System and Method for Improving Zonal Isolation in a Well

The disclosure relates to a system ( 10 ) for improving zonal isolation in a well in a subterranean formation, comprising: a tubular ( 1 ) having a outer surface ( 11 ); and a swellable coating ( 2 ) coating the outer surface ( 11 ) of said tubular ( 1 ), said swellable coating ( 2 ) having an external surface ( 21 ); and/or a composition ( 20 ) provided in an annular space outside said tubular ( 1 ). The swellable coating ( 2 ) is made of a first swellable material ( 3 ) able to swell in contact with a first fluid ( 6 ) on said external surface ( 21 ) and/or the composition ( 20 ) is made of a second swellable material ( 4 ) able to swell in contact with a second fluid ( 7 ), and wherein said first ( 3 ) and/or said second ( 4 ) swellable materials include an elastomer compounded with an aqueous inverse emulsion of particles of a polymer comprising a betaine group, said elastomer being able to swell in contact with hydrocarbon and saline aqueous fluids.

FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYMER AQUEOUS DISPERSION

Disclosed is a fluorine-containing polymer aqueous dispersion in which a fluorine-containing polymer is dispersed using, as an emulsifier, a polyfluoroalkylphosphonic acid salt represented by the general formula: 2. The fluorine-containing polymer aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein the polyfluoroalkylphosphonic acid salt is used as an ammonium salt.3. The fluorine-containing polymer aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 , which is obtained by emulsion polymerization of the fluorine-containing monomer in the presence of an aqueous solution of the polyfluoroalkylphosphonic acid salt emulsifier represented by the general formula [I].4. A method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer claim 3 , the method comprising subjecting a product obtained by coagulating the fluorine-containing polymer aqueous dispersion according to to filtration claim 3 , water washing and drying.5. The method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer according to claim 4 , wherein the coagulation is carried out by by salting-out.6. (canceled) The present invention relates to a fluorine-containing polymer aqueous dispersion. More particularly, the present invention relates to a fluorine-containing polymer aqueous dispersion using an emulsifier with a low bioaccumulation potential and having excellent mechanical stability.Perfluoroalkyl group-containing carboxylic acids (salts) are widely used in the emulsion polymerization of fluorine-containing monomers as fluoro-based surfactants that act as emulsifiers. In particular, perfluorooctanoic acid CFCOOH or a salt thereof (hereinafter abbreviated as [PFOA]) is known as a surfactant having excellent monomer-emulsifying properties and latex stability.However, perfluorinated chemical substances are difficult to degrade in the natural environment. Further, it has recently been revealed that Cperfluorinated compounds, typified by PFOA, are extremely remaining in the human body. In addition, due to the high affinity of PFOA to ...

Method for producing a water-absorbent resin

A method for producing a water-absorbent resin comprising at least two stages of reversed-phase suspension polymerization, wherein the first stage of the at least two stages of reversed-phase suspension polymerization comprises the following steps of: (A) performing a primary dispersion by stirring to mix in the absence of surfactants an aqueous solution of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a hydrophilic polymeric dispersion agent with a petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium in which a hydrophobic polymeric dispersion agent dissolves or disperses; (B) further performing a secondary dispersion by adding a surfactant to the resultant dispersion liquid; and (C) performing a polymerization by using a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator to obtain a water-absorbent resin as particles in a hydrous gel state which disperse in the petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium, and a water-absorbent resin obtained by the method.

Method for producing a water-absorbent resin

A method for producing a water-absorbent resin by performing a reversed-phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium, comprising the following steps of: (A) performing a primary dispersion in the absence of surfactants by adding an aqueous solution of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer containing a hydrophilic polymeric dispersion agent to a petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium in which a hydrophobic polymeric dispersion agent was heat-dispersed or heat-dissolved, under stirring; (B) further performing a secondary dispersion by adding a surfactant to a dispersion liquid obtained after the primary dispersion; and (C) performing the reversed-phase suspension polymerization by using a radical polymerization initiator; and the water-absorbent resin obtained by the method.

Method for producing a water-absorbent resin

A method for producing a water-absorbent resin having a further reduced odor as compared with a water-absorbent resin obtained by a conventional method as well as a water-absorbent resin produced by the same method, by maintaining the addition rate V from the pouring nozzle for the aqueous solution of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a polymerization reaction tank not more than 0.30 [min −1 ], in the first stage polymerization step which is within the step of the conventional method upon performing multi-stages such as two or more stages of reversed-phase suspension polymerizations in a method for producing a water-absorbent resin, and thereby by being able to reduce the amount of the petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium remaining in the above water-absorbent resin.

Method for Preparing Polycondensation Resin

Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a polycondensation resin. The method includes preparing a low degree condensate; and solid phase polymerizing the low degree condensate, wherein a granular molded article is introduced into the solid phase polymerization. The method enables efficient manufacture of high quality resins without problems such as agglomeration or scaling of a low degree condensate in pipes. 1. A method for preparing a polycondensation resin , comprising:preparing a low degree condensate; andsolid phase polymerizing the low degree condensate,wherein a granular molded article is provided upon solid phase polymerization.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the granular molded article is a granular compression-molded article of the low degree condensate.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the granular molded article of the low degree condensate is prepared by compression molding of the low degree condensate at about 10 MPa to about 800 MPa.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the solid phase polymerization is performed in a longitudinal tower type apparatus or a longitudinal tower type machine.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the granular molded article is a granular molded article of a thermoplastic resin.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the low degree condensate is prepared in the form of crystalline powder claim 5 , and the crystalline powder of the low degree condensate and the granular molded article of the thermoplastic resin are mixed to carry out solid phase polymerization.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the thermoplastic resin is end-capped with an end capping agent.8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the granular molded article of the thermoplastic resin is mixed in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % with respect to the crystalline powder of the low degree condensate.9. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the granular molded article of the thermoplastic resin ...

COMPOSITE SHEET

Provided is a novel composite sheet, including a substrate and a foamed layer which is provided on at least one surface side of the substrate, at a low cost in an environment-friendly manner, in which the composite sheet includes a foamed layer having a uniform fine-cell structure, the average pore diameter of each of spherical cells of the foamed layer can be precisely controlled to a small one, the control range of the density of the foamed layer is wide, the control range of the thickness of the foamed layer is wide, and the composite sheet can express an excellent mechanical strength and is preferably excellent in toughness and heat resistance. The composite sheet includes a substrate; and a foamed layer which is provided on at least one surface side of the substrate, in which: the foamed layer has spherical cells, an average pore diameter of each of the spherical cells being less than 30 μm; and the foamed layer has a density of 0.1 g/cmto 0.9 g/cm.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ETHYLENE HOMOPOLYMERS OR COPOLYMERS IN A TUBULAR REACTOR WITH AT LEAST TWO REACTION ZONES HAVING DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF CHAIN TRANSFER AGENT

Process for preparing ethylene homopolymers or copolymers in the presence of free-radical polymerization initiator and at least one chain transfer agent at pressures in the range of from 110 MPa to 350 MPa and temperatures in the range of from 100° C. to 350° C. in a tubular reactor with at least two reaction zones having different concentrations of the chain transfer agent, wherein the concentration of the chain transfer agent in the first reaction zone is less than 70% of the concentration of the chain transfer agent in the reaction zone with the highest concentration of the chain transfer agent, ethylene homopolymers or copolymers obtainable by such a process, the use of the ethylene homopolymers or copolymers for extrusion coating and a process for extrusion coating a substrate selected from the group consisting of paper, paperboard, polymeric film, and metal, with such ethylene homopolymers or copolymers. 1. A process for preparing ethylene homopolymers or ethylene copolymers comprising the step of:(i) polymerizing ethylene or ethylene copolymers in the presence of a free-radical polymerization initiator and at least one chain transfer agent at pressures in the range of from 110 MPa to 350 MPa and temperatures in the range of from 100° C. to 350° C. in a tubular reactor with at least two reaction zones having different concentrations of the chain transfer agent, wherein the concentration of the chain transfer agent in the first reaction zone is less than 70% of the concentration of the chain transfer agent in the reaction zone with the highest concentration of the chain transfer agent.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein no fresh chain transfer agent is added to the first reaction zone.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the polymerization in the first reaction zone is carried out in the absence of the chain transfer agent.4. The process of claim 1 , in which the non-polymerized components of the reaction mixture leaving the reactor are separated from obtained ...

CHAIN TRANSFER AGENT, PHOTOSENSITIVE COMPOSITION, CURED PRODUCT OF PHOTOSENSITIVE COMPOSITION, AND METHOD FOR CURING PHOTOSENSITIVE COMPOSITION

There are provided a photosensitive composition, and a cured product of the photosensitive composition, the photosensitive composition being an ultraviolet curable composition that is curable in a short time while a portion of the photosensitive composition such as a dark portion where radicals are not generated at all is curable. A cured product is obtained by curing a photosensitive composition by ultraviolet irradiation, the photosensitive composition containing an ultraviolet curable material, and a chain transfer agent that contains an ingredient (a) that is a compound containing at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a urethane bond, a urea bond and an isocyanate group, and an ingredient (b) that is a metal-containing compound, wherein a portion of the composition where irradiation light does not reach is curable. 1. A chain transfer agent comprising:an ingredient (a) that comprises a compound comprising one or more pieces of at least one kind selected from the group consisting of a urethane bond, a urea bond, and an isocyanate group; andan ingredient (b) that comprises a metal-containing compound.2. The chain transfer agent according to claim 1 ,wherein the ingredient (b) comprises a metal-containing compound comprising at least one kind of metal selected from the group consisting of tin, copper, zinc, cobalt, and nickel.3. The chain transfer agent according to claim 1 ,wherein a ratio between the ingredient (a) and the ingredient (b) is within a range from 100:0.001 to 100:10 at a mass ratio.4. The chain transfer agent according to claim 1 ,wherein the agent is used by being added to a radical polymerizable material, and is arranged to improve a curing property of the radical polymerizable material at a site where no radical is generated.5. A photosensitive composition comprising:an ultraviolet curable material; anda chain transfer agent comprising:an ingredient (a) that comprises a compound comprising at least one kind selected from the ...

Method for polymerisation of (meth)acrylic acid in solution, polymer solutions obtained and their uses

The present invention relates to a new solvent-free preparation method of a (meth)acrylic acid polymer in solution, where said polymer has a molecular weight less than 8,000 g/mol and a polydispersity IP index between 2 and 3 by radical polymerisation, the polymers obtained by this means, and their applications in industry.

Water-absorbing resin, and absorbent article

Provided is a water-absorbing resin that exhibits excellent absorption performance and a high permeation rate with respect to liquids to be absorbed, and that effectively reduces liquid leakages, even in an absorbent body using a large amount of the water-absorbing resin. The water-absorbing resin is formed from a polymer of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and when a cross-sectional image of the water-absorbing resin obtained by X-ray computer tomography is observed, the ratio (cavity area ratio) as calculated by formula (I) of the area of cavity portions in the cross-sectional image is 2-10%. The liquid flow rate index as calculated by formula (II) when a physiological saline liquid column flow rate test is performed on the water-absorbent resin having a particle diameter of 250 to 500 μm at 37° C. is 5-20. (I) Cavity area ratio [%]={total cross-sectional area (B) of cavity portions in the water-absorbing resin/(total cross-sectional area (A) of resin portions in the water-absorbing resin+total cross-sectional area (B) of cavity portions in the water-absorbing resin)×100} (II) Liquid flow rate index={liquid flow rate (CPR2) during 10 second period between 50 seconds and 60 seconds after initiation of liquid flow/liquid flow rate (CPR1) during 10 second period after initiation of liquid flow}×100

REVERSE-PHASE POLYMERISATION PROCESS INCORPORATING A MICROFLUIDIC DEVICE

Disclosed herein is a polymerization process involving the steps of generating monomer micro-volumes in a microfluidic device, feeding the monomer micro-volumes through the at least one first microfluidic channel towards a monomer feed point at which the monomer micro-volumes enter into or onto a volume of a non-aqueous liquid and form aqueous monomer droplets, allowing the aqueous monomer droplets to flow towards a polymer bead discharge point, initiating polymerisation of the aqueous monomer droplets to form polymerising beads, removing a suspension of the polymer beads in the non-aqueous liquid from the vessel at the polymer bead discharge point, and recovering water soluble or water swellable polymer beads from the suspension. The present disclosure also includes an apparatus for performing the polymerization process and water soluble or water swellable polymer beads obtained by the polymerization process. 1. A reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer droplets of an aqueous solution comprising water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerising the monomer or monomer blend , to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid , and recovering polymer beads , the process comprising:providing in a vessel a volume of non-aqueous liquid wherein the volume of non-aqueous liquid extends between at least one polymer bead discharge point and at least one monomer feed point,generating monomer micro-volumes in at least one microfluidic device, said monomer micro-volumes being separated by non-aqueous liquid in at least one first microfluidic channel,feeding the monomer micro-volumes through the at least one first microfluidic channel towards the at least one monomer feed point at which the monomer micro-volumes enter into or onto the volume of non-aqueous liquid and form aqueous monomer droplets,allowing the aqueous monomer droplets to flow towards the ...

TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE POLY(2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE) (PHEMA) AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

Temperature-responsive poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. In the preparation method, with a system consisting of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) (an oxidant) and 2-methyl-N-[3-(methyl-phenyl-amino)-propyl]-acrylamide (MPAEMA) or 2-methyl-N-[3-(methyl-phenyl-amino)-propyl]-propionamide (MEMA) (a reducing agent monomer) as a redox initiation system, water and toluene as media, a nonionic surfactant as an emulsifier, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as a polymerization monomer, polymerization is conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure to obtain the PHEMA. An alcohol solution of the PHEMA has an upper critical solution temperature (UCST). The method has the advantages of simple and stable polymerization system, low polymerization cost, easy operation, mild conditions, small impact on the environment, and low energy consumption. Moreover, a molecular weight and UCST of a product are controllable within a specified range. 1. Use of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) in a temperature-responsive intelligent material , comprising preparing the PHEMA into an i-propanol solution of the PHEMA or an n-propanol solution of the PHEMA to obtain the temperature-responsive intelligent material , wherein temperature-responsive intelligent material undergoes an abrupt increase in absorbance during a temperature decreasing process at a temperature range of 2° C. to 25° C. , indicating a temperature response; the PHEMA has a weight average molecular weight (WAMW) of 133 ,000 g/mol to 2 ,442 ,000 g/mol.2. The use of the PHEMA in the temperature-responsive intelligent material according to claim 1 , wherein the PHEMA has a concentration of 1 mg/mL to 15 mg/mL in the i-propanol solution or the n-propanol solution; and the i-propanol solution or the n-propanol solution of the PHEMA has a cloud point of 2° C. to 23° C.3. The use of the PHEMA in the temperature-responsive intelligent material according to claim 1 , ...

AQUEOUS COPOLYMER DISPERSIONS AND THEIR USE IN COATING COMPOSITIONS

An aqueous copolymer dispersion is obtained by a multi-stage emulsion polymerization process comprising polymerizing in a reaction zone in a first polymerization stage a first monomer composition comprising at least 88 wt % of a vinyl ester of a Cto Ccarboxylic acid and up to 12 wt % ethylene to produce a first stage polymer having Tg>20° C.; and polymerizing in the reaction zone, in a second polymerization stage and in the presence of the first stage polymer, a second monomer composition comprising a vinyl ester of a Cto Ccarboxylic acid and a Cto Calkyl ester of (meth)acrylic acid to produce a second stage polymer having Tg≤20° C. Each of the polymerization stages is conducted in the presence of a stabilizing system comprising at least 0.1 wt % of a protective colloid and at least 0.05 wt % of an ionic surfactant. 1. An aqueous copolymer dispersion obtained by a free radical-initiated multi-stage emulsion polymerization process comprising:{'sub': 1', '18, '(a) polymerizing in a reaction zone in a first polymerization stage a first monomer composition comprising at least 88 weight percent of at least one vinyl ester of a Cto Ccarboxylic acid and up to 12 weight percent ethylene to produce a first stage polymer having a glass transition temperature Tg of greater than 20° C.; and'}{'sub': 1', '18', '2', '8, '(b) polymerizing in the reaction zone, in a second polymerization stage and in the presence of the first stage polymer, a second, different monomer composition comprising at least one vinyl ester of a Cto Ccarboxylic acid and at least one Cto Calkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid in an amount up to 30 weight percent of the total monomers in the second monomer composition to produce a second stage polymer having a glass transition temperature Tg of less than or equal to 20° C.,'}{'sub': 2', '8, 'wherein the first monomer composition is substantially free of Cto Calkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid;'}wherein the second monomer composition is metered ...

MACRO-RAFT CHAIN TRANSFER AGENTS AS ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION TERMINATORS

The present invention relates to a compound of Formula (I): where {circle around (P)} R, R, R, R, and Z are as described herein and to a process for preparing a compound of Formula (I). This invention also relates to a process for the synthesis of a polymer which includes providing a monomer composition, providing a compound of Formula (I), and polymerizing monomers within the monomer composition through controlled free radical polymerization with the compound of Formula (I) to form the polymer. 3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein is polystyrene claim 1 , polybutadiene claim 1 , or polyisoprene.18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein said forming the compound of Formula (IIe) comprises:reacting the compound of Formula (IId) with an alcohol or an epoxide under conditions effective to produce the compound of Formula (IIe).27. The process according to claim 26 , wherein said forming the compound of Formula (IIe) comprises:reacting the compound of Formula (IId) with an alcohol or an epoxide under conditions effective to produce the compound of Formula (IIe).34. The process according to claim 33 , wherein said forming the compound of Formula (IIe) comprises:reacting the compound of Formula (IId) with an alcohol or an epoxide under conditions effective to produce the compound of Formula (IIe).40. The process according to claim 39 , wherein said forming the compound of Formula (IIe) comprises:reacting the compound of Formula (IId) with an alcohol or an epoxide under conditions effective to produce the compound of Formula (IIe).51. The process of claim 47 , wherein said monomer composition comprises one or more types of monomers.52. The process of claim 51 , wherein the one or more types of monomers is selected from the group consisting of vinyl aromatic monomers and acrylate monomers.53. The process of claim 51 , wherein the one or more types of monomers is selected from the group consisting of styrene claim 51 , butyl acrylate claim 51 , methyl acrylate claim 51 ...

STABILISERS FOR USE IN INVERSE EMULSION POLYMERISATION PROCESSES

The present invention is directed to the use of a quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene as stabiliser in inverse emulsions like inverse emulsions used for a reverse-phase emulsion polymerisation process, e.g. for the polymerisation of acrylamide and ethylenically unsaturated cationic monomers. Such emulsions are e.g. used as flocculant for waste water treatment. The present invention is further directed to inverse emulsions comprising a quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene. The inverse emulsions have sufficiently low viscosity and sufficiently high shear stability. The present invention is further directed to an inverse emulsion polymerisation process, wherein the inverse emulsion comprises a quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene. 1. A quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene for use as stabiliser in inverse emulsions.2. The quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene according to claim 1 , wherein the quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene is the reaction product of:a) the reaction of a polyisobutylene-substituted acylating agent and a compound having a nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group; andb) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the tertiary amino group to a quaternary ammonium group;wherein the reaction of the polyisobutylene-substituted acylating agent and the compound having a nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said acylating agent is a nucleophilic substitution reaction at an acyl group of the acylating agent resulting in a polyisobutylene-substituted amide or imide.3. The quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene according to claim 2 , wherein the polyisobutylene-substituted acylating agent is the reaction product of a polyisobutylene and an acylating agent.4. The quaternized derivative of polyisobutylene according to claim 3 , wherein the acylating agent is an alpha claim 3 , beta-unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic acid claim 3 , polycarboxylic anhydride claim 3 , ...

EMULSIFIER FOR EMULSION POLYMERIZATION AND EMULSION POLYMERIZATION METHOD USING SAME

An emulsifier for emulsion polymerization includes a compound represented by the following general: 2. The emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to claim 1 , comprising a compound represented by the general formula (I) claim 1 , wherein X is —SOM; m represents a number in the range of from 1 to 2; l is 0; Arepresents an ethylene group; and n represents a number in the range of from 1 to 50.4. An emulsion polymerization method comprising polymerizing at least one polymerizable unsaturated monomer including styrene by using the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to .5. An emulsion polymerization method comprising polymerizing at least one polymerizable unsaturated monomer including styrene by using the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to .6. An emulsion polymerization method comprising polymerizing at least one polymerizable unsaturated monomer including styrene by using the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to . The present invention relates to a reactive emulsifier which is used for emulsion polymerization process, a production method of a polymer dispersion using same, and a polymer dispersion obtained by the production method and a polymer film obtained from the polymer dispersion.Conventionally, soaps; anionic surfactants such as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfuric acid ester salts, polyoxyethylene aralkyl aryl ether sulfuric acid ester salts, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfuric acid ester salts, etc.; and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene aralkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, etc. have been utilized as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization. However, in polymer films obtained from a polymer dispersion using such an emulsifier, the used emulsifier remains in a liberated state in the polymer film, and hence, there is involved such a problem that water resistance and adhesion of the film are inferior, or the ...

ALLYL ETHER SULFATE POLYMERIZABLE SURFACTANTS AND METHODS FOR USE

Disclosed are ethylenically unsaturated salts of allyl (poly)ether sulfates utilized as reactive surfactants (emulsifiers) during emulsion polymerization. 2. The polymerizable surfactant composition of wherein M is H claim 1 , Na claim 1 , NH4 claim 1 , K or Li.3. The polymerizable surfactant composition of wherein M is Na.4. The polymerizable surfactant composition of wherein “x” is an integer from 0-40 claim 1 , and wherein “y” is an integer from 0-40.5. The polymerizable surfactant composition of wherein the surfactant comprises any one of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates or any salt thereof claim 1 , alkyl sulfosuccinates or any salt thereof claim 1 , alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonates or any salt thereof claim 1 , ethoxylated alkylphenol sulfates or any salt thereof claim 1 , ethoxylated alkylphenol phosphates or any salt thereof claim 1 , fatty alcohol sulfates or any salt thereof claim 1 , fatty alcohols phosphates or any salt thereof.6. The polymerizable surfactant composition of wherein the surfactant comprises a C10-C16 alcohol ethoxylate sulfate or any salt thereof.7. The polymerizable surfactant composition of wherein “x” is an integer from 1-12.8. The polymerizable surfactant composition of wherein “y” is an integer from 1-5.9. The polymerizable surfactant composition of wherein Ris a C-Calkyl group claim 1 , wherein Ris H claim 1 , wherein “x” is an integer from 2-10 claim 1 , and wherein “y” is an integer from 0-10.10. A process for preparing a coating comprising introducing the composition of as an emulsifier during emulsion polymerization. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/034,903, filed Aug. 8, 2014, incorporated herein by reference in its entiretyThis invention relates to allyl ether sulfate polymerizable surfactants, alkyl polyoxyalkylene ether sulfate and/or alkyl polyoxyalkylene ether phosphate polymerizable surfactants, which are utilized in the preparation of polymers by emulsion polymerization. ...

METHOD OF DEWATERING IN A CONTINUOUS HIGH INTERNAL PHASE EMULSION FOAM FORMING PROCESS

A method for continuous High Internal Phase Emulsion (HIPE) foam production. A HIPE is produced then extruded onto a belt. After polymerization, a portion of the saturated aqueous phase is removed using a vacuum box. A nip insert is inserted under the vacuum box to raise the vacuum box leading to improved uniformity of the HIPE in the cross direction along the belt. 1. A method for removing an aqueous phase from an open-celled foam , the method comprising:providing a belt comprising a cross directional width;providing an open-celled foam;providing a vacuum box, wherein the vacuum box comprises a nip insert, wherein the nip insert is located below the vacuum box and is in direct contact with the vacuum box;placing the open-celled foam on the belt; andpassing the open-celled foam over the vacuum box to remove a saturated aqueous phase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum box comprises a plurality of nip inserts claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of nip inserts impacts an individual vacuum box.3. The method of wherein the nip insert is selected from the group consisting of one or more layers of tape claim 1 , a bolt claim 1 , a washer claim 1 , a screw claim 1 , a piece of wood claim 1 , and/or combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the nip inserts are located at intervals along the belt cross directional width claim 2 , wherein the intervals between nip inserts are between about 0.5 inch to about 5 inches.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the nip inserts are located at intervals along the belt cross directional width claim 2 , wherein the intervals between nip inserts are between about 1 inch to about 3 inches.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the nip inserts raise the vacuum box by about 0.01 inch to about 0.1 inch.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the nip inserts raise the vacuum box by about 0.02 inch to about 0.05 inch.8. A method for removing an aqueous phase from an open-celled foam claim 2 , the method comprising:forming an ...

Water-absorbent resin particles

Disclosed are water-absorbent resin particles comprising a crosslinked polymer comprising a monomer unit derived from a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, wherein an initial swelling force as measured according to a swelling force test conducted by a predetermined method is 8 N or more, and further, a ratio of the particles having a particle diameter of more than 250 μm and 850 μm or less is 70% by mass or more and a ratio of the particles having a particle diameter of 250 μm or less is 20% by mass or less, with respect to the total amount of the water-absorbent resin particles.

Process for Making and Using a Composition of Matter

A process for making a composition of matter that includes the steps of preparing an aqueous phase and an oil phase, and emulsifying the aqueous phase and the oil phase together to form a water-in-oil emulsification. The water-in-oil emulsification is then homogenized or otherwise processed to form an emulsification product, followed by the step of initiating a polymerization reaction of the emulsification product to form a polymerization reaction product. Lastly, the process includes inverting or otherwise processing the polymerization product to form the composition of matter having: 15-25% oil phase; 35-50% water; 20-35% polymer; 0-10% surfactant; and 0-3% other trace materials. 1. A process for making a composition of matter , the process comprising;preparing an aqueous phase and an oil phase;emulsifying the aqueous phase and the oil phase together to form a water-in-oil emulsification;homogenizing the water-in-oil emulsification to form an emulsification product;initiating a polymerization reaction of the emulsification product to form a polymerization reaction product;inverting the polymerization product to form the composition of matter, composition comprising:15-25% oil phase;35-50% water;20-35% polymer;0-10% surfactant; and0-3% other trace materials.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the composition of matter is mixed with a water stream comprising about 0 to about 80 claim 1 ,000 ppm total dissolved solids.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the oil phase is prepared with a hydrocarbonaceous fluid claim 2 , and with sorbitan monooleate and a primary surfactant having a weight ratio to each other from about 40:60 to about 60:40.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous phase is prepared with water claim 1 , ammonium acrylate claim 1 , and acrylamide solution claim 1 , and wherein the aqueous phase has a pH between about 6.9 to about 7.1.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein ammonium acrylate is produced from a neutralization reaction occurring at a ...

