получени гранулированного суперфосфата

) Изобретение относитс  си.к.об м получени  гранулированного суперфосфата и касаетс  стадии нелтрачичации свободной кислотности Цель изобретени  - повышение прочности гранул и улучшение состава товарной фракции. Способ получени  гранулированного суперфосфата путем разложени  фосфатного сырь  серной кислотой,, нейтрализации свободной кислотности раствором отработанной угольной шихты процесса получени  дивинила методом хемо- сорбции, содержащей, мас„7 : Си 1,3 - 1,5; NH3 3,0-4,5; НгО 25-26, органические соединени  0,4-0,6; отработанный уголь остальное, при соотношении суперфосфата и отработанной угольной шихты (1,0-1,05):(1,0-0,15), гранул ции шихты при одновременном увлажнении, с Используют раствор отработанной угольной шихты при соотношении Ж и Т СО

从硝酸溶解的磷灰岩所得的混合物中分出的硝酸钙溶解液的纯化方法

本发明涉及从一种混合物中分离出的硝酸钙熔解液/溶液的纯化方法，此混合物是用硝酸溶解磷灰岩得到的。此熔解液含有的主要杂质是氟和磷。粗品硝酸钙熔解液/溶液中P/F克分子比调节至3.5＞P/F＞0.3，可以另加含磷化合物来调节，然后用氨中和此混合物至pH＝5-6。除去生成的沉淀，同时纯化的硝酸钙滤液进行蒸发和进一步处理。纯化可以两步法进行，第一步P/F为0.3-3，第二步P/F为1-3.5。可使用磷酸或含磷酸的溶液作为含磷化合物。

Method for preparing suspension

Prodn. of slurries for the mfr. of NP or NPK fertilisers comprises digesting rock phosphate with HNO3 and then neutralising the resulting slurry with ammonia while adding additional acid. The process is modified in that (a) part of the rock phosphate is replaced by H3PO4; (b) only two neutralisation stages are employed; and (c) at least a major part of the H3PO4 is added in the 2nd neutralisation stage. The process employs fewer neutralisation stages then prior art processes while still avoiding excessive thickening of the slurry.

Chemical beneficiation of phosphatic limestone and phosphate rock with α-hydroxysulfonic acids

A method of selectively extracting calcite and dolomite away from apatite in phosphate rock or phosphatic limestone wherein the phosphate rock or phosphatic limestone is treated with a mixture of sulfur dioxide, water, and a carbonyl compound. Solids are separated from the liquid phase. The solids consist principally of apatite admixed with clay, quartz, and other accessory minerals originally in the rock. The solids are heated to drive off adhering sulfur dioxide, water, and carbonyl. The liquid phase consists of carbonyl, water, sulfur dioxide, and magnesium and calcium ions. Heating this liquid preferentially precipitates CaSO 3 .1/2H 2 O. This solid is filtered off and the filtrate further heated to precipitate MgSO 3 .3H 2 O largely free of CaSO 3 .1/2H 2 O. All off gas and filtrate is returned to the process.

Method and apparatus for removing sulfur dioxide from gas streams

A process and apparatus for removing SO 2 from low-volume gas streams containing high concentrations of SO 2 includes a tank scrubber containing an aqueous SO 2 absorbent and an impeller. The tank scrubber has an unpartitioned vessel. The impeller includes a vertical rotating shaft having an upper and lower impeller. The lower impeller serves to agitate the SO 2 absorbent. The upper impeller includes a shroud thereby directing the absorbent and gas outwardly toward the wall of the scrubber. The gas is injected into the absorbent at a point below the shrouded impeller. The shroud prevents gas bypass and thereby promotes gas-liquid mixing and, consequently, markedly improves SO 2 removal efficiency.

