СПОСОБ ФТОРИРОВАНИЯ ДЛЯ СИНТЕЗА 2-[18F]-ФТОР-2-ДЕЗОКСИ-D-ГЛЮКОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к способу получения защищенного фторированного производного глюкозы, включающему взаимодействие производного тетраацетилманнозы с фторидом, отличающемуся тем, что реакцию проводят в растворителе, содержащем воду в количестве, превышающем 1000 частей на миллион и составляющем менее 50000 частей на миллион. Предпочтительно защищенное фторированное производное глюкозы представляет собой 2-фтор-1,3,4,6-тетра-O-ацетил-D-глюкозу (тетраацетилфторглюкозу или pFDG), производное тетраацетилманнозы представляет собой 1,3,4,6-тетра-O-ацетил-2-O-трифторметансульфонил-β-D-маннопиранозу (трифлат тетраацетилманнозы), растворитель представляет собой ацетонитрил, фторид представляет собой ионный фторид с калиевым противоионом и к фториду добавлен катализатор фазового переноса, такой как 4,7,13,16,21,24-гексаокса-1,10-диазабицикло-[8,8,8]-гексакозан. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 3 ил.

СПОСОБ ОЧИСТКИ СИАЛОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ИЗ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИОННОГО БУЛЬОНА

Изобретение относится к биотехнологии. Предложен способ выделения сиаловой кислоты из ферментационного бульона. Способ включает стадию удаления биомассы из ферментационного бульона. Затем полученный осветленный раствор подвергают обработке на катионообменнике и обработке на анионообменнике в условиях, при которых сиаловая кислота проходит через ионообменный материал и присутствует в проходящем потоке. Затем проводят стадию удаления солей путем электродиализа. Изобретение позволяет получать сиаловую кислоту с высокой степенью чистоты, с качеством, пригодным для применения в пищевой промышленности, и в промышленных масштабах за один цикл. 14 з.п. ф-лы, 8 ил., 3 табл., 7 пр.

ПОЛИЕНОВЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ И КОСМЕТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ

Изобретение относится к новым полиеновым соединениям формулы I, где R1 - COR9; R2, R4, R6 - водород; R3, R5, R10, R11 - водород или низший алкил; R7 - циклоалифатический радикал или низший алкил; R8 - радикал -O-CH2-OCH2-CH2 -O-CH3 или OR11; R4 и R6 взятые вместе могут образовывать с соседним бензольным циклом нафталиновый цикл; R9 - O-R10, а также их солям и их оптическим и геометрическим изомерам. Соединения I обладают значительной активностью в области дифференциации и пролиферации клеток и могут найти применение при местном и системном лечении дерматологических расстройств, связанных с нарушением кератинизации, дерматологических или других заболеваний с воспалительной и/или иммуноаллергической компонентой. 3 c. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 1 табл.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ АМИНОАЛКИЛ ГЛЮКОЗАМИНИД-ФОСФАТА И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

... 1. Соединение формулы (I): где Х выбирают из группы, состоящей из О и S в аксиальном или экваториальном положении; Y выбирают из группы, состоящей из О и NH; n, m, p и q являются целыми числами от 0 до 6; R1, R2 и R3 являются одинаковыми или разными и являются остатками жирных кислот, включающими от 11 до 14 атомов углерода и где один из R1, R2 или R3 является при необходимости водородом; R4 и R5 являются одинаковыми или разными и выбираются из группы, состоящей из Н и метила; R6 и R7 являются одинаковыми или разными и выбираются из группы, состоящей из Н, гидрокси, алкокси, фосфоно, фосфонокси, сульфо, сульфокси, амино, меркапто, циано, нитро, формил и карбокси и их сложных эфиров и амидов; R8 и R9 являются одинаковыми или разными и выбраны из группы, состоящей из фосфоно и Н и хотя бы один из R8 и R9 является фосфоно; R10, R11 и R12 независимо выбирают из линейных незамещенных насыщенных алифатических групп, включающих от 1 до 10 атомов углерода; или их фармацевтически приемлемая соль ...

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АМИНОАЛКИЛГЛЮКОЗАМИНИДФОСФАТНЫЕ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

... 1. Соединение формулы (III) ! ! где X выбирают из группы, состоящей из O и S в аксиальном или экваториальном положении; Y выбирают из группы, состоящей из O и NH; n и m равны 0; ! R1, R2 и R3 являются одинаковыми или различными и представляют собой остатки жирных кислот с 1 и до примерно 20 атомами углерода, и где один из R1, R2 или R3, необязательно, представляет собой необязательно водород; R4 выбран из группы, состоящей из Н и метила; p=1 и R6 представляет собой СООН или p=2 и представляет собой ОРО3Н2; R8 и R9 являются одинаковыми или различными и выбраны из группы, состоящей из H и фосфоно, по меньшей мере, один из R8 и R9 представляет собой фосфоно; R10, R11 и R12 независимо выбраны из группы линейных незамещенных насыщенных алифатических радикалов, содержащих 1-11 атомов углерода; или ! его фармацевтически приемлемая соль. ! 2. Соединение по п.1, где X и Y представляют собой атомы кислорода, R1, R2 и R3 выбирают независимо из числа линейных (С6-С10)-алкильных групп, и R10, R11 и ...

ПОЛИЕНОВЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКАЯ И КОСМЕТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ НА ИХ ОСНОВЕ

Изобретение относится к новым полиеновым соединениям, фармацевтическим и косметическим композициям на их основе.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ АМИНОАЛКИЛГЛЮКОЗАМИНИДФОСФАТНЫЕ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

... 1. Соединение формулы (I),где X выбирают из группы, состоящей из О и S в аксиальном или экваториальном положении; Y выбирают из группы, состоящей из О и NH; n, m, р и q равны целым числам от 0 до 6; R, Rи Rявляются одинаковыми или различными и представляют собой остатки жирных кислот с 1 и до примерно 20 атомами углерода, и где один из R, Rили R, необязательно, представляет собой водород; Rи Rявляются одинаковыми или различными и выбраны из группы, состоящей из Н и метила; Rи Rявляются одинаковыми или различными и выбраны из группы, состоящей из Н, гидрокси, алкокси, фосфоно, фосфоноокси, сульфо, сульфоокси, амино, меркапто, циано, нитро, формила и карбокси и их сложных эфиров и амидов; Rи Rявляются одинаковыми или различными и выбраны из группы, состоящей из фосфоно и Н, и, по меньшей мере, один из Rи Rпредставляет собой фосфоно; и R, Rи Rвыбирают, независимо, из числа линейных незамещенных насыщенных алифатических групп с 1-10 атомами углерода;или его фармацевтически приемлемая соль.2 ...

Salze von Glukopyranosederivate und ihre Zwischenprodukte

TETRASACCHARIDE UND VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG

Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Zuckerkettenstruktur

GMP-140 Ligand

Process for the preparation of delta - or beta -O-glycosyl imidates

... alpha -O-Glycosyl imidates of the general formula where R<4> has the meaning specified in Claim 1, and R<5> is hydrogen, -COO-alkyl or -CH2OR and R is hydrogen or a conventional protective group, and their 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 5-positional isomers, their preparation and use.

Trehalosderivate

2-SUBSTITUIERTE-2-CYCLOPENTENONE UND DIESE ALS AKTIVE SUBSTANZEN ENTHALTENDE CARCINOSTATIKA UND OSTEOGENESIS-PROMOTER

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Estern der Pyrophosphorsaeure

Verfahren zur Wiedergewinnung von Organozinnestern aus diese enthaltenden Reaktionsgemischen und Wiederverwendung der wiedergewonnenen Organozinnverbindungen.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sialsäure

SENFGAS-DERIVATE DER C-6-AMINOGALAKTOSE UND IHRE VERWENDUNG.

VERFAHREN ZUR KONTROLLE VON HAARBALLEN

VERFAHREN ZUR KONTROLLE VON HAARBALLEN

Pseudoceramide, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung

The proposal is for novel pseudo-ceramides of the formula (I) in which R<1> is a linear alkyl and/or alkenyl radical with 6 to 30 carbon atoms, R<2> is hydrogen or a possibly hydroxy-substituted alkyl radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms, R<3> is an oligo-hydroxyalkyl radical with 4 to 12 carbon atoms and 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups or a glycosyl radical, X is a linear or branched alkylene radical with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Y is oxygen, sulphur or an NR<4> radical and R<4> is hydrogen or an alkyl radical with 1 to 30 carbon atoms. The substances are suitable as "synthetic barrier lipids" for the production of skin-care agents.

PHOSPHOGLYCOLIPID UND VERFAHREN ZU DESSEN VERWENDUNG

Salze von Alkyl- und Alkenylbernsteinsäurehalbamiden

EIN VERBESSERTES VERFAHREN ZUR SYNTHESE VON SACCHAROSE-6-ESTERN

1-SUBST.-GLYCOPYRANOSIDE MIT INSULINAEHNLICHER AKTIVITAET UND VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG

PERACYLATED TRANS-GLYCOSYL HALIDES AND THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF

... 1319988 Peracylated-trans-glycosyl halides; 7,8-bisnorlincomycins UPJOHN CO 29 Oct 1970 [3 Nov 1969 (3)] 51489/70 Heading C2C Peracylated cis-glycosyl halides are converted to trans-glycosyl halides by converting the cis-halide to a peracylated trans-1-thioglycoside, especially by thiourea and concomitant alkylation of the mercaptan formed on decomposition of the isothiouronium salt, then reacting the trans-alkyl thio derivative with a halogen especially Cl 2 , Br 2 or I 2 . Compounds (I) where X is halogen or SR, R is alkyl and Ac is alkanoyl or aralkanoyl are prepared by the above method and (I, X = halogen) is converted to the compound (II) then deacylated to give (II, Ac = H) and finally N-acylated to give 7,8-bis-norlincomycin. 6 - Acetamido - 6 - deoxy - 1,2,3,4 - tetra - O- acetyl-#-D-galactopyranose is prepared by acetylation of 6-acetamido-6-deoxy--D-galactopyranose.

1-SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF 4-METHOXY-2, 3, 6-TRIMETHYLBENZENE, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND MEDICINAL AND COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THEM

Sucralose pentaester production

3-deoxy-ribofuranosyl derivatives

Compounds of the formula where X is halogen and R is an acyl radical may be obtained by reacting a compound of the formula wherein R11 is an alkyl group, with a halogenating system capable of producing a halogen anion in the presence of a strong acid under anhydrous conditions, suitably in the presence of an inert organic solvent. The halogenating agent may be a hydrogen or thionyl halide (both of which may also function as the strong acid) or a metal halide.

Low temperature, single solvent process for the production of sucrose-6-ester

C5 or C6 monosaccharide-(E)-3(furan-2-yl)monoacrylates, their preparation methods and uses thereof

Synthesis of daunosamine hydrochloride and intermediates used in its preparation

A process for synthesizing daunosamine hydrochloride is disclosed. Intermediates useful for synthesizing daunosamine hydrochloride, and processes for preparing such intermediates, are also disclosed.

Novel retinoids

The novel retinoids of the formula I wherein R represents a residue of a sugar attached ester-wise or a residue of an amino-sugar attached amide-wise or of derivatives of such sugars and n is 1 or 2, can be used as medicaments, e.g. for the treatment of neoplasms, acne and psoriasis. These compounds are obtained by reacting a sugar or an aminosugar or a derivative thereof with a reactive derivative of 9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethyl-2,4,6,8-nonatetraenoic acid, optionally followed by the modification of reactive groups present in the reaction product.

TISSUE GROWTH REGULATION

Liquid-liquid extraction of DMF

A method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1,6-trichloro-4,1,6-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method comprises: (i) combining the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide to afford a mixture; (ii) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4,1,6 positions thereof; (iii) quenching the product stream of (ii) to produce a 4,1,6-trichloro-4,1,6-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein before quenching, a portion of said tertiary amide is removed by extraction into a solvent in which said tertiary amide is at least partially soluble. The tertiary amide is preferably N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The solvent used to extract the tertiary amide is preferably a hydrocarbon, particularly a cyclic or acyclic alkane comprising 5-7 carbon atoms, more particularly cyclohexane. The extraction is preferably performed at a temperature of 20-100°C and/ ...

FLUORATION OF UNSATURATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

... 1,244,642. Fluorination of unsaturated organic compounds. RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR MEDICINE & CHEMISTRY Inc. 10 Sept., 1968 [11 Sept., 1967; 12 June, 1968], No. 43026/68. Headings C2A, C2C and C2U. Electrophilic fluorination of unsaturated organic compounds is effected with a hypofluorite the fluoroxy group of which is covalently bonded to an inert electron attracting group, in an inert solvent. Suitable hypofluorites include fluoroalkyl hypofluorites and pentafluorosulphur hypofluorites, and the preferred reagent is trifluoromethyl hypofluorite. Reaction temperatures are generally in the range of -20‹ to -100‹ C., conveniently about -78‹ C., but may be higher with deactivated substrates. Suitable solvents are fluoro-alkanes such as trichloromonofluoromethane or dichlorotetrafluoroethane, with or without a further solvent such as a chlorohydrocarbon, a ketone or a cyclic or acyclic ether, often desirably with addition of a base. The hypofluorite reagent may be prepared for example from fluorine ...

METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF ESTERS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HYDROXYL GROUPS

BASIC ESTERS OF POLYHYDROXY COMPOUNDS

N-SUBSTITUTED 1,2,4-TRIAZOLES

... 1490272 1,2,4-Triazoles ICN PHARMACEUTICALS Inc 14 March 1975 [18 March 1974] 10723/75 Heading C2C Novel 1,2,4-triazoles of the general formula (optionally in physiologically acceptable acid addition salt form), G is -CHR1-O-R11, in which each of R1 and R11 is a C 1-9 alkyl group or R1 and R11 are joined to form a cyclic ether group having 4 or 5 C atoms in the ring and the bond G-N is activated toward hydrolysis to an extent sufficient to effect at least 50% conversion to 3-R 1 -1,2,4-triazole in about 1 hour at 37‹ C. In simulated gastric fluid, as determined by ultraviolet spectroscopy, are prepared (a) by reacting under anhydrous conditions the corresponding compound in which G is H with an ,#-unsaturated ether of the general formula R11OCH = CHR111 wherein R111 is a hydrogen atom or C 1-8 alkyl group or R11 and R111 are joined to form a cyclic ether group having 4 or 5 C atoms in the ...

Glycosaminoglycanes selectively O-acylés.

PREVENTIVE AND THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS ONES, AUTO+IMMUNE AND ALLERGI DISEASES WITH CONNECTIONS, ON MONO SACCHARIDES BASING

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION OF NEW ONE 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDIN-ZUCKERDERIVATEN

NEW GLUCOPYRANOSEESTER AND GLUCOFURANOSEESTER FROM FUMARIC ACID ALKYL STAR AND THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL USE

KOSMETISCHES MITTEL ZUR BEKAMPFUNG DES FETTIGEN UND UNASTHETISCHEN AUSSEHENS DES HAARES UND ZUR VERBESSERUNG DES AUSSEHENS DER HAUT

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON NEUEN, SUBSTITUIERTEN TETRAHYDROFURANEN

COSMETIC MEANS TO BEKAMPFUNG THE GREASY AND UNASTHETI APPEARANCE OF THE HAIR AND FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE APPEARANCE OF THE SKIN

CARBOHYDRATACRYL AND - METHACRYLCOPOLYMERE AND YOUR PRODUCTION

PROCEDURE FOR DIAGNOSING OF HUMAN FLU AND IN POSITION 4 MODIFIED CHROMOGENE N-ACETYLNEURAMINSÄURE SUBSTRATES FOR USE IN THESE PROCEDURES

CHEMICAL DERIVATIVES OF ANTBIOTIKA LL-E19020 ALPHA AND BETA

WISHING CASE WITH NATRIUMSULFIT SHIFTING OF PARTIALESTER FROM MULTI-VALUED ALCOHOLS, PROCEDURES FOR YOUR PRODUCTION AND YOUR USE AS SKIN-FRIENDLY, NOT IONOGENE AND/OR ANION-ACTIVE SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES.

ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOSITION.

GLYKOSYLIERTE INSULIN DESCENDANTS.

PRODUCTION OF NUCLEOSIDES.

N-GLYCOSYLIERTE OF CARBONIC ACID AMIDE DERIVATIVES, PROCEDURES FOR YOUR PRODUCTION AS WELL AS YOUR USE FOR THE INFLUENCE OF THE BODY-OWN DEFENSE.

BENZOCHINON DERIVATIVES AND THEIR PRODUCTION.

N-ACETYLGLUKOSAMIN AS ZYTOPROTEKTIVES MEANS.

ANTI-BODY, PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PRODUCTION, CLONES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THE ANTI-BODIES AS WELL AS USE OF THE ANTI-BODIES FOR THE DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF TUMORS.

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION OF 2-CHLOR-2-DEOXY-SACCHARIDEN AND SOME 2-CHLOR-2-DEOXY-SACCHARIDE.

OLIGOSACCHARIDE, USABLE AS HAIR STATURE MEANS.

D-MANNOSEODER XYLITO ESTER AND THEIR VERWENUNG THAN DRUGS

PROCEDURE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF TUBING SUGAR DERIVATIVES BY A REGIOKSELEKTIVE REACTION.

POLYENDERIVATE, THESE CONTAINING PHARMACEUTICAL AND COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS AND YOUR USE

GRADUAL DISTANCE OF MONO SACCHARIDES OF THE REDUCING END OF OLIGOSACCHARIDEN AND USES OF IT

2,3-DIAMINO-2,3-DIDESOXYHEXOSE-DERIVATE, PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION AND YOUR USE.

GLUCOPYRANOSE DERIVATIVES.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DEMETHYLEPYPODOPHYLLOTOXIN

N-PROTECTED ONE (S) - ISOSERIN CONNECTIONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NEW OF MIXTURES OF PARTIALESTER

D-PENTOFURANOSE-DERIVATIVES AND PROCEDURES FOR YOUR PRODUCTION

3-DEOXYOLIGOSACCHARIDEN, PROCEDURE FOR your PRODUCTION AND THESE CONTAINING PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS

USE OF ALKYLDIAMIDEN WITH TWO SUGAR GROUPS AS AMPHIPHILI CONNECTIONS TO THE PRODUCTION OF TENSIDEN

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL PHARMACEUTICAL CONNECTIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR YOUR USE

PROCEDURE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF GM2

SYNTHESIS OF MORPHIN-6-GLUCURONID

STEREOGERICHTETES PROCEDURE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ALPHA N ACETYL GALACTOSAMINIDE ONES

KERATANSULFATOLIGOSACCHARID PARLIAMENTARY GROUP AND IT CONTAINING MEDICINE

ALPHA HALOGEN CARBONIC ACID ESTER WITH MULTI-VALUED ALCOHOLS AS INITIATORS FOR ATRP

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GM3

SIASTATIN DERIVATIVES WITH GLYCOSIDASE INHINBOR ACTIVITY AND A PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THE SAME

CARBACYCLIN AMIDES

GAMMA AMINO BUTYRIC ACID ESTERS

AMYLOID TARGETING AGENTS AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME

... [00862] Provided herein is the design and synthesis of novel molecular rotor fluorophores useful for detection of amyloid or amyloid like proteins. The fluorophores are designed to exhibit enhanced fluorescence emission upon associating with amyloid or amyloid like proteins as compared to unbound compound. Also disclosed herein are the methods for treating of diseases associated with an amyloid or amyloid like proteins.

ACTIVE OXYGEN INHIBITOR

An improved method for the synthesis of sucrose-6-esters

A PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE DEMALONYL COMPOUND OF MACROLIDE LACTONES

Reagent and method for perfluoroalkylation

POLYMERIZABLE MONOMERS AND PROCESS OF PREPARATION THEREOF

Method for controlling hairballs

Substituted-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-diol compounds as targeting agents of ASGPR

Compounds of Formula (A) are described herein and the uses thereof for the treatment of diseases, conditions and/or disorders mediated by pharmaceutical compositions and the uses thereof as asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) targeting agents.

