Process for mineral oil production using hydrophobically associating copolymers

A process for mineral oil production, in which an aqueous formulation comprising at least one water-soluble, hydrophobically associating copolymer is injected through at least one injection borehole into a mineral oil deposit, and crude oil is withdrawn from the deposit through at least one production borehole, wherein the water-soluble, hydrophobically associating copolymer comprises at least acrylamide or derivatives thereof, a monomer having anionic groups and a monomer which can bring about the association of the copolymer, and water-soluble, hydro-phobically associating copolymer which has a low shear degradation and is suitable for execution of the process.

Diels-alder crosslinkable dendritic nonlinear optic chromophores and polymer composites

Diels-Alder crosslinkable dendritic nonlinear optical chromophore compounds, films and crosslinked polymer composites formed from the chromophore compounds, methods for making and using the chromophore compounds, films, and crosslinked polymer composites, and electro-optic devices that include films and crosslinked polymer composites formed from the chromophore compounds.

Expandable Functional TFE Copolymer Fine Powder, Expanded Products and Reacted Products Therefrom

A functional TFE copolymer fine powder is described, wherein the TFE copolymer is a polymer of TFE and at least one functional comonomer, and wherein the TFE copolymer has functional groups that are pendant to the polymer chain. The functional TFE copolymer fine powder resin is paste extrudable and expandable. Methods for making the functional TFE copolymer are also described. The expanded functional TFE copolymer material may be post-reacted after expansion. 1. An expanded polymeric material comprising a functional TFE copolymer material having a microstructure characterized by nodes interconnected by fibrils wherein the TFE copolymer comprises a polymer chain of TFE and at least one comonomer having a functional group that is pendant to the polymer chain.2. The expanded polymeric material of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional polymer.3. The expanded polymeric material of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional fluoropolymer4. The expanded polymeric material of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional perfluoropolymer5. The expanded polymeric material of claim 2 , wherein the at least one additional polymer is a second functional TFE copolymer.6. The expanded polymeric material of claim 2 , wherein the at least one additional polymer is PTFE polymer.7. The expanded polymeric material of claim 2 , wherein the at least one additional polymer is a modified PTFE polymer.8. The expanded polymeric material of claim 1 , wherein the at least one comonomer is a fluorovinyl ether comonomer of the general formula CF═CF—ORZ claim 1 , where Rrepresents a fluoro alkyl group optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen(s) and Z represents a functional group.9. The expanded polymeric material of claim 8 , wherein Z is nitrile claim 8 , aldehyde claim 8 , carboxylic acid or salts thereof claim 8 , ester claim 8 , amine claim 8 , amide claim 8 , carbonyl halide claim 8 , sulfonyl halide claim 8 , sulfonic acid or salts thereof claim 8 , ...

CONJUGATED POLYMER BASED ON PERYLENE TETRACARBOXYLIC ACID DIIMIDE AND DIBENZOTHIOPHENE AND THE PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present invention discloses a conjugated polymer having high photoelectric conversion efficiency based on perylene tetracarboxylic acid diimide and dibenzothiophene having high light absorption and high electron affinity in the visible light region, which has the following general formula: 3. The method of preparing the conjugated polymer according to claim 2 , wherein the organic solvent in Step S11 is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran claim 2 , dimethyl amide claim 2 , dioxane claim 2 , ethylene glycol dimethyl ether claim 2 , benzene claim 2 , and toluene.4. The method of preparing the conjugated polymer according to claim 2 , wherein the catalyst in Step S12 is added in an amount from 0.01% to 5% by molar number of the total materials;the catalyst is an organic palladium or a mixture of the organic palladium and an organophosphine ligand;{'sub': 2', '3', '3', '4', '3', '2', '2, 'the organic palladium is selected from the group consisting of Pd(dba), Pd(PPh)and Pd(PPh)Cl;'}{'sub': '3', 'the organophosphine ligand is P(o-Tol); and'}a molar ratio of the organic palladium to the organophosphine ligand is from 1:2 to 1:20 in the mixture of the organic palladium and the organophosphine ligand.5. The method of preparing the conjugated polymer according to claim 2 , further comprising a purification process after the conjugated polymer solution is obtained claim 2 , the purification process comprising the following specific steps:S13: adding the conjugated polymer solution in droplets into methanol for precipitation treatment, and then filtered, washed with methanol and dried, producing a colloid containing the conjugated polymer;S14: dissolving the colloid containing the conjugated polymer in toluene, then adding the toluene solution into an aqueous solution of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, and then the resultant solution goes through an aluminum oxide column chromatography after heat agitation at 80° C. to 100° C. to isolate the conjugated ...

Preparation method of hyperbranched polycarboxylic acid type copolymer cement dispersant

The present invention provides a preparation method of hyperbranched polycarboxylic acid type copolymer cement dispersant, including: Monomer A, B and C undergo a free radical copolymerization in an aqueous medium. The molar ratio of Monomer A, Monomer B and Monomer C conforms to B/A-A-2-10 and C/(A+B-C)-0.02-0.08. Monomer A is expressed by General Formula (1), where, Ris H or a methyl; X═O, CHO, CHCHO; m is an integer from 5 to 200. 2. The preparation method of hyperbranched polycarboxylic acid type copolymer cement dispersant as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that Monomer A is selected from at least one of the following: polyethylene glycol vinyl ether claim 1 , polyethylene glycol allyl ether claim 1 , polyethylene glycol methylallyl ether and 3-methyl-3-butylene-1-polyethylene glycol alcoholic ether.3. The preparation method of hyperbranched polycarboxylic acid type copolymer cement dispersant as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that Monomer B is selected from at least one of the following: acrylic acid claim 1 , methacrylic acid claim 1 , maleic acid or acrylic acid claim 1 , methacrylic acid claim 1 , sodium salt of maleic acid claim 1 , sylvite or ammonium salt.5. The preparation method of hyperbranched polycarboxylic acid type copolymer cement dispersant as claimed in claim 4 , characterized in that Compound D is selected from one of the following: polyethylene glycol vinyl ether claim 4 , polyethylene glycol allyl ether claim 4 , polyethylene glycol methylallyl ether and 3-methyl-3-butylene-1-polyethylene glycol alcoholic ether.{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'The preparation method of hyperbranched polycarboxylic acid type copolymer cement dispersant as claimed in , characterized in that Compound D and Compound E with the presence of the catalyst and the polymerization inhibitor undergo the esterification, wherein, the molar ratio of Compound E to D conforms to e/d=1.2˜1.5, and the dosage of the polymerization inhibitor, ...

CATIONIC POLYMERIC FLUORINATED ETHER SILANE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE

A composition comprises a polymer having a first pendant group selected from at least one perfluorinated ether group or perfluoroalkanesulfonamido group, a second pendant group comprising an ammonium group, wherein the second pendant group is free of silicon, and a third pendant group comprising an ammonium group and a reactive silicon-containing group. The polymer and composition are useful for protecting a substrate, for example, to render the substrate oil repellent, water repellent, or both, or to provide stain repellency to the substrate. 112.-. (canceled)14. (canceled)16. The polymer of claim 13 , prepared from reactants further comprising a chain transfer agent.17. The polymer of wherein the chain transfer agent has the structure Q—SR claim 16 , wherein Q comprises at least one of an alkyl group claim 16 , an aryl group claim 16 , an aralkyl group claim 16 , or a reactive silicon-containing group claim 16 , and Ris selected from a hydrogen atom claim 16 , an alkyl group claim 16 , an aryl group claim 16 , an aralkyl group claim 16 , and an acyl group.18. The polymer of wherein Q comprises the structure of Formula XI{'br': None, 'sup': 13', '12, 'sub': '3', '—RSi(R),\u2003\u2003(XI)'}{'sup': 13', '12, 'wherein Rcomprises an alkylene group, an arylene group, or both, and each Ris independently a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an acyl group, an acyloxy group, a halo group, an ether group, or a polyether group.'}1926.-. (canceled) The present invention relates to cationic polymeric fluorinated ether silane compositions and methods of using these compositions.Some fluorinated compounds can impart water and oil resistance to substrates such as, for example, textiles, paper, non-woven materials, leather, and masonry. Water and oil resistance has been achieved by applying a composition comprising a fluorinated compound to, for example, the surface of a substrate. Fluorinated compounds that have been shown to impart water and oil resistance to substrates include some ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING COPOLYMER OF DIALLYLAMINE AND SULFUR DIOXIDE

Provided is a process for producing a copolymer of a diallylamine and sulfur dioxide which copolymer has a higher molecular weight and water-solubility than that obtained by a conventional production process by copolymerizing the diallylamine and sulfur dioxide in the presence of an acid and a radical polymerization initiator in a polar solvent. 2. The process as recited in claim 1 , which comprises mixing the diallylamine (I) and the acid in the polar solvent claim 1 , then claim 1 , mixing the resultant acidic solution of the diallylamine (I) with the sulfur dioxide claim 1 , and copolymerizing the diallylamine (I) and the sulfur dioxide in the presence of the radical polymerization initiator in the resultant mixture solution.3. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein said acid is an acid having a pKa of 4.0 or less.4. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein said diallylamine (I) is a diallylamine selected from the group consisting of diallyldimethylammonium chloride claim 1 , diallylethylmethylammonium ethylsulfate claim 1 , diallylmethylamine hydrochloride and diallylamine hydrochloride.5. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein the obtained copolymer of the diallylamine (I) and sulfur dioxide has a molecular weight of 2 claim 1 ,800 to 200 claim 1 ,000. This invention relates to a process for producing a copolymer of a diallylamine and sulfur dioxide, and specifically, it relates to a process for producing a copolymer of a diallylamine and sulfur dioxide, which process enables the production of a copolymer having a higher molecular weight than any conventional process.A copolymer of a diallylamine and sulfur dioxide can be produced at high yields by copolymerizing a diallylamine and sulfur dioxide in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator in a polar solvent (for example, see Patent Document 1 or 2). A copolymer of a diallylamine and sulfur dioxide obtained by the above production process is water-soluble, and its use in a variety of ...

SYNTHETIC MATRICES FOR SELF-RENEWAL AND EXPANSION OF STEM CELLS

Provided herein is a synthetic polymer-based hydrogel for the self-renewal and expansion of human stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Also provided are methods of making and using the same. 1. A synthetic hydrogel comprising a heparin mimetic moiety and an acrylamide monomer.2. The synthetic hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the heparin mimetic moiety is poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS).3. The synthetic hydrogel of claim 2 , wherein the molar fraction of PSS ranges from about 0.5 to 2.4. The synthetic hydrogel of claim 2 , wherein the PSS has a matrix rigidity of about 54 kPa claim 2 , about 138 kPa claim 2 , or about 344 kPa.5. The synthetic hydrogel of claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio of the acrylamide monomer to PSS is 6:0.5 claim 3 , 6:1 claim 3 , or 6:2.6. The synthetic hydrogel of claim 5 , wherein the molar ratio of the acrylamide monomer to PSS is 6:2.7. The synthetic hydrogel of claim 1 , further comprising a bisacrylamide.8. A method for synthesizing a hydrogel comprising copolymerizing an acrylamide monomer with an ionic monomer.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the ionic monomer is sodium-4-styrenesulfonate (SS).10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the ionic monomer is poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS).11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the molar ratio of the acrylamide monomer to PSS is 6:0.5 claim 10 , 6:1 claim 10 , or 6:2.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the PSS has a matrix rigidity of about 54 kPa claim 10 , about 138 kPa claim 10 , or about 344 kPa.13. The method of claim 8 , further comprising copolymerizing the acrylamide monomer and the ionic monomer with a bisacrylamide.14. A method for synthesizing a hydrogel comprising dissolving an acrylamide monomer and an ionic monomer in deionized water claim 8 , and polymerizing the acrylamide monomer and ionic monomer using a crosslinker and a redox initiator.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the crosslinker is bisacrylamide.16. The ...