Nitrogen-potassium fertilizer and a method for production thereof

FIELD: mineral fertilizers. SUBSTANCE: nitrogen-potassium fertilizer containing 17 to 33.5% nitrogen in the form of NH 4 NO 3 and 1 to 25% K 2 O in the form of K 2 SO 4 /KCl mixture is prepared by mixing ammonium nitrate in the form of melt with potassium chloride-sulfate mixture, granulating pulp in presence of magnesium sulfate in drum-type granulator while maintaining product temperature fall rate in lengthwise drum direction between 1.4 and 4.0 о С. EFFECT: improved physico-mechanical and agrochemical properties of fertilizer and increased number of agricultural cultures for effective application. 4 cl, 6 ex 6с07сс ПЧ Го РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (51) МПК? ВИ "” 2 240 295' 13) СЛ С 05 С 1/02, С 05 С 1100, С 05 О 1/00 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 2003114725/15, 20.05.2003 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 20.05.2003 (45) Дата публикации: 20.11.2004 (56) Ссылки: КУ 2154620 СЛ, 20.08.2000. КУ 2198862 СЛ, 20.02.2003. ЕР 0104705 АЛ, 23.09.1983. Технология фосфорных и комплексных удобрений.!Под ред. С.Д.Эвенчика, А.А.Бродского. - М.: Химия, 1987, с.54 и 55. (98) Адрес для переписки: 125009, Москва, а/я 184, для ППФ "ЮС", пат.пов. С.В.Ловцову (72) Изобретатель: Серебряков А.И. (КЦ), Конвисар Л.В. (КЦ) (73) Патентообладатель: Серебряков Александр Иванович (КИ) (54) АЗОТНО-КАЛИЙНОЕ УДОБРЕНИЕ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к составам азотно-калийных удобрений, включающих нитрат аммония и калийсодержащий компонент, и способам их получения и может быть использовано в сельском хозяйстве и химической промышленности. Азотно-калийное удобрение включает нитрат аммония и калийсодержащий компонент, который представляет собой смесь сульфата и хлорида калия при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: МНаМОз в пересчете на М (17-33,5), смесь К>ЗОлд и КС в пересчете на КО (1-25). Способ получения азотно-калийного удобрения включает смешение нитрата аммония в виде плава со смесью ...

Plant for cleaning of industrial exhaust gases with different content of acid components and method of cleaning of industrial exhaust gases

FIELD: plants and methods of cleaning of industrial exhaust gases. SUBSTANCE: plant has the first scrubber for exhaust gases with circulation of washing liquid, the second scrubber and damping device for gas to be cleaned. The latter is adjusted for saturation of gas to be cleaned with steam. Lower part of the first scrubber serves additionally as oxidizing device for all washing solution. Method of industrial exhaust gases cleaning includes separation of sulfur oxides in the first scrubber and removal of remaining sulfur oxides in the second scrubber. In process of separation of oxides in direct flow in the first scrubber, value of pH in washing solution is maintained within 4.0-7.0, and in process of removal of remaining sulfur oxides and limiting breakthrough of ammonia in counterflow in the second scrubber, value of pH in washing solution is 3.0-5.5, mainly, with one-time limiting of ammonia breakthrough maximum up to 10 mg/cu.nm in clean gas. EFFECT: excluded objectionable exhaust from chimney stacks. 7 cl, 2 dwg 88 сч9Ес Пы с» РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (13) (11) КО 2 165 288 5) МК’ В 01 0 53/50, 53/68 С2 (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 96122882/12, 05.12.1996 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 05.12.1996 (30) Приоритет: 06.12.1995 ЕР 95119181.6 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.02.1999 (46) Дата публикации: 20.04.2001 (56) Ссылки: ОЕ 2347626 В2, 26.01.1978. и$ 4160810 А, 10.07.1979. ЕР 0101780 АЛ, 03.07.1984. КУ 20842172 СТ, 20.07.1985. $9 4632324 А, 08.07.1975. (98) Адрес для переписки: 129010, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, д.25, стр.3, ООО "Городисский и Партнеры", Томской Е.В. (71) Заявитель: ЛУРГИ ЛЕНТЬЕС БИШОФФ ГмбХ (0Е) (72) Изобретатель: Бернхард ФИРНХАБЕР (0Е), Михель ЛАНГ (ОЕ), Корт ШТАРК (ОЕ) ‚ Вольфганг ШУЛЬТЕ (ВЕ) (73) Патентообладатель: ЛУРГИ ЛЕНТЬЕС БИШОФФ ГмбХ (ПЕ) (74) Патентный поверенный: Томская Елена Владимировна (54) УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ОТХОДЯЩИХ ГАЗОВ С ...