Preparation of porous organic polymeric films

Porous organic polymeric films having multiple discrete cavities can be prepared by applying a water-in-oil emulsion that includes a cavity stabilizing hydrocolloid on the inner walls of the multiple discrete cavities to a substrate. The multiple discrete cavities can also include organic catalytic materials for various catalytic reactions, markers materials for security applications, or the multiple discrete cavities can be used to increase opacity, hydrophobicity, or other desirable properties compared to nonporous organic polymeric films composed of the composition and dry thickness. Water and oil from the applied water-in-oil emulsion can be removed by evaporation in a suitable process, and the applied porous organic polymeric film can be provided as a uniform material or in a patternwise fashion.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FLUOROPOLYMERS USING 2-ALKOXYACETATE SURFACTANTS

The present invention relates to a process for the polymerization of fluoromonomers in an aqueous medium, said process comprising the steps of: forming an aqueous emulsion comprising a 2-Alkoxy acetate surfactant and fluoromonomer in a reactor; and initiating polymerization of said fluoromonomer by adding an initiator into the reaction mixture. Preferably, the surfactant used in the instant process is either Sodium 2-[(2-hexyldecyl)oxy] acetate or Sodium-2-dodecyloxyacetate. 1. A process for preparing a fluoropolymer in an aqueous medium , comprising:(a) forming an aqueous emulsion comprising a 2-Alkoxy acetate surfactant and a fluoromonomer in a reactor; and(b) initiating polymerization of said fluoromonomer by adding an initiator.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises the steps of:i. adding deionized water and optionally paraffin wax into the reactor;ii. adding the 2-Alkoxy acetate surfactant in one shot into the reactor; andiii. adding fluoromonomer into the reactor and agitating the reaction mixture.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises adding the initiator in one shot into the reactor.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the 2-Alkoxy acetate surfactant has a structure of R—O—CH—COOM claim 1 , wherein R is a hydrocarbon group claim 1 , and M is a monovalent cation selected from the group consisting of hydrogen ions claim 1 , alkali metal ions claim 1 , and ammonium ions.5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein R is an alkyl group containing 6 to 21 carbon atoms.6. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of potassium claim 4 , sodium and ammonium.9. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the aqueous emulsion comprises an initiator claim 1 , for initiating the polymerization process claim 1 , the initiator being selected from the group consisting of Ammonium Persulphate (APS) claim 1 , Disuccinic Acid Peroxide (DSAP) and combinations thereof.10. ...

Manufacturing method for inverse emulsion polymer

A method to manufacture water soluble polymers in inverse (water-in-oil) emulsion with improved performance in oil recovery processes and their use in the treatment of subterranean reservoirs is disclosed.

Benzyl Alcohol Alkoxylates As Solubilizers For Aqueous Surfactant Solutions

The invention relates to aqueous surfactant solutions containing (A) 50.0 to 90.0% by weight of an ethoxylate of linear saturated or unsaturated fatty alcohols of formula (I), 2. The aqueous surfactant solution as claimed in claim 1 , comprising further customary by-products selected from the group consisting of the following components: diethylene glycol claim 1 , polyethylene glycols claim 1 , propylene glycol claim 1 , dipropylene glycol claim 1 , polypropylene glycols claim 1 , mixed polymers of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium or calcium salts of acetic acid claim 1 , propionic acid claim 1 , lactic acid and higher carboxylic acids.3. The aqueous surfactant solution as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the proportion of water is made up to 100% by weight.4. The aqueous surfactant solution as claimed in claim 1 , wherein n is a number from 8 to 50.5. The aqueous surfactant solution as claimed in claim 1 , wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl residue having 12 to 18 carbon atoms.6. The aqueous surfactant solution as claimed in claim 1 , wherein A is hydrogen.7. The aqueous surfactant solution as claimed in claim 1 , wherein m is 4 to 8.9. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the amount of the at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer is between 1 and 70% by weight claim 8 , based on the weight of the reaction mixture.10. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein additionally up to 5% by weight of an anionic surfactant is present.11. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the olefinically unsaturated monomers are selected from the group consisting of vinyl monomers claim 1 , aryl-substituted olefins claim 1 , olefinically unsaturated carboxylic esters claim 1 , olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic esters claim 1 , olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids claim 1 , and sodium claim 1 , potassium and ammonium salts thereof claim 1 , olefinically unsaturated sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids ...

REACTIONS ENABLED BY THERMORESPONSIVE AND PHOTORESPONSIVE GELS

Disclosed are methods, compositions, kits, and reagents to prepare compounds (e.g. polymers and small molecules) via radical reactions by utilizing thermoresponsive and photoresponsive gels. This invention discloses the preparation of polymers via controlled radical polymerizations from an iniferter or initiator, one or more reactant monomer, and a thermoresponsive and photoresponsive gel. Embodiments of the invention show that the polymerization is reversibly activated and/or deactivated by controlling one or more of the following external control stimuli: temperature, light, and catalyst presence. This invention also relates the preparation of Gel-PTH, a heterogeneous thermoresponsive and photoresponsive gel. 1. A method for preparing a polymer comprising exposing a photoredox catalyst covalently bound to a polymer network; optionally , an iniferter , chain transfer agent , and/or initiator; and one or more organic monomers to a light source.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a photoredox catalyst is covalently bound to a polymer network to form a gel.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the gel is a polymer of one or more of the following monomers selected from the group consisting of N-isopropylacrylamide claim 2 , N claim 2 ,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide claim 2 , N claim 2 ,N-diethylacrylamide claim 2 , methyl vinyl ether claim 2 , N-vinylcaprolactam claim 2 , di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate claim 2 , ethylene oxide claim 2 , and propylene oxide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises an iniferter claim 1 , initiator claim 1 , or chain transfer agent.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises a solvent.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wavelength of the light source is in the range of 200 nm to 1000 nm.7. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the photoredox catalyst is selected from the group consisting of N-(4-(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)phenyl)acrylamide claim 1 , perylene claim 1 , perylene ...

Porous organic polymeric films and preparation

Porous organic polymeric films having multiple discrete cavities can be prepared using an water-in-oil emulsion that includes a cavity stabilizing hydrocolloid on the inner walls of the multiple discrete cavities. The multiple discrete cavities can also include organic catalytic materials for various catalytic reactions, markers materials for security applications, or the multiple discrete cavities can be used to increase opacity, hydrophobicity, or other desirable properties compared to nonporous organic polymeric films composed of the composition and dry thickness.

POROUS PARTICLES AND METHODS OF MAKING THEM

Porous particles can be prepared using an evaporative limited coalescence process in which one or more discrete cavities are stabilized within the continuous polymeric solid phase of the porous particles. The one or more discrete cavities have inner walls and are dispersed within the continuous polymeric solid phase. The porous particles further comprise a cavity stabilizing hydrocolloid on the inner walls of the one or more discrete cavities, and an amphiphilic (low HLB) block copolymer that is disposed at the interface of the discrete cavities and the continuous polymeric solid phase. 1. A porous particle comprising a water-insoluble polymer that provides a continuous polymeric solid phase including an external particle surface , and one or more discrete cavities having inner walls and that are dispersed within the continuous polymeric solid phase ,wherein the porous particle further comprises a cavity stabilizing hydrocolloid on the inner walls of the one or more discrete cavities, and an amphiphilic (low HLB) block copolymer that is disposed at the interface of the one or more discrete cavities and the continuous polymeric solid phase.2. The porous particle of claim 1 , wherein the cavity stabilizing hydrocolloid is carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) claim 1 , a gelatin or gelatin derivative claim 1 , a protein or protein derivative claim 1 , a hydrophilic synthetic polymer claim 1 , a water-soluble microgel claim 1 , a polystyrene sulfonate claim 1 , poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate claim 1 , a polyphosphonate claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.3. The porous particle of claim 1 , wherein the cavity stabilizing hydrocolloid is present in an amount of at least 0.5 weight % and up to and including 20 weight % claim 1 , based on total porous particle dry weight.4. The porous particle of claim 1 , wherein the amphiphilic block copolymer comprises a hydrophilic segment comprising polyethyleneoxide and an oleophilic segment comprising polycaprolactone.5. The porous ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING PARTICULATE WATER-ABSORBING AGENT THAT HAS POLYACRYLIC ACID (SALT)-BASED WATER-ABSORBING RESIN AS MAIN COMPONENT

Provided is a method for producing a particulate water absorbing agent, the method including the steps of: a polymerization step of polymerizing an acrylic acid (salt)-based aqueous monomer solution so as to obtain a crosslinked hydrogel polymer; a drying step of drying the crosslinked hydrogel polymer so as to obtain a dried polymer; a classification step of classifying a polymer subjected to classification so as to obtain a water-absorbing resin powder having a specific particle size; and a surface-crosslinking step of surface-crosslinking the water-absorbing resin powder that is not surface crosslinked, wherein the classification step is carried out at least either or both of before and/or after the surface-crosslinking step but after said drying step, and wherein a hole shape of a classification sieve used in the classification step is an irregular polygonal or non-circular. 1. A method for producing a particulate water absorbing agent containing a polyacrylic acid (salt)-based water-absorbing resin as a main component , the method comprising:a polymerization step of polymerizing an acrylic acid (salt)-based aqueous monomer solution so as to obtain a crosslinked hydrogel polymer;a drying step of drying said crosslinked hydrogel polymer so as to obtain a dried polymer;a classification step of classifying a polymer subjected to classification; anda surface-crosslinking step of surface-crosslinking an unsurface-crosslinked water-absorbing resin powder,wherein the classification step is carried out at least either or both of before and/or after the surface-crosslinking step but after said drying step, andwherein a hole shape of a classification sieve used in the classification step is irregular polygonal or non-circular.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hole shape of the classification sieve is rectangular or oval.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the classification step is carried out after the surface-crosslinking step.4. The method ...

Method for producing water-absorbent resin particle

Provided is a method for producing water-absorbent resin particles suitable for use in absorbent article and the like, the water-absorbent resin particles having better water-absorbent performance, a suitable particle size, and a narrow particle-size distribution. A method for producing water-absorbent resin particles by reversed-phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated monomer in a carrier fluid, wherein the method for producing water-absorbent resin particles comprises conducting the reversed-phase suspension polymerization reaction in the presence of an organic acid monoglyceride.

Method for producing latex and method for producing hollow resin particles

Provided is a method for producing a latex comprising hollow resin particles each with a high void ratio and a method for producing hollow resin particles each with a higher void ratio. In the method for producing the latex: a suspension treatment of the mixture liquid which comprises a monomer, a crosslinkable monomer, an oil-soluble polymerization initiator, a fat/fatty oil, a hydrocarbon solvent, a suspension stabilizer and an aqueous medium is carried out to prepare a suspension comprising monomer drops; a polymerization reaction of the suspension is carried out to prepare a precursor composition which comprises precursor particles each having a hollow portion including the hydrocarbon solvent.

EMULSION POLYMERS INCLUDING ONE OR MORE 1,1-DISUBSTITUTED ALKENE COMPOUNDS, EMULSION METHODS, AND POLYMER COMPOSITIONS

The present teachings show that it is possible to polymerize 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in an emulsion (for example using a water based carrier liquid), despite the possible reactions between the monomer and water. Polymerization of 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in an emulsion provides opportunities to better control the polymerization compared with bulk polymerization. The emulsion polymerization techniques can be employed for preparing homopolymers, copolymers (e.g., random copolymers), and block copolymers. 1. A process comprising the steps of:i) agitating a mixture comprising: about 25 weight percent or more of a carrier liquid, a surfactant, and one or more monomers to form micelles of the one or more monomers in the carrier liquid, wherein the one or more monomers includes one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkenes;ii) reacting an activator with at least one of the monomers in the micelle for initiating the anionic polymerization of the one or more monomers; andiii) anionically polymerizing the one or more monomers to a number average molecular weight of about 700 g/mole or more;wherein the activator includes an ionic metal amide, an hydroxide, a cyanide, a phosphine, an alkoxide, an amine, an organometallic compound, or a metal benzoate; andthe carrier liquid includes water and the water is present at a concentration of about 40 weight percent or more, based on the total weight of the carrier liquid and the one or more monomers.220-. (canceled)21. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reacting step is characterized by a pH of about 5 to about 6.6.22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the resulting polymer has a weight average molecular weight of about 20 claim 21 ,000 g/mole to about 1 claim 21 ,000 claim 21 ,000 g/mole.23. The process of claim 22 , wherein the resulting polymer has a polydispersity index of about 1.7 or less.24. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process includes a step of adding the activator to the mixture having the micelles.25. ...

