Process for purifying wastewaters from the workup of crude aromatic nitro compounds

The invention relates to a process for purifying crude aromatic nitro compounds which originate from the nitration of aromatic compounds, comprising the single or multiple performance of the following wash stage (a): (a) contacting the crude aromatic nitro compound (N-in) with an aqueous phase (W-res) and then separating the phases to obtain an organic phase (N-res) and an aqueous phase (W-res), wherein at least one demulsifier (D) is present in one or more of the wash stages (a).

METHOD FOR PREPARING 2,3-DIMETHYL-2,3-DINITROBUTANE

The present invention relates to a method for preparing 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), which includes the following steps: (1) making titanium-silicate molecular sieve catalyst, acetone, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia contact and react at 65-80° C. to obtain a modified titanium-silicate molecular sieve catalyst; and (2-1) making acetone oxime and hydrogen peroxide contact and react in the presence of the modified titanium-silicate molecular sieve catalyst and water under the conditions of temperature of 60-90° C. and pH of 8-10, and separating DMNB from the reaction products thereof; or (2-2) making acetone, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide contact and react in the presence of the modified titanium-silicate molecular sieve catalyst and water under the conditions of temperature of 60-90° C. and pH of 8-10, and separating DMNB from the reaction products thereof. By the method provided by the present invention, DMNB can be prepared without having to use dangerous chemicals, such as 2-nitropropane, NaH and the like. 1. A method for preparing 2 ,3-dimethyl-2 ,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB) comprising the following steps:(1) making titanium-silicate molecular sieve catalyst, acetone, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia contact and react at 65-80° C. to obtain a modified titanium-silicate molecular sieve catalyst; and(2-1) making acetone oxime and hydrogen peroxide contact and react in the presence of the modified titanium-silicate molecular sieve catalyst and water under the conditions of temperature of 60-90° C. and pH of 8-10, and separating DMNB from the reaction products thereof; or(2-2) making acetone, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide contact and react in the presence of the modified titanium-silicate molecular sieve catalyst and water under the conditions of temperature of 60-90° C. and pH of 8-10, and separating DMNB from the reaction products thereof.2. The method as in claim 1 , wherein in Step (1) claim 1 , the performance for making titanium-silicate molecular sieve ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING NITROBENZENE

The present invention relates to a continuous process for the production of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene with nitric acid or mixtures of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to give a crude nitrobenzene, washing of the crude nitrobenzene by means of at least one of each of an acid, alkaline and neutral washing, there being obtained a pre-purified nitrobenzene which, as well as containing nitrobenzene, at least contains also low boilers, optionally middle boilers as well as high boilers and salts, wherein the pre-purified nitrobenzene is purified further by separating off low boilers in a distillation apparatus by evaporation of the low boilers, and separation of nitrobenzene from the resulting further purified nitrobenzene in a distillation apparatus by partial evaporation of nitrobenzene, wherein pure nitrobenzene is removed from the distillation apparatus in gaseous form and is subsequently condensed, and wherein the non-evaporated portion of the further purified nitrobenzene is fed back into the washing at any desired point. 17-. (canceled)8. A process for producing nitrobenzene comprisinga) nitrating benzene with nitric acid or a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to obtain crude nitrobenzene and subsequently separating excess acid from said crude nitrobenzene;b) washing said crude nitrobenzene from step a) with at least one each of an acid, alkaline, and neutral washing to obtain a mixture comprising pre-purified nitrobenzene and low boilers after the final washing;c) separating the low boilers from the pre-purified nitrobenzene from step b) in a distillation apparatus by evaporation of the low boilers to obtain a bottom product of further purified nitrobenzene depleted of low boilers;d) partially separating nitrobenzene from the further purified nitrobenzene from step c) in a distillation apparatus by partial evaporation of nitrobenzene, wherein pure nitrobenzene is removed from the distillation apparatus in gaseous form and is subsequently condensed; ...

Process For Nitroalkane Recovery By Aqueous Phase Recycle To Nitration Reactor

Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. Energy and capital costs may be reduced by recycling a majority of the aqueous phase back to the reactor. 1. An apparatus for synthesizing at least one nitroalkane , the apparatus comprising:a reactor for reacting a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid to produce a reaction product stream;a cooling system for quenching the reaction product stream such that it phase separates into at least a gas phase, an oil phase, and an aqueous phase;a divider for dividing the aqueous phase into a first aqueous stream and a second aqueous stream;a recycling system for returning the first aqueous stream to the reactor; anda recovery system for recovering the at least one nitroalkane from at least one of the oil phase and the second aqueous stream.2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reactor the reactor is a downflow configured reactor.3. An apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising an absorber for absorbing water-soluble and oil-soluble components from the gas phase into the oil phase and the second aqueous stream to form a gas-recovered mixture. The invention relates to a process for synthesizing nitroalkanes. More specifically, the invention relates to a process for improved nitroalkane recovery in which an aqueous phase is recycled back to the nitration reactor.The nitration of hydrocarbons generally involves the distillation of both an oil phase and an aqueous phase. However, this process requires large energy and capital expenditures.In conventional vapor phase nitration schemes, described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,780,115 and 3,869,253, the reactor effluent is rapidly quenched and the quenched mixture is sent to a separator. The gas phase is then withdrawn for purification and recycling and the aqueous phase and the oil phase are separated by decantation and treated simultaneously to recover the desired ...

Apparatus and Process for Using a Nitroalkane as an Entrainer for Azeotropic Removal of Water from Aqueous Acid Solution

Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for concentrating an organic acid by using a nitroalkane as an entrainer for the azeotropic removal of water from an aqueous organic acid solution. The nitroalkane may be the same as a nitroalkane that is the product of a high pressure nitration process that produces nitroalkanes and aqueous organic acid. 1. A process comprising:supplying a feed stream to an azeotropic distillation column, wherein the feed stream comprises water and an organic acid;using a nitroalkane as an entrainer in the azeotropic distillation column, such that the feed stream is separated into at least a top stream and a bottom stream, wherein the top stream comprises the nitroalkane and water and wherein the bottom stream comprises the organic acid;separating the top stream into an organic phase and an aqueous phase, the organic phase comprising the nitroalkane; andreturning at least a portion of the organic phase to the azeotropic distillation column.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the nitroalkane is selected from the group consisting of 1-nitropropane and 2-nitropropane.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom stream is at least 90 weight percent of the organic acid.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the azeotropic distillation column comprises at least forty stages.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the organic acid is present in the bottom stream in a higher concentration than in the feed stream.6. A process according to claim 1 , further comprising returning at least a portion of the aqueous phase to the azeotropic distillation column.7. A process comprising:reacting a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid in a reactor to produce a product stream comprising a product nitroalkane and byproducts;degassing the product stream to produce a liquid stream;separating the liquid stream in a stripping apparatus into a first top stream and a first bottom stream, wherein the first top stream comprises the ...

Ester-Based Reactive Plasticizer For Plastic Bonded Explosives

Disclosed is an energetic reactive plasticizer for a plastic bonded explosive (PBX), and specifically an energetic reactive plasticizer for PBX which has high performance and insensitiveness without a plasticizer leak by being bonded with a polymer binder for a plastic bonded explosive. 2. Method for preparing an ester compound according to claim 1 , which comprises an esterification reaction between 2 claim 1 ,2-dinitropropyl alcohol and an carboxylic acid containing an acetylene group.3. The ester compound according to claim 1 , which is 2 claim 1 ,2-dinitropropyl propiolate claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-dinitropropyl-4-pentynoate or 2 claim 1 ,2-dinitropropyl-5-hexynoate. This application claims the benefit and priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2012-0087431 filed Aug. 9, 2012. The entire disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to an energetic reactive plasticizer for a plastic bonded explosive, and specifically to an energetic reactive plasticizer for a plastic bonded explosive which has high performance and insensitiveness without a migration problem of a plasticizer by being bonded with a polymer binder for a plastic bonded explosive.Currently, efforts to make energetic materials insensitive have been a significant issue in development of explosives and a propellant. As a part of such efforts, plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) having low sensitivity and improved mechanical properties while maintaining high energy properties have been developed. Such PBX now becomes an elementary component of high-energy explosives, polymeric binders and other additives used in a small amount such as a plasticizer or a stabilizer.Currently, a polyurethane polymeric binder on the basis of a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) has been used as a widely applicable polymeric binder system, together with various additives so as to improve processability, mechanical properties and chemical stability. Although such ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BRONOPOL

The invention provides a process for preparing bronopol, which process comprises charging a reaction vessel with water, bromopicrin, nitromethane and paraformaldehyde, gradually feeding a base into said reaction vessel under stirring, bringing the reaction to completion and separating bronopol from the aqueous reaction mixture. 1) A process for preparing bronopol , which process comprises charging a reaction vessel with water , bromopicrin , nitromethane and paraformaldehyde , gradually feeding a base into said reaction vessel under stirring , bringing the reaction to completion and separating bronopol from the aqueous reaction mixture.2) A process according to wherein the molar ratio between the total amount of the base fed into the reaction vessel and the bromopicrin is in the range of 1:100-10:100.3) A process according to claim 2 , wherein the base to bromopicrin ratio is in the range between 3:100 and 7:100.4) A process according to any one of the preceding claims claim 2 , wherein the base is fed to the reaction vessel in the form of an aqueous solution claim 2 , in which the concentration of the base is between 0.1 and 1.25N.5) A process according to claim 4 , wherein the base is provided as an aqueous solution with a concentration between 0.2 and 0.5N.6) A process according to claim 5 , wherein an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide with a weight concentration in the range between 0.8 and 2% is used.7) A process according to any one of the preceding claim claim 1 , claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the base is fed while the temperature in the reaction mixture is above 41° C.8) A process according to claim 7 , wherein at least 30% of the total amount of the base is fed to the reaction mixture at a temperature in the range between 45 and 60° C.9) A process for preparing bronopol claim 7 , which process comprises charging a reaction vessel with water claim 7 , bromopicrin claim 7 , nitromethane and formaldehyde source claim 7 , gradually feeding a base ...

Small Molecule Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors and Methods of Use

Small molecule xanthine oxidase inhibitors are provided, as well as methods for their use in treating gout or hyperuricemia. 115-. (canceled)18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the compound is administered orally. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/734,409, filed Dec. 7, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Gout is caused by hyperuricemia, namely, abnormally high levels of uric acid in the blood. Gout is usually present as acute inflammatory arthritis, as well as tophi, kidney stones, or urate nephropathy. Gout affects 1-2% of adults in developed countries and represents the most common case of inflammatory arthritis in men. In the United States, gouty arthritis accounts for millions of outpatient visits annually. Furthermore, gout and hyperuricemia are associated with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and renal and cardiovascular disease.Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a form of a molybdoflavin protein, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). It plays an important role in the catabolism of purines in humans, as it catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and HO, are generated during this process. Uric acid can serve as an antioxidant to prevent macromolecular damage by ROS. However, overproduction of uric acid can cause hyperuricemia and lead to gout and other diseases. Therefore, maintaining uric acid at normal levels represents an important therapeutic goal for the prevention of gout and related disorders. For most patients with primary gout, overproduction of uric acid is the primary cause of hyperuricemia.Currently, two drugs have been developed to treat gout. Allopurinol is the most commonly used therapy for chronic gout and has been used clinically for more than 40 years. Allopurinol lowers uric acid production by inhibiting XO activity, ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING NITROBENZENE

The invention relates to a method for continuous production of nitrobenzene by means of nitration of benzene with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, in which load change (i.e. a reduction or increase in the quantity of nitric acid supplied to the process per time interval) is particularly advantageously developed. The invention particularly relates to a method in which, in the case of a load reduction, the ratio of the masses of benzene and nitric acid supplied per time interval is significantly increased compared to said ratio before the load change and/or the ratio of the masses of nitric acid and sulfuric acid supplied per time interval is significantly reduced compared to said ratio before the load change. In the event of a load increase, the reverse is carried out. 1. A continuously operated process for preparing nitrobenzene , comprising nitrating benzene with nitric acid and sulfuric acid , wherein [{'sub': 1', '10, 'a stream containing benzene and having a proportion by mass of benzene wwith a mass flow rate of {dot over (m)},'}, {'sub': 2', '20, 'a stream containing nitric acid and having a proportion by mass of nitric acid wwith a mass flow rate of {dot over (m)}, and'}, {'sub': 3', '30, 'a stream containing sulfuric acid and having a proportion by mass of sulfuric acid wwith a mass flow rate of {dot over (m)};'}], '(i) the nitration is supplied with'}{'sub': 10', '20', '1', '2, '(ii) {dot over (m)}and {dot over (m)}, for given values of wand w, are chosen such that benzene is in a stoichiometric excess relative to nitric acid; and'}{'sub': '20', 'claim-text': [{'sub': 2', '20', '2', '1', '10', '1', '3', '30', '3, 'from a starting state A defined by a mass flow rate of nitric acid {dot over (m)}(A)={dot over (m)}(A)·w(A), a mass flow rate of benzene {dot over (m)}(A)={dot over (m)}(A)·w(A) selected with regard to (ii) and a mass flow rate of sulfuric acid {dot over (m)}(A)={dot over (m)}(A)·w(A),'}, {'sub': 2', '20', '2', '1', '10', '1', '3', '30', '3, 'to a ...

NITRATED HYDROCARBONS, DERIVATIVES, AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications. 2. The compound of selected from formula I-1.3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Rand Rare unsubstituted.4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 3-nitrodecane claim 2 , 4-nitrodecane claim 2 , 5-nitrodecane claim 2 , 4-nitrotridecane claim 2 , 5-nitrotridecane claim 2 , 7-nitrotridecane claim 2 , 2-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 3-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 4-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 5-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 6-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 7-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 2-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 3-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 4-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 5-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 6-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 7-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 8-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 3-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 4-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 5-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 6-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 7-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 8-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 2-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 3-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 4-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 5-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 6-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 7-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 8-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 9-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 3-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 4-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 5-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 6-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 7-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 8-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , and 9-nitrooctadecane.5. The compound of selected from formula II-1.6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Ris a linear C-Calkyl; and Ris H claim 5 , linear C-Calkyl claim 5 , or CHOH.7. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Ris H or linear C-Calkyl claim 5 , and Rand R claim 5 , together with the carbon to which they are attached form a linear C-Calkyl ...

GEM-DINITRO ESTER COMPOUND AS ENERGETIC MATERIAL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

Provided is a gem-dinitro ester compound, represented by Formula 1 below: 2. The gem-dinitro ester compound of claim 1 , wherein the substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain or side-chain alkyl group of C˜Cis a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain or side-chain butyl group claim 1 , pentyl group claim 1 , hexyl group claim 1 , heptyl group or octyl group.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain or side-chain alkyl group of C˜Cis a substituted or unsubstituted straight-chain or side-chain butyl group claim 3 , pentyl group claim 3 , hexyl group claim 3 , heptyl group or octyl group.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the reaction of the compound represented by Formula 2 with the compound represented by Formula 3 is performed in the presence of a strong base.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the reaction of the compound represented by Formula 2 with the compound represented by Formula 3 is performed using at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of lower alcohols of C˜Cand water. This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2012-0121335, filed on Oct. 30, 2012, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into this application.1. Technical FieldThe present invention relates to gem-dinitro ester compounds as energetic materials and a method of preparing the same.2. Description of the Related ArtA composite explosive has been developed in order to improve both performance and insensitivity of an explosive. Generally, a composite explosive includes a granular molecular explosive, such as a research development explosive (RDX), to provide explosiveness, and a binder composition. The binder composition is used in an amount of 2˜20 wt % based on the total amount of the composite explosive, and functions to provide dimensional stability and obtuseness to the granular molecular explosive. However, the binder composition does not have a nitro group for exhibiting ...