Restricted 9-CIS-retinoids

Method of treating adenosine depletion

High yield stereospecific mannosylation

Alpha-halogenated acid esters with polyvalent alcohols as atom transfer radical polymerization initiators

ESTERIFIED OLIGOSACCHARIDES

PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATION

Synthetic glycoamines that promote or inhibit cell adhesion

NEW ANTIVIRAL DRUG

Fluorinated ganglioside gm3 analogues and intermediates therefor

Novel polyenic compounds, pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions containing them and uses

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ANTITUMOR ANTHRACYCLINE GLYCOSIDES, THEIR INTERMEDIATES AND COMPOSITIONS AND USE THEREOF

Process for the synthesis of cleistanthin

The present invention relates to a process for preparing compound of formula (I) that is Cleistanthin A. The process comprises the steps of reacting compound of formula (II) with compound of formula (III) in the presence of a first solvent, quarternary ammonium salt and first alkali to form compound of formula (IV). The compound of formula (IV) is further treated with a second solvent and a second alkali to form compound of formula (I). The present invention also relates to the preparation of salt of compound of formula (IV) that is Cleistanthin A acetate.

Process for preparing pregabalin

The invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I): wherein said process comprises hydrogenation of a compound of formula (II); under alkaline conditions, wherein R represents hydrogen or a labile group capable of being converted to hydrogen. The invention also relates to intermediates used in said process, to the use of said intermediates in the preparation of pregabalin and to a process for resolving racemic compounds of formula (I).

Methods and compositions for making antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation

The invention provides methods and compositions for preparing antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation.

Anti-influenza agents

The present invention relates to compounds that selectively inhibit influenza A virus group (1) sialidases and are therefore potential anti-influenza agents.

Peroxide removal from drug delivery vehicle

The present invention is related to methods for lowering peroxide levels in sucrose acetate isobutyrate formulations and to composition used in and formed by such methods.

Curcumin Derivatives

The invention relates to novel curcumin derivatives in which one or two of the phenolic groups have been modified. 2. A curcumin derivative according to claim 1 , with the proviso that if Yis —C≡CH claim 1 , then m1 is 0.3. A curcumin derivative according to claim 1 , with the proviso that if Yis —C≡CH claim 1 , then m2 is 0.7. A curcumin derivative according to claim 6 , wherein the saccharide is a monosaccharide.8. A curcumin derivative according to claim 7 , wherein the monosaccharide is glucose or galactose.12. A curcumin derivative according to claim 11 , wherein the saccharide is a monosaccharide.13. A curcumin derivative according to claim 12 , wherein the monosaccharide is glucose or galactose.14. A curcumin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein Yor Yis a saccharide.15. A curcumin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein Y or Yis a disaccharide or a trisaccharide.16. A curcumin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the saccharide is a monosaccharide.17. A curcumin derivative according to claim 1 , wherein the monosaccharide is glucose or galactose. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/308,362, filed Feb. 26, 2010, which is incorporated herein by reference.There is a vital need to find drugs that halt or reverse Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD presently affects 18 million people worldwide. The human and financial costs of AD in the US is expected to exceed $150 billion in 2005. FDA approved medications treat symptoms, but do not alter AD progression.The hallmarks of AD are inter-neuronal plaques consisting of precipitates or aggregates of amyloid beta protein (Aβ), and intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of tau protein. The major target for drug discovery for AD has been Aβ that forms insoluble senile plaques. Although the etiology of AD is not fully understood, the Aβ amyloid cascade hypothesis is the most common view of the pathological pathway of AD in which the generation of Aβ and accumulation of Aβ ...

CARBOHYDRATE HAPTEN-BASED ANTI-CANCER VACCINES AND ANTIBODY DRUGS

Immunogenic compositions that contain haptens consisting of carbohydrate moieties are useful to induce an immune response to provide antibodies to epitopes contained in CA215 and also to elicit an immune response to cancers expressing these epitopes. 1. A compound selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '1', '1', '1, 'GalNAcGlcNAcGalNeuAc;'}{'sub': 1', '1', '2, 'GalNAcGalNeuAc;'}{'sub': 1', '1', '2, 'GalNAcGalNeuGc;'}{'sub': 1', '1', '2', '1, 'GalNAcGlcNAcGalNeuAc; and'}{'sub': 1', '1', '2, 'GalNAcGlcNAcGalNeuGc.'}12. An immunogenic composition that contains as part of an immunogen at least one hapten consisting of a compound set forth inwherein said hapten is coupled to a heterologous protein and/or wherein the composition contains an adjuvant.13. (canceled)14. An immunogenic composition that contains at least one of the compounds set forth in in combination with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 5', '3', '2, 'GlcNAcManHex;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'GlcNAcMan;'}{'sub': 4', '3', '2', '1', '1, 'GlcNAcManHexFucNeuGc;'}{'sub': 5', '3', '2', '1, 'GlcNAcManHexNeuGc;'}{'sub': 4', '3', '2', '2, 'GlcNAcManHexNeuGc;'}{'sub': 5', '3', '3', '1, 'GlcNAcManHexNeuGc;'}{'sub': 6', '3', '4, 'GlcNAcManHex;'}{'sub': 4', '3', '2', '1', '2, 'GlcNAcManHexFucNeuGc;'}{'sub': 2', '5, 'GlcNAcMan;'}{'sub': 3', '3', '1, 'GlcNAcManHex; and'}{'sub': 2', '6, 'GlcNAcMan.'}1516-. (canceled)17. The composition of wherein said compounds are coupled to positions corresponding to glycosylation sites present in an Fab region.18. A method to induce an immune response directed to a tumor in a subject bearing a cancer that expresses an epitope that comprises a moiety selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '1', '1', '1, 'GalNAcGlcNAcGalNeuAc;'}{'sub': 1', '1', '2, 'GalNAcGalNeuAc;'}{'sub': 1', '1', '2, 'GalNAcGalNeuGc;'}{'sub': 1', '1', '2', '1, 'GalNAcGlcNAcGalNeuAc; and'}{'sub': 1', '1', '2, 'GalNAcGlcNAcGalNeuGc'}{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1 ...

CHEMICAL DERIVATIVES OF JASMONATE, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to novel jasmonate derivatives, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions including such compounds, and methods of using these compounds and compositions, especially as chemotherapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of cancers. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the heteroaryloxy is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl groups.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris quinolinyloxy.4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rtogether with the carbons to which they are attached form a C-Ccycloalkyl substituted by halo.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris oxo.6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the bond between Cand Cis a double bond claim 1 , and R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rare each hydrogen.7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the bond between Cand Cis a single bond claim 1 , and R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rare each hydrogen.8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Rrepresents an oxygen atom which is bonded to C claim 1 , thereby forming an oxygen-containing 5-membered heterocyclic ring.10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier claim 1 , and as an active ingredient a compound according to .11. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier claim 9 , and as an active ingredient a compound according to .12. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 10 , wherein the composition is in a form suitable for topical administration claim 10 , oral administration claim 10 , intravenous administration by injection claim 10 , administration by inhalation claim 10 , or administration via a suppository.13. A method for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation claim 1 , comprising contacting said cancer cells with a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to .14. A method for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation claim 9 , comprising contacting said cancer cells with a therapeutically effective amount of a ...

POLYETHERESTER POLYOLS AND THE USE THEREOF FOR PRODUCING RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS

The invention relates to a polyetherester polyol comprising the reaction product of 1. A polyetherester polyol comprising the reaction product ofa1) 5 to 63 wt % of one or more polyols or polyamines or mixtures thereof having an average functionality of 2.5 to 8,a2) 2 to 50 wt % of one or more fatty acids, fatty acid monoesters or mixtures thereof,a3) 35 to 70 wt % of one or more alkylene oxides of 2 to 4 carbon atoms.2. The polyetherester polyol according to wherein the polyols or polyamines of component a1) are selected from the group consisting of sugars claim 1 , pentaerythritol claim 1 , sorbitol claim 1 , trimethylolpropane claim 1 , glycerol claim 1 , tolylenediamine claim 1 , ethylenediamine claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , propylene glycol and water.3. The polyetherester polyol according to wherein said component a1) comprises a mixture of glycerol and sucrose.4. The polyetherester polyol according to wherein said component a2) comprises oleic acid claim 2 , stearic acid claim 2 , palmitic acid claim 2 , linolenic acid claim 2 , their monoesters or mixtures thereof.5. The polyetherester polyol according to wherein the alkylene oxide of component a3) is propylene oxide.6. The polyetherester polyol according to wherein it has an OH number of 200 to 700 mg KOH/g.7. The polyetherester polyol according to wherein it has a functionality of 2.5 to 8.8. A process for producing rigid polyurethane foams by reaction ofA) organic or modified organic polyisocyanates or mixtures thereof,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'B) one or more polyetherester polyols according to ,'}C) optionally further polyester polyols,D) optionally polyetherol polyols,E) one or more blowing agents,F) catalysts, andG) optionally further auxiliaries and/or additives.9. A rigid polyurethane foam obtainable by the process according to .10. A polyol mixture comprising as components{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'B) one or more polyetherester polyols according ...

DISACCHARIDE SYNTHETIC LIPID COMPOUNDS AND USES THEREOF

Essentially pure compounds of the formulas (I) to (XX) are provided. Compositions and methods for enhancing or stimulating an immune response are also provided. The compounds, provided are advantageous in that the compounds are essentially pure and free from contaminants encountered when such compounds are purified from natural sources. 3. The essentially pure compound of claim 2 , wherein AA claim 2 , and Aare each independently Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl and Aand Aare each independently are Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.6. The essentially pure compound of claim 5 , wherein AA claim 5 , and Aare each independently Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl and Ais a Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.9. The essentially pure compound of claim 8 , wherein AA claim 8 , and Aare each independently Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl and Ais a Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.11. The essentially pure compound of claim 1 , wherein the compounds is at least 95% pure with respect to the synthetic disaccharide lipid compounds as measured on a weight basis.12. The essentially pure compound of claim 5 , wherein the compounds is at least 99% pure with respect to the synthetic disaccharide lipid compounds as measured on a weight basis.15. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 14 , wherein AA claim 14 , and Aare each independently Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl and Aand Aare each independently are Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 17 , wherein AA claim 17 , and Aare each independently Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl and Ais a Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.21. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 20 , wherein AA claim 20 , and Aare each independently Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl and Ais a Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.23. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 , wherein the compounds is at least 95% pure with respect to the synthetic disaccharide lipid compounds as measured on a weight basis.24. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 , wherein the compounds is at least 99% pure with respect to the synthetic ...

Capillary Electrophoresis Method for Fine Structural Analysis of Enoxaparin Sodium

A capillary electrophoresis method for quantitatively analyzing characteristic oligosaccharide present in enoxaparin sodium is provided in this invention. The method may be used for quantitatively determining the contents of disaccharides, trisaccharides, tetrasaccharides and in particular oligosaccharides having a 1,6-anhydro ring, which are unique compounds for enoxaparin sodium, within an exhaustively digested enoxaparin sodium sample with a mixture of heparinase I, II, and III, so as to quantitatively determine the molar percentage of oligosaccharides having 1,6-anhydro ring in enoxaparin sodium. The method may be used for the pharmaceutical quality control of enoxaparin sodium during the manufacturing process.

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MAKING ANTIBODIES AND ANTIBODY DERIVATIVES WITH REDUCED CORE FUCOSYLATION

The invention provides methods and compositions for preparing antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation. 2. The culture medium of wherein Ris selected from the group consisting of —C≡CH claim 1 , —C≡CCH claim 1 , C(O)OCH claim 1 , —CHCN claim 1 , and —CHBr.3. The culture medium of wherein Ris —C≡CH and R-Ris —OAc.4. The culture medium of claim 1 , which is free of added animal protein.5. The culture medium of claim 1 , which is free of serum.6. The culture medium of claim 1 , which is free of added fucose.7. The culture medium of claim 1 , which is a powder.8. The culture medium of claim 1 , which is a liquid.9. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein each of R-Ris independently selected from the group consisting of —OH and —OC(O)C-Calkyl.10. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein each of R-Ris independently selected from the group consisting of —OH and —OAc.11. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein Ris selected from the group consisting of —C≡CH and —C≡CCH.12. The culture medium of claim 1 , wherein Ris —C(O)OCH claim 1 , —CHCN claim 1 , or —CHBR.13. The culture medium of wherein the effective amount is an amount of the analog that is sufficient to decrease fucose incorporation into a complex N-glycoside-linked sugar chain of an antibody or antibody derivative by at least 90%.14. The culture medium of claim 1 , which:(i) is free of added animal protein;(ii) is free of serum;(iii) is free of added fucose; and(iv) is a powder or a liquid.15. The culture medium of claim 13 , which:(i) is free of added animal protein;(ii) is free of serum;(iii) is free of added fucose; and(iv) is a powder or a liquid.16. The culture medium of wherein the effective amount is an amount of the analog that is sufficient to decrease fucose incorporation into a complex N-glycoside-linked sugar chain of an antibody or antibody derivative by at least 90%.17. The culture medium of wherein the antibody or antibody derivative is a humanized or human antibody or ...

N-SUBSTITUTED MANNOSAMINE DERIVATIVES, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE

A compound of the formula (1) wherein Ris a group removable by hydrogenolysis, and wherein Ris OH or Ris —NHRwherein Ris a group removable by hydrogenolysis. The compound can be made from fructose by a Heyns-rearrangement. The compound can be used then to make free D-mannosamine or its salts, D-mannosamine building blocks and mannosamine containing oligo- or polysaccharides, N-acetyl-D-mannosamine and its hydrates and solvates, neuraminic acid derivatives, and viral neuraminidase inhibitors. 4. A method for the preparation of a compound of formula 1B of claim 3 , comprising the steps: a) treating -fructose with R—NHand a salt thereof claim 3 , and b) separating the compound of formula 1B from the reaction mixture.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein R—NHis benzyl amine.6. A method for the preparation of a compound of formula 1A of claim 2 , comprising the steps of: a) treating -fructose with R—NHto yield a fructosyl amine derivative; b) isolating the fructosyl amine derivative as a crude product by separating excess R—NHfrom it; and c) treating the crude fructosyl amine derivative with acid.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein R—NHis benzyl amine claim 6 , and the reaction in step c) is conducted in methanol in the presence of glacial acetic acid.8. A method for the preparation of a compound of formula 1A of claim 6 , comprising the steps of: a) making a compound of formula 1B from D-fructose according to ; and b) and treating a compound of 1B with acid to remove the —NHRgroup.9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. A method of synthesizing D-mannosamine or a salt thereof claim 4 , comprising the steps of: a) making a compound of formula 1B from D-fructose by the method according to ; and b) hydrogenolysis of the compound of formula 1B to remove the groups Rand R.14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. A method of synthesizing N-acetyl-D-mannosamine claim 4 , comprising the steps of:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00013', ' ...

COMPOUNDS AND METHODS FOR CHEMICAL AND CHEMO-ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX GLYCANS

The present invention provides chemical and chemo-enzymatic methods for the synthesis of a wide array of complex asymmetric multi-antennary glycans. 2. The orthogonally protected oligosaccharide of further comprising a glycosidically linked glucosamine moiety in place of X claim 1 , wherein the ring hydroxyls on the glucosamine moiety are protected claim 1 , wherein the amine at the C-2 position of the glucosamine moiety is protected claim 1 , and wherein the anomeric position at the reducing end of the glucosamine moiety comprises X as in formula (I).3. The orthogonally protected oligosaccharide of further comprising a glycosidically linked glucosamine disaccharide in place of X claim 1 , wherein the ring hydroxyls on the glucosamine disaccharide are protected claim 1 , wherein the amines at both C-2 positions of the glucosamine disaccharide are protected claim 1 , and wherein the anomeric position at the reducing end of the glucosamine disaccharide comprises X as in formula (I).4. The orthogonally protected oligosaccharide of comprising a glycosidically linked fucose moiety at position C-6 of the terminal reducing glucosamine.5. The orthogonally protected oligosaccharide of wherein the orthogonal protecting group is selected from the group consisting of levulinoyl (Lev); 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc); 2-naphthylmethyl (Nap); 1-naphthylmethyl (1-Nap); benzoyl (Bz); difluorobenzoyl (dfBz); pivaloyl levulinoyl (PivLev); pivaloyl benzoyl (PivBz); para-methoxybenzyl ether (PMB); methoxy phenyl ether (MP); allyl ether (Allyl); chloroacetyl ester (ClAc); trichloroacetyl ester (ClAc) claim 1 , trifluoroacetyl ester (FAc); and a silyl ether.6. An orthogonally protected oligosaccharide comprising an orthogonally protected oligosaccharide of .7. A method for making an oligosaccharide comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'deprotecting the orthogonally protected oligosaccharide of by removing an orthogonal protecting group ...

Catalytic hydrogenolysis of a composition of a mixture of oligosaccharide precursors and uses thereof

A method for the manufacture of a mixture of human milk oligosaccharides is disclosed. The method involves the catalytic hydrogenolysis of compounds of the general formula 1 and 2. The use of compounds of general formula 1 and 2 in the manufacture of human milk oligosaccharides is also disclosed.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING a-HALO-TETRAACYL-GLUCOSE

There is provided an efficient and excellent preparation method of an α-halo-tetraacyl-glucose which is suitable for industrial preparation, which comprises reacting D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside with a reactive derivative of a carboxylic acid and a metal halide to prepare the α-halo-tetraacyl-glucose represented by the formula (III): 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises reacting D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside with a reactive derivative derived from a carboxylic acid represented by the formula (IV) in the presence of a metal halide represented by the formula:{'br': None, 'MX'}wherein M represents an alkali metal, and X represents a halogen atom, a Lewis acid catalyst and a phase-transfer catalyst.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the reactive derivative derived from the carboxylic acid (IV) is an acid halide claim 2 , and R of the acid halide is an optionally substituted methyl claim 2 , t-butyl or an optionally substituted phenyl.4. The method according to or claim 2 , whereinthe metal halide MX is selected from the group consisting of lithium halide and sodium halide,the Lewis acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of zinc halide, cobalt halide, bismuth halide, iron halide, titanium halide and aluminum halide, andthe phase-transfer catalyst is a crown ether.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein R of the acid halide derived from the carboxylic acid (IV) is t-butyl and the halogen atom X of the metal halide MX is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.6. The method according to claim 2 , whereinthe metal halide MX is lithium bromide or sodium bromide,the Lewis acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of zinc bromide, cobalt bromide and bismuth bromide, andthe crown ether is 12-crown-4 or 15-crown-5.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises reacting D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside with pivaloyl chloride in the presence of sodium bromide claim 1 , zinc bromide ...

Crystal of ammonium n-acetylneuraminate anhydrate, and process for producing same

According to the present invention, a crystal of ammonium N-acetylneuraminate anhydrate, and a process for producing a crystal of ammonium N-acetylneuraminate anhydrate, comprising adding or adding dropwise a solvent selected from the group consisting of alcohols and ketones to an aqueous N-acetylneuraminic acid solution containing an ammonium-containing compound and having a pH of 3.0 to 9.0 to precipitate a crystal of ammonium N-acetylneuraminate anhydrate, and collecting the crystal of ammonium N-acetylneuraminate anhydrate from the aqueous solution, can be provided.

TRITERPENE SAPONIN ANALOGUES

The present application relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, and intermediates thereto. The application also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the present invention and methods of using said compounds or compositions in the treatment of and immunization for infectious diseases. 3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2 , wherein the antigen is associated with a bacteria or virus.4pertussisBorreliaB. burgdorferi, B. garinii, B. afzelliB. japonica.. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3 , wherein the antigen is associated with a bacterial or virus causing a disease selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B claim 3 , pneumococcus claim 3 , diphtheria claim 3 , tetanus claim 3 , claim 3 , or Lyme disease including the closely related spirochetes of the genus such as claim 3 , claim 3 , and5. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with Hepatitis B virus.6bacterium.. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with pneumococcus7Corynebacterium diphtheria bacterium.. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with8Clostridium tetani bacterium.. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with9Bordetella pertussis bacterium.. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with10bacteriumBorreliaB. burgdorferi, B. garinii, B. afzelliB. japonica.. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with a causing Lyme disease or a spirochete of the genus selected from the group consisting of claim 4 , and12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with a bacteria or a virus.13pertussisBorreliaB. burgdorferi, B. ...

Method for synthesizing sucrose-6-ester

A method for synthesizing sucrose-6-ester includes: (a) in the presence of a polar aprotic solvent, contacting an organic phosphine compound represented by formula I with sucrose and an organic tin compound; (b) removing water to obtain a reaction liquid containing a tin-sucrose adduct; and (c) contacting the reaction liquid containing the tin-sucrose adduct with an acid anhydride compound to prepare a sucrose-6-ester. In formula I, R1, R2, and R3 each are a linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; moreover, the R1, R2, and R3 are identical groups, partially identical groups, or different groups from each other. According to the method, the reaction conversion rate and selectivity are greatly improved; moreover, it is easy to realize industrial application.