SILICONE POLYMERS COMPRISING SULFONIC ACID GROUPS

The present invention relates to a silicone polymer comprising a sulfonic acid component formed from reactive components comprising (i) at least one silicone component and (ii) at least one sulfonic acid-containing component, wherein the sulfonic acid-containing component is comprised of a non-polymerizable, hydrophobic cation and a polymerizable sulfonic acid. 1. A silicone polymer comprising a sulfonic acid component formed from reactive components comprising (i) at least one silicone component and (ii) at least one sulfonic acid-containing component , wherein said sulfonic acid-containing component is comprised of a non-polymerizable , hydrophobic cation and a polymerizable sulfonic acid.2. A silicone polymer of claim 1 , wherein said polymerizable sulfonic acid is selected from the group consisting of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid claim 1 , p-styrenesulfonic acid claim 1 , 2-methacryloyloxyethylsulfonic acid claim 1 , 3-methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropylsulonic acid claim 1 , allylsulfonic acid claim 1 , 3-methacryloyloxypropylsulfonic acid claim 1 , vinylsulfonic acid claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. A silicone polymer of claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic cation is selected from the group consisting of alkyl amines claim 1 , siloxy alkyl amines claim 1 , and aryl alkyl amine.5. A silicone polymer of wherein said at least one silicone component is selected from the group consisting of methacryloxypropyl terminated claim 1 , mono-n-alkyl terminated polydialkylsiloxane; bis-3-acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl polydialkylsiloxane; methacryloxypropyl-terminated polydialkylsiloxane; mono-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy)propyl terminated claim 1 , mono-alkyl terminated polydialkylsiloxane; and mixtures thereof.6. A silicone polymer of wherein said at least one silicone component is selected from monomethacrylate terminated polydimethylsiloxanes; bis-3-acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxypropyl polydialkylsiloxane; mono-(3-methacryloxy-2-hydroxypropyloxy) ...

CHEMICALLY RESISTANT MEMBRANES, COATINGS AND FILMS AND METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION

There is provided herein a membrane or film comprising one or more aromatic ionomers covalently crosslinked through aryl-aryl (—Ar—Ar—), aryl-ether-aryl (—Ar—O—Ar—), aryl-sulfide-aryl (—Ar—S—Ar—), aryl-sulfone-aryl bonds, or any combination thereof, wherein said one or more aromatic ionomers further comprises at least one electron withdrawing group adapted to improve oxidant resistance of said membrane or film. 131-. (canceled)32. A membrane or film comprising:one or more aromatic ionomers covalently crosslinked through aryl-aryl (—Ar—Ar—), aryl-ether-aryl (—Ar—O—Ar—), aryl-sulfide-aryl (—Ar—S—Ar—), aryl-sulfone-aryl bonds, or any combination thereof, wherein said one or more aromatic ionomers further comprises at least one electron withdrawing group adapted to improve oxidant resistance of said membrane or film.33. The membrane or film according to claim 32 , wherein the covalently crosslinking was formed through diazonium reactions.34. The membrane or film according to claim 32 , wherein the electron withdrawing group is selected from a group consisting of a halide claim 32 , nitro group claim 32 , sulfonic group claim 32 , phosphonic group and carboxylic group.35. The membrane or film according to claim 34 , wherein the halide comprises F claim 34 , Cl claim 34 , Br or any combination thereof.36. The membrane or film according to claim 32 , wherein the electron withdrawing group is a nitro group.37. The membrane or film according to claim 32 , wherein the one or more aromatic ionomers comprise an aromatic condensation polymer comprising polysulfone (PSU) claim 32 , polyphenylsulfone (PPS) claim 32 , polyphenylene sulfone claim 32 , polyethersulfone (PES) claim 32 , polyetherketone (PEK) claim 32 , polyether ether ketone (PEEK) claim 32 , polyether ketone ether ketone claim 32 , a combination of polyether ketone and polysulfone claim 32 , polyphenylene sulfide claim 32 , phenylene sulfone claim 32 , a combination of sulfide and sulfone claim 32 , poly ether based ...

Process for the treatment of sulfonyl fluoride polymers

A process for reducing the amount of soluble polymeric fractions in a sulfonyl fluoride polymer. The process comprises contacting the sulfonyl fluoride polymer with a fluorinated fluid followed by separation of the polymer from the fluid. The fluorinated fluid is selected from hydrofluoroethers and hydrofluoropolyethers. The invention further relates to sulfonyl fluoride polymers obtainable by the process and having a heat of fusion not exceeding 4 J/g and containing less than 15% by weight of polymeric fractions having an average content of monomeric units comprising a sulfonyl functional group exceeding 24 mole %. 1. A process for reducing to less than 15% by weight the amount of polymeric fractions in which the average content of monomeric units comprising at least one sulfonyl fluoride group is greater than 24 mole % in a sulfonyl fluoride polymer having a heat of fusion not exceeding 4 J/g , measured according to ASTM 3418-08 , said process comprising the steps of contacting said polymer with a fluorinated fluid selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoroethers and hydrofluoropolyethers for at least 1 minute; and separating said fluid from said polymer.2. The process according to wherein the fluorinated fluid is a hydrofluoroether.3. The process according to wherein the sulfonyl fluoride polymer is contacted with the fluorinated fluid at a temperature of from −40° C. to no more than 80° C.4. The process according to any wherein the sulfonyl fluoride polymer is in pellet or granular form.5. A sulfonyl fluoride polymer having a heat of fusion not exceeding 4 J/g claim 1 , measured according to ASTM 3418-08 claim 1 , and containing less than 15% by weight of polymeric fractions having an average content of monomeric units comprising at least one sulfonyl fluoride group greater than 24 mole %.6. The polymer according to containing less than 10% by weight of said polymeric fractions having an average content of said monomeric units comprising at least one said ...

POLYMERIZABLE COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED MONOMERS HAVING EPISULFIDE FUNCTIONAL GROUPS AND RELATED METHODS

Provided is a polymerizable composition of (a) a monomer composition including ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a β-epithiopropyl functional group; (b) optionally, a compound having two or more β-epithiopropyl functional groups but no polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups; (c) an isourea functional polymerization initiator; and (d) a catalyst for reaction between the β-epithiopropyl functional groups. Also provided is a method of reducing the yellowness index of a sulfur-containing polymerizate prepared by addition polymerization, the method including reacting in the presence of an isourea functional polymerization initiator and a catalyst for reaction between β-epithiopropyl functional groups, a polymerizable composition of: (a) a monomer composition including ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a β-epithiopropyl functional group; and, optionally, (b) a compound having two or more β-epithiopropyl functional groups but no polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups. 1. A polymerizable composition comprising:(a) a monomer composition comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a β-epithiopropyl functional group;(b) optionally, a compound having two or more β-epithiopropyl functional groups but no polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated groups;(c) an isourea functional polymerization initiator; and(d) a catalyst present in an amount sufficient to effect reaction between the β-epithiopropyl functional groups.2. The polymerizable composition of wherein claim 1 , upon polymerization and formation of a polymerizate claim 1 , the polymerizate demonstrates reduced yellowing compared to a similar polymerizable composition that does not contain the isourea functional polymerization initiator and the catalyst.3. The polymerizable composition of wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a β-epithiopropyl functional group comprises thioglycidylmethacrylate.4. The polymerizable composition of wherein the ...

SORPTION OF WATER FROM A SAMPLE USING A POLYMERIC DRYING AGENT

A method of extracting an analyte from a sample is described where the sample includes water. The sample and polymeric drying agent are added to a container. The polymeric drying agent includes a cationic monomer, an anionic monomer, and a crosslinker. The polymeric drying agent is configured to sorb water from the sample. 1. A method of extracting an analyte from a sample , the method comprising:adding the sample and a polymeric drying agent to a container, the polymeric drying agent comprising a cationic monomer, an anionic monomer, and a crosslinker; anddispensing a solvent to the container;dissolving the analyte from the sample into the solvent; andsorbing water within the container by the polymeric drying agent.2. The method of further comprising:removing the solvent from the container; andanalyzing the analyte using an analytical technique, in which the analytical technique is one of a liquid chromatography, a mass spectrometry, a gas chromatography, an ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, a fluorescence spectroscopy, a flame ionization detection, an electrochemical detection, and a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , in which substantially all of the water is sorbed within the container by the polymeric drying agent.4. The method of claim 1 , in which the container has less than about 100 microliters of water after the polymeric drying agent has sorbed the water.5. The method of claim 1 , in which the sample includes water.6. The method of claim 1 , in which the solvent includes an organic solvent.7. The method of claim 1 , in which a molar ratio of the cationic monomer to the anionic monomer is about 1:1.8. The method of claim 1 , in which the cationic monomer comprises a strong base and the anionic monomer comprises a strong acid.9. The method of claim 1 , in which the strong base has a pKa greater than ten and the strong acid has a pKa less than three.10. The method of claim 1 , in which the strong base has a pKa greater than ten and the strong ...

FLUORINE-CONTAINING POLYMER COMPRISING A SULFINATE-CONTAINING MOLECULE

Described herein is a composition having a fluoropolymer derived from the polymerization of a monomer and a sulfinate-containing molecule, wherein the sulfinate-containing molecule is selected from the group consisting of Formula (I), Formula (II); and combinations thereof, wherein X, X, and Xare each independently selected from H, F, Cl, a Cto Calkyl group, and a Cto Cfluorinated alkyl group; R is a linking group; Zand Zare independently selected from F, CF, and a perfluoroalkyl group; Rand Rare end-groups; p is 0 or 1; m is at least 1; and M is a cation. Also disclosed are methods of making and articles thereof. 2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the sulfinate-containing molecule of Formula (I) is selected from: CF═CF—O(CF)—SOM;{'sub': 2', '2', 'n', '2', '2', '2', '3', 'n', '2', 'o', '2, 'CH═CH—(CF)—SOM; CF═CF—O[CFCF(CF)O](CF)—SOM; and combinations thereof, where n is at least 1, o is at least 1, and M is a cation.'}4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing polymer is further derived from a second fluoroalkyl sulfinate initiator of CFSOM claim 1 , wherein M is a cation.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the monomer is selected from: tetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , hexafluoropropylene claim 1 , trifluoroethylene claim 1 , bromotrifluoroethylene claim 1 , chlorotrifluoroethylene claim 1 , vinylidene fluoride claim 1 , vinyl fluoride claim 1 , CFCH═CF claim 1 , CFCH═CH claim 1 , CF═CHBr claim 1 , CH═CHCHBr claim 1 , CF═CFCFBr claim 1 , CH═CHCFCFBr claim 1 , and combinations thereof.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing polymer is crystalline.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing polymer is semi-crystalline claim 1 , or amorphous.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing polymer is partially fluorinated.11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing polymer is fully fluorinated.12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the ...