PROCESS FOR WORKING UP WASTE WATER FROM NITROBENZENE PREPARATION

The invention relates to a process for working up alkaline waste water which is formed during washing of crude nitrobenzene obtained by nitration of benzene, wherein 1. A process for working up alkaline waste water which is formed during washing of crude nitrobenzene obtained by nitration of benzene , comprising:(i) heating the alkaline waste water to a temperature of from 150° C. to 500° C. under an increased pressure with respect to atmospheric pressure with exclusion of oxygen, wherein the heated alkaline waste water is then cooled and expanded;(ii) further purifying the waste water obtained in (i) by stripping with a stripping gas and then cooling the stripping gas stream loaded with impurities is then cooled to a temperature of from 10° C. to 60° C.; and(iii) separating the liquid process product obtained in (ii) into an aqueous and an organic phase and further using the organic phase obtained thereby in an aniline production process.2. The process of claim 1 , comprising sending the organic phase obtained in step (iii) to the educt stream of an aniline production plant.3. The process of claim 1 , comprising sending the organic phase obtained in step (iii) to the product stream of an aniline production plant.4. The process of claim 1 , comprising heating of the alkaline waste water in step (i) under an absolute pressure of from 50 bar to 350 bar.5. The process of claim 1 , comprising the heating of the alkaline waste water in step (i)6. The process of claim 1 , comprising claim 1 , after the heating claim 1 , cooling the alkaline waste water to a temperature of from 60° C. to 100° C.7. The process of claim 1 , comprising partially recycling the aqueous phase obtained in step (iii) into the stripping of sp (ii) and sending the remaining part which is not recycled to a biological treatment plant without further purification steps.8. The process of claim 1 , in which the alkaline waste water used in step (i) originates from step c) or step d) of the following ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF NITROBENZENE

The invention relates to a method for producing nitrobenzene, in which crude nitrobenzene is first produced by nitrating benzene and said crude nitrobenzene is then washed in succession in at least one acid wash, in at least one alkaline wash and in at least one neutral wash, at least one additional wash with an aqueous solution of a potassium salt being interposed between the last alkaline wash and the first neutral wash. 1. Method for producing nitrobenzene bya) nitration of benzene with nitric acid or mixtures of nitric acid and sulfuric acid and subsequent phase separation into an aqueous phase and an organic phase containing nitrobenzene,b) washing of the organic nitrobenzene-containing phase obtained in step a) in at least one wash and subsequent phase separation into an aqueous phase and an organic phase containing nitrobenzene, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate,', 'and subsequent phase separation into an aqueous phase and an organic phase containing nitrobenzene,, 'c) washing of the organic nitrobenzene-containing phase obtained in step b) in at least one alkaline wash with an aqueous solution of a base selected from the group consisting of'}d) washing of the organic nitrobenzene-containing phase obtained in step c) in at least one wash with an aqueous solution of a potassium salt and subsequent phase separation into an aqueous phase and an organic phase containing nitrobenzene,e) washing of the organic nitrobenzene-containing phase obtained in step d) in at least one neutral wash with water and subsequent phase separation into an aqueous phase and an organic phase containing nitrobenzene,f) processing of the organic nitrobenzene-containing phase obtained in step e), wherein purified nitrobenzene is obtained.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein in step c) an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is used.3. Method according to or claim 1 , wherein in step d) a molar ratio of potassium to sodium ions of 1:1 to 20:1 is ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NITROBENZENE BY ADIABATIC NITRATION

The present invention relates to a continuously operated adiabatic process for the preparation of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, in which the dilute sulfuric acid obtained after the nitration has taken place and the crude nitrobenzene has been separated off from the aqueous phase is concentrated for the purpose of re-use in the nitration, and after its concentration, at least one minute before it comes into contact with fresh nitric acid again an oxidizing agent is added such that a concentration of the oxidizing agent of from 10 ppm to 5,000 ppm, based on the total weight of the concentrated sulfuric acid to be recycled into the nitration, is established. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent (c.2) is selected from the group consisting of nitric acid (c.2.1) claim 1 , nitrous acid (c.2.2) claim 1 , nitrosyisulfonic acid (c.2.3) and a mixture of at least two of these oxidizing agents.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the oxidizing agent (c.2) is added 1 minute to 10 minutes before the phase (c.1) comprising sulfuric acid comes into contact with the nitric acid stream (a.3).4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the oxidizing agent (c.2) is added 3 minutes to 7 minutes before the phase (c.1) comprising sulfuric acid comes into contact with the nitric acid stream (a.3).5. The process of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the oxidizing agent (c.2) of from 50 ppm to 2 claim 1 ,000 ppm claim 1 , based on the total weight of the concentrated aqueous phase (c.1) comprising sulfuric acid to be recycled into step a) claim 1 , is established.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the oxidizing agent (c.2) of from 100 ppm to 1 claim 1 ,000 ppm claim 1 , based on the total weight of the concentrated aqueous phase (c.1) comprising sulfuric acid to be recycled into step a) claim 1 , is established.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the phase (c.1) comprising sulfuric acid is held ready in a sulfuric ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING NITROBENZENE COMPOUND

A method for producing a nitrobenzene compound represented by general formula (2), wherein Rand Rare the same or different, and each is a halogen atom or another functional group, and R, R, and Rare the same or different, and each is a hydrogen atom or another functional group, comprises oxidizing an aniline compound represented by general formula (1), wherein R, R, R, R, and Rare the same as described above, with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a tungsten compound under an acidic condition, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide under a neutral to alkaline condition. 122.-. (canceled)24. The method for producing a nitrobenzene compound according to claim 23 , wherein the oxidizing of the aniline compound represented by general formula (1) to the nitrobenzene compound represented by general formula (2) with the hydrogen peroxide is conducted by changing a pH condition in the oxidation reaction from an acidic condition to a neutral to alkaline condition.25. The method for producing a nitrobenzene compound according to claim 23 , wherein the oxidizing of the aniline compound to the nitrobenzene compound is conducted in the presence of a solvent.26. The method for producing a nitrobenzene compound according to claim 25 , wherein the solvent is water claim 25 , an alcohol claim 25 , a nitrile claim 25 , an aromatic hydrocarbon claim 25 , or a mixed solvent thereof.27. The method for producing a nitrobenzene compound according to claim 25 , wherein the solvent is water.28. The method for producing a nitrobenzene compound according to claim 25 , wherein the solvent is a mixed solvent of water and an aromatic hydrocarbon claim 25 , and the oxidizing of the aniline compound to the nitrobenzene compound is conducted in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.29. The method for producing a nitrobenzene compound according to claim 28 , wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon is one or more selected from benzene claim 28 , chlorobenzene claim 28 , dichlorobenzene claim 28 ...

EPOXIDATION OF GLYCEROL AND DERIVATIVES THEREFROM

A method producing a surfactant from glycerol by converting glycerol, in a first step, to glycidol, polymerizing glycidol to an aliphatic alcohol and finally substituting a hydroxyl group with a substitute anion. 1. A method of producing a surfactant from glycerol which includes the steps of:(a) converting glycerol to glycidol;{'sub': n', '(2n+2), '(b) polymerizing glycidol to produce an aliphatic alcohol with a molecular formula CHOy, wherein n and y are numerical integers with n in the range 3 to 30 and y=n−1; and'}(c) substituting the hydroxyl moiety of the alcohol with a suitable head group.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the conversion of glycerol to glycidol includes the steps of dehydrating glycerol to acrolein (propenal) claim 1 , hydrogenating acrolein to allyl alcohol and epoxidizing allyl alcohol claim 1 , with hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , to glycidol.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein a zeolite based catalyst is used in the dehydration step.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein a hydrogenating catalyst claim 2 , including a support and at least one transition metal on the support claim 2 , is used in the hydrogenation step.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one transition metal is cadmium claim 4 , silver or iron.6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein an epoxidizing catalyst claim 2 , being a titanium molecular sieve or a gold containing catalyst claim 2 , is used in the epoxidizing step.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein polymerization claim 1 , in step (b) claim 1 , takes place by heating glycidol claim 1 , in an acidic medium claim 1 , for a predetermined period claim 1 , the length of which is dependent upon the number of carbon atoms (n) required in a tail group of the surfactant.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the polymerization step is initiated with boron trifluoride.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the tail group has a length in a range n=10 to 20.10. ...

CARBON SORBENT FOR REMOVAL OF METAL CATALYSTS FROM PHARMACEUTICALS

The present invention relates to a carbon sorbent the can selectively remove platinum-group metals and other heavy metals such as tin without co-removing organic synthesis products including pharmaceutical intermediates and finished Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). The carbon sorbents of the present invention are made from low-cost, high purity starting materials and the resulting carbon sorbents are also very pure. The carbon sorbents possess a combination of certain nitrogen and phosphorous groups combined with mesoporosity (2 to 50 nm diameter pores) that proves the high metal adsorption. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. A carbon sorbent for removing metals from organic reaction products , the carbon sorbent comprising:(a) a nitrogen content of at least 3 weight %, which is present in the form of pyridine, pyridone, pyrrole or N—P bonds,(b) an oxygen content of between 7 weight % and 16 weight %,(c) a phosphorous content of at least 0.8 atom % as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,(d) a BET surface area of between 200 and 1700 meters squared per gram, and a mesopore volume of at least 0.05 cubic centimeters per gram, wherein mesopores have a diameter of from 2 to 50 nanometers, further comprising: a platinum-group metal uptake of at least 83% from a solution of 1.3 ppm platinum-group metal in an organic solvent with an API product present in the organic solvent at a concentration of 1.0 grams of the API product per 0.5 grams of the carbon sorbent, and wherein recovery of the API product is greater than 99%.7. The carbon sorbent of claim 6 , wherein the platinum-group metal is palladium.8. A carbon sorbent for removing metals from organic reaction products claim 6 , the carbon sorbent comprising:(a) a nitrogen content of at least 3 weight %, which is present in the form of pyridine, pyridone, pyrrole or N—P bonds,(b) an oxygen content of between 7 weight % and 16 weight %,(c) a phosphorous content of at least 0 ...

PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF NITROBENZENE

The invention relates to a continuously operating process for producing nitrobenzene, comprising the following steps: a) nitriding benzene in adiabatic conditions with sulfuric acid and nitric acid, using a stoichiometric excess of benzene in relation to the nitric acid; b) first separating a gaseous phase containing benzene and gaseous secondary components from the raw process product of the nitridation in a gas separator provided specifically for this purpose, then separating, in a downstream phase-separating apparatus, the resulting liquid phase, which is depleted in gaseous components and contains nitrobenzene and sulfuric acid, into a sulfuric acid phase and a nitrobenzene phase; and c) processing the nitrobenzene phase, obtaining nitrobenzene. The invention also relates to a production plant suitable for carrying out the claimed process. 1. A process for the continuous preparation of nitrobenzene , comprising:a) adiabatically reacting a benzene-containing stream a reactor with sulfuric acid and nitric acid using a, based on nitric acid, stoichiometric excess of benzene, to obtain a process product containing nitrobenzene, benzene and sulfuric acid; '(ii) passing the liquid phase produced in step b)(i) into a phase separation apparatus in which the liquid phase is subjected to a phase separation, wherein a liquid aqueous, sulfuric acid-comprising phase and a liquid organic, nitrobenzene-comprising phase are withdrawn from the phase separation apparatus; and', 'b) (i) passing the process product containing nitrobenzene, benzene and sulfuric acid is first passed into a gas separator in which a gaseous phase comprising benzene and gaseous secondary components is removed from the process product, leaving a liquid phase comprising nitrobenzene and sulfuric acid and depleted of gaseous constituents;'}c) working up the liquid organic, nitrobenzene comprising phase to obtain the nitrobenzene.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:d) concentrating the ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MOULDED ARTICLES

A method for producing moulded articles from a base substance which is mixed with a solvent to produce a moulding solution, and subsequently this solvent is at least partially removed from the moulding solution and the moulding solution is supplied to a device () for moulding, the moulding solution is supplied to a vertical cylindrical thin-film evaporator () and a horizontal cylindrical thick-film dissolver (). 112-. (canceled)13. A method for producing molded articles from a base substance , comprising the steps of:providing a base substance selected from the group consisting of cellulose, proteins, polylactides, starch and mixtures thereof;mixing the base substance with a solvent to produce a solution;subsequently removing at least a portion of the solvent is at least partly removed from molding solution to produce a molding solution;{'b': 2', '4', '1', '4', '2', '4, 'feeding the molding solution to a vertical cylindrical thin-film evaporator () and thereafter a horizontal cylindrical thick-layer dissolver (), wherein the molding solution is while still at least one of () in the thick-layer dissolver () and () in the course of the ensuing discharging from the thick-layer dissolver () is diluted to a viscosity for molding.'}14. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the solvent is an aqueous tertiary amine oxide.152. The method as claimed in claim 14 , including concentrating the molding solution in the thin-film evaporator () by water evaporation to a pre-dissolution state corresponding to an approximately 2.5 hydrate of a tertiary amine oxide.1624. The method as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the molding solution of the thin-film evaporator () is concentrated to about 0.8 to 1.0 hydrate claim 15 , dissolved and homogenized into a final molding solution in the thick-layer dissolver () by water evaporation.1724. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein at least one of the thin-layer evaporator () and the thick-layer dissolver () is operated at 80° to 180° C ...

SYNTHESIS OF DESOSAMINES

The present invention provides desosamine and mycaminose analogs and nitro sugars and methods for their preparation. The invention also provides methods of cyclizing a compound of Formula (A′) with glyoxal to give a nitro sugar of Formula (B). Methods for the preparation of compound of Formula (D′) are provided comprising cyclization of a nitro alcohol to give a nitro sugar and reduction and alkylation of the nitro sugar to give a desosamine, mycaminose, or an analog thereof. 3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkylating agent is formaldehyde claim 1 , benzyl bromide claim 1 , or di-tert-butyl dicarbonate.45-. (canceled)7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the step of reducing is performed in the presence of Hand a catalyst.8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 6 , wherein Rand Rare hydrogen.1213-. (canceled)1516-. (canceled)18. (canceled)20. The method of claim 19 , wherein Pand Pare —C(═O)OMe.2325-. (canceled)26. The method of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare methyl.27. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen or methyl.2839-. (canceled)4143-. (canceled)4561-. (canceled)6377-. (canceled)7992-. (canceled) The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. provisional patent application, U.S. Ser. No. 62/138,168, filed Mar. 25, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference.Emerging resistance to existing antibiotics is rapidly developing as a crisis of global proportions, especially for , and infections. Pathogenic bacteria can transmit genes coding for antibiotic resistance both vertically (to their progeny) and horizontally (to neighboring bacteria of different lineages), and as a result antibiotic resistance can evolve quickly, particularly in nosocomial (hospital) settings. See, e.g., Wright, . (2011) 47:4055-4061. This year, >99,000 people will die in the U.S. from healthcare-associated infections, more than all casualties from car accidents, HIV, and breast cancer combined, creating an estimated burden of up to $45 billion in U.S. ...