Process for production of nitrogen-potassium fertilizers

FIELD: inorganic fertilizers. SUBSTANCE: ammonium nitrate melt, to which 0.5-3.2% of magnesium sulfate is added, is mixed with potassium chloride (37-60%), resultant mixture is granulated on drum granulator, weight ratio of amounts of nitrogen in mixture before drum granulator and in final product being maintained within a range of 1.005-1.05. Fertilizer contains 12-25 wt % N and 16.6-40 wt % K 2 O. EFFECT: reduced summary shutdown time caused by equipment failure and increased average hourly productivity of process. 4 cl, 1 tbl ОСЭ9УтЯГсС ПЧ Го РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (51) МПК? С ВИ” 2 154 620. 13) СЛ С 05 С 1/02, С 050 1/00, С 05 1/06, С 050 5/00 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 2000100620/12, 14.01.2000 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 14.01.2000 (46) Дата публикации: 20.08.2000 (56) Ссылки: ЕК 1476296 А, 07.04.1967. ЗЦ 1056896 А, 23.11.1983. $ 1375625 АЛ, 23.02.1988. ЕР 0104706 АЛ, 04.04.1984. Ц$ 3539326 А, 10.11.1970. (98) Адрес для переписки: 103009, Москва, а/я 184, для ППФ "ЮС", Ловцову С.В. (71) Заявитель: Духанин Владимир Федорович, Серебряков Александр Иванович (72) Изобретатель: Духанин В.Ф., Серебряков А.И. (73) Патентообладатель: Духанин Владимир Федорович, Серебряков Александр Иванович (54) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АЗОТНО-КАЛИЙНОГО УДОБРЕНИЯ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к способам получения азотно-калийных гранулированных удобрений. Способ включает смешение аммиачной селитры с хлоридом калия и гранулирование — полученной смеси В барабанном грануляторе, причем при смешении аммиачную селитру берут в виде плава и в смесь дополнительно вводят сульфат магния в количестве 0,5 - 3,2 мас.%, а хлорид калия берут в количестве 37 - 60 мас.%. Кроме того, массовое отношение количества азота в смеси перед барабанным гранулятором и в готовом продукте поддерживают в диапазоне 1,005 - 1,05. Азотно-калийное удобрение, приготовленное в соответствии со способом, содержит, мас.%: М 12 - 25; К>О 16, ...

A method of preparing dead plaster filler with ardealite

本发明公开了一种用磷石膏制备无水硫酸钙填料的方法，包括以下步骤：准备原料磷石膏、浓硫酸和氧化剂；浓硫酸、磷石膏、返酸混合后进行脱结晶水及初步除杂反应；加入氧化剂深度除杂反应；固分离洗涤；加入石灰乳调整pH；固液分离、干燥煅烧和粒度分级。本发明方法提升了磷石膏的附加值，可生产出粒径<2μm、颗粒含量>90％、白度>90％的“双90”优质功能型填料级无水硫酸钙，其原料利用率高、工艺简单，可推广应用。