NANOFIBROUS SPONGY MICROSPHERES

A nanofibrous spongy microsphere includes porous walls that define an exterior of the microsphere and that extend through an interior of the microsphere. The porous walls consist of interconnected nanofibers and spaces formed between the interconnected nanofibers. A plurality of micro-scale pores are formed throughout the interior of the microsphere. Each of the micro-scale pores i) is partially defined by the porous walls, ii) has an interpore opening that opens to an adjacent micro-scale pores, and iii) has a diameter ranging from about 1 μm to about 100 μm. A total diameter of the microsphere ranges from about 5 μm to about 1000 μm. 1. A nanofibrous spongy microsphere , comprising: interconnected nanofibers; and', 'spaces formed between the interconnected nanofibers; and, 'porous walls defining an exterior of the microsphere and extending through an interior of the microsphere, the porous walls consisting ofa plurality of micro-scale pores formed throughout the interior of the microsphere, each of the micro-scale pores i) being partially defined by the porous walls, ii) having an interpore opening that opens to an adjacent micro-scale pore, and iii) having a diameter ranging from about 1 μm to about 100 μm;wherein a total diameter of the microsphere ranges from about 5 μm to about 1000 μm.2. The nanofibrous spongy microsphere as defined in wherein one of the plurality of micro-scale pores is located at or near a center of the interior of the microsphere and includes a plurality of the openings claim 1 , each of the plurality of openings having a diameter ranging from about 2 μm to about 80 μm.3. The nanofibrous spongy microsphere as defined in wherein each of the micro-scale pores includes additional openings claim 1 , and wherein the additional openings of at least some of the micro-scale pores are adjacent to the exterior of the microsphere.4. The nanofibrous spongy microsphere as defined in wherein the nanofibers are formed of a star-shaped poly(-lactic acid) ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HIGH-PRESSURE METHOD LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

Provided are an apparatus and a method for manufacturing high-pressure method low-density polyethylene, the apparatus and the method having excellent characteristics that a chain transfer agent can be supplied by a simpler apparatus, a deviation (variation) of the concentration of the chain transfer agent supplied to a reactor can be reduced, and compression energy of the chain transfer agent can be reduced. An apparatus for manufacturing high-pressure method polyethylene includes a chain transfer agent supply line that is a line connected to a low pressure recycle ethylene supply line for supplying a chain transfer agent. 1. An apparatus for manufacturing high-pressure method polyethylene , the apparatus comprising{'b': 17', '16, 'a chain transfer agent (CTA) supply line () that is a line connected to a low pressure recycle ethylene supply line () for supplying a chain transfer agent (CTA).'}2. The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein{'b': 17', '16', '17, 'the chain transfer agent (CTA) supply line () is a line connected to the low pressure recycle ethylene supply line () for supplying a chain transfer agent (CTA), and an inside of the chain transfer agent (CTA) supply line () is controlled to a pressure of 0.01 to 0.1 MPa and a temperature of 10 to 60° C.'}3. The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:{'b': 15', '9, 'a recycle ethylene holding drum () that is a drum for holding low pressure recycle ethylene supplied through a low pressure recycle ethylene line (); and'}{'b': 16', '15', '1', '15', '1, 'a low pressure recycle ethylene supply line () that is a line for connecting the recycle ethylene holding drum () to a booster stage of primary compressor () and supplying low pressure recycle ethylene from the recycle ethylene holding drum () to the booster stage of primary compressor ().'}4. The manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3 , further comprising:{'b': '1', 'a booster stage of primary compressor () that is ...

CHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESS

The invention relates to a chemical conversion process and to a process for removing particles from a reaction mixture. The chemical conversion process of the invention comprises plasmonic heating of a reaction mixture, which reaction mixture comprises at least a one component and plasmonic particles, by exposing said reaction mixture to light comprising one or more wavelengths which are absorbed by at least part of the plasmonic particles, thereby controlling the reaction rate of one or more chemical reactions. 1. Chemical conversion process comprising plasmonic heating of a reaction mixture , which reaction mixture comprises at least a one component and plasmonic particles , by exposing said reaction mixture to light comprising one or more wavelengths which are absorbed by at least part of the plasmonic particles , thereby controlling the reaction rate of one or more chemical reactions.2. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein said process is a bulk process and wherein controlling a reaction rate of one or more chemical reactions comprises carrying out a plurality of at least partly successive chemical reactions in one reactor in an order determined through plasmonic heating.3. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of at least part of said plasmonic particles is increased to 100-500° C.4. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises 0.1 wt. % or more of plasmonic particles claim 1 , based on the weight of the reaction mixture.5. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature difference between plasmonic particles and a liquid phase of the reaction mixture is at least 20° C.6. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein the light is spatial non-coherent light.7. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic particles comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of:(i) metal nanoparticles comprising one or more ...

NON-CORE SHELL POLYMER PARTICLES

The present invention relates to a method which uses non-core-shell polymer particles to form polymer film on a pre-formed solid substrate surface, said non-core-shell polymer particles comprising two covalently coupled polymer regions of different molecular composition, wherein (a) one of the two polymer regions is a crosslinked RAFT polymer region and the other polymer region is a film forming polymer region, (b) the crosslinked RAFT polymer region comprising particle aggregation prevention means selected from one or more of charged and steric stabilising functionality, and (c) the film forming polymer region comprising 0-3 wt. % of charged polymerised monomer residues relative to the total amount of polymerised monomer residues present in that region. 1. A method which uses non-core-shell polymer particles to form polymer film on a pre-formed solid substrate surface , said non-core-shell polymer particles comprising two covalently coupled polymer regions of different molecular composition , wherein (a) one of the two polymer regions is a crosslinked RAFT polymer region and the other polymer region is a film forming polymer region , (b) the crosslinked RAFT polymer region comprising particle aggregation prevention means selected from one or more of charged and steric stabilising functionality , and (c) the film forming polymer region comprising 0-3 wt. % of charged polymerised monomer residues relative to the total amount of polymerised monomer residues present in that region , the method comprising contacting in a liquid the pre-formed solid substrate surface with the non-core-shell polymer particles dispersed in the liquid , wherein the non-core-shell polymer particles adsorb onto the pre-formed solid substrate surface through the film forming polymer region and the film forming polymer regions of the adsorbed non-core-shell polymer particles coalesce to form the polymer film.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pre-formed solid substrate is in the ...

Method for producing aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion

The present invention aims to provide a novel method for producing an aqueous dispersion containing non-melt-processable polytetrafluoroethylene particles. The present invention relates to a method for producing an aqueous dispersion containing non-melt-processable polytetrafluoroethylene particles, the method including polymerizing tetrafluoroethylene in an aqueous medium in the presence of perfluoro hexanoic acid or its salt.

SURFACTANT COMPOSITION

A reactive surfactant composition comprising one or more kinds of reactive surfactants is disclosed that may be used as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, a dispersant for suspension polymerization, a nonaqueous dispersant, or a resin modifier. 2. The surfactant composition according to claim 1 , wherein a value of (D-1)/(D-2) is larger than 2 claim 1 , which is a molar ratio between the polymerizable unsaturated group represented by the chemical formula D-1 and the polymerizable unsaturated group represented by the chemical formula D-2 that are contained in the reactive surfactant (X) represented by the general formula (I) and the polyfunctional compound (Y) represented by the general formula (II).3. The surfactant composition according to claim 2 , wherein a value of (D-1)/(D-2) is larger than 2 claim 2 , which is a molar ratio between the polymerizable unsaturated group represented by the chemical formula D-1 and the polymerizable unsaturated group represented by the chemical formula D-2 that are contained in the reactive surfactant (X) represented by the general formula (I); and a value of (D-1)/(D-2) is larger than 2 claim 2 , which is a molar ratio between the polymerizable unsaturated group represented by the chemical formula D-1 and the polymerizable unsaturated group represented by the chemical formula D-2 that are contained in the polyfunctional compound (Y) represented by the general formula (II).4. The surfactant composition according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio (Y/X) of a total amount of the polyfunctional compound (Y) used to a total amount of the reactive surfactant (X) used falls within a range of Y/X=1/1 to 1/100 in mass ratio.5. An emulsifier for emulsion polymerization claim 1 , comprising the surfactant composition according to .6. A dispersant for suspension polymerization claim 1 , comprising the surfactant composition according to .7. A nonaqueous dispersant claim 1 , comprising the surfactant composition according to .8. A resin ...

Analysis method for compound having polyoxyalkylene group in sample

Provided is an analysis method capable of promptly providing information for determining whether a compound having a polyoxyalkylene group is contained in a sample such as a coating material or a coating film. The analysis method includes directly analyzing a sample such as a coating material or a coating film formed from the coating material by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization method or a DART method to provide information for determining whether a compound having a polyoxyalkylene group, such as alkylphenol ethoxylate, is contained in the sample.

Detergent composition comprising an inverse latex combining glutamic acid, n,n-diacetic acid, tetrasodium salt as sequestrant and a polyelectrolyte comprising amps and acrylamide

Disclosed is a detergent composition (F) for domestic or industrial use including, as thickener, a self-invertible inverse latex including an aqueous phase including: a. a crosslinked anionic polyelectrolyte (P) consisting of: —at least one monomer unit derived from 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid in free acid form or partially or totally salified form; —at least one monomer unit derived from at least one monomer chosen from the elements of the group consisting of acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, methacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, N-tert-butylacrylamide; and—at least one monomer unit derived from a polyethylenic crosslinking monomer (AR), b. glutamic acid, N,N-diacetic acid, tetrasodium salt.

Extended Surfactant For Emulsion Polymerization

An extended anionic surfactant having the general formula: 1. A surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization comprising the formula:{'br': None, 'RO—(PO)n—YZ'}wherein R is a linear alkyl chain ranging from C6 to C36, a branched alkyl chain ranging from C6 to C36, or a mixture thereof;PO is a propyleneoxy group;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3, 'Y is —SO, —CHCHCH—SO, or —CHCH(CH)—SO;'}Z is a cation; andn is 1 to 50.2. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein R is a mixture of linear and branched alkyl chains comprised of 9 to 17 carbons.3. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein R is a branched alkyl chain.4. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein alkyl branching of R is in any of the C2 to C(X−1) positions claim 1 , wherein X is the number of carbon atoms in the chain.5. The surfactant composition of claim 4 , wherein X is from 9 to 17.6. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein alkyl branching of R is in the C2 position.7. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein the number of alkyl branches of R ranges from 0 to 7.8. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein the number of alkyl branches of R ranges from 0 to 4.9. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein the number of alkyl branches of R is 0 to 3.10. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein the chain length of the alkyl branches of R is 1 to 8 carbons.11. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein n is 2 to 10.12. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein n is 4 to 8.13. The surfactant composition of claim 1 , wherein Y is —SO.14. A surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization comprising the following formula:{'br': None, 'RO—(PO)n—YZ'}wherein R is a linear alkyl chain ranging fro C6 to C36, a branched alkyl chain ranging from C6 to C36, or a mixture thereof;PO is a propyleneoxy group;{'sub': '2', 'Y is —CHCOO;'}Z is a cation; andn is 1 to 50.15. The surfactant composition of claim 14 , wherein R is a mixture of linear and ...