Separation and Manipulation of a Chiral Object

Among other things, for use in directional motion of chiral objects in a mixture, a field is applied across the chamber and is rotating relative to the chamber to cause rotation of the chiral objects. The rotation of the objects causes them to move directionally based on their chirality. The method applies to sugars, proteins, and peptides, among other things, and can be used in a wide variety of applications. 15-. (canceled)6. A method comprisingenhancing a purity of at least one of two enantiomers in a mixture by separating molecules of the two enantiomers in each of a series of chambers, the purity of the enantiomer in at least some of the successive chambers being at increasingly higher levels, andtransferring a portion of at least one of the separated enantiomers from each of the chambers to a previous one or a next one of the chambers in the series.720-. (canceled)21. A method for use with an apparatus that comprisesa chamber to hold a mixture containing one or more enantiomers;a field source to impose a rotating field on the mixture;the chamber having an inlet to receive the mixture, and an outlet to remove a portion of the mixture that contains at least one of the enantiomers in an elevated concentration relative to its average concentration in the mixture in the chamber; anda chemical reaction vessel connected to the chamber to hold fluid to be delivered to the chamber;the method comprisinganalyzing or processing a reaction component in the fluid using the chamber.22. The method of in which the analyzing or processing comprises analyzing purity of a reaction component.23. The method of in which the analyzing or processing comprises purification of a reaction component.24. The apparatus of in which the analyzing or processing comprises determining the absolute configuration of a reaction component.256. The method of in which the chiral objects comprise achiral molecules claim 21 , such as lipids claim 21 , that have chiral labels attached. This application ...

NITRATED HYDROCARBONS, DERIVATIVES, AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications. 2. The compound of selected from formula I-1.3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Rand Rare unsubstituted.4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 3-nitrodecane claim 2 , 4-nitrodecane claim 2 , 5-nitrodecane claim 2 , 4-nitrotridecane claim 2 , 5-nitrotridecane claim 2 , 7-nitrotridecane claim 2 , 2-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 3-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 4-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 5-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 6-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 7-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 2-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 3-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 4-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 5-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 6-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 7-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 8-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 3-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 4-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 5-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 6-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 7-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 8-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 2-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 3-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 4-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 5-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 6-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 7-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 8-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 9-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 3-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 4-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 5-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 6-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 7-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 8-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , and 9-nitrooctadecane.5. The compound of selected from formula II-1.6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Ris a linear C-Calkyl; and Ris H claim 5 , linear C-Calkyl claim 5 , or CHOH.7. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Ris H or linear C-Calkyl claim 5 , and the total number of carbons in Rand R claim 5 , together with the carbon to which they are ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING NITRATION PRODUCTS

The present invention relates to a method for removing impurities from nitrated crude products obtained during the nitration of nitratable aromatic compounds, after removal of the final nitrating acid, by treatment with a washing medium, and also to a plant or apparatus suitable for implementing this method. Further provided by the invention is a production plant for the nitration of nitratable aromatic compounds with subsequent purification of the nitrated products. 116-. (canceled)17. A process for removing impurities from crude nitrated products obtained in the nitration of nitratable aromatic compounds by treating the crude products , after removal of the residual nitrating acid , with a washing medium ,wherein, in step (a), the crude nitrated products are firstly brought into contact with a washing medium and the crude nitrated products and the washing medium are dispersed in one another in such a way that an emulsion results, andwherein, in step (b), the resulting emulsion is subsequently fed into a tube reactor, so that the impurities initially present in the crude nitrated products are removed during passage of the emulsion through the tube reactor and/or so that the impurities initially present in the crude nitrated products are transferred into the washing medium and are neutralized thereby during passage of the emulsion through the tube reactor.18. The process as claimed in claim 17 ,wherein the emulsion is produced in step (a) by means of a dispersing device.19. The process as claimed in claim 18 ,wherein a jet mixer or a centrifugal pump is used as the dispersing device.20. The process as claimed in claim 18 ,wherein a jet mixer is used as the dispersing device, with the jet mixer producing a central driving jet and a medium surrounding the driving jet in the form of an annular jet.21. The process as claimed in claim 20 ,wherein the driving jet in the jet mixer is the washing medium or else the crude nitrated product to be purified and wherein the ratio ...

PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING MONOTERPENES

The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the perillyl alcohol derivative is a perillyl alcohol ester.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the ester is a benzoate ester.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the benzoate ester is 3 claim 3 ,5-dinitrobenzoate ester.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the isolated (S)-perillyl alcohol has a purity of greater than about 99.0% (w/w).6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the isolated (S)-perillyl alcohol has a purity of greater than about 99.5% (w/w).7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises natural-product-derived or other impurities. This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/939,834 filed Jul. 11, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,133,085, issued Sep. 15, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/040,059 filed Mar. 3, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,507,734, issued Aug. 13, 2013 which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/310,231 filed Mar. 3, 2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.The present invention relates to monoterpene or sesquiterpene compositions. In particular, the present invention relates to using ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING TOLUENEDIAMINE

The invention concerns a method for producing toluenediamine by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene in the presence of a catalyst, a dinitrotoluene being used as starting material and being processed by applying an electrical voltage. 1. A process for preparing toluenediamine by hydrogenation in the presence of a catalyst of a dinitrotoluene starting material which has been treated by application of an electric potential.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dinitrotoluene starting material treated by application of an electric potential contains from 90% by mass to 99.5% by mass of dinitrotoluene and from 0.5% by mass to 10% by mass of water.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein a DC voltage of from 50 volt to 1000 volt is used as electric potential to which the dinitrotoluene starting material is subjected in a cell having an electrode spacing of from 1 mm to 100 mm for a period of from 0.01 second to 100 seconds.4. The process of claim 1 , comprising:(i) dinitrating toluene to form dinitrotoluene(ii) working-up the crude process product obtained in step (i) by (ii.1) removal of the aqueous phase and (11.2) subsequent at least single-stage scrubbing of the dinitrotoluene phase obtained in (ii.1) by means of at least one aqueous scrubbing medium, where each scrubbing stage comprises mixing of the dinitrotoluene phase with aqueous scrubbing medium and subsequent removal of the aqueous scrubbing medium;(iii) treating the dinitrotoluene by application of an electric potential, where the treatment is carried out before or after removal of aqueous scrubbing medium used in step (ii); and(iv) hydrogenating the dinitrotoluene starting material treated by application of an electric potential.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the scrubbing in step (ii.2) comprises from two to four stages and the aqueous scrubbing medium of at least one of the stages apart from the last stage contains a base.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the scrubbing in step (ii.2) comprises from 2 to 6 ...

METHOD OF SYNTHESIZING (1R,2R)-NITROALCOHOL COMPOUND

Disclosed is a method of synthesizing a (1R,2R)-nitroalcohol compound of formula (I), as shown in the following reaction scheme, including: subjecting a compound of formula (II) and a compound of formula (III) to a condensation reaction in an organic solvent in the presence of a copper complex generated in situ from a chiral (1S,2R)-amino alcohol ligand and a cupric salt to produce the (1R,2R)-nitroalcohol compound of formula (I), where Rand Rare defined in the same manner as that in the specification. The method involves mild reaction conditions, excellent diastereoselectivity and high chemical yield, and thus it is suitable for industrial applications. 3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a molar ratio of the compound of formula (II) to the compound of formula (III) to the cupric salt to the chiral (1S claim 2 ,2R)-amino alcohol ligand is 1:1.1-8:0.05-0.15:0.08-0.2.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein a molar ratio of the compound of formula (II) to the compound of formula (III) to the cupric salt to the chiral (1S claim 3 ,2R)-amino alcohol ligand is 1: 2-6:0.05-0.15:0.08-0.2.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chiral (1S claim 1 ,2R)-amino alcohol ligand is (1S claim 1 ,2R)-1 claim 1 ,2-diphenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol claim 1 , (1S claim 1 ,2R)-2-(dimethylamino)-1 claim 1 ,2-diphenylethan-1-ol or (1S claim 1 ,2R)-2-(diisopropylamino)-1 claim 1 ,2-diphenylethan-1-ol.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the chiral (1S claim 2 ,2R)-amino alcohol ligand is (1S claim 2 ,2R)-1 claim 2 ,2-diphenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol claim 2 , (1S claim 2 ,2R)-2-(dimethylamino)-1 claim 2 ,2-diphenylethan-1-ol or (1S claim 2 ,2R)-2-(diisopropylamino)-1 claim 2 ,2-diphenylethan-1-ol.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the chiral (1S claim 3 ,2R)-amino alcohol ligand is (1S claim 3 ,2R)-1 claim 3 ,2-diphenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol claim 3 , (1S claim 3 ,2R)-2-(dimethylamino)-1 claim 3 ,2-diphenylethan-1-ol or (1S claim 3 ,2R)-2-(diisopropylamino)-1 claim 3 ,2- ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING CHEMICAL PRODUCTS WITH OPERATION INTERRUPTIONS

This invention relates to methods for producing chemical products, wherein the one or more feed materials are reacted to form a chemical product or a chemical composition. The invention further relates to plants for performing such methods, said plants being designed in such a way that, during an interruption of the methods, no input of at least one feed material into the reaction occurs and the plant parts not affected by a revision measure, maintenance measure, repair measure, or cleaning measure are operated in so-called re-circulation mode. It is thereby achieved, among other things, that only the affected plant part needs to be shut down for the time of the measure, which can be advantageous with regard to the productivity and economy of the method and the quality of the produced products. Finally, the invention relates to methods for operating plants in the event that individual plant parts are taken out of service. 1. A process for preparing a chemical product or a chemical composition , comprising:{'sub': '1', '(I) reacting at least one substrate in a reactor to form at least one chemical product or a chemical composition, in which the mass flow of said at least one substrate being introduced into the reactor is m;'}(II) working up the reaction mixture obtained in step (I) in a workup apparatus to obtain a crude product and at least one secondary stream comprising the constituents separated from the crude product;(III) optionally, purifying the crude product obtained in step (II) in at least one purifying apparatus to obtain a purified end product and at least one secondary stream comprising the constituents separated from the purified end product;(IV) optionally, working up the at least one secondary stream obtained in step (II) in a workup unit;and(V) if (III) is performed, optionally working up the at least one secondary stream obtained in step (III) in a workup unit,wherein{'sub': '1', 'in the event of shutdown of one or more plant sections from (I) to ( ...

METHOD OF PURIFYING NITRATED AROMATIC COMPOUNDS FROM A NITRATION PROCESS

A process for removing impurities from crude nitrated aromatic products obtained during the nitration of aromatic compounds. The nitrated aromatic products are purified by treatment with ammonia washing followed by caustic washing. The nitrophenolic-containing wash waters are treated to recover dissolved organics and ammonia, and the stripped ammonia-wash effluent is incinerated. Carbon dioxide, which can accumulate in the process, is purged to the caustic washer. 1. A method of purifying a nitroaromatic product containing nitro-hydroxy-aromatic by-products produced in a nitration process , comprising the steps of:(a) washing the nitrated aromatic product containing nitro-hydroxy-aromatic by-products with an alkaline aqueous solution comprising ammonia to convert some of the nitro-hydroxy-aromatic by-products into their respective nitro-hydroxy-aromatic ammonium salts;(b) separating an aqueous wash stream containing the nitro-hydroxy-aromatic ammonium salts formed in step (a) from an organic stream comprising ammonia-washed nitroaromatic product;(c) washing the ammonia-washed nitroaromatic product with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution to convert the nitro-hydroxy-aromatic by-products that were not removed in steps (a) and (b) into their respective nitro-hydroxy-aromatic alkali-metal salts; and(d) separating an aqueous wash stream comprising the nitro-hydroxy-aromatic alkali-metal salts produced in step (c) from an organic stream comprising alkali-metal-hydroxide-washed nitroaromatic product.2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of stripping or concentrating the aqueous wash stream of step (b) to produce a condensate stream comprising nitroaromatic product and ammonia and a stripped effluent stream.3. A method according to claim 2 , further comprising the step of recycling the condensate stream to the ammonia washing of step (a).4. A method according to claim 2 , further comprising the step of treating the stripped effluent stream ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NITROBENZENE BY ADIABATIC NITRATION

The present invention provides a continuous process for the production of nitrobenzene by nitration of benzene with mixtures of sulfuric and nitric acid using a stoichiometric excess of benzene, in which the content of aliphatic organic compounds in the feed benzene during the start-up period of the production plant is always maintained at less than 1.5 wt. %, based on the total mass of the feed benzene. This is achieved either by mixing the feed benzene comprising recycled unreacted benzene (recycled benzene) and benzene newly supplied to the reaction (fresh benzene) in appropriate quantitative ratios during the start-up period, depending on the purity of the two streams, or by completely omitting the recycling of unreacted benzene during the start-up period, i.e. the feed benzene consists only of benzene newly supplied to the reaction. 3. The process according to claim 1 , in which the aliphatic organic compounds are selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane claim 1 , heptane claim 1 , methylcyclohexane claim 1 , bicycloheptane claim 1 , isomers of dimethylcyclopentane claim 1 , ethylcyclopentane claim 1 , pentane claim 1 , cyclopentane and 2-methylhexane.4. The process according to claim 1 , in which at least 25 wt. % of the stream (d.2) is always returned into step a).5. The process according to claim 1 , in which benzene is used in step a) in an excess of 2.0% to 20% of the theoretical value.6. The process according to claim 1 , in which the benzene-comprising stream (d.2) encompasses 40.0 wt. % to 99.9 wt. % benzene claim 1 , based on the total mass of (d.2).7. The process according to claim 2 , in which the aliphatic organic compounds are selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane claim 2 , heptane claim 2 , methylcyclohexane claim 2 , bicycloheptane claim 2 , isomers of dimethylcyclopentane claim 2 , ethylcyclopentane claim 2 , pentane claim 2 , cyclopentane and 2-methylhexane.8. The process according to claim 3 , in which at least 25 wt. % of ...

SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONALIZED CARBON MICROSPHERES AND THEIR CATALYST ACTIVITY IN C-O AND C-N BOND FORMATION REACTIONS

Disclosed herein is a simple process for functionalization/grafting of carbon microspheres obtained from bagasse with various active functional groups onto it and use of the same as catalyst for various organic reactions, having very high selectivity and conversion rate. 1. A process for preparation of functionalized carbon microspheres by grafting catalytically active functional groups on to carbon microspheres obtained from bagasse to generate acidic or basic surface wherein said process comprising the steps of;a) heating bagasse, water and oxalic acid at temperature ranging between 150 to 180° C. for a period ranging between 6 to 12 h to obtain carbon microspheres;b) refluxing of carbon microspheres as obtained in step (a) and an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of n-pentane, n-hexane, toluene or lower alcohols in the presence of functional group grafting agent at temp ranging between 80-120° C. for a period in the range of 8-12 h h to obtain functionalized carbon microspheres.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein functional group grafting agent in step (b) is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) (3-(2aminoethylamino) propyl)-trimethoxysilane claim 1 , (3-(mecaptopropyl)-trimethoxy sila claim 1 , 3-cyanopropyltriethoxysilane.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active functional groups are selected from the group consisting of silylated acid claim 1 , amine claim 1 , SOH groups to obtain acidic claim 1 , or basic functional characteristics.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the diameter or the particle size of functionalized CMS is 1 to 5 μm.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the said functionalized carbon microspheres catalyze C—O and C—N bond formation reactions in high selectivity and conversion rate.6. The process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein C—O formation reactions is epoxidation process which comprises mixing olefin claim 5 , an oxidant HO claim 5 , an ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING IMPURITIES FROM DINITROTOLUENES

The present invention relates to a method for purifying raw dinitrotoluenes resulting from dinitration of toluene in the presence of a nitric acid/sulfuric acid/nitrating acid mixture, and a device or plant for performing the method, and a corresponding production plant for producing dinitrotoluene, characterized in that (a) the raw dinitrotoluenes are first subjected to a wash with at least one washing medium after separation of the nitrating acid mixture, followed by a separation of the washing medium; and that (b) subsequently the washed dinitrotoluenes resulting from method step (a) are subjected to stripping (stripping gas treatment) with at least one gas (stripping gas). 111-. (canceled)12. A process for purifying crude dinitrotoluenes resulting from the nitration of toluene in the presence of a nitric acid/sulfuric acid nitrating acid mixturewherein the process comprises the following steps:(a) the crude dinitrotoluenes, after separation from the spent nitrating acid mixture, are first subjected to a washing with at least one wash medium, followed by a removal of the wash medium; and(b) subsequently, the washed dinitrotoluenes resulting from process step (a) are subjected to a stripping via stripping gas treatment with at least one stripping gas, wherein the stripping gas used is a gas which is non-reactive with respect to dinitrotoluenes and is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, noble gases, hydrogen, carbon oxides and mixtures thereof and wherein the stripping is conducted in the absence of steam.13. The process as claimed in claim 12 ,wherein, in process step (a), the wash is conducted as a liquid/liquid extraction and wherein, in process step (a), the wash is conducted in one or more wash steps.14. The process as claimed in claim 12 ,wherein, in process step (a), the wash is conducted in three wash steps, wherein the wash in three wash steps comprises a first acidic wash step, a subsequent second alkaline wash step and a final third ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING NITROBENZENE BY ADIABATIC NITRIDING

The invention relates to an adiabatic process for producing nitrobenzene by nitrating benzene with sulphuric acid mixtures and nitric acid mixtures using a stoichiometric excess of benzene and reusing non-reacted benzene, the content of the aliphatic organic compounds in the feed benzene being limited, by the targeted evacuation of aliphatic organic compounds to at least one step in the process, to a content of less than 1.5 mass-%, in relation to the total amount of feed benzene. 3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic organic compounds are selected from the group consisting of cyclohexane claim 1 , heptane claim 1 , methylcyclohexane claim 1 , bicycloheptane claim 1 , isomers of dimethylcyclopentane claim 1 , ethylcyclopentane claim 1 , pentane claim 1 , cyclopentane and 2-methylhexane.4. The process according of claim 1 , wherein the pressure measured relative to atmospheric pressure in the gas phase of the phase separation apparatus used in step b) is adjusted to a value of 20 mbar to 200 mbar claim 1 , wherein the temperature in the phase separation apparatus used in step b) is adjusted to a value of 100° C. to 140° C. claim 1 , and wherein aliphatic organic compounds are removed with the gas phase of the phase separation apparatus used in step b).5. The process according to claim 4 , further comprising feeding an inert gas into the phase separation apparatus in order to assist the removal of the aliphatic organic compounds claim 4 , the aliphatic organic compounds being removed together with said inert gas via an off-gas line connected to the gas space of the phase separation apparatus.6. The process according to claim 5 , further comprising separating the process product obtained in the adiabatic reaction in the reactor (1*) in a phase separation apparatus (2*) Into an aqueous phase (b.1.2) comprising sulfuric acid and an organic phase (b.2.2) comprising nitrobenzene claim 5 , and the organic phase (b.2.2)=(15*) being freed of aliphatic ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING NITROBENZENE BY ADIABATIC NITRIDING

The invention provides a continuous adiabatic process for the preparation of nitrobenzene by nitrating benzene with mixtures of sulfuric and nitric acids using a stoichiometric excess of benzene, wherein the content of organic compounds in the circulating sulfuric acid, at least during the start-up period of the production plant, is always kept below 1.0 mass percent, based on the total mass of circulating sulfuric acid. This is preferably achieved by a procedure in which, either after the end or before the beginning of a production cycle, the circulating sulfuric acid is circulated at elevated temperature so that the organics contained in the sulfuric acid, preferably comprising nitrobenzene and traces of benzene, dinitrobenzene and nitrophenols, are separated off in the evaporation apparatus for concentrating the sulfuric acid. 1. A continuous process for the preparation of nitrobenzene by the nitration of benzene , comprising:a) reacting a benzene-containing stream (a.1) in a reactor with a mixture of sulfuric acid (a.2) and nitric acid (a.3) under adiabatic conditions, wherein the benzene is used in a stoichiometric excess, based on nitric acid (a.3), and the quantity M′ of the benzene-containing stream (a.1) fed into the reactor per hour is increased over a period of time t from the beginning of the nitration until a preset target value for M′ is achieved,b) the process product obtained in step a) in a phase separating apparatus into an aqueous phase (b.1) comprising sulfuric acid and an organic phase (b.2) comprising nitrobenzene,c) concentrating the aqueous phase (b.1) obtained in step b) by evaporation of the water in an evaporation apparatus to give an aqueous phase (c.1) comprising sulfuric acid and having a higher sulfuric acid concentration than (b.1), wherein the phase (c.1) is recycled into step a) via a sulfuric acid tank and used as a component of (a.2), andd) working up the organic phase (b.2) obtained in step b) to pure nitrobenzene (d.1),whereinat ...

Process for producing nitrobenzene

The present invention relates to a process for the continuous production of nitrobenzene by the nitration of benzene with nitric acid and sulphuric acid under adiabatic conditions, not the entire production plant being shut down during a production stop, but the production plant being entirely or at least partly operated in recirculation mode. The invention further relates to a plant for producing nitrobenzene and to a method for operating a plant for producing nitrobenzene.

NITRATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

The present invention provides a process for nitrating aromatic compounds without the need for a solid catalyst and/or any organic solvents and/or any other additives. A typical process includes combining or admixing a nitric acid and an anhydride compound under conditions sufficient to produce a reactive intermediate. The aromatic compound to be nitrated is then added to this reactive intermediate to produce a nitroaromatic compound. The nitroaromatic compound can be substituted with one or more, typically, one to three, and often one or two nitrate (—NO) groups. 1. A process for nitrating an aromatic compound comprising:reacting a concentrated nitric acid with an anhydride in the absence of any organic solvent under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction mixture comprising an acylated nitrate intermediate compound; andadding an aromatic compound to the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to produce a nitrated aromatic compound.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said step of adding the aromatic compound to the reaction mixture comprises adding a solution of the aromatic compound in the anhydride.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said aromatic compound comprises an electron donating group.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein said aromatic compound is anisole.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein said nitrated aromatic compound comprises 2 claim 4 ,4-dinitroanisole.6. A process for nitrating an optionally substituted phenyl compound comprising:(a) providing a reaction mixture consisting essentially of a mixture obtained by combining a concentrated nitric acid and an anhydride compound; and(b) adding an optionally substituted phenyl compound to said reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to produce a nitrated phenyl compound.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the reaction temperature of said step (b) is about 30° C. or less.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein each of Rand Ris independently C-Calkyl.10. The process of claim 9 , wherein each of Rand ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING HCN FROM CRUDE DINITRO TOLUENE

A process for the preparation of dintrotoluene which comprises (a) nitrating toluene with a nitrating acid, wherein said nitrating acid is a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, in one or more nitration steps, and separating the nitrating acid from the process stream thus formed, wherein a crude mixture comprising dinitrotoluene and a fraction of said nitrating acid dissolved therein is obtained, said crude mixture further comprising at least 50 ppm of HCN, and (b) washing the crude dinitrotoluene containing mixture in one or more washing steps, wherein, before the first washing step is carried out, the crude mixture is distilled and/or stripped to remove HCN therefrom, wherein a crude dinitrotoluene containing mixture which is essentially free of HCN is obtained. 112.-. (canceled)13. A process for the preparation of dinitrotoluene which comprises(a) nitrating toluene with a nitrating acid, wherein said nitrating acid is a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, in one or more nitration steps, and separating the nitrating acid from the process stream thus formed, wherein a crude mixture comprising dinitrotoluene and a fraction of said nitrating acid dissolved therein is obtained, said crude mixture further comprising at least 50 ppm of HCN, and(b) washing the crude dinitrotoluene containing mixture in one or more washing steps,wherein, before the first washing step is carried out, the crude mixture is distilled and/or stripped in a flash evaporator, stripping or distillation column to remove HCN therefrom, wherein a crude dinitrotoluene containing mixture which is essentially free of HCN is obtained, and the gaseous phase obtained from the top of the flash evaporator, stripping or distillation column is partially condensed in order to recover a condensate containing nitric acid, sulfuric acid and dinitrotoluene while keeping as least 50% of the HCN in the gaseous phase.14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the crude dinitrotoluene containing mixture is ...

SMALL MOLECULE XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE

Small molecule xanthine oxidase inhibitors are provided, as well as methods for their use in treating gout or hyperuricemia. 115-. (canceled) This application is a divisional application and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/790,083 filed on Mar. 8, 2013 entitled “Small Molecule Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors And Methods Of Use” which claims the benefit of and incorporates by reference U.S. provisional patent Application Ser. No. 61/734,409, filed on Dec. 7, 2012 and entitled “Small Molecule Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors And Methods Of Use.” Which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Gout is caused by hyperuricemia, namely, abnormally high levels of uric acid in the blood. Gout is usually present as acute inflammatory arthritis, as well as tophi, kidney stones, or urate nephropathy. Gout affects 1-2% of adults in developed countries and represents the most common case of inflammatory arthritis in men. In the United States, gouty arthritis accounts for millions of outpatient visits annually. Furthermore, gout and hyperuricemia are associated with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and renal and cardiovascular disease.Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a form of a molybdoflavin protein, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). It plays an important role in the catabolism of purines in humans, as it catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and HO, are generated during this process. Uric acid can serve as an antioxidant to prevent macromolecular damage by ROS. However, overproduction of uric acid can cause hyperuricemia and lead to gout and other diseases. Therefore, maintaining uric acid at normal levels represents an important therapeutic goal for the prevention of gout and related disorders. For most patients with primary gout, overproduction of uric acid is the primary cause of ...

PROCESS FOR ACIDIC SCRUBBING OF DINITROTOLUENE IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROCYANIC ACID

Process for scrubbing a crude mixture which is obtained in the nitration of toluene after separating off the nitrating acid and comprises dinitrotoluene, nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and sulfuric acid, which comprises two scrubbing steps (WS-I) and (WS-II), wherein 115.-. (canceled)16. A process for scrubbing a crude mixture which is obtained in the nitration of toluene after separating off the nitrating acid and comprises dinitrotoluene , nitric acid , nitrogen oxides and sulfuric acid , which comprises two scrubbing steps (WS-I) and (WS-II) , whereini) in a first scrubbing step (WS-I), the crude mixture is extracted with a scrubbing acid I comprising nitric acid, nitrogen oxides and sulfuric acid in a scrub comprising at least one extraction stage, where the scrubbing acid discharged from the first extraction stage (WS-I-1) of the first scrubbing step (WS-I) has a total acid content of from 10 to 40% by weight and a content of from 80 to 350 ppm of hydrocyanic acid, giving a prescrubbed crude mixture,{'sub': '2', 'ii) in a second scrubbing step (WS-II), the prescrubbed crude mixture comprising dinitrotoluene is extracted with a scrubbing acid II in a scrub comprising at least one extraction stage, where the scrubbing acid discharged from the first extraction stage (WS-II-1) of the second scrubbing step (WS-II) has a pH of less than or equal to 4 and a content of sulfate of not more than 100 ppm, a content of nitric acid of not more than 2000 ppm, a content of nitrogen oxides (calculated as HNO) of not more than 50 ppm and a content of hydrocyanic acid of not more than 120 ppm, giving a dinitrotoluene-comprising mixture which is essentially free of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides and hydrocyanic acid and has a content of not more than 300 ppm of nitric acid and nitrogen oxides, not more than 3 ppm of sulfate and not more than 50 ppm of hydrocyanic acid.'}17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the first scrubbing step (WS-I) comprises from 2 to ...

CRYSTALLINE 2-FLUORO-3-NITROTOLUENE AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF

The present invention refers to a crystalline 2-fluoro-3-nitrotoluene compound of formula (I), and a process for the preparation thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of a compound of formula (II) or salts thereof by means of the crystalline 2-fluoro-3-nitrotoluene. 2. The crystalline 2-fluoro-3-nitrotoluene according to having a DSC onset peak at a value among 25.0 and 26.0° C. and/or a DSC maximum peak at a value among 26.0 and 27.5° C. and having a characteristic X-ray powder diffraction pattern with characteristic peak expressed in 2-Theta values (2θ) at 14.3±0.2.3. The crystalline 2-fluoro-3-nitrotoluene according to any one of the claims from 1 to 2 having a DSC onset peak at a value between 25.0 and 26.0° C. and having a characteristic X-ray powder diffraction pattern with characteristic peak expressed in 2-Theta values (2θ) at 14.3±0.2.4. The crystalline 2-fluoro-3-nitrotoluene according to any one of the claims from 1 to 3 having a further peak at characteristic X-ray powder diffraction pattern expressed in 2-Theta values (2θ) at 11.3±0.2.5. The crystalline 2-fluoro-3-nitrotoluene according to any one of the claims from 1 to 4 having a DSC onset peak at a value among 25.0 and 25.5° C.6. The crystalline 2-fluoro-3-nitrotoluene according to any one of the claims from 1 to 5 having a DSC maximum peak at a value among 26.5 and 27.2° C.8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the process is carried out by dissolving a 2-fluoro-3-nitrotoluene into a solvent selected from a C-Calcohol and then adding water as antisolvent.978. The process according to any one of the claims from to claim 7 , wherein the C-Calcohol is methanol or ethanol.1079. The process according to any one of the claims from to wherein the volume ratio between the solvent and water is 1:1.11710. The process according to any one of the claims from to claim 7 , wherein the C1-C3 alcohol is methanol or ethanol and the volume ratio between the solvent ...