Dually Derivatized Chitosan Nanoparticles and Methods of Making and Using the Same for Gene Transfer In Vivo

Provided herein is chitosan dually derivatized with arginine and gluconic acid; and methods of making and using the same, e.g., for gene delivery in vivo. 114.-. (canceled)15. A method of treating diabetes comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic nucleic acid encoding insulin , a glucagon antagonist , GLP-1 or leptin to a target tissue in a patient , wherein said administering comprises contacting said target tissue with a dually derivatized (DD) chitosan nucleic acid polyplex , said DD chitosan nucleic acid polyplex comprising a chitosan-derivative nanoparticle comprising chitosan coupled with gluconic acid and arginine , and said therapeutic nucleic acid.16. A method of treating inflammatory bowel disease comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic nucleic acid encoding IL-10 , a TNFα antagonist , or an IL-17 antagonist to a target tissue in a patient , wherein said administering comprises contacting said target tissue with a dually derivatized (DD) chitosan nucleic acid polyplex , said DD chitosan nucleic acid polyplex comprising a chitosan-derivative nanoparticle comprising chitosan coupled with gluconic acid and arginine , and said therapeutic nucleic acid.17. A method of treating of obesity comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic nucleic acid encoding leptin , cholecystokinin , PYY or GLP-1 to a target tissue in a patient , wherein said administering comprises contacting said target tissue with a dually derivatized (DD) chitosan nucleic acid polyplex , said DD chitosan nucleic acid polyplex comprising a chitosan-derivative nanoparticle comprising chitosan coupled with gluconic acid and arginine , and said therapeutic nucleic acid.18. The method according to , , or , wherein said nanoparticle comprises arginine at a concentration of about 10% to about 55%.19. The method according to claim 18 , wherein said nanoparticle comprises gluconic acid at an initial ...

Methods for making biocompatible polymerizable acrylate products

Sugar-acrylic monomers are synthesized to have a carbohydrate moiety linked to an acrylate group. The sugar-acrylic monomers may be polymerized to form polymers, adhesives, hydrogels, and the like. The sugar-acrylic monomers and polymers may be used in tissue engineering, adhesives and sealers, wound healing, and the like.

SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACID HEXOSAMINE ANALOGS AND THEIR USE IN TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS

A new class of molecules, C—OH tributanoylated hexosamines, including, for example, GalNAc, GlcNAc and ManNAc, are demonstrated to increase cartilage-like tissue accumulation by IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Furthermore, all three molecules reduced NFKB1 and IκBα driven gene expression, consistent with NFκB inhibitory properties of these analogs. GalNAc-a exposure produced the greatest ECM accumulation by IL-Iβ-stimulated chondrocytes. However, GalNAc-a exposure produced an opposite effect on MSC exposure, where a decrease in ECM accumulation was observed. These findings are in support of the function of NFκB signaling during limb development and growth plate chondrogenesis. The present invention shows the capability of this new class of hexosamine analogs as disease-modifying agents for treating cartilage damage.

STABILISATION OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL PRECURSORS

The present invention relates to a method for improving stability of non fluoridated sugar derivatives, and in particular glucose derivatives such as 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-β-D-mannopyranose which are used as precursors for production of radiofluoridated sugar derivatives for use in in vivo imaging procedures such as positron emission tomography (PET). The method comprises storing the non fluoridated sugar derivative in an organic solvent. The resultant formulations of the non fluoridated sugar derivative and cassettes for automated synthesis apparatus comprising the same are also claimed. 1. A method for improving stability of a non fluoridated sugar derivative which comprises storage of said non fluoridated sugar derivative in a solvent in a sealed container.2. A method according to wherein the non fluoridated sugar derivative is a monosaccharide sugar in which one of the OH groups is replaced by a leaving group and the other OH groups of the sugar are each optionally protected with a suitable protecting group.4. A method according to wherein the non fluoridated sugar derivative is 1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-β-D-mannopyranose.5. A method according to wherein the solvent is an aprotic solvent.6. A method according to wherein the aprotic solvent is acetonitrile.7. A method according to wherein the solvent has a water content of 1000 ppm or less.8. A method according to wherein the solvent has a water content of between 1000 ppm and 50000 ppm.9. A method according to wherein the sealed container is a septum-sealed vial.10. A formulation of a non fluoridated sugar derivative as defined in comprising said non fluoridated sugar derivative claim 1 , and a solvent in a sealed container.11. A formulation according to wherein the solvent is an aprotic solvent claim 10 , suitably acetonitrile.12. A formulation according to wherein the solvent has a water content of 1000 ppm or less.13. A ...

DETECTION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Provided herein are processes for detecting oligosaccharides in a biological sample. In specific instances, the biological sample is provided from an individual suffering from a disorder associated with abnormal glycosaminoglycan accumulation. 130-. (canceled)31. A method of determining in an individual the presence , identity , and/or severity of an MPS IIIA or MPS IIIB disorder , the method comprising:(a) generating a biomarker comprising one or more saturated non-reducing end oligosaccharides, wherein the biomarker is generated by treating a population of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides, in or isolated from a biological sample from the individual, with at least one digesting glycosaminoglycan lyase, wherein prior to lyase treatment, the biomarker is not present in abundance in samples from individuals with the MPS IIIA or MPS IIIB disorder relative to individuals without the MPS IIIA or MPS IIIB disorder; and(b) using an analytical instrument to detect the presence of and/or measure the amount of the biomarker produced and displaying or recording the presence of or the measure of the biomarker produced;wherein the presence of and/or measure of the amounts of the biomarker are utilized to determine the presence, identity, and/or severity of the MPS III disorder; andwherein the biomarker is selected from a group consisting of{'sub': '3', 'Formula III: [GlcNS-IdoA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-3;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula IV: [GlcNS-GlcA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-2;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula V: [GlcNAc-IdoA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-3;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula VI: [GlcNAc-GlcA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-2;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula VIII: [GlcN-GlcA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-4;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula IX: [GlcNAc6S-IdoA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-3;'}{'sub': '3', 'Formula X: [GlcNAc6S-GlcA-GlcN(Ac)0-1](SOR)0-2;'}GlcN-IdoA-GlcNAc;GlcN-IdoA2S-GlcNAc;GlcN-IdoA-GlcNS;GlcN-IdoA-GlcNAc6S;GlcN-IdoA2-GlcNAc6S; andGlcN-IdoA-GlcNS6S.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the biomarker is of Formula V: [GlcNAc-IdoA-GlcN(Ac)-1](SOR); or ...

PHARAMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

There is provided a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating human immunodeficiency virus, and more particularly, to a pharmaceutical composition and health functional food for preventing or treating/improving human immunodeficiency virus, the pharmaceutical composition and health functional food including a new compound with chitooligosaccharides conjugated amino acids or dipeptides as an effective component. The new compound has an excellent anti-HIV effect through an activity of inhibiting a HIV initial infection by interrupting an interaction between host-virus membranes, and also activities of inhibiting reverse transcriptase and protease of HIV. The compound according to the present invention is a conjugate synthesized through conjugating chitooligosaccharides derived from a natural material with amino acids or dipeptides. The compound is stable without cytotoxicity. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition including the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 (here claim 1 , x is Chemical Structure 1 or 5) as an effective component has an anti-HIV effect through an activity of inhibiting reverse transcriptase of HIV.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition including the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 (here claim 1 , x is Chemical Structure 3 or 4) as an effective component has an anti-HIV effect through an activity of inhibiting a HIV infection by interrupting an interaction between host-virus membranes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition including the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 (here claim 1 , x is Chemical Structure 2) as an effective component has an anti-HIV effect through an activity of inhibiting protease of HIV.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition including the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 (here claim 1 , x is one selected from Chemical Structures 6 to 8) as an effective component has an anti-HIV effect through activities of inhibiting reverse ...

MOFEZOLAC DERIVATIVES AS MULTI-FUNCTIONS SELECTIVE COX-1 INHIBITORS

The invention relates to a new class of compounds targeting COX-1. The invention also relates to the use of some of such compounds as a tool to investigate the structure and function of the enzyme, in the treatment targeting COX-1 or detection of COX-1 in relating disorders or diseases such as cancer and neuroinflammation, in particular in neurological (e.g. autism spectrum disorders) and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's diseases, Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), traumatic brain injury (TBI), HIV dementia and prion diseases), and in gynecological tumor (e.g. ovarian cancer), neck and head tumor, and haematological tumors (e.g. multiple myeloma) and in the detection of COX-1 in “in vitro” (cells and tissues) and in “in vivo”. 2. The compound according to wherein R-G is OH or OCHfor use in the treatment of neuroinflammation.3. The compound according to wherein R-G is OH or OCHfor use in the treatment of a neurological or neurodegenerative disease.4. The compound according to wherein R-G is OH or OCHfor use in the treatment of autism.5. The compound according to wherein R-G is OH or OCHfor use in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disease selected in the group of Alzheimer's disease claim 1 , Parkinson's disease claim 1 , amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) claim 1 , multiple sclerosis (MS) claim 1 , traumatic brain injury (TBI) claim 1 , HIV dementia and prion diseases.6. The compound according to having the following formula I wherein G is selected from: Galactose claim 1 , Glucose claim 1 , Fructose claim 1 , Glycine claim 1 , Valine claim 1 , Isoleucine claim 1 , Arginine claim 1 , Glutamic acid claim 1 , Glutamine claim 1 , Aspartic acid claim 1 , Asparagine claim 1 , Histidine claim 1 , Alanine claim 1 , Leucine claim 1 , Lysine claim 1 , Methionine claim 1 , Cysteine claim 1 , Phenylalanine claim 1 , Threonine claim 1 , Tryptophan claim 1 , Proline claim 1 , Selenocysteine claim 1 , Serine claim 1 ...

Processes and Materials for the Synthesis of Sugar Esters Found in Natural Tobacco

A process and materials method for making a glucose tetraester may include reacting glucose with a carboxylic acid to create a glucose pentaester. The glucose pentaester was reacted with a basic reagent to create a glucose tetraester. Glucose was reacted with a carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine to create a glucose pentaester product. The glucose pentaester reaction product was separated. The glucose pentaester reaction product was reacted with a basic reagent, wherein the reaction steps may take place at a temperature of about 0° C. to about 60° C. and about ambient pressure, wherein the ratio of the carboxylic acid to the glucose was from about 5:1 to about 50:1, and wherein the ratio of the glucose pentaester to the basic reagent was from about 1:50 to about 1:150.

ALPHA (1,2) FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE SYNGENES FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF FUCOSYLATED OLIGOSACCHARIDES

The invention provides compositions and methods for engineering or other host production bacterial strains to produce fucosylated oligosaccharides, and the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of infection. 1. A method for producing a fucosylated oligosaccharide in a bacterium comprisingproviding bacterium comprising an exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1,2) fucosyltransferase enzyme, wherein said α(1,2) fucosyltransferase enzyme has at least 90% sequence identity to amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO: 17; andculturing said bacterium in the presence of lactose.2. (canceled)3Prevotellaa. The method of claim 1 , wherein said α(1 claim 1 ,2) fucosyltransferase enzyme comprises sp. FutW claim 1 , or a functional variant or fragment thereof.4. (canceled)5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising retrieving the fucosylated oligosaccharide from said bacterium or from a culture supernatant of said bacterium.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fucosylated oligosaccharide comprises 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) claim 1 , lactodifucotetraose (LDFT) claim 1 , or lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LDFH I).7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium further comprises an exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1 claim 1 ,3) fucosyltransferase enzyme and/or an exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1 claim 1 ,4) fucosyltransferase enzyme claim 1 , or wherein said bacterium further comprises a reduced level of β-galactosidase activity claim 1 , a defective colanic acid synthesis pathway claim 1 , an inactivated adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent intracellular protease claim 1 , or an inactivated endogenous lacA gene claim 1 , or any combination thereof.8Helicobacter pylori. The method of claim 7 , wherein the exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1 claim 7 ,3) fucosyltransferase enzyme comprises a 26695 futA gene.9Helicobacter pyloriHelicobacter pylori. The method of claim 7 , wherein the exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1 claim 7 ,4) fucosyltransferase enzyme comprises a UA948 FucTa gene or a strain DMS6709 ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALPHA-HALO-TETRAACYL-GLUCOSE

There is provided an efficient and excellent preparation method of an α-halo-tetraacyl-glucose which is suitable for industrial preparation, which comprises reacting D-glucose or lower alkyl D-glucoside with a reactive derivative of a carboxylic acid and a metal halide to prepare the α-halo-tetraacyl-glucose represented by the formula (III): 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises using 0.1 to 1 mol of the Lewis acidic metal bromide selected from the group consisting of zinc bromide claim 1 , cobalt bromide claim 1 , and bismuth bromide against 1 mol of unprotected lower alkyl D-glucoside.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises using 0.1 to 0.2 mol of the Lewis acidic metal bromide selected from the group consisting of zinc bromide claim 1 , cobalt bromide claim 1 , and bismuth bromide against 1 mol of unprotected lower alkyl D-glucoside.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R is an optionally substituted methyl claim 1 , t-butyl or an optionally substituted phenyl.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein R is t-butyl.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein X is a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the Lewis acidic metal bromide is zinc bromide.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the acid halide (V) is pivaloyl bromide.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises using 0.1 to 1 mol of zinc bromide as the Lewis acidic metal bromide against 1 mol of unprotected lower alkyl D-glucoside. This application is a Continuation of copending application Ser. No. 14/770,415, filed on Aug. 25, 2015, which is a national phase of PCT International Application No. PCT/JP2014/054416 on Feb. 25, 2014, which claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 (a) to Patent Application No. 2013-036333, filed in Japan on Feb. 26, 2013 and Patent Application No. 2013-268649, filed in Japan on Dec. 26, 2013, all of which are hereby expressly incorporated by ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF A BIOMARKER

A method of determining the presence or absence in a sample of a biomarker, the method comprising: (a) linking an antigen to colloidal gold to provide a gold-antigen species; (b) contacting the gold-antigen species with the sample; (c) adding a diagnosis agent to the sample; and (d) observing the colour of the sample. 1. A method of determining the presence or absence in a sample of a biomarker , the method comprising:(a) linking an antigen to colloidal gold to provide a gold-antigen species;(b) contacting the gold-antigen species with the sample;(c) adding a diagnosis agent to the sample; and(d) observing the colour of the sample.2. A method according to wherein the biomarker is a disease antibody indicative of infection with a mycobaterial disease.3. A method according to wherein the biomarker is a disease antibody indicative of the presence of tuberculosis.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is a mycolic acid derived antigen selected from one or more of the following classes of compounds:(i) mycolic acids obtained from natural sources;(ii) synthetically prepared mycolic acids;(iii) salts of mycolic acids;(iv) esters of mycolic acids (i) and/or (ii);(v) sulfur-containing mycolic acids and/or salts or esters thereof;(vi) simple structural analogues of mycotic acids and/or salts or esters thereof.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the antigen is linked to the gold by a gold-sulfur bond.6. A method according to wherein the antigen is directly bonded to the colloidal gold by a sulfur atom contained within the antigen molecule.7. A method according to wherein the antigen is linked to the colloidal gold via a sulfur-containing linker compound.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the diagnosis agent is an aqueous composition having one or more salts dissolved therein.9. A method according to claim 1 , in which step (d) involves visually observing the presence or absence of a colour change to provide a qualitative assessment.10. A method ...

PATTERN FORMING METHOD, UNDER COATING AGENT, AND LAMINATE

It is an object of the present invention to provide a pattern forming method capable of easily forming a phase-separated structure with high accuracy, even in the case of widening the applicable range of a pattern size. The present invention relates to a pattern forming method comprising: applying an under coating agent onto a substrate, and applying a self-assembly composition for pattern formation to the surface of the substrate, onto which the under coating agent has been applied, and then forming a self-assembly film according to self-assembly phase separation, wherein the self-assembly composition for pattern formation comprises a block copolymer comprising a polymerization unit (a) having at least one selected from a structure represented by a formula () and a structure represented by a formula (), and a polymerization unit (b) having a structure represented by a formula (). 2. The pattern forming method according to claim 1 , wherein the under coating agent comprises a polymer containing at least one selected from a (meth)acrylate-derived unit optionally having a substituent and a styrene-derived unit optionally having a substituent.4. The pattern forming method according to any claim 1 , which further comprises an etching step claim 1 , after completion of the forming the self-assembly film.5. The pattern forming method according to claim 4 , wherein the etching step is a dry etching step.6. The pattern forming method according to claim 4 , wherein the etching step is a wet etching step. The present invention relates to a pattern forming method, an under coating agent, and a laminate.Electronic devices such as semiconductors have been required to be highly integrated as a result of miniaturization thereof. With regard to the patterns of semiconductors, miniaturization and the diversification of the shapes have been studied. As such pattern forming methods, a double patterning method, a lithography method using electron beam, and a pattern forming method ...

2,3-Fluorinated Glycosides as Neuraminidase Inhibitors and Their Use as Anti-Virals

Compounds having a structure of Formula I and compositions comprising these compounds are provided. Uses of such compounds and compositions are provided for treatment or prophylaxis of viral infection. In particular, compounds and compositions may be for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of viral influenza. 3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein T is COOH or COOR claim 1 ,{'sup': '1', 'sub': '1-10', 'wherein Ris a Clinear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted alkyl group,'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2, 'wherein the optional substituent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of: oxo, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, NH, CN, SH, SOH and NO, and'}wherein zero to five backbone carbons of the optionally substituted alkyl group are optionally and independently substituted with O, N or S.4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein T is C(O)OCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCHCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCH claim 1 , or COOH.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: F claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , OH claim 1 , CN claim 1 , and NO.6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: F claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , and OR claim 1 ,{'sup': '3', 'sub': '1-10', 'wherein Ris a Clinear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted alkyl group,'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2, 'wherein the optional substituent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of: oxo, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, NH, CN, SH, SOH and NO.'}7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is F or Cl.8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is F.9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein D is selected from the group consisting of: H claim 1 , F claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , OH claim 1 , CN claim 1 , and NO claim 1 , provided A and D are not both H.10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein D is selected from the group ...

DUALLY DERIVATIZED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME FOR GENE TRANSFER IN VIVO

Provided herein is chitosan dually derivatized with arginine and gluconic acid; and methods of making and using the same, e.g., for gene delivery in vivo. 114.-. (canceled)15. A method of delivering a nucleic acid to a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a dually derivatized (DD) chitosan nucleic acid polyplex , wherein said DD chitosan nucleic acid polyplex comprises a nucleic acid complexed with a chitosan-derivative nanoparticle comprising chitosan coupled with gluconic acid and arginine.16. The method of claim 15 , wherein said nanoparticle comprises arginine at a concentration of about 10% to about 55%.17. The method of claim 15 , wherein said nanoparticle comprises gluconic acid at an initial concentration of about 8% to about 30%.18. The method of claim 15 , wherein said nanoparticle comprises gluconic acid at a final functionalization of about 3% to about 10%.19. The method of claim 15 , wherein said DD chitosan nucleic acid polyplex has a combined degree of functionalization with said arginine and said gluconic acid of 1-60%.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said DD chitosan nucleic acid polyplex has a combined degree of functionalization with said arginine and said gluconic acid of 1-30%.21. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the amine to phosphate ratio of said DD-chitosan nucleic acid polyplex is between 2 to 100.22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein the amine to phosphate ratio of said DD-chitosan nucleic acid polyplex is between 2 to 50.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the amine to phosphate ratio of said DD-chitosan nucleic acid polyplex is between 2 to 30.24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the amine to phosphate ratio of said DD-chitosan nucleic acid polyplex is between 2 to 15.25. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said DD-chitosan nucleic acid polyplex has a molar ratio of said arginine to said gluconic acid of between 100:1 and 1:100.26. The method according to claim ...