COMPOSITION FOR OPTICAL MATERIAL

The present invention relates to a composition for an optical material, which is capable of suppressing occurrence of polymerization unevenness called striae, in particular, striae to be caused in high-powered lenses with sharp curves, and more specifically relates to a composition for an optical material including: a polymerization catalyst having a mass ratio of dibutyltin dichloride to monobutyltin trichloride of 97.0/3.0 to 100.0/0.0; a polythiol compound; and a polyiso(thio)cyanate compound. 1. A composition for an optical material , comprising:a polymerization catalyst having a mass ratio of dibutyltin dichloride to monobutyltin trichloride of 97.0/3.0 to 100.0/0.0;a polythiol compound; anda polyiso(thio)cyanate compound.2. A composition for an optical material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization catalyst contains dibutyltin dichloride by 97.0 mass % or more and monobutyltin trichloride by 3.0 mass % or less.3. A composition for an optical material according to claim 1 , wherein the polythiol compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1 claim 1 ,2-bis[(2-mercaptoethyl)thio]-3-mercaptopropane; bis(mercaptomethyl)-3 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,9-trithia-1 claim 1 ,11-undecanedithiol; pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate); bis(mercaptomethyl)sulfide; 1 claim 1 ,3-bis(mercaptomethyl)benzene; and 1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,3-tetrakis(mercaptomethylthio)propane.4. A composition for an optical material according to claim 1 , wherein the polyiso(thio)cyanate compound is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2 claim 1 ,5-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane; 2 claim 1 ,6-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane; bis(isocyanatomethyl)cyclohexane; dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate; isophorone diisocyanate; 1 claim 1 ,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene; and α claim 1 ,α claim 1 ,α′ claim 1 ,α′-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate.5. An optical material obtained by polymerizing a composition for an ...

PHOTODEGRADABLE GROUPS FOR TUNABLE POLYMERIC MATERIALS

Here, we present a photodegradable microparticle system that can be employed to entrap and deliver bioactive proteins to cells during culture. By using a photosensitive delivery system, experimenters can achieve a wide variety of spatiotemporally regulated release profiles with a single microparticle formulation, thereby enabling one to probe many questions as to how protein presentation can be manipulated to regulate cell function. Photodegradable microparticles were synthesized via inverse suspension polymerization with a mean diameter of 22 μm, and degradation was demonstrated upon exposure to several irradiation conditions. The protein-loaded depots were incorporated into cell cultures and release of bioactive protein was quantified during the photodegradation process. This phototriggered release allowed for the delivery of TGF-β1 to stimulate PE25 cells and for the delivery of fluorescently labeled Annexin V to assay apoptotic 3T3 fibroblasts during culture. By incorporating these photoresponsive protein delivery depots into cell culture, new types of experiments are now possible to test hypotheses about how individual or multiple soluble factors might affect cell function when presented in a uniform, temporally varying, or gradient manner. 2. The photodegradable composition of claim 1 , wherein one of the others of R claim 1 , RR claim 1 , and Ris a backbone structure comprising one or more repeating units; and the others of R claim 1 , RR claim 1 , and Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen; one or more polymerizable groups claim 1 , one or more reactive end groups; straight chain claim 1 , branched or cyclic C-Calkyl claim 1 , alkenyl claim 1 , alkynyl groups in which one or more of the carbon atoms are optionally substituted with non-hydrogen substituents and wherein one or more C claim 1 , CH or CHmoiety can be replaced with an oxygen atom claim 1 , a nitrogen atom claim 1 , an NR′ group claim 1 , or a S atom; and an ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FLUORINATED COPOLYMER

To provide a process by which from a mixture containing a fluorinated copolymer, an unreacted monomer and a polymerization medium, the unreacted monomer and the polymerization medium can efficiently be recovered. 1. A process for producing a fluorinated copolymer , which comprises the following steps (I) and (II):(I) a step of polymerizing a fluorinated monomer having a carboxylic acid functional group or a sulfonic acid functional group and a fluorinated olefin in a polymerization medium to obtain a mixture containing a fluorinated copolymer, an unreacted monomer and the polymerization medium; and(II) a step of continuously or intermittently transferring the mixture to an evaporation vessel provided with a stirrer and heating it with stirring in the evaporation vessel to evaporate and recover the unreacted monomer and the polymerization medium.2. A process for producing a fluorinated copolymer , which comprises the following steps (I′) and (II′):(I′) a step of polymerizing a fluorinated monomer having a carboxylic acid functional group or a sulfonic acid functional group and a fluorinated olefin to obtain a mixture containing a fluorinated copolymer and an unreacted monomer; and(II′) a step of continuously or intermittently transferring the mixture to an evaporation vessel provided with a stirrer and heating it with stirring in the evaporation vessel to evaporate and recover the unreacted monomer.7. The process for producing a fluorinated copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated olefin is tetrafluoroethylene.8. The process for producing a fluorinated copolymer according to claim 2 , wherein the fluorinated olefin is tetrafluoroethylene.9. The process for producing a fluorinated copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein a stirring blade in the evaporation vessel provided with a stirrer is a helical ribbon blade.10. The process for producing a fluorinated copolymer according to claim 2 , wherein a stirring blade in the evaporation vessel provided with ...

POLYMERIZATION METHOD AND POLYMERS FORMED THEREWITH

Condensation of fluoro-substituted and silyl-substituted monomers provides polymers suitable for use, e.g., as engineering polymers. A monomer composition is condensed in the presence of a basic catalyst. The monomer composition contains a compound of formula F—X—F and a compound of formula (R)Si—Z—Si(R), and forms an alternating X—Z polymer chain and a silyl fluoride byproduct. X has the formula -A(-R-A)n-; each A is SO, C(═O), or Het; Ris an organic moiety; n is 0 or 1; Het is an aromatic nitrogen heterocycle; Z has the formula -L-R-L-; each L is O, S, or N(R); and each Ris an organic moiety, and Rcomprises H or an organic moiety. 1. A polymerization method comprising the step of contacting a liquid monomer composition with a basic catalyst , wherein the monomer composition comprises at least one compound of formula F—X—F and at least one compound of formula (R)Si—Z—Si(R); wherein:{'sup': '1', 'each Rindependently is a hydrocarbyl group;'}{'sup': '2', 'X has the formula -A(-R-A)n-;'}{'sub': '2', 'each A independently is SO, C(═O), or Het;'}{'sup': '2', 'Rcomprises a first organic moiety;'}n is 0 or 1;Het is an aromatic heterocycle comprising at least two carbon atoms and at least one nitrogen atom in a heteroaromatic ring thereof, and when A is Het, the F substituent is attached to a carbon atom of the heteroaromatic ring thereof;{'sup': '3', 'Z has the formula -L-R-L-;'}{'sup': '4', 'each L independently is O, S, or N(R);'}{'sup': '3', 'Rcomprises a second organic moiety;'}{'sup': '4', 'each Rindependently is H or a third organic moiety; and'}{'sup': 1', '1, 'sub': 3', '3, 'wherein the F and (R)Si substituents form a silyl fluoride byproduct of formula (R)Si—F as the respective A and L groups of the monomers condense to form an X—Z polymer chain; and wherein the basic catalyst comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of an amidine, a guanidine, a phosphazene, a nitrogen heterocyclic carbene, and a tertiary alkoxide.'}2. The method of ...

SELF-HEALING CONJUGATED POLYMER, COMPOSITION FOR FORMING SELF-HEALING PHOTOACTIVE LAYER INCLUDING THE CONJUGATED POLYMER AND ORGANIC SOLAR CELL INCLUDING PHOTOACTIVE LAYER FORMED USING THE COMPOSITION

A self-healing conjugated polymer is disclosed. The self-healing conjugated polymer has hydrogen bonding functional groups introduced into its side chains. Due to this structure, the conjugated polymer is imparted with the ability to recover through self-healing while maintaining its inherent properties (for example, physical and electrical properties). Based on this effective self-healing ability, the conjugated polymer is expected to find application as a biomaterial, a pharmaceutical material, a nonlinear optical material or an organic electronic material. 2. The self-healing conjugated polymer according to claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare identical to each other claim 1 , Rrepresents a 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1-ethyl group claim 1 , Rrepresents a fluoro group claim 1 , Rrepresents an ethyl group claim 1 , and Rrepresents a 1 claim 1 ,5-penthylene group.3. The self-healing conjugated polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer has a number average molecular weight (M) of 1 to 100 kg/mol and a polydispersity (PD) (M/M) of 1 to 3.4. The self-healing conjugated polymer according to claim 1 , wherein x is real number satisfying 0.8≤x≤0.9.6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , and Rare identical to each other claim 5 , Rrepresents a 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1-ethyl group claim 5 , Rrepresents a fluoro group claim 5 , Rrepresents an ethyl group claim 5 , and Rrepresents a 1 claim 5 ,5-penthylene group and wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of dimethylformamide claim 5 , dichloromethane claim 5 , chloroform claim 5 , hexane claim 5 , cyclohexane claim 5 , toluene claim 5 , xylene claim 5 , chlorobenzene claim 5 , dichlorobenzene claim 5 , ethylene acetate claim 5 , tetrahydrofuran claim 5 , N-methylpyrrolidinone claim 5 , and mixtures thereof.7. The composition according to claim 5 , further comprising n-type molecules.8. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein ...

ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR COMPOSITIONS

The present invention relates to organic copolymers and organic semiconducting compositions comprising these materials, including layers and devices comprising such organic semiconductor compositions. The invention is also concerned with methods of preparing such organic semiconductor compositions and layers and uses thereof. The invention has application in the field of printed electronics and is particularly useful as a semiconducting material for use in formulations for organic thin film transistor (OFET) backplanes for displays, integrated circuits, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), photodetectors, organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, sensors, memory elements and logic circuits.

Dental Materials Based On Low-Viscosity Radically Polymerizable Monomers With A High Refractive Index

Radically polymerizable, difunctional phenylene sulfide according to Formula I 3. The dental material according to claim 1 , wherein the variables have the following meanings:{'sup': 1', '2, 'R, Rindependently of each other in each case are H or Br,'}{'sup': '3', 'sub': 2', '4, 'Ris dispensed with or is a C-Calkylene radical,'}{'sup': '4', 'sub': 1', '3, 'Ris dispensed with or is a C-Calkylene radical,'}{'sup': '5', 'Ris H,'}a, b, c, d in each case are 0, ande is 1.4. The dental material according to claim 1 , wherein the difunctional phenylene sulfide of Formula I has a viscosity of ≤3 Pa·s claim 1 , measured using a capillary viscometer at a temperature of 23° C.5. The dental material according to claim 4 , wherein the viscosity is in the range of 5 to 2 claim 4 ,000 mPas or 10 to 1 claim 4 ,000 mPa·s claim 4 , measured using a capillary viscometer at a temperature of 23° C.6. The dental material according to claim 1 , wherein the difunctional phenylene sulfide of Formula I has a refractive index of more than 1.57 claim 1 , measured at 20° C. with the light of the yellow Na D line (λ=589 nm).7. The dental material according to claim 6 , wherein the refractive index is in the range of from 1.575 to 1.75 or from 1.58 to 1.72 claim 6 , measured at 20° C. with the light of the yellow Na D line (λ=589 nm).8. The dental material according to claim 1 , which additionally contains at least one initiator for the radical polymerization claim 1 , wherein the initiator comprises a photoinitiator.9. The dental material according to claim 1 , which additionally contains at least one further radically polymerizable monomer claim 1 , wherein the at least one further radically polymerizable monomer comprises at least one mono- or multifunctional (meth)acrylate.10. The dental material according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one mono- or multifunctional (meth)acrylate comprises Bis-GMA claim 9 , UDMA claim 9 , TMX-UDMA claim 9 , DMA claim 9 , TEGDMA claim 9 , CMP-1E claim 9 , ...