Small Molecule Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors and Methods of Use

Small molecule xanthine oxidase inhibitors are provided, as well as methods for their use in treating gout or hyperuricemia. 115-. (canceled)17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said compound is compound I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein said compound is compound II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.20. The method according to claim 20 , wherein said compound is compound I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein said compound is compound II or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. This application is a divisional application and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/790,083 filed on Mar. 8, 2013 entitled “Small Molecule Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors And Methods Of Use” which claims the benefit of and incorporates by reference U.S. provisional patent Application Ser. No. 61/734,409, filed on Dec. 7, 2012 and entitled “Small Molecule Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors And Methods Of Use.” Which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Gout is caused by hyperuricemia, namely, abnormally high levels of uric acid in the blood. Gout is usually present as acute inflammatory arthritis, as well as tophi, kidney stones, or urate nephropathy. Gout affects 1-2% of adults in developed countries and represents the most common case of inflammatory arthritis in men. In the United States, gouty arthritis accounts for millions of outpatient visits annually. Furthermore, gout and hyperuricemia are associated with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and renal and cardiovascular disease.Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a form of a molybdoflavin protein, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). It plays an important role in the catabolism of purines in humans, as it catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen ...

Small Molecule Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors and Methods of Use

Small molecule xanthine oxidase inhibitors are provided, as well as methods for their use in treating gout or hyperuricemia. 115-. (canceled)18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the compound is administered orally.21. The method of wherein the compound is administered orally. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/734,409, filed Dec. 7, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.Gout is caused by hyperuricemia, namely, abnormally high levels of uric acid in the blood. Gout is usually present as acute inflammatory arthritis, as well as tophi, kidney stones, or urate nephropathy. Gout affects 1-2% of adults in developed countries and represents the most common case of inflammatory arthritis in men. In the United States, gouty arthritis accounts for millions of outpatient visits annually. Furthermore, gout and hyperuricemia are associated with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and renal and cardiovascular disease.Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a form of a molybdoflavin protein, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). It plays an important role in the catabolism of purines in humans, as it catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Meanwhile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide and HO, are generated during this process. Uric acid can serve as an antioxidant to prevent macromolecular damage by ROS. However, overproduction of uric acid can cause hyperuricemia and lead to gout and other diseases. Therefore, maintaining uric acid at normal levels represents an important therapeutic goal for the prevention of gout and related disorders. For most patients with primary gout, overproduction of uric acid is the primary cause of hyperuricemia.Currently, two drugs have been developed to treat gout. Allopurinol is the most commonly used therapy for chronic gout and has been used clinically for more than 40 years. ...

EXHAUST GAS CLEANING IN A METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING DINITROTOLUENE

The invention relates to a method for producing dinitrotoluene, comprising the following steps: a) nitrating toluene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid and subsequently separating a sulfuric-acid-containing aqueous phase that arises in the nitration, wherein a raw dinitrotoluene is obtained, b) washing the raw dinitrotoluene in a water wash with neutral and/or alkaline washing water, wherein a pre-cleaned dinitrotoluene, which contains at least water in addition to dinitrotoluene, is obtained after the washing water used in the last wash has been separated, and c) separating the water from the pre-cleaned dinitrotoluene, d) collecting the waste water from steps a), b), and/or c), e) optionally extracting the collected waste water from step d) with toluene and returning the thus obtained organic phase to step a), f) freeing the collected waste water from step d), or, if the optional step e) is performed, the extracted waste water from step e), of toluene in a toluene stripper, wherein a toluene-containing exhaust gas flow is obtained, g) feeding at least one exhaust gas flow from steps a), b), c), d), e), or f) into an exhaust gas condenser and removing the toluene contained in the at least one exhaust gas flow in said exhaust gas condenser, wherein the method comprises the following further step: h) feeding the exhaust gas flow arising in step g) after the condensing out of the toluene to a thermal exhaust air cleaning, wherein nitrogen is added to the exhaust gas flow to be fed to the exhaust gas condenser or to the exhaust gas flow leaving the exhaust gas condenser, wherein preferably a nitrogen concentration in the exhaust gas flow of at least 0.1 vol % is set, especially preferably of at least 0.5 vol %. 1. A process for producing dinitrotoluene , comprising:a) nitrating toluene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid with subsequent separation of a sulfuric-acid-containing aqueous phase formed during the nitration to obtain a crude ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING IMPURITIES FROM DINITROTOLUENES

The present invention relates to a method for purifying raw dinitrotoluenes resulting from dinitration of toluene in the presence of a nitric acid/sulfuric acid/nitrating acid mixture, and a device or plant for performing the method, and a corresponding production plant for producing dinitrotoluene, characterized in that (a) the raw dinitrotoluenes are first subjected to a wash with at least one washing medium after separation of the nitrating acid mixture, followed by a separation of the washing medium; and that (b) subsequently the washed dinitrotoluenes resulting from method step (a) are subjected to stripping (stripping gas treatment) with at least one gas (stripping gas). 1. An apparatus for purification of crude dinitrotoluenes resulting from the nitration of toluene in the presence of a nitric acid/sulfuric acid nitrating acid mixture after removal of the spent nitrating acid mixture ,wherein the apparatus comprises:(a) at least one wash unit for washing the crude dinitrotoluenes with at least one wash medium; and(b) arranged downstream of the wash unit, at least one stripping unit or stripping apparatus for stripping via stripping gas treatment of the washed dinitrotoluenes coming from the wash unit with at least one stripping gas which is non-reactive with respect to dinitrotoluenes and is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, noble gases, hydrogen, carbon oxides and mixtures thereof, in the absence of steam.2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the wash unit has one or more wash units for washing the crude dinitrotoluenes.3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the wash unit has several wash units for washing the crude dinitrotoluenes, comprising at least two of (i) a wash unit for conducting an acidic wash, (ii) a wash unit for conducting an alkaline wash, (iii) a wash unit for conducting a neutral wash.4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ,wherein the wash unit additionally comprises at least one removal unit for ...

Separation method for dinitrotoluene and mixed acid in a toluene to dinitrotoluene process

Proposed is a separation method in a toluene to dinitrotoluene process, wherein said method with a first process step comprising feeding a toluene comprising first stream ( 1 ) and a nitric acid comprising second stream ( 2 ) into a first reactor (R 1 ), re acting of the toluene comprising first stream ( 1 ) and the nitric acid comprising second stream ( 2 ) within the first reactor (R 1 ) to a first reaction mixture ( 3 ), said first reaction mixture ( 3 ) comprising a first liquid/liquid mixed phase of an acid phase and an organic in phase comprising mononitrotoluene, feeding the first reaction mixture ( 3 ) into a first separation device (S 1 ), separating the first reaction mixture ( 3 ) within the first separation device (S 1 ) into a first forward stream ( 4 ) having a flow direction to a second process step and a first backward stream ( 5 ) having a flow direction back to the first reactor (R 1 ), said method having a second process step comprising feeding the first forward stream ( 4 ) into a second reactor (R 2 ), feeding a nitric acid comprising third stream ( 6 ) and a sulfuric acid comprising fourth stream ( 7 ) into the second reactor (R 2 ), reacting of the first forward stream ( 4 ), the nitric acid comprising third stream ( 6 ) and the sulfuric acid comprising fourth stream ( 7 ) within the second reactor (R 2 ) to a second reaction mixture ( 8 ), said second reaction mixture ( 8 ) comprising a second liquid/liquid mixed acid phase and an organic phase comprising mononitrotoluene and dinitrotoluene, feeding the second reaction mixture ( 8 ) into a second separation device (S 2 ), separating the second reaction mixture ( 8 ) within the second separation device (S 2 ) into a second forward stream ( 9 ) having a flow direction to a process output and a second backward stream ( 10 ) having a flow direction back to the first reactor (R 1 ), wherein fine separating of at least one of the streams ( 4, 5, 9,10 ) after the first separation step (S 1 ) and/or ...

NITRATED HYDROCARBONS, DERIVATIVES, AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE

Provided is a process for the formation of nitrated compounds by the nitration of hydrocarbon compounds with dilute nitric acid. Also provided are processes for preparing industrially useful downstream derivatives of the nitrated compounds, as well as novel nitrated compounds and derivatives, and methods of using the derivatives in various applications. 2. The compound of selected from formula I-1.3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Rand Rare unsubstituted.4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 3-nitrodecane claim 2 , 4-nitrodecane claim 2 , 5-nitrodecane claim 2 , 4-nitrotridecane claim 2 , 5-nitrotridecane claim 2 , 7-nitrotridecane claim 2 , 2-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 3-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 4-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 5-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 6-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 7-nitrotetradecane claim 2 , 2-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 3-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 4-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 5-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 6-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 7-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 8-nitropentadecane claim 2 , 3-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 4-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 5-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 6-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 7-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 8-nitrohexadecane claim 2 , 2-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 3-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 4-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 5-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 6-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 7-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 8-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 9-nitroheptadecane claim 2 , 3-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 4-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 5-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 6-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 7-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , 8-nitrooctadecane claim 2 , and 9-nitrooctadecane.5. The compound of selected from formula IV-1.6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Ris linear C-Calkyl claim 5 , C-Ccycloalkyl claim 5 , aryl claim 5 , or aryl-alkyl- claim 5 , and Ris H or C-Calkyl.7. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Ris C-Calkyl.8. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Ris linear C-Calkyl.9. The compound of ...

Catalyst, Production Method Therefor, and Method for Producing Optically Active Anti-1, 2-Nitroalkanol Compound

A catalyst including: neodymium; sodium; and a ligand, which is a compound expressed by Structural Formula (1) below, wherein the neodymium and the ligand form a complex at a molar ratio of 1:2 (neodymium:ligand): 2. A method for producing an optically active anti-1 ,2-nitroalkanol compound , the method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'allowing an aldehyde compound and a nitroalkane compound having 2 or more carbon atoms to react in the presence of the catalyst according to .'}3. The method for producing an optically active anti-1 claim 2 ,2-nitroalkanol compound according to claim 2 , wherein the nitroalkane compound having 2 or more carbon atoms is nitroethane.5. The method for producing a catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein the neodymium halide is neodymium chloride.6. The method for producing a catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein the sodium alkoxide is sodium alkoxide having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.7. The method for producing a catalyst according to claim 4 , wherein a nitroalkane compound is further mixed. The present invention relates to a catalyst useful in anti-selective catalytic asymmetric nitroaldol reaction, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing an optically active anti-1,2-nitroalkanol compound using the catalyst.Optically active anti-1,2-nitroalkanol compounds are useful as precursors of optically active anti-1,2-aminoalcohol compounds.Optically active anti-1,2-aminoalcohol compounds are generally used as chiral building blocks having very high utility in organic synthetic chemistry, especially medicinal synthetic chemistry. For example, the optically active anti-1,2-aminoalcohol compounds are contained as basic units in pharmaceutical products such as β-agonist, many naturally-occurring biologically active compounds, and the like. Use of optically active anti-1,2-aminoalcohol compounds as starting materials or reaction reagents makes it possible to efficiently and inexpensively produce compounds ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING NITROBENZENE

The present invention relates to a process for the continuous production of nitrobenzene by the nitration of benzene with nitric acid and sulphuric acid under adiabatic conditions, not the entire production plant being shut down during a production stop, but the production plant being entirely or at least partly operated in recirculation mode. The invention further relates to a plant for producing nitrobenzene and to a method for operating a plant for producing nitrobenzene. 1. A process , preferably operated adiabatically , for preparing nitrobenzene , comprising the steps of{'sub': 1', '2', '3, '(I) nitrating benzene with nitric acid in sulfuric acid to form nitrobenzene in a reactor, with introduction of benzene with a mass flow rate of m, nitric acid with a mass flow rate of mand sulfuric acid with a mass flow rate of minto the reactor;'}(II) separating the phases of the reaction mixture from step (I) in a phase separation apparatus into an aqueous sulfuric acid-containing phase and an organic nitrobenzene-containing phase; and optionally (and preferably) steps (III) to (V):{'sub': '3', '(III) concentrating the aqueous phase obtained in step (II) by evaporating water in an evaporation apparatus to give an aqueous sulfuric acid-containing phase having elevated sulfuric acid concentration, with recycling of the concentrated sulfuric acid-containing aqueous phase via a sulfuric acid tank into step (I) and use thereof as a constituent of mass flow m;'}(IV) washing the organic nitrobenzene-containing phase obtained in step (II) in at least two stages and separating off the aqueous phase after each stage, using a wash vessel having a phase separation unit or a wash vessel and a separate phase separation apparatus in each stage,(V) distilling, preferably rectifying, the organic nitrobenzene-containing phase obtained in the last stage of step (IV) in a distillation apparatus, and(VI) working up the wastewater from the first wash stage of step (IV), comprising collecting ...

PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING MONOTERPENES

The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the perillyl alcohol derivative is a perillyl alcohol ester.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the ester is a benzoate ester.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the benzoate ester is 3 claim 3 ,5-dinitrobenzoate ester.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the isolated (S)-perillyl alcohol has a purity of greater than about 99.0% (w/w).6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the isolated (S)-perillyl alcohol has a purity of greater than about 99.5% (w/w).7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises natural-product-derived or other impurities. This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/939,834 filed Jul. 11, 2013 which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/040,059 filed Mar. 3, 2011, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/310,231 flied Mar. 3, 2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.The present invention relates to monoterpene or sesquiterpene compositions. In particular, the present invention relates to using monoterpenes (such as (S)-perillyl alcohol) or sesquiterpenes having a purity greater than about 98.5% ( ...

SYNTHESIS OF DESOSAMINES

The present invention provides desosamine and mycaminose analogs and nitro sugars and methods for their preparation. The invention also provides methods of cyclizing a compound of Formula (A′) with glyoxal to give a nitro sugar of Formula (B). Methods for the preparation of compound of Formula (D′) are provided comprising cyclization of a nitro alcohol to give a nitro sugar and reduction and alkylation of the nitro sugar to give a desosamine, mycaminose, or an analog thereof. 161-. (canceled)6466-. (canceled)67. The compound of claim 62 , or salt thereof claim 62 , wherein Rand Rare methyl.68. The compound of claim 62 , or salt thereof claim 62 , wherein Ris hydrogen or methyl.69. (canceled)70. The compound of claim 62 , or salt thereof claim 62 , wherein Ris —N(R).72. The compound of claim 62 , or salt thereof claim 62 , wherein Ris —NHC(═O)R claim 62 , —NHC(═O)OR claim 62 , or —NHC(═O)N(R).7475-. (canceled)76. The compound of claim 62 , or salt thereof claim 62 , wherein Ris —NHC(═NR)R claim 62 , —NHC(═NR)OR claim 62 , —NHC(═NR)N(R) claim 62 , or —NHS(═O)R.8082-. (canceled)83. The compound of claim 78 , or salt thereof claim 78 , wherein Ris hydrogen or methyl.84. (canceled)85. The compound of claim 78 , or salt thereof claim 78 , wherein Ris —N(R).87. The compound of claim 78 , or salt thereof claim 78 , wherein Ris —NHC(═O)R claim 78 , —NHC(═O)OR claim 78 , or —NHC(═O)N(R).89. The compound of claim 78 , or salt thereof claim 78 , wherein Ris —NHC(═NR)R claim 78 , —NHC(═NR)OR claim 78 , or —NHC(═NR)N(R).90. (canceled)91. The compound of claim 78 , or salt thereof claim 78 , wherein Ris —NHS(═O)R. The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. provisional patent application, U.S. Ser. No. 62/138,168, filed Mar. 25, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference.Emerging resistance to existing antibiotics is rapidly developing as a crisis of global proportions, especially for , and infections. Pathogenic bacteria can transmit genes coding ...

