METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING POLYMERIC PIEZOELECTRIC FILM AND POLYMERIC PIEZOELECTRIC FILM

A method for producing a polymer piezoelectric film, comprising: a process of moving and stretching a crystalline polar polymer sheet in contact with a conductive stretching roller having a diameter of at least 30 mm and a surface friction coefficient which has been reduced to such a level as to allow a relative displacement of the crystalline polar polymer sheet in contact with the conductive stretching roller: and a step in the process of applying a polarization voltage between an electrode disposed opposite to the crystalline polar polymer sheet and the conductive stretching roller to polarize the crystalline polar polymer sheet. As a result, it is possible to stably produce a polymer piezoelectric film exhibiting stable piezoelectricity over a large area. Especially, it is possible to obtain polymer piezoelectric film exhibiting a temperature-dispersion peak temperature of dpiezoelectricity coefficient at at least 120° C. and surface scratches extending in one direction. 110-. (canceled)11. A polymer piezoelectric film , exhibiting a temperature-dispersion peak temperature of dpiezoelectricity coefficient at at least 120° C. , and surface scratches extending in one direction.12. The polymer piezoelectric film according to claim 11 , exhibiting the temperature-dispersion peak temperature of dpiezoelectricity coefficient at at least 120° C. over an area thereof covering a full width in a direction perpendicular to a direction of developing the dpiezoelectricity coefficient and a length of at least 1 m in the direction of developing the dpiezoelectricity coefficient.13. The polymer piezoelectric film according to claim 11 , exhibiting a dpiezoelectricity coefficient distribution giving an average of 15-35 pC/N and a local deviation thereof within ±20% or less from the average.14. The polymer piezoelectric film according to claim 11 , comprising a polyvinylidene fluoride resin. The present invention relates to a method for stably producing a polymer piezoelectric ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE FINE POWDER

A process for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder including: (1) a step of preparing an aqueous dispersion containing polytetrafluoroethylene, water and a surfactant (A); (2) a step of initiating coagulation of the polytetrafluoroethylene in said aqueous dispersion by agitating said aqueous dispersion; (3) a step of adding a surfactant (B) after the step (2); (4) a step of terminating coagulation after the step (3); (5) a step of collecting a wet powder of the polytetrafluoroethylene; and (6) a step of drying the wet powder of the polytetrafluoroethylene. 1. A process for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder ,the process comprising:(1) a step of preparing an aqueous dispersion containing polytetrafluoroethylene, water and a surfactant (A);(2) a step of initiating coagulation of the polytetrafluoroethylene in said aqueous dispersion by agitating said aqueous dispersion;(3) a step of adding a surfactant (B) after the step (2);(4) a step of terminating coagulation after the step (3);(5) a step of collecting a wet powder of the polytetrafluoroethylene; and(6) a step of drying the wet powder of the polytetrafluoroethylene.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the surfactant (B) is a nonionic surfactant.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the step (3) claim 1 , 1 ppm to 10% by mass of the surfactant (B) is added to the polymer in the aqueous dispersion.4. A polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder obtained by the process according to .5. A polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder consisting of a TFE homopolymer claim 1 , wherein a standard specific gravity is 2.160 to 2.230; average particle size is 300 to 800 μm; apparent density is 0.40 to 0.52 g/ml; compression ratio is 1.20 or less; and aggregate disintegration degree with 50-sec vibration is 60% or more.6. A polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder consisting of a TFE homopolymer claim 1 , wherein a standard specific gravity is 2.130 to 2.160 claim 1 , average particle size is ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING NOVEL COPOLYMERS WITH A FLUOROPOLYMER BACKBONE COMPRISING POLYOXYALKYLENE PENDANT CHAINS

The invention relates to novel copolymers and to an associated preparation method, comprising recurrent units bearing a pendant chain of the polyoxyalkylene type. 115.-. (canceled)17. The method according to claim 16 , wherein at least two of the groups Rto Rrepresent fluorine atoms.18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein Rand Rrepresent a hydrogen atom and Rand Rrepresent a fluorine atom.19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein W is a polyoxyethylene group.20. The method according to claim 16 , wherein Rrepresents a perfluoroalkyl group and Rrepresents an alkyl group.21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein Rrepresents a group —CF.22. The method according to claim 16 , wherein Rand Rrepresent a hydrogen atom.24. The copolymer according to claim 23 , wherein at least two of the groups Rto Rrepresent fluorine atoms.25. The copolymer according to claim 23 , wherein Rand Rrepresent a hydrogen atom and Rand Rrepresent a fluorine atom.26. The copolymer according to claim 23 , wherein W is a polyoxyethylene group.27. The copolymer according to claim 23 , wherein Rrepresents a perfluoroalkyl group and Rrepresents an alkyl group.28. The copolymer according to claim 27 , wherein Rrepresents a group —CF.29. The copolymer according to claim 23 , wherein Rand Rrepresent a hydrogen atom. The present invention relates to a method for preparing a copolymer comprising at least two recurrent unit types: a recurrent unit stemming from the polymerization of at least one monomer comprising one or more fluorine atoms and a recurrent unit stemming from the polymerization of at least one specific monomer comprising a polyoxyalkylene type pendant chain, to the copolymers which may be obtained by this method, to the specific monomers entering the application of this method and to a method for preparing said monomers.The relevant copolymers because of the coexistence of these two types of recurrent units give the possibility of accessing a synergy of properties, whether ...

Composite polymerization initiator and polymer brush composite obtained therefrom

Composite polymerization initators are disclosed suitable to prepare polymer brush composites. 1. A composite polymerization initiator comprising groups of formula (1) covalently anchored to the surface of a solid substrate:{'br': None, 'sub': n', '2', 'B1', '2, '-(L)-CR—B(R)\u2003\u2003(1)'}{'sub': 1', '15', 'B1', '1', '20', '5', '10', 'B1', 'B1', '2, 'wherein L is a linker group, n is equal to 0 or 1; each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C-Clinear or branched alkyl group, optionally comprising heteroatoms; and wherein each Ris independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C-Clinear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, C-Caromatic group, optionally fluorinated; each group Rmay be comprised in an, optionally substituted, aliphatic or aromatic cyclic structure; and wherein said —B(R)may be an aliphatic bicyclic borane radical wherein both boron-carbon bonds are part of a cyclic structure.'}2. A method for the preparation of the composite initiator of comprising the steps of: (a) providing a solid substrate comprising surface reactive groups GSR; said{'sub': 2', 'B1', '2', '2', 'B1', '2', 'B1', '2', 'B2', 'B1', 'B2', '1', '5, 'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(b) reacting the solid substrate with a compound comprising one functional group X capable of forming a covalent bond with the substrate surface by reaction with the surface reactive groups GSR, and at least one functional group either comprising a moiety of formula —CR—B(R)or capable of forming a moiety —CR—B(R)by reaction with an organoborane of formula B(R)R, wherein R and Rare as defined in and Ris selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, said C-Clinear or branched alkyl.'}3. The method according to comprising the step of reacting the solid substrate with a linker compound of formula X-(L′)-Ycomprising one functional group [X] capable of forming a covalent bond with the substrate surface by reaction with the surface reactive groups ...

MELT-FLOWABLE FLUOROPOLYMER COMPRISING REPEATING UNITS ARISING FROM TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE AND A HYDROCARBON MONOMER HAVING A FUNCTIONAL GROUP AND A POLYMERIZABLE CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND

Disclosed is a melt-flowable fluoropolymer comprising repeating units arising from (a) tetrafluoroethylene and (b) a monomer having at least one functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, wherein the sum of the weight percent of (a) and (b) comprises at least about 99 weight percent of all repeating units comprising the melt-flowable fluoropolymer. 1. A melt-flowable fluoropolymer comprising repeating units arising from:(a) tetrafluoroethylene; and(b) a hydrocarbon monomer having at least one functional group and a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond; wherein the sum of the weight percent of said (a) and said (b) comprises at least about 99 weight percent of all repeating units comprising said melt-flowable fluoropolymer, and wherein the amount of said repeating units arising from said (b) is about 0.001 to about 1 weight percent.2. The melt-flowable fluoropolymer of claim 1 , wherein said at least one functional group is at least one selected from the group consisting of amine claim 1 , amide claim 1 , carboxyl claim 1 , hydroxyl claim 1 , phosphonate claim 1 , sulfonate claim 1 , nitrile claim 1 , boronate and epoxide.3. The melt-flowable fluoropolymer of claim 1 , wherein said at least one functional group is a dicarboxylic acid anhydride.4. The melt-flowable fluoropolymer of claim 1 , wherein said at least one functional group is a dicarboxylic acid.5. The melt-flowable fluoropolymer of claim 1 , further comprising about 1 weight percent or less of repeating units arising from a fluoromonomer other than tetrafluoroethylene.6. The melt-flowable fluoropolymer of claim 5 , wherein said fluoromonomer other than tetrafluoroethylene is at least one selected from the group consisting of chlorotrifluoroethylene claim 5 , hexafluoropropylene claim 5 , perfluoro-2 claim 5 ,2-dimethyl-1 claim 5 ,3-dioxole claim 5 , perfluoro-2-methylene-4-methyl-1 claim 5 ,3-dioxolane claim 5 , perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) claim 5 , perfluoro(ethyl vinyl ether) ...

CURABLE COMPOSITION, MOLDED ARTICLE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MOLDED ARTICLE

The present invention aims to provide a curable composition excellent in storage stability and scorch resistance. The present invention provides a curable composition including a fluoroelastomer (A) that contains a cyano group in a main chain and/or a side chain thereof, and a compound (B) that is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and a hydrazide compound, the compound (B) having at least one structure selected from the group consisting of azo structure, hydrazine structure, and imine structure, and producing NHwhen decomposed. 1. A curable composition comprisinga fluoroelastomer (A) that contains a cyano group in a main chain and/or a side chain thereof, anda compound (B) that is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an amide compound and a hydrazide compound,{'sub': '3', 'the compound (B) having at least one structure selected from the group consisting of azo structure, hydrazine structure, and imine structure, and producing NHwhen decomposed.'}2. The curable composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the compound (B) has a decomposition temperature of 180° C. to 300° C.3. The curable composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the curable composition contains 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of the compound (B) for each 100 parts by weight of the fluoroelastomer (A).5. A molded product produced by cross-linking the curable composition according to .6. A method for producing a molded product claim 1 , comprising the steps of{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'primarily vulcanizing the curable composition according to , and'}secondary vulcanizing the primarily vulcanized curable composition.7. The method for producing a molded product according to claim 6 ,wherein the primary vulcanization is performed at a temperature of 140° C. to 230° C., and the secondary vulcanization is performed at a temperature of 200° C. to 320° C. This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYMER

Provided is a method for producing a fluoropolymer in the presence of a specific non-fluorinated compound having surface activity. The method shows a high polymerization rate, and suppresses formation of sticking polymerization materials after production of a polymer product. The method includes aqueous dispersion polymerization of a fluoroolefin in the presence of a compound (1) represented by formula (1): 2. The method for producing a fluoropolymer according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2, 'wherein in the above formula (1), Rand Rare the same as each other, and represent a C4 to C12 non-fluorinated alkyl group.'}3. The method for producing a fluoropolymer according to claim 1 ,wherein the compound (1) is sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or sodium didecyl sulfosuccinate.4. The method for producing a fluoropolymer according to claim 1 ,wherein the aqueous dispersion polymerization of a fluoroolefin is carried out together with a non-fluorinated vinyl monomer and a non-fluorinated monomer having a crosslinkable group.5. The method for producing a fluoropolymer according to claim 1 ,wherein the fluoroolefin is at least one selected from the group consisting of vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.6. The method for producing a fluoropolymer according to claim 1 ,wherein the fluoroolefin is at least one selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene.7. The method for producing a fluoropolymer according to claim 4 ,wherein the non-fluorinated vinyl monomer is at least one selected from the group consisting of olefins, vinyl ethers, and vinyl esters.8. The method for producing a fluoropolymer according to claim 4 ,wherein the non-fluorinated monomer having a crosslinkable group is a hydroxy group-containing vinyl monomer or an unsaturated carboxylic acid.9. The method for producing a ...

AQUEOUS POLYMERIZATION OF FLUORINATED MONOMER USING A MIXTURE OF FLUOROPOLYETHER ACIDS OR SALTS

A composition comprising a mixture of fluoropolyether acids or salts having a number average value of about 800 to about 2500 g/mol. The amount of fluoropolyether acids or salt in the mixture having a molecular weight of not more than 500 g/mol is not more than 50 ppm by weight of the total amount of fluoropolyether acids or salts in the mixture. The amount of fluoropolyether acids or salts in the mixture having a molecular weight of 2500 g/mol or greater is not more than 40% by weight of the total amount of fluoropolyether acids or salts in the mixture. Preferably the fluoropolyether acids or salts comprise an anionic group selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfonamide anion and phosphonate. Also disclosed is an aqueous dispersion polymerization process for fluoropolymer manufacture employing polymerization agent comprising the specified mixture of fluoropolyether acids or salts. 1. A composition comprising a mixture of fluoropolyether acids or salts having a number average molecular weight of about 800 to about 2500 g/mol; wherein the amount of fluoropolyether acids or salt in said mixture having a molecular weight of not more than 500 g/mol is not more than 50 ppm by weight of the total amount of fluoropolyether acids or salts in said mixture; wherein the amount of fluoropolyether acids or salts in said mixture having a molecular weight of 2500 g/mol or greater is not more than 40% by weight of the total amount of fluoropolyether acids or salts in said mixture; and wherein the amount of fluoropolyether acids or salts in said mixture having a molecular weight of 3000 g/mol or greater is not more than 10% by weight of the total amount of fluoropolyether acids or salts in said mixture.2. The composition of wherein said fluoropolyether acids or salts comprise an anionic group selected from the group consisting of carboxylate claim 1 , sulfonate claim 1 , sulfonamide anion and phosphonate.3. The composition of wherein at least about 50% by ...

MANGANESE CATALYZED PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF FLUORINATED MONOMERS

The disclosure discloses initiating systems for the radical polymerization of alkenes, and especially fluorine substituted alkenes. The polymerization is catalyzed by a metal carbonyl, preferably manganese carbonyl. The polymerization is initiated directly from alkyl halides at room temperature under visible white light. The polymers also allow the synthesis of block copolymers. The process comprises polymerizing at least one alkene monomer in the presence of a halide radical initiator, carbonyl catalyst and a solvent, under reaction conditions and for a time sufficient to polymerize the at least one alkene monomer to form a polymer. The present disclosure provides a method for living polymerization of alkene monomers which provides a high level of macromolecular control over the polymerization process and which leads to uniform and controllable polymeric products. This disclosure also provides a method for activating any halide (Cl, Br, I) chain ends of such polymers for the synthesis of block copolymerizations. 1. A polymer comprised of fluorinated monomer said polymer having a PDI of less than about 3.2. A polymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the PDI is less than about 2.5.3. A polymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the PDI is less than about 1.5.4. A polymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the Mis greater than about 100.5. A polymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the Mis greater than about 500.6. A copolymer comprised of fluorinated monomer and at least one other monomer that can be polymerized by radical activation claim 1 , said copolymer having a PDI of less than about 3.7. A copolymer as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the PDI is less than about 2.5.8. A copolymer as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the PDI is less than about 1.5.9. A copolymer as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the copolymer is a block copolymer.10. A copolymer as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the copolymer is a block copolymer comprised of at least a second fluorinated monomer.11. A method for ...

FREE RADICAL AND CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES USING HYPERVALENT IODIDE RADICAL INITIATORS

A process is described comprising polymerizing at least one unsaturated monomer (e.g., fluorine substituted alkene monomer) in the presence of a hypervalent iodide radical initiator and a solvent, under reaction conditions and for a time sufficient to polymerize the at least one unsaturated monomer to form a polymer. The present disclosure provides a method for living polymerization of unsaturated monomers (e.g., fluorine substituted alkene monomers), which provides a high level of macromolecular control over the polymerization process and which leads to uniform and controllable polymeric products. The present disclosure also provides a method of functionalization of organic substrates with a CFor perfluoro (R) group. 1. A process comprising polymerizing at least one unsaturated monomer in the presence of a hypervalent iodide radical initiator and optionally a solvent , under reaction conditions and for a time sufficient to polymerize the at least one unsaturated monomer to form a polymer.2. A process comprising polymerizing at least one unsaturated monomer in the presence of a hypervalent iodide radical initiator comprising (CFCOO)IPh or (RCOO)IPh and optionally a solvent , under reaction conditions and for a time sufficient to polymerize the at least one unsaturated monomer to form a polymer which contains CFor perfluoro (R) groups as a chain ends.3. The process of wherein the at least one unsaturated monomer comprises at least one fluorine substituted alkene monomer claim 1 , fluorine substituted acrylic acid derivative monomer claim 1 , fluorine substituted styrene derivative monomer claim 1 , and/or fluorine substituted vinyl ether monomer.4. The process of wherein a CF— or perfluoro (R—) group is incorporated into a molecule using the (CFCOO)IPh or (RCOO)IPh hypervalent iodide radical initiator.5. The process of wherein the at least one unsaturated monomer comprises vinylidene fluoride (VDF) claim 1 , hexafluoropropene claim 1 , tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , ...