POLYMER CONTAINING THIOPHENE-BENZENE-THIOPHENE UNIT, PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR AND SOLAR CELL DEVICE

A polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit has the following formula as (I): 3. The method of preparing a polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit according to claim 2 , wherein the organic solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of toluene claim 2 , N claim 2 , N-dimethylformamide claim 2 , and tetrahydrofuran.4. The method of preparing a polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit according to claim 2 , wherein the organic palladium is selected from the group consisting of bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) dichloride claim 2 , tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium claim 2 , and tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium claim 2 , the organic phosphine ligand is selected from the group consisting of tri-tert-butylphosphine and 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′ claim 2 ,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl; a molar ratio between the organic palladium and the organic phosphine ligand is 1:4 to 1:8.5. The method of preparing a polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit according to claim 2 , wherein a molar ratio between the organic palladium in the catalyst and the compound A is 1:20 to 1:100.6. The method of preparing a polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit according to claim 2 , wherein a reaction temperature of the Suzuki coupling reaction is 70° C. to 130° C. claim 2 , a reaction time is 12 to 96 hours.7. The method of preparing a polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit according to claim 2 , wherein a reaction temperature of the Suzuki coupling reaction is 80° C. to 110° C.8. The method of preparing a polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit according to claim 2 , further comprising:purifying the polymer containing thiophene-benzene-thiophene unit P, wherein the step of purifying comprises the steps of:adding methanol to a reaction solution obtained by the Suzuki coupling reaction of the compound A and the compound B for precipitating and then filtering;extracting a solid obtained from the ...

ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMERS WITH AMIDE-CONTAINING SIDE CHAINS AND METHODS OF FABRICATING SAME AND ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE CONTAINING SAME

The present invention generally relates to electrochromic compounds, the synthesis method and the uses thereof, particularly to a family of conjugated electrochromic polymers containing solubilizing side chains, where at least one side chain contains amide functional groups. The disclosed conjugated electrochromic polymers with amide-containing side chains demonstrated excellent redox switching in not only organic but also aqueous media while maintaining high photo contrast. The presence of the amide groups is also beneficial when it comes to lower the oxidation onset potential of the polymers, making them attractive candidates for electrochromic in aqueous environment. 1. An electrochromic polymer , comprising:a plurality of π-conjugated repeat units with solubilizing side chains, wherein at least one of the side chains contains an amide functional group.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the base includes an alkali metal or a Grignard reagent.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the base includes one or more of NaH claim 11 , KH claim 11 , nBuLi claim 11 , tBuONa claim 11 , tBuOK claim 11 , KCO claim 11 , CsCO claim 11 , or methyl magnesium bromide.13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solvent includes an aprotic solvent.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the solvent includes one or more of chloroform claim 13 , dichloromethane claim 13 , nitromethane claim 13 , acetonitrile or toluene.15. The method of claim 10 , wherein the oxidant includes an iron(III) salt claim 10 , an organic peroxide claim 10 , or an inorganic peroxide.17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the base includes an alkali metal.18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the solvent includes an aprotic solvent.19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the palladium catalyst is selected from one or more of the following compounds: a palladium(II) catalyst claim 16 , a palladium(0) catalyst claim 16 , palladium acetate claim 16 , bis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(II) dichloride claim 16 , tetrakis( ...

POLYMER NANOPARTICLES

A process for the preparation of a polymer nanoparticle by a photoinduced emulsion polymerization includes preparing an emulsion comprising at least one surfactant, a dispersed phase and a continuous phase. The dispersed phase comprises at least one polymerizable monomer and the continuous phase comprises water and at least one photoinitiator. The at least one polymerizable monomer is polymerized by exposing the emulsion to an electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength so as to induce a generation of radicals from the at least one photoinitiator. The at least one photoinitiator is selected from at least one compound of formula (I) 2. The process as recited in claim 1 , wherein in formula (I):n is 1,m is 2,{'sup': '1', 'sub': 1', '18, 'claim-text': [{'sup': 4', '+', '4', '−, 'sub': '2', 'not, once, twice or more than twice interrupted by non-successive functional groups selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NR—, and —N(R)An—,'}, {'sub': 1', '8', '3', '3', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '2', '1', '8, 'sup': 4', '4', '+', '4', '−', '4, 'is not, additionally or alternatively either once, twice or more than twice substituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C-C-alkoxy, hydroxy, —SOM, —COOM, POM, SON(R), —N(R), —N(R)An, —CON(R), and C-C-alkylsulfate,'}], 'Ris C-C-alkyl, which is'}{'sup': '2', 'sub': 6', '14, 'Ris s C-C-aryl,'}whereby{'sup': 4', '4', '+', '4', '−', '+', '4', '−, 'sub': 1', '8', '6', '14', '7', '15', '2', '2', '3, 'Ris independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C-C-alkyl, C-C-aryl, C-C-arylalkyl and heterocyclyl, or N(R)as a whole is an N-containing heterocycle, or N(R)Anand N(R)Anas a whole is or contains a cationic N-containing heterocycle with a counteranion,'}M is hydrogen, lithium, sodium, potassium, one half equivalent of calcium, zinc or iron (II), or one third equivalent of aluminum (III), or is an ammonium ion, or a primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary organic ammonium ion, and{'sup': ...

Preparation Process for Cyclic Conjugated Polymer and Polymerization Catalyst for Cyclic Conjugated Polymer

A preparation process for a cyclic conjugated polymer, includes the steps of deprotonating a monohalogenated cyclic conjugated compound of a 5- to 7-membered ring using a deprotonation catalyst comprising secondary amine represented by RNHR(Rand Rare the same or different and are each a branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms or a phenyl group) and a Grignard reagent represented by RMgX (X is a halogen atom selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine, and Ris a straight-chain or branched alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms) and polymerizing the deprotonated monohalogenated cyclic conjugated compound. 1. A preparation process for a cyclic conjugated polymer , comprising:{'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '3', '3, 'deprotonating a monohalogenated cyclic conjugated compound of a 5- to 7-membered ring using a deprotonation catalyst comprising secondary amine represented by R—NH—R(1) (in the formula (1), Rand Rare the same or different and are each a branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 15 carbon atoms or a phenyl group) and a Grignard reagent represented by R—MgX (2) (in the formula (2), X is a halogen atom selected from chlorine, bromine and iodine, and Ris a straight-chain or branched alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms), and'}polymerizing the deprotonated monohalogenated cyclic conjugated compound.2. The preparation process for a cyclic conjugated polymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the deprotonated monohalogenated cyclic conjugated compound is polymerized in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.3. The preparation process for a cyclic conjugated polymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the monohalogenated cyclic conjugated compound is a monohalogenated carbocyclic conjugated compound or a monohalogenated heterocyclic conjugated compound.4. The preparation process for a cyclic conjugated polymer as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the monohalogenated cyclic conjugated compound has a 5- to 7-membered ring-containing heterocyclic structure and further has an ...

High Refractive Index Compositions and Uses Thereof

Compositions including a combination of (meth)acryloyl-terminated monomers and oligomers prepared by co-reacting reactants having active hydrogen groups with an acrylating agent are disclosed. Polymerizates formed using the combinations of (meth)acryloyl-terminated monomers and oligomers exhibit a high hardness, excellent thermomechanical properties, and a high refractive index. The compositions can be used to fabricate optical components. 2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a is selected from 1 or 2.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the second (meth)acryloyl-terminated monomer comprises a polythiaalkylene moiety.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the polythiaalkylene moiety is a cyclic polythiaalkylene moiety or a branched polythiaalkylene moiety.6. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the polythiaalkylene moiety is a branched polythiaalkylene moiety claim 4 , and the second (meth)acryloyl-terminated monomer comprises from 3 to 6 (meth)acryloyl groups.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the second (meth)acryloyl-terminated monomer comprises at least one (meth)acryloylthio group and at least one (meth)acryloyloxy group.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the second (meth)acryloyl-terminated monomer comprises 2 claim 1 ,5-bis[(meth)acryloylthiomethyl]-1 claim 1 ,4-dithiane claim 1 , 4-(meth)acryloylthiomethyl-3 claim 1 ,6-dithia-1 claim 1 ,8-bis[(meth)acryloylthio]octane claim 1 , 7-(meth)acryloyloxymethyl-3 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,9 claim 1 ,12-tetrathia-1 claim 1 ,14-bis[(meth)acryloylthio]tetradecane claim 1 , 4 claim 1 ,8-bis[(meth)acryloylthiomethyl]-3 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,9-trithia-1 claim 1 ,11-bis[(meth)acryloylthio]undecane and regioisomers thereof such as the 4 claim 1 ,7- and 5 claim 1 ,7-regioisomers claim 1 , 2-ethyl-2-((meth)acryloylthiomethyl)-1 claim 1 ,3-bis[(meth)acryloylthio]propane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3-tris[(meth)acryloylthio]propane claim 1 , or combinations of any of the foregoing.9. The composition of claim 1 , ...

WATER-ABSORBING ELASTOMERIC MATERIAL

This invention relates to a rubbery or elastomeric polymer material taking up more than 5% by weight of water and at most 500% by weight of water after immersion in demineralized water at room temperature for a sufficient time to reach saturation, comprising: (a) repeating units from one or more hydrophobic organic monomers, and (b) repeating units from one or more monomers (a) being modified with one or more hydrophilic side groups. The rubbery or elastomeric polymer material may be in the form of a sheet, a foam, a coating adapted for adhesion to a substrate, or a fiber. This invention also relates to processes, polymerizable compositions, and foaming compositions for producing such rubbery or elastomeric polymer materials. 1. A rubbery or elastomeric polymer material taking up more than 5% by weight of water and up to 500% by weight , of water after immersion in demineralized water at room temperature for a sufficient time to reach saturation , comprising:(a) repeating units from one or more hydrophobic organic monomers,(b) repeating units from one or more monomers (a) being modified with one or more hydrophilic side groups, and(c) a ligand.2. A rubbery or elastomeric polymer material according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic organic monomer (a) is selected from the group consisting of butadiene claim 1 , isoprene claim 1 , dialkylsiloxanes claim 1 , diarylsiloxanes claim 1 , acrylic acid alkyl esters claim 1 , acrylonitrile claim 1 , chloroprene claim 1 , fluorinated ethylene claim 1 , mixtures of ethylene and vinyl acetate claim 1 , mixtures of ethylene and one or more acrylic acid esters claim 1 , and mixtures of ethylene with propylene and a diene.3. A rubbery or elastomeric polymer material according to claim 1 , wherein said hydrophobic organic monomer (a) is a dialkylsiloxane or a diarylsiloxane claim 1 , and wherein the total number of repeating units (a) and repeating units (b) is at least 5 and less than 1 claim 1 ,000.4. A rubbery or elastomeric ...