Device and method of smoke fumes

FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemistry. cleaning of smoke fumes from electric power stations is performed in several absorption stages in absorber 2. Top section of the latter comprises contact inner level 18 fed with suspension 12 through which crude gas 1 flows. Bottom section of said absorber is equipped with absorption suspension collector 20 above which arranged is crude gas inlet. Proposed device comprises reaction vessel 4 consisting of two chambers 4.1, 4.2 separated by 29 with bypass device. First chamber 4.1 is connected with collector 20 to receive oxidising air 22 while chamber bottom section has suspension discharge hole. Second chamber 4.2 is connected with tank 6 for lime/limestone suspension. Gas exhaust 10 is arranged above both chambers to force vented steam into hood 14. suspension pipeline 12 is arranged between absorber one spraying level 19 and second chamber 4.2 of separate reaction vessel 4. Process water 15 is fed to cleaning level 32 above water-drop eliminator one level 20, 31 and contact level 18 and spraying level 19. EFFECT: higher efficiency of cleaning. 12 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 459 655 (13) C2 (51) МПК B01D 53/50 (2006.01) C01F 11/46 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2010120568/05, 06.10.2008 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 06.10.2008 (72) Автор(ы): ВЕЛЬП Хельмут (DE), ШМИДТ Томас (DE) (73) Патентообладатель(и): БАБКОК НОЭЛЛЬ ГМБХ (DE) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 23.10.2007 DE 102007050904.0 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.11.2011 Бюл. № 33 2 4 5 9 6 5 5 (45) Опубликовано: 27.08.2012 Бюл. № 24 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 5084255 A, 28.01.1992. SU 795448 A3, 07.01.1981. RU 2146964 C1, 27.03.2000. US 2080779 A, 18.05.1937. US 5308509 A, 03.05.1994. DE 3136155 A1, 01.04.1982. 2 4 5 9 6 5 5 R U (86) Заявка PCT: DE 2008/001605 (06.10.2008 ...

Production of alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum of prismatic crystal from phosphoric acid by-product dihydrate gypsum

Method of desulfurization of flue gases

Preliminarily cooled flue gases from which particulates and sulfur trioxide have been removed are contacted with an SO 2 absorbing liquid and the SO 2 laden liquid is then regenerated by multi-stage vacuum stripping and returned in a closed cycle to the absorber. The absorbing liquid contains an additive and is a dilute solution of, preferably, calcium ions in water. The additive is added in minor amount sufficient to provide a partial pressure of SO 2 in the absorber equivalent to the partial pressure of SO 2 in water in the temperature range of about 15° C. to -20° C. The preliminarily cooled gas is at a temperature in the order of 125° F. The heat removed from the closed cycle by vacuum stripping is substantially equal to the heat given up by the flue gas in the absorber, and the temperature difference between the liquid on entering and leaving the desorber is in the order of 10°-30° F.

Oxidation tower

Method of wet separation of potassium sulphate semihydrate

Process for producing magnetite and calcium sulfate from waste pickling liquors containing iron sulfate

Intallation for purifying flue gases having different contents of acidic components and method of operating installation

一种净化装置，它利用碱性溶液净化具有不同浓度酸性成分(具体为硫的氧化物和卤素成分)的烟气。该装置包括第一洗涤塔及洗涤液循环装置、连接于第一烟气洗涤塔下游的第二烟气洗涤塔及洗涤液循环装置和用于待净化烟气的淬冷装置。淬冷装置用于用水蒸气充分饱和待净化的烟气。第一烟气洗涤塔的下部区域被附加地装配成用于氧化整个洗涤液的氧化装置。也给出操作该装置的方法。

Process for the production of ammonium nitrate

A kind of synthetic method of micron order barium sulfate microballoon

本发明公开了属于化学合成技术领域的一种微米级硫酸钡微球的合成方法。该微米级硫酸钡微球通过含有S 2 O 8 2‑ 可溶性盐、Ba 2+ 可溶性盐和络合剂的反应体系合成，并通过改变Ba 2+ 可溶性盐和络合剂的摩尔比、络合温度和S 2 O 8 2‑ 可溶性盐的添加量调控硫酸钡微球形貌；本发明提供的合成方法简单高效、环境友好无污染，制备得到的微米级硫酸钡微球产率达到90％以上、粒径为0.8‑3μm、粒度均一性良好。