MOLECULAR IMPRINTED POLYMERS TARGETING PHENYLALANINE

Disclosed is agents and methods that target metabolism malfunctions, inborne as well as acquired, as well as methods for preparation of the agents. In particular, the invention relates to methods for preparing molecular imprinted polymers with high binding capacity for phenylalanine or tyrosine, MIPs that bind phenylalanine or tyrosine, and methods for treating phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, and hypertyrosinemia. 1. A method for the preparation of molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) , which specifically bind L-phenylalanine (Phe) and L-Phe residues , said method comprising the steps of 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid (MAA),', '1,4-bis(acryloyl)piperazine (DAP), and', 'a template molecule consisting of L-Phe or a L-Phe derivative exposing a phenylalanine motif in the presence of a catalyst and an oxidizing agent,, 'a) polymerization of a mixture comprising'}so as to obtain a cross-linked imprinted polymer,b) if necessary subsequently fragmenting the cross-linked imprinted polymer to obtain a first fragmented polymer, and collecting the MIPs having particle sizes smaller than 63 m,c) optionally washing and drying the polymer fraction obtained from step b),d) fragmenting the polymer fraction obtained from step b) or c) and collecting a second fragmented polymer having particle sizes in the range 150-250 nm,e) subjecting the second fragmented polymer obtained from step d to affinity chromatography where Phe constitutes the affinity tag in a chromatographic matrix, andf) recovering MIPs binding to Phe in step e).2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization mixture in step a contains MAA and DAP in a molar ratio of 5-30.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization mixture in step a contains MAA and template molecule in a molar ratio of between 1.0-4.0 claim 1 , such as 1.1 claim 1 , about 1.2 claim 1 , about 1.3 claim 1 , about 1.4 claim 1 , about 1.5 claim 1 , about 1.6 claim 1 , about 1.7 claim 1 , about 1.8 claim 1 , about 1.9 claim 1 , ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING NITRILE RUBBERS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

A novel and improved process is provided for producing nitrile rubbers through free-radical polymerization in specific solvent mixtures. The resultant nitrile rubbers can then be subjected to hydrogenation. The process features excellent time-conversion curves. 1. Process for producing nitrile rubbers through free-radical polymerization of at least one conjugated diene , of at least one α ,β-unsaturated nitrile and optionally of one or more other copolymerizable monomers , characterized in that at least two solvents are used , where the amount used of one solvent , known as the main solvent , is in the range from 70 to 99.9% by volume , based on the entirety of all of the solvents used.4. Process according to claim 3 , where regulator used comprises dodecylpropanoic acid trithiocarbonate (DoPAT) claim 3 , dibenzoyl trithiocarbonate (DiBenT) claim 3 , cumyl phenyl dithioacetate (CPDA) claim 3 , cumyl dithiobenzoate claim 3 , phenyl ethyl dithiobenzoate claim 3 , cyanoisopropyl dithiobenzoate (CPDB) claim 3 , 2-cyanopropyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate claim 3 , 2-cyanoethyl dithiobenzoate claim 3 , 2-cyanoprop-2-yl dithiophenylacetate claim 3 , 2-cyanoprop-2-yl dithiobenzoate claim 3 , S-thiobenzoyl-1H claim 3 ,1H claim 3 , 2-keto-3-oxa-4H claim 3 ,4H claim 3 ,5H claim 3 ,5H-perfluoroundecanethiol or S-thiobenzoyl-1-phenyl-2-keto-3-oxa-4H claim 3 ,4H claim 3 ,5H claim 3 ,5H-perfluoroundecanethiol.5. Process according to claim 2 , where the molar-mass regulator has been selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '16, '(i) alkyl mercaptans, preferably C-Calkyl mercaptans, in particular methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, n-butyl mercaptan, n-hexyl mercaptan, n-octyl mercaptan, n-dodecylmercaptan, tert-nonyl mercaptan and tert-dodecyl mercaptans,'}(ii) aliphatic mercapto alcohols and cycloaliphatic mercapto alcohols, preferably 2-mercapto-1-ethanol, 3-mercapto-1-propanol, 3-mercaptopropane-1,2-diol, 4-mercapto-1-butanol and 2-mercaptocyclohexanol,(iii) mercaptoacetic ...

REVERSE-PHASE POLYMERISATION PROCESS

A reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads comprising an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerising the monomer or monomer blend, to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid, and recovering polymer beads, in which the process comprises providing in a vessel () a volume () of non-aqueous liquid wherein the volume of non-aqueous liquid extends between at least one polymer bead discharge point () and at least one monomer feed point (), feeding the aqueous monomer or monomer blend through orifices () into, or onto, the non-aqueous liquid to form aqueous monomer beads, allowing the aqueous monomer beads to flow towards the polymer bead discharge point initiating polymerisation of the aqueous monomer beads to form polymerising beads, wherein the polymerising beads form polymer beads when they reach the polymer bead discharge point, removing a suspension of the polymer beads in non-aqueous liquid from the vessel at the polymer bead discharge point and recovering, water soluble or water swellable polymer beads from the suspension, in which the aqueous monomer or monomer blend and/or the orifices is/are vibrated such that the frequency multiplied by the weight average droplet diameter is between 150 and 800 mm/s. The invention also relates to the apparatus suitable for carrying out a reverse-phase suspension polymerisation and polymer beads obtainable by the process or employing the apparatus. Furthermore, the invention also relates to polymer beads having a weight mean particle size in the range of 0.05 to 5 mm which are held in a container in an amount of at least 300 kg having a standard deviation of particle size less than 20%. In addition, the invention also provides polymer beads having a weight mean particle size in the range 0.05 to 5 mm having a standard deviation of particle size less than 20% and having ...

ALKYL HYROXYLAMINE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE FOR SHORTSTOPPING FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATIONS

This invention provides a method for shortstopping free radical polymerization reactions using combinations of N-isopropylhydroxylamine (IPHA) or salts thereof with either primary or secondary alkyl hydroxylamines, or with at least two primary alkyl hydroxylamines. A method for producing elastomers using the aforesaid shortstopping agents is also provided. 1. A method for terminating a free radical initiated emulsion polymerization reaction comprising adding , to an emulsion comprising at least one monomer , a shortstopping agent comprising N-isopropylhydroxylamine (IPHA) or salts thereof and at least one alkyl hydroxylamine compound which is different from said IPHA or salts thereof and is selected from the group consisting of a primary alkyl hydroxylamine , a secondary alkyl hydroxylamine , and mixtures thereof.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one alkyl hydroxylamine is a primary alkyl hydroxylamine selected from the group consisting of N-methylhydroxylamine (MHA) claim 1 , N-ethylhydroxylamine (EHA) claim 1 , N-propylhydroxylamine (PHA) claim 1 , N-tertiary-butylhydroxylamine (TBHA) claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said primary alkyl hydroxylamine is TBHA.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said IPHA or its salts and said at least one alkyl hydroxylamine are present in said shortstopping agent in a molar ratio of IPHA:alkyl hydroxylamine of from 40:1 to 1:1.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein IPHA or its salts and TBHA are present in said shortstopping agent in a molar ratio of IPHA:TBHA of 5:1.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one alkyl hydroxylamine comprises at least two primary alkyl hydroxylamines selected from the group consisting of N-methylhydroxylamine (MHA) claim 1 , N-ethylhydroxylamine (EHA) claim 1 , N-propylhydroxylamine (PHA) claim 1 , N-tertiary-butylhydroxylamine (TBHA) claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.7. The method according to claim 6 , ...

EMULSIFYING AGENT FOR EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

A reactive emulsifier comprising a compound of formula (I), which makes polymerization stability satisfactory and is capable of improving the water resistance etc. of the polymer film to be obtained. 2. The emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to claim 1 , wherein in the formula (I) claim 1 , Rrepresents one or more members selected from alkyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms and alkenyl groups having 6 to 22 carbon atoms; m1 represents a number of 1 to 2; m2 is 0; and D is located at an ortho position.4. The emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to claim 1 , wherein in the formula (I) claim 1 , X represents a hydrogen atom or —SOM (wherein M represents a hydrogen atom claim 1 , an alkali metal atom claim 1 , an alkaline earth metal atom claim 1 , an ammonium residue claim 1 , or an alkanolamine residue); A represents the alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms; m1 is the number of 1; m2 is the number of 0; and D represents the chemical formula D-1 and is located at an ortho position.5. The emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to claim 2 , wherein in the formula (I) claim 2 , X represents a hydrogen atom or —SOM (wherein M represents a hydrogen atom claim 2 , an alkali metal atom claim 2 , an alkaline earth metal atom claim 2 , an ammonium residue claim 2 , or an alkanolamine residue); A represents the alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms; m1 is the number of 1; m2 is the number of 0; and D represents the chemical formula D-1 and is located at an ortho position.6. The emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to claim 3 , wherein in the formula (I) claim 3 , X represents a hydrogen atom or —SOM (wherein M represents a hydrogen atom claim 3 , an alkali metal atom claim 3 , an alkaline earth metal atom claim 3 , an ammonium residue claim 3 , or an alkanolamine residue); A represents the alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms; m1 is the number of 1; m2 is the number of 0; and D represents the chemical formula D-1 and is located at ...

FINE RESIN PARTICLES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

An object is to provide fine resin particles that have solvent resistance sufficient to withstand a heating step after solvent dispersion and that generate few bubbles during dispersion and have high dispersibility in a solvent, and a method for producing the fine resin particles. As a solution, fine resin particles obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer, the fine resin particles having a gel fraction of 93% or more and a solvent resistance index of 50 or less, and fine resin particles obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer, in which the vinyl monomer contains a reactive surfactant having a polyoxyalkylene chain in a molecule thereof, and a vinyl polymer chain of the fine resin particles is terminated with a hydroxy group derived from a polymerization initiator, are provided. 1. Fine resin particles obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer , the fine resin particles having a gel fraction of 93% or more and a solvent resistance index of 50 or less.2. Fine resin particles obtained by polymerizing a vinyl monomer , wherein the vinyl monomer contains a reactive surfactant having a polyoxyalkylene chain in a molecule thereof , and a vinyl polymer chain of the fine resin particles is terminated with a hydroxy group derived from a polymerization initiator.3. The fine resin particles according to claim 2 , having a gel fraction of 93% or more and a solvent resistance index of 50 or less.4. The fine resin particles according to claim 1 , having a volume-average particle size of 10 to 1000 nm.5. The fine resin particles according to claim 1 , having a volume-average particle size whose coefficient of variation is 25% or less.6. The fine resin particles according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of residual surfactant is 0.01 to 1 part by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the fine resin particles.7. The fine resin particles according to claim 1 , wherein the vinyl monomer includes a monofunctional (meth)acrylic monomer and/or a monofunctional aromatic vinyl monomer.8. ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING BIODEGRADABLE CAPSULES AND CAPSULES OBTAINED

The present invention relates to a method for preparing solid microcapsules, comprising the following steps a) adding, with stirring, a composition C1 to a polymeric composition C2 comprising at least one aliphatic or aromatic ester or polyester, additionally bearing at least one function selected from the group consisting of acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl ether, N-vinyl ether, epoxy, siloxane, amine, lactone, phosphate and carboxylate functions and mixtures thereof, whereby an emulsion (E1) is obtained comprising droplets of composition C1 dispersed in a composition C2; b) adding, with stirring, the emulsion (E1) to a composition C3 whereby a double emulsion (E2) is obtained comprising droplets dispersed in the composition C3; c) applying shear to the emulsion (E2) whereby a double emulsion (E3) is obtained comprising droplets of controlled size dispersed in the composition C3; and d) polymerizing the composition C2, whereby solid microcapsules dispersed in the composition C3 are obtained. 1. A method for preparing solid microcapsules , comprising the following steps: [ at least one monomer or polymer selected from the group consisting of: aliphatic or aromatic esters or polyesters, anhydrides or polyanhydrides, saccharides or polysaccharides, ethers or polyethers, amides or polyamides and carbonates or polycarbonates, additionally carrying at least one function selected from the group consisting of: acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl ether, N-vinyl ether, epoxy, siloxane, amine, lactone, phosphate, carboxylate functions, and mixtures thereof,', 'at least one crosslinking agent, and', 'optionally at least one photoinitiator or crosslinking catalyst,, 'the viscosity of composition C2 being between 500 mPa·s and 100000 mPa·s at 25° C., composition C2 comprising, 'after which an emulsion (E1) is obtained comprising droplets of composition C1 dispersed in composition C2;, 'a) under stirring, adding a composition C1 comprising at least one active ingredient to a polymeric ...

Dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization and method for producing vinyl resin

The present invention provides a highly water-soluble and easy-to-handle dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization that meets the following requirements: even if the amount of the dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization used for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound is small, the resulting vinyl resin has high plasticizer absorptivity and is easy to work with; it is easy to remove residual monomer components from the resulting vinyl resin; and the resulting vinyl resin contains fewer coarse particles. The present invention relates to a dispersion stabilizer for suspension polymerization of a vinyl compound. This dispersion stabilizer contains a vinyl alcohol polymer (A) having a degree of saponification of 20 mol % or more and less than 65 mol %, a viscosity average degree of polymerization (P) of 100 or more and less than 600, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms at its terminal, and an anionic group in its side chain.

EMULSION POLYMERS INCLUDING ONE OR MORE 1,1-DISUBSTITUTED ALKENE COMPOUNDS, EMULSION METHODS, AND POLYMER COMPOSITIONS

The present teachings show that it is possible to polymerize 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in an emulsion (for example using a water based carrier liquid), despite the possible reactions between the monomer and water. Polymerization of 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in an emulsion provides opportunities to better control the polymerization compared with bulk polymerization. The emulsion polymerization techniques can be employed for preparing homopolymers, copolymers (e.g., random copolymers), and block copolymers. 1. A process comprising the steps of:i) agitating a mixture comprising: about 30 weight percent or more of a carrier liquid, a surfactant, and 10 weight percent or more of one or more monomers to form micelles of the one or more monomers in the carrier liquid, wherein the one or more monomers includes one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkenes;ii) adding an activator to the carrier liquid after forming the micelles,iii) reacting the activator with at least one of the monomers in the micelle for initiating the anionic polymerization of the one or more monomers; andiv) anionically polymerizing the one or more monomers to form a polymer;wherein the carrier liquid includes water and the mixture includes about 30 weight percent or more of the water.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carrier liquid consists essentially of water.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carrier liquid consists entirely of water and the one or more monomers activator includes an ionic metal amide claim 1 , an hydroxide claim 1 , a cyanide claim 1 , a phosphine claim 1 , an alkoxide claim 1 , an amine claim 1 , an organometallic compound claim 1 , or a metal benzoate.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the one or more monomers to the activator is greater than about 50:1 claim 1 , and the one or more monomers are present in an amount of about 10 weight percent or more claim 1 , based on the total weigh of the mixture.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the ...