PROCESS AND CHEMISTRY FOR REDUCING DOLOMITE CONCENTRATIONS IN PHOSPHATE PROCESSING

A magnesium suppressant/flocculant for use in separating dolomite from calcium phosphate. The magnesium suppressant/flocculant may be applied at a mine site prior to subjecting ore fractions to phosphate flotation or at a chemical plant after grinding. 1. A magnesium suppressant/flocculant for use in reducing dolomite concentrations in phosphate processing , where the magnesium suppressant/flocculant is a polymer comprising:a base monomer comprising acrylic acid, acrylamide, or a combination of acrylic acid and acrylamide; anda functional monomer comprising hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, 3-allyloxy-1, 2-propanediol, and/or a derivative thereof.2. The magnesium suppressant/flocculant of where the molecular weight of the polymer is 3 claim 1 ,000 daltons to 30 claim 1 ,000 daltons.3. The magnesium suppressant/flocculant of where the molecular weight of the polymer is 200 claim 1 ,000 daltons to 100 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 ,000 daltons.4. The magnesium suppressant/flocculant of where the charge of the functional monomer is 10% to 30%.5. A method of reducing dolomite concentrations in phosphate processing claim 1 , the method comprising:adding a magnesium suppressant to phosphate-containing fractions;conditioning the fractions with fatty acid; andsubjecting the fractions to a phosphate flotation.6. The method of where the magnesium suppressant is a polymer comprising:a base monomer comprising acrylic acid, acrylamide, or a combination of acrylic acid and acrylamide; anda functional monomer comprising hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, 3-allyloxy-1, 2-propanediol, and/or a derivative thereof.7. The method of where adding the magnesium suppressant to the fractions prevents magnesium within the fractions from interacting with the fatty acid claim 5 , which minimizes the extent to which the magnesium interacts with hydrophobic bubbles during the phosphate flotation.8. The method of further ...

MONODISPERSE MICROSPHERES AND METHOD OF PREPARING SAME

The present invention includes microspheres prepared using step-growth dispersion click chemistry polymerization. In certain embodiments, the click chemistry polymerization comprises thiol-ene polymerization and/or thiol-Michael polymerization. In other embodiments, the microspheres are near-monodisperse and/or monodisperse. In yet other embodiments, the microspheres have a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of −50° C. to 100° C. The present invention further includes a method of making the same. 1. Microspheres comprising a polymer which is prepared using step-growth dispersion click chemistry polymerization.2. The microspheres of claim 1 , wherein the click chemistry polymerization comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of thiol-ene polymerization and thiol-Michael polymerization.3. The microspheres of claim 1 , wherein the microspheres have an average diameter within a range selected from the group consisting of: from 0.5 μm to 100 μm claim 1 , from 1 μm to 50 μm claim 1 , from 0.5 μm to 1 μm; and from 1 μm to 10 μm.4. The microspheres of claim 1 , wherein the microspheres are selected from the group consisting of near-monodisperse and monodisperse.5. The microspheres of claim 1 , which have a glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of −50° C. to 100° C.6. The microspheres of claim 1 , which have a Tg in the range of −24° C. to 16° C.7. The microspheres of claim 1 , which have unreacted functional groups which are functionalizable.8. The microspheres of claim 1 , which are degradable in acidic or basic media.9. The microspheres of claim 1 , which are labeled.10. The microspheres of claim 2 ,wherein the thiol monomer is selected from a group consisting of pentaerythritol tetramercaptopropionate (PETMP); ethylene glycol bis(3-mercaptopropionate) (EGBMP);trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate)(TMPMP); 2,4,6-trioxo-1,3,5-triazina-triy (triethyl-tris (3-mercapto propionate); 1,2-ethanedithiol; 1,3-propanedithiol; 1,4- ...

MICROLATTICE STRUCTURES INCLUDING FLAME RETARDANT MATERIALS AND COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR FORMING THE SAME

A composition for forming a microlattice structure includes a photopolymerizable compound and a flame retardant material. A microlattice structure includes a plurality of struts interconnected at a plurality of nodes, the struts including: a copolymer including a reaction product of a photopolymerizable compound and a flame retardant material. A microlattice structure includes a plurality of struts interconnected at a plurality of nodes, the struts including: a polymer including a reaction product of a photopolymerizable compound; and a flame retardant material. 1. A composition for forming a microlattice structure , comprising:a photopolymerizable compound comprising a first compound and a second compound, the first compound comprising an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond and the second compound comprising a terminal thiol group; anda flame retardant material.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first compound comprising the unsaturated carbon-carbon bond is selected from the group consisting of ethylene claim 1 , substituted olefins claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-dienes claim 1 , styrene claim 1 , α-methyl styrene claim 1 , vinyl esters claim 1 , acrylates claim 1 , methacrylates claim 1 , acrylonitriles claim 1 , acrylamides claim 1 , N-vinyl carbazoles claim 1 , N-vinyl pyrrolidone claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the second compound comprising the terminal thiol group is selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol-tetra-3-mercaptopropionate claim 1 , trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,6-hexanedithiol claim 1 , trimethylolpropane tris(2-mercaptoacetate) claim 1 , ethoxylated trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercaptopropionate) claim 1 , glycol di-3-mercaptopropionate claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first compound comprising the unsaturated carbon-carbon bond is included in the composition in an amount of 10 to 99 wt % claim 1 , and the second compound ...

EMULSION COAGULANT AND TIRE PUNCTURE REPAIR KIT USING SAME

An object of the present invention is to provide an emulsion coagulant capable of quickly coagulating an emulsion in an extremely low temperature environment. The present invention is an emulsion coagulant containing an amphoteric acrylic polymer, the amphoteric acrylic polymer having an amide group and a sulfonic acid group and having a weight average molecular weight of 30,000 or lower, and the emulsion coagulant being used to coagulate an emulsion. The present invention is also a tire puncture repair kit that uses the emulsion coagulant. 1. An emulsion coagulant comprising: an amphoteric acrylic polymer having an amide group and a sulfonic acid group and having a weight average molecular weight of 30 ,000 or lower; the emulsion coagulant being used to coagulate an emulsion.2. The emulsion coagulant according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the amide group to the sulfonic acid group (amide group:sulfonic acid group) is [0.05 or greater but less than 0.3]:[0.95 or less but greater than 0.7].3. The emulsion coagulant according to claim 1 , wherein the amphoteric acrylic polymer is produced by using at least an amide group-containing polymerizable monomer and a sulfonic acid group-containing polymerizable monomer;the amide group-containing polymerizable monomer is acrylamide; andthe sulfonic acid group-containing polymerizable monomer is acrylamide t-butyl sulfonic acid and/or methallylsulfonic acid.4. The emulsion coagulant according to claim 1 , wherein the amphoteric acrylic polymer further has a carboxylic acid group.5. The emulsion coagulant according to claim 4 , wherein a molar ratio of the amide group to a total of the sulfonic acid group and the carboxylic acid group [amide group:(sulfonic acid group+carboxylic acid group)] is [0.05 or greater but less than 0.3]:[0.95 or less but greater than 0.7].6. The emulsion coagulant according to claim 4 , wherein a molar ratio of the carboxylic acid group to the sulfonic acid group (carboxylic acid group: ...

PROCESS TO OBTAIN RANDOM COPOLYMERS DERIVED FROM ITACONIC ACID AND/OR ITS ISOMERS AND SODIUM ALKENYL SULFONATES AND USE OF THE PRODUCT THEREOF

A process for obtaining random copolymers from itaconic acid and/or isomers and sodium alkenyl sultanates is by polymerization in an aqueous solution via free radicals at an acidic pH in the range from 1.0 to 3.5 and with a redox system as initiator. The copolymers can be used as calcium carbonate and calcium, strontium and barium sulfates mineral scale inhibitors and as dispersants of clays, iron oxides, calcium carbonate and strontium, barium and calcium sulfates. Random copolymers prevent and control damage in an oil reservoir, obstruction of water injection and crude oil production pipelines, and in production rigs due to mineral scale precipitation caused by high levels of salinity of the injection water and formation water. Random copolymers are tolerant to high concentrations of divalent ions, such as calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium, and can be added to the reservoir and to injection or production pipelines, treated water, sea water and water that is used as means of transportation. The copolymers can also be used to inhibit and disperse mineral scale occurring in cooling systems and boilers used in the oil and chemistry industry. 2. The copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the sodium alkenyl sulfonates are selected from the group consisting of vinyl sulfonic acid claim 1 , allyl sulfonic acid claim 1 , styrene sulfonic acid claim 1 , 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid claim 1 , and sodium or potassium salts thereof.3. The copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is a random copolymer having a number average molecular weight between 500 and 20 claim 1 ,000 AMU.4. The copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the stoichiometric relationship of itaconic acid and/or isomers with respect to sodium alkenyl sulfonates ranges between 1 to 9 and 9 to 1.5. The copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein said copolymer has a polydispersibility of 1 to 1.4.6. A mineral scale inhibiting composition for inhibiting scale formation on a ...

SCALE-INHIBITING POLYMERS AND METHODS FOR PREVENTING SCALE FORMATION

Scale-inhibiting polymers, compositions comprising the scale-inhibiting polymers and methods for preventing scale formation in circulating fluid are provided. The scale-inhibiting polymers comprise two or more recurring monomers wherein in at least one recurring monomer is an allyl-sulfonate-containing monomer, and at least one recurring monomer is a styrene-sulfonate-containing monomer. The polymers, compositions and methods may be used in industrial processes including metal extraction from mineral ores. 1. A scale-inhibiting polymer comprising two or more recurring monomers wherein at least one recurring monomer is an allyl sulfonate-containing monomer and at least one recurring monomer is a styrene sulfonate-containing monomer.2. The scale-inhibiting polymer of claim 1 , wherein the allyl sulfonate-containing monomer is sodium allyl sulfonate.3. The scale-inhibiting polymer of claim 1 , wherein the styrene sulfonate-containing monomer is sodium styrene sulfonate.4. The scale inhibiting polymer of claim 1 , wherein the scale-inhibiting polymer comprises three or more recurring monomers.5. The scale inhibiting polymer of claim 4 , wherein at least one recurring monomer is selected from the group consisting of maleic acid claim 4 , itaconic acid claim 4 , acrylamide claim 4 , acrylic acid claim 4 , methacrylic acid claim 4 , polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate claim 4 , maleic anhydride claim 4 , t-butyl acrylamide claim 4 , hydroxy propyl acrylate claim 4 , hydroxy ethyl methacrylate claim 4 , hydroxy propyl methacrylate claim 4 , and vinyl phosphonic acid.6. The scale-inhibiting polymer of claim 5 , wherein at least one recurring monomer is acrylamide.7. The scale-inhibiting polymer of claim 5 , wherein at least one recurring monomer is maleic acid.8. The scale-inhibiting polymer of claim 1 , wherein the scale-inhibiting polymer is a copolymer of sodium allyl sulfonate and sodium styrene sulfonate.9. The scale-inhibiting polymer of claim 1 , wherein the scale- ...