Process for minimizing waste water in the production of DNT

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verminderung der Abwassermenge bei der Herstellung von Dinitrotoluol (DNT). DOLLAR A Bei der Herstellung von DNT fallen verschiedene Abwasserströme an. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird das Prozesskondensat aus der Säureregenerierung neutralisiert und durch Strippen mit indirekt erzeugtem Wasserdampf von MNT befreit. Das gereinigte Kondensat kann dadurch als Waschwasser zur Reinigung des Roh DNT aus der Nitrierung eingesetzt werden. Da die gesamte anfallende Wassermenge für die DNT-Wäsche eingesetzt werden kann, wird die zu behandelnde, mit Nitroaromaten belastete, Abwassermenge entsprechend reduziert. Dadurch lassen sich Investitions- und Betriebskosten der Anlagen zur Herstellung von DNT beträchtlich senken. The invention relates to a process for reducing the amount of waste water in the production of dinitrotoluene (DNT). DOLLAR A Various types of wastewater flow in the manufacture of DNT. In the process according to the invention, the process condensate from the acid regeneration is neutralized and MNT is removed by stripping with indirectly generated water vapor. The cleaned condensate can thus be used as washing water for cleaning the raw DNT from the nitration. Since the total amount of water can be used for DNT washing, the amount of waste water to be treated, which is contaminated with nitro aromatics, is reduced accordingly. This significantly reduces the investment and operating costs of the plants for the production of DNT.

Process for working up side products of the dinitrotoluene production

Organic secondary components formed during nitration of toluene to dinitrotoluene are removed by combining acidic and alkaline wastewater resulting from a washing step of a nitration process, and an aqueous distillate from a sulfuric acid concentration step such that the resultant mixture has a pH below 5; separating the resultant aqueous and organic phases by phase separation; and recycling the organic phase into the nitration process. Removal of organic secondary components formed during nitration of toluene to dinitrotoluene includes combining acidic and alkaline wastewater resulting from a washing step of a nitration process, and an aqueous distillate from a sulfuric acid concentration step such that the resultant mixture has a pH below 5; separating the resultant aqueous and organic phases by phase separation; and recycling the organic phase from the separating step into the nitration process. The organic secondary components are present in the acidic and alkaline wastewater from the dinitrotoluene washing step and in the aqueous distillate from the sulfuric acid concentration step, together with small amounts of mononitrotoluene and dinitrotoluene.

Recovery of polymerization inhibitor

A process is provided for recovery and re-use of dinitrophenols employed as inhibitors of polymerization in the distillation and purification of styrene. The styrene still residues commonly referred to as tar or tars are treated with an aqueous hydroxide at a controlled pH, the phases are separated, the aqueous phase is treated with an acid and an organic solvent at a controlled pH and the resulting organic phase is recycled to a suitable point in the styrene purification system. The recycled solution is a more effective inhibitor than the dinitrophenol originally employed.

Process for the preparation of 4-iodo-3-nitrobenzamide

A process for the preparation of 4-iodo-3-nitrobenzamide free from the impurities formed due to nucleophilic substitution of the labile iodo group is disclosed.

PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING MONOTERPENES

The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents.

Uv-curable resin composition

Patent SU417949A3

Process for working up secondary components in the preparation of dinitrotoluene

본 발명은 톨루엔의 디니트로톨루엔으로의 1단계 또는 2단계 니트로화 과정에서 형성된 유기 2차 성분을 처리하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 이러한 유기 2차 성분은 디니트로톨루엔 세척 단계에서 수득된 산성 및 알칼리성 폐수, 및 황산 농축 단계에서 수득된 수성 증류물 내에, 소량의 모노니트로톨루엔 및 디니트로톨루엔과 함께 존재한다. 이러한 방법은 (a) 세척 단계에서 수득된 산성 및 알칼리성 폐수와, 황산 농축 단계에서 수득된 수성 증류물을, 혼합물의 pH가 5 미만이 되도록 혼합하고, (b) 이렇게 형성된 수성상과 유기상을 상 분리에 의해 분리하고, (c) 단계(b)에서 수득된 유기상을 니트로화 공정에 재순환시킴을 포함한다. The present invention relates to a process for treating organic secondary components formed in a one or two stage nitration process of toluene to dinitrotoluene. This organic secondary component is present with small amounts of mononitrotoluene and dinitrotoluene in the acidic and alkaline wastewater obtained in the dinitrotoluene washing step and in the aqueous distillate obtained in the sulfuric acid concentration step. This process comprises: (a) mixing the acidic and alkaline wastewater obtained in the washing step with the aqueous distillate obtained in the sulfuric acid concentration step, so that the pH of the mixture is less than 5, and (b) mixing the aqueous and organic phases so formed. Separating by separation and (c) recycling the organic phase obtained in step (b) to the nitration process. 톨루엔, 디니트로톨루엔, 니트로화, 유기 2차 성분, 공정 폐수 Toluene, dinitrotoluene, nitration, organic secondary component, process wastewater

Dnt废水的酸性甲苯萃取

本发明涉及一种处理来自将芳族化合物硝化成单-、二-和三硝基芳族化合物且pH为7.5-13的碱性工艺废水或碱性工艺废水与硫酸浓缩的含水蒸馏物的pH为6-10的混合物W的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：a)通过加入源自硝化所得含硫酸水相后处理的浓缩硫酸而将碱性工艺废水或混合物W酸化为pH值低于2，其中混合物A由分离的有机相和酸性水相组成，和b)用芳族萃取剂萃取混合物A。

Patent JPH039122B2

一种3-乙氧基-4-硝基苯酚的生产方法

本发明公开了一种3‑乙氧基‑4‑硝基苯酚的生产方法，它采用价格低廉的间二氯苯替代高价格的间苯二酚为原料，并将甲氧基转化为羟基反应，采用简易的碱法，代替常规的溴化氢/醋酸体系，制备3‑乙氧基‑4‑硝基苯酚。本发明采用价格低廉的间二氯苯替代高价格的间苯二酚为原料，制备3‑乙氧基‑4‑硝基苯酚，其具有合成步骤简单、污染低绿色环保、产品质量高、收率高、生产成本低、常压操作、可工业化生产的优势。

含有氧化胺稳定剂组合物的聚合物组合物

提供含有饱和烃氧化胺的热塑性组合物，并提供含有饱和烃氧化物和第二种稳定剂的稳定剂组合物。该热塑性组合物在加工期间显示良好的熔体流动速率稳定性并可用于制备模塑和挤出制品。该稳定剂组合物可用于加入热塑性塑料中使其稳定。还提供一种稳定热塑性组合物的方法，该方法涉及将烃氧化胺与热塑性树脂掺混。饱和烃氧化胺优选为三烷基氧化胺。热塑性树脂优选为聚烯烃树脂。

Process for the separation of ortho-chloronitrobenzene

"PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF ORTHO-CHLORONITROBENZENE" ABSTRACT An adsorptive separation process for separating ortho-chloronitrobenzene from a feed mixture comprising ortho-chloronitrobenzene and at least one other isomer of chloronitrobenzene, which process com-prises contacting the feed mixture with an adsorbent comprising a type X or type Y zeolite containing at the exchangeable cationic sites one or more cations selected from the group consisting of Groups IA, IIA and the transi-tion metals of the Periodic Table of Elements, selectively adsorbing sub-stantially all of the said ortho-chloronitrobenzene to the substantial ex-clusion of the remaining isomers and thereafter recovering high-purity ortho-chloronitrobenzene. A desorption step may be used to desorb the ad-sorbed ortho-chloronitrobenzene.

基于钡、锶、钾和钠的沸石吸附剂、其制备方法以及其用途

本发明涉及基于包含钡、钾、钠和锶的沸石X的附聚晶体的沸石吸附剂。这些吸附剂用于分离C8芳族异构体的级份并且特别是二甲苯。

基于钡、锶、钾和钠的沸石吸附剂、其制备方法以及其用途

本发明涉及基于包含钡、钾、钠和锶的沸石X的附聚晶体的沸石吸附剂。这些吸附剂用于分离C8芳族异构体的级份并且特别是二甲苯。

Zeolite adsorbents based on barium, strontium, potassium and sodium, preparation process therefor, and uses thereof

The present invention relates to zeolite adsorbents based on agglomerated crystals of zeolite X comprising barium, potassium, sodium and strontium. These adsorbents have applications in the separation of fractions of aromatic C8 isomers and in particular xylenes.

Methods for the preparation of benzophenone derivatives

沸石吸附剂、其制备方法和其用途

本发明涉及基于包括钡、钾和钠的附聚的沸石X晶体的沸石吸附剂。这些吸附剂可应用在芳族C8异构体级分且尤其是二甲苯的分离中。

Process for producing nitrobenzene

본 발명은 전체 제조 플랜트가 제조 정지 동안에 셧다운되는 것이 아니라, 제조 플랜트가 전부 또는 적어도 부분적으로 재순환 모드로 작동되는 것인, 단열 조건하에 질산과 황산으로 벤젠을 니트로화하는 것에 의해 니트로벤젠을 연속 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 추가로 본 발명은 니트로벤젠의 제조를 위한 플랜트 및 니트로벤젠의 제조를 위한 플랜트의 작동 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to the continuous production of nitrobenzene by nitrating benzene with nitric acid and sulfuric acid under adiabatic conditions, wherein the production plant is operated wholly or at least partially in recycle mode, rather than the entire production plant being shut down during production shutdown. It's about how to do it. The invention further relates to a plant for the production of nitrobenzene and to a method of operating the plant for the production of nitrobenzene.

Method of separation of acid impurity from solution and method of separation of nitric acid from solution

FIELD: chemical industry. SUBSTANCE: separation is carried out by contacting solution with at least one molten nitrate. Separation of acid impurity form solution is carried out continuously. EFFECT: more efficient separation process. р19190Сс ПЧ Го (19) 13) РО (11) 2 061 671 СЛ] 5 МК @ 07 С 201/16, 201/06 РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 93005199/04, 10.07.1991 (71) Заявитель: Олин Корпорейшн (5$) (30) Приоритет: 26.07.1990 Ш$ 559970 (72) Изобретатель: Аллен Б. Квэкенбуш[Ц$] (46) Дата публикации: 10.06.1996 (73) Патентообладатель: (56) Ссылки: Патент США № 4918250, кл. С О7С Олин Корпорейшн (ЦЗ) 76/00, 1990. (86) Заявка РСТ: 1$ 9104814 (10.07.91) (54) СПОСОБЫ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ КИСЛОТНОЙ ПРИМЕСИ ОТ РАСТВОРА И СПОСОБ ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ АЗОТНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ОТ РАСТВОРА (57) Реферат: нитратной солью, отделение кислотной Сущность изобретения: отделение ведут примеси от раствора осуществляют посредством контактирования раствора с, по непрерывным удалением из раствора. крайней мере, ОДНОЙ расплавленной 2061671 С1 КО р19190Сс ПЧ Го (19) 13) ВИ ” 2061 671 Сл (51 6 07 С 201/16, 201/06 КУЗЗАМ АСЕМСУ ГОК РАТЕМТ$ АМО ТКАОЕМАКК$ 12) АВЗТКАСТ ОЕ 1МУЕМТОМ (21), (22) АррИсаНоп: 93005199/04, 10.07.1991 (71) АррИсапЕ: От Когроге|5Пп (Ц$) (30) Рнощу: 26.07.1990 4$ 559970 (72) пуетог. — АШеп В. КуепкепЬизН[43$] (46) Рае ог рибИсаНоп: 10.06.1996 (73) Ргорпеюг: (86) РСТ аррИсаНоп: От Когроге]йп (43) Ц$ 91/04814 (10.07.91) (54) МЕТНОО ОЕ ЗЕРАКАТЮМ ОЕ АСШО 1МРУКПУ ЕКОМ ЗОГОУТЮМ АМО МЕТНОО ОЕ ЗЕРАКАТЮМ ОР МПИКС АСШО РЕКОМ ЗОГОТЮМ (57) АБзасЕ: Зерагайоп о! аса итрифу Тюпт зомНоп 15 НЕГО: спетюса! таузгу. ЗОВЗТАМСЕ: самея ош 1 сопипиоизу. ЕРЕЕСГ: тоге зераганоп 15 сатмеяа ош Бу сотасИпа е#йсеп{ зерагаНоп ргосез$. 5оиНоп м аЁ еазЁ опе тойёеп пйгае. -2- 2061671 С1 КО р19190с ПЧ] ГЭ Изобретение касается способа отделения примеси кислоты от раствора, содержащего кислоту и нитрозамещенное ароматическое соединение, который ...

Method of removing and recovering mixtures of nitrating acids from nitration processes and industrial nitration installation

FIELD: chemistry. ^ SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to the method of removing and recovering mixtures of nitrating acids, mainly nitric acid, sulphuric acid and nitrogen oxide, from nitrated aromatic compounds obtained from nitration, after removal of nitrating acid from crude nitration products through washing with acid in a multiple-stage method of extraction processing. This method involves crossflow extraction processing with subsequent counterflow extraction processing. The invention also relates to the industrial installation for nitrating aromatic compounds with subsequent purification of the products, including removal from them and recovery of mixtures of nitrating acids, mainly nitric acid, sulphuric acid and nitrogen oxide. The industrial installation has a nitrating unit and an acid washing unit, placed after it, consisting of a crossflow extraction processing unit. ^ EFFECT: practically complete recovery in high concentration of the above mentioned acids, including nitrogen oxide, which allows for returning them into the nitration process and thereby significantly reduce their contamination of sewage water. ^ 10 cl, 2 dwg, 1 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 356 885 (13) C2 (51) МПК C07C C07C C07C B01D 201/16 (2006.01) 201/08 (2006.01) 205/06 (2006.01) 11/04 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21), (22) Заявка: 2006136525/04, 17.10.2006 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 17.10.2006 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЙОЗЕФ МАЙССНЕР ГМБХ УНД КО. КГ (DE) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.04.2008 2 3 5 6 8 8 5 (45) Опубликовано: 27.05.2009 Бюл. № 15 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: ЕР 0736514 А1, 09.10.1996. US 4257986 А, 24.03.1981. SU 1798384 А1, 28.02.1993. RU 2106338 С1, 10.03.1998. 2 3 5 6 8 8 5 R U (54) СПОСОБ УДАЛЕНИЯ И РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ СМЕСЕЙ НИТРУЮЩИХ КИСЛОТ ИЗ ПРОЦЕССОВ НИТРОВАНИЯ И ПРОМЫШЛЕННАЯ УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ НИТРОВАНИЯ ...

Process for coloring polyesters

Method for recycling discolored polyolefins

Polyolefins, especially those containing a phenolic antioxidant, are prone to discoloration upon improper processing at elevated temperatures or upon prolonged aging. Such discolored polyolefins can be reclaimed and recycled as essentially non-colored useful polymers by the addition thereto of a hydroxylamine of the formula T.sub.1 T.sub.2 NOH where T 1 and T 2 are independently alkyl, cycloalkyl, benzyl or substituted benzyl.