Microorganisms and Methods for Producing Sialylated and N-Acetylglucosamine-Containing Oligosaccharides

The invention provides compositions and methods for engineering bacteria to produce sialylated and N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharides, and the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of infection. 121.-. (canceled)22. A method for producing an N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharide in a bacterium comprising: 'culturing said bacterium in the presence of lactose.', 'providing a bacterium, said bacterium comprising an exogenous UDP-GlcNAc:Galα/β-R 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase gene and a functional lactose permease gene; and'}23. The method of claim 22 , wherein said bacterium comprises an increased UDP-GlcNAc production capability.24. The method of claim 22 , wherein said increased UDP-GlcNAc production capability comprises overexpression of a nagC gene claim 22 , a glmS gene claim 22 , a glmY gene claim 22 , a glmZ gene or any combination thereof.25E. coli. The method of claim 22 , wherein said increased UDP-GlcNAc production capability comprises overexpression of nagC gene.26. The method of claim 22 , wherein said increased UDP-GlcNAc production capability comprises overexpression of nagC and glmS.27. The method of claim 22 , wherein said increased UDP-GlcNAc production capability comprises overexpression of nagC and glmY.28. The method of claim 22 , wherein said increased UDP-GlcNAc production capability comprises overexpression of nagC and glmZ.29. The method of claim 22 , wherein said N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharide comprises any one selected from Lacto-N-triose 2 (LNT2) claim 22 , Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) claim 22 , Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) claim 22 , Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNF I) claim 22 , Lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNF II) claim 22 , Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNF III) claim 22 , Lacto-N-fucopentaose V (LNF V) claim 22 , Lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LDFH I) claim 22 , Lacto-N-difucohexaose II (LDFH II) claim 22 , and Lacto-N-neodifucohexaose II (LFNnDFH II).30E. coli.. The method of claim 22 , wherein said bacterium is31. ...

REGIOSELECTIVE SILYL EXCHANGE OF PER-SILYLATED OLIGOSACCHARIDES

The present invention provides novel, regioselectively-acylated oligosaccharide compounds and methods for preparing them. In another aspect, the. invention provides a method for preparing a selectively-acylated oligosaccharide. The method includes forming a reaction mixture containing a protected oligosaccharide and an acylating agent. The protected oligosaccharide includes at least three hydroxyl moieties and each hydroxyl moiety is protected with a silyl protecting group. The reaction mixture is formed under conditions sufficient to selectively replace at least one silyl protecting group with a —C(0)-C1_6 alkyl group, and the selectively-acylated oligosaccharide comprises at least one —C(0)-C1_6 alkyl group and at least one silyl protecting group. 2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '6', '7, 'R, R, R, R, and Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR, the α-linked monosaccharide, and the β-linked monosaccharide;'}{'sup': 1a', '2a', '3a', '4a', '6a', '7, 'R, R, R, R, and Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of —ORand the linking moiety —O—;'}{'sup': 7', '8, 'sub': 1-6', '3, 'each Ris independently selected from the group consisting of —C(O)—Calkyl and —Si(R); and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '6', '1a', '2a', '3a', '4a', '6a', '7', '7', '8, 'sub': '3', 'at least one of R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, and Ris —OR, wherein Ris —Si(R).'}3. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein Ris selected from the group consisting of the α-linked monosaccharide and the β-linked monosaccharide.4. The compound according to claim 3 , wherein one of R claim 3 , Rand Ris the linking moiety —O—.5. The compound according to claim 4 , wherein Ris —OR claim 4 , wherein Ris —C(O)—Calkyl.6. The compound according to claim 5 , wherein at least one of R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , and Ris —OR claim 5 , wherein Ris —C(O)—Calkyl.7. (canceled)10. The compound according to claim 9 , wherein Ris —C(O)— ...

CARBOHYDRATE ESTERS AS INDUCERS FOR GENE EXPRESSION

The invention provides novel carbohydrate esters, in particular disaccharide esters, and the methods of their preparation. These compounds find use as microbial media components for the induction of gene expression in microbial fermentation processes. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an optional conventional inducer is added to the culture.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the optional conventional inducer comprises lactose claim 2 , cellobiose claim 2 , sophorose claim 2 , cellulose claim 2 , cellulose hydrolysate claim 2 , maltose claim 2 , isomaltose claim 2 , maltodextrins claim 2 , starch claim 2 , or starch hydrolysate.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protein of interest is cellulase or amylase.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protein of interest is a homologous or heterologous protein.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the homologous or heterologous protein is an enzyme claim 5 , a hormone claim 5 , a growth factor claim 5 , a cytokine or an antibody.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fermentation host is capable of producing cellulase or amylase.8Trichoderma, Humicola, Pleurotus, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Streptomyces, Thermomonospora, Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Penicillium, Basidiomycete, Chrysoporium, Pestalotiopsis, Neurospora, Cephalosporium, Achlya, Podospora, Endothia, Mucor, Cochliobolus, Myceliopthora, TalaromycesPyricularia.. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fermentation host is a filamentous fungus or bacteria or other hosts selected from the genus group consisting of claim 1 , and9Trichoderma reeseiAspergillus niger.. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fermentation host is the filamentous fungus or10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fermentation host is grown in a liquid culture or on a solid substrate without free-flowing liquid.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fermentation host has a promoter operably linked to a gene ...

Biosynthesis Of Human Milk Oligosaccharides In Engineered Bacteria

The invention provides compositions and methods for engineering bacteria to produce fucosylated oligosaccharides, and the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of infection. 1. A method for producing a fucosylated oligosaccharide in a bacterium , comprisingproviding a bacterium, said bacterium comprising a functional β-galactosidase gene, an exogenous fucosyltransferase gene, a GDP-fucose synthesis pathway, a functional lactose permease gene;culturing said bacterium in the presence of lactose; andretrieving a fucosylated oligosaccharide from said bacterium or from a culture supernatant of said bacterium.2E. coli. The method of claim 1 , wherein said β-galactosidase gene comprises an lacZ gene.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said β-galactosidase gene is an endogenous β-galactosidase gene or an exogenous β-galactosidase gene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacterium accumulates an increased intracellular lactose pool claim 1 , and produces a low level of β-galactosidase.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said exogenous fucosyltransferase gene encodes α(1 claim 1 ,2) fucosyltransferase or α(1 claim 1 ,3) fucosyltransferase.6Bacteroides fragilis. The method of claim 5 , wherein said α(1 claim 5 ,2) fucosyltransferase gene comprises a wcfW gene.7Helicobacter pylori. The method of claim 5 , wherein said α(1 claim 5 ,3) fucosyltransferase gene comprises a 26695 futA gene.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein said bacterium comprises both an exogenous fucosyltransferase gene encoding α(1 claim 5 ,2) fucosyltransferase and an exogenous fucosyltransferase gene encoding α(1 claim 5 ,3) fucosyltransferase.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said GDP-fucose synthesis pathway comprises endogenous enzymes or exogenous enzymes.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said lactose permease gene is an endogenous lactose permease gene or an exogenous lactose permease gene.11. A method for producing a fucosylated oligosaccharide in a bacterium claim 1 , comprisingproviding an ...

DETECTION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES

Provided herein are processes for detecting oligosaccharides in a biological sample. In specific instances, the biological sample is provided from an individual suffering from a disorder associated with abnormal glycosaminoglycan accumulation. 130.-. (canceled)31. A method for determining in an individual , the presence , identity , and/or severity of MPS I disorder , the method comprising:a) generating a biomarker comprising of one or more non-reducing end oligosaccharides, wherein the biomarker is generated by treating a population of glycosaminoglycans, in or isolated from a biological sample from the individual, with at least one digesting glycosaminoglycan lyase, wherein prior to lyase treatment, the biomarker is not present in abundance in samples from individuals with the MPS I disorder relative to individuals without the MPS I disorder; andb) using an analytical instrument to detect the presence of and/or measure the amount of the biomarker produced and displaying or recording the presence of or the measure of the biomarker produced;wherein the presence and/or the measure of the amount of the biomarker are utilized to determine the presence, identity, and/or severity of MPS I disorder; andwherein the biomarker is selected from a group consisting ofFormula I-A: IdoA-GlcNAc;Formula I-B: IdoA-GlcNS;Formula I-C: IdoA-GlcNS6S;{'sub': 3', 'n, 'Formula XII: [IdoA-GalNAc](SOR), wherein n is 0-2;'}{'sub': 3', 'n, 'Formula XXI: [IdoA-GlcN(Ac)m-IdoA](SOR), where m is 0-1 and n is 0-4;'}{'sub': 3', 'n, 'Formula XXII: [IdoA-GlcN(Ac)m-GlcA](SOR), where m is 0-1 and n is 0-3; and'}{'sub': 3', 'n, 'Formula XXIII: [GlcA-GlcN(Ac)m-GlcA](SOR), where m is 0-1 and n is 0-3.'}32. The method of claim 31 , wherein the biomarker is selected from the group consisting of: Formula I-A: IdoA-GlcNAc; Formula I-B: IdoA-GlcNS; Formula I-C: IdoA-GlcNS6S; and Formula XII: [IdoA-GalNAc](SO3R)n claim 31 , wherein n is 0-2.33. The method of claim 31 , wherein the biomarker is selected from the ...

Alpha (1,2) Fucosyltransferase Syngenes For Use in the Production of Fucosylated Oligosaccharides

The invention provides compositions and methods for engineering or other host production bacterial strains to produce fucosylated oligosaccharides, and the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of infection. 1. A method for producing a fucosylated oligosaccharide in a bacterium comprising providing bacterium comprising an exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1 ,2) fucosyltransferase enzyme , wherein the amino acid sequence of said enzyme comprises at least 22% but less than 40% identity to FutC (SEQ ID NO: 1).2. A method for producing a fucosylated oligosaccharide in a bacterium comprising providing bacterium comprising an exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1 ,2) fucosyltransferase enzyme , wherein the amino acid sequence of said enzyme comprises at least 25% identity to FutN (SEQ ID NO: 3).3LachnospiraceaeTannerellaClostridium bolteaeMethanosphaerula palustriesAkkermansia muciniphiliaClostridium bolteae. The method of or , wherein said α(1 ,2) fucosyltransferase enzyme comprises , sp. FutQ , sp. FutS , +13 FutP , FutR , FutY , FutP , or a functional variant or fragment thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said α(1 claim 1 ,2) fucosyltransferase enzyme comprises any one of amino acid sequences SEQ ID NO: 10-21 and 292 claim 1 , or a functional variant or fragment thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising retrieving the fucosylated oligosaccharide from said bacterium or from a culture supernatant of said bacterium.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said fucosylated oligosaccharide comprises 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) claim 1 , lactodifucotetraose (LDFT) claim 1 , Lacto-N-fucopentaose I (LNF I) claim 1 , or lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LDFH I).7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium further comprises an exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1 claim 1 ,3) fucosyltransferase enzyme and/or an exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1 claim 1 ,4) fucosyltransferase enzyme.8Helicobacter pylori. The method of claim 7 , wherein the exogenous lactose-utilizing α(1 claim 7 ,3) ...

THERAPEUTIC DRUG FOR NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present invention relates to a novel therapeutic drug for a neurodegenerative disease and an application thereof. Provided is a novel compound of formula (I). The compound can effectively facilitate the proliferation of neural stem cells in both in vitro and in vivo experiments and can be used as a treatment approach for facilitating neuroregeneration to fight against cognitive decline associated with aging or a neurodegenerative disease. 2. The compound of formula (I) or an isomer claim 1 , a solvate or a precursor thereof claim 1 , or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts as defined in claim 1 , whereinR1 to R4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl and C1 to C2 alkyl.4. A medicament or a medicine kit comprising the compound of formula (I) or an isomer claim 1 , a solvate or a precursor thereof claim 1 , or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts as defined in for preventing claim 1 , alleviating or treating neurodegenerative diseases claim 1 , depression or stroke.5. A medicament or a medicine kit as defined in claim 4 , wherein the neurodegenerative diseases areneurodegenerative diseases characterized by the occurrence of neuroinflammation in the brain; orneurodegenerative diseases characterized by a significant increase in Aβ production; orneurodegenerative diseases characterized by a significant decline in learning and memory ability; orneurodegenerative diseases characterized by a decline in the function of neural stem cells; orneurodegenerative diseases characterized by a decline in motor coordination ability; orneurodegenerative diseases characterized by a decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra; orneurodegenerative diseases characterized by a decrease in the level of striatal dopaminergic nerve fibers.6. A medicament or a medicine kit as defined in claim 5 , wherein the neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease claim 5 , Parkinson's disease claim 5 , dementia with Lewy bodies claim 5 , ...

N-ACYLETHANOLAMIDE DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF

The present disclosure provides certain N-Acylethanolamide derivatives, and uses relating thereto. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is a salt.3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein the salt is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4 , comprising one or more additional therapeutic agents.6. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4 , which is formulated for oral delivery.7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 6 , which is formulated as a solid formulation.8. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 7 , wherein the solid formulation is a capsule.9. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 8 , wherein the capsule encloses a liquid.10. A method of treating pain comprising administering the compound according to or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.11. A method of treating inflammatory pain comprising administering the compound according to or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.12. A method of treating neuropathic pain comprising administering the compound according to or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.13. A method of treating pain comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition according to to a patient in need thereof.14. A method of treating inflammatory pain comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition according to to a patient in need thereof.15. A method of treating neuropathic pain comprising administering the pharmaceutical composition according to to a patient in need thereof. This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/349,548, which is a U.S. national phase entry under Section 371 of International Application No. PCT/US2017/056353, filed on Oct. 12, 2017, which published as WO/2018/ ...

OLIGONUCLEOTIDE DERIVATIVE, OLIGONUCLEOTIDE CONSTRUCT USING THE SAME, AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING THEM

The oligonucleotide derivative of the present invention is represented by Formula (1). This derivative is considered to be introduced into cells by binding of its amino sugar chain moiety to a ligand on cell surfaces, and have selective drug delivery function. The oligonucleotide derivative can be easily synthesized and introduced into cells without using a lipofection reagent. 122-. (canceled)25. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 23 , wherein the modified or unmodified oligonucleotides have a partial structure —(CH)n— claim 23 , where n is a natural number of 1 or greater.26. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 24 , wherein the modified or unmodified oligonucleotides have a partial structure —(CH)n— claim 24 , where n is a natural number of 1 or greater.27. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 23 , wherein Rand Rare H.28. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 24 , wherein Rand Rare H.29. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 23 , wherein b is 0.30. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 24 , wherein b is 0.31. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 23 , wherein a and b are both 0.32. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 24 , wherein a and b are both 0.33. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 23 , wherein c is 1 or more and 5 or less.34. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 24 , wherein c is 1 or more and 5 or less.35. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 23 , wherein A and B have a partial sequence of mRNA of a predetermined gene or a complementary sequence thereof.36. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 24 , wherein A and B have a partial sequence of mRNA of a predetermined gene or a complementary sequence thereof.37. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 23 , wherein the total chain length of A and B is 10 or more and 35 or less.38. The oligonucleotide derivative according to claim 24 , wherein the ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING SUCRALOSE-6-ACETATE IN BIPHASIC LIQUID-LIQUID SYSTEM

The present invention discloses a method for preparing sucralose-6-acetate in a biphasic liquid-liquid system. The method comprises slowly dropwise adding an inert non-polar solvent containing a chlorinating agent to an N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution of sucrose-6-acetate; then reacting the biphasic liquid-liquid mixture at a certain temperature for 9-20 hours; cooling the system to room temperature after stopping heating, and settling the solution to form layers, an upper layer being an inert non-polar solvent layer, and a lower layer being a DMF solution layer containing the product; hydrolyzing, neutralizing, and filtering the lower layer to obtain a filtrate, and then concentrating the filtrate to obtain a concentrate; dissolving the concentrate in water, and obtaining the product by extraction using ethyl acetate and crystallization, the inert non-polar solvent being an alkane solvent containing 8-18 carbon atoms that is not mutually soluble with DMF. The method has a high product yield, and can significantly reduce the decomposition of DMF, thereby reducing costs. 1. A method for preparing sucralose-6-acetate in a biphasic liquid-liquid system , characterized in that method comprises the following steps:1) in the biphasic liquid-liquid system formed by an inert non-polar solvent and N,N-dimethylformamide, sucrose-6-acetate and a chlorinating agent engaging in chlorination through heating; cooling, settling the solution to form layers upon completion of reaction, and then taking a DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) solution layer containing a product;2) conducting hydrolyzed neutralization of the DMF solution layer containing the product as obtained in Step 1) to further obtain a filtrate through filtration;3) proceeding with concentration, extraction and crystallization of the filtrate obtained in Step 2) to further obtain the product, which is sucralose-6-acetate;wherein the inert non-polar solvent as described in Step 1) is an alkane solvent containing 8-18 ...

Nutritional supplements and therapeutic compositions comprising (r)-3- hydroxybutyrate derivatives

Novel compounds and compositions containing (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives are disclosed. The compounds and compositions can be used as nutritional supplements to increase physical performance and as therapeutics to ameliorate symptoms of medical conditions, particularly neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's and similar conditions. Novel methods for making R-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives also are disclosed. Exemplary methods employ a supercritical solvent, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, and employ a lipase catalyzed esterification or transesterification reaction to produce the (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R is glycerol.3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein:m is 2;n is 3; andx is 3.4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein:m is 3;n is 3; andx is 3.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R is glucose.6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein:m is 5;n is 1; andx is 5.7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R is galactose.8. The compound of claim 7 , wherein:m is 1;n is 5; andx is 5.9. The compound of claim 7 , wherein:m is 4;n is 3; andx is 5.10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R is mannitol.11. The compound of claim 10 , wherein:m is 6;n is 2; andx is 6.12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R is sucrose.13. The compound of claim 12 , wherein:m is 7;n is 1; andx is 7.14. The compound of claim 12 , wherein:m is 7;n is 3; andx is 7.15. The compound of claim 12 , wherein:m is 1;n is 6; andx is 7.16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60/485,848 and 60/529,873, filed Jun. 3, 2003 and Dec. 15, 2003, respectively. Both of these prior applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.The disclosure concerns compounds and compositions containing (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate derivatives effective for elevating blood concentrations of ketone bodies and methods for using such compounds and ...

METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS

A method of preparing a compound of formula (III): 2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein x is 1 claim 1 , y is 2 and z is 0 or 1.3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the compound of formula III comprises a trehalose unit.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein R is an unsubstituted alkyl chain having 16 to 30 carbon atoms; Ris an alkyl chain having from 12 to 24 carbon atoms; each of R claim 1 , R′ and Ris an alkylene moiety having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein Rand Rhave a combined total of from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and X includes a cyclopropyl unit.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises:a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining whether the antibody in the body fluid has bound to the compound of formula III includes detecting a second claim 1 , marked antibody bound to the antibody in the body fluid.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the body fluid is selected from a group consisting of: blood claim 1 , serum claim 1 , plasma claim 1 , pleural effusion claim 1 , ascites fluid claim 1 , and urine.9Mycobacterium tuberculosis.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pathogen is This application is a divisional of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/146,997 filed on Jul. 29, 2011, which is a 371 National Stage Application of PCT/GB2010/050146 filed Jan. 29, 2010, which claims priority to GB Application No. 0901465.5 filed Jan. 29, 2009. The applications identified above are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all that they contain in order to provide continuity of disclosure.The present invention relates to sugar esters of individual mycolic acids, to compositions comprising the same and to methods and uses relating thereto.Mycolic acids are long chain fatty acid compounds typically having 60 to 90 carbon atoms and are found as components of the cells of mycobacteria. An example of such bacteria isTwo moieties can ...

PREPARATION OF POLY ALPHA-1,3-GLUCAN ESTERS AND FILMS THEREFROM

Poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester compounds are disclosed herein with a degree of substitution of about 0.05 to about 3.0. Also disclosed are methods of producing poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester compounds and films made therefrom. 1. A film comprising poly alpha-1 ,3-glucan ester having at least one of:(a) a tear resistance of at least about 0.1 gf/mil;{'sup': '2', '(b) a tensile strength of at least about 10 kg/mm; or'}(c) a haze of less than about 20%.2. The film of claim 1 , wherein the poly alpha-1 claim 1 ,3-glucan ester used is poly alpha-1 claim 1 ,3-glucan acetate.3. The film of claim 1 , wherein the film has at least one of:(a) a tear resistance from about 2.0 to about 2.4 gf/mil;{'sup': '2', '(b) a tensile strength of at least about 200 kg/mm; or'}(c) a haze of less than about 10%.4. The film of claim 3 , wherein the poly alpha-1 claim 3 ,3-glucan ester used is poly alpha-1 claim 3 ,3-glucan acetate.5. A method to prepare a poly alpha-1 claim 3 ,3-glucan ester film comprising:(a) providing poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester;(b) contacting the poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester of (a) with a solvent to make a solution of poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester;(c) applying the solution of poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester on a surface; and(d) allowing the solvent to evaporate to provide the poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester film.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the poly alpha-1 claim 5 ,3-glucan ester used is poly alpha-1 claim 5 ,3-glucan acetate.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the solvent is acetone. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 61/746,328; 61/746,335 and 61/746,338; each filed Dec. 27, 2012, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.This invention is in the field of poly alpha-1,3-glucan derivatives. Specifically, this invention pertains to poly alpha-1,3-glucan esters, methods of their preparation and films made therefrom.Driven by a desire to find new structural polysaccharides using enzymatic syntheses or genetic engineering ...