METHOD OF SYNTHESIS FOR ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTING POLYMERS

A method of forming a polymer, the method comprising combining 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-alkyl thiophen-2-yl)-5-chloro-6-fluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, (3,3′-difluoro-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5,5′-diyl)bis(trimethylstannane), and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(trimethylstannane), Pd2dba3 and P(o-tol)3 to form the polymer: This application is a non-provisional application or continuation-in-part application which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/892,415 filed Aug. 27, 2019, titled “Method of Synthesis for Organic Semiconducting Polymers,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.None.This invention relates methods of synthesis of organic semiconducting polymers.Solar energy using photovoltaics requires active semiconducting materials to convert light into electricity. Currently, solar cells based on silicon are the dominating technology due to their high power conversion efficiency. Recently, solar cells based on organic materials showed interesting features, especially on the potential of low cost in materials and processing.Organic photovoltaic cells have many potential advantages when compared to traditional silicon-based devices. Organic photovoltaic cells are light weight, economical in the materials used, and can be deposited on low cost substrates, such as flexible plastic foils. However, organic photovoltaic devices typically have relatively low power conversion efficiency (the ratio of incident photons to energy generated).There exists a need for a polymer to create organic photovoltaic cells that has high power conversion efficiency while maintaining open-circuitry voltage short-circuit current density, and fill factor.A method of forming a polymer, the method comprising combining 4,7-bis(5-bromo-4-alkyl thiophen-2-yl)-5-chloro-6-fluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole, (3,3′-difluoro-[2,2′-bithiophene]-5,5′-diyl)bis(trimethylstannane), and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis( ...

SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE HAVING SUB-NANO SCALE ORDERING

An organic crystalline composition is provided. The organic crystalline composition includes a main material having π-conjugated back bone and a functional group containing an atom having an unshared electron pair, and a linking material combining with the adjacent main material at the functional group by quaternization, organic material-metal interaction, ionic bonding, or hydrogen bonding. 1. An organic crystalline composition , comprising:a main material comprising a π-conjugated back bone and a functional group, wherein the functional group has an atom with an unshared electron pair; anda linking material, wherein the linking material associates with the functional group of the main material by quaternization, organic material-metal interaction, ionic bonding, or hydrogen bonding.2. The organic crystalline composition according to claim 1 , wherein the atom having an unshared electron pair is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen(N) claim 1 , phosphorus(P) claim 1 , oxygen(O) claim 1 , sulfur(S) claim 1 , and selenium(Se).3. The organic crystalline composition according to claim 2 , wherein the functional group of the main material is selected from a group consisting of an amine claim 2 , aniline claim 2 , indolinone claim 2 , carbazole claim 2 , pyridine claim 2 , pyrrole and thiophene.4. The organic crystalline composition according to claim 2 , wherein the functional group is selected from the group consisting of a pyridine claim 2 , pyrazine claim 2 , pyridazine claim 2 , pyrimidine claim 2 , triazine claim 2 , tetrazine claim 2 , oxazine claim 2 , thiazine claim 2 , selenazine claim 2 , pyrrole claim 2 , pyrazole claim 2 , imidazole claim 2 , dihydrothiazole claim 2 , dihydrooxazole claim 2 , dihydroselenazole claim 2 , triazole claim 2 , dihydrooxadiazole claim 2 , dihydrothiadiazole claim 2 , dihydroselenadiazole claim 2 , thiophene claim 2 , isothiazole claim 2 , thiazole claim 2 , dithiole claim 2 , oxathiole claim 2 , thiaselenaole claim 2 , ...

CURABLE COMPOSITION

The present invention relates to a curable composition which can be cured by radiation and/or the influence of temperature; a cured product which is obtained from such a composition; an object and a composite which have the cured composition; and a method for producing the same. The cured composition has a high refractive index. 2. A curable composition as in claim 1 , comprising the following quantities of compounds (1) claim 1 , (2) as well as (3) and/or (4):Compound (1): 64 to 89 wt %Compound (2): 9 to 28 wt %Compound (3) and/or (4): 2 to 8 wt %.3. A curable composition as in claim 1 , where Ris —R—S-naphthyl claim 1 , —CHor phenyl.4. A curable composition as in claim 1 , where Ris a group having the formula —CHCH— or —CHCHCH—.5. A curable composition as in claim 1 , where Ris a group having the formula —CH—CH(OH)—CH—.6. A curable composition as in claim 1 , where Ris methyl.7. Curable A curable composition as in claim 1 , comprising a photoinitiator selected from a hydroxy ketone claim 1 , a monoacyl phosphine claim 1 , a bisacyl phosphine or a benzoyl derivative or a mixture of one or several thereof.8. A curable composition as in claim 1 , where the photoinitiator is selected from 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl ketone claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,6-trimethylbenzoylbisphenylphosphine oxide claim 1 , bis(2 claim 1 ,4 claim 1 ,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphine oxide claim 1 , 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropane-2-one claim 1 , benzophenone or a mixture of one or several thereof.9. A curable composition as in claim 1 , comprising a light-stabilization agent selected from bis(1-octyloxy-2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate claim 1 , hydroxyphenylbenzotriazole claim 1 , 2-hydroxy-benzophenone and/or 2-hydroxyphenyltriazine.10. A curable composition as in claim 1 , comprising a thermally splittable initiator from the group of catalysts known in atom transfer radical techniques or from peroxide compounds.11. A cured product obtained by ...

SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS PREPARED FROM DITHIENYLVINYLENE COPOLYMERS

Disclosed herein are new semiconductor materials prepared from dithienylvinylene copolymers with aromatic or heteroaromatic π-conjugated systems. Such copolymers, with little or no post-deposition heat treatment, can exhibit high charge carrier mobility and/or good current modulation characteristics. In addition, the polymers of the present disclosure can possess certain processing advantages such as improved solution-processability and low annealing temperature. 6. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein n is an integer between 2 and 5000.7. A composition claim 1 , comprising one or more polymers of dissolved or dispersed in a liquid medium.8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the liquid medium comprises water or an organic solvent.9. The composition of claim 7 , further comprising one or more additives.10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the additives are independently selected from the group consisting of viscosity modulators claim 9 , detergents claim 9 , dispersants claim 9 , binding agents claim 9 , compatiblizing agents claim 9 , curing agents claim 9 , initiators claim 9 , humectants claim 9 , antifoaming agents claim 9 , wetting agents claim 9 , pH modifiers claim 9 , biocides claim 9 , and bactereriostats.11. A thin film semiconductor claim 1 , comprising one or more polymers of .12. A field effect transistor device claim 11 , comprising the thin film semiconductor of .13. The field effect transistor device of claim 12 , wherein the field effect transistor has a structure selected from top-gate bottom-contact structure claim 12 , bottom-gate top-contact structure claim 12 , top-gate top-contact structure claim 12 , and bottom-gate bottom-contact structure.14. A photovoltaic device claim 11 , comprising the thin film semiconductor of .15. An organic light emitting device claim 11 , comprising the thin film semiconductor of . This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/140,595, which was filed on Jun. 17, 2011. U.S. ...

ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMER, FABRICATING METHOD AND COMPONENT COMPRISING THE SAME

An electrochromic polymer having formula (1), a method for fabricating the same, and a component comprising the same are disclosed. A device fabricated from the electrochromic polymer is capable of varying between purple and transparent and has advantages of easy fabrication, wide viewing angle, rich colors, high contrast, low driving voltage, and reduced response time. The device can realize storage without power consumption, and can be applied to the field of electrochromic display device. 2. The electrochromic polymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris a linear chain or side chain alkyl containing 4-15 carbon atoms.3. The electrochromic polymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris a linear chain or side chain alkyl containing 6-10 carbon atoms claim 1 , and n is an integer between 20 and 70.4. The electrochromic polymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris 2-ethylhexyl claim 1 , and n is an integer in between 40 and 70.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein Ris a linear chain or side chain alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein Haland Halare selected independently from Cl and Br.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the alkyl in the alkyl tin halide is a linear chain or side chain alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms.9. The method of claim 5 , wherein in step i) claim 5 , the compound having formula (2) reacts with the compound having formula (3) in a solvent selected from a group of methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene at temperature of about 100-140° C. for a duration of about 5-24 hours claim 5 , and p-toluenesulfonic acid is used as a catalyst.10. The method of claim 5 , wherein in step ii) claim 5 , the compound having formula (4) reacts with the compound having formula R—OH in a solvent selected from a group of N claim 5 ,N-dimethylformamide and N claim 5 ,N-dimethylacetamide claim 5 , at temperature of about 80˜120° C. for a duration of about 12˜48 hours.11. The method of claim 5 , wherein in step iii) claim 5 , the compound having formula (5) reacts with an alkyl tin ...

FUSED THIOPHENE-ARYLTHIADIAZOLE POLYMERS, METHODS OF MAKING SUCH POLYMERS, AND USES THEREOF

Described herein are compositions including heterocyclic organic compounds. More specifically, described herein are bicyclic thiadiazole-based compounds that are combined with fused thiophenes structures, along with methods for making such compounds, and uses thereof. 3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein each Ris hydrogen; p is an integer of 3 or more; and r and q are integers of 4 or more.4. The compound of claim 3 , wherein p is an integer of 6-8 and r and q are integers from 7-15.5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , or R is an optionally substituted claim 1 , branched or unbranched alkyl or interrupted alkyl group.6. The compound of claim 4 , wherein at least one of R claim 4 , or R is an optionally substituted claim 4 , branched or unbranched alkyl group.8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each Z is S.9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein A and B are independently —C—H or N.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein each Ris hydrogen; p is an integer of 3 or more; and r and q are integers of 4 or more.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein p is an integer of 6-8 and r and q are integers from 7-15.16. The method of claim 12 , wherein at least one of R claim 12 , R claim 12 , R claim 12 , or Ris an optionally substituted claim 12 , branched or unbranched alkyl or interrupted alkyl group.17. The method of claim 16 , wherein at least one of R claim 16 , or Ris an optionally substituted claim 16 , branched or unbranched alkyl group.19. The method of claim 12 , wherein each Z is S.20. The method of claim 12 , wherein A and B are independently —C—H or N.23. The method of claim 12 , wherein the reaction occurs in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.24. The method of claim 12 , wherein the reaction occurs via a Stille-type reaction. This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/395,478, filed on Sep. 16, 2016, the content of which is relied upon and ...