METHOD OF FORMING THIN FILM

A vinylidene fluoride homopolymer represented by the formula (4): 124.-. (canceled)25. A vinylidene fluoride homopolymer represented by the formula (4):{'br': None, 'sub': '3', 'sup': '1', 'CF-(A)—I\u2003\u2003(4)'}{'sup': '1', 'wherein Arepresents a structural unit of vinylidene fluoride homopolymer which comprises crystal form I alone or as main component and has a number average degree of polymerization of 5 to 12.'}26. (canceled)27. (canceled)28. The vinylidene fluoride homopolymer of claim 25 , wherein the vinylidene fluoride homopolymer comprises crystal form I alone or as main component and when attention is given to proportions of the respective vinylidene fluoride homopolymers having crystal form I claim 25 , II or III which are calculated by IR analysis claim 25 , the proportion of vinylidene fluoride homopolymers having crystal form I satisfies both of (Equation 1):{'br': None, 'i': I', 'I', 'II, '100≧-form/(-form+-form)≧50% by weight\u2003\u2003(Equation 1)'}{'br': None, 'and (Equation 2){'br': None, 'i': I', 'I', 'III, '100≧-form/(-form+-form)≧50% by weight\u2003\u2003(Equation 2).'}29. (canceled)30. The vinylidene fluoride homopolymer of claim 28 , wherein the proportion of vinylidene fluoride homopolymers having crystal form I satisfies both of (Equation 3):{'br': None, 'i': I', 'I', 'II, '100≧-form/(-form+-form)≧70% by weight\u2003\u2003(Equation 3)'}{'br': None, 'and (Equation 4){'br': None, 'i': I', 'I', 'III, '100≧-form/(-form+-form)≧70% by weight\u2003\u2003(Equation 4).'}31. (canceled) This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/641,183 filed Dec. 17, 2009, which is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/231,992 filed Sep. 22, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of PCT international application No. PCT/JP2004/004028 filed on Mar. 24, 2004 and which claims benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. JP 2003-86179 filed Mar. 26, 2003 and Japanese Patent Application No. JP 2003-422989 filed Dec. 19, 2003. The above-noted ...

POLYMERIZATION OF FLUORINATED VINYL MONOMERS IN A BIPHASIC REACTION MEDIUM

An improved process for polymerization of a fluorinated vinyl monomer to produce a fluorinated polymer is described. The polymerization process comprises the free radical polymerization of a fluorinated vinyl monomer in a biphasic reaction medium, which comprises an ionic liquid containing a fluorinated vinyl monomer and an aqueous solution comprising a water-soluble free radical initiator. The ionic liquid is used to store quantities of the vinyl monomer, due to the high solubility of the vinyl monomer in the ionic liquid, thereby reducing the pressure required for the polymerization. 2. The process of wherein the anion is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of: [CHCO] claim 1 , [HSO] claim 1 , [CHOSO] claim 1 , [CHOSO] claim 1 , [AlCl] claim 1 , [CO] claim 1 , [HCO] claim 1 , [NO] claim 1 , [NO] claim 1 , [SO] claim 1 , [PO] claim 1 , [HPO] claim 1 , [HPO] claim 1 , [PO] claim 1 , [HPO] claim 1 , [HPO] claim 1 , [HSO] claim 1 , [CUCl] claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , I claim 1 , SCN claim 1 , and a fluorinated anion.3. The process of wherein the fluorinated anion is selected from one or more members of the group consisting of 1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 2-chloro-1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2-trifluoroethanesulfonate; 1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,3 claim 2 ,3 claim 2 ,3-hexafluoropropanesulfonate; 1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethanesulfonate; 1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2-trifluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate; 2-(1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 2-(1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)-1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 2-(1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,2-tetrafluoro-2-iodoethoxy)-1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonate; 1 claim 2 ,1 claim 2 ,2 claim 2 ,2-tetrafluoro-2-(pentafluoroethoxy)ethanesulfonate; N claim 2 ,N-bis(1 claim 2 ...

METHOD FOR OBTAINING A PIEZOELECTRIC LINER FOR A HIGH PRESSURE STORAGE VESSEL

The piezoelectric and barrier liner for a high-pressure storage vessel is made out of PVDF-TrFE copolymer and the amount of crystallinity in the liner material is over 30%, preferably 35% at least. 1. A liner ,wherein the liner is made out of PVDF-TrFE copolymer, andan amount of crystallinity in a material of the liner is over 30%.2. A method for obtaining a polymer film with improved barrier and piezoelectric properties , annealing a film of PVDF-TrFE comprising between 55 and 82 mol % of VDF, for at least 2 hours at a temperature between 120 and 145° C.; and then', 'poling the film., 'the method comprising3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the copolymer comprises between 70 and 80 mol % of VDF.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the copolymer comprises 79 mol % of VDF.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the annealing is carried out for more than 3 hours.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the PVDF-TrFE film is annealed at a temperature between 125 and 140° C.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the poling is carried out using an electrostatic field between 700 and 800 KV/cm.8. A copolymer film obtained by the method of .9. The copolymer film of claim 8 , wherein the copolymer film is suitable as a barrier liner in a high pressure storage vessel.10. The liner of claim 1 , wherein the material of the liner is at least 35%.11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the annealing is carried out for more than 4 hours.12. The method of claim 3 , wherein the PVDF-TrFE film is annealed at a temperature between 125 and 140° C.13. The method of claim 4 , wherein the PVDF-TrFE film is annealed at a temperature between 125 and 140° C.14. The method of claim 5 , wherein the PVDF-TrFE film is annealed at a temperature between 125 and 140° C.15. A copolymer film obtained by the method of .16. A copolymer film obtained by the method of .17. A copolymer film obtained by the method of .18. A copolymer film obtained by the method of .19. A copolymer film obtained by the method of . This ...

OLEFIN BLOCK COPOLYMER

The present description relates to an olefin block copolymer with enhanced processability as well as excellences in elasticity and heat resistance, and a preparation method for the same. The olefin block copolymer includes first and second segments, each containing an ethylene or propylene repeating unit and an α-olefin repeating unit at different mole fractions, where the second segment is dispersed in the form of a closed curve as a dispersed phase on the first segment according to a TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) image. 1. An olefin block copolymer comprising first and second segments , each comprising an ethylene or propylene repeating unit and an α-olefin repeating unit at different mole fractions ,wherein the second segment is dispersed in the form of a closed curve as a dispersed phase on the first segment according to a TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) image.2. The olefin block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the dispersed phase of the second segment shaped in the form of a closed curve has a diameter of 0.3 to 2.0 μm.3. The olefin block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first segment is a hard segment comprising a first mole fraction of the α-olefin repeating unit claim 1 , and the second segment is a soft segment comprising a second mole fraction of the α-olefin repeating unit claim 1 ,wherein the second mole fraction is greater than the first mole fraction.4. The olefin block copolymer as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the mole fraction of the α-olefin repeating unit contained in the entire block copolymer has a value between the first and second mole fractions.5. The olefin block copolymer as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the mole fraction Y (mol. %) of the hard segment and the mole fraction X (mol. %) of the ethylene or propylene repeating unit as contained in the entire block copolymer satisfy Mathematical Formula 1 as follows:{'br': None, 'i': Y−', 'X−, '(100)≧6(100)\u2003\u2003[Mathematical Formula 1]'}6. The olefin ...

Fluoropolymer Resin Treatment Employing Heating and Oxygen Source to Reduce Discoloration

Process for reducing thermally induced discoloration of fluoropolymer resin produced by polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium to form aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and isolating said fluoropolymer from said aqueous medium to obtain said fluoropolymer resin. The process comprises: 1. Process for reducing thermally induced discoloration of fluoropolymer resin , said fluoropolymer resin produced by polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium to form aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and isolating said fluoropolymer from said aqueous medium to obtain said fluoropolymer resin , said process comprising:heating the fluoropolymer resin to a temperature of about 160° C. to about 400° C.; andexposing the heated fluoropolymer resin to an oxygen source.2. The process of wherein said process reduces thermally induced discoloration by at least about 10% as measured by % change in L* on the CIELAB color scale.3. The process of wherein said aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion contains hydrocarbon surfactant which causes said thermally induced discoloration.4. The process of wherein said aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion is polymerized in the presence of hydrocarbon surfactant.5. The process of wherein said heating of fluoropolymer resin is to a temperature of about 200° C. to about 400° C.6. The process of wherein said fluoropolymer resin is melt-processible.7. The process of wherein said exposing of said fluoropolymer resin to oxygen source is carried out with the fluoropolymer resin heated to above its melting point.8. The process of wherein said fluoropolymer resin is PTFE resin.9. The process of wherein said fluoropolymer resin during said heating is under static conditions.10. The process of wherein said fluoropolymer resin during said heating is under dynamic conditions.11. The process of wherein said oxygen source is air claim 1 , oxygen rich gas claim 1 , or ozone-containing gas.12. The process of wherein said oxygen source is oxygen rich gas or ozone containing ...

Drying Wet Fluoropolymer Resin and Exposing to Oxygen Source to Reduce Discoloration

Process for reducing thermally induced discoloration of fluoropolymer resin produced by polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous dispersion medium to form aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and isolating fluoropolymer from said aqueous medium by separating wet fluoropolymer resin from the aqueous medium and drying to produce fluoropolymer resin. The process comprises: 1. Process for reducing thermally induced discoloration of fluoropolymer resin , said fluoropolymer resin produced by polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous dispersion medium to form aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and isolating said fluoropolymer from said aqueous medium by separating wet fluoropolymer resin from the aqueous medium and drying to produce said fluoropolymer resin , said process comprising:exposing said wet fluoropolymer resin to an oxygen source during drying.2. The process of wherein said process reduces thermally induced discoloration by at least about 10% as measured by ° A) change in L* on the CIELAB color scale.3. The process of wherein said aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion contains hydrocarbon surfactant which causes said thermally induced discoloration.4. The process of wherein said aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion is polymerized in the presence of hydrocarbon surfactant.5. The process of wherein said oxygen source is selected from the group consisting of air claim 1 , oxygen rich gas claim 1 , or ozone containing gas.6. The process of wherein said oxygen source is ozone containing gas.7. The process of wherein said wet fluoropolymer resin is separated from said dispersion by coagulating fluoropolymer from the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and filtering to remove the aqueous medium.8. The process of wherein said drying is carried out using drying gas heated to a temperature of about 100° C. to about 300° C.9. The process of wherein said fluoropolymer resin is PTFE resin and said drying is carried out using drying gas heated to a temperature of about 100° C. to about 200° C.10 ...

Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Oxidizing Agent to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration

A process for reducing thermally induced discoloration of fluoropolymer resin produced by polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous dispersion medium to form aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and isolating said fluoropolymer from the aqueous medium to obtain the fluoropolymer resin. The process comprises: 1. Process for reducing thermally induced discoloration of fluoropolymer resin , said fluoropolymer resin produced by polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous dispersion medium to form aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and isolating said fluoropolymer from said aqueous medium to obtain said fluoropolymer resin , said process comprising:exposing the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion to oxidizing agent.2. The process of wherein said process reduces thermally induced discoloration by at least about 10% as measured by % change in L* on the CIELAB color scale.3. The process of wherein said aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion contains hydrocarbon surfactant which causes said thermally induced discoloration.4. The process of wherein said aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion is polymerized in the presence of hydrocarbon surfactant.5. The process of wherein said oxidizing agent is an oxygen source.6. The process of wherein said oxygen source is selected from the group consisting of air claim 4 , oxygen rich gas claim 4 , ozone containing gas and hydrogen peroxide.7. The process of wherein the solids content of said dispersion during said exposing to oxidizing agent is about 2 weight % to about 30 weight %.8. The process of wherein the fluoropolymer resin has an initial thermally induced discoloration value (L) about 4 L units below the L value of equivalent fluoropolymer resin of commercial quality manufactured using ammonium perfluorooctanoate fluorosurfactant.9. The process of further comprising post-treating the fluoropolymer resin.10. The process of wherein said post-treating comprises exposing the fluoropolymer resin to oxidizing agent.11. The process of wherein the reduction of ...

Fluoropolymer Dispersion Treatment Employing Oxidizing Agent to Reduce Fluoropolymer Resin Discoloration

A process for reducing thermally induced discoloration of fluoropolymer resin produced by polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous dispersion medium to form aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and isolating said fluoropolymer from the aqueous medium to obtain the fluoropolymer resin. The process comprises: 1. Process for reducing thermally induced discoloration of fluoropolymer resin , said fluoropolymer resin produced by polymerizing fluoromonomer in an aqueous dispersion medium to form aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion and isolating said fluoropolymer from said aqueous medium to obtain said fluoropolymer resin , said process comprising:exposing the aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion to oxidizing agent.2. The process of wherein said process reduces thermally induced discoloration by at least about 10% as measured by % change in L* on the CIELAB color scale.3. The process of wherein said aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion contains hydrocarbon surfactant which causes said thermally induced discoloration.4. The process of wherein said aqueous fluoropolymer dispersion is polymerized in the presence of hydrocarbon surfactant.5. The process of wherein said oxidizing agent is an oxygen source.6. The process of wherein said oxygen source is selected from the group consisting of air claim 4 , oxygen rich gas claim 4 , ozone containing gas and hydrogen peroxide.7. The process of wherein the solids content of said dispersion during said exposing to oxidizing agent is about 2 weight % to about 30 weight %.8. The process of wherein the fluoropolymer resin has an initial thermally induced discoloration value (L) about 4 L units below the L value of equivalent fluoropolymer resin of commercial quality manufactured using ammonium perfluorooctanoate fluorosurfactant.9. The process of further comprising post-treating the fluoropolymer resin.10. The process of wherein said post-treating comprises exposing the fluoropolymer resin to oxidizing agent.11. The process of wherein the reduction of ...

Expandable TFE Copolymers, Method of Making, and Porous, Expanded Articles Thereof

A true tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymer of the fine powder type is provided, wherein the copolymer contains polymerized comonomer units of at least one comonomer other than TFE in concentrations of at least or exceeding 1.0 weight percent, and which can exceed 5.0 weight percent, wherein the copolymer is expandable, that is, the copolymer may be expanded to produce strong, useful, expanded TFE copolymeric articles having a microstructure of nodes interconnected by fibrils. Articles made from the expandable copolymer may include tapes, membranes, films, fibers, and are suitable in a variety of end applications, including medical devices. 1. An expandable tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymer , said copolymer containing 99.0% or less by weight tetrafluoroethylene monomer units and at least 1.0% by weight of at least one other comonomer other than tetrafluoroethylene , wherein said copolymer exhibits adhesion.2. The expandable tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymer of claim 1 , wherein said adhesion is exhibited after subjecting the copolymer to a temperature at or below about 290° C.3. The expandable tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymer of claim 1 , wherein said copolymer exhibits adhesion after subjecting the copolymer to its first melt transition temperature or above.4. The expandable tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) copolymer of claim 1 , wherein said copolymer exhibits adhesion after subjecting the copolymer to a temperature between its first melt transition temperature and about 290° C.5. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein said at least one other comonomer is an olefin selected from the group consisting of ethylene claim 1 , propylene and isobutylene.6. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein said at least one other comonomer is a fluorinated monomer selected from the group consisting of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) claim 1 , hexafluoro-propylene (HFP) claim 1 , vinylidene fluoride (CFH═CH) claim 1 , vinylidene difluoride (CF═CH) claim 1 , hexafluoroisobutylene(HFIB) claim 1 ...

Perfluoro surfactant and preparation method therefor

A perfluoro surfactant and a preparation method therefor. A carbon fluorine bond is not prone to break when the perfluoro surfactant is used as an emulsifier in a fluorine polymer reaction, such that the average molecular weight of a fluorine polymer generated in the fluorine polymer reaction is significantly increased. The preparation method is implemented in a continuous micro-channel reaction system, where the retention time of a reactant in the reaction system can be greatly shortened to few minutes or even seconds, a back-mixing phenomenon in the reaction system can be basically eliminated, and thus the occurrence of a side reaction, an optical coupling reaction, can be greatly reduced. There are reaction stages comprising an ozonization reaction and a photo-oxidation reaction.

PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING FLAME RETARDANTS

A flame-retardant resin composition comprises a base resin (A), such as a polyamide resin, and an aromatic organophosphorus oligomer or polymer. 2. The flame-retardant according to comprising one or more polymers comprising a unit represented by formula (I) claim 1 , or one or more polymers comprising a unit represented by formula (II) wherein m is from 1 to 100 claim 1 ,000.3. The flame retardant according to wherein Rand Rtogether with a group Y form a group R—Y—Rwherein Rand Rare the same or different and each is selected from O-alkyl claim 1 , O-aryl claim 1 , alkyl and aryl claim 1 , and Y is a linking group selected from direct bond claim 1 , alkylene and —O—.4. The flame-retardant according to which comprises one or more compounds comprising a unit represented by formula (Ia) or (II).6. The flame-retardant according to comprising at least one polymer of formula (VIIa) or (VIIb).7. The flame-retardant according to comprising at least one polymer of formula (VIIIa).8. The flame-retardant according to comprising at least one polymer of formula (IXa).9. A flame retardant composition comprising a flame retardant according to and a base resin selected from the group consisting of polyester resins claim 1 , styrenic resins claim 1 , polyamide resins claim 1 , polycarbonate resins claim 1 , vinyl resins claim 1 , olefinic resins claim 1 , acrylic resins claim 1 , epoxy resins claim 1 , blends of two or more of said resins claim 1 , and blends of one or more of said resins with a polyphenylene oxide-series resin.10. The flame retardant composition according to wherein the base resin comprises a polyester resin claim 9 , styrenic resin claim 9 , polyamide resin claim 9 , polycarbonate resin or epoxy resin.11. The flame retardant composition according to wherein the base resin comprises a polyamide resin.12. The flame retardant composition according to wherein the base resin further comprises a glass reinforcing agent.13. The flame retardant composition according to ...

Manufacturing method for low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene, and powder

Provided is a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene less likely to generate C6-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof. The method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene includes: (1) feeding into an airtight container: high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene: and a gas mixture containing an inert gas and oxygen and having an oxygen content relative to the total of the inert gas and oxygen of 1 to 10 vol %; and (2) irradiating the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene to provide low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity at 380° C. of 1.0×102 to 7.0×105 Pa·s.

BINDER, CATHODE MIXTURE AND ANODE MIXTURE

A binder, including a fluoropolymer, the fluoropolymer including a polymerization unit based on vinylidene fluoride and a polymerization unit based on a monomer having an amide group represented by —CO—NRR′ (R and R′ are the same as or different from each other and each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group optionally having a substituent group) or an amide bond represented by —CO—NR″— (R″ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally having a substituent group, or a phenyl group optionally having a substituent group) and having a solution viscosity of 10 to 20,000 mPa·s. Also disclosed is a positive electrode mixture and a negative electrode mixture containing the binder, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a lithium ion secondary cell. 1. A binder , comprising a fluoropolymer ,the fluoropolymer including a polymerization unit based on vinylidene fluoride and a polymerization unit based on a monomer having an amide group represented by —CO—NRR′ (R and R′ are the same as or different from each other and each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group optionally having a substituent group) or an amide bond represented by —CO—NR″— (R″ represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group optionally having a substituent group, or a phenyl group optionally having a substituent group) and having a solution viscosity of 10 to 20,000 mPa·s.2. The binder according to claim 1 ,wherein the fluoropolymer includes the polymerization unit based on a monomer having an amide group or an amide bond in an amount of 0.01 to 3 mol % relative to the amount of all the polymerization units.3. The binder according to claim 1 ,wherein the fluoropolymer further includes a polymerization unit based on tetrafluoroethylene.4. The binder according to claim 3 ,wherein the fluoropolymer includes the polymerization unit based on vinylidene fluoride in an amount of 50 to 90 mol % and the polymerization unit based on tetrafluoroethylene in an amount of 9.9 to 49.9 mol % relative to ...

MOLDED ARTICLE HAVING COOLING-LIQUID-CONTACT SURFACE

A molded product having a surface that is to be in contact with a coolant, the surface being formed of a crosslinked product of an amorphous fluorine-containing elastomer having a glass transition temperature of 25° C. or less, the fluorine-containing elastomer being a copolymer of: vinylidene fluoride; a fluorine-containing monomer represented by formula (1) below: 1. A molded product having a surface that is to be in contact with a coolant , the surface being formed of a crosslinked product of an amorphous fluorine-containing elastomer having a glass transition temperature of 25° C. or less , the fluorine-containing elastomer being a copolymer of:vinylidene fluoride; {'br': None, 'sup': a', 'b, 'CHX═CXRf\u2003\u2003(1)'}, 'a fluorine-containing monomer represented by formula (1) below{'sup': a', 'b, 'wherein one of Xand Xis H, the other thereof is F, and Rf is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and'}another monomer copolymerizable therewith,wherein a molar ratio of units of the vinylidene fluoride to units of the fluorine-containing monomer is 87/13 to 20/80, andunits of the other monomer account for 0 to 50 mol % based on all monomer units, whereinthe fluorine-containing elastomer has an iodine atom or a bromine atom in a total content of 0.01 to 10 wt %, andthe surface of the molded product is to be in contact with a coolant at 100° C. or more when in use.2. (canceled)3. The molded product according to claim 1 , whereinthe coolant comprises an alcohol.4. The molded product according to claim 1 , wherein the molded product is a seal material claim 1 , a tube claim 1 , or a hose.5. The molded product according to claim 1 , for use in a cooling system of an engine claim 1 , a fuel cell claim 1 , or a secondary battery claim 1 , or in a cooling system of equipment used in the field of chemicals claim 1 , medicine claim 1 , food equipment claim 1 , or equipment and parts for energy resource exploration and mining.6. (canceled) The ...

HYPERBRANCHED FLUOROELASTOMER ADDITIVE

The invention pertains to a hyperbranched (per)fluoroelastomer [fluoroelastomer (B)] comprising recurring units derived from a bis-olefin [bis-olefin (OF)] having general formula (I): wherein R, R, R, R, Rand R, equal or different from each other, are H or C-Calkyl; Z is a linear or branched C-Calkylene or cycloalkylene radical, optionally containing oxygen atoms, preferably at least partially fluorinated, or a (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene radical, said fluoroelastomer (B) having a slope in G′ curve such that the ratio: G′/G′is of less than 10, when determined at 260° C. according to ASTM D4440 standard, wherein G′100 is the storage modulus at a shear rate of 100 rad/sec and G′is the storage modulus at a shear rate of 0.01 rad/sec, to compositions comprising the same, and to a process for their manufacture. 3. The fluoroelastomer (B) of claim 2 , comprising recurring units derived from bis-olefin (OF) claim 2 , from tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and from perfluoromethylvinylether (MVE) claim 2 , MVE being generally comprised in an amount of 25 to 45% moles claim 2 , with respect to the sum of recurring units derived from TFE and MVE.5. The fluoroelastomer (B) of claim 1 , possessing a slope in G′ curve as a function of shear rate such that the ratio G′/G′is less than 5 when determined at 260° C. according to ASTM D4440 standard.6. The fluoroelastomer (B) of claim 1 , said fluoroelastomer (B) being characterized by the fact that G′exceeds G″ claim 1 , wherein G′is the storage modulus at shear rate J claim 1 , and G″is the loss modulus at same shear rate J claim 1 , said shear rate being comprised between 0.01 and 100 rad/sec claim 1 , when determined at 260° C. according to ASTM D4440 standard.7. The fluoroelastomer (B) according to claim 1 , possessing in its uncured state a solubility in perfluoroheptane at 50° C. of less than 10 g/l.8. A composition comprising at least one fluoroelastomer (B) according to and at least one (per)fluoroelastomer [fluoroelastomer (A)] ...

FLUOROPOLYMER PRODUCTION METHOD AND FLUOROPOLYMER

A method for producing a fluoropolymer by solution polymerization or dispersion polymerization, the method including: in the presence of an initiator, a chain transfer agent, and a solvent, (i) homopolymerizing tetrafluoroethylene; or (ii) randomly copolymerizing tetrafluoroethylene and at least one of a monomer represented by the following formula (1) or a monomer represented by the following formula (2). The chain transfer agent includes at least one selected from dithioester compounds, dithiocarbamate compounds, trithiocarbonate compounds and xanthate compounds. The fluoropolymer contains 50 to 100 mol % of a polymerized unit based on the tetrafluoroethylene. The formula (1): CF═CRRwherein Rand Rare as defined herein, the formula (2): CH═CRRwherein Rand Rare as defined herein. 2. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein the solvent is a non-fluorine-based organic solvent or a fluorine-based organic solvent.4. A fluoropolymer represented by Bf-CRP claim 1 ,wherein Bf is a fluoropolymer segment consisting of a monomer unit derived from tetrafluoroethylene, and CRP is represented by any of the following formulas (CRP1) to (CRP5), {'br': None, 'sup': 'c11', '—SC(S)Z'}, 'the formula (CRP1){'sup': 'c11', 'wherein Zis an alkyl group or an aryl group,'} {'br': None, 'sup': 'c12', '—SC(S)SZ'}, 'the formula (CRP2){'sup': 'c12', 'wherein Zis an alkyl group or an aryl group,'} {'br': None, 'sub': 'c11', '—SC(S)SR'}, 'the formula (CRP3){'sub': 'c11', 'wherein Ris a monovalent organic group,'} {'br': None, 'sup': 'c13', 'sub': '2', '—SC(S)NZ'}, 'the formula (CRP4){'sup': c13', 'c13, 'wherein (i) two Zs are each independently an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a 4-pyridyl group or (ii) two Zs bind to each other to form a heterocycle together with a N atom in the formula, and'} {'br': None, 'sup': 'c14', '—SC(S)OZ'}, 'the formula (CRP5){'sup': 'c14', 'wherein Zis an alkyl group or an aryl group.'}5. A method for producing a fluoropolymer by solution polymerization or ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE

A method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene which includes: (1) feeding into an airtight container in the absence of oxygen: high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene: and a halogenated polymer having a halogen atom other than a fluorine atom; and (2) irradiating the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene to provide low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity at 380° C. of 1.0×10to 7.0×10Pa·s. 1. A method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene , comprising: high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene: and', 'a halogenated polymer having a halogen atom other than a fluorine atom; and, '(1) feeding into an airtight container in the absence of oxygen{'sup': 2', '5, '(2) irradiating the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene to provide low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity at 380° C. of 1.0×10to 7.0×10Pa·s.'}2. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein the halogenated polymer is a polymer having a chlorine atom.3. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein in the step (2), the airtight container contains substantially no oxygen.4. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene has a standard specific gravity of 2.130 to 2.230.5. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein both the high molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene and the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene are in the form of powder.6. The production method according to claim 1 , further comprising{'sup': '3', '(3) heating the polytetrafluoroethylene up to a temperature that is not lower than the primary melting point thereof to provide a molded article before the step (1), the molded article having a specific gravity of 1.0 g/cmor higher.'} The disclosure relates to methods for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene.Low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene (also referred to as “ ...

Method for manufacturing fluoropolymer, surfactant for polymerization, use for surfactant, and composition

A method for producing a fluoropolymer which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer, the surfactant being represented by the general formula (1): CR 1 R 2 R 4 —CR 3 R 5 —X-A, wherein R 1 to R 5 are each H or a monovalent substituent, with the proviso that at least one of R 1 and R 3 represents a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R 6 and at least one of R 2 and R 5 represents a group represented by the general formula: —X-A or a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R 6 ; and A is the same or different at each occurrence and is —COOM, —SO 3 M, or —OSO 3 M. Also disclosed is a surfactant for polymerization represented by the general formula (1), a method for producing a fluoropolymer using the surfactant and a composition including a fluoropolymer and the surfactant.

Pinch valve tube, method for manufacturing the same, and pinch valve

A pinch valve tube includes a fluororubber tube, the entirety of which is formed integrally of fluororubber and having an internal cavity arranged as a flow passage for a fluid, and a crosslink density of the fluororubber forming an inner surface of the flow passage is made higher than an average crosslink density of the entirety.

FLUORINE-CONTAINING RESIN PARTICLE, COMPOSITION, LAYER-SHAPED ARTICLE, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

A fluorine-containing resin particle contains 0 or more and 30 or less carboxyl groups per 10carbon atoms and 0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of a basic compound. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive substrate; anda photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate,wherein an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is formed of a layer-shaped article,the layer-shaped article comprising a fluorine-containing resin particle, and [{'sup': '6', '0 or more and 30 or less carboxyl groups per 10carbon atoms; and'}, '0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of a basic compound., 'the fluorine-containing resin particle comprising3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the outermost surface layer contains a charge transporting material having a butadiene structure and a triarylamine structure.4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein a dispersant having a fluorine atom is attached to surfaces of the fluorine-containing resin particles claim 1 , and{'sup': −1', '−1', '−1', '−1, 'in an infrared absorption spectrum of the dispersant having a fluorine atom, a ratio of a peak area in a wavenumber range of 1020 cmto 1308 cmto a peak area in a wavenumber range of 1673 cmto 1779 cmis 2.7 or more and 4.8 or less.'}5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing resin particle comprises:{'sup': '6', '0 or more and 20 or less carboxyl groups per 10carbon atoms; and'}0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of the basic compound.6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing resin particle comprises:{'sup': '6', '0 or more and 20 or less carboxyl groups per 10carbon atoms; and'}0 ppm or more and 1.5 ppm or less of the basic compound.7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the basic compound is an amine compound.8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to ...

FREE RADICAL AND CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION PROCESSES USING AZIDE RADICAL INITIATORS

A process is described comprising polymerizing at least one unsaturated monomer (e.g., fluorine substituted alkene monomer) in the presence of an azide radical initiator and a solvent, under reaction conditions and for a time sufficient to polymerize the at least one unsaturated monomer to form a polymer. The present disclosure provides a method for the synthesis of polymers with 100% azide chain end functionality, for living/controlled radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers (e.g., fluorine substituted alkene monomers) and for the synthesis of complex polymer architectures, using azide click reactions. 1. A process comprising polymerizing at least one unsaturated monomer in the presence of an azide radical initiator and optionally a solvent , under reaction conditions and for a time sufficient to polymerize the at least one unsaturated monomer to form a polymer.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one unsaturated monomer comprises at least one fluorine substituted alkene monomer claim 1 , fluorine substituted acrylic acid derivative monomer claim 1 , fluorine substituted styrene derivative monomer claim 1 , and/or fluorine substituted vinyl ether monomer.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one unsaturated monomer comprises vinylidene fluoride (VDF) claim 1 , hexafluoropropene claim 1 , tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , trifluorochloroethylene claim 1 , CF═CCl claim 1 , CH═CFCl claim 1 , CF═CFX (where X is Cl or Br) claim 1 , CH═CX(where X is F claim 1 , Cl or Br) claim 1 , CH═CHX (where X is F claim 1 , Cl or Br) claim 1 , CHX═CY claim 1 , CHX═CYX claim 1 , CX=CY claim 1 , and/or CXY═CY(where X and Y are independently F claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , or I).4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one unsaturated monomer is used in a total amount of from about 1 to about 10 claim 1 ,000 moles per mole of the azide radical initiator.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the azide radical initiator is generated from the reaction ...

RESIN COMPOSITION, METHOD FOR PRODUCING RESIN COMPOSITION, MOLDED ARTICLE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING MOLDED ARTICLE

Provided is a resin composition that can suppress yellowing even when used in a transparent molded article having a large thickness. The resin composition according to the present invention contains a vinylidene fluoride polymer as a main component, and further contains an alkyl quaternary ammonium sulfate. A percentage of irregular sequences in the vinylidene fluoride polymer is 4% or greater. 1. A resin composition comprising a vinylidene fluoride polymer as a main component ,the resin composition further comprising an alkyl quaternary ammonium sulfate, anda percentage of irregular sequences in the vinylidene fluoride polymer being 4% or greater.2. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the vinylidene fluoride polymer has claim 1 , in an infrared absorption spectrum claim 1 , an absorbance ratio (A) of not greater than 0.09 claim 1 , the absorbance ratio (A) being expressed by equation:{'br': None, 'i': A', '=A', '/A, 'sub': R', '1700-1800', '3023}{'sub': 1700-1800', '3023, 'sup': −1', '−1, 'where Ais the absorbance at 1700 to 1800 cm, and Ais the absorbance at 3023 cm.'}3. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the alkyl quaternary ammonium sulfate is from 0.3 parts by weight to 10.0 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the vinylidene fluoride polymer.4. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the alkyl quaternary ammonium sulfate is an alkyl quaternary ammonium hydrogensulfate.5. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the alkyl quaternary ammonium sulfate is at least one selected from tetraethylammonium hydrogensulfate claim 1 , tetrapropylammonium hydrogensulfate claim 1 , and tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate.6. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the vinylidene fluoride polymer is a homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride or a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene.7. A molded article of a resin composition comprising a vinylidene fluoride polymer as a ...