Method of producing ammophosphate

Изобретение относитс  к производству минеральных удобрений, в частности аммофосфата, и способствует интенсификации и упрощению процесса за счет стабилизации проведени  технологических операций при одновременном увеличении выхода продукта и его товарной фракции. Согласно изобретению фосфорит разлагают смесью фосфорной и серной кислот сначала при соотношении H 2SO 4:CAO фосфорита, равном (0,30-0,34):1,0, до получени  фосфатной пульпы с общим содержанием сульфата кальци , равным 4,5-6,5%, а затем доразлагают серной кислотой при массовом соотношении серной кислоты из фосфатной пульпы, равном (0,015-0,090):1,0. По предлагаемому способу выход продукта увеличиваетс  с 9-10 до 17,0-17,7 т/ч, а выход товарной фракции увеличиваетс  до 96% (90% по прототиту). 2 табл. The invention relates to the production of mineral fertilizers, in particular, ammonium phosphate, and contributes to the intensification and simplification of the process due to the stabilization of the technological operations while increasing the yield of the product and its product fraction. According to the invention, phosphorite is decomposed with a mixture of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, first, with a ratio of H 2 SO 4: CAO phosphate, equal to (0.30-0.34): 1.0, to obtain a phosphate pulp with a total calcium sulfate content of 4.5-6. , 5%, and then further decomposed with sulfuric acid at a mass ratio of sulfuric acid from phosphate pulp, equal to (0.015-0.090): 1.0. According to the proposed method, the yield of the product is increased from 9-10 to 17.0-17.7 t / h, and the yield of the product fraction is increased to 96% (90% by prototite). 2 tab.

APPLICATION OF HYDROPHOBINES AS ADDITIVES IN CRYSTALLIZATION OF SOLIDS

1. Применение гидрофобинов в качестве добавки при кристаллизации твердых веществ. ! 2. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что речь идет о кристаллизации из жидких фаз. ! 3. Применение по п.2, отличающееся тем, что используют гидрофобин в количестве от 0,001 до 1 мас.% в пересчете на общее количество жидкой фазы. ! 4. Применение по п.2, отличающееся тем, что жидкая фаза представляет собой водную фазу. ! 5. Применение по п.4, отличающееся тем, что уровень рН водной фазы составляет от 7 до 11. ! 6. Применение по п.4, отличающееся тем, что твердое вещество представляет собой гипс. ! 7. Применение по п.4, отличающееся тем, что твердое вещество представляет собой карбонат кальция. ! 8. Применение по пп.1-7, отличающееся тем, что гидрофобин представляет собой гидрофобин слияния. ! 9. Способ получения твердых веществ кристаллизацией из водной фазы и отделения образовавшегося твердого вещества от водной фазы, при котором к водной фазе добавляют, по меньшей мере, одну растворимую в водной фазе добавку в количестве от 0,001 до 1 мас.%, в пересчете на общее количество водной фазы, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере одна добавка представляет собой гидрофобин. ! 10. Способ по п.9, отличающийся тем, что уровень рН водной фазы составляет от 7 до 11. ! 11. Способ по п.9, отличающийся тем, что твердое вещество представляет собой гипс. ! 12. Способ по п.9, отличающийся тем, что твердое вещество представляет собой карбонат кальция. ! 13. Способ по п.11, отличающийся тем, что речь идет о стадии процесса обессеривания дымовых газов. ! 14. Способ по пп.9-13, отличающийся тем, что гидрофобин представляет собой гидрофобин слияния. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2009 147 812 (13) A (51) МПК C01F 11/46 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2009147812/05, 21.05.2008 (71) Заявитель(и): БАСФ СЕ (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 24.05.2007 EP 07108856.1 R U (54) ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ...

Method for preparing calcium-magnesium nitrate fertilizer by utilizing phosphate tailings

本发明公开了一种利用磷尾矿制备硝酸钙镁肥的方法,具体工艺方案为：取一定量一定粒度的尾矿粉，加入一定量蒸馏水配成具有一定含固量的尾矿浆，逐步加入硝酸，在一定条件下反应，反应结束后过滤，向滤液中加入石灰或氢氧化钙将滤液pH值调为6.5～7,再次过滤，滤液经真空浓缩干燥等工序制得产品硝酸钙镁肥;本发明的有益效果： 本发明以磷矿选矿厂废弃物资源磷尾矿为原料，充分利用其含有的钙、镁资源制备硝酸钙镁肥，实现了废弃物资源的合理利用，同时为选矿厂解决了废弃物堆存用地及环保污染难题，是一种经济效益好、环境污染少的绿色环保型工艺。

Sulfur dioxide removal method that produces purified magnesium hydroxide.