THIOSCCHARIDE MUCOLYTIC AGENTS

There are provided, inter alia, methods for decreasing mucus elasticity or decreasing mucus viscosity in a subject in need thereof, the methods including administering to the subject an effective amount of a thiosaccharide mucolytic agent, and compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful for the methods. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method comprises decreasing mucus viscoelasticity in said subject.396-. (canceled)98. The pulmonary pharmaceutical composition of claim 97 , wherein said pulmonary pharmaceutical carrier is a pulmonary pharmaceutical liquid or pulmonary pharmaceutical powder.99. The pulmonary pharmaceutical composition of claim 98 , wherein said pulmonary pharmaceutical liquid comprises a polar liquid claim 98 , and said thiol saccharide mucolytic agent is dissolved or suspended in said polar liquid.100. The pulmonary pharmaceutical composition of claim 99 , wherein said polar liquid is water.101. The pulmonary pharmaceutical composition of claim 98 , wherein said pulmonary pharmaceutical carrier is lactose claim 98 , mannitol claim 98 , a phospholipid or cholesterol.102. The pulmonary pharmaceutical composition of claim 98 , wherein said pulmonary pharmaceutical carrier is the parent sugar of said thiol saccharide mucolytic agent claim 98 , said parent sugar lacking a thiol moiety.103. The pulmonary pharmaceutical composition of claim 97 , wherein said pulmonary pharmaceutical composition is within a pulmonary pharmaceutical delivery device.104. The pulmonary pharmaceutical composition of claim 103 , wherein said pulmonary pharmaceutical delivery device is a pulmonary pharmaceutical nebulizer claim 103 , a pulmonary pharmaceutical dry powder inhaler claim 103 , or a pulmonary pharmaceutical pressurized metered close inhaler. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/822,616, filed Nov. 27, 2017, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/847,439, filed Sep. 8, 2015, which is a continuation ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

The invention relates to the compounds of formula I, formula II and formula III or its pharmaceutical acceptable salts, as well as polymorphs, solvates, enantiomers, stereoisomers and hydrates thereof. The pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of compounds of formula I, formula II or formula III and methods for the treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases may be formulated for oral, buccal, rectal, topical, transdermal, transmucosal, intravenous, parenteral administration, syrup, or injection. Such compositions may be used to treatment of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, microvascular complications, macrovascular complications, lipid disorders, prediabetes, obesity, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, neuropathy, renal complications, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiovascular complications, postprandial hyperglycemia, depression, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, inflammation, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease and obesity. 4. A Pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.5. A Pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.6. A Pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.7. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4 , which is formulated to treat cardiovascular and neurological diseases the underlying etiology with an effective amount administering the patient in need by oral administration claim 4 , delayed release or sustained release claim 4 , transmucosal claim 4 , syrup claim 4 , topical claim 4 , parenteral administration claim 4 , injection claim 4 , subdermal claim 4 , oral solution claim 4 , rectal administration claim 4 , buccal administration or transdermal administration.8. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 5 , which is formulated to treat cardiovascular and ...

THIOSACCHARIDE MUCOLYTIC AGENTS

There are provided, inter alia, methods for decreasing mucus elasticity or decreasing mucus viscosity in a subject in need thereof, the methods including administering to the subject an effective amount of a thiosaccharide mucolytic agent, and compounds and pharmaceutical compositions useful for the methods. 2. The use of claim 1 , wherein said method comprises decreasing mucus viscoelasticity in said subject.3. (canceled)4. The use of claim 1 , wherein said thiosaccharide mucolytic agent comprises D-glucopyranose claim 1 , D-galactopyranose claim 1 , D-mannopyranose claim 1 , D-glucopyranoside claim 1 , D-galactopyranoside claim 1 , or D-mannopyranoside moieties.5. The use of claim 1 , wherein said thiosaccharide mucolytic agent comprises D-galactopyranose.668.-. (canceled)69. The method of claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '1A, 'Ris —OR; and'}{'sup': 2', '3', '5', '7', '8', '9, 'R, R, R, R, R, and Rare —OH; and'}{'sup': 10', '10A, 'Ris —SH or —OR.'}707. The method of claim claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1A', 'sub': 1', '10, 'Ris substituted or unsubstituted C-Cthiol-alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 10 membered thiol-heteroalkyl.'}71. The method of claim 70 , wherein{'sup': '1A', 'sub': 1', '10, 'Ris unsubstituted C-Cthiol-alkyl; and'}{'sup': '10', 'Ris —OH.'}72. The method of claim 71 , wherein Ris thioethyl.73. The method of claim 69 , wherein{'sup': '1A', 'Ris H; and'}{'sup': '10', 'Ris —SH.'}74. The method of claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1A', 'sub': 1', '10, 'Ris substituted or unsubstituted C-Cthiol-alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted 2 to 10 membered thiol-heteroalkyl;'}{'sup': 2', '3', '5', '7', '8', '9, 'R, R, R, R, R, and Rare —OH; and'}{'sup': '10', 'Ris —SH.'}75. The method of claim 74 , wherein Ris unsubstituted C-Cthiol-alkyl.76. The method of claim 75 , wherein R1A is thioethyl.77. The method of claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '3', '5', '8', '9', '10, 'R, R, R, R, R, and Rare —OH;'}{'sup': 2', '2B, 'Ris —OH or NR;'}{'sup': '2C', 'sub': 1', '10, 'Ris ...

METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONALIZED NUCLEIC ACIDS

Described herein are methods for the synthesis of derivatives of thiosulfonate reagents. Said reagents have utility for the synthesis of phosphorothiotriesters from H-phosphonates in a stereospecific fashion. 3. The process of claim 2 , wherein W is O.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein the silylating reagent is selected from1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-1,3-diphenyldisilazane;1,3-dimethyl-1,1,3,3-tetraphenyldisilazane;1-(trimethylsilyl)imidazole;N-trimethylsilyl-N-methyl trifluoroacetamide;bis(dimethylamino)dimethylsilane;bromotrimethylsilane;chlorodimethyl(pentafluorophenyl)silane;chlorotriethylsilane;chlorotriisopropylsilane;chlorotrimethylsilane;dichlorodimethylsilane;hexamethyldisilazane;N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)urea;N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)methylamine;N,N-dimethyltrimethylsilylamine;N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide;N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbamate;N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide;N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide;N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylacetamide;N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylheptafluorobutyramide;N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide;N-methyl-N-trimethylsilylheptafluorobutyramide;trimethylsilyltriflate;triethylsilyltriflate;triisopropylsilyltriflate; ortert-butyldimethylsilyltriflate.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the silylating reagent is selected from N claim 5 ,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide claim 5 , trimethylsilyltriflate claim 5 , chlorotrimethylsilane claim 5 , or 1-(trimethylsilyl)imidazole.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the silylating reagent is selected from N claim 6 ,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide.8. The process of claim 2 , wherein the H-phosphonate is covalently linked to a solid phase.10. The process of claim 8 , wherein the phosphorothiotriesters of structure IIIb comprise non-stereorandom phosphorous linkages and the H-phosphonate of structure Ic comprise non-stereorandom phosphorous linkages; and W is independently selected from O claim 8 , NH claim 8 , or CH.11. The process of claim 10 , ...

ESTER COMPOUNDS CONTAINING POLYOL AND SACCHARIDE GROUPS EFFECTIVE IN TREATING HEPATOTOXICITY AND USES THEREOF

The present invention relates to compounds effective in treating hepatotoxicity and fatty liver diseases and uses thereof. The present compound is represented by Formula (II), which has the formula: R—O—X—(CH)—X—O—R, wherein: each X is —C(═O)—; Ris a C-Calkyl polyol; Ris a saccharide group of formula (G); G is a monosaccharide residue, where (i) at least one of the —OH groups in (G)is substituted by a halogen atom, and (ii) the saccharide group of formula (G)is linked to —O— through a —CHgroup; p is 1 or 2; and m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein two or more of the —OH groups in formula (G)are substituted by halogen atoms.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the saccharide group is a hexose.4. The compound of claim 3 , wherein the hexose is an aldohexose or a ketohexose.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the saccharide group is represented by -G-O-G claim 1 , wherein Gand Gare the same or different.6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the —OH groups in -G-O-Gis substituted by a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of chlorine claim 5 , bromine and iodine.7. The compound of claim 6 , wherein the halogen atom is a chlorine atom.8. The compound of claim 6 , wherein{'sub': '1', 'Gis glucose, wherein one —OH group is substituted by a chlorine atom; and'}{'sub': '2', 'Gis fructose, wherein two —OH groups are substituted by chlorine atoms.'}10. The compound of claim 1 , whereinm is 4; andn is 4.11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein{'sub': '1', 'claim-text': [{'sub': 2', 'p, 'Ris a saccharide group of formula (G)'}, {'sub': 'p', 'wherein G is a monosaccharide residue and p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 in which at least one of the hydroxyl groups in (G)is substituted by a halogen atom; or'}], '(i) Ris hydrogen; and'}{'sub': 1', '2', 'p, 'claim-text': {'sub': 'p', 'wherein G is a monosaccharide residue and p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 in which at least one of the hydroxyl groups in (G)is substituted by a halogen atom, '( ...

Hydrolysis Resistant Sialic Acid Derivatives and Methods for Their Use

This invention provides compound having a structure of Formulas: Furthermore, methods and uses of such compounds for covalently bonding to a sugar acceptor, to form modified protein therapeutics having reduced enzymatic hydrolysis, improved biological stability or an improved pharmacokinetic property. 3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the ester is independently selected from one or more of the following: a linear or branched acetate claim 1 , a linear or branched propionate claim 1 , a linear or branched butyrate claim 1 , a linear or branched pentanoate claim 1 , a linear or branched hexanoate claim 1 , a linear or branched heptanoate claim 1 , a linear or branched octanoate claim 1 , a linear or branched nonanoate claim 1 , and a linear or branched decanoate.4. The compound of claim 1 , further comprising one or more saccharide groups attached from the 2 carbon position.5. The compound of claim 4 , wherein the one or more saccharide groups is selected from one or more of the following: a sialic acid claim 4 , a modified sialic acid claim 4 , a glucose claim 4 , a galactose claim 4 , a mannose claim 4 , a fucose claim 4 , an acetylgalactosamine claim 4 , an acetylglucosamine claim 4 , an acetylgalactosamine claim 4 , thiazoline an acetylglucosamine thiazoline claim 4 , an acetylneuraminic acid claim 4 , and a xylose.6. The compound of claim 4 , wherein the one or more saccharide groups is selected from one or more of the following: a sialic acid claim 4 , a modified sialic acid claim 4 , a β-D-Glucose claim 4 , a β-D-Galactose claim 4 , a β-D-Mannose claim 4 , an α-L-Fucose claim 4 , a N-Acetylgalactosamine claim 4 , a N-Acetylglucosamine claim 4 , a N-Acetylgalactosamine thiazoline claim 4 , a N-Acetylglucosamine thiazoline claim 4 , a N-Acetylneuraminic acid claim 4 , and a Xylose.7. The compound of claim 3 , wherein the compound is further covalently bound to a protein or a glycolipid.8. The compound of claim 7 , wherein the glycoprotein is mucin-linked or is ...

Methods for Glycosylation

Provided herein are methods of glycosylation in the formation of disaccharides, trisaccharides, and oligosaccharides using fluoroglycosides, silyl ether glycosides and a triaryl borane catalyst.

SEPARATION OF OLIGOSACCHARIDES FROM FERMENTATION BROTH

The invention relates to a method for obtaining an N-acetylglucosamine containing neutral oligosaccharide from a fermentation broth, wherein said oligosaccharide is produced by culturing a genetically modified microorganism capable of producing said oligosaccharide from an internalized carbohydrate precursor, comprising the steps of: i) ultrafiltration (UF), preferably to separate biomass from the broth, ii) nanofiltration (NF), preferably to concentrate said oligosaccharide in the broth and/or reduce an inorganic salt content of the broth, and iii) treating the broth with an ion exchange resin, preferably to remove charged materials, and/or subjecting the broth to chromatography, preferably to remove hydrophobic impurities. 1. A method for separating an N-acetylglucosamine containing neutral oligosaccharide from dissolved inorganic and organic salts , acids and bases in an aqueous medium from a fermentation or enzymatic process , comprising the step of treating said aqueous medium with a strong cation exchange resin in H-form and a weak anion exchange resin in free base form.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment with a strong cation exchange resin in H-form is directly followed by a treatment with a weak anion exchange resin in free base form.3. The method according to which does not comprise electrodialysis.4. The method according to claim 1 , which further comprises ultrafiltration and nanofiltration claim 1 , wherein the treatment with a strong cation exchange resin in H-form and a weak anion exchange resin in free base form is preceded by ultrafiltration followed by nanofiltration.5. (canceled)6. A method for separating an N-acetylglucosamine containing neutral oligosaccharide from a fermentation broth obtained by culturing a genetically modified microorganism capable of producing said N-acetylglucosamine containing neutral oligosaccharide from an internalized carbohydrate precursor claim 1 , wherein the separation comprises the steps of:i) ...

MONOESTER SUGAR DERIVATIVES AS FLAVOR MODIFIERS

Compositions containing monoester derivatives of the primary alcohol residue of a sugar are generally disclosed herein, as well as their use as sweetness enhancers, bitterness maskers, sourness maskers, or astringency reducers, to improve the taste profile of a flavored article. 1. A flavored article comprising a flavor-enhancing compound , wherein the flavor-enhancing compound is a monoester derivative of a primary alcohol residue of a sugar compound , which comprises a sugar moiety and an acid moiety.2. The flavored article of claim 1 , wherein the sugar moiety of the flavor-enhancing compound is a monosaccharide moiety.3. The flavored article of claim 2 , wherein the sugar moiety of the flavor-enhancing compound is a hexose moiety.4. The flavored article of claim 3 , wherein the sugar moiety of the flavor-enhancing compound is an allose moiety claim 3 , an altrose moiety claim 3 , a glucose moiety claim 3 , a mannose moiety claim 3 , a gulose moiety claim 3 , an idose moiety claim 3 , a galactose moiety claim 3 , a talose moiety claim 3 , a psicose moiety claim 3 , a fructose moiety claim 3 , a sorbose moiety claim 3 , or a tagatose moiety.5. The flavored article of claim 4 , wherein the sugar moiety of the flavor-enhancing compound is a glucose moiety.6. The flavored article of any one of to claim 4 , wherein the acid moiety of the flavor-enhancing compound is a Cfatty acid moiety.7. The flavored article of claim 6 , wherein the acid moiety of the flavor-enhancing compound is a hexanoate moiety claim 6 , an octanoate moiety claim 6 , a decanoate moiety claim 6 , a 9-decenoate moiety claim 6 , a 10-undecenoate moiety claim 6 , a dodecanoate moiety claim 6 , a 9-dodecenoate moiety claim 6 , a tetradecanoate moiety claim 6 , a hexadecanoate moiety claim 6 , an octadecanoate moiety claim 6 , an oleate moiety claim 6 , a linoleate moiety claim 6 , a linolenate moiety claim 6 , an eicosapentaenoate moiet claim 6 , or a docosahexaenoate moiety.8. The flavored article ...

Sialic acid analogs

The present invention provides sialic acid analogs and their compositions useful for the treatment of sialic acid deficiencies.

Disaccharide Synthetic Lipid Compounds and Uses Thereof

Essentially pure compounds of the formulas (I) to (XX) are provided. Compositions and methods for enhancing or stimulating an immune response are also provided. The compounds, provided are advantageous in that the compounds are essentially pure and free from contaminants encountered when such compounds are purified from natural sources. 2. The essentially pure compound of claim 1 , wherein AA claim 1 , and Aare each independently Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.3. The essentially pure compound of claim 1 , wherein Aand Aare each independently are Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.4. The essentially pure compound of claim 1 , wherein AA claim 1 , and Aare each independently Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl and Aand Aare each independently are Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.5. The essentially pure compound of claim 1 , wherein AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C; AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C; AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C; AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C; AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C; AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each Cor AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C.6. The essentially pure compound of claim 1 , wherein AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C; AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C; AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C; AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C; AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each Cor AA claim 1 , and Aare each Cand Aand Aare each C.7. The essentially pure compound of claim 1 , wherein the compounds is at least 95% pure with respect to the synthetic disaccharide lipid compounds as measured on a weight basis.9. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 , wherein AA claim 8 , and Aare each independently Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.10. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 , wherein Aand Aare each independently are Cto Cunsubstituted alkyl.11. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 , wherein AA claim 8 , and ...

HYBRID SCFA-HYDROXYL-DERIVATIZED MONOSACCHARIDES, METHODS OF SYNTHESIS, AND METHODS OF TREATING DISORDERS

Described herein are fatty acid carbohydrate-hydroxyl-hybrid compounds and derivatives thereof, and methods of treating or preventing disease and disease symptoms using the compounds and compositions thereof. 3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein each of R claim 2 , Rand Ris independently C(O)(CH)CHwherein each n is independently an integer from 0-18.4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein each of R claim 2 , Rand Ris C(O)(CH)CH.5. The compound of claim 2 , wherein R is alkyl or a substituted alkyl which may be substituted by oxo claim 2 , azido claim 2 , aryl claim 2 , halogen claim 2 , —OC(O)alkyl claim 2 , or —SC(O)alkyl.625-. (canceled)2730-. (canceled)3246-. (canceled)47. The compound of claim 1 , which comprises mix-match substitution.48. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is utilized in metabolic labeling of glycoproteins or glycolipids.49. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is utilized in stem cell differentiation.50. A method for increasing production of a recombinant glycoprotein in a cell claim 1 , the method comprising the step of contacting said cell with a compound of in an amount sufficient to increase recombinant glycoprotein biosynthesis in said cell claim 1 , thereby increasing production of a recombinant glycoprotein in said cell.5162-. (canceled)63. A method of incorporating a compound of in a glycan cell surface or in a glycosylation pathway claim 1 , wherein toxicity is reduced as compared to an appropriate control.64. A method of incorporating a compound of in a glycan cell surface or in a glycosylation pathway claim 1 , wherein toxicity is absent.6576-. (canceled) This application claims benefit of U.S. Application Ser. No. 60/963,966, filed Aug. 8, 2007, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.Research supporting this application was carried out in part under funding from the NIH/NCI (5R01CA12314-03). The government of the United States may have rights in the inventions.Uncontrolled cell proliferation ...

LOW TEMPERATURE CHLORINATION OF CARBOHYDRATES

Disclosed is a method of chlorinating a carbohydrate or derivative thereof, for example, a sucrose-6-ester at the 4,1′, and 6′ positions, with irreversible removal of HCl formed during the reaction to form the chlorinated carbohydrate or derivative thereof, for example, a 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-6-O-ester of galactosucrose (TGS-6E). The irreversible removal of HCl can be carried out by an irreversible physical process and/or an irreversible chemical process. Sucralose, an artificial sweetener, can be prepared by deesterification of the TGS-6E. The chlorination reaction takes place at low temperatures and the desired chlorinated product is obtained in high yields and in high purities. 1. A method for chlorinating a carbohydrate or a derivative thereof comprising reacting the carbohydrate or derivative thereof with a chlorinating agent and irreversibly removing during chlorination the hydrogen chloride produced by the reaction of the chlorinating agent with the carbohydrate or derivative thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate or derivative thereof is a sugar or derivative thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sugar derivative is a sugar ester.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sugar ester is a sucrose-6-ester.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the chlorinated product obtained is 4 claim 4 ,1′ claim 4 ,6′-trichloro-4 claim 4 ,1′ claim 4 ,6′-trideoxy-6-O-ester of galactosucrose (TGS-6E).6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating agent is an acid chloride or bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating agent is a Vilsmeier Reagent having the formula: [XYC=NR]Cl claim 1 , wherein X is hydrogen claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , or alkyl claim 1 , wherein the aryl or alkyl is optionally substituted with a halogen claim 1 , alkoxy claim 1 , thioalkoxy claim 1 , amido claim 1 , or cyano; Y is a leaving group; and R is hydrogen or alkyl which is optionally substituted with halogen claim 1 , ...