CONTINUOUS ADIABATIC INVERSE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION PROCESS

The present invention provides methods and systems for continuous polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in a water-in-oil inverse emulsion under adiabatic conditions without the need for external cooling during the polymerization. The method comprises neutralizing a monomer composition comprising at least one acidic vinyl monomer with a base in an aqueous medium comprising water and water ice to form an aqueous monomer solution therefrom; homogenizing and degassing to form an inverse monomer emulsion; initiating polymerization; passing the inverse emulsion through a tube reactor without cooling, and flash evaporating a portion of the water from inverse emulsion to cool and concentrate the resulting polymer-containing inverse emulsion. During neutralization, the aqueous medium comprises an amount of water ice sufficient to maintain a temperature of 30° C. or less, and the polymerization is initiated by adding a free-radical polymerization initiator to the emulsion prior to passing the emulsion through the tube reactor. 1. A method for continuous polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers in a water-in-oil inverse emulsion under adiabatic conditions , the method comprising the steps of:(a) neutralizing a monomer composition comprising at least one water-soluble, oil-insoluble, ethylenically unsaturated acidic monomer with a base in an aqueous medium comprising water and water ice to form an aqueous monomer solution characterized by a temperature of 30° C. or less;(b) homogenizing the aqueous monomer solution with an oil phase, optionally in the presence of an emulsifier, to form a water-in-oil inverse emulsion;(c) degassing the inverse emulsion;(d) initiating polymerization of the neutralized monomer composition with a free-radical polymerization initiator;(e) passing the inverse emulsion through a tube reactor comprising inline static mixing elements, at a flow rate sufficient to polymerize monomers; and(f) flash evaporating a portion of the ...

Water-absorbent resin and method of producing water-absorbent resin

Provided is a water-absorbent resin that increases the diffusivity of a to-be-absorbed liquid and that makes it possible to effectively decrease the amount of re-wet. The water-absorbent resin is obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenicallyally unsaturated monomer under the presence of an internal-crosslinking agent, has the water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes passed from the start of water absorption of 20 ml/g or more, and exhibits the degree of swelling under a load at 30 minutes of 70% or less when the water-absorption capacity of physiological saline under a load of 4.14 kPa at 120 minutes from the start of water absorption is designated as the degree of swelling under a load of 100%. The water-absorbent resin can be produced by performing the following steps in a method in which a water-absorbent resin is produced by performing reverse phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenicallyally unsaturated monomer in a hydrocarbon dispersion medium under the presence of an internal-crosslinking agent: a step in which polymerization is performed under the presence of an azo compound and a peroxide; and a step in which a water-containing gel obtained by said polymerization is post-crosslinked using a post-crosslinking agent.

ANIONIC SURFACTANT AND USE THEREOF

A compound of formula (I): RO—(CHCHO)—(CHCH(R)—O)—SOM, wherein R, R, x, y and M are defined herein. A composition comprising the compound of formula (I) and the use thereof. 115-: (canceled)16. A compound of formula (I):{'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2', '2', 'x', '2', '2', 'y', '3, 'RO—(CHCHO)—(CHCH(R)—O)—SOM\u2003\u2003(I)'}{'sub': 1', '4', '18, 'wherein Ris a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C-Chydrocarbon group;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'Ris CHor CHCH;'}x is a real number in the range of from 1 to 11;y is a real number in the range of from 1 to 20; andM is a cation.17. The compound according to claim 16 , wherein Ris a linear or branched C-Calkyl group.18. The compound according to claim 16 , wherein Ris a linear or branched C-Calkyl group.19. The compound according to claim 16 , wherein x is a real number in the range of from 3 to 8.20. The compound according to claim 16 , wherein y is a real number in the range of from 3 to 8.21. The compound according to claim 16 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Na claim 16 , K claim 16 , Li and —(HNRRR) wherein R claim 16 , Rand Rare independently H claim 16 , a C-Calkyl or C-Chydroxylalkyl group.22. A composition comprising the compound according to .23. The composition according to claim 22 , wherein the composition further comprises a compound of formula (II):{'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2', '2', 'x', '2', '2', 'y, 'RO—(CHCHO)—(CHCH(R)—O)—H\u2003\u2003(II)'}{'sub': 1', '4', '18, 'wherein Ris a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, C-Chydrocarbon group;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'Ris CHor CHCH;'}x is a real number in the range of from 1 to 11;y is a real number in the range of from 1 to 20.24. The composition according to claim 23 , wherein the weight ratio of said compound of formula (I) to said compound of formula (II) is in the range of from 90:10 to 70:30.25. The composition according to claim 22 , wherein the composition further comprises a co-surfactant.26. The composition according ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POROUS PARTICLES BY MEANS OF A HYBRID PROCESS OF ATOMISATION VIA DRYING-COOLING

The invention relates to a method for producing particles with pore structures, by means of a hybrid process of atomization via drying-cooling, from a water-in-oil-type emulsion of a composition of a non-solubilized and in melt state matrix. The production method comprises: i) forming a water-in-oil-type emulsion consisting of a composition of a solvent that is aqueous or soluble in water (dispersed phase) and a composition of a non-solubilized and in melt state matrix (continuous phase); ii) forming discrete particles from the emulsion via atomization, using a flow of gas at high pressure and temperature; iii) immediately removing the solvent via evaporation; and iv) subsequently cooling the formed discrete particles, resulting in porous particles that are substantially free from solvents. 1. A method of obtaining particles with pore structure , by means of a hybrid process of atomization via drying-cooling , which comprises the steps of: i. a composition of a non-solubilized and in melt state matrix, in a concentration of up to 90% by weight of the total emulsion, made up of at least one wax and/or fat, where said matrix composition constitutes the continuous phase of the emulsion; and', 'ii. an aqueous and/or water-soluble solvent composition, in a concentration of up to 60% by weight of the total emulsion, which optionally may contain a non-aqueous volatile solvent, where said solvent composition constitutes the dispersed phase of the emulsion;, 'a) providing a water-in-oil type emulsion, which comprises i. separating the water-in-oil type emulsion obtained in step a) into discrete particles and;', 'ii. removing the solvent composition described in step a) by evaporation, allowing the formation of a pore structure;, 'b) atomizing the emulsion obtained in step a), by means of the steps ofwherein the step b) is driven by the action of shear forces induced by an atomization gas flow, which is provided at a pressure of up to 10 atm and a temperature of up to 250° C ...

EMULSIFIER FOR EMULSION POLYMERIZATION

An emulsifier for emulsion polymerization contains a compound represented by the following general formula (I). 2. (canceled)3. The emulsifier for emulsion polymerization according to claim 1 , wherein in the general formula (I) claim 1 , X represents a hydrogen atom or SOM claim 1 , wherein M represents a hydrogen atom claim 1 , an alkali metal atom claim 1 , an alkaline earth metal atom claim 1 , an ammonium residue claim 1 , or an alkanolamine residue claim 1 , and A represents an alkylene group having 2 carbon atoms. This is a continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/JP2013/000026 filed Jan. 9, 2013. The subject matter of the aforementioned prior application is hereby incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to an emulsifier to be used in an emulsion polymerization step, more particularly relates to an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, which can enhance the stability of a polymer dispersion, and also enhance the physical properties of a polymer film obtained from the polymer dispersion.Heretofore, as emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization, anionic surfactants such as soaps, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate ester salts, and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salts; and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ethers and polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers have been used. However, a polymer film obtained from a polymer dispersion using any of the above emulsifiers has problems that the emulsifier used remains in a free form in the polymer film, and therefore, the water resistance and the adhesiveness of the film are poor, etc. Therefore, as measures for the problems, a lot of reactive emulsifiers having a copolymerizable unsaturated group have been proposed (for example, PTL 1 to PTL 3).A reactive emulsifier having an acrylic group or a methacrylic group as a copolymerizable unsaturated group, which has been proposed in the prior art, has high copolymerizability ...

CHEMICAL CONVERSION PROCESS

The invention relates to a chemical conversion process and to a process for removing particles from a reaction mixture. The chemical conversion process of the invention includes plasmonic heating of a reaction mixture having at least a one component and plasmonic particles, by exposing the reaction mixture to light having one or more wavelengths which are absorbed by at least part of the plasmonic particles, thereby controlling the reaction rate of one or more chemical reactions. 1. Chemical conversion process comprising plasmonic heating of a reaction mixture , which reaction mixture comprises at least a one component and plasmonic particles , by exposing said reaction mixture to light comprising one or more wavelengths which are absorbed by at least part of the plasmonic particles , thereby controlling the reaction rate of one or more chemical reactions.2. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein said process is a bulk process and wherein controlling a reaction rate of one or more chemical reactions comprises carrying out a plurality of at least partly successive chemical reactions in one reactor in an order determined through plasmonic heating.3. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of at least part of said plasmonic particles is increased to 100-500° C.4. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises 0.1 wt. % or more of plasmonic particles claim 1 , based on the weight of the reaction mixture.5. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature difference between plasmonic particles and a liquid phase of the reaction mixture is at least 20° C.6. Chemical conversion process according to claim 1 , wherein the light is spatial non-coherent light.7. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the plasmonic particles comprise one or more selected from the group consisting of:(i) metal nanoparticles comprising one or more metals selected from the group ...

MOLECULAR IMPRINTED POLYMERS TARGETING PHENYLALANINE

Disclosed is agents and methods that target metabolism malfunctions, inborne as well as acquired, as well as methods for preparation of the agents. In particular, the invention relates to methods for preparing molecular imprinted polymers with high binding capacity for phenylalanine or tyrosine, MIPs that bind phenylalanine or tyrosine, and methods for treating phenylketonuria, alkaptonuria, and hypertyrosinemia. 143-. (canceled)44. A molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) , which specifically binds L-phenylalanine (Phe) , wherein said MIP is comprised of polymerized methacrylic acid (MAA) cross-linked with 1 ,4-diacryloylpiperazine (DAP).45. The MIP according to claim 44 , wherein the molar ratio between MAA residues and DAP residues is between 5 and 30.46. The MIP according to claim 44 , which is obtained by a method comprising the steps of 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid (MAA),', '1,4-bis(acryloyl)piperazine (DAP), and', 'a template molecule consisting of L-Phe or a L-Phe derivative exposing a phenylalanine motif in the presence of a catalyst and an oxidizing agent,, 'a) polymerization of a mixture comprising'}so as to obtain a cross-linked imprinted polymer,b) if necessary subsequently fragmenting the cross-linked imprinted polymer to obtain a first fragmented polymer, and collecting the MIPs having particle sizes smaller than 63 μm,c) optionally washing and drying the polymer fraction obtained from step b),d) fragmenting the polymer fraction obtained from step b) or c) and collecting a second fragmented polymer having particle sizes in the range 150-250 nm,e) subjecting the second fragmented polymer obtained from step d) to affinity chromatography where Phe constitutes the affinity tag in a chromatographic matrix, andf) recovering MIPs binding to Phe in step e).47. The molecular imprinted polymer according to claim 44 , which has a Kfor binding to L-Phe of less than 10 claim 44 , such as less than 10 claim 44 , less than 9×10 claim 44 , less than 8×10 claim 44 , less than ...

CONTINUOUS INVERSE EMULSION POLYMERIZATION PROCESS FOR UNIFORM POLYMER SIZE DISTRIBUTION

A continuous inverse emulsion polymerization process may involve combining an aqueous monomer composition with an oil composition in a premix vessel and allowing the aqueous monomer composition to interact with the oil composition in the premix vessel for a period of time effective to form a stable pre-emulsion. The stable pre-emulsion may then be homogenized to form a homogenized emulsion that is then polymerized to form a water-in-oil inverse emulsion polymer. By forming a stable pre-emulsion that is then homogenized, the resulting water-in-oil inverse emulsion polymer may have uniform and consistent polymer size distribution. 1. A continuous or semi-continuous inverse emulsion polymerization process , comprising:combining an aqueous monomer composition with an oil composition in a premix vessel and allowing the aqueous monomer composition to interact with the oil composition in the premix vessel for a period of time effective to form a stable pre-emulsion;conveying the stable pre-emulsion from the premix vessel to a homogenizer and homogenizing the stable pre-emulsion to form a homogenized emulsion; andpolymerizing the homogenized emulsion in a reactor to form a water-in-oil inverse emulsion polymer.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein homogenizing the stable pre-emulsion comprises homogenizing the stable pre-emulsion to provide the homogenized emulsion with a mean emulsion particle size ranging from about 0.1 to 5 microns and an emulsion particle size standard deviation less than 1 micron.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the mean emulsion particle size ranges from about 0.1 to 2 microns and the emulsion particle size standard deviation less than 0.5 microns.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the period of time ranges from about 5 seconds to 30 seconds.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the premix vessel has a monomer inlet through which the aqueous monomer composition is introduced into the premix vessel and an oil inlet through which the oil composition is ...