Buffered flue gas scrubbing system using adipic acid by-product stream

A by-product stream from the production of adipic acid from cyclohexane, containing glutaric acid, succinic acid and adipic acid, is employed as a buffer in lime or limestone flue gas scrubbing for the removal of sulfur dioxide from combustion gases.

Patent JPS5211956B2

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CALCIUM SULFATE HEMI-HYDRATE ALPHA UNDER ORDINARY PRESSURE

Deagglomerated barium sulfate

本発明は、0.5μm未満の平均一次粒度を有し且つ分散剤でコーティーングされている解凝集硫酸バリウムを開示する。該分散剤は、好ましくは、硫酸バリウムの表面と相互作用し得る反応基を有する；とりわけ好ましい分散剤は、硫酸バリウムに親水性表面を付与し得、ポリマーにまたはポリマー中にカップリングする反応基を有する分散剤である。 また、上記解凝集しコーティーングした硫酸バリウムを含むプラスチックプレミックスも開示する。

Using industrial waste sulfuric acid to the method for semi-dry desulphurization ash oxidation processes

一种利用工业废硫酸对半干法脱硫灰氧化处理的方法，属于固废、液废资源回收再利用领域；制备方法：将半干法脱硫灰与水制成料浆,加入工业废硫酸溶液，进行搅拌，反应完成后将料浆静置，除去上层水，对产物进行反复冲洗、静置，直至上层清液为透明无色，即得到半干法脱硫灰氧化处理后产物；半干法脱硫灰氧化处理后产物中硫酸钙的含量为85～96.13％；所述方法将脱硫灰中存在较多的未参与脱硫反应的氧化钙和氢氧化钙，以及亚硫酸钙，高效转化成硫酸钙,也解决了由于煅烧氧化法只能使脱硫灰中的亚硫酸钙在空气中氧化为硫酸钙,不能使其他成分转化成硫酸钙的问题。

Wet process desulfurizing method of exhaust gas

Preparation of gypsum by the desulfurizaton from waste gas

Apparatus for granulating cake of fusion

1,247,298. Granulating device. DZERZHINSKY FILIAL NAUCHNO-ISSLEDOVATELSKOGO I KONSTRUKTORSKOGO INSTITUTA KHIMICHESKOGO MASHINOSTROENIA. 22 Oct., 1969 [28 Oct., 1968], No. 51668/69. Heading B5A. A granulating device comprises a chamber 1, preferably annular, having perforated lateral walls 2 and rotated about a vertical axis, melt being supplied thereto through pipe 19, and a stationary compartment 3 with a perforated bottom 4 at or near the bottom of, and coaxial with, the chamber 1, melt being supplied to this compartment through pipe 7, 9. The granules formed are fed from the device down through a granulating tower (17, Fig. 2, not shown) against a countercurrent of cooling air.

Method of purifying gasses from sulphorous anhydride

Process of producing phosphoric acid

Сущность: фосфорную кислоту получают следующим образом. Обезмагничивание исходного сырь  осуществл ют путем смешени  его с фосфорной кислотой, полученной после разложени  очищенного сырь  оборотной фосфорной и серной кислотами. Кислота, полученна  на стадии отделени  от очищенного исходного сырь , выводитс  из процесса в качестве продукционной. Массовое соотношение на стадии смешени  составл ет РаОбкисл : Р205сырье (1,4-2,1):1. 1 табл.

Process for producing granulated phosphogypsum

Method of outgoing gas purification from s02

1413684 Removing sulphur oxides from gases MITSUBISHI JUKOGYO KK 13 Nov 1972 [11 Nov 1971] 52302/72 Heading C1A In a method for the removal of sulphur oxides from effluent gas using a calciferous wash liquor from which a calcium sulphate slurry is formed by oxidation, the supernatant liquid from the slurry is filtered to remove metal containing impurities arising from the dust in the gas, and also from the wash liquor, and the carbon dust collected from the gas is utilized as nuclei for flocculation of metal hydroxides prior to said filtration. The process may be continuous, with the above filtrate being recycled, thus eliminating the need for waste disposal.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN HYDROGEN