Method for producing dinitrotoluene

본 발명은 디니트로톨루엔의 제조 방법으로서, a) 톨루엔을 황산의 존재하에서 질산과 반응시켜 모노니트로톨루엔을 수득하는 단계, b) 단계 a)의 반응 생성물을, 모노니트로톨루엔을 포함하는 유기상 및 황산을 포함하는 수성상으로 분리하는 단계, c) 모노니트로톨루엔을 포함하는 유기상을 황산의 존재 하에서 질산과 반응시켜 디니트로톨루엔을 수득하는 단계, d) 단계 c)의 반응 생성물을, 디니트로톨루엔을 포함하는 유기상 및 황산을 포함하는 수성상으로 분리하는 단계 를 포함하며, 단계 a)의 반응 생성물은 유기상을 기준으로 3.0 - 8 중량%의 톨루엔 함량, 및 수성상을 기준으로 0.1 - 1.2 중량%의 질산 함량을 가지며, 단계 b)에서의 상 분리는 톨루엔과 질산의 추가 반응이 방지되도록 수행하는 것인 방법을 제공한다. The present invention is a method for producing dinitrotoluene, a) reacting toluene with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid to give mononitrotoluene, b) separating the reaction product of step a) into an organic phase comprising mononitrotoluene and an aqueous phase comprising sulfuric acid, c) reacting an organic phase comprising mononitrotoluene with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid to obtain dinitrotoluene, d) separating the reaction product of step c) into an organic phase comprising dinitrotoluene and an aqueous phase comprising sulfuric acid Wherein the reaction product of step a) has a toluene content of 3.0 to 8% by weight based on the organic phase, and a nitric acid content of 0.1 to 1.2% by weight based on the aqueous phase, and the phase separation in step b) is toluene It is provided that the method is carried out to prevent further reaction of the nitric acid.

A kind of preparation method of dibenzoyl analog derivative

一种联苯酰类衍生物的制备方法，合成路线如下： Ar 1 、Ar 2 各自独立地选自苯基、甲基取代的苯基、乙基取代的苯基、甲氧基取代的苯基和卤素取代的苯基中的一种；合成步骤为：将化合物1、二水合氯化铜、溴化锂加入反应瓶中，加入反应溶剂，在氧气氛围、蓝灯光源下30 o C恒温反应，TLC跟踪监测，反应结束后经柱层析分离即得化合物2。本发明可以绿色环保制备联苯酰类衍生物，本发明的优势在于：反应条件温和，绿色环保，成本低，效率高，反应路径短，原子经济性高。

Method for preparing (s)-pregabalin precursor by catalytic enantioselective micahel reaction and method for preparing (s)-pregabalin using the (s)-pregabalin precursor

본 발명에 따른 키랄성 (S)-프레가발린 전구체의 제조 방법은 이작용성 키랄 촉매의 존재 하에, 베타-이소부틸 나이트로 알킨과 말로네이트를 비대칭 마이클 반응시키는 단계를 포함한다. 이에 따라 사용하기에 안전한 촉매를 이용하여 저렴하고, 인체에 유해하지 않으며 환경오염을 유발하지 않는 조건에서 높은 광학 선택성과 반응성으로 키랄성 (S)-프레가발린 전구체를 합성할 수 있다.

Hindered phenol antioxidant and synthesis method thereof

本发明提供一种受阻酚类抗氧化剂及其合成方法，涉及抗氧化剂技术领域。该受阻酚类抗氧化剂，所述受阻酚类抗氧化剂包括以下重量份成分：2,6‑二叔丁基对硝基苯酚10‑30份、氢氧化钾0.3‑0.9份、氯化铁0.1‑0.3份、无水乙醇50‑100份、有机锌3‑4份、亚磷酸酯类化合物1‑2份、光稳定剂4‑6份。通过使用2,6‑二叔丁基对硝基苯酚、氢氧化钾、氯化铁、无水乙醇、有机锌、亚磷酸酯类化合物与光稳定剂等原料合成抗氧化剂，使得合成的受阻酚类抗氧化剂性能多样化，使用效果明显得到提升，同时配合高分子材料使用后，也能够加强高分子材料的抗拉伸性能以及抗弯曲性能。

Polymeric composition, its use for the manufacture of object and object so obtained

A stabilized polypropylene composition, free or essentially free of any phenolic antioxidant containing: a) 100 parts by weight of a propylene polymer, b) from 0.005 to 0.1 part by weight of an amine oxide having the structural formula wherein R′ and R″ are groups containing from 1 to 36 carbon atoms, or of a N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine of formula R 1 R 2 NOH  (II) wherein R 1 and R 2 are independent groups of 1 to 36 carbon atoms, c) from 0.1 to 0.5 part by weight of a clarifying agent, and optionally d) from 0.01 to 0.1 part by weight of a sterically hindered amine. Manufacture of shaped object by using said composition and manufactured objects so obtained.

Continuous production method of 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene

本发明涉及生物医药领域，更具体地，涉及一种2，4‑二硝基氯苯的连续生产方法。该法以浓硝酸、浓硫酸、氯苯为原料，完成混酸溶液配制后，氯苯从平置的管式反应器的一端注入其反应腔，混酸溶液分为两部分分别从平置的管式反应器的一端和中部注入其反应腔，在垂直管式反应器轴向的搅拌柱的搅动下发生反应。本发明的方法可消除反应过程中的局部返混，提供高效的传质优势，以提高2，4‑二硝基氯苯的收率，容易实现工业化放大生产，且提供高效换热和微量连续化，实现了硝化工艺的稳定控制，减少副产物的产生。

Polymer compositions containing hydrocarbon amine oxide and hydrocarbon amine oxide stabilizer compositions

Thermoplastic compositions are provided containing a saturated hydrocarbon amine oxide and stabilizer compositions are provided containing a saturated hydrocarbon amine oxide and a second stabilizer. The thermoplastic compositions exhibit good melt flow rate stability during processing and are useful for making molded and extruded articles. The stabilizer compositions are useful for addition to thermoplastics for the stabilization thereof. A method is also provided for stabilizing thermoplastic compositions and involves admixing a hydrocarbon amine oxide with a thermoplastic resin. The saturated hydrocarbon amine oxides are preferably trialkyl amine oxides. The thermoplastic resin is preferably a polyolefin resin.

Method for synthesizing aromatic benzyl ester by oxidizing and self-coupling benzyl halide

本发明公开了一种苄卤氧化自偶联合成芳香苄酯的方法，有机溶剂中，苄卤在1,3‑双(2,4,6‑三甲基苯基)氯化咪唑和碱的作用下，一步合成苯甲酸苄酯；其中，反应简式为：

Recovery of Nitrating Acid Mixtures from Nitration Processes

본 발명은 니트로화될 수 있는 방향족 화합물의 니트로화에서 니트로화 산이 분리된 후 발생하는 니트로화된 미정제 생성물로부터 니트로화 산 혼합물, 특히 질산, 황산 및 질소 산화물을 다단계 추출 공정에 의한 산 스크러빙에 의하여 제거 및 회수하는 방법에 관한 것이며, 추출 공정은 하류의 역류 추출과 함께 교차류 추출을 포함한다. 이 방법은 높은 농도로 질소 산화물을 포함하는 상술한 산들의 본질적으로 완전한 회수를 허용하여 이들은 니트로화에 재순환될 수 있고 더 이상 폐수를 오염시키지 못하게 한다. 니트로화, 추출, 스크러빙 The present invention is directed to acid scrubbing of nitrated acid mixtures, in particular nitric acid, sulfuric acid and nitrogen oxides, from nitrated crude products, which occur after nitration of the nitrateizable aromatic compounds, after nitration acid separation. By means of removal and recovery, wherein the extraction process includes crossflow extraction with downstream countercurrent extraction. This method allows essentially complete recovery of the above-mentioned acids, including nitrogen oxides at high concentrations so that they can be recycled to nitration and no longer contaminate the waste water. Nitration, extraction, scrubbing

Process for the preparation of aromatic monocarboxylic acids from toluene and substituted toluenes

In a process for preparing aromatic monocarboxylic acids by oxidation of toluene or of toluenes substituted in the nucleus, the starting substances are reacted in the liquid phase with oxygen or with a gas containing oxygen, at a temperature of 80°-180° C. and a pressure of 5 to 50 bar in the presence of acetic acid as diluent and a soluble cobalt and/or manganese salt in combination with a bromide, and the aromatic monocarboxylic acids are then obtained by solid-liquid separation of the cooled reaction mixture. To reduce the dimensions of the oxidation reactor, for which particularly corrosion-resistant materials are necessary, and to isolate the target products in high yield and purity, as well as to reduce the technical complexity and cost of the treatment of the amounts of solvents that are yielded, relatively small amounts of acetic acid are used as solvents or diluents, namely at a ratio by weight of the alkyl aromatic being oxidized and acetic acid of 0.5:1 to 6:1. Not until the reaction has ended is the dilution, which is necessary for the isolation of the target product by solid-liquid separation of the cooled reaction mixture, performed by the addition of dilute aqueous acetic acid or of the washing filtrate from a preceding oxidation run. A typical example is the preparation of p-tert-butylbenzoic acid from p-tert-butyltoluene by the method described.

Preparation method of p-diacetylbenzene

本发明提供一种对二乙酰苯的制备方法，该方法以对二乙苯为原料、以空气为氧化剂以及环烷酸钴和环烷酸锰中的一种或两种为催化剂来制备对二乙酰苯。本发明方法采用的氧化剂为空气，价廉易得且反应后剩余的大量氮气的作为尾气的一部分，能迅速移走反应热从而易于实现低能耗的连续化生产；本发明不使用溶剂，使得反应产物易于分离；本发明采用的催化剂具有结构简单、用量少和活性高的优点，减少反应时间短；以上优点使得本发明的对二乙酰苯的制备方法具有广阔的工业应用前景。

Method for producing 2,2-dibromo-2-nitroethanol

내용없음. None.

4-nitro-o-xylene continuous synthesis system and synthesis method

本发明公开了一种4‑硝基邻二甲苯的连续化合成系统及合成方法，邻二甲苯和硝硫混酸混合后压入硝化系统中进行硝化反应，反应液进入第一分相槽内分层，上层进入洗涤系统进行迷宫洗涤；洗涤液在第二分相槽内分层，上层进入精馏系统进行精馏处理，收集4‑硝基邻二甲苯。本发明提供的双环形硝化反应器相比于现有立式的管式硝化反应器，物料分流更均匀，可有效避免反应液的反流，增加邻二甲苯与硝硫混酸的接触机会、提高原料的转化率；且换热面积更充分、可有效降低副反应。本发明提供的生产系统的各物料实现循环回用，降低生产成本，且有效提高单批生产的原料转化率，降低废酸废水量。

Method of producing potassium salt of nitromethane

Method for producing aromatic amines which reduces amount of waste water and is cost-efficient

본 발명은 The present invention a) 방향족 탄화수소(들)을 질산과 황산의 혼합물과 반응시켜 2-상 (two-phase) 반응 혼합물을 생성하고; a) reacting the aromatic hydrocarbon (s) with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to produce a two-phase reaction mixture; b) 반응 혼합물을 수성 산 상, 및 니트로방향족 화합물을 함유하는 유기 상으로 분리하고; b) the reaction mixture is separated into an aqueous acid phase and an organic phase containing nitroaromatic compounds; c) 유기 상을 세척하여 니트로방향족 화합물(들)을 정제하고; c) washing the organic phase to purify the nitroaromatic compound (s); d) 니트로방향족 화합물(들)을 촉매의 존재 하에 수소화시켜 방향족 아민(들) 및 반응수를 생성하며; d) hydrogenating the nitroaromatic compound (s) in the presence of a catalyst to produce aromatic amine (s) and reaction water; e) 단계 d)에서 형성된 반응수를 방향족 아민(들)로부터 분리함 e) separating the reaction water formed in step d) from the aromatic amine (s) 으로써 방향족 탄화수소로부터 방향족 아민을 제조하는 방법에 관한 것이며, 이 때 단계 e)에서 분리된 반응수는 단계 c)에서 니트로방향족 화합물을 함유하는 유기 상을 세척하는 데 사용된다. To a process for producing an aromatic amine from an aromatic hydrocarbon, wherein the reaction water separated in step e) is used to wash the organic phase containing the nitroaromatic compound in step c). 니트로방향족 화합물, 반응수, 방향족 아민, 제조 방법 Nitroaromatic compounds, reaction water, aromatic amines, production methods

Methods for producing chemical products with operation interruptions

본 발명은 하나 이상의 공급 물질을 반응시켜 화학 생성물 또는 화학 조성물을 형성하는 것인, 화학 생성물의 제조 방법에 관한 것이다. 추가로 본 발명은 이러한 방법을 수행하기 위한 플랜트에 관한 것이며, 상기 플랜트는 방법의 중단 동안에, 반응으로의 적어도 하나의 공급 물질의 투입이 일어나지 않고 교정 조치, 유지보수 조치, 복구 조치, 또는 세정 조치에 의해 영향을 받지 않는 플랜트 파트가 소위 재순환 모드로 작동되는 방식으로 설계된다. 그렇게 함으로써, 특히, 영향을 받는 플랜트 파트만 조치하는 시간 동안에 셧다운되어야 한다는 것이 달성되고, 이것은 방법의 생산성 및 경제 및 제조된 생성물의 품질에 대하여 유리할 수 있다. 마지막으로, 본 발명은 개별 플랜트 파트가 서비스 중지된 경우에 플랜트를 작동시키는 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a method of making a chemical product, wherein one or more feed materials are reacted to form a chemical product or chemical composition. The present invention further relates to a plant for carrying out such a method, wherein said plant, during interruption of the method, does not result in introduction of at least one feed material into the reaction and a corrective action, a maintenance action, a recovery action or a cleaning action It is designed in such a way that plant parts that are not affected by the By doing so, it is achieved, in particular, that only the plant parts affected have to be shut down during the time of action, which can be advantageous for the productivity and economy of the process and for the quality of the products produced. Finally, the present invention relates to a method of operating a plant in case individual plant parts are out of service.