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TERPOLYMERS BASED ON VDF, TRFE AND CFE, OR CTFE

A process for manufacturing terpolymers by polymerization of VDF (vinylidene difluoride), TrFE (trifluoroethylene), and CFE (1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene) or CTFE (chlorotrifluoroethylene) monomers in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, characterized in that: 112.-. (canceled)13. A terpolymer composed of x mol % of VDF (vinylidene difluoride) , y mol % of TrFE (trifluoroethylene) and (100−x−y) mol % of CFE (1-chloro-1-fluoro-ethylene) or CTFE (chlorotrifluoroethylene) , where:x is between 30 and 80,y is between 5 and 60,and where the sum of x and y is between 80 and 97.14. The terpolymer as claimed in claim 13 , wherein said terpolymer has an average molecular weight of greater than 400 000.15. The terpolymer as claimed in claim 13 , wherein x is between 40 and 70.16. The terpolymer as claimed in claim 13 , wherein y is between 20 and 50.17. The terpolymer as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the sum of x and y is between 90 and 95.18. The terpolymer as claimed in claim 13 , wherein said terpolymer is composed of 61.8 mol % of VDF claim 13 , 29.8 mol % of TrFE and 8.5 mol % of CFE.19. The terpolymer as claimed in claim 13 , said terpolymer being in the form of powder claim 13 , free of crust or skin.20. In actuator systems claim 13 , micropumps or capacitors comprising a polymer claim 13 , the improvement wherein the polymer is a terpolymer as claimed in .21. The terpolymer as claimed in claim 13 , said terpolymer being manufactured by polymerization of VDF claim 13 , TrFE claim 13 , and CFE or CTFE monomers in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator claim 13 , said process comprising the following steps:i) an initial mixture of VDF and of TrFE, free of CFE and of CTFE, is fed into an autoclave,ii) the initiator mixed with water is injected into the autoclave so as to achieve, inside the autoclave, a pressure at least equal to 80 bar, in order to form a suspension of VDF and TrFE monomers in water,iii) a secondary mixture constituted of VDF, TrFE ...

NOVEL FLUORINATED UNSATURATED COMPOUND AND POLYMERS OBTAINABLE THEREFROM

A compound of formula CF═CFCFOSFand polymers comprising recurring units deriving from CF═CFCFOSFare disclosed as well as processes for their preparation. 1. A compound of formula CF═CFCFOSF.2. Process for the preparation of the compound of comprising reacting SOFwith CF═CFCFOSOF in the presence of a fluoride catalyst.3. A polymer comprising recurring units derived from CF═CFCFOSF.4. Polymer according to further comprising recurring units derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer.5. Polymer according to wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is selected from a fluorinated and/or a non-fluorinated monomer.7. Polymer according to wherein the non-fluorinated monomer is selected from the group consisting of: C-Colefins; C-Cchloroolefins; acrylic- or methacrylic monomers of formula CH═CRRin which Ris chosen from hydrogen and the methyl group and Ris the —CO—Rgroup in which Ris chosen from the —OH group and the —O—Rgroups with Rchosen from the linear or branched alkyl groups containing from 2 to 18 carbon atoms optionally bearing one or more —OH group.8. Polymer according to claim 3 , wherein the amount of recurring units derived from CF═CFCFOSFranges from 0.1 to 99.9 mole %.9. Process for the preparation of a polymer of comprising the step of polymerizing the compound of formula CF═CFCFOSFand optionally at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator.10. Process according to wherein the polymerization initiator is a radical polymerization initiator.11. An article comprising the polymer of .12. A method for the preparation of a film claim 3 , hose claim 3 , pipe claim 3 , tube claim 3 , cable claim 3 , wire insulation claim 3 , fitting claim 3 , molded seal claim 3 , gasket claim 3 , o-ring claim 3 , bearing claim 3 , coating claim 3 , fiber claim 3 , or filtration membrane claim 3 , the method comprising forming a polymer of into the shape of a film claim 3 , hose claim 3 , pipe claim 3 , tube claim 3 , ...

HIGH SOLIDS, SURFACTANT-FREE FLUOROPOLYMER

The invention relates to a low coagulum fluoropolymer latex containing little or no surfactant, and having a high fluoropolymer solids content. The polymerization is run at temperatures somewhat greater than typically used. The latex can be dried into a solid resin, in which little or no surfactant is present, without using an ion exchange, washing, or other added unit operation. The invention also relates to the process for forming the high solids, latex, using little or no surfactant. 1. A low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion composition comprising at least 26 weight percent of fluoropolymer solids in the emulsion , and less than 0.01 weight percent of surfactant based on the weight of fluoromonomers and less than 11% by weight coagulum.2. The low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the level of fluoropolymer solids is greater than 30 weight percent of the composition.3. The low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the level of fluoropolymer solids is from 26 to 40 weight percent.4. The low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the emulsion is storage stable.5. The low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein said fluoropolymer comprises at least 70 weight percent of vinylidene fluoride monomer units.6. The low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion composition of claim 1 , further comprising from 100 ppm to 10 claim 1 ,000 ppm of one or more ionic or ionizable initiators.7. The low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion composition of claim 6 , wherein said initiator(s) comprise at least one persulfate initiator.8. The low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the yellowing index is less than 11 as measured after 10 minutes at 230 C according to ASTM E313-15.10. The low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion composition of claim 1 , wherein the level of surfactant is zero.11. A process for forming a low coagulum fluoropolymer emulsion claim 1 , ...

MODIFIED FLUOROPOLYMERS

The invention relates to fluoropolymers that have been modified with low molecular weight, polymeric chain transfer agents, and uses of the modified fluoropolymers. The modified fluoropolymers provide enhanced properties to the fluoropolymer, such as increased adhesion, and hydrophilic characteristics. The modified functional fluoropolymers are useful in many applications, including as binders in electrode-forming compositions and separator compositions, for hydrophilic membranes and hollow fiber membranes, as an aqueous and a solvent cast coating for baked decorative and protective coatings, and as a tie layer between a fluoropolymer layer and an incompatible polymer layer. 1. A modified fluoropolymer comprising fluoromonomer units and from 0.1 to 25 weight percent of residual functional groups , based on the total amount of monomer , wherein said residual functional groups in the modified fluoropolymer comprise residual functional groups from one or more low molecular weight polymeric functional chain transfer agents.2. The modified fluoropolymer of claim 1 , wherein said modified fluoropolymer comprises greater than 2 to 15 weight percent of said residual functional groups.3. The modified fluoropolymer of claim 1 , wherein said modified fluoropolymer comprises from 2.2 to 10 weight percent of said residual functional groups.4. The modified fluoropolymer of claim 1 , wherein said modified fluoropolymer comprises one or more fluoropolymer blocks and one or more blocks of said residual functional groups of the low molecular weight polymeric functional chain transfer agent.5. The modified fluoropolymer of claim 1 , wherein said low molecular weight polymeric functional chain transfer agents have molecular weights of less than 20 claim 1 ,000 g/mole.6. The modified fluoropolymer of claim 1 , wherein said residual functional groups comprise a functionality selected from the group consisting of carboxylic claim 1 , hydroxyl claim 1 , siloxane claim 1 , ester claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FLUOROPOLYMER AQUEOUS DISPERSION LIQUID

The present invention provides a method for producing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion having a significantly small particle size and excellent dispersion stability. The present invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous dispersion containing at least one fluoropolymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene and melt-fabricable fluororesins excluding polytetrafluoroethylene. The method includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a fluorosurfactant and a polymerization initiator. The fluorosurfactant has a concentration in the aqueous medium of not lower than 0.8 times the critical micelle concentration of the fluorosurfactant. 1. A method for producing an aqueous dispersion containing at least one fluoropolymer selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene and melt-fabricable fluororesins excluding polytetrafluoroethylene , the method comprising:polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a fluorosurfactant and a polymerization initiator,the fluorosurfactant having a concentration in the aqueous medium of not lower than 0.8 times the critical micelle concentration of the fluorosurfactant.2. The method for producing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 ,wherein the fluorosurfactant has Log POW of 3.4 or lower.5. The method for producing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 ,wherein the fluoropolymer has a volume average particle size of not smaller than 0.1 nm but smaller than 20 nm.6. The method for producing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 ,wherein the polymerization initiator is at least one selected from the group consisting of persulfates and organic peroxides.7. The method for producing a fluoropolymer aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 ,wherein the polymerization initiator is used in an amount corresponding to 1 to 5,000 ppm of the aqueous medium. The present invention relates to ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC COMPOUND HAVING SULFO GROUP, METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIQUID COMPOSITION, AND METHOD FOR HYDROLYZING ORGANIC COMPOUND HAVING FLUOROSULFONYL GROUP

To provide a method for producing an organic compound having a sulfo group by efficiently hydrolyzing an organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group with a small number of steps with a small quantity of waste liquid. 1. A method for producing an organic compound having a sulfo group , which comprises bringing an organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group into contact with subcritical water at from 200 to 320° C. to convert the fluorosulfonyl group into a sulfo group.2. The method for producing an organic compound having a sulfo group according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group is a perfluorocompound.3. The method for producing an organic compound having a sulfo group according to claim 1 , wherein the organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group is a fluorinated polymer.4. A method for producing a liquid composition containing an organic compound having a sulfo group and water claim 1 , which comprises treating a composition containing an organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group and water at from 200 to 320° C. under conditions that water becomes subcritical water claim 1 , to convert the fluorosulfonyl group into a sulfo group to obtain a composition containing an organic compound having a sulfo group and water.5. The method for producing a liquid composition according to claim 4 , wherein the organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group is a perfluorocompound.6. The method for producing a liquid composition according to claim 4 , wherein the organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group is a fluorinated polymer.7. A method for hydrolyzing an organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group claim 4 , which comprises bringing an organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group into contact with subcritical water at from 200 to 320° C. to hydrolyze the fluorosulfonyl group.8. The method for hydrolyzing an organic compound having a fluorosulfonyl group according to claim 7 , wherein the organic compound having a ...

FLUORORESIN AND RISER PIPE

An object of the present invention it to provide a novel fluororesin that has excellent mechanical strength and chemical resistance, and very low permeability at high temperature. The fluorine resin a copolymer that includes copolymerized units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride. The fluororesin has a storage modulus E′, as measured at 170° C. by a dynamic viscoelasticity analysis, in the range of 60 to 400 MPa. 1. A fluororesin comprisinga copolymer that comprises copolymerized units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride,wherein the fluororesin has a storage modulus E′, as measured at 170° C. by a dynamic viscoelasticity analysis, in the range of 60 to 400 MPa and {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'sub': 2', 'n, 'CXX═CX(CF)X'}, 'wherein the copolymer comprises 55.0 to 90.0 mol % of copolymerized units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, 5.0 to 44.9 mol % of copolymerized units derived from vinylidene fluoride, and 0.1 to 10.0 mol % of copolymerized units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride, the ethylenically unsaturated monomer being represented by the formula (1){'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'wherein X, X, X, and X, which may be the same or different, each represent H, F, or C1, and n is an integer of 0 to 8.'}2. A fluororesin comprisinga copolymer that comprises copolymerized units derived from tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer other than tetrafluoroethylene and vinylidene fluoride,wherein the fluororesin has a storage modulus E′, as measured at 170° C. by a dynamic viscoelasticity analysis, in the range of 60 to 400 MPa, and {'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'sup': '1', 'CF═CF—ORf'}, 'wherein the copolymer comprises 55.0 to 90.0 mol ...

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE POWDER

The present invention provides a polytetrafluoroethylene powder having high dispersibility in lubricants. The polytetrafluoroethylene powder includes polytetrafluoroethylene containing a tetrafluoroethylene unit alone or a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a modifying monomer unit based on a modifying monomer copolymerizable with the tetrafluoroethylene, and has a specific surface area of 32 m/g or larger. 1. A polytetrafluoroethylene powder comprising:polytetrafluoroethylene containing a tetrafluoroethylene unit alone or a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a modifying monomer unit based on a modifying monomer copolymerizable with the tetrafluoroethylene,{'sup': '2', 'the powder having a specific surface area of 32 m/g or larger.'}2. The polytetrafluoroethylene powder according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '2', 'wherein the specific surface area is 35 m/g or larger.'}3. The polytetrafluoroethylene powder according to claim 1 , which is formed from polytetrafluoroethylene particles having a volume average particle size of 50 nm or smaller.4. The polytetrafluoroethylene powder according to claim 1 , which is formed from polytetrafluoroethylene particles having a volume average particle size smaller than 20 nm. The present invention relates to polytetrafluoroethylene powder.Polytetrafluoroethylene has characteristics of excellent chemical durability as well as good smoothness, and thus is used as, for example, an additive to be added to grease requiring lubrication.Patent Literature 1 discloses a powder of low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene containing a tetrafluoroethylene unit alone or a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a modifying monomer unit copolymerizable with the tetrafluoroethylene unit, wherein the low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene has an average primary particle size of 100 nm or smaller.Since this powder has a small average primary particle size, it is dispersed with a small dispersed particle size when used as an additive for matrix material. Such a powder ...

FLUORINATED ELASTIC COPOLYMER AND METHOD FOR ITS PRODUCTION

To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer in which the contents of metal elements and chloride ions are low, and a method for producing a fluorinated elastic copolymer, whereby it is possible to obtain a fluorinated elastic copolymer in which the contents of metal elements and chloride ions are low. A fluorinated elastic copolymer in which the content of metal elements is at most 20.0 ppm by mass and the content of chloride ions is at most 1 ppm by mass; and a method for producing a fluorinated elastic copolymer, which comprises coagulating a fluorinated elastic copolymer in a latex containing the fluorinated elastic copolymer by using an acid containing no metal elements or no chloride ions, and washing the coagulated fluorinated elastic copolymer with a liquid medium having a content of metal elements of at most 2.0 ppm by mass and a content of chloride ions of at most 2 ppm by mass. 1. A fluorinated elastic copolymer in which the content of metal elements is at least 0.3 ppm by mass and at most 20.0 ppm by mass , and the content of chloride ions is at most 1 ppm by mass.2. The fluorinated elastic copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein said fluorinated elastic copolymer is a fluorinated elastic copolymer having units based on tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , and units based on a compound represented by the following formula (1) claim 1 ,{'br': None, 'sub': '2', 'sup': 'f1', 'CF═CFOR\u2003\u2003(1)'}{'sup': 'f1', 'sub': '1-10', 'wherein Ris a Cperfluoroalkyl group.'}3. A method for producing a fluorinated elastic copolymer claim 1 , which comprises coagulating a fluorinated elastic copolymer in a latex containing the fluorinated elastic copolymer by using an acid having no metal elements and no chloride ions claim 1 , and washing the coagulated fluorinated elastic copolymer with a liquid medium having a content of metal elements of at most 2.0 ppm by mass claim 1 , and a content of chloride ions of at most 2 ppm by mass.4. The method for producing a fluorinated ...

PASSIVATION LAYER COMPRISING A PHOTOCROSSLINKED FLUOROPOLYMER

The present disclosure relates to a passivation layer comprising a photocrosslinked fluoropolymer and a process for forming the layer. Passivation layers comprising the crosslinked fluoropolymer have low dielectric constants, low water absorptivity and are able to be photoimaged so as to provide the very fine features needed for modern electronic equipment. 2. The passivation layer of claim 1 , wherein the fluoroolefin is tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , chlorotrifluoroethylene claim 1 , hexafluoropropylene claim 1 , trifluoroethylene claim 1 , perfluoromethyl vinyl ether claim 1 , vinyl fluoride claim 1 , vinylidene fluoride claim 1 , perfluorodimethyldioxole claim 1 , trifluoropropylene claim 1 , perfluoro(2-methylene-4-methyl-1 claim 1 ,3-dioxolane claim 1 , hexafluoroisobutylene claim 1 , methyl 3-[1-[difluoro[(trifluorovinyl)oxy]methyl]-1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,2-tetrafluoroethoxy]-2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,3-tetrafluoropropionate claim 1 , 2-[1-[difluoro[(1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,2-trifluoroethenyl)oxy]methyl]-1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,2-tetrafluoroethoxy]-1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,2-tetrafluoro-ethanesulfonyl fluoride or a combination thereof; or wherein the alkyl vinyl ether is methyl vinyl ether claim 1 , ethyl vinyl ether claim 1 , n-propyl vinyl ether claim 1 , isopropyl vinyl ether claim 1 , n-butyl vinyl ether claim 1 , sec-butyl vinyl ether claim 1 , t-butyl vinyl ether claim 1 , n-pentyl vinyl ether claim 1 , isoamyl vinyl ether claim 1 , hexyl vinyl ether claim 1 , cyclohexyl vinyl ether or a combination thereof; or wherein the vinyl epoxide is allyl glycidyl ether claim 1 , glycidyl methacrylate claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The passivation layer of claim 1 , wherein the photocrosslinked features have a width in the range of from 0.5 to 5.0 micrometers.4. The passivation layer of claim 1 , wherein the carrier medium is methyl isobutyl ketone claim 1 , 2-heptanone claim 1 , propylene glycol methyl ether acetate or a ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING PENTAVALENT ANTIMONY CONTAMINANTS IN WATER AND FUEL CELL

The present invention provides a method for removing pentavalent antimony contaminants in water without adding a DC power supply and also provides a fuel cell capable of removing the pentavalent antimony contaminants in water by utilizing self-generated electric energy. A technical solution of the present invention is as follows: waste water is pumped into a reactor for reaction after a pH value of the waste water containing the pentavalent antimony contaminants adjusted to 3-6.5; the inside of a reactor is an anaerobic environment; and an iron anode is arranged in the reactor, a through hole is formed in a side wall of the reactor, a cathode for reducing oxygen by electrons and protons sealed and inlaid in the through hole, and a resistor is connected between the iron anode and the cathode in series. The present invention is suitable for a water treatment technology. 1. A fuel cell , comprising:a reactor, wherein a water inlet for passing waste water containing pentavalent antimony contaminants to be treated is arranged at a lower part of the reactor;a water outlet for discharging the treated waste water is arranged at an upper part of the reactor; an iron anode is arranged in the reactor; a through hole is provided in a side wall of the reactor; a cathode for restoring oxygen by utilizing electrons and protons is sealed and inlaid in the through hole; and a resistor is connected between the iron anode and the cathode in series.2. The fuel cell of claim 1 , wherein a catalyst layer claim 1 , a current collection material layer claim 1 , a carbon-based layer and a diffusion layer are sequentially arranged from one side of the cathode facing to the inside of the reactor claim 1 , to the side of the cathode opposite to the reactor.3. The fuel cell of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst layer has platinum-carbon-loaded catalyst particles; the current collection material layer is a waterproof carbon cloth; the carbon-based layer is coated with carbon black powder; and the ...