SIALIC ACID ANALOGS

The present invention provides sialic acid analogs and their compositions useful for the treatment of sialic acid deficiencies. 177-. (canceled)92. A sustained release pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 78 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof claim 78 , wherein:a) the release of the compound is over a period of about four hours or more; and/orb) the pharmacological effect from the compound lasts about four hours or more upon administration of the composition.93. A sustained release pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 78 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof claim 78 ,wherein the composition, upon administration, provides a therapeutically effective amount of the compound for about 4 hours or more.94. A method for treating a sialic acid deficiency in a patient in need thereof comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 78 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.95. A method for treating a sialic acid deficiency in a patient in need thereof comprising administering a compound of claim 78 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof; wherein upon administration claim 78 , the compound claim 78 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof claim 78 , continuously provides a therapeutically effective amount of sialic acid for about 4 hours to about 24 hours.96. The method of claim 94 , wherein the sialic acid deficiency is myopathy associated with sialic acid deficiency.97. The method of claim 96 , wherein the myopathy associated with sialic acid deficiency is Hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (HIBM) claim 96 , Nonaka myopathy claim 96 , or Distal Myopathy with Rimmed Vacuoles (DMRV). This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/050,343, filed on Jul. 31, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/944,779, filed on Nov. 18, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,065,981, ...

POLYMER MONOLITHS FOR SOLVENT EXCHANGE IN CONTINUOUS FLOW MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE

The present disclosure relates to the novel multistep procedure for preparation of polymer monoliths for use in solvent exchange, such as methods to exchange and activate fluoride ions on a flow through microfluidic chip for subsequent chemical synthesis. Methods according to the present disclosure include the application of such microfluidic platforms for rapid F18 radiosynthesis on a flow through microfluidic chip with high efficiency, followed by a subsequent nucleophilic fluorination reaction. Various other methods of exchanging and activating fluoride ions on a flow through microfluidic chip are also disclosed. Methods incorporating features of the present invention can be applicable to any flow through microfluidic device in any field, such as radiosyntheses, chemical syntheses, concentration of ions for environmental analyses and sample preparation such as concentrating minute amounts of analyte to improve the downstream detection. 1. A method of exchanging and activating fluoride ions on a flow through microfluidic chip , comprising the steps of:providing a microfluidic chip with one or more channels on or in the chip;vinylizing the microfluidic chip;forming and covalently anchoring polymer monoliths in the one or more channels;{'sup': '18', 'flowing [F] Fluoride ion water through the monoliths in the one or more channels; and'}{'sup': '18', 'eluting the []F fluoride ion via treatment with cryptands and potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate, or tetraalkylammonium bicarbonate.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microfluidic chip comprises glass.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more channels are serpentine channels formed in the chip.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the polymer monoliths are within the one or more channels and the volume of the polymer monoliths is at least 13 μL.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the serpentine channels have a cross section of about 150 μm×150 μm and a length of about 52000 μm.6. The method of claim ...

HYBRID SCFA-HYDROXYL-DERIVATIZED MONOSACCHARIDES, METHODS OF SYNTHESIS, AND METHODS OF TREATING DISORDERS

Described herein are fatty acid carbohydrate-hydroxyl-hybrid compounds and derivatives thereof, and methods of treating or preventing disease and disease symptoms using the compounds and compositions thereof. 325-. (canceled)2730-. (canceled)3238-. (canceled)42. (canceled)43. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.44. The composition of claim 43 , further comprising an additional therapeutic agent.45. The composition of claim 44 , wherein the additional therapeutic agent is an anticancer agent.4649-. (canceled)50. A method of treating or preventing a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease or disorder claim 1 , the method comprising the step of administering to the subject a therapeutic amount of a compound of sufficient to treat the disease or disorder or symptoms thereof under conditions such that the disease or disorder is treated.51. A method of treating or preventing a subject suffering from or susceptible to a disease or disorder claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of: (i) identifying the patient as in need of administration of a MUCI claim 1 , MMP9 claim 1 , CXCR4 claim 1 , or NF-κB inhibitor compound; and (ii) administering to the subject a therapeutic amount of a compound of sufficient to treat or prevent the disease or disorder or symptoms thereof.52. The method of claim 51 , wherein the subject is a human.5357-. (canceled)58. A method of sensitizing a cancer cell in a subject to anticancer agents claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of identifying a subject as in need thereof and administering to the subject a therapeutic amount of a compound of sufficient to sensitizing a cancer cell in a subject to anticancer agents.59. A method of treating or preventing cancer in a subject claim 1 , the method comprising the step of administering to the subject a therapeutic amount of a compound of .60. (canceled)61. A method of treating or preventing cancer in a subject claim 1 , with ...

BETA-GLYCOLIPIDS FOR USE AS ADJUVANTS

The present invention relates to beta-glycolipid derivatives, their preparation and use as adjuvants in vaccines, as being suitable for being co-administered with antigens for vaccine prophylaxis and therapy. In certain embodiments, the beta-glycol-lipid derivatives of the invention also in their salified or complex form, are suitable for being co-administered with antigens for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes or for vaccine prophylaxis and therapy. 2. The vaccine adjuvant of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the beta-glycolipid derivative claim 1 , Aand Aor Rand Rare claim 1 , independently of each other claim 1 , saturated or monounsaturated linear C-Calkyl.3. The vaccine adjuvant of claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , in the beta-glycolipid derivative claim 2 , Aand Aor Rand Rare claim 2 , independently of each other claim 2 , moieties of lauric acid claim 2 , myristic acid claim 2 , palmitic acid claim 2 , stearic acid claim 2 , arachidic acid claim 2 , behenic acid or lignoceric acid.4. The vaccine adjuvant of claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , in the beta-glycolipid derivative claim 2 , Aand Aor Rand Rare claim 2 , independently of each other claim 2 , saturated or monounsaturated linear C-Calkyl.5. The vaccine adjuvant of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the beta-glycolipid derivative claim 1 , Aand Aare acyl —(CO)Rand acyl —(CO)Rrespectively claim 1 , where Rand Rare claim 1 , independently of each other claim 1 , a moiety of pentadecanoic acid claim 1 , palmitic acid claim 1 , heptadecanoic acid claim 1 , or stearic acid.6. The vaccine adjuvant of claim 1 , wherein the beta-glycolipid derivative of formula (I) is in the form of a salt thereof claim 1 , wherein X is a —SO claim 1 , —OSO claim 1 , —OPO claim 1 , —PO claim 1 , alkali or alkaline-earth metal group.7. The vaccine adjuvant of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the beta-glycolipid derivative claim 1 , X is —SOH claim 1 , —SONa claim 1 , or —SOK.8. The vaccine adjuvant of claim 1 , wherein the beta-glycolipid ...

USE OF UAP INHIBITORS TO INHIBIT FLUX THROUGH THE HEXOSAMINE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY

Disclosed are UAP inhibitors to inhibit glucose flux in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and methods of treating a disease using the inhibitors. 48-. (canceled)10. (canceled)1321-. (canceled)22. A method of treating a disease comprising administering to a subject an effective amount of the pharmaceutical composition of .23. The method of :wherein the compound is a UAP inhibitor;wherein the subject is an animal or human; and/orwherein the disease is selected from cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular disease, ageing, autoimmunity, metabolic syndrome, eye disease and kidney disease, optionally:wherein the cancer is squamous-cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinomas, and renal cell carcinomas, cancer of the bladder, bowel, breast, cervix, colon, esophagus, head, kidney, liver, lung, neck, ovary, pancreas, prostate, and stomach; leukemias; benign and malignant lymphomas, particularly Burkitt's lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; benign and malignant melanomas; myeloproliferative diseases; sarcomas, including Ewing's sarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, liposarcoma, myosarcomas, peripheral neuroepithelioma, synovial sarcoma, gliomas, astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, gliobastomas, neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, medulloblastomas, pineal cell tumors, meningiomas, meningeal sarcomas, neurofibromas, and Schwannomas; bowel cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, astrocytoma, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, melanoma; carcinosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, Wilms' tumor or teratocarcinomas, optionally wherein the disease is pancreatic cancer or liver cancer,wherein the disease is a metabolic disorder, optionally diabetes or obesity, and/orwherein the disease is a neurological disorder, optionally Alzheimer's disease. ...

METHOD FOR MAKING A PRECURSOR OF L-FUCOSE FROM D-GLUCOSE

A method that can be used to make a precursor of L-fucose from D-glucose that includes the steps of a) making a compound of formula (1) from D-glucose, formula (1) wherein Ris acyloxy, and Q is a group (a), (b), (c) or (d), formula (a), (b), (c) or (d) or wherein Ris OH, and Q is a group (e), (f) or (g); formula (e), (f) or (g) wherein Ris acyloxy and Ris a sulphonyl leaving group; and b) producing 6-deoxy-L-talose from the compound of formula (1) formed in step a), wherein the moiety is a highly lipophilic protecting group; compounds according to formula (1), and use of a compound according to formula (1) are provided. 13. A method according to claim 1 , wherein Ris mesylate claim 1 , tosylate claim 1 , triflate claim 1 , nosylate claim 1 , brosylate or tresylate claim 1 , and Ris acetoxy or benzoyloxy.14. A compound according to formula 1 of .17. A compound according to claim 14 , wherein Ris mesylate claim 14 , besylate claim 14 , tosylate claim 14 , triflate claim 14 , nosylate claim 14 , brosylate or tresylate claim 14 , and Ris acetoxy or benzoyloxy.18. A compound according to that is isolated in crystalline form.19. (canceled)21. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the two geminal R groups together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclohexylidene.22. A method according to claim 13 , wherein Ris mesylate or tosylate.23. A compound according to formula 1A of .24. A compound according to formula 1B of .25. A compound according to formula 1C of .26. A compound according to formula 1D of .27. A compound according to formula 1E of .28. A compound according to formula 1F of .29. A compound according to formula 1G of .30. A compound according to claim 16 , wherein the two geminal R groups together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a cyclohexylidene.31. A compound according to claim 17 , wherein Ris mesylate or tosylate. -Monosaccharides or -sugars, especially -hexoses, are scarce in nature. Nevertheless, some -hexoses are ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MAKING ANTIBODIES AND ANTIBODY DERIVATIVES WITH REDUCED CORE FUCOSYLATION

The invention provides methods and compositions for preparing antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation. 154-. (canceled)56. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein each of R-Ris independently selected from the group consisting of —OH and —OC(O)C-Calkyl.57. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein each of R-Ris independently selected from the group consisting of —OH and —OAc.58. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein Ris selected from the group consisting of —C≡CH and —C≡CCH.59. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein Ris —C(O)OCH.60. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein Ris selected from the group consisting of —CN and —CHCN.61. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein Ris —CHCN.62. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein Ris —CHBr claim 55 , —CHCl claim 55 , or —CHI.63. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein Ris —CHBr or —CHI.64. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein Ris —CHBr.65. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein Ris methoxiran.66. The fucose analog of claim 55 , wherein Ris —CH(OAc)CH.6772-. (canceled)74. A compound of claim 73 , wherein Ris F.75. A compound of claim 73 , wherein Ris F.76. A compound of claim 73 , wherein Ris F.77. A compound of claim 73 , wherein Ris F and Ris F.78. A compound of claim 73 , wherein each of Rand Ris F.79. A compound of claim 73 , wherein R claim 73 , Rand Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of —OH and —OAc; Ris F; and Ris —CH.80. A compound of claim 73 , wherein R claim 73 , Rand Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of —OH and —OAc; Ris F; Rand Rare each H; and Ris —CH.8194-. (canceled)95. (canceled) This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/632,925 filed Feb. 26, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/043,742 filed Oct. 1, 2013 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,993,326), which is a divisional of Ser. No. 13/405,143 filed Feb. 24, 2012 (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,574,907), which is a divisional of Ser. No. ...

Methods for the Production of 3-O-Deactivated-4'-Monophosphoryl Lipid A (3D-MLA)

Herein is disclosed a method for producing lipopolysaccharide (LPS), comprising: (a) growing a culture of a deep rough mutant bacterial strain in a medium; (b) maintaining the culture in stationary phase for at least about 5 hr; (c) harvesting, cells from the culture; and (d) extracting LPS from the cells. The method allows for the production of an LPS which can be used to produce a 3-O-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A (3D-MLA) having at least about 20 mol % of the hexaacyl congener group. 1. A method of extracting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from a culture of deep rough mutant bacterial strain cells , comprising:a. Extracting the cells with a solution consisting essentially of at least 75 wt % of an aliphatic alcohol having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the balance water, thereby producing cells with reduced phospholipid content;b. Extracting the cells with reduced phospholipid content with a solution comprising chloroform and methanol, thereby yielding a solution of LPS in chloroform and methanol,wherein the extracting with aliphatic alcohol is performed at a temperature between 35° C. and 65° C.2SalmonellaEscherichia.. The method of claim 1 , wherein the deep rough mutant bacterial strain is of the genera or3SalmonellaSalmonella minnesota.. The method of claim 2 , wherein the deep rough mutant bacterial strain of genus is of species4Salmonella minnesotaSalmonella minnesota. The method of claim 3 , wherein the deep rough mutant bacterial strain of species is strain R595.5EscherichiaEschenchia coli.. The method of claim 2 , wherein the deep rough mutant bacterial strain of genus is of species6Escherichia coilEscherichia coil. The method of claim 5 , wherein the deep rough mutant bacterial strain of species is of strain D31m4.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic alcohol has from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aliphatic alcohol is ethanol.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution comprising aliphatic alcohol comprises ...

TREHALOSE COMPOUND, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCT CONTAINING THE COMPOUND

A trehalose compound having high immunopotentiating activity and low toxicity is represented by formula (1). (In the formula, X and X′ each represents a phenyl, a naphthyl, R—CHR— (wherein Rand Reach represents a C-Calkyl group or the like) or the like; and n and n′ each independently represents an integer of 0-3). The compound exhibits a high activating effect on macrophages and neutrophils. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein X represents R—CHR— and X′ represents R—CHR′—.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein R claim 2 , R′ claim 2 , Rand R′ independently represent a linear C-Calkyl group claim 2 , and n and n′ independently represent 0 or 1.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein R claim 2 , R′ claim 2 , Rand R′ independently represent a linear C-Calkyl group claim 2 , and n and n′ independently represent 0.5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein R claim 2 , R′ claim 2 , Rand R′ independently represent a linear C-Calkyl group claim 2 , and n and n′ independently represent 1.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ris identical to R′ claim 1 , Ris identical to R′ claim 1 , and n is identical to n′.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:6,6′-bis-O-(2-octyldecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(2-nonylundecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(2-decyldodecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(2-undecyltridecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(2-dodecyltetradecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(2-tridecylpentadecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(2-pentadecylheptadecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose, and6,6′-bis-O-(2-hexadecyloctadecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:6,6′-bis-O-(3-nonyldodecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(3-decyltridecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(3-undecyltetradecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(3-dodecylpentadecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose,6,6′-bis-O-(3-tridecylhexadecanoyl)-α,α′-trehalose, and6,6′- ...

CHLORINATION OF SUCROSE-6-ESTERS

There is provided a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate, wherein said method comprises the following steps (i) to (v): (i) providing a first component comprising sucrose-6-acylate; (ii) providing a second component comprising a chlorinating agent; (iii) combining said first component and said second component to afford a mixture; (iv) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1′ and 6′ positions thereof; (v) quenching said mixture to produce a 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate; wherein at least one of said first component and said second component comprises a reaction vehicle, and said reaction vehicle comprises a tertiary amide; and wherein said mixture comprises a cosolvent during a least a portion of the heating period of step (iv), wherein said cosolvent comprises perfluorooctane. 1. A method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4 ,1′ ,6′-trichloro-4 ,1′ ,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate , wherein said method comprises the following steps (i) to (v):(i) providing a first component comprising sucrose-6-acylate;(ii) providing a second component comprising a chlorinating agent;(iii) combining said first component and said second component to afford a mixture;(iv) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1′ and 6′ positions thereof;(v) quenching said mixture to produce a 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate;wherein at least one of said first component and said second component comprises a reaction vehicle, and said reaction vehicle comprises a tertiary amide; andwherein said mixture comprises a cosolvent during a least a portion of the heating period of step (iv), wherein said cosolvent comprises perfluorooctane.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein both of said first ...

REGIOSELECTIVE SILYL EXCHANGE OF PER-SILYLATED OLIGOSACCHARIDES

The present invention provides novel, regioselectively-acylated oligosaccharide compounds and methods for preparing them. In another aspect, the. invention provides a method for preparing a selectively-acylated oligosaccharide. The method includes forming a reaction mixture containing a protected oligosaccharide and an acylating agent. The protected oligosaccharide includes at least three hydroxyl moieties and each hydroxyl moiety is protected with a silyl protecting group. The reaction mixture is formed under conditions sufficient to selectively replace at least one silyl protecting group with a —C(0)-C1_6 alkyl group, and the selectively-acylated oligosaccharide comprises at least one —C(0)-C1_6 alkyl group and at least one silyl protecting group. 2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '6', '7, 'R, R, R, R, and Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of —OR, the α-linked monosaccharide, and the β-linked monosaccharide;'}{'sup': 1a', '2a', '3a', '4a', '6a', '7, 'R, R, R, R, and Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of —ORand the linking moiety —O—;'}{'sup': '7', 'sub': 1-6', '3, 'each Ris independently selected from the group consisting of —C(O)—Calkyl and —Si(R); and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '6', '1a', '2a', '3a', '4a', '6a', '7', '7', '8, 'sub': '3', 'at least one of R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, and Ris —OR, wherein Ris —Si(R).'}3. The compound according to claim 2 , wherein Ris selected from the group consisting of the α-linked monosaccharide and the β-linked monosaccharide.46-. (canceled)911-. (canceled)15. (canceled)1720-. (canceled)21. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the reaction mixture further comprises an acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid claim 14 , formic acid claim 14 , and trichloroacetic acid.22. (canceled)23. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the reaction mixture further comprises at least one base selected from the group consisting of ...

Fungal Trisaccharide Ester Compounds and Use Thereof in Preparing Agents for Preventing and Controlling Plant Fungal Diseases

Fungal trisaccharide ester compounds and agents containing the fungal trisaccharide ester compounds as active ingredients for preventing and controlling plant fungal diseases. A Pezicula sp. strain SC1337 was isolated from endophytes of a branch of bald cypress. The strain SC1337 is capable of producing five compounds exhibiting significant inhibitory activities against twelve common plant pathogenic fungi and preservative effect on fruits. Thus, the strain SC1337 can be used to prepare the five compounds exhibiting significant inhibitory activities against twelve common plant pathogenic fungi and preservative effect on fruits and used for preventing and controlling plant pathogenic fungi and fruit preservation.

Crocins Compounds and Uses Thereof

Provided are a series of crocins compounds and related pharmacological applications thereof in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The series of crocins compounds are obtained by taking the Chinese herb, namely Ellis, as a raw material and separating same by means of various methods. The compounds playing a role in preventing oxidative injury caused by hydrogen peroxide (HO) and excitatory amino acid injury caused by L-glutamic acid are screened out by in-vitro cell experiments. The results show that the crocins compounds have good effect in preventing cell injury caused by HOand L-glutamic acid. The compounds have good effect in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease due to the fact that significant rise of oxidative stress and excitatory amino acid is a key factor for nerve injury in Alzheimer's disease, and have broad development and application prospect. 121-. (canceled)23. The compound according to claim 22 , wherein the configuration of the double bound is the trans E configuration claim 22 , Rrepresents glucosyl group claim 22 , and Rrepresents quinic acid group.25. The compound according to claim 22 , wherein the configuration of the double bound is the cis Z configuration claim 22 , Rrepresents H claim 22 , a glucosyl group claim 22 , or a quinic acid group claim 22 , and Rrepresents H claim 22 , a glucosyl group claim 22 , or a quinic acid group.27. The compound according to claim 22 , wherein the configuration of the double bond the trans E configuration claim 22 , Rrepresents a glucosyl group claim 22 , and Rrepresents a glucosyl group or H.29. The compound according to claim 22 , wherein the configuration of the double bond is the trans E configuration claim 22 , Rrepresents a glucosyl group claim 22 , and Rrepresents CHCH.31. The compound according to claim 22 , wherein the configuration of the double bond is the trans E configuration claim 22 , Rrepresents a glucosyl group or a xylosyl group claim 22 , and Rrepresents H.33. A method ...