Method of synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde

FIELD: organic chemistry and technology. SUBSTANCE: invention proposes a method of synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrobenz- -aldehyde which is an important intermediate substance used in synthesis of some pharmaceutically essential compounds exhibiting 5-substituted 3-nitrocatechol structure, for example, entacapon. Method involves an interaction of 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde with a reagent that contains zinc chloride, water and hydrogen chloride and the end product is obtained. Reagents used for synthesis can be recirculated easily. EFFECT: simplified method, decreased cost, high purity of end product. 10 cl, 1 ex 6бУУОбОЗз ГС ПЧ Го (19) РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ ВИ” 2130 449 ' (51) МПК 13) Сл С 07С 205/44, 201/12 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 97106330/04, 20.09.1995 (30) Приоритет: 23.09.1994 СВ 9419274.7 (46) Дата публикации: 20.05.1999 (56) Ссылки: КУ 2098405 СЛ, 10.12.97. ЕР 0551034 АЛ, 14.07.93. ЕК 1330382 АЛ, 13.05.63. О 9300323 АД, 07.01.93. СВ 2200109 А, 27.07.88. (85) Дата перевода заявки РСТ на национальную фазу: 23.04.97 (86) Заявка РСТ: Е1 95/00513 (20.09.95) (87) Публикация РСТ: М/О 96/09274 (28.03.96) (98) Адрес для переписки: 103735, Москва, ул.Ильинка, 5/2, Союзпатент (71) Заявитель: Орион-Ихтюмя Ой (ЕЁ!) (72) Изобретатель: Рейо Йоханнес Бекстрем (Е!) (73) Патентообладатель: Орион-Ихтюмя Ой (Ё!) (54) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 3,4-ДИГИДРОКСИ-5-НИТРОБЕНЗАЛЬДЕГИДА (57) Реферат: Предложен способ получения 3,4-дигидрокси-5-нитробензальдегида, который является важным промежуточным продуктом В синтезе некоторых фармацевтическик важных — соединений, имеющих 5-замещенную 3-нитрокатехиновую структуру, например энтакапон. Осуществляют взаимодействие З-этокси-4-гидрокси-5-нитробензальдегида с реагентом, содержащим хлорид цинка, воду и хлористый водород, с получением целевого продукта. Способ прост и реагенты дешевы, их можно легко рециркулировать. Достигается высокая чистота продукта. 9 з.п ...

Method for purifying wastewater from reprocessing of crude aromatic nitro compounds

본 발명은 방향족 화합물의 니트로화로부터 유래하는 미정제(crude) 방향족 니트로 화합물을 정제하는 방법으로서, 하기 세척 단계(a): (a) 미정제 방향족 니트로 화합물(N-in)을 수상(W-in)과 접촉시킨 후 상들을 분리하여 유기상(N-res)과 수상(W-res)을 얻는 단계 의 단회 또는 다회 수행을 포함하고, 1 이상의 해유화제(demulsifier, D)가 1 회 이상의 세척 단계(a)에 존재하는 것인 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention provides a process for purifying crude aromatic nitro compounds derived from nitration of aromatic compounds, the washing step (a): (a) contacting the crude aromatic nitro compound (N-in) with an aqueous phase (W-in) and then separating the phases to obtain an organic phase (N-res) and an aqueous phase (W-res). A single or multiple run of a method, wherein at least one demulsifier (D) is present in at least one washing step (a).

Process for working up the wastewater obtained in the preparation of dinitrotoluene

本发明涉及一种用硝化酸将甲苯硝化成二硝基甲苯过程中形成的废水的处理方法，所述废水包含二硝基甲苯洗涤步骤的酸性洗涤水和碱性洗涤水，以及硫酸浓缩步骤的馏出物，该方法包括：a)将所述洗涤步骤的酸性废水和碱性废水与所述硫酸浓缩步骤的含水馏出物混合，使所得混合物的pH值低于5，b)通过相分离对所得的水相和有机相进行分离，c)对步骤b)中的水相进行萃取步骤，其中d)用甲苯萃取步骤c)的水相中所含有机组分，和e)将富含有机组分的甲苯相引入到甲苯的硝化过程中。

Method for removing hcn from crude dinitrotoluene

본 발명은 디니트로톨루엔의 제조 공정으로서 (a) 톨루엔을 하나 이상의 니트로화 단계에서 질산과 황산의 혼합물인 니트로화 산으로 니트로화하고, 이렇게 형성된 공정 스트림으로부터 그 니트로화 산을 분리하는 단계로서, 디니트로톨루엔 및 용해된 상기 니트로화 산의 일정 분율을 포함하는 미정제 혼합물이 얻어지고, 이 미정제 혼합물이 50 ppm 이상의 HCN를 추가로 포함하는 것인 단계, 및 (b) 그 미정제 디니트로톨루엔 함유 혼합물을 하나 이상의 세척 단계에서 세척하는 단계로서, 제1 세척 단계가 수행되기 전에, 미정제 혼합물이 증류 및/또는 스트립핑되어 그 혼합물로부터 HCN를 제거하게 되고, 실질적으로 HCN를 함유하지 않은 미정제 디니트로톨루엔 함유 혼합물이 얻어지는 것인 단계를 포함하는 제공 공정에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a process for the production of dinitrotoluene, comprising the steps of: (a) nitrating toluene with a nitrating acid, which is a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, in one or more nitration steps, and separating the nitrated acid from the process stream thus formed; a crude mixture is obtained comprising dinitrotoluene and a fraction of said nitrated acid dissolved therein, said crude mixture further comprising at least 50 ppm HCN, and (b) the crude dinitro washing the toluene containing mixture in one or more washing steps, wherein before the first washing step is performed, the crude mixture is distilled and/or stripped to remove HCN from the mixture and is substantially free of HCN and wherein a mixture containing crude dinitrotoluene is obtained.

Rubber composition.

Washing method of dinitrotoluene

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: way of washing includes two stages (WS-I), and (WS-II). In the first stage of washing (WS-I), done in counter-current, crude mixture during washing, comprising at least two stages of extraction, extracted with acid leaching I containing nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen and sulphuric acid, at the last stage of extraction (WS-I-n) first stage washing (WS-I) serves fresh water or washing acid with the General content of acids from 0.2 to 1.5 wt %, and the centrality of first stage extraction (the WS-I-1) first stage washing (WS-I) rising acid has the general content of acids from 20 up to 40 wt %, and get pre washed wet mixture. In the second stage of washing (WS-II), held in counter-current, previously washed crude mixture containing dinitrotoluene, washing process, including at least two stages of extraction, extracted with acid leaching II. At the last stage of extraction (WS-II-m) second stage washing (WS-II) serves fresh water, and the centrality of first stage extraction (WS-II-1) second stage washing (WS-II) rising acid has a pH value less than or equal to 4. Receiving contains a mixture of dinitrotoluene, mostly free of nitric acid, sulfuric acid and nitrogen oxides, which, with a maximum content of 300 ppm of nitric acid and nitrogen oxides and 3 ppm sulphate are selected from the last stage of extraction (WS-II-m) second stage washing (WS-II). EFFECT: enables to dump the sewage water from washing processes on biological purification stage without costly intermediate processing to separate or decomposition of nitrocresols and nitrobenzoic acids. 15 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 627 308 C2 (51) МПК C07C 201/16 (2006.01) C07C 205/06 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2014147081, 24.04.2013 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 24.04.2013 Дата регистрации: Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 25.04.2012 EP ...

Method of preparing picric acid

FIELD: chemical industry. SUBSTANCE: picric acid or 2,4,6-trinitrophenol is widely used for manufacturing explosives, drugs and dyes in other fields. Method comprises nitrating o- nitrophenol and/or p-nitrophenol so that the resulting product is soluble in reaction medium. Nitration is continued till picric acid is formed, and the latter is precipitated. Method does not use noble gas atmosphere, and no special equipment is used. EFFECT: more efficient preparation method. 16 cl, 4 ex, 4 tbl СУЭ9ЗСТЬсС ПЧ Го РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (51) МПК ВИ "” 2 128 642 ' 13) Сл С 07С 205/24, 201/08 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 95115848/04, 08.09.1995 (30) Приоритет: 09.09.1994 ЕКВ 9410781 (46) Дата публикации: 10.04.1999 (56) Ссылки: ЗИ 82150 А, 1949. ЕР 0368770 АЛ, 1990. \О 94/26689 АЛ, 24.11.94. СВ 11005 А, 1915. (98) Адрес для переписки: 103735, Москва, ул.Ильинка, 5/2, Союзпатент (71) Заявитель: Рон-Пуленк Шими (ЕК) (72) Изобретатель: Лоран Бернар (ЕК), Паскаль Метивье (ЕК) (73) Патентообладатель: Рон-Пуленк Шими (ЕК) (54) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПИКРИНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ (57) Реферат: Пикриновая кислота, или 2,4,6-тринитрофенол, широко используется при изготовлении взрывчатых веществ, лекарственных средств, красителей и в других областях. Способ получения пикриновой кислоты заключается в нитровании о-нитрофенола ИиЛи п-нитрофенола таким образом, чтобы образующийся продукт был растворим в реакционной среде, и продолжают нитрование до получения пикриновой кислоты, которая выпадает в осадок. При осуществлении способа нет необходимости в создании атмосферы благородного газа, следовательно, нет необходимости использовать специальное оборудование. 15 з.п. ф-лы, 5 табл. 2128642 С1 КО СУЭ9ЗСТЬсС ПЧ Го (19) КУЗЗАМ АСЕМСУ ГОК РАТЕМТ$ АМО ТКАОЕМАКК$ 12) АВЗТКАСТ ОЕ 1МУЕМТОМ 13) ВИ” 2 128 642 ^^ Сл (51) пЕ С1.6 С 07С 205/24, 201/08 (21), (22) АррИсаНоп: 95115848/04, 08.09.1995 (30) Рнощу: 09.09.1994 ЕВ 9410781 (46) Рае о! ...

Production method of dye disperse blue B56#

本发明公开了一种染料分散蓝B56#的生产方法，属于化工染料技术领域。通过利用亚硫酸钠处理1‑氨基蒽醌DMF残渣提纯生产混硝，然后再将混硝依次通过一硝化、一硝化精制、缩合、二硝化、水解、还原和溴化转型过程，最后得到产物分散蓝B56#；对水解回收母液进行再处理回收副产品2，4‑二硝基苯酚。本发明分散蓝B56#滤饼水解反应过程中产生了2，4‑二硝基苯酚钠盐，2，4‑二硝基苯酚钠盐溶解在水解回收母液中，为有效利用其中的有效成分，减少三废排放量，通过酸化、过滤生产副产品2‑4‑二硝基苯酚，该副产品检测均符合标准，可用作生产涂料中间体的企业原料。

Method for treating mixed acid and waste water from the nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons and device for carrying out said method

一种用于处理来自芳烃的硝化的混合酸和废水的方法，其中所含的硝酸在绝热条件下通过与芳烃反应进行转化，a.提供至少一种废物流组分，所述废物流组分选自硝化中产生的废酸(混合酸)、来自粗硝基芳烃的处理的酸性洗涤水和在硝化进程中的废气处理中产生的稀硝酸，b.将所述至少一种废物流组分与再浓缩硫酸混合，c.将基于硝酸的在化学计量上过量的芳烃计量加入到混合物中，d.使所获得的反应混合物在绝热运行的反应器中转化，e.在分离器中，将所获得的有机相与硫酸相分离，f.将硫酸相在真空中浓缩，和g.在步骤b)中使用来自步骤g)的再浓缩硫酸的至少一个分流。

Patent RU2017102015A3

7 ВУ” 2017102015” АЗ Дата публикации: 22.01.2019 Форма № 18 ИЗ,ПМ-2011 Федеральная служба по интеллектуальной собственности Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение ж 5 «Федеральный институт промышленной собственности» (ФИПС) ОТЧЕТ О ПОИСКЕ 1. . ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ЗАЯВКИ Регистрационный номер Дата подачи 2017102015/05(003479) 22.06.2015 РСТ/ЕР2015/063926 22.06.2015 Приоритет установлен по дате: [ ] подачи заявки [ ] поступления дополнительных материалов от к ранее поданной заявке № [ ] приоритета по первоначальной заявке № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи первоначальной заявки № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи ранее поданной заявки № [Х] подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) в государстве-участнике Парижской конвенции (31) Номер первой(ых) заявки(ок) (32) Дата подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) (33) Код страны 1. 14173585.2 24.06.2014 ЕР Название изобретения (полезной модели): [Х] - как заявлено; [ ] - уточненное (см. Примечания) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ С ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫМИ ПРОСТОЯМИ Заявитель: КОВЕСТРО ДОЙЧЛАНД АГ, РЕ 2. ЕДИНСТВО ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ [Х] соблюдено [ ] не соблюдено. Пояснения: см. Примечания 3. ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ: [Х] приняты во внимание все пункты (см. Примечания) [ ] приняты во внимание следующие пункты: [ ] принята во внимание измененная формула изобретения (см. Примечания) 4. КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ОБЪЕКТА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ (ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ) (Указываются индексы МПК и индикатор текущей версии) ВО1. 5/00 (2006.01) ВОТ. 19/00 (2006.01) С07В 61/00 (2006.01) 5. ОБЛАСТЬ ПОИСКА 5.1 Проверенный минимум документации РСТ (указывается индексами МПК) ВО11 8/00, ВО1У 19/00, С07В 61/00, С07С 1/00, С07С 27/00, С07С 201/00, СО7С 201/08, С07С 201/14, С07С 201/16, С07С 205/00, С07С 205/06, СО7С 209/00, С07С 209/36, С10СЦ 2/00, 5.2 Другая проверенная документация в той мере, в какой она включена в поисковые подборки: 5.3 Электронные базы данных, использованные при поиске (название базы, и если, возможно, поисковые термины): РУ/РТ, Езрасепе, Соозе, РАТЕМТСОРЕ, ...

N1,n6-bis(4-nitrosophenyl)hexane-1,6-diamine

Изобретение относится к области органической химии, а именно к N,N-бис(4-нитрозофенил)гексан-1,6-диамину указанной ниже общей формулы, где n=6. Предложенное соединение может найти применение как структурирующий (вулканизующий) агент и одновременно стабилизирующий модификатор (антиоксидант) в клеевых композициях и эластомерах на основе бутадиенстирольного, этиленпропиленового и других каучуков. 1 пр. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 694 841 C9 (51) МПК C07C 211/52 (2006.01) C08K 5/32 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) СКОРРЕКТИРОВАННОЕ ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ Примечание: библиография отражает состояние при переиздании (52) СПК C07C 211/52 (2019.02); C08K 5/32 (2019.02) (21)(22) Заявка: 2018119430, 25.05.2018 25.05.2018 Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 25.05.2018 (45) Опубликовано: 17.07.2019 (15) Информация о коррекции: Версия коррекции №1 (W1 C1) (48) Коррекция опубликована: 2 6 9 4 8 4 1 R U Адрес для переписки: 660037, г. Красноярск, пр. им. газеты Красноярский рабочий, 31, а/я 1075, СибГУ им. М.Ф. Решетнева", отдел интеллектуальной собственности (54) N1, N6-Бис(4-нитрозофенил)гексан-1,6-диамин (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к области 1 6 органической химии, а именно к N ,N -бис(4нитрозофенил)гексан-1,6-диамину указанной ниже общей формулы, где n=6. Предложенное соединение может найти применение как структурирующий (вулканизующий) агент и одновременно стабилизирующий модификатор (антиоксидант) в клеевых композициях и эластомерах на основе бутадиенстирольного, (56) (продолжение): 34, 797-809. Стр.: 1 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: SU 907031 A, 23.02.1982. База данных CA [онлайн], R. FABRE et al. New nitroso derivatives for the heat treatment of copolymers of isobutylene and isoprene (butyl rubber), REV. GEN. CAOUTCHOUC PLASTIQUES, 1965, 42(3), 405-412 (реферат), найдено в STN, AN 63:55421. B.G. GOWENLOCK et al. Dinitroso and polynitroso compounds, CHEM. SOC. REV., 2005, (см. прод.) ...

Process for removing phenols and / or metals from an aqueous medium