Method for producing aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion

The present invention aims to provide a novel method for producing an aqueous dispersion containing non-melt-processable polytetrafluoroethylene particles. The present invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous dispersion containing non-melt-processable polytetrafluoroethylene particles, the method including polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of perfluoro hexanoic acid or its salt.

SYNTHESIS OF A SUBSTITUTED FURAN

The present invention provides a polymer comprising an aliphatic backbone having a plurality of aromatic rings bonded thereon, said plurality of aromatic rings comprising a first aromatic ring type that has an alkyl halide group substitution on the aromatic ring and a second aromatic ring type that has an optionally substituted ammonium halide group substitution on the aromatic ring. The present invention also provides a method for making an optionally substituted furan, the method comprising the step of subjecting a sugar to a dehydration reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising said polymer. 1. A polymer comprising an aliphatic backbone having a plurality of aromatic rings bonded thereon , said plurality of aromatic rings comprising a first aromatic ring type that has an alkyl halide group substitution on the aromatic ring and a second aromatic ring type that has an optionally substituted ammonium halide group substitution on the aromatic ring.2. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the number ratio of first aromatic ring types represented as “n” to second aromatic ring types represented as “m” is selected to catalyse the dehydration of sugar.3. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of n:m is in the range of 20:1 to 1:20 or 10:1 to 1:10.4. (canceled)5. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic backbone is a straight chain aliphatic polymer or a saturated straight chain aliphatic polymer.6. (canceled)7. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic ring is benzene.8. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the alkyl of the alkyl halide group of the first aromatic ring type is selected from the group consisting of methyl claim 1 , optionally substituted ethyl claim 1 , optionally substituted propyl claim 1 , optionally substituted butyl claim 1 , optionally substituted pentyl and any isomers thereof.9. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the halide of the alkyl halide group of the first aromatic ...

Polymeric Yarns For Use In Communications Cables And Methods For Producing The Same

In some aspects, polymeric yarns and communications cables incorporating the same are provided herein. Additionally, in some aspects, methods of producing polymeric yarns and communications cables incorporating the same are provided.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FLUOROPOLYMER, POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE COMPOSITION, AND POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE POWDER

Provided is a method for producing a fluoropolymer, including a polymerization step of polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium having a pH of 4.0 or more in the presence of a hydrocarbon surfactant and a polymerization initiator to obtain a fluoropolymer. 1. A method for producing a fluoropolymer:comprising polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium having a pH of 4.0 or more in the presence of a hydrocarbon surfactant and a polymerization initiator to obtain a fluoropolymer,wherein the hydrocarbon surfactant is a carboxylic acid type,wherein the polymerization initiator is a redox initiator.2. A method for producing a fluoropolymer:comprising polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of an anionic hydrocarbon surfactant and a polymerization initiator to obtain a fluoropolymer,wherein the hydrocarbon surfactant comprises a salt of the hydrocarbon surfactant,wherein the hydrocarbon surfactant is a carboxylic acid type,wherein the polymerization initiator is a redox initiator.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization is performed substantially in the absence of the hydrocarbon surfactant in the form of an organic acid.45-. (canceled)6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the redox initiator is a combination of an oxidizing agent which is a salt and a reducing agent which is a salt.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the redox initiator is at least one selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate/ammonium oxalate claim 1 , potassium bromate/ammonium sulfite claim 1 , and ammonium cerium nitrate/ammonium oxalate.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization comprises adding a composition containing the hydrocarbon surfactant after the initiation of polymerization.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the composition is an aqueous solution having a pH of 5.0 or more.10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the hydrocarbon surfactant contained in the ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PARTIALLY FLUORINATED POLYMERS

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing of partially fluorinated polymers, notably vinylidene fluoride (VDF)-based polymers, in emulsion polymerization, and to a polymer obtained from said method. 1. A method for the synthesis of a partially fluorinated polymer (P) comprising recurring units derived from 1 ,1-difluoroethylene , said method comprising polymerizing 1 ,1-difluoroethylene , optionally in the presence of at least one further (per)fluorinated monomer (MF) , in an aqueous emulsion in the presence of a redox-initiating system (R) comprising at least one organic radical initiator and at least one composition (CS) comprising at least one compound (S) bearing at least one sulfinic acid group.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer (P) is a homo-polymer of 1 claim 1 ,1-difluoroethylene [polymer (P)].3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer (P) is a co-polymer of 1 claim 1 ,1-difluoroethylene [polymer (P)] claim 1 , which comprises recurring units derived from 1 claim 1 ,1-difluoroethylene and recurring units derived from at least one further (per)fluorinated monomer (MF).4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said polymer (P) comprises at least 15% moles of recurring units derived from 1 claim 3 ,1-difluoroethylene with respect to all recurring units of said polymer (P).5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said polymer (P) comprises at most 85% moles of recurring units derived from 1 claim 3 ,1-difluoroethylene with respect to all recurring units of said polymer (P).7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said organic radical initiator is selected from the group consisting of: acetylcyclohexanesulfonyl peroxide; diacetyl-peroxydicarbonate; dialkyl-peroxydicarbonates; tertbutyl-perneodecanoate; 2 claim 1 ,2′-azobis(4-methoxy-2 claim 1 ,4dimethylvaleronitrile); tertbutyl-perpivalate; dioctanoyl-peroxide; dilauroyl-peroxide; 2 claim 1 ,2′-azobis (2 claim 1 ,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile); ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FLUOROPOLYMER

A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes: polymerizing a monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I) below in an aqueous medium substantially in the absence of a fluorine-containing surfactant (except for the monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I)) to obtain a crude composition containing a polymer of the monomer (I); removing a dimer and a trimer of the monomer (I) contained in the crude composition from the crude composition to obtain a polymer (I) in which the content of the dimer and trimer of the monomer (I) is 1.0% by mass or less based on the polymer (I); and polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of the polymer (I) to obtain a fluoropolymer: 1. A method for producing a fluoropolymer , the method comprising:polymerizing a monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I) below in an aqueous medium substantially in the absence of a fluorine-containing surfactant (except for the monomer (I) represented by the general formula (I)) to obtain a crude composition containing a polymer of the monomer (I);removing a dimer and a trimer of the monomer (I) contained in the crude composition from the crude composition to obtain a polymer (I) in which the content of the dimer and trimer of the monomer (I) is 1.0% by mass or less based on the polymer (I); and {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '3', '2', '1', '2', '0, 'sub': 'm', 'CXX═CXR(—CZZ-A)\u2003\u2003(I)'}, 'polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of the polymer (I) to obtain a fluoropolymer{'sup': 1', '3', '2', '0', '1', '2, 'sub': '3', 'wherein Xand Xare each independently F, Cl, H, or CF; Xis H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; Ais an anionic group; R is a linking group; Zand Zare each independently H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; and m is an integer of 1 or more.'}2. The method for production according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer (I) has a molecular weight of 500 or less.3. The ...

Method for producing fluoropolymer, method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene, method for producing perfluoroelastomer, and composition

The present disclosure provides a method for producing a fluoropolymer, the method includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymer (1) to obtain a fluoropolymer, wherein the polymer (1) is a polymer of a monomer (1) represented by the general formula (1) below, in which the content of a dimer and a trimer of the monomer (1) is 1.0% by mass or less based on the polymer (1): CF 2 ═CF—R—CZ 1 Z 1 -A 0   ( 1 ) wherein R is a linking group; Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently F or CF 3 ; and A 0 is an anionic group.

Method for manufacturing fluoropolymers

The invention pertains to a method for making a fluoropolymer comprising an aqueous emulsion polymerization of one or more fluorinated monomers wherein said aqueous emulsion polymerization is carried out in the presence of at least one cyclic fluorocompound of the following formula (I): wherein X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , equal or different from each other are independently selected among H, F, and C 1-6 (per)fluoroalkyl groups, optionally comprising one or more catenary or non-catenary oxygen atoms; L represents a bond or a divalent group; R F is a divalent fluorinated C 1-3 bridging group; Y is a hydrophilic function selected among anionic functionalities, cationic functionalities and non-ionic functionalities.

Polytetrafluoroethylene production method

Provided is a method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene, which includes polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a nucleating agent and a polymer (I) containing a polymerization unit (I) based on a monomer represented by the general formula (I) to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene:CX1X3═CX2R(—CZ1Z2-A0)m  (I)wherein X1 and X3 are each independently F, Cl, H, or CF3; X2 is H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; A0 is an anionic group; R is a linking group; Z1 and Z2 are each independently H, F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; and m is an integer of 1 or more.

SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING PTFE DENTAL PLUGS

A method of using a dental filler is disclosed. The method may include securing a prosthetic to a dental implant, the prosthetic having an access channel therethrough. The method may also include filling a portion of the access channel by inserting a polytetrafluoroethylene dental plug into the access channel and compressing the polytetrafluoroethylene dental plug within the access channel. 114-. (canceled)15. A dental filler comprising:a body of polytetrafluoroethylene material extending from a first end to a second end and having a first cross-sectional area at the first end and a second cross-sectional area at the second end;{'sup': '3', 'the body having a volumetric density between 0.15 and 2.15 g/cmand a low crystallinity characterized by a crystalline to amorphous peak melt temperature between 320 and 340 degrees C.'}16. The dental filler of claim 15 , wherein:the first cross-sectional area is greater than the second cross-sectional area.17. The dental filler of claim 15 , wherein:the first cross-sectional area is the same as the second cross-sectional area.18. The dental filler of claim 15 , further comprising:an anti-bacterial material on an external surface of the body.19. The dental filler of claim 15 , further comprising:an anti-bacterial material, the body being impregnated with the anti-bacterial material.20. The dental filler of claim 15 , wherein:the body has a length extending between the first end and the second end; andthe length corresponds to a depth of an access channel of a dental prosthetic.21. The dental filler of claim 15 , wherein the body has a circular cross section.22. The dental filler of claim 15 , wherein the body has a square cross section.23. A method of using a dental filler claim 15 , comprising:forming an cavity in a tooth;filling a portion of the cavity by inserting a polytetrafluoroethylene dental filament into the cavity; andfolding and compressing the polytetrafluoroethylene dental filament within the cavity.24. The method of ...

CROSSLINKED PTFE

The present application relates generally to tubes, such as thin walled catheter liners with small wall thicknesses (e.g., less than 1 mm), including crosslinked fluoropolymers, e.g., crosslinked poly(tetrafluoroethylene). The disclosure further provides methods of manufacturing such tubes and systems for manufacturing such tubes. 1. A tube having a wall thickness of less than 1 mm ,comprising crosslinked poly(tetrafluoroethylene).2. The tube of claim 1 , wherein the tube consists essentially of crosslinked poly(tetrafluoroethylene).3. The tube of claim 1 , wherein the poly(tetrafluoroethylene) has been crosslinked in a continuous process by irradiation with a gamma source under the following conditions:a. a temperature range between 320-360° C.;b. a dosage between 500 and 2500 kGy; andc. an inert atmosphere or vacuum.4. The tube of claim 3 , wherein the irradiation is provided by an X-ray source.5. The tube of claim 3 , wherein the irradiation is provided by an electron beam unit.6. The tube of claim 1 , wherein at least a part of an inner or outer surface of the tube comprises the crosslinked poly(tetrafluoroethylene) chemically modified with at least one reactive species.7. The tube of claim 6 , wherein only the inner surface of the tube comprises the crosslinked poly(tetrafluoroethylene) chemically modified with at least one reactive species.8. The tube of claim 6 , wherein only the outer surface of the tube comprises the crosslinked poly(tetrafluoroethylene) chemically modified with at least one reactive species.9. A tube having a wall thickness of less than 1 mm claim 6 , comprising a crosslinked fluoropolymer claim 6 , wherein the fluoropolymer has been crosslinked in a continuous process by irradiation with a gamma source under the following conditions:a. a temperature range corresponding to a range of a melting endotherm of the fluoropolymer in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) scan;b. a dosage between 500 and 2500 kGy; andc. an inert atmosphere or ...

ARTICLES CONTAINING PTFE HAVING IMPROVED DIMENSIONAL STABILITY PARTICULARLY OVER LONG LENGTHS, METHODS FOR MAKING SUCH ARTICLES, AND CABLE/WIRE ASSEMBLIES CONTAINING SUCH ARTICLES

The present disclosure relates to methods of making an article comprising PTFE, methods of making expanded articles comprising PTFE, articles comprising PTFE, and expanded articles comprising PTFE having improved mechanical and electrical performance and particularly reduced variability in mechanical, electrical and dimensional properties, particularly over long lengths. 1. An article comprising polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) , the article having a continuous length of at least 500 meters , wherein the article has a mean average thickness of less than 250 microns , and wherein the PTFE article is essentially joint free over a continuous length of 500 meters and wherein the PTFE article has a standard deviation of mean average thickness of no more than 1.6 microns , wherein a joint is a perceptible region in a PTFE article which is an artifact of paste extrusion between successive preforms.2. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the PTFE article has a total thickness variation (TTV) of less than 20 microns over a continuous length of 500 meters.3. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the PTFE article has a % thickness variation of less than 10% over a continuous length of 500 meters.4. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the PTFE article has a maximum low spot thickness of less than 10% over a continuous length of 500 meters.5. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the PTFE article has a standard deviation of the mean average thickness of no more than 1.3 microns.6. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the PTFE articlea. has a total thickness variation (TTV) of less than 20 microns over a continuous length of 500 meters;b. has a % thickness variation of less than 20% over a continuous length of 500 meters; andc. has a maximum low spot thickness of less than 20% over a continuous length of 500 meters.7. The article according to claim 1 , wherein the PTFE article has a continuous length of at least 1000 meters claim 1 , and wherein the ...

AQUEOUS DISPERSION OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE, LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE POWDER, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE

The present invention provides an aqueous dispersion of a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which contains an easily removable surfactant, and has a good dispersion stability. Specifically, the present invention provides an aqueous dispersion of a low-molecular-weight PTFE comprising tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) units, or TFE units and modifying monomer units which are copolymerizable with the TFE units, wherein the aqueous dispersion contains from 70 to 9,000 ppm, based on the aqueous dispersion, of a fluorine-containing compound of the formula (1) below: 1. A method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene , comprising: emulsion-polymerizing , in an aqueous medium , tetrafluoroethylene , or tetrafluoroethylene and a modifying monomer copolymerizable with the tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of a chain transfer agent , {'br': None, 'sub': 2', 'm, 'X—(CF)—Y\u2003\u2003(1)'}, 'wherein the emulsion polymerization is carried out in the presence of a fluorine-containing compound of the formula (1) below{'sub': 3', '4', '3', '4', '3', '2', '4', '2', '4, 'where X is H or F; m is an integer from 3 to 5; and Y is —SOM, —SOM, —SOR, —SOR, —COOM, —POMor —POM, M being H, NHor an alkali metal, and R being an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbons.'}2. The method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene according to claim 1 ,wherein emulsion polymerization is further carried out in the presence of a reactive compound which has a functional group capable of reacting in radical polymerization and a hydrophilic group.3. The method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene according to claim 2 , wherein the reactive compound has an unsaturated bond.5. The method of producing a low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene according to claim 2 ,wherein the reactive compound is used in an amount which corresponds to from 100 ppb to 200 ppm of the aqueous medium.6. The method of producing a low-molecular-weight ...