OPTICALLY PURE BENZYL-4-CHLOROPHENYL-C-GLUCOSIDE DERIVATIVE

The present invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical technology, more specifically relates to optically pure benzyl-4-chlorophenyl-C-glucoside derivatives represented by formulae (II) and (III), a process for preparing these compounds and intermediates thereof, a pharmaceutical formulation and a pharmaceutical composition containing these compounds, and the use of the optically pure benzyl-4-chlorophenyl-C-glucoside derivative as a sodium glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor in manufacture of a medicament for treating and/or preventing diabetes mellitus (including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) or diabetes-associated diseases (including insulin resistance disease and obesity) 3. The process for preparing the compound represented by formula (II) according to claim 2 , wherein said organic solvent is selected from N-methylpyrrolidone claim 2 , N claim 2 ,N-dimethylformamide claim 2 , tetrahydrofuran claim 2 , dioxane and acetonitrile claim 2 , preferably N-methylpyrrolidone.6. The process for preparing the compound represented by formula (III) according to claim 5 , wherein said organic solvent is selected from toluene claim 5 , N claim 5 ,N-dimethylformamide claim 5 , tetrahydrofuran claim 5 , dioxane and acetonitrile; preferably toluene.12. A pharmaceutical composition claim 1 , which contains the compound represented by formula (II) and/or the compound represented by formula (III) as defined in or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof claim 1 , and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents claim 1 , and is in any pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form.13. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 12 , which further contains one or more hypoglycemic agents claim 12 , wherein said hypoglycemic agent is selected from sitagliptin phosphate claim 12 , vildagliptin claim 12 , saxagliptin claim 12 , alogliptin benzoate claim 12 , linagliptin claim 12 , teneligliptin claim 12 ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCROSE FATTY ACID ESTER

The present invention provides a method for producing a sucrose fatty acid ester having high monoester selectivity, the method for producing a sucrose fatty acid ester comprising a step of preparing an aqueous solution containing sucrose and a basic catalyst; and a step of producing a sucrose fatty acid ester, by mixing the aqueous solution obtained in the aforementioned step, a fatty acid alkali metal salt and a melted fatty acid ester, and heating the mixture with stirring under reduced pressure, wherein the step of producing a sucrose fatty acid ester has an earlier step of removing water from the mixture, and a subsequent step of performing transesterification after the earlier step, and, in the subsequent step, heating is performed through microwave irradiation such that the temperature of the mixture is below the sucrose decomposition temperature. 1. A method for producing a sucrose fatty acid ester , comprising:a step of preparing an aqueous solution containing sucrose and a basic catalyst; and wherein the step of producing a sucrose fatty acid ester has an earlier step of removing water from the mixture, and a subsequent step of performing transesterification after the earlier step, and', 'in the subsequent step, heating is performed through microwave irradiation such that the temperature of the mixture is below a decomposition temperature of the sucrose., 'a step of producing a sucrose fatty acid ester, by mixing the aqueous solution obtained in the aforementioned step, a fatty acid alkali metal salt, and a fatty acid ester, and heating the mixture with stirring under reduced pressure,'}2. The method for producing a sucrose fatty acid ester according to claim 1 , wherein a sucrose fatty acid ester with a monoester weight proportion of 60% by weight or more is produced.3. The method for producing a sucrose fatty acid ester according to claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid ester is a fatty acid ester whose constituent fatty acid includes at least one selected ...

FLUORINATED N-ACETYL GLUCOSAMINE ANALOGS AND XYLOSE DERIVATIVES

The present disclosure relates to analogs of N-acetyl glucosamine fluorinated at 4- and/or 6-position(s) and derivatives of xylose at anomeric position for the treatment of a neurological disease, inflammation, cancer and a central nervous system injury. 2. A compound of claim 1 , where Rand Rare either an acetyl group or propanoyl claim 1 , and Ris either a H or an acyl group with formula CHCO— (n=2-9) claim 1 , a stereoisomer claim 1 , a racemate claim 1 , a tautomer claim 1 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt claim 1 , a solvate claim 1 , a prodrug claim 1 , or a functional derivative thereof.4. A compound of claim 3 , where Rand Rare either an acetyl group or propanoyl claim 3 , and Ris either a H or an acyl group with formula CHCO— (n=2-9) claim 3 , a stereoisomer claim 3 , a racemate claim 3 , a tautomer claim 3 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt claim 3 , a solvate claim 3 , a prodrug claim 3 , or a functional derivative thereof.7. A compound of claim 6 , where Rand Rare either an acetyl group or propanoyl or butanoyl claim 6 , and Ris either a H or an acyl group with formula CHCO— (n=2-9) claim 6 , a stereoisomer claim 6 , a racemate claim 6 , a tautomer claim 6 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt claim 6 , a solvate claim 6 , a prodrug claim 6 , or a functional derivative thereof.12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of any one of to claim 6 , or a stereoisomer claim 6 , a racemate claim 6 , a tautomer claim 6 , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt claim 6 , a solvate claim 6 , a prodrug claim 6 , or a functional derivative thereof.13. Use of a compound of any one of to claim 6 , or a composition of claim 6 , for treating a subject claim 6 , or suspected of having a neurological disease or disorder.14. Use of a compound of any one of to claim 6 , or a composition of for treating a subject with claim 6 , or suspected of having multiple sclerosis.15. Use of a compound of any one of to claim 6 , or a composition of for treating a subject ...

DEFINED ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF LIPID A ANALOGS

Provided herein include methods and compositions for synthesis of Lipid IVand derivatives thereof, using a defined set of pathway enzyme, which may be isolated and used to reconstitute all or part of the pathway in a cell-free reaction. 2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the compound has a structure of any one of Formula 6a claim 1 , 6b claim 1 , 6c claim 1 , 6d or 6e as shown in .4. A method of synthesizing a compound of claim 1 , the method comprising:combining in a reaction mixture one or more of the following sets of enzymes:Module A: Acetyl-CoA carboxylases;Module B: chain initiation enzymes of fatty acid synthases;Module C: chain elongation enzymes of fatty acid synthases;Module D: Lipid A biosynthetic enzymes; in the presence of Acetyl-CoA or an analog thereof including valeryl-CoA, UDP-GlcNAc, and cofactors and buffers required for synthesis.5. A method of synthesizing a compound of claim 1 , the method comprising:combining in a reaction mixture the following sets of enzymes:Module A, comprised of AccC, AccA, AccD, and holo-AccB; Module B comprised of FabH, FabD, FabG, FabA or FabZ, Fabl, and holo-ACP; Module C, comprised of FabB or FabF, FabD, FabG, FabA or FabZ, and Fabl; and Module D, comprised of LpxA, LpxC, LpxD, LpxH, LpxB, and LpxK, in the presence of Acetyl-CoA or an analog thereof including valeryl-CoA, UDP-GlcNAc, and cofactors and buffers required for synthesis.6. A method of synthesizing a compound of claim 1 , the method comprising:combining in a reaction mixture the following sets of enzymes:Module B comprised of FabH, FabD, FabG, FabA or FabZ, Fabl, and holo-ACP; Module C, comprised of FabB or FabF, FabD, FabG, FabA or FabZ, and Fabl; and Module D, comprised of LpxA, LpxC, LpxD, LpxH, LpxB, and LpxK, in the presence of malonyl-CoA, Acetyl-CoA or an analog thereof including valeryl-CoA, UDP-GlcNAc, and cofactors and buffers required for synthesis.7. ...

AMINOGLYCOSIDES AND USES THEREOF IN TREATING GENETIC DISORDERS

A new class of pseudo-trisaccharide aminoglycosides having an alkyl group at the 5″ position, exhibiting efficient stop codon mutation readthrough activity, low cytotoxicity and high selectivity towards eukaryotic translation systems are provided. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and uses thereof in the treatment of genetic disorders, as well as processes of preparing these aminoglycosides. The disclosed aminoglycosides can be represented by the general formula I: 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the genetic disorder is selected from the group consisting of cystic fibrosis (CF) claim 1 , Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) claim 1 , ataxia-telangiectasia claim 1 , Hurler syndrome claim 1 , hemophilia A claim 1 , hemophilia B claim 1 , Usher syndrome claim 1 , Tay-Sachs Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) claim 1 , Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) claim 1 , Factor VII deficiency claim 1 , Familial atrial fibrillation claim 1 , Hailey-Hailey disease claim 1 , McArdle disease claim 1 , Mucopolysaccharidosis claim 1 , Nephropathic cystinosis claim 1 , Polycystic kidney disease claim 1 , Rett syndrome claim 1 , Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) claim 1 , X-linked nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (XNDI) and X-linked retinitis pigmentosa.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering to the subject an additional agent useful in treating the genetic disorder.5. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 4 , wherein said genetic disorder is selected from the group consisting of cystic fibrosis (CF) claim 4 , Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) claim 4 , ataxia-telangiectasia claim 4 , Hurler syndrome claim 4 , hemophilia A claim 4 , hemophilia B claim 4 , Usher syndrome claim 4 , Tay-Sachs Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) claim 4 , Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) claim 4 , Factor VII deficiency claim 4 , Familial atrial fibrillation claim 4 , Hailey-Hailey disease claim 4 , McArdle disease claim 4 , Mucopolysaccharidosis claim 4 , ...

SUBSTITUTED-6,8-DIOXABICYCLO[3.2.1]OCTANE-2,3-DIOL COMPOUNDS AS TARGETING AGENTS OF ASGPR

Compounds of Formula (A) are described herein and the uses thereof for the treatment of diseases, conditions and/or disorders mediated by pharmaceutical compositions and the uses thereof as asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) targeting agents. 3. The compound of or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof , wherein Ris —X—Y , and Ris —NH—C(O)—CH.4. The compound of or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof , wherein Y is a protein , plasmid or an siRNA sequence.5. The compound of or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof claim 3 , wherein Y is a Cas9 ribonucleoprotein claim 3 , cas9 protein claim 3 , or plasmid.6. The compound of or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof claim 3 , wherein the compound of Formula (A) is capable of binding to a receptor present on a hepatocyte.7. The compound of or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof claim 5 , wherein the receptor present on a hepatocyte is an asialoglycoprotein receptor.8. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a compound of ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient claim 6 , diluent claim 6 , or carrier.9. The composition of wherein said compound or said therapeutically acceptable salt thereof is present in a therapeutically effective amount.10. A method for treating a liver disease or condition or a liver modulated disease or condition claim 7 , comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound according to any of or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.11. The method of wherein the liver disease or condition or liver modulated disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of: hereditary angioedema claim 10 , familial tyrosinemia type I claim 10 , Alagille syndrome claim 10 , Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency claim 10 , Bile acid synthesis and metabolism defects claim 10 , Biliary Atresia claim 10 , Cystic Fibrosis liver disease claim 10 , Idiopathic neonatal hepatitis claim 10 , ...

MICROORGANISMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING SIALYLATED AND N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE-CONTAINING OLIGOSACCHARIDES

The invention provides compositions and methods for engineering bacteria to produce sialylated and N-acetylglucosamine-containing oligosaccharides, and the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of infection. 1. A method for producing a sialylated oligosaccharide in a bacterium comprising:providing a bacterium, said bacterium comprising an exogenous sialyl-transferase, a deficient sialic acid catabolic pathway, a sialic acid synthetic capability, and a functional lactose permease gene, wherein said bacterium comprises an endogenous N-acetylneuraminate lyase gene (nanA) and an endogenous N-acetylmannosamine-6-phosphate epimerase gene (nanE) that are mutated and an endogenous N-acetylmannosamine kinase gene (nanK) that is not mutated; andculturing said bacterium in the presence of lactose.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacterium further comprises a mutation in endogenous N-acetylneuraminic acid transporter gene (nanT).35.-. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mutation comprises a null mutation.7. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sialic acid synthetic capability comprises an exogenous CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase gene (neuA) claim 1 , an exogenous sialic acid synthase gene (neuB) claim 1 , and an exogenous UDP-GlcNac 2-epimerase (neuC).9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said exogenous sialyl-transferase gene is α(2 claim 1 ,3) sialyl-transferase claim 1 , α(2 claim 1 ,6) sialyl-transferase claim 1 , or α(2 claim 1 ,8) sialyltransferase.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sialylated oligosaccharide comprises 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) or 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL).11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacterium comprises a deleted or inactivated endogenous β-galactosidase gene.12E. coli. The method of claim 11 , wherein said deleted or inactivated β-galactosidase gene comprises lacZ gene.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacterium comprises a recombinant β-galactosidase gene providing a low but detectable level of β- ...

CATIONIC PEPTIDOPOLYSACCHARIDES WITH EXCELLENT BROAD- SPECTRUM ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES AND HIGH SELECTIVITY

The disclosure provides cationic peptidopolysaccharides of Formula I: which has a bacterial peptidoglycan-mimetic structure, and shows outstanding broad spectrum activities against clinically significant bacteria and fungi. The structural affinity of these compounds with microbial cell wall constituents promotes its passage to the cytoplasmic membrane resulting in excellent antimicrobial activity and record high selectivity. The disclosure also describes methods of making and using cationic peptidopolysaccharides of Formula I. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the compound of Formula I:{'sub': 1', '6', '2', '6', '2', '6', '3', '8', '6', '10', '6', '10', '1', '6', '3', '10', '3', '10', '1', '6', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', 'R', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', 'k', '3', '2', 'k', '3', '2', 'k', '2', 'k, 'sup': 1', '1', '1', '1', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '4', '2', '3', '4', '1', '4', '1', '4', '2', '3', '4', '2', '3', '4', '2', '3', '4', '2', '3', '4', '2', '3, 'R is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)aryl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)aryl(C-C)alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)heteroaryl(C-C)alkyl, (CH)OR, (CH)C(O)R, (CH)C(O)OR, (CH)OC(O)R, (CH)NRR, (CH)C(O)NRR, (CH)OC(O)NRR, (CH)C(NR)NRR, (CH)NRC(O), (CH)NRC(O)OR, (CH)NRC(O)NRR, (CH)NRC(O)NRR, (CH)NRC(NH)NRR, (CH)SH, (CH)S(O)CH, (CH)NRS(O)CH, (CH)S(O)NRRand (CH)NRS(O)NRR; and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'sub': 1', '6', '2', '6', '2', '6', '3', '8', '6', '10', '6', '10', '1', '6', '3', '10', '3', '10', '1', '6, 'R, R, Rand Rare each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted (C-C)cycloalkyl, ...

Cell-permeable probes for identification and imaging of sialidases

Provided herein are novel irreversible sialidase inhibitors. These compounds can be conjugated with a detectable tagging moiety such as azide-annexed biotin via CuAAC for isolation and identification of sialidases. The provided compounds and the corresponding detectable conjugates are useful for detecting sialidase-containing pathogens and imaging in situ sialidase activities under physiological conditions.

METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONALIZED NUCLEIC ACIDS

Described herein are methods for the synthesis of derivatives of thiosulfonate reagents. Said reagents have utility for the synthesis of phosphorothiotriesters from H-phosphonates in a stereospecific fashion. 118-. (canceled)20. The thiosulfonate reagent of claim 19 , wherein Ris selected from —S-alkenylene- and —S-alkylene-.21. The thiosulfonate reagent of claim 19 , wherein Ris heterocyclo-alkylene-S—.24. The thiosulfonate reagent of claim 19 , wherein X is alkyl.25. The thiosulfonate reagent of claim 24 , wherein X is methyl. This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/509,526, filed Jul. 19, 2011, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.Oligonucleotides are useful in therapeutic, diagnostic, research and nanomaterials applications. The use of natural sequences of DNA or RNA for therapeutics is limited because of their instability against extra and intracellular nucleases, poor cell penetration and distribution. Additionally, in vitro studies have shown that the properties of antisense nucleotides such as binding affinity, sequence specific binding to the complementary RNA (Cosstick and Eckstein, 1985; LaPlanche et al., 1986; Latimer et al., 1989; Hacia et al., 1994; Mesmaeker et al., 1995), stability to nucleases are affected by the configurations of the phosphorous atoms Therefore, there is a need for modified oligonucleotides to impart stability towards ubiquitous nucleases, increase binding affinity towards complementary RNA and increase cell penetration and bio-distribution for a number of in-vitro and in-vivo applications.Described herein are methods for the synthesis of novel functionalized nucleic acids and nucleic acid prodrugs. In some embodiments, the nucleic acids comprise chiral phosphorous moieties.One embodiment provides a process for the preparation of phosphorothiotriesters of structure IIIa comprising the steps of:wherein,Another embodiment provides a process for the preparation of ...

ORGANIC ACID GLYCOSIDE CONTAINED IN COFFEE BEANS

The present invention provides a novel organic acid glycoside existing in coffee beans and a use thereof. 13-. (canceled)4. A compound selected from 3-methyl-2-butenoyl-β-gentiobioside or 3-methyl-butanoyl-β-gentiobioside.5. A composition comprising a compound according to .6. The composition further comprising 3-methyl-butanoyl-sucroside.7. The composition according to for use in improving flavor of coffee beans or extracts obtained from coffee beans.8. The composition according to that is mixed with coffee beans or extracts obtained from coffee beans.9. A method for improving flavor of extracts obtained from coffee beans comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'mixing coffee beans or extracts obtained from coffee beans with a compound according to .'}10. A method for evaluating quality of coffee beans or extracts obtained from coffee beans comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'detecting a compound according to or 3-methyl-butanoyl-sucroside in coffee beans or extracts obtained from coffee beans.'}11. A method for identifying or estimating a variety of coffee comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'detecting a compound according to or 3-methyl-butanoyl-sucroside in coffee beans or extracts obtained from coffee beans.'}12. A method for improving flavor of extracts obtained from coffee beans comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00005', 'claim 5'}, 'mixing coffee beans or extracts obtained from coffee beans with a composition according to .'}13. A method for improving flavor of extracts obtained from coffee beans comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00006', 'claim 6'}, 'mixing coffee beans or extracts obtained from coffee beans with a composition according to .'} The present invention relates to a novel organic acid glycoside and uses thereof.There has always been a considerable interest in volatile aromatic components of coffee. It has been reported that a part of the volatile aromatic ...

GLYCOCONJUGATE SYNTHESIS

The invention relates to a method for producing a glycoconjugate comprising an oligosaccharide part covalently linked to a non-sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, longer alkyl groups, polyethylene glycols, α,β-unsaturated amido group and polyvinyl alcohols, using a genetically modified cell. 1. A method for producing a glycoconjugate comprising an oligosaccharide part covalently linked to a non-sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acids , peptides , proteins , lipids , longer alkyl groups , polyethylene glycols , α ,β-unsaturated amido group and polyvinyl alcohols , the method comprising:(i) providing a genetically modified cell comprising a gene encoding a glycosyl transferase enzyme that is able to transfer the glycosyl residue of an activated sugar nucleotide to an internalized acceptor, (a) internalization of the exogenous acceptor by the genetically modified cell, and', '(b) formation of said glycoconjugate from said internalized acceptor molecule by a glycosyl transfer mediated by said glycosyl transferase enzyme expressed by said cell, and then, '(ii) culturing said genetically modified cell in the presence of an exogenous acceptor comprising a mono- or disaccharide part covalently linked to a non-sugar moiety selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides, proteins, lipids, longer alkyl groups, polyethylene glycols, α,β-unsaturated amido group and polyvinyl alcohols, inducing'}(iii) collecting said glycoconjugate from the fermentation broth.2. The method according claim 1 , wherein said genetically modified cell provided in step (i) further comprises a set of genes encoding enzymes responsible for the synthesis of said activated sugar nucleotide by a de novo pathway claim 1 , and wherein said culturing step (ii) further induces producing said activated sugar nucleotide by a de novo pathway.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said glycosyl transferase enzyme is ...

Chemical Synthesis Method of Plesiomonas Shigelloides Serotype O51 O-antigen Oligosaccharide

The present disclosure discloses the chemical synthesis method of the Plesiomonas shigelloides serotype O51 O-antigen oligosaccharide, belonging to the field of chemistry. Source-abundant D-glucose, L-fucose, D-glucosamine and the like are used as raw materials to prepare three glycosylation building blocks, the synthetic route composed of 11 reaction modules is designed, and through the optimization of protecting group and the optimization of the time of introducing functional group, the preparation of the target oligosaccharide chain is successfully achieved. The oligosaccharide chain prepared in the present disclosure has the advantages of cheap and easy-to-get raw materials, and simple and easy-to-repeat preparation method. The present disclosure will have good application prospects in the aspects of development of new drugs and vaccines of Plesiomonas shigelloides , and the like.

Preparation of poly alpha-1,3-glucan esters and films therefrom

Poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester compounds are disclosed herein with a degree of substitution of about 0.05 to about 3.0. Also disclosed are methods of producing poly alpha-1,3-glucan ester compounds and films made therefrom.