SYNTHESIS OF CHALOGEN-CAPPED PI-CONJUGATED POLYMERS

Methods for the preparation of mono- and bis-end-functionalized π-conjugated polymers. In the methods, chalcogens are selectively installed at the polymer terminus or termini. 1. A method for mono-end-functionalizing a poly(arylene) with a chalcogen , comprising:polymerizing an aryl monomer by reaction with a Grignard reagent and an aryl nickel catalyst to provide an aryl nickel complex-terminated poly(arylene); andtreating the aryl nickel complex-terminated poly(arylene) with a chalcogenating agent followed by treatment with an acid to provide a mono-chalcogen-end-functionalized poly(arylene).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aryl monomer is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted thiophenes claim 1 , substituted and unsubstituted fluorenes claim 1 , substituted and unsubstituted phenylenes claim 1 , substituted and unsubstituted pyridines claim 1 , and substituted and unsubstituted pyrroles.3. A method for mono-end-functionalizing poly(3-hexylthiophene) with a chalcogen claim 1 , comprising:polymerizing a 3-hexylthiophene monomer by reaction with a Grignard reagent and an aryl nickel catalyst to provide an aryl nickel complex-terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene); andtreating the aryl nickel complex-terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene) with a chalcogenating agent followed by treatment with an acid to provide a mono-chalcogen-end-functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein chalcogenating agent is elemental sulfur.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein chalcogenating agent is selenium.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein chalcogenating agent is carbon disulfide.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the aryl nickel complex-terminated poly(3-hexylthiophene) is treated with a chalcogenating agent and a base.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the base is a nitrogen base.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the base is 1 claim 7 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene.10. The method of claim 3 , wherein the chalcogenating agent is in ...

CURABLE COMPOSITION AND CURED ARTICLE

Provided are: a curable composition from which a cured article having excellent molding processability and high heat resistance as well as such a high Tg that it can be used as a molding resin for a SiC power semiconductor can be obtained; and a cured article thereof. The curable composition comprises: 100 parts by mass of a compound having at least two partial structures represented by the following Formula (1) in the molecule as a component (A); 0.5 to 3 parts by mass of a thermal radical generator as a component (B); and 0 to 50 parts by mass of other radical-reactive compound as a component (C): 3. The curable composition according to claim 1 , which further comprises a filler as a component (D).4. A tablet for transfer molding claim 1 , which is composed of the curable composition according to .5. A cured article claim 1 , which is obtained by curing the curable composition according to .6. A semiconductor element claim 1 , which is obtained by molding a cured article of the curable composition according to .7. The curable composition according to claim 2 , which further comprises a filler as a component (D).8. A tablet for transfer molding claim 2 , which is composed of the curable composition according to .9. A tablet for transfer molding claim 3 , which is composed of the curable composition according to .10. A cured article claim 2 , which is obtained by curing the curable composition according to .11. A cured article claim 3 , which is obtained by curing the curable composition according to .12. A semiconductor element claim 2 , which is obtained by molding a cured article of the curable composition according to .13. A semiconductor element claim 3 , which is obtained by molding a cured article of the curable composition according to .14. A tablet for transfer molding claim 7 , which is composed of the curable composition according to .15. A cured article claim 7 , which is obtained by curing the curable composition according to .16. A semiconductor ...

POROUS POLYMERIC RESINS

Porous polymeric resins, reaction mixtures and methods that can be used to prepare the porous polymeric resins, and uses of the porous polymeric resin are described. More specifically, the polymeric resins typically have a hierarchical porous structure plus reactive groups that can be used to interact with or react with a variety of different target compounds. The reactive groups can be selected from an acidic group or a salt thereof, an amino group or salt thereof, a hydroxyl group, an azlactone group, a glycidyl group, or a combination thereof. 2. The porous polymeric resin of claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric resin is a porous polymeric bead.3. The porous polymeric resin of claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric resin is a monolith.4. The porous polymeric resin of claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric resin has an acidic group or a salt thereof and wherein the polymeric porous resin is a cation exchange resin.5. The porous polymeric resin of claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric resin has an amino group or a salt thereof claim 1 , the polymeric porous resin being an anion exchange resin.6. The porous polymeric resin of claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric resin has a hydroxyl group claim 1 , the polymeric porous resin being a size exclusion resin.7. A modified polymeric resin comprising the reaction product of a modifying agent and the porous polymeric resin of claim 1 , wherein the modifying agent reacts with the first functional group to covalently attach the modifying agent to the porous polymeric resin.8. The modified polymeric resin of claim 7 , wherein the modifying agent is a biomolecule.9. The modified polymeric resin of claim 8 , wherein the biomolecule is a protein claim 8 , virus claim 8 , vaccine claim 8 , antibody claim 8 , enzyme claim 8 , nucleic acid claim 8 , DNA claim 8 , or RNA.10. The modified polymeric resin of claim 7 , wherein the porous polymeric resin has a first functional group that is a hydroxyl and the modifying agent has a ...

CONJUGATED POLYMER COMPOUND

A conjugated polymer compound is disclosed. The conjugated polymer compound includes a conjugated polymeric main chain; and a porphyrin compound having absorption in a blue light region of solar radiation, and is bonded to the polymeric main chain to form a side chain on the polymeric main chain. 2. The conjugated polymer compound according to claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated Cheteroaromatic ring further includes N.5. The conjugated polymer compound according to claim 4 , wherein R is one selected from a group consisting of a hydrogen claim 4 , a straight-chain saturated Calkyl group claim 4 , a branched-chain saturated Calkyl group claim 4 , and a Caryl group; and U is one selected from a group consisting of OR claim 4 , chlorine claim 4 , bromine claim 4 , and iodine.7. The conjugated polymer compound according to claim 6 , wherein{'sub': '1', 'Gis one of π and A;'}{'sub': '2', 'Gis one of π and D;'}{'sub': 1-30', '6-16, 'R is one of hydrogen, a straight-chain saturated Calkyl group and a Caryl group;'}{'sub': 1-3', '2', '2', '2', '2', '1-30', '6-16, 'each of X and Xis one selected from a group consisting of O, S, Se, Te, NQ, CQ, SiQ, GeQand SnQ, wherein Q is one of hydrogen, a straight-chain saturated Calkyl group and a Caryl group; and'}{'sub': 1-12', '1-30', '1-30', '1-30', '1-30', '1-30', '1-30', '1-30', '1-30', '1-30', '1-30, 'each of Y and Yis one selected from a group consisting of a hydrogen, a halogen, an alkyl halide, a cyano, a straight-chain saturated Calkyl group, a branched-chain saturated Calkyl group, a straight-chain saturated Calkoxy group, a branched-chain saturated Calkoxy group, a straight-chain saturated Calkylthio group, a branched-chain saturated Calkylthio group, a straight-chain saturated Cester group, a branched-chain saturated Cester group, a straight-chain saturated Cacetyl group, and a branched-chain saturated Cacetyl group.'}8. The conjugated polymer compound according to claim 7 , whereinthe halogen is one of fluorine and chlorine; ...

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT MULTIVALENT CATION-CONTAINING ACRYLATE POLYMERS

Low molecular weight polymers useful in aggregating mineral components in aqueous mineral slurries to release and separate individual components of the slurry, which may then be recovered from the slurry. 1. A polymer selected from the group consisting of water-soluble multivalent cation-containing acrylate copolymers wherein the polymer has an intrinsic viscosity of less than 5 dl/gm (measured in 1 M NaCl at 25 degrees C.).2. The polymer of wherein the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer is at least 3 dl/gm (measured in 1 M NaCl at 25 degrees C.).3. The polymer of wherein the polymer is substantially free of monovalent cations.4. The polymer of wherein the multivalent cations are selected from the group consisting of calcium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , iron claim 1 , and aluminum.5. The polymer of wherein only a single species of multivalent cation is present in the polymer.6. The polymer of wherein the polymer is a calcium- or magnesium-containing diacrylate copolymer with acrylamide.7. The polymer of wherein the polymer is a diacrylate/acrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) terpolymer.8. The polymer of wherein said polymer has a calcium diacrylate content of at least 5 mole %.9. The polymer of wherein the polymer is branched.10. The polymer of wherein the branched polymer is prepared by reacting monomers comprising a source of multivalent cations claim 9 , a source of acrylate claim 9 , a monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylamide and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) claim 9 , and a cross-linking agent.11. The polymer of wherein the monomers further comprise acrylamide.12. The polymer of wherein the monomers further comprise 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS).13. The polymer of wherein the cross-linking agent is present in an amount in the range of 0.1 ppm to 5 ppm based on the total weight of said monomers.14. The polymer of wherein the polymer is prepared by reacting monomers comprising a ...

Temperature-sensitive fluorescent probe for introduction into cell

There is provided a method for introducing a temperature-sensitive probe comprising a copolymer, which comprises a thermoresponsive unit and a fluorescent unit, into a cell, and the method using the copolymer further comprising a cationic unit as the temperature-sensitive probe, and the method comprising the step of mixing the copolymer with the cell in a solvent. The copolymer can be preferably used as a fluorescence temperature sensor which measures intracellular temperature since the copolymer has a cationic group and thus enters into a cell without using a special method.

METHOD OF PURIFYING CONJUGATED POLYMERS

A method of first dissolving a conjugated polymer in a fluid followed by adding an agent to the fluid and evaporating the fluid to produce a solid sample. The solid sample is then ground to produce a fragmented solid sample. This is followed by performing solvent extraction on the fragmented solid sample at elevated temperature and pressure to produce a purified conjugated polymer in a solvent. 1. A method comprising:dissolving a conjugated polymer in a fluid;adding an agent to the fluid and evaporating the fluid to produce a solid sample;grinding the solid sample to produce a fragmented solid sample; andperforming a solvent extraction on the fragmented solid sample to produce a purified conjugated polymer in a solvent.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluid is selected from the group consisting of chloroform claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , hexanes chlorobenzene claim 1 , xylenes claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the purified conjugated polymer is used as either an active layer of organic solar cells claim 1 , organic field effect transistors claim 1 , PLEDs or conjugated polymer based sensors.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent extraction is done at an elevated temperature and an elevated pressure.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the elevated pressure is greater than 1600 psi.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the elevated temperature is greater than 90° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is diatomaceous earth claim 1 , silica gel claim 1 , or sand.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fragmented solid samples have an average size between 1 μm to 500 μm.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent extraction is at least a two stage solvent extraction.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein each stage uses a different solvent.11. The method of claim 9 , the solvent is selected from the group consisting of ...

Ionic and Electronic Conducting Binder for Electrochemical Devices

An ion conducting and electron conducting polymer is comprised of a first polymer of a single-sulfonic acid polymer or a multi-sulfonic acid polymer and a second polymer of an EDOT analog monomer having the following formula: 4. The PEDOT: multi-lithium sulfonate polymer of claim 1 , wherein when the branch Rof the single-sulfonic acid polymer or the multi-sulfonic acid polymer includes —NH— claim 1 , the branch Rof the PEDOT: multi-lithium sulfonate polymer includes —NLi—.10. An electrode for an electrochemical device comprising the PEDOT: multi-lithium sulfonate polymer of .11. The PEDOT: multi-lithium sulfonate polymer of claim 1 , made by:polymerizing an EDOT analog to form a PEDOT analog polymer;reacting the PEDOT analog polymer with the single-sulfonic acid polymer or the multi-sulfonic acid polymer, wherein a weight ratio of single-sulfonic acid polymer to PEDOT analog polymer is greater than 1.0 and a weight ratio of multi-sulfonic acid polymer to PEDOT analog polymer is greater than or equal to 1.0;ion-exchanging remaining sulfonic acid sites with LiCl or LiOH to produce the PEDOT: multi-lithium sulfonate polymer that is both ion and electron conducting.12. The PEDOT: multi-lithium sulfonate polymer of claim 4 , made by:polymerizing the single-sulfonic acid polymer or the multi-sulfonic acid polymer with the EDOT monomer analog; andion-exchanging remaining sulfonic acid sites and —NH— with LiCl or LiOH to produce the PEDOT: multi-lithium sulfonate polymer that is both ion and electron conducting.15. The ion conducting and electron conducting polymer of claim 13 , wherein when a branch first polymer includes —NH— claim 13 , the —NH— in the branch are converted to —NLi— in the ion conducting and electron conducting polymer.17. A method of making a PEDOT : multi-lithium sulfonate polymer claim 13 , comprising:polymerizing an EDOT analog monomer to form a PEDOT analog polymer;reacting the PEDOT analog polymer with a single-sulfonic acid polymer or a multi- ...