TUBE AND METHOD FOR MAKING SAME

A tube includes a layer including a fluoropolymer has a crystallite size of less than about nanometers per crystalline particle and a refractive index of less than 1.40. 1. A tube comprises:a layer comprising a fluoropolymer having a crystallite size of less than about 380 nanometers per crystalline particle and a refractive index of less than 1.40.2. The tube in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer comprises a homopolymer claim 1 , copolymer claim 1 , terpolymer claim 1 , or polymer blend formed from a monomer comprising tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , hexafluoropropylene claim 1 , chlorotrifluoroethylene claim 1 , trifluoroethylene claim 1 , vinylidene fluoride claim 1 , vinylidene difluoride claim 1 , vinyl fluoride claim 1 , perfluoropropyl vinyl ether claim 1 , perfluoromethyl vinyl ether claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The tube in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the fluoropolymer comprises a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene claim 2 , hexafluoropropylene claim 2 , and vinylidene difluoride.4. The tube in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer has a crystallinity of greater than 50% claim 1 , such as greater than 55% claim 1 , such as greater than 60% claim 1 , or even greater than 65%.5. The tube in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer has a transparency of greater than about 80% claim 1 , such as greater than about 85% claim 1 , such as greater than about 90% claim 1 , or even greater than about 95%.6. The tube of claim 1 , wherein the tube is immersed into a liquid fragrance.7. A method of forming a tube comprises:providing a fluoropolymer;extruding the fluoropolymer at a temperature of greater than 550° F.; andquenching the extruded fluoropolymer at a temperature of less than 80° F.8. The method of forming the tube in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the fluoropolymer comprises a homopolymer claim 7 , copolymer claim 7 , terpolymer claim 7 , or polymer blend formed from a monomer comprising ...

ABATEMENT OF FLUOROETHER CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OR SALTS EMPLOYED IN FLUOROPOLYMER RESIN MANUFACTURE

A process for making fluoropolymer resin comprising polymerizing at least one fluorinated monomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and polymerization agent comprising fluoroether carboxylic acid or salt thereof to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer. The fluoroether carboxylic acid or salt thereof employed in the process has the formula: 1. A process for recovering hydrofluoroether of the formula:{'br': None, 'sub': 3', '2', '2', '3', '2', 'n', '3, 'CF—CF—CF—O—(—CFCF—CF—O—)—CFHCF'} {'br': None, 'sub': 3', '2', '2', '3', '2', 'n', '3, 'sup': −', '+, '[CF—CF—CF—O—(—CFCF—CF—O—)—CF(CF)—COO]Y'}, 'polymerizing at least one fluorinated monomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and polymerization agent comprising fluoroether carboxylic acid or salt thereof to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer, said fluoroether carboxylic acid or salt thereof having the formula, 'wherein n is 0-35, as a byproduct in a process for making fluoropolymer resin comprising n is 0-35; and', {'sup': '+', 'Y is hydrogen, ammonium or alkali metal cation;'}, 'isolating wet fluoropolymer resin containing residual fluoroether carboxylic acid or salt from said aqueous medium;', 'heating said wet fluoropolymer resin to remove water to produce a dry fluoropolymer resin and to decarboxylate said residual fluoroether carboxylic acid or salt to produce a vapor of hydrofluoroether;', 'capturing said vapor of hydrofluoroether; and', 'recovering said hydrofluoroether., 'wherein2. The process of wherein Y is hydrogen or ammonium.3. The process of wherein n is 0.4. The process of wherein at least 50% of said residual fluoroether carboxylic acid or salt decarboxylates during said heating to produce said vapor of hydrofluoroether.5. The process of wherein said heating is performed at a temperature of about 150° C. to about 250° C.6. The process of wherein said vapor of hydrofluoroether is captured in a bed of adsorbent particles.7. The process of wherein ...

FLUOROPOLYMER MOLDED ARTICLE

Provided is a large-size injection molded article which is obtained by injection molding a composition containing a heat-meltable fluoropolymer. Specifically, provided is a large-size injection molded article, which can be molded at a lower injection pressure as compared with a conventional PFA and obtained by molding a composition superior in mold release characteristics from a metal mold. This large-size injection molded article is superior in, particularly, heat resistance and chemical resistance, as well as dimensional accuracy, for a substrate processing apparatus. 1. An injection molded article , having a projection area in an injection direction of 1100 cmor more , obtained by injection molding a composition containing a heat-meltable fluoropolymer.2. The injection molded article according to claim 1 , wherein the injection area diffusion ratio in a direction orthogonal to an injection direction is 3000 or larger.3. The injection molded article according to claim 1 , wherein the injection molded article is an article having a cylinder-shape claim 1 , a bowl-shape claim 1 , a box-shape or a basket-shape.4. The injection molded article according to claim 1 , which comprises being used as a member or a housing thereof claim 1 , for a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus or a substrate cleaning processing apparatus.5. The injection molded article according to claim 1 , wherein the heat-meltable fluoropolymer is at least one kind selected from the group of a tetrafluoroethylene/fluoroalkoxytrifluoroethylene copolymer claim 1 , an ethylene/chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer claim 1 , and a polyvinylidene fluoride.6. The injection molded article according to claim 1 , wherein melt flow rate of the composition containing the heat-meltable fluoropolymer is over 60 g/10 minutes.7. The injection molded article according to claim 1 , wherein the composition containing the heat-meltable fluoropolymer is a composition containing a tetrafluoroethylene/ ...

AQUEOUS POLYMERIZATION OF FLUORINATED MONOMER USING POLYMERIZATION AGENT COMPRISING FLUOROPOLYETHER ACID OR SALT AND SHORT CHAIN FLUOROSURFACTANT

A process comprising polymerizing at least one fluorinated monomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and polymerization agent to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer, the polymerization agent comprising: 1. A process comprising polymerizing at least one fluorinated monomer in an aqueous medium containing initiator and polymerization agent to form an aqueous dispersion of particles of fluoropolymer , said polymerization agent comprising:fluoropolyether acid or salt thereof having a number average molecular weight of at least about 800 g/mol; and {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '−', '+, 'sub': 'n', '[R—O-L-A]Y'}, 'fluorosurfactant having the formula [{'sup': '1', 'Ris a linear or branched partially or fully fluorinated aliphatic group which may contain ether linkages;'}, 'n is 0 or 1;', 'L is a linear or branched alkylene group which may be nonfluorinated, partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated and which may contain ether linkages;', {'sup': '−', 'A is an anionic group selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate, and sulfonamide anion; and'}, {'sup': '+', 'Y is hydrogen, ammonium or alkali metal cation;'}, {'sup': '1', 'sub': 'n', 'with the proviso that the chain length of R—O-L- is not greater than 6 atoms,'}, 'wherein said fluorosurfactant comprises at least about 65 wt % of said polymerization agent; and', 'wherein said polymerizing produces less than about 10 wt % undispersed fluoropolymer based on the total weight of fluoropolymer produced., 'wherein2. The process of wherein said chain length of R—O-L- is 3 to 6 atoms.3. The process of wherein said chain length of R—O-L- is 4 to 6 atoms.4. The process of wherein said chain length of R—O-L- is 3 to 5 atoms.5. The process of wherein said chain length of R—O-L- is 4 to 5 atoms.6. The process of wherein when said polymerization agent comprises a fluorosurfactant to fluoropolyether weight ratio of 5:1 claim 1 , said polymerization agent has a surface tension in water at a ...

Process for Producing Fluoroelastomers

An emulsion polymerization process for the production of fluoroelastomers is disclosed wherein the aqueous polymerization medium comprises a dispersed fluoroionomer particulate and is substantially free of dispersing agent. 1. An emulsion polymerization process for the production of a fluoroelastomer , said process comprising polymerizing a first monomer selected from the group consisting of vinylidene fluoride and tetrafluoroethylene with at least one different monomer in an aqueous medium substantially free of dispersant , said aqueous medium comprising initiator and dispersed particulate of fluorinated ionomer to obtain an aqueous dispersion of fluoroelastomer.2. The process of wherein said at least one different monomer is selected from the group consisting of fluoromonomers claim 1 , hydrocarbon olefins and mixtures thereof.3. The process of wherein said fluoroelastomer comprises copolymerized units selected from the group consisting of i) vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene; ii) vinylidene fluoride claim 1 , hexafluoropropylene and tetrafluoroethylene; iii) vinylidene fluoride claim 1 , hexafluoropropylene claim 1 , tetrafluoroethylene and 4-bromo-3 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,4-tetrafluorobutene-1; iv) vinylidene fluoride claim 1 , hexafluoropropylene claim 1 , tetrafluoroethylene and 4-iodo-3 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,4-tetrafluorobutene-1; v) vinylidene fluoride claim 1 , perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) claim 1 , tetrafluoroethylene and 4-bromo-3 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,4-tetrafluorobutene-1; vi) vinylidene fluoride claim 1 , perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) claim 1 , tetrafluoroethylene and 4-iodo-3 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,4-tetrafluorobutene-1; vii) vinylidene fluoride claim 1 , perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) claim 1 , tetrafluoroethylene and 1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,3-pentafluoropropene; viii) tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , perfluoro(methyl vinyl ether) and ethylene; ix) tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , perfluoro( ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING FLUOROPOLYMER MATERIALS AND RELATED WORKPIECES

A method for removing perfluorinated compounds from a fluoropolymer material is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing the fluoropolymer material in a chamber; (b) providing an anaerobic environment in the chamber; and (c) providing a fluorination gas in the chamber, thereby exposing the fluoropolymer material to the fluorination gas. The method results in the removal the perfluorinated compounds from the fluoropolymer material. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer material comprises the perfluorinated compounds used in the manufacture of the fluoropolymer material.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the perfluorinated compounds in the processed fluoropolymer material is less than 1.1% the amount of the perfluorinated compounds in the fluoropolymer material.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the perfluorinated compounds comprise perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and an amount of the PFOA in the processed fluoropolymer material is less than 1.1% the amount of PFOA in the fluoropolymer material.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer material is a fluoropolymer micropowder claim 1 , the perfluorinated compounds comprise PFOA claim 1 , and the amount of PFOA in the processed fluoropolymer material is less than 100 ppt.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer material is a PTFE micropowder claim 1 , the perfluorinated compounds comprise PFOA claim 1 , and the amount of PFOA in the processed fluoropolymer material is less than 100 ppt.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of heating the chamber to a temperature in a range of 25° C. to 325° C. claim 1 , and wherein the fluoropolymer material is exposed to the fluorination gas at a chamber pressure in a range of 5 PSIA to 55 PSIA.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer material is exposed to the fluorination gas for a time period in a range of 1 hour to 1000 hours claim 1 , and wherein the fluorination gas comprises 1 vol % ...

TETRAFLUOROETHYLENE/PERFLUORO(ALKYL VINYL ETHER) COPOLYMER HAVING AN INCREASED MELTING TEMPERATURE

A Process is provided comprising melt fabricating Tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer characterized by an MFR of no greater than 10 g/10 min and PPVE content of no greater than 5 wt % in to a final-shape article and heat aging said article at a temperature of at least 295° C. to increase the melting temperature of said tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer by at least 6° C. 1. Process comprising providing melt-fabricable tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer having a melting temperature (Tm1) , melt fabricating said tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer into a final-shape article , and heat aging said final-shape article at a temperature of at least 295° C. to obtain a melting temperature (Tm2) that is at least 6° C. greater than Tm1.2. The process of wherein said final-shape article retains its shape during said heat aging.3. The process of wherein the amount of said perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) present in said copolymer is effective to provide said copolymer with a melting temperature Tm1 of at least 300° C.4. The process of wherein the tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer from which said final-shape article is made has a melting temperature of at least 310° C.5. The process of wherein said tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer has a melt flow rate of no greater than 10 g/10 min.6. The process of wherein said heat aging is carried out for at least 24 hr.7. The process of wherein said tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) copolymer is tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) copolymer8. The process of wherein said tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) copolymer prior to said heat aging has a melting temperature (Tm1) of at least 305° C. and after said heat aging has a melting temperature (Tm2) of at least 312° C.9. The process of wherein said tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) copolymer prior ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING PURIFIED FLUOROPOLYMER

Provided is a method for producing a purified fluoropolymer containing less fluoridable end groups. The production method includes: (a) melting a fluoropolymer to give a molten fluoropolymer; (b) reducing a reaction inhibitor in the molten fluoropolymer; (c) bringing the molten fluoropolymer into contact with an active substance after the step (b); and (d) removing a volatile matter from the molten fluoropolymer after the step (c). 1. A method for producing a purified fluoropolymer , comprising:(a) melting a fluoropolymer to give a molten fluoropolymer;(b) reducing a reaction inhibitor in the molten fluoropolymer;(c) bringing the molten fluoropolymer into contact with an active substance after the step (b); and(d) removing a volatile matter from the molten fluoropolymer after the step (c),wherein the active substance is a fluorinating agent,{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the reaction inhibitor is a volatile matter, O, or HO,'}wherein the temperature of step (a) is equal to or higher than the melting point of the fluoropolymer.2. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein the step (b) involves bringing the molten fluoropolymer into contact with an inactive substance.3. (canceled)4. The production method according to claim 1 ,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the fluorinating agent is F.'}5. The production method according to claim 2 ,wherein the inactive substance is nitrogen gas or carbon dioxide gas.6. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein the fluoropolymer is a polymer containing a tetrafluoroethylene-based polymerized unit.7. (canceled)8. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein the step (d) involves bringing the molten fluoropolymer into contact with an inactive substance.9. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein the step (b) involves bringing the molten fluoropolymer into contact with an inactive substance under pressurization.10. The production method according to claim 1 ,wherein the step (c) involves bringing the molten ...

AZO-CROSSLINKED FLUOROPOLYMER WITH PERFLUOROETHER PENDANT GROUPS, PROCESS FOR PREPARING, AND METHOD FOR FORMING IMAGED ARTICLE THEREWITH

This invention pertains to an azo-crosslinked fluoropolymer with perfluoroether pendant groups. The polymer so formed is highly useful in the form of shaped articles with excellent chemical and thermal stability, including photoimaged coatings. The azo-crosslinked fluoropolymer hereof is advantageously formed by exposure to UV radiation of a fluorinated polymer having dichloroamino-functionalized perfluoroether pendant groups. In one embodiment, a fluorinated polymer having dichloroamino-functionalized perfluoroether pendant groups is formed into a shaped article that is then UV-treated in situ. 2. The azo-crosslinked polymer of wherein Π and Π are the same.3. The azo-crosslinked polymer of wherein Π and Π are different.4. The azo-crosslinked polymer of wherein x claim 2 , x claim 2 , y claim 2 , y claim 2 , z claim 2 , z claim 2 , a and a′=1; Rand R′═CF; and Rand R′═F.5. The azo-crosslinked polymer of wherein the fluoroalkylene repeat units comprise a combination of TFE and PDD repeat units.6. The azo-crosslinked polymer of wherein at least one of Π and Π further comprises perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether repeat units.9. The azo formation process of wherein said first dichloroamino-functionalized polymer and second dichloroamino-functionalized polymer are the same.10. The azo formation process of wherein said first dichloroamino-functionalized polymer and second dichloroamino-functionalized polymer are different.11. The azo formation process of wherein x=1 claim 9 , y=1 claim 9 , z=1 claim 9 , and a=1; R2=CF3; and R3=F.12. The azo formation process of wherein the fluoroalkylene repeat units comprise a combination of TFE and PDD repeat units.13. The azo formation process of wherein at least one of said first dichloroamino-functionalized polymer and second dichloroamino-functionalized polymer further comprises perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether repeat units.15. The azo formation of process of further comprising filmwise disposing the dichloroamino-functionalized polymer upon a ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE FINE POWDER

To provide a process for producing a PTFE fine powder having a high bulk density, whereby the concentration of non-coagulated PTFE in coagulation wastewater is low. 1. A process for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder , which comprises{'sub': '4-7', 'emulsion-polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in the presence of an aqueous medium, at least one fluorinated emulsifier selected from the group consisting of a Cfluorinated carboxylic acid having from 1 to 4 etheric oxygen atoms in its main chain, and its salts, and a radical polymerization initiator, to produce a polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion,'}adjusting the obtained polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion to a polytetrafluoroethylene concentration of from 10 to 25 mass %, followed by coagulation and stirring at a coagulation temperature of from 5 to 18° C. to separate a wet-state polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder, anddrying the obtained wet-state polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder to produce a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder.2. The process for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder according to claim 1 , wherein the coagulation and stirring of the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion is carried out without using a coagulant.3. The process for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder according to claim 1 , wherein the bulk density of the polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder is at least 500 g/L.4. The process for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder according to claim 1 , wherein the standard specific gravity of the polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder is from 2.135 to 2.220.5. The process for producing a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene is conducted under emulsion polymerization conditions of a polymerization temperature of from 10 to 95° C. claim 1 , a polymerization pressure of from 0.5 to 4.0 MPa and a polymerization time of from 90 to 520 min. claim 1 , to produce the polytetrafluoroethylene emulsion ...

VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE POLYMERS

The present invention pertains to a process for manufacturing a vinylidene fluoride polymer, to a polymer obtainable via said process and to an article comprising the same. 1. A process for manufacturing a vinylidene fluoride polymer , said process comprising polymerizing vinylidene fluoride (VDF) in aqueous suspension in the presence of at least:a) an alkylene oxide polymer (PAO); andb) a polysaccharide derivative, {'br': None, 'sub': A', '2', 'm', 'n', 'B, 'RO—[(CH)O]—R\u2003\u2003(I)'}, 'wherein the PAO has formula (I)'}{'sub': A', 'B', '1', '5, 'wherein Rand Rare, independently from each other, H or a C-Clinear or branched alkyl, m, equal to or different from each other at each occurrence, is an integer from 2 to 5, and n is an integer from 1000 to 200000.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide derivative has a dynamic viscosity of 1 to 30 claim 1 ,000 mPa·s.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide derivative comprises recurring glycosidic units selected from D-glucopyranosides and glucofuranosides claim 1 , or a mixture thereof claim 1 , linked to each other by glycosidic bonds.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein each R′ in the carbohydrate derivative of formula (III) claim 4 , equal to or different from any other claim 4 , represents a hydrogen atom claim 4 , a methyl group claim 4 , a hydroxyethyl group or a 2-hydroxypropylgroup.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the carbohydrate derivative of formula (III) is methylcellulose claim 5 , hydroxyethyl methylcellulose or 2-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the carbohydrate derivative is 2-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a methoxy degree of substitution of about 1.2 to 1.6 per mole and/or a hydroxypropyl degree of substitution of about 0.15 to 0.25 per mole.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization of vinylidene fluoride in aqueous suspension is carried out in the presence of 0.005 to 20 g of alkylene oxide polymer (PAO) per kg of ...

Polymeric Yarns For Use In Communications Cables And Methods For Producing The Same

In some aspects, polymeric yarns and communications cables incorporating the same are provided herein. Additionally, in some aspects, methods of producing polymeric yarns and communications cables incorporating the same are provided.

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE PRODUCTION METHOD

A method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene which include polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene and a modifying monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a hydrocarbon surfactant to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene. An amount of the hydrocarbon surfactant at the initiation of polymerization is more than 50 ppm based on the aqueous medium. Further, the polytetrafluoroethylene contains 99.0% by mass or more of a polymerization unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and 1.0% by mass or less of a polymerization unit based on the modifying monomer. 1. A method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene comprising:polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene and a modifying monomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a hydrocarbon surfactant to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene,wherein an amount of the hydrocarbon surfactant at the initiation of polymerization is more than 50 ppm based on the aqueous medium, andthe polytetrafluoroethylene contains 99.0% by mass or more of a polymerization unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and 1.0% by mass or less of a polymerization unit based on the modifying monomer.2. The production method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding the modifying monomer to the aqueous medium before the initiation of polymerization or when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is 5.0% by mass or less.3. The production method according to claim 2 , wherein an amount of the modifying monomer added before the initiation of polymerization or when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is 5.0% by mass or less is 0.00001% by mass or more based on the obtained polytetrafluoroethylene.4. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein in the polymerization claim 1 , the number of polytetrafluoroethylene particles is 0.6×10particles/mL or more.5. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization includes continuously adding the hydrocarbon surfactant.6. The production method ...

FLUORINE-CONTAINING RESIN PARTICLE, COMPOSITION, LAYER-SHAPED ARTICLE, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

A fluorine-containing resin particle contains 0 or more and 30 or less carboxyl groups per 10carbon atoms and 0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of a basic compound. 1. A fluorine-containing resin particle comprising:{'sup': '6', '0 or more and 30 or less carboxyl groups per 10carbon atoms; and'}0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of a basic compound.2. The fluorine-containing resin particle according to claim 1 , comprising:{'sup': '6', '0 or more and 20 or less carboxyl groups per 10carbon atoms; and'}0 ppm or more and 3 ppm or less of the basic compound.3. The fluorine-containing resin particle according to claim 1 , comprising:{'sup': '6', '0 or more and 20 or less carboxyl groups per 10carbon atoms; and'}0 ppm or more and 1.5 ppm or less of the basic compound.4. The fluorine-containing resin particle according to claim 1 , wherein the basic compound is an amine compound.5. The fluorine-containing resin particle according to claim 1 , wherein the basic compound has a boiling point of 40° C. or more and 130° C. or less.6. The fluorine-containing resin particle according to claim 1 , comprising 0 ppb or more and 25 ppb or less of perfluorooctanoic acid.7. The fluorine-containing resin particle according to claim 6 , comprising 0 ppb or more and 20 ppb or less of perfluorooctanoic acid.8. The fluorine-containing resin particle according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing resin particle is obtained without performing irradiation during a production process.9. A composition comprising the fluorine-containing resin particle according to .10. The composition according to claim 9 , wherein the composition is liquid or solid.11. A layer-shaped article comprising the fluorine-containing resin particle according to .12. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive substrate; anda photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00011', 'claim 11'}, 'wherein an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE-FORMING APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate. An outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles and a fluorine-containing graft polymer having a fluorinated alkyl group. In an infrared absorption spectrum of the fluorine-containing graft polymer, a ratio of a peak area in a wavenumber range of from 1,020 cmto 1,308 cmto a peak area in a wavenumber range of from 1,673 cmto 1,779 cmis 2.7 or more and 4.8 or less. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive substrate; anda photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate,wherein an outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains fluorine-containing resin particles and a fluorine-containing graft polymer having a fluorinated alkyl group, and{'sup': −1', '−1', '−1', '−1, 'in an infrared absorption spectrum of the fluorine-containing graft polymer, a ratio of a peak area in a wavenumber range of from 1,020 cmto 1,308 cmto a peak area in a wavenumber range of from 1,673 cmto 1,779 cmis 2.7 or more and 4.8 or less.'}2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein in the infrared absorption spectrum of the fluorine-containing graft polymer claim 1 , the ratio of the peak area in the wavenumber range of from 1 claim 1 ,020 cmto 1 claim 1 ,308 cmto the peak area in the wavenumber range of from 1 claim 1 ,673 cmto 1 claim 1 ,779 cmis 2.8 or more and 4.8 or less.3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 , wherein in the infrared absorption spectrum of the fluorine-containing graft polymer claim 2 , the ratio of the peak area in the wavenumber range of from 1 claim 2 ,020 cmto 1 claim 2 ,308 cmto the peak area in the wavenumber range of from 1 claim 2 ,673 cmto 1 claim 2 ,779 cmis 3.5 or more and 4.8 or less.4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LOW-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE

Provided is a method for producing low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene which is less likely to generate C6-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof. The disclosure relates to a method for producing low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity at 380° C. of 1.0×10to 7.0×10Pa·s. The method includes (1) irradiating high-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene with radiation in a substantially oxygen-free state and decomposing the high-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene into a low-molecular-weight component and (2) deactivating, in a substantially oxygen-free state, at least part of main-chain radicals and end radicals generated by the irradiation and providing the low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene. 1. A method for producing low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity at 380° C. of 1.0×10to 7.0×10Pa·s , the method comprising:(1) irradiating high-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene with radiation in a substantially oxygen-free state and decomposing the high-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene into a low-molecular-weight component; and(2) deactivating, in a substantially oxygen-free state, at least part of main-chain radicals and end radicals generated by the irradiation and providing the low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene.2. A method for producing low-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity at 380° C. of 1.0×10to 7.0×10Pa·s , the method comprising:(1) irradiating high-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene with radiation in a substantially oxygen-free state and decomposing the high-molecular-weight polytetrafluoroethylene into a low-molecular-weight component; and{'sub': '1', '(2a) warming or heating the low-molecular-weight component obtained in the step (1) at a temperature of not lower than a room temperature transition temperature (19° C. that is a βdispersion temperature) of polytetrafluoroethylene in a substantially oxygen-free state and ...

MULTI-ACID POLYMERS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

A multi-acid polymer disclosed herein has the formula 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting the sulfonamide with the multi-sulfonyl halide compound comprises:soaking the sulfonamide in a solvent;adding a base to form the mild base condition;adding the multi-sulfonyl halide compound; andreacting at a temperature of 100° C. or less for a period of time.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when R is one unit of the polymer precursor without sulfonyl fluoride or sulfonyl chloride claim 1 , the method further comprises polymerizing the multi-acid polymer.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising: 'converting any remaining sites of the multi-acid polymer to acid form by ion-exchanging the multi-acid polymer with sulfuric acid solution to form the membrane.', 'forming a multi-acid membrane for a fuel cell from the multi-acid polymer by15. The multi-acid monomer of claim 14 , wherein the polymer precursor is 4-(trifluoro vinyl) benzene sulfonyl fluoride.16. The multi-acid monomer of claim 14 , wherein the polymer precursor is p-styrene sulfonyl fluoride/chloride.17. The multi-acid monomer of claim 14 , wherein the polymer precursor is perfluoro (3-oxapent-4-ene) sulfonyl fluoride.18. The multi-acid monomer of claim 14 , wherein the polymer precursor is ethene sulfonyl fluoride.19. The multi-acid monomer of claim 14 , wherein the polymer precursor is 2-propene-1-sulfonyl chloride.20. A multi-acid membrane made from the multi-acid polymer of .21. A multi-acid polymer made from repeating units of the multi-acid monomer of . This disclosure relates to multi-acid polymers from multifunctional amino acids and sulfonyl halide precursors and methods of making the multi-acid polymers.Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) generate power from electrochemical conversion of fuels, such as hydrogen and hydrocarbons, at their anodes and oxidants, such as oxygen and air, at their cathodes using the polymer membrane as electrolyte. The membrane acts ...

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE PRODUCTION METHOD

A method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene, which includes polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a nucleating agent and a hydrocarbon anionic surfactant to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene. A total amount of the nucleating agent and the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant at the initiation of polymerization is more than 50 ppm based on the aqueous medium. 1. A method for producing polytetrafluoroethylene comprising:polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of a nucleating agent and a hydrocarbon anionic surfactant to obtain polytetrafluoroethylene,wherein a total amount of the nucleating agent and the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant at the initiation of polymerization is more than 50 ppm based on the aqueous medium, andwherein the nucleating agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluoropolyether and a nonionic surfactant.2. (canceled)3. The production method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding the nucleating agent to the aqueous medium before the initiation of polymerization or when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is 5.0% by mass or less.4. The production method according to claim 3 ,wherein an amount of the nucleating agent added before the initiation of polymerization or when the concentration of polytetrafluoroethylene formed in the aqueous medium is 5.0% by mass or less is 0.001% by mass or more based on the obtained polytetrafluoroethylene.5. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein in the polymerization claim 1 , the number of polytetrafluoroethylene particles is 0.6×10particles/mL or more.6. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization includes continuously adding the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant.7. The production method according to claim 6 , wherein in the continuous addition of the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant claim 6 , the hydrocarbon anionic surfactant is started to be added to ...

Prohealing piezoelectric coatings

Provided herein is a prohealing piezoelectric coating and the method of making and using the same.

Systems, devices, and methods of making and using ptfe dental plugs

A method of using a dental filler is disclosed. The method may include securing a prosthetic to a dental implant, the prosthetic having an access channel therethrough. The method may also include filling a portion of the access channel by inserting a polytetrafluoroethylene dental plug into the access channel and compressing the polytetrafluoroethylene dental plug within the access channel.

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE TUBE

A polytetrafluoroethylene tube is provided and has a thickness of 0.1 mm or less, a tensile elongation at break of 350% or more, and a melting energy of 0.6 J/g or more which is calculated from an endothermic peak at 370° C.±5° C. in a procedure of increasing a temperature in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). 1. A polytetrafluoroethylene tube having a thickness of 0.1 mm or less , a tensile elongation at break of 350% or more , and a melting energy of 0.6 J/g or more which is calculated from an endothermic peak at 370° C.±5° C. in a procedure of increasing a temperature in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).2. The polytetrafluoroethlene tube according to claim 1 , wherein the tensile elongation at break is 450% or more.3. The polytetrafluoroethylene tube according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '2', 'wherein a tensile strength at a tube displacement amount of 10 mm when being measured at a distance of 50 mm between chucks is 50 N/mmor more.'}4. A polytetrafluoroethylene tube having a thickness of 5% or less of an outer diameter claim 1 , a tensile elongation at break of 350% or more claim 1 , and a melting energy of 0.6 J/g or more which is calculated from an endothermic peak at 370° C.±5° C. in a procedure of increasing a temperature in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).5. The polytetrafluoroethlene tube according to claim 4 , wherein the tensile elongation at break is 450% or more.6. The polytetrafluoroethylene tube according to claim 4 ,{'sup': '2', 'wherein a tensile strength at a tube displacement amount of 10 mm when being measured at a distance of 50 mm between chucks is 50 N/mmor more.'}7. The polytetrafluoroethylene tube according to claim 2 ,{'sup': '2', 'wherein a tensile strength at a tube displacement amount of 10 mm when being measured at a distance of 50 mm between chucks is 50 N/mmor more.'}8. The polytetrafluoroethylene tube according to claim 5 ,{'sup': '2', 'wherein a tensile strength at a tube displacement amount of 10 mm when being ...

POLYUNSATURATED COMPOUND FOR CURING FLUOROELASTOMER COMPOSITIONS

The invention pertains to a polyunsaturated compound having formula (I) [compound (DAIC-PFPE)]: T-O—R-T wherein: —Ris (per)fluoropolyoxyalkylene chain [chain (R)] comprising recurring units having at least one catenary ether bond and Sat least one fluorocarbon moiety; Tand T, equal to or different from each other, are selected from the group consisting of: (i) C-C(hydro)(fluoro)carbon groups, possibly comprising one or more than one of H, O, and Cl; and (ii) (hydro)(fluoro)carbon group comprising at least one diallylisocyanurate group of formula (A) wherein each of R, R, R, R, R, and Ris, independently, a hydrogen atom or a C-Chydrocarbon group, preferably a hydrogen atom (group T), with the provisio that at least one of Tand Tis a group T, to a process for its manufacture and its use for curing fluoroelastomers, to fluoroelastomer compositions comprising the same, as well as to a process for producing fluororubber mouldings therefrom.

Mixed PTFE Powder and a High Density Multi Expanded (HDME) PTFE Yarn with Excellent Tensile Strength Using the PTFE Powder, and Methods of Preparing the Same

A mixed PTFE powder according to the present invention is prepared by the steps of preparing a PTFE mixed dispersion by dispersing MoS, AlO, and Al(OH)in a PTFE emulsion; dehydrating the PTFE mixed dispersion by adding NaCOinto the PTFE mixed dispersion to form a cake type compound; preparing an ingot by drying the cake type compound for about 16 to 24 hours at the temperature of about 120 to 190° C.; and pulverizing the ingot in a 30-35 mesh vibrating net. An HDME PTFE yarn according to the present invention is prepared by the steps of preparing the mixed PTFE powder; adding kerosene of about 18 to 25 wt. % as solvent to the mixed PTFE powder and maintaining the resultant for about 40 to 50 hours at the temperature of about 30 to 50° C.; extruding the resulting mixed PTFE into the form of rod at about 70 to 90° C.; calendering the rod into the form of sheet at about 100 to 150° C., the width of the sheet being about 100 to 300 mm and the thickness about 0.3 to 0.7 mm; folding the sheet to become a three layered sheet and passing through the three layered sheet in an oven of about 250 to 270° C. at a speed of about 10 to 40 cm per second; and drawing the three-layered sheet at the temperature of about 450 to 500° C. at the speed of about 30 to 100 cm/s and the drawing ratio of about 200 to 600%. 1. A method of preparing mixed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder for preparing a high density multi expanded (HDME) PTFE yarn with a high tensile strength , which comprises the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '3, 'preparing a PTFE mixed dispersion by dispersing MoS, AlO, and Al(OH)in PTFE emulsion having 10 to 25% by weight of solid PTFE;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2', '3', '3, 'dehydrating the PTFE mixed dispersion by adding NaCOinto the PTFE mixed dispersion in order to remove the solid PTFE, MoS, AlO, and Al(OH)from the PTFE mixed dispersion to form a cake type compound;'}preparing an ingot by drying the cake type compound for about 16 to 24 hours at the temperature of ...

POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE AQUEOUS DISPERSION, AND POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE FINE POWDER

The present invention aims to provide a polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous dispersion which contains significantly minute polytetrafluoroethylene particles and which is excellent in dispersion stability, and a significantly minute polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder. The polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous dispersion contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles including a tetrafluoroethylene unit alone or a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a modifying monomer unit derived from a modifying monomer copolymerizable with the tetrafluoroethylene unit. The polytetrafluoroethylene particles have a volume average particle size of not smaller than 0.1 nm but smaller than 20 nm. 1. A polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous dispersion comprisingpolytetrafluoroethylene particles comprising a tetrafluoroethylene unit alone or a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a modifying monomer unit derived from a modifying monomer copolymerizable with the tetrafluoroethylene,the polytetrafluoroethylene particles having a volume average particle size of not smaller than 0.1 nm but smaller than 20 nm.2. The polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 , further comprisinga fluorosurfactant having a Log POW value of not higher than 3.4 in an amount corresponding to 4600 to 500000 ppm of the aqueous dispersion.5. A polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder comprisingpolytetrafluoroethylene comprising a tetrafluoroethylene unit alone or a tetrafluoroethylene unit and a modifying monomer unit derived from a modifying monomer copolymerizable with the tetrafluoroethylene,the powder having a volume average particle size of not smaller than 0.1 nm but smaller than 20 nm. The present invention relates to a method of producing a polytetrafluoroethylene aqueous dispersion and a polytetrafluoroethylene fine powder.Fluororesin aqueous dispersions are usually produced by emulsion polymerizing a fluoromonomer in the presence of a fluorosurfactant. Conventional fluorosurfactants are long-chain fluorosurfactants such as ...

POLYMERIC YARNS FOR USE IN COMMUNICATIONS CABLES AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

In some aspects, polymeric yarns and communications cables incorporating the same are provided herein. Additionally, in some aspects, methods of producing polymeric yarns and communications cables incorporating the same are provided. 1. A telecommunications cable , comprising:a plurality of twisted pairs of conductors extending along a length of the cable, wherein each of the twisted pairs comprises two insulated conductors, anda fibrillated polymeric yarn comprising a plurality of filaments, said fibrillated polymeric yarn extending longitudinally between the two insulated conductors of at least one of said twisted pairs of conductors so as to at least partially separate said two insulated conductors relative to on another.2. The telecommunications cable of claim 1 , wherein said fibrillated polymeric yarn is disposed between said two insulated conductors so as to stabilize any of orientation and spacing of said pairs of conductors relative to one another.3. The telecommunications cable of claim 1 , wherein said fibrillated polymeric yarn comprises a fluoropolymer.4. The telecommunications cable of claim 1 , wherein said fluoropolymer comprises any of PVDF claim 1 , PVF claim 1 , ECTFE claim 1 , and ETFE.5. The telecommunications cable of claim 1 , wherein said fluoropolymer comprises a perfluoropolymer.6. The telecommunications cable of claim 5 , wherein said perfluoropolymer comprises any of PFA claim 5 , MFA and FEP.7. The telecommunications cable of claim 1 , wherein said fibrillated polymeric yarn comprises a polyolefin.8. The telecommunications cable of claim 1 , wherein said filaments exhibit an average linear mass density in a range of about 8 to about 100 denier.9. The telecommunications cable of claim 1 , further comprising a separator having a plurality of channels for receiving said plurality of twisted pairs.10. The telecommunications cable of claim 1 , wherein said filaments have a substantially uniform cross-sectional area.11. The telecommunications ...

COMPOSITION, ORGANIC PHOTOELECTRONIC ELEMENT, AND PRODUCTION METHODS THEREFOR

To provide a composition having a very low refractive index, an organic photoelectronic element using the composition, and simple methods for producing such a composition and an organic photoelectronic element. 1. A composition comprising a fluorinated polymer , an organic semiconductor material and a dopant.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated polymer has a refractive index in a wavelength range of from 450 nm to 800 nm of at most 1.5.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated polymer is a fluorinated polymer having an alicyclic ring in its main chain.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated polymer has a mass average molecular weight of from 1 claim 1 ,500 to 50 claim 1 ,000.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated polymer has a saturated vapor pressure at 300° C. of at least 0.001 Pa.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the proportion of the fluorinated polymer is from 30 to 70 vol % to the total amount of the fluorinated polymer claim 1 , the organic semiconductor material and the dopant.7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the proportion of the dopant is from 10 to 200 parts by mole per 100 parts by mole of the total amount of substance of the organic semiconductor material.8. The composition according to claim 1 , which has a surface roughness of at most 1.0 nm by RMS.9. The composition according to claim 1 , which has an absorption coefficient in a wavelength range of from 450 nm to 800 nm of at most 5 claim 1 ,000 cm.10. The composition according to claim 1 , which has a refractive index in a wavelength range of from 450 nm to 800 nm of at most 1.60.11. An organic photoelectronic element having a layer comprising the composition as defined in .12. The organic photoelectronic element according to claim 11 , wherein the organic photoelectronic element is an organic EL device.13. A method for producing a layer comprising the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSING FLUOROPOLYMER MATERIALS AND RELATED WORKPIECES

A method for removing perfluorinated compounds from a fluoropolymer material is provided. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing the fluoropolymer material in a chamber; (b) providing an anaerobic environment in the chamber; and (c) providing a fluorination gas in the chamber, thereby exposing the fluoropolymer material to the fluorination gas. The method results in the removal the perfluorinated compounds from the fluoropolymer material. 2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of(d) withdrawing the fluorination gas from the chamber; and(e) withdrawing the processed fluoropolymer from the chamber.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of heating the chamber to a temperature in a range of 25° C. to 325° C. claim 1 , and wherein the fluoropolymer material is exposed to the fluorination gas at a chamber pressure in a range of 5 PSIA to 55 PSIA.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer material is expose to the fluorination gas for a time period in a range of 1 hour to 1000 hours.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluorination gas comprises 1 vol % to 100 vol % fluorine.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluorination gas comprises 99 vol % to 0 vol % of an inert gas claim 1 , wherein the inert gas comprises nitrogen.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein an amount of the fluorine exposed to the fluoropolymer material ranges from 0.1 pounds of fluorine per 1000 pounds of fluoropolymer material to 20.0 pounds of fluorine per 1000 pounds of the fluoropolymer material.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the fluorination gas of step (c) includes providing a continuous flow of the fluorination gas into and/or out of the chamber.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer material is provided in a bulk material form.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer material is provided as part of a workpiece.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluoropolymer material is a virgin fluoropolymer ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A THERMOPLASTIC POLYMER POWDER

Process for producing a thermoplastic polymer powder, which comprises the steps of: (i) compression-molding a powdery raw material of a thermoplastic polymer to form tablets, by means of a tablet press; and, (ii) comminuting the tablets to form the thermoplastic polymer powder. Further disclosed is a polymer powder obtained by said process, which typically has an average particle size ranging from 1 to 100 μm, and is further characterized by a combination of attributes which are in favour of powder coating application. 1. A process for producing a thermoplastic polymer powder , the process comprising:(i) compression-molding a powdery raw material of a thermoplastic polymer to form tablets, by means of a tablet press; and,(ii) comminuting the tablets to form the thermoplastic polymer powder.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the tablet press is a rotary tablet press.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the tablet press is a single punch tablet press.4. The process of claim 1 ,wherein the step (ii) only includes milling the tablets.5. The process of claim 1 , further comprising:(iii) classifying the thermoplastic polymer powder to remove particles with a size in a predetermined range and obtain a classified powder.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein step (iii) comprises:(iii-a) Removing fine particles with a size of less than 1 μm by classification, and/or(iii-b) Removing coarse particles with a size of more than 100 μm by classification,wherein the sequence of step (iii-a) and step (iii-b) is exchangeable.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein step (iii-a) is performed after step (iii-b).8. The process of claim 6 , wherein step (iii-a) is performed by an air classifier.9. The process of claim 6 , further comprising: recycling the fine particles removed from step (iii-a) to the compression-molding step (i) claim 6 , and/or recycling the coarse particles removed from step (iii-b) to the comminuting step (ii).10. The process of claim 5 , further comprising:(iv) contacting ...

CARBON BRUSH ARRANGEMENT

The invention relates to a carbon brush arrangement for connection to an electric motor, comprising at least one carbon brush () connected to a connection means () provided with a plastic connection housing () via a connection conductor () provided with a plastic sheath (), said plastic sheath () consisting of perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA) in at least a region of transition () to the connection housing (). 1. A carbon brush arrangement for connection to an electric motor , comprising:at least one carbon brush; anda connection conductor connecting said at least one carbon brush to a plastic connection housing, said connection conductor provided with a plastic sheath consisting of a perfluoroalkoxy polymer (PFA) in at least a region of transition to the connection housing.2. The carbon brush arrangement according to claim 1 , in which the connection housing consists of a plastic material.3. The carbon brush arrangement according to claim 2 , in which the connection housing consists of a thermoplastic plastic material.4. The carbon brush arrangement according to claim 3 , in which the connection housing consists of PFA claim 3 , POM or PPS.5. The carbon brush arrangement according to claim 1 , in which the plastic sheath consists of PFA across its entire length between the carbon brush and the connection housing. The present invention relates to a carbon brush arrangement for connection to an electric motor, comprising at least one carbon brush connected to a connection means provided with a plastic connection housing via a connection conductor provided with a plastic sheath.Carbon brush arrangements of the kind mentioned above are used to supply electric motors with power in an aggressive environment where the connection conductors have to be shielded particularly well against corrosive influences by means of the plastic sheath. This is the case, for example, in electric motors employed for driving a fuel pump in a fuel tank. In particular the use of ...

MELT-PROCESSIBLE FLUOROPOLYMER

The present invention pertains to a melt-processible fluoropolymer, to a composition comprising said melt-processible fluoropolymer, to a process for manufacturing said melt-processible fluoropolymer and to uses of said melt-processible fluoropolymer in various applications. 1. A fluoropolymer [polymer (F)] comprising:from 60% to 80% by moles of recurring units derived from tetrafluoroethylene (TFE),from 15% to 35% by moles of recurring units derived from vinylidene fluoride (VDF), and{'sub': 2', '3', '7, 'from 1% to 5% by moles of recurring units derived from perfluoropropylvinylether of formula CF═CF—O—CF,'}wherein the molar amounts of said recurring units are relative to the total moles of recurring units in said polymer (F).2. The polymer (F) of claim 1 , said polymer (F) having a melting point (T) comprised between 170° C. and 300° C.3. The polymer (F) according to claim 1 , said polymer having a melt flow index claim 1 , measured at 300° C. under a 5 kg load according to ASTM D 1238 claim 1 , of at least 0.2 g/10 min and/or of at most 20 g/10 min.4. The polymer (F) according to claim 1 , said polymer (F) having an elongation at break higher than 350% claim 1 , as measured at 200° C. according to ASTM D 3307 standard method claim 1 , and/or having a strain hardening index (SHI) claim 1 , measured according to the following equation:{'br': None, 'SHI=[σ (200% strain)−σ (100% strain)]/[ε (200% strain)−σ (100% strain)]'}wherein a represents the applied stress on the material and c represents the strain,wherein the stress and the strain were measured according to ASTM D 3307 standard method,of at least 2.5 MPa at a temperature of 23° C.5. An aqueous latex comprising at least one polymer (F) according to .6. The aqueous latex according to claim 5 , said aqueous latex further comprising at least one surfactant (S).7. The aqueous latex according to claim 6 , wherein the surfactant (S) is selected from the group consisting of:hydrogenated surfactants (H),fluorinated ...

Non-aqueous dispersion

Provided is a highly stable non-aqueous dispersion even without surfactants. The present invention relates to a non-aqueous dispersion including a fluoropolymer and a non-aqueous solvent, the fluoropolymer in the non-aqueous dispersion having an average dispersed particle size of smaller than 1.0 μm, the fluoropolymer being present in an amount of 5 to 45% by mass, the non-aqueous solvent having a surface tension of 30 mN/m or lower, the non-aqueous dispersion containing a surfactant in an amount of less than 0.1% by mass relative to the fluoropolymer.

Process for preparing block copolymer of monoolefin

A process for preparing a block copolymer of an α-olefin and a vinyl compound is here disclosed which comprises the steps of polymerizing an olefin selected from ethylene and the α-olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms by the use of a divalent or a trivalent rare earth metal complex, and then polymerizing a vinyl compound, a vinylidene compound or a lactone. According to the process of the present invention, a polar group can be introduced into a polyolefin, whereby the characteristics of the polymer can be effectively improved.

Process for Preparing block copolymer of monoolefin

A process for preparing a block copolymer of an α-olefin and a vinyl compound is here disclosed which comprises the steps of polymerizing an olefin selected from ethylene and the α-olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms by the use of a divalent or a trivalent rare earth metal complex, and then polymerizing a vinyl compound, a vinylidene compound or a lactone. According to the process of the present invention, a polar group can be introduced into a polyolefin, whereby the characteristics of the polymer can be effectively improved.

Melt-processible Poly(tetrafluoroethylene)

Melt-processible, thermoplastic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) compositions are disclosed and methods for making and processing same. Additionally, products comprising these compositions are described.

Process for preparing block copolymer of monoolefin

Process for producing block copolymer on monoolefin

Olefin block copolymer and method of producing same

An olefin block copolymer comprising the following segment A: and the following segment B: bonded in block, and the Q value of the segment A is at most 3.5, the Q value of the segment B is at most 4.0, and the amount of the segment B is at least 5 wt%, wherein R¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1-12 carbon atoms, R² represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1-6 carbon atoms, R³ represents a hydrocarbon residue of 1-18 carbon atoms, m is an integer 70 or more, and n is an integer 50 or more. This block copolymer is manufactured by the two stages of polymerization of ethylene and acylic acid or the ester thereof using a catalyst comprising a lithium compound containing a cyclopentadienyl group, an alkaline metal compound bearing aklyl or aryl groups, and a halide of a lanthanide series of metal or yttrium.

Process for producing block copolymer on monoolefin

Block copolymer having an ethylene-propylene copolymer bonded to a polymethacrylate ester

ABSTRACT A novel block copolymer is disclosed which includes a random ethylene-propylene copolymer segment (A) and a methacrylate segment (B). The block copolymer has a number-average molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 600,000 and a ratio of (A) to (B) of 15/85 to 97/3 by weight. The novel block copolymer is useful as a dyeing agent, adhesive, polymer modifier, compatibilizing agent, or surface modifier.

Process for preparing tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers

Copolymers of vinylic monomers including tetrafluoroethylene and ethylene are made by aqueous emulsion polymerisation at 30 to 95°C and a pressure of 1.5 to 4MPa using a peroxy polymerisation initiator and in the presence of tert.-butyl alcohol and of 1,1,2,2-­tetra-chloro-1,2-difluoro-ethane.

Polymerisation of tetrafluoroethylene

1,200,753. Tetrafluoroethylene polymers. IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd. 12 June, 1968 [12 July, 1967], No. 32136/67. Heading C3P. Solid polymers of tetrafluoroethylene are prepared by contacting tetrafluoroethylene under anhydrous conditions with a catalyst system comprising antimony pentafluoride and a solvent at temperatures from 0‹ to 50‹ C. and at pressures from one atmosphere to the autogenous pressure developed by carrying out the reaction in a closed vessel. The solvent is a substance whose principal function is to dissolve one or both of tetrafluoroethylene and antimony pentafluoride, but which may also modify the polymer formed. Examples of such solvents are anhydrous liquid sulphur dioxide, anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, anhydrous fluorosuiphonic acid and anhydrous tetrafluoroethylene tetramer (C 2 F 4 ) 4 .

Process for the production of homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride or copolymers thereof in the presence of a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon solvent

Process for homopolymerizing vinylidene fluoride or copolymerizing it with at least one other polymerizable compound such as hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, vinyl chloride or the like, characterized by the fact that the polymerization reaction is carried out mainly in the liquid phase in a condensed system containing the material to be polymerized and a fluorine-containing hydrocarbon solvent such as trichlorotrifluoroethanes, octafluorocyclobutane or the like, by the irradiation of ionizing radiation.

Fluoroolefin polymerization process using fluoroxy compound solution as initiator

A process for the polymerization of fluorinated olefin monomers using a fluoroxy compound solution as initiator, wherein said solution has a fluoroxy compound concentration of at least 0.5 meq/liter. The concentration contains, based on the total number of fluoroxy compounds present, about 35 to 100% of an acyl hypofluorite of the formula RCOOF wherein R is X(CF 2 ) n -- or CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 O[CF(CF 3 )CF 2 O] m CF(CF 3 )-- wherein n is 1 to 16, m is 0 to 50, and X is H or F.

Fluoroolefin polymerization process using acyl hypofluorite catalyst

A process for the polymerization of fluorinated olefin monomers using a fluoroxy compound solution as initiator, wherein said solution has a fluoroxy compound concentration of at least 0.5 meq/liter. The concentration contains, based on the total number of fluoroxy compounds present, about 35 to 100% of an acyl hypofluorite of the formula X(CF 2 ) n COOF wherein X is H or F and n is 1 to 16.