Vinyl Modifier Composition And Processes For Utilizing Such Composition

An oxolanyl compound-containing composition comprising specified amounts of the meso-isomer of one or more of the oxolanyl compounds of specified structure is provided. Also provided are methods for the use of such compositions as vinyl content modifiers in polymerization processes. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the initiator comprises an organometallic initiator and is utilized in an amount of about 0.1 millimoles of metal per 100 grams of monomer to about 100 millimoles of metal per 100 grams of monomer.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the meso-isomer is used in an amount such that the molar ratio of the meso-isomer to the initiator is from about 0.001:1 to about 1:1.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least 75% by weight of the at least one oxolanyl compound comprises meso-isomer.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least about 80% by weight of the at least one oxolanyl compound comprises meso-isomer.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least about 90% by weight of the at least one oxolanyl compound comprises meso-isomer.7. The process of where the produced polydiene polymer has a vinyl microstructure content of at least about 30%.8. The process of claim 2 , where the produced polydiene polymer has a vinyl microstructure content of at least about 30%.9. The process of claim 3 , where the produced polydiene polymer has a vinyl microstructure content of at least about 30%.10. The process of claim 4 , where the produced polydiene polymer has a vinyl microstructure content of at least about 30%.11. The process of claim 5 , where the produced polydiene polymer has a vinyl microstructure content of at least about 30%.12. The process of claim 6 , where the produced polydiene polymer has a vinyl microstructure content of at least about 30%.13. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of polymerizing at least one vinyl aromatic monomer.14. The process of wherein the at least one vinyl aromatic monomer is selected from the group consisting of ...

ALKOXYLATED UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND USES THEREOF

Alkoxylated fatty acids are disclosed herein, as well as methods of making and using such compounds. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are formed from monomers derived from natural oils. In some embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic latex by emulsion polymerization. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants for making synthetic rubber, such as styrene-butadiene rubber. In some other embodiments, the alkoxylated fatty acids are used as surfactants in a composition for treatment of gas or oil wells, for cleaning applications, for use in various laundry-related applications, for use in personal care compositions, or for use as solvents for coating applications, such as reactive and non-reactive waterborne coating applications. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris a hydrogen atom.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris Calkyl.4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris methyl or ethyl.5. The compound of any one of to claim 1 , wherein G1 is claim 1 , independently at each occurrence claim 1 , —CH—CH— claim 1 , —CH—CH—CH— claim 1 , —CH(CH)—CH— claim 1 , —CH—CH(CH)— claim 1 , or —CH—CH—CH—CH—.6. The compound of claim 5 , wherein Gis —CH—CH.7. The compound of any one of to claim 5 , wherein Ris a hydrogen atom.8. The compound of any one of to claim 5 , wherein Ris Calkyl.9. The compound of claim 8 , wherein Ris methyl or ethyl.10. The compound of any one of to claim 8 , wherein Ris Calkenyl.11. The compound of claim 10 , wherein Ris —CH—CH═CHor —CH—CH═CH—CH—CH.12. The compound of any one of to claim 10 , wherein n is an integer from 6 to 30.13. The compound of claim 12 , wherein n is an integer from 6 to 50.14. The compound of claim 12 , wherein n is an integer from 6 to 18.15. The compound of claim 12 , wherein n is an integer from 8 to 16.16. The compound of claim 12 , wherein n is an integer from 9 to 15.17. A composition comprising:water; and{'claim-ref': [{'@idref': ' ...

Method for preparing a dry cationic hydrogel polymer product, polymer product and its use

The invention relates to a method for preparing a dry cationic hydrogel polymer product. The method comprises polymerisation of a reaction mixture comprising ethylenically unsaturated monomers in presence of water and initiator(s) by radical polymerisation and obtaining a hydrogel polymer. The hydrogel polymer is comminuted by chopping or shredding, and dried, whereby a dry hydrogel polymer product in powder form is obtained. At least one cationic reverse phase emulsion polymer is added to the hydro polymer at the comminuting step. The invention relates also to a dry cationic hydrogel polymer composition prepared by the method and its use. 2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the cationic reverse phase emulsion polymer is added in an amount of >5 weight % claim 1 , preferably >10 weight % claim 1 , more preferably >15 weight % claim 1 , calculated from the weight of dry hydrogel polymer.3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the cationic reverse phase emulsion polymer is cationic polyacrylamide having a charge density of 10-80 mol % claim 1 , preferably 40-80 mol % claim 1 , more preferably 60-80 mol %.4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the reverse phase emulsion polymer is cationic branched and/or cross-linked polyacrylamide claim 1 , where the amount of cross-linker agent is <500 ppm claim 1 , preferably <250 ppm claim 1 , more preferably <100 ppm claim 1 , calculated from the total weight of the used monomers.5. Method according to claim 1 , characterised in that wherein the reverse phase emulsion polymer has a ratio of bulk viscosity to standard viscosity claim 1 , i.e. BV/SV ratio claim 1 , in the range from 125 to 550 claim 1 , preferably from 150 to 500.6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the reverse phase emulsion polymer is added at comminuting step without addition of a lubricant.7. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is selected from acrylamide and its derivatives; methacrylamides; N- ...

CATIONIC POLYMER WITH AN AT LEAST BIMODAL MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION

Provided herein is a cationic polymer obtainable by polymerization of at least one cationic monomer, at least one crosslinker and optionally further monomers, such as nonionic monomers, associative monomers, and/or chain transfer agents. The cationic polymer has an at least bimodal molecular weight distribution with at least one first peak (P1) and at least one second peak (P2), wherein the first peak has a rather low average sedimentation coefficient of ≤10 Sved and the second peak has a rather high average sedimentation coefficient of ≥10,000 Sved. The water-soluble polymer components of the cationic polymer are ≥25% by weight related to the total amount of cationic polymer. Further provided herein is a process for obtaining such a cationic polymer as well as to an inverse dispersion, a thickener or a deposition aid, including at least one of such cationic polymers. 3. The cationic polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the monomer component a) contains at least one cationic monomer and at least one nonionic monomer.4. The cationic polymer according to claim 1 , whereini) the first peak (P1) is split into at least two peaks (P1.1, P1.2, . . . P1.X) and the weight average sum of said peaks (P1.1, P1.2, . . . P1.X) has a sedimentation coefficient of ≤6 Sved, and/orii) the first peak (P1) is not split into more than one peak, and the first peak (P1) has an average sedimentation coefficient of ≤5 Sved, and/oriii) the second peak (P2) has an average sedimentation coefficient of ≥14,000 Sved, and/oriv) the cationic polymer has an at least trimodal molecular weight distribution.5. The cationic polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the first peak (P1) is split into at least two peaks (P1.1 claim 1 , P1.2 claim 1 , . . . P.X) claim 1 , whereini) a lower molecular weight peak (P1.1) has a weight average peak maximum of ≤400,000 g/mol, and a higher molecular weight peak (P1.2) has a weight average peak maximum of ≥400,000 g/mol, and/orii) the lower molecular weight peak (P1 ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POROUS MATERIAL OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER

The disclosure provides a very simple and convenient method for producing a porous material of a water-soluble polymer. The herein disclosed method for producing a porous material of a water-soluble polymer includes a step of preparing an emulsion containing a water-soluble polymer, water, and a dispersoid, wherein the water-soluble polymer is dissolved and the dispersoid is dispersed in the emulsion, and a step of evaporating and thereby removing the water and the dispersoid from the emulsion. The boiling point of the dispersoid is higher than the boiling point of water. The solubility of the water-soluble polymer in the dispersoid is lower than the solubility of the water-soluble polymer in water. 1. A method for producing a porous material of a water-soluble polymer , comprising:a step of preparing an emulsion comprising a water-soluble polymer, water, and a dispersoid, wherein the water-soluble polymer is dissolved and the dispersoid is dispersed in the emulsion; anda step of evaporating and thereby removing the water and the dispersoid from the emulsion,wherein the boiling point of the dispersoid is higher than the boiling point of water and the solubility of the water-soluble polymer in the dispersoid is lower than the solubility of the water-soluble polymer in water.2. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the emulsion further comprises a surfactant.3. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the difference between the boiling point of the dispersoid and the boiling point of water is at least 100° C.4. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the dispersoid is an alkane compound claim 1 , an alkylene carbonate claim 1 , or a silicone compound.5. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer is a hydroxyl group-containing water-soluble polymer.6. The production method according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer is a polyvinyl alcohol-type polymer. The present disclosure ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN AQUEOUS LATEX COMPRISING PARTICLES OF A FLUOROPOLYMER

The present invention pertains to a method for manufacturing a melt-processible fluoropolymer, to the melt-processible fluoropolymer obtainable by said process and to uses of said melt-processible fluoropolymer in various applications. 2. The method according to claim 1 , said method being carried out at a temperature comprised between 50° C. and 135° C. and/or wherein the method comprises feeding a gaseous blend of TFE and VDF for maintaining polymerization pressure comprised between 10 bar and 18 bar.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer (F) further comprises recurring units derived from at least one fluorinated monomer different from tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) and vinylidene fluoride (VDF).5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer (F) further comprises recurring units derived from at least one perfluoroalkylvinylether (PAVE) of formula (I):{'br': None, 'sub': 2', 'f, 'CF═CF—O—R\u2003\u2003(I)'}{'sub': f', '1', '6', '1', '6, 'wherein Ris a C-Calkyl group or a C-C(per)fluoroalkyl group.'}6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the polymer (F) further comprises from 0.1% to 5% by moles of recurring units derived from at least one perfluoroalkylvinylether (PAVE) of formula (I) claim 5 , wherein the molar amounts of said recurring units are relative to the total moles of recurring units in said polymer (F).7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer (F) comprises:from 60% to 80% by moles of recurring units derived from tetrafluoroethylene (TFE),from 15% to 35% by moles of recurring units derived from vinylidene fluoride (VDF), and {'br': None, 'sub': 2', 'f, 'CF═CF—O—R\u2003\u2003(I)'}, 'from 0.1% to 5% by moles of recurring units derived from at least one perfluoroalkylvinylether (PAVE) of formula (I){'sub': f', '1', '6', '1', '6, 'wherein Ris a C-Calkyl group or a C-C(per)fluoroalkyl group, wherein the molar amounts of said recurring units are relative to the total moles of recurring units in said polymer (F).'}8. ...

Inhibition of polymerization

Metallocene catalyst system comprising stabilizer composition for operation and method for preparing polyolefin using the same

The present invention relates to a metallocene catalyst system including an operation stabilizing composition, and to a method for producing polyolefin by using the same. More specifically, the metallocene catalyst system comprises: 90 to 99.9 wt% of at least one metallocene compound; and 0.1 to 10 wt% of an operation stabilizing composition including at least one compound selected from the group consisting of sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, and carboxylate and at least one kind of white mineral oil. When olefin is polymerized, intrinsic activities of a catalyst are maintained, and fouling and agglomeration are minimized. Thus, a process can be stably operated. By using the present invention, a method for producing polyolefin and produced polyolefin can be provided.

Process for control of polymer fines in a gas-phase polymerization

A gas phase polymerization process comprising: ( 1 ) preparing a solution of a catalyst precursor comprising a mixture of magnesium and titanium compounds, an electron donor and a solvent; ( 2 ) adding a filler to the solution from step ( 1 ) to form a slurry; ( 3 ) spray drying the slurry from step ( 2 ) at a temperature of 100 to 140° C. to form a spray dried precursor, ( 4 ) slurring the spray dried precursor from step ( 3 ) in mineral oil, ( 5 ) partially or fully pre-activating the catalyst precursor by contacting the slurry of ( 4 ) with one or more Lewis Acids, and ( 6 ) transferring the partially or fully activated precursor from step ( 5 ) into a gas phase reactor in which an olefin polymerization reaction is in progress.

담지 메탈로센 촉매, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 이용한 폴리올레핀의 제조방법

본 발명은 담지 메탈로센 촉매, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 이용한 폴리올레핀의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 붕소를 포함하는 화합물이 화학적 결합을 통해 고정된 담체; 에, 알루미늄을 포함하는 조촉매;와 메탈로센 화합물을 담지시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 담지 메탈로센 촉매, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 이용한 폴리올레핀의 제조방법을 제공한다.

Novel polymer compounds

Provided is a composition comprising a pre-formed, hydrolytically susceptible non-addition polyanionic polymer comprising polymer strands formed from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and linking the polymer strands by at least one linking moiety comprising a hydrolytically susceptible bond, wherein at least one of which monomers has: i) one or more functional groups that can be titrated with base to form negatively charged functional groups: or ii) one or more precursor groups that are precursors of the functional groups that can be titrated with base; which precursor groups are converted to the functional groups.

Novel polymer compounds

ビニール単量体類のリビング・ラジカル重合

Process for control of polymer fines in a gas-phase polymerization

A gas phase polymerization process comprising: (1) preparing a solution of a catalyst precursor comprising a mixture of magnesium and titanium compounds, an electron donor and a solvent; (2) adding a filler to the solution from step (1) to form a slurry; (3) spray drying the slurry from step (2) at a temperature of 100 to 140 °C to form a spray dried precursor; (4) slurring the spray dried precursor from step (3) in mineral oil, (5) partially or fully pre-activating the catalyst precursor by contacting the slurry of (4) with one or more Lewis Acids, and (6) transferring the partially or fully activated precursor from step (5) into a gas phase reactor in which an olefin polymerization reaction is in progress.