TRITERPENE SAPONIN ANALOGUES

The present application relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, and intermediates thereto. The application also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the present invention and methods of using said compounds or compositions in the treatment of and immunization for infectious diseases. 3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 2 , wherein the antigen is associated with a bacteria or virus.4BorreliaB. burgdorferi, B. garinii, B. afzelliB. japonica.. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3 , wherein the antigen is associated with a bacterial or virus causing a disease selected from the group consisting of Hepatitis B claim 3 , pneumococcus claim 3 , diphtheria claim 3 , tetanus claim 3 , pertussis claim 3 , or Lyme disease including the closely related spirochetes of the genus such as claim 3 , claim 3 , and5. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with Hepatitis B virus.6. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with pneumococcus bacterium.7Corynebacterium diphtheria. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with bacterium.8Clostridium tetani. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with bacterium.9Bordetella pertussis. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with bacterium.10BorreliaB. burgdorferi, B. garinii, B. afzelliB. japonica.. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 4 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with a bacterium causing Lyme disease or a spirochete of the genus selected from the group consisting of claim 4 , and12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the antigen is an antigen associated with a bacteria or a virus.13BorreliaB. burgdorferi, B. garinii, B. ...

BIOSYNTHESIS OF HUMAN MILK OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN ENGINEERED BACTERIA

The invention provides compositions and methods for engineering bacteria to produce fucosylated oligosaccharides, and the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of infection. 130-. (canceled)31Escherichia coliE. coli. A method for producing a fucosylated oligosaccharide in a bacterium , comprising providing an isolated () bacterium comprising:{'i': 'E. coli', '(i) a detectable level of β-galactosidase activity that is reduced compared to that of a wild-type bacterium, wherein the level of β-galactosidase activity comprises between 0.05 and 200 units;'}(ii) an inactivating mutation in a colanic acid synthesis gene; and(iii) an exogenous fucosyltransferase gene,culturing said bacterium in the presence of lactose; andretrieving a fucosylated oligosaccharide from said bacterium or from a culture supernatant of said bacterium.32. The method of claim 31 , wherein said bacterium comprises an engineered β-galactosidase gene insert.33E. coli. The method of claim 31 , wherein said colanic acid synthesis gene comprises an wcaJ claim 31 , wzxC claim 31 , wcaD claim 31 , wza claim 31 , wzb claim 31 , or wzc gene.34. The method of claim 33 , wherein said colanic acid synthesis gene comprises a wcaJ gene.35. The method of claim 31 , comprising an increased intracellular guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-fucose level claim 31 , wherein the increased intracellular GDP-fucose level is at least 10% more than the level of GDP-fucose in a wild-type bacterium.36. The method of claim 31 , wherein said exogenous fucosyltransferase gene encodes an α(1 claim 31 ,2) fucosyltransferase and/or an α(1 claim 31 ,3) fucosyltransferase.37Bacteroides fragilis. The method of claim 36 , wherein said α(1 claim 36 ,2) fucosyltransferase gene comprises a wcfW gene.38Helicobacter pylori. The method of claim 36 , wherein said α(1 claim 36 ,2) fucosyltransferase gene comprises a 26695 futC gene.39Helicobacter pylori. The method of claim 31 , wherein said ≢(1 claim 31 ,3) fucosyltransferase gene comprises a ...

GLYCANS AS FUNCTIONAL CANCER TARGETS AND ANTIBODIES THERETO

A glycan having the structure galβ1-3GLcNacβ1-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (LecLe) which is attached to a lipid or protein backbone, and isolated binding members capable of binding thereto. 1. A glycan having the structure galβ1-3GLcNacβ1-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc (LecLe) which is attached to a lipid or protein backbone.2. An isolated specific binding member capable of binding LecLe.3. An isolated specific binding member capable of binding LecLe , LeLe , Di-Le , Lecontaining glycans and Lecontaining glycans and directly inducing cell death without the need for immune effector cells.42a.. An isolated specific binding member of comprising one or more binding domains selected from the amino acid sequence of residues 27 to 38 (CDRH1) claim 3 , 56-65 (CDRH2) and 105 to 121 (CDRH3) of or52a.. A binding member of claim 4 , wherein the binding domain comprises the amino acid sequence of residues 105 to 121 (CDRH3) of or6. A binding member of or claim 4 , wherein the binding domain or domains are carried by a human antibody framework.72a.. A binding member of any of to claim 4 , comprising the amino acid sequence of residues 1 to 133 (VH) of or8. A binding member of any of to claim 4 , comprising a human antibody constant region.92b.. An isolated specific binding member of any of to comprising one or more binding domains selected from the amino acid sequence of residues 27 to 38 (CDRL1) claim 4 , 56-65 (CDRL2) and 105 to 121 (CDRL3) of or102b.. A binding member of claim 9 , wherein the binding domain comprises the amino acid sequence of residues 105 to 121 (CDRL3) of or11. A binding member of or wherein the binding domain or domains are carried by a human antibody framework.122b.. A binding member of any of to claim 9 , comprising the sequence of residues 1 to 123 (VL) of or1322ab.. A binding member comprising residues 1 to 133 (VH) of the amino acid sequence of or claim 9 , and residues 1 to 123 (VL) of the amino acid sequence of or14. A binding member of any of to claim 9 , ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUGAR FATTY ACID ESTER BY TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION

The invention provides a method for producing a sugar fatty acid ester characterized in that a fatty acid ester and a saccharide are allowed to react and transesterified using a weakly basic ion exchanger having a pKof 3 to 7 as a catalyst. 1. A method for producing a sugar fatty acid ester , characterized in that a fatty acid ester and a saccharide are subjected to a transesterification reaction using a weakly basic solid catalyst.2. The method for producing a sugar fatty acid ester according to claim 1 , wherein the weakly basic solid catalyst is a weakly basic anion exchanger.3. The method for a sugar fatty acid ester according to claim 2 , wherein the weakly basic anion exchanger has a pKof 3 to 7.4. The method for producing a sugar fatty acid ester according to claim 2 , wherein the weakly basic anion exchanger is a porous-type weakly basic anion exchange resin.5. The method for producing a sugar fatty acid ester according to claim 1 , comprising a step of adsorbing a saccharide onto a weakly basic solid catalyst (adsorption step) and a step of subjecting the saccharide and a fatty acid ester to a transesterification reaction to synthesize a sugar fatty acid ester (synthesis step).6. The method for producing a sugar fatty acid ester according to claim 5 , wherein the adsorption step is a step in which a solution containing a saccharide is supplied to a weakly basic solid catalyst claim 5 , thereby adsorbing the saccharide onto the weakly basic solid catalyst.7. The method for producing a sugar fatty acid ester according to claim 5 , wherein the synthesis step is a step in which a reaction liquid containing a fatty acid ester is supplied to the weakly basic solid catalyst having the saccharide adsorbed thereon in the adsorption step claim 5 , thereby synthesizing a sugar fatty acid ester.8. The method for producing a sugar fatty acid ester according to claim 7 , wherein the reaction liquid containing a fatty acid ester contains a saccharide.8. The method for ...

ISOPROPYLMALATE SYNTHASE FROM NICOTIANA TABACUM AND METHODS AND USES THEREOF

The present invention relates to a mutant, non-naturally occurring or transgenic plant cell comprising: (i) at least one polynucleotide comprising, consisting or consisting essentially of a sequence encoding an isopropylmalate synthase and having at least 60% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO: 12 or SEQ ID NO:14; or (ii) a polypeptide encoded by said polynucleotide(s); or (iii) a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:15; or (iv) a construct, vector or expression vector comprising said polynucleotide sequence(s), optionally wherein said construct, vector or expression vector additionally comprises a promoter comprising, consisting or consisting essentially of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8 or a variant thereof with at least about 60% identity thereto or a trichome promoter. 1. A mutant , non-naturally occurring or transgenic plant cell comprising:(i) at least one polynucleotide comprising, consisting or consisting essentially of a sequence encoding an isopropylmalate synthase and having at least 60% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1 or SEQ ID NO:10 or SEQ ID NO: 12 or SEQ ID NO:14; or(ii) a polypeptide encoded by said polynucleotide(s); or(iii) a polypeptide having at least 60% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:11 or SEQ ID NO:13 or SEQ ID NO:15; or(iv) a construct, vector or expression vector comprising said polynucleotide sequence(s), optionally wherein said construct, vector or expression vector additionally comprises a promoter comprising, consisting or consisting essentially of the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:8 or a variant thereof with at least about 60% identity thereto or a trichome promoter or a naturally occurring isopropylmalate synthase promoter.2. A mutant claim 1 , non-naturally occurring or transgenic plant comprising the plant cell according to .3. A method for modulating the quantity or type of sucrose esters in at least a part of ...

Biosynthesis Of Human Milk Oligosaccharides In Engineered Bacteria

The invention provides compositions and methods for engineering bacteria to produce fucosylated oligosaccharides, and the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of infection.

FATTY ACID POLYESTER DERIVATIVES OF POLYGLYCOSIDES

Fatty acid polyester derivatives of polyglycosides formed from a polyol having between 2 and 10 hydroxy functions, the 2 hydroxy functions or at least 2 of these hydroxy functions being bound to the anomeric carbon of a reducing carbohydrate that is identical or different for each hydroxy group and selected from the monosaccharides and disaccharides, in which at least one of the other hydroxy groups of the monosaccharide or the disaccharide is esterified by a lipid derivative bearing at least one double bond optionally originating from a vegetable or animal oil, from a mixture of vegetable or animal oils, the double bond or the at least one of the double bonds of the lipid derivative being functionalized by a group selected from the epoxy, amine, alcohol and acid groups, and use thereof in particular in reaction formulations for the production of polymer materials. 1. Fatty acid polyester derivatives of polyglycosides comprising: a polyol comprising between 2 and 10 hydroxy functions , the 2 hydroxy functions or at least 2 of these hydroxy functions being bound to the anomeric carbon of a reducing carbohydrate that is identical or different for each hydroxy group and selected from the monosaccharides and disaccharides , in which at least one of the other hydroxy groups of said monosaccharide or of said disaccharide is esterified by a lipid derivative bearing at least one double bond optionally originating from a vegetable or animal oil of from a mixture of vegetable or animal oils , the double bond or the at least one of the double bonds of said lipid derivative being functionalized by a group selected from the epoxy , amine , alcohol and acid groups.3. The derivatives according to claim 1 , characterized in that X is a chemical structure bearing hydroxy groups of a polyol selected from glycerol claim 1 , xylitol claim 1 , phloroglucinol claim 1 , erythritol claim 1 , pentaerythritol claim 1 , dipentaerythritol claim 1 , arabitol claim 1 , ribitol claim 1 , sorbitol ...

GLA Monotherapy for use in Cancer Treatment

The present disclosure relates generally to compositions and methods for treating cancer with a glucopyranosyl lipid A (GLA) in the absence of antigen. 2. The method of wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rare undecyl and Rand Rare tridecyl.3. The method of any of or wherein the mammal is human.4. The method of any of - claim 1 , wherein the composition is an aqueous formulation.5. The method of any of - claim 1 , wherein the composition is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion claim 1 , a water-in-oil emulsion claim 1 , liposome claim 1 , micellar formulation claim 1 , or a microparticle.6. The method of any of - claim 1 , wherein the cancer comprises a solid tumor.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solid tumor is a carcinoma claim 6 , a sarcoma or a lymphoma.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solid tumor is a primary solid tumor.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solid tumor is a secondary solid tumor.10. The method of any of - claim 6 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of claim 6 , melanoma claim 6 , Merkel cell carcinoma claim 6 , lung cancer claim 6 , cervical cancer claim 6 , ovarian cancer claim 6 , uterine cancer claim 6 , breast cancer claim 6 , liver cancer claim 6 , gastric cancer claim 6 , prostate cancer claim 6 , colon cancer claim 6 , kidney cancer claim 6 , bladder cancer claim 6 , brain cancer claim 6 , and pancreatic cancer.11. The method of any of - claim 6 , wherein the composition is administered by subcutaneous claim 6 , intradermal claim 6 , intramuscular claim 6 , intratumoral claim 6 , or intravenous injection.12. The method of any of - claim 6 , wherein the composition is administered intranasally or intrapulmonary.13. The method of any of - claim 6 , wherein the composition is administered in conjunction with one or more additional therapeutic agents or treatments.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the therapeutic agents is an immune checkpoint inhibitor.15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the ...

Neuraminidase Inhibitor Compounds, Compositions and Methods for the Use Thereof in Anti-Viral Treatments

Compounds having a structure of Formula I and compositions comprising these compounds are provided. Uses of such compounds and compositions are provided for treatment or prophylaxis of viral infection. In particular, compounds and compositions may be for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of viral influenza. 3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein T is COOH or COOR claim 1 ,{'sup': '1', 'sub': '1-20', 'claim-text': {'sub': 2', '3', '2, 'wherein the optional substituent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of: oxo, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, NH, CN, SH, SOH and NO.'}, 'wherein Ris a Clinear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted alkyl group,'}4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein T is C(O)OCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCHCHCHCH claim 1 , C(O)OCHCHCHCHCHCHCHCH claim 1 , or COOH.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: F claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , OH claim 1 , CN claim 1 , and NO.6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of: F claim 1 , C claim 1 , and OR claim 1 ,{'sup': '3', 'sub': '1-20', 'claim-text': {'sub': 2', '3', '2, 'wherein the optional substituent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of: oxo, OH, F, Cl, Br, I, NH, CN, SH, SOH and NO.'}, 'wherein Ris a Clinear, branched or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted alkyl group,'}7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is F or Cl.8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A is F.9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein D is selected from the group consisting of: H claim 1 , F claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , OH claim 1 , CN claim 1 , and NO claim 1 , provided A and D are not both H.10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein D is selected from the group consisting of: H claim 1 , F claim 1 , and Cl claim 1 , provided A and D are not both H.11. The compound of claim ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MAKING ANTIBODIES AND ANTIBODY DERIVATIVES WITH REDUCED CORE FUCOSYLATION

The invention provides methods and compositions for preparing antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation. 195-. (canceled)96. A population of humanized anti-CD70 antibodies , wherein the antibodies each comprise:{'sub': H', 'H', 'H, '(i) a humanized heavy chain comprising the three CDRs from SEQ ID NO:1 and a variable region framework sequence of human germline V1-2 or V1-18 and exon J-6, provided that any of positions H46, H67, H68, H69, H70, H71, H80, H81, H82, H82A and H91 (Kabat numbering) can be occupied by the amino acid occupying the corresponding position from SEQ ID NO:1,'}{'sub': κ', 'κ', 'κ, '(ii) a humanized light chain comprising the three CDRs from SEQ ID NO:2 and a variable region framework sequence of human germline Vexon B3 and Jexon J1, provided that any of positions L25 and L33 can be occupied by the amino acid occupying the corresponding position from SEQ ID NO:2, and'}(iii) an Fc domain, wherein at least 50% of the antibodies in the population of antibodies lack core fucosylation.97. The population of antibodies of claim 96 , wherein at least 70% of the antibodies in the population of antibodies lack core fucosylation.98. The population of antibodies of claim 96 , wherein position H46 of the antibodies is occupied by the amino acid occupying the corresponding position from SEQ ID NO:1.99. The population of antibodies of claim 96 , wherein at least one of positions H46 claim 96 , H67 claim 96 , H68 claim 96 , H69 claim 96 , H70 claim 96 , H71 claim 96 , H80 claim 96 , H81 claim 96 , H82 claim 96 , H82A and H91 (Kabat numbering) in the humanized heavy chain variable region of the antibodies is occupied by the residue occupying the corresponding position in SEQ ID NO:1.100. The population of antibodies of claim 96 , wherein at least one of positions L25 and L33 in the humanized light chain variable region of the antibodies is occupied by the residue occupying the corresponding position in SEQ ID NO:2.101. The population of ...

SUBSTITUTED-6,8-DIOXABICYCLO[3.2.1]OCTANE-2,3-DIOL COMPOUNDS AS TARGETING AGENTS OF ASGPR

Compounds of Formula (A) are described herein and the uses thereof for the treatment of diseases, conditions and/or disorders mediated by pharmaceutical compositions and the uses thereof as asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) targeting agents. 3. The compound of or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof , wherein Ris —X—Y and Ris —NH—C(O)—CH.4. The compound of or or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof , wherein the compound of Formula (A) is capable of binding to a receptor present on a hepatocyte.5. The compound of or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof claim 4 , wherein the receptor present on a hepatocyte is an asialoglycoprotein receptor.6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a compound of ; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and (ii) a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient claim 5 , diluent claim 5 , or carrier.7. The composition of wherein said compound or said therapeutically acceptable salt thereof is present in a therapeutically effective amount. The present invention relates to substituted-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3-diol derivatives, crystal structures, pharmaceutical compositions and the uses thereof as asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) targeting agents.Drug delivery is a serious issue for certain molecular entities and for certain delivery sites. For example, delivery of large molecules, such as an antisense or RNAi molecules, is difficult as such compounds are generally not able to penetrate cell membranes. Moreover, molecular entities that are highly negatively charged and hydrophilic can have restricted diffusion across cell membranes. Furthermore, selective drug delivery to targeted delivery sites is often a challenge because molecules which are cell permeable are often not selective. One solution to cell diffusion and targeted delivery is drug conjugation to targeting agents.Targeting agents often enhance pharmaceutical attributes including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Targeting agents ...

Prodrugs of Chlorokynurenines

The present disclosure relates to prodrugs of 7-chlorokynurenic acid. In certain embodiments, the prodrugs include those having the structure of any one of formula (I)-(VIII), wherein R-R, monomer 1, monomer 2, and linker are defined herein. Also provided are methods of preparing and using these prodrugs. 4. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Ris optionally substituted Calkyl optionally substituted with optionally substituted aryl claim 2 , Calkyl substituted with optionally substituted heterocyclyl claim 2 , or optionally substituted aryl.5. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Ris alkylene glycol optionally substituted by C(O)aryl claim 2 , Calkyl claim 2 , phenyl claim 2 , —P(O)(OH) claim 2 , —P(O)(OH)(OCalkyl) claim 2 , or —S(O)OH.6. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Ris H.7. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Ris Calkyl or Calkoxy.10. The compound of claim 11 , wherein Ris Calkyl claim 11 , Calkoxy claim 11 , or optionally substituted arylCalkyleneoxyl.11. The compound of claim 11 , wherein Ris optionally substituted Ccycloalkyl claim 11 , optionally substituted aryl claim 11 , optionally substituted heteroaryl claim 11 , or optionally substituted heterocyclyl.12. The compound of claim 11 , wherein Ris —NH claim 11 , —NHCalkyl claim 11 , or —N(Calkyl).13. The compound of claim 11 , wherein Ris H or optionally substituted Calkyl.16. The compound of claim 18 , wherein said peptide moiety comprises 2 to about 4 amino acids.18. The compound of claim 1 , wherein one or more H is replaced with H claim 1 , one or more C is replaced with C claim 1 , or one or more N is replaced with N.19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.20. A method of treating a neurodegenerative disorder claim 1 , enhancing learning claim 1 , memory claim 1 , or cognition claim 1 , treating a condition caused by neurological dysfunction claim 1 , treating depression claim 1 , treating hyperalgesia or reducing a L-DOPA associated dyskinesia ...

LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION OF DMF

The present invention relates to a method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method includes steps of: 1. A method for the chlorination of a sucrose-6-acylate to produce a 4 ,1′ ,6′-trichloro-4 ,1′ ,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate wherein said method comprises:(i) combining the sucrose-6-acylate with a chlorinating agent in a reaction vehicle comprising a tertiary amide to afford a mixture;(ii) heating said mixture for a heating period in order to provide chlorination of sucrose-6-acylate at the 4, 1′ and 6′ positions thereof to produce a product stream of (ii); and(iii) quenching the product stream of (ii) to produce the 4,1′,6′-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxy-galactosucrose-6-acylate;wherein before said quenching, a step of removing a portion of said tertiary amide by extraction into an extraction solvent in which said tertiary amide is soluble is performed.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said portion of said tertiary amide is removed after step (i) and before step (ii).3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said portion of said tertiary amide is removed after step (ii) and before step (iii).4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein during said extraction claim 1 , carbohydrates present during or after said reacting of step (i) are not extracted into said extraction solvent.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said extraction solvent is a hydrocarbon.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said extraction solvent is an alkane.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said alkane comprises from 5 to 7 carbon atoms.8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said alkane is straight chain or cyclic.9. The method according to claim 5 , wherein said extraction solvent is cyclohexane.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said tertiary amide is N claim 1 ,N-dimethylformamide.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said ...

Novel Process for the Recovery of Beta Acetylfuranoside

There is provided an improved method for the recovery of residual, unseparated β-ACF from reaction mixtures remaining from an initial synthesis of ACF, which is in particular usable on a large industrial scale, more particularly in the production of capecitabine.