1. Способ производства фтороводорода взаимодействием фторида кальция с серной кислотой, который включает:(а) стадию смешивания и осуществления реакции частиц фторида кальция со средним диаметром 1-40 мкм с серной кислотой в молярном отношении серная кислота/фторид кальция 0,9-1,1 при температуре 0-70°С с получением реакционной смеси в твердом состоянии; и(b) стадию нагревания реакционной смеси в твердом состоянии до температуры 100-200°С с целью осуществления в ней реакции и, тем самым, получения фтороводорода в газовой фазе.2. Способ по п.1, в котором стадия (а) включает:осуществление смешивания исходных материалов - частиц фторида кальция со средним диаметром 1-40 мкм и серной кислоты - в молярном отношении серная кислота/фторид кальция 0,9-1,1 при температуре 0-40°С и затем нагревания полученной смеси до более высокой температуры, чем при смешивании исходных материалов, но не выше 70°С с целью осуществления реакции между ними и, тем самым, получения реакционной смеси в твердом состоянии.3. Способ производства фтороводорода взаимодействием фторида кальция с серной кислотой, который включает:(с) стадию смешивания и осуществления реакции частиц фторида кальция со средним диаметром 1-40 мкм с серной кислотой в молярном отношении серная кислота/фторид кальция 1,1-2,2 при температуре 0-70°С с получением реакционной смеси в твердом состоянии; и(d) стадию добавления и примешивания частиц фторида кальция со средним диаметром 1-40 мкм к реакционной смеси в твердом состоянии при молярном отношении серная кислота/фторид кальция на стадиях (с) и (d), вместе взятых, составляющем 0,9-1,1, и затем нагревания полученной смеси до температуры 100-200°С с целью � РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2012 103 891 A (51) МПК C01B 7/19 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2012103891/04, 24.06.2010 (71) Заявитель(и): ДАЙКИН ИНДАСТРИЗ, ЛТД. (JP) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 06.07.2009 JP 2009-159754 ( ...

Method of reduction of sulphurous anhydride concentration in flue gases

Изобретение относитс  к технологии снижени  концентрации 50 в дымовых газах печей при сжигании содержащих серу угл  или нефти, позвол ющей упростить процесс за счет : исключени  рециркул ции непрореагировавшего реагента. В печь подают топливо, кислородсодержащий газ и пылевидный реагент, представл ющий собой известн к, доломит или оксид кальци . В печь отдельно от реагента ввод т при распылении воду ;дл  гашени  оксида Са или Mg, присутствующего в газах и образующегос  в печи из карбоната. Из печи вывод т дымовые газы с температурой 50-800&amp;deg;С и продукты нейтрализации SOZ в твердом виде после отделени  их от дымовых газов. Предпочтительно реагент ввод т в избытке по отношению к сере подаваемой в печь с топливом. При отношении Ca/S, равном 4,0, и температуре газов перед подачей воды 800РС снижение концентрации SOg составл ет 12%. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл. С The invention relates to a technology for reducing the concentration of 50 in the flue gases of furnaces when burning coal-containing sulfur or oil, which simplifies the process by: eliminating the recycling of unreacted reagent. Fuel, oxygen-containing gas and pulverized reagent, which is limestone, dolomite or calcium oxide, are supplied to the furnace. Water is sprayed into the kiln separately from the reagent; to quench the Ca or Mg oxide present in the gases and formed in the carbonate kiln. Flue gases with a temperature of 50-800 ° C and neutralization products of SOZ in solid form are removed from the furnace after they are separated from the flue gases. Preferably, the reagent is introduced in excess with respect to the sulfur fed to the fuel furnace. With a Ca / S ratio of 4.0 and a gas temperature before supplying water of 800PC, the decrease in SOg concentration is 12%. 2 hp f-ly, 1 tab. WITH

Treating calcined gypsum with solubilizing agent

A process for producing a healed stucco of low water demand is disclosed in which calcined gypsum is treated with an aqueous solution of a gypsum solubilizing agent, preferably in an impacting blender while grinding the calcined gypsum to increase its surface area. The product can be dried for storage or sent directly to forming gypsum board.