Electrochemically mediated atom transfer radical polymerization

Electrochemical reduction of an exemplary ATRP catalyst, C II Br 2 /Me 6 TREN, is shown to be an efficient process to mediate and execute an ATRP. The onset of polymerization occurs only through passage of a cathodic current achieved under a reductive potential to form Cu I Br 2 /Me 6 TREN, within the reaction medium. Unprecedented control over the polymerization kinetics can be attained through electrochemical methods by modulating the magnitude of the applied potential allowing polymerization rate enhancement or retardation. Additional polymerization control is gained through electrochemical “dials” allowing polymerization rate enhancements achieved by larger applied potentials and the ability to successfully switch a polymerization “on” and “off between dormant and active states by application of multistep intermittent potentials.

Liquid-retaining elastomeric compositions, process of preparation and uses thereof

Provided are compositions-of-matter comprising a continuous elastomeric matrix that is structurally-templated by an external phase of a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE), and a liquid dispersed and entrapped in the elastomeric matrix in a form of a plurality of discrete liquid-filled voids. Also provided are processes for obtaining said compositions-of-matter and uses thereof.

High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) and foams made therefrom

High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), porous polymeric materials made therefrom, and methods for making and using the same. Specific embodiments of the invention include water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions having at least 70 volume percent of an internal aqueous phase and less than 30 volume percent of an external oil phase wherein the oil phase comprises a vinyl polymerizable monomer and a surfactant effective to stabilize the emulsion. The subject surfactants are oil soluble and preferably include an oxyalkylene component.

Processes for the rapid preparation of foam materials from high internal phase emulsions at high temperatures and pressures

This application relates to flexible, microporous, open-celled polymeric foam materials with physical characteristics that make them suitable for a variety of uses. This application particularly relates to high temperature processes having short curing times for preparing such foam materials from high internal phase emulsions.

Foams containing functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles and methods of making same

The invention discloses methods for making foams comprising functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles by photopolymerizing or thermally polymerizing emulsions comprising a reactive phase and a phase immiscible with the reactive phase components. Foams made from water-in-oil emulsions, including high internal phase emulsion are also disclosed. Articles and uses for the foams are also described.

Highly porous polymeric materials comprising biologically active molecules via covalent grafting

The present invention relates to highly porous polymeric materials comprising covalently grafted biologically active species. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of highly porous materials comprising functional monomers capable of grafting to a biologically active molecular species comprising the steps of: (a) preparing an emulsion composition comprising a droplet phase and a continuous phase and containing monomers, (b) curing the emulsion and (c) optionally removing the water/droplet phase. The invention further relates to a process for grafting biologically active species to such a highly porous polymeric material comprising the steps of: (i) exposing the highly porous material to a solution of the biologically active species in a suitable solvent medium, (ii) optionally adding an activating agent, (iii) optionally heating, and (iv) rinsing the porous material with solvent medium to remove non-grafted species. The highly porous polymeric materials comprising covalently grafted biologically active species can be used e.g. as a heterogeneous catalyst, in biosensors, for chromatography, in biomedical devices and in implants.

Foams containing functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles and methods of making same

The invention discloses methods for making foams comprising functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles by photopolymerizing or thermally polymerizing emulsions comprising a reactive phase and a phase immiscible with the reactive phase components. Foams made from water-in-oil emulsions, including high internal phase emulsion are also disclosed. Articles and uses for the foams are also described.

High internal phase emulsions and porous materials prepared therefrom

A high internal phase emulsion having an emulsion stabilizing surfactant, one or more insoluble fillers, at least 70 volume percent of a discontinous internal phase; and less than 30 volume percent of a continuous external phase containing one or more vinyl polymerizable monomer(s). Polymerizing the waterin-oil high internal phase emulsion produces an open-cell porous polymeric material having insoluble fillers incorporated into its polymeric backbone.

Highly porous polymeric materials comprising biologically active molecules via covalent grafting

The present invention relates to highly porous polymeric materials comprising covalently grafted biologically active species. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of highly porous materials comprising functional monomers capable of grafting to a biologically active molecular species comprising the steps of: (a) preparing an emulsion composition comprising a droplet phase and a continuous phase and containing monomers, (b) curing the emulsion and (c) optionally removing the water/droplet phase. The invention further relates to a process for grafting biologically active species to such a highly porous polymeric material comprising the steps of: (i) exposing the highly porous material to a solution of the biologically active species in a suitable solvent medium, (ii) optionally adding an activating agent, (iii) optionally heating, and (iv) rinsing the porous material with solvent medium to remove non-grafted species. The highly porous polymeric materials comprising covalently grafted biologically active species can be used e.g. as a heterogeneous catalyst, in biosensors, for chromatography, in biomedical devices and in implants.

Liquid-retaining elastomeric compositions, process of preparation and uses thereof

Water-Absorbent Resin and Absorbent Article

The following are provided: a water-absorbent resin in which, in the formation of an absorbent material forming an absorbent article, dispersion is satisfactory even in a moisture absorption state, which prevents the occurrence of troubles at the time of manufacturing of the absorbent article and which allows efficient manufacturing; and an absorbent article using an absorbent material containing the water-absorbent resin. The water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and performing post-crosslinking thereon with a post-crosslinking agent, and the water-absorbent resin satisfies the requirements below: (A) yellow index is 5.0 or less; and (B) gel strength is 1800 Pa or less. Fig.1

Polymerization catalyst

Process for polymerizing olefins

Process for control of polymer fines in a gas-phase polymerization

A gas phase polymerization process comprising: (1) preparing a solution of a catalyst precursor comprising a mixture of magnesium and titanium compounds, an electron donor and a solvent; (2) adding a filler to the solution from step (1) to form a slurry; (3) spray drying the slurry from step (2) at a temperature of 100 to 140° C. to form a spray dried precursor, (4) slurring the spray dried precursor from step (3) in mineral oil, (5) partially or fully pre-activating the catalyst precursor by contacting the slurry of (4) with one or more Lewis Acids, and (6) transferring the partially or fully activated precursor from step (5) into a gas phase reactor in which an olefin polymerization reaction is in progress.

Polymeric beads for oligonucleotide synthesis

The present invention provides solid support media for use in oligomer synthesis, methods of producing the media, and methods of using the media. In some embodiments, the processes of the invention comprise (a) providing an organic phase comprising an olefin monomer, a cross-linker, a functionalizing reagent and an initiator; and (b) contacting the organic phase with an aqueous phase under conditions of time and temperature effective to form the polymeric bead.

Reverse-phase polymerisation process

A reverse-phase suspension polymerisation process for the manufacture of polymer beads comprising forming aqueous monomer beads comprising an aqueous solution of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer or monomer blend and polymerising the monomer or monomer blend to form polymer beads while suspended in a non-aqueous liquid, and recovering polymer beads, in which the process comprises, providing in a vessel (1) a volume (2) of non-aqueous liquid wherein the volume of non-aqueous liquid extends between at least one polymer bead discharge point (3) and at least one monomer feed point (4), feeding the aqueous monomer or monomer blend through orifices (5) into, or onto, the non-aqueous liquid to form aqueous monomer beads, allowing the aqueous monomer beads to flow towards the polymer bead discharge point subjecting the aqueous monomer beads to polymerisation conditions to initiate polymerisation to form polymerising beads, wherein the polymerising beads have formed polymer beads when they reach the polymer bead discharge point, removing a suspension of the polymer beads in non-aqueous liquid from the vessel at the polymer bead discharge point and recovering water soluble or water swellable polymer beads from the suspension. The invention also relates to the apparatus suitable for carrying out a reverse-phase suspension polymerisation and polymer beads obtainable by the process or employing the apparatus.

Method for producing water-absorbent resin

The present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for producing a water-absorbent resin by reversed phase suspension polymerization, the resin having a small particle diameter and a narrow particle size distribution. This method for producing a water-absorbent resin by the reversed phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in a petroleum hydrocarbon dispersion medium containing a surfactant and a polymeric dispersant is characterized in that the polymeric dispersant is a polymeric protective colloid having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 2,000-15,000 and having a molecular weight distribution (Mw/number-average molecular weight (Mn)) of 3-50.

Process for preparing spherical and porous vinyl resin particles

Process for making porous, substantially spherical particles of vinyl polymers or resins by the use of the suspension polymerization technique. In the polymerization there is employed a water-insoluble dispersant comprised of a substantially unneutralized crosslinked interpolymer of one or more carboxylic acid monomers with a polyunsaturated compound having a plurality of terminally unsaturated polymerizable groups and optionally a water-soluble surfactant with a polyethertype hydrophilic segment using rapid stirring or high agitation while employing a monomer-soluble free radical yielding polymerization catalyst. When using the new process, the polymer buildup in the reactor is substantially reduced.

Method for producing aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene dispersion

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel production method for producing an aqueous dispersion which contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles that are not melt-processable. The present invention is a production method for producing an aqueous dispersion which contains polytetrafluoroethylene particles that are not melt-processable, said production method being characterized by comprising a step wherein tetrafluoroethylene is polymerized in an aqueous medium in the presence of perfluorohexanoic acid or a salt thereof.

Synthesis method for block polymers by controlled radical polymerisation from dithioester compounds

Ink jet ink compositions and processes thereof

A process for the preparation of an ink comprised of an organic solvent, a colorant and a latex, and wherein the latex is generated from the polymerization of a mixture of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and a mixture of olefinic monomers, followed by the addition of an organic solvent.

Adhesive composition for hard tissue

An adhesive composition including an etchant for a hard tissue surface, at least one multifunctional crosslinkable (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality greater than 4, and water. The adhesive composition is a water-in-oil emulsion.

Adhesive composition for hard tissue

An adhesive composition including an etchant for a hard tissue surface, at least one multifunctional crosslinkable (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality greater than 4, and water. The adhesive composition is a water-in-oil emulsion.

Adhesive composition for hard tissue

An adhesive composition including an etchant for a hard tissue surface, at least one multifunctional crosslinkable (meth)acrylate monomer with a functionality greater than 4, and water. The adhesive composition is a water-in-oil emulsion.

PROCEDURE FOR SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS IN BLOCKS BY CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION FROM DITIOESTER COMPOUNDS AND POLYMER IN BLOCKS

La invencion se refiere a un procedimiento de preparacion, por polimerizacion de radicales, de polimeros en bloques de formula general (I),procedimiento en el cual se pone en contacto: un monomero etilénicamente insaturado de formula: CYY(=CW-CW)a=CH2, un compuesto precursor de formulageneral (II), y un indicador de polimerizacion de radicales. The invention relates to a process for the preparation, by polymerization of radicals, of block polymers of general formula (I), method in which it is contacted: an ethylenically unsaturated monomer of formula: CYY (= CW-CW) a = CH2, a precursor compound of general formula (II), and an indicator of radical polymerization.

Processo para a síntese de polímeros composição e polímero

聚合物珠和聚合物珠的制备方法

本发明描述了聚合物珠和制备聚合物珠的方法。聚合物珠为交联的水凝胶或干燥的水凝胶。聚合物珠由接触辐射的前体组合物的小滴形成。小滴完全被气体相所包围。前体组合物包含极性溶剂和在极性溶剂中可混溶的可聚合材料。可聚合材料每单体分子具有的烯键式不饱和基团的平均数目等于至少1.2。

Method of getting macroporous polymer composite material with magnetic nanoparticles to eliminate oil product spills from water surface

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of polymer chemistry, in particular to the preparation of macroporous polymeric materials that can be used in the elimination of oil spills from the water surface. Macroporous polymer composite material with magnetic nanoparticles is obtained by polymerization of a water-in-oil emulsion stabilized by a sol of magnetic maghemite nanoparticles 10 to 100 nm in size with a particle content of 0.1–0.5 g per 0.1–0.3 ml of sorbitan monooleate. EFFECT: invention provides a macroporous polymeric composite material with magnetic nanoparticles located inside the polymer matrix, which prevents them from being washed out when the liquid is absorbed. 1 cl, 2 dwg, 2 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 680 044 C1 (51) МПК C08J 9/00 (2006.01) B82B 3/00 (2006.01) C08F 2/32 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C08J 9/00 (2018.08); B82B 3/00 (2018.08); C08F 2/32 (2018.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017145969, 26.12.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 14.02.2019 (45) Опубликовано: 14.02.2019 Бюл. № 5 Адрес для переписки: 125047, Москва, пл. Миусская, д. 9, РХТУ им. Д.И.Менделеева (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский химико-технологический университет имени Д. И. Менделеева" (РХТУ им. Д. И. Менделеева) (RU) (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: Zhang N. и др., Superhydrophobic C 1 2 6 8 0 0 4 4 R U (54) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ МАКРОПОРИСТОГО ПОЛИМЕРНОГО КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА С МАГНИТНЫМИ НАНОЧАСТИЦАМИ ДЛЯ УСТРАНЕНИЯ РАЗЛИВОВ НЕФТЕПРОДУКТОВ С ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ВОДЫ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к области химии золем магнитных наночастиц маггемита размером полимеров, а именно к получению 10 – 100 нм с содержанием частиц 0,1 – 0,5 г на макропористых полимерных материалов, 0,1 – 0,3 мл сорбитанмоноолеата. Изобретение которые ...