CONJUGATED POLYMER FOR ORGANIC SOLAR CELL AND ORGANIC SOLAR CELL INCLUDING THE SAME

Disclosed is a conjugated polymer for an organic solar cell. The proportion of units containing no alkyl thiophene moieties in the conjugated polymer can vary to make the conjugated polymer suitable for use as an electron-donating organic semiconductor material in a small-area or large-area organic solar cell. Therefore, the use of the conjugated polymer ensures high energy conversion efficiency of the organic solar cell. 2. The conjugated polymer according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in Formula I claim 1 , Rand Rare identical to or different from each other and are each independently a C-Cbranched alkyl group claim 1 , and Rand Rare identical to or different from each other and are each independently H or F.3. The conjugated polymer according to claim 2 , wherein Rand Rin Formula I are symmetric to each other claim 2 , have the same structure claim 2 , and are C-Cbranched alkyl groups.4. The conjugated polymer according to claim 3 , wherein both Rand RI are H.5. The conjugated polymer according to claim 3 , wherein n is 0.1. This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2017-0152163 filed on Nov. 15, 2017 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.The present invention relates to a conjugated polymer for an organic solar cell, and more specifically to a conjugated polymer for an organic solar cell whose degree of aggregation in a solution is precisely controlled by the introduction of units containing no alkyl thiophene moieties, allowing the organic solar cell to have high efficiency and performance even when applied to a large-area process as well as a small-area process. The present invention also relates to an organic solar cell with improved energy conversion efficiency including the conjugated polymer.Solar cells are photovoltaic devices that convert solar energy into electrical energy. Solar cells have received attention as next- ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING (METH)ACRYLAMIDE POLYMER PAPERMAKING ADDITIVE AND (METH)ACRYLAMIDE POLYMER PAPERMAKING ADDITIVE

In a method for producing a (meth)acrylamide polymer papermaking additive obtaining a (meth)acrylamide polymer by obtaining a first polymer by polymerizing a first polymerization component containing a (meth)acrylamide and polymerizing a second polymerization component containing a tertiary amino monomer under the presence of the first polymer, the first polymerization component and/or the second polymerization component contain(s) a (meth)allyl sulfonate, a ratio of the tertiary amino monomer in the first polymerization component with respect to 100 mol of the (meth)acrylamide in the first polymerization component is 0.1 mol or less, and a ratio of the (meth)acrylamide in the second polymerization component with respect to 100 mol of the tertiary amino monomer in the second polymerization component is 1.0 mol or less. 1. A method for producing a (meth)acrylamide polymer papermaking additive by polymerizing a polymerization component containing a (meth)acrylamide , a tertiary amino monomer , and a (meth)allyl sulfonate comprising:a first polymerization step of obtaining a first polymer by polymerizing a first polymerization component containing the (meth)acrylamide anda second polymerization step of obtaining a (meth)acrylamide polymer by polymerizing a second polymerization component containing the tertiary amino monomer under the presence of the first polymer obtained in the first polymerization step, whereinthe first polymerization component and/or the second polymerization component contain(s) the (meth)allyl sulfonate,a ratio of the tertiary amino monomer in the first polymerization component with respect to 100 mol of the (meth)acrylamide in the first polymerization component is 0.1 mol or less, anda ratio of the (meth)acrylamide in the second polymerization component with respect to 100 mol of the tertiary amino monomer in the second polymerization component is 1.0 mol or less.2. The method for producing a (meth)acrylamide polymer papermaking additive ...

CONJUGATED POLYMER AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present invention discloses a conjugated polymer, which is a random copolymer, and with Formula I: 4. The conjugated polymer of the claim 1 , wherein an optical energy gap of the conjugated polymer is in a range from 1.85 to 2.5 eV.5. The conjugated polymer of the claim 1 , wherein at least one of the conditions of A1≠A2 and D1≠D2 is established.6. The conjugated polymer of the claim 1 , wherein A1≠A2 and D1=D2.7. An organic photovoltaic device comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'an active layer material disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the active layer material comprises a non-fullerene acceptor and a donor, and the donor is the conjugated polymer of the .'}8. The organic photovoltaic device of the claim 7 , wherein an optical energy gap of the non-fullerene acceptor is less than or equal to 1.7 eV.9. The organic photovoltaic device of the claim 7 , wherein an optical energy gap of the donor is in a range from 1.85 to 2.5 eV. The present application is based on, and claims priority from, U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/752,791, filed on Oct. 30, 2018, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.The present invention relates to a novel conjugated polymer, a preparation process and application thereof, and in particular, to an organic photovoltaic device made from the said conjugated polymer.Compared to existing silicon solar cells, organic photovoltaic devices have the advantages of lower cost, flexibility, lower toxicity, and large area production. These advantages enhance the competitive advantage of organic photovoltaic devices (also known as macromolecule solar cells or polymer solar cells) in the solar field, thereby addressing the energy and environmental crisis.Improvements in active layer materials play an important role in high efficiency polymer solar cells. The active layer materials are divided ...

POLYMERIZABLE THIOXANTHONES

A polymerizable thioxanthone according to Formula (I): 115-. (canceled)17. The polymerizable thioxanthone according to claim 16 , wherein A represents a thioxanthone moiety substituted in a 1-position by a halogen claim 16 , an alkyl group claim 16 , or an alkoxy group.19. The polymerizable thioxanthone according to claim 18 , wherein X represents a fluor.20. The polymerizable thioxanthone according to claim 16 , wherein R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.21. The polymerizable thioxanthone according to claim 20 , wherein R1 and R2 are both hydrogen.22. The polymerizable thioxanthone according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one free radical polymerizable group is selected from the group consisting of an acrylate and a methacrylate.23. The polymerizable thioxanthone according to claim 16 , wherein the moiety R3 includes two or three free radical polymerizable groups.24. The polymerizable thioxanthone according to claim 23 , wherein the two or three free radical polymerizable groups are independently selected from the group consisting of an acrylate and a methacrylate.25. The polymerizable thioxanthone according to claim 16 , wherein n is equal to 1.26. The polymerizable thioxanthone according to claim 18 , wherein n is equal to 1.27. A radiation curable composition including the polymerizable thioxanthone according to .28. A radiation curable composition including the polymerizable thioxanthone according to .30. The radiation curable composition according to claim 27 , wherein the radiation curable composition is an inkjet ink having a viscosity smaller than 15 mPa·s at 40° C. and at a shear rate of 1 claim 27 ,000 s.31. A substrate including a cured layer of the radiation curable composition according to .32. A method of inkjet printing claim 27 , the method including the step of:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00027', 'claim 27'}, 'jetting the radiation curable composition of ...

POLY(THIOAMINAL) PROBE BASED LITHOGRAPHY

Methods and materials for patterning a substrate are disclosed herein. A poly(thioaminal) material may be utilized as a thermal resist material for patterning substrates in a thermal scanning probe lithography process. The poly(thioaminal) material may be functionalized with an electron withdrawing group and various monomers may be volatilized upon exposure to a thermal scanning probe. 116-. (canceled)17. A thermal resist material , comprising:a poly(thioaminal) thermal resist material having a C—N(R′)—C—S—R—S repeating group or an S—C—NH—R—NH—C repeating group, wherein each instance of R is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, and oligomer, and wherein R′ is an electron withdrawing group.18. The material of claim 17 , wherein R′ is selected from the group consisting of CnFn+1 claim 17 , CnFn−1 claim 17 , C6H4X claim 17 , and heterocyclyl thereof claim 17 , and wherein X is selected from the group consisting of Br claim 17 , Cl claim 17 , NO2 claim 17 , CF3 claim 17 , F claim 17 , CO2Me claim 17 , CO2H claim 17 , CN claim 17 , and combinations thereof.19. The material of claim 17 , wherein each instance of R is selected to tune a glass transition temperature of the poly(thioaminal) thermal resist material.20. The material of claim 17 , wherein R is a functional group selected from the group consisting of alkyl claim 17 , aryl claim 17 , ether claim 17 , siloxane claim 17 , styrene claim 17 , carbonate claim 17 , lactide claim 17 , methacrylate claim 17 , acrylate claim 17 , polyolefin claim 17 , polyester claim 17 , polyamide claim 17 , polyamino claim 17 , and combinations thereof.21. The material of claim 17 , wherein each instance of R is an dithioerythritol adduct.22. The material of claim 17 , wherein each instance of R includes a hydroxyl substituent.23. The material of claim 17 , wherein each instance of R is selected so the poly(thioaminal) thermal resist material has a softening point between about 40° C. and about 50° C. ...

Cross-Linkable Monomers and Polymers and the Use Thereof

The invention relates to novel cross-linkable monomers that may be polymerized with ethylenically unsaturated comonomers to form cross-linkable copolymers. Said copolymers may particularly be used in the form of aqueous dispersions as formaldehyde-free adhesives or as coatings with good water resistance. The cross-linkable monomer is a compound in acid or salt form comprising an anion of the formula (I) and one or more cations for producing electrical neutrality, where R 1 and R 2 represent, independently of one another, hydrogen alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, —COOR 5 , —COO − cat + or —CON(R 6 R 7 ), R 6 and R 7 represent, independently of one another, hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl, cat 4 represents a monovalent cation, and one of the groups R 1 or R 2 may also represent a group —X—R 4 —CR 5 (OH)(SO 3 —), wherein X, R 4 , and R 5 assume one of the meanings listed below, R 3 represents hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl, X is selected from the group of direct C—C bond, —O—, —CH 2 —O—, —CH 2 —NR 8 —, —COO— or —CONR 8 —, R 8 represents hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl, R 4 represents alkylene, polyoxyalkylene, cycloalkylene, or arylene, and R 5 represents hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl.

SULFONE-CONTAINING POLYTHIOETHERS, COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, AND METHODS OF SYNTHESIS

Sulfone-containing polythioethers, compositions containing sulfone-containing polythioethers, methods of synthesizing sulfone-containing polythioethers and the use of sulfone-containing polythioethers in aerospace sealant applications are disclosed. The sulfone-containing polythioethers have sulfone groups incorporated into the backbone of the polythioether. Cured sealant compositions comprising the sulfone-containing polythioethers exhibit enhanced thermal resistance. 2. The polythioether of claim 1 , wherein the polythioether comprises a sulfone-containing polythioether adduct of Formula (3) claim 1 , a sulfone-containing polythioether adduct of Formula (3a) claim 1 , or a combination thereof:{'br': None, 'sup': 6', '6, 'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', 'N, 'R-A-[-CH—CH—S(O)—CH—CH-A-]-R\u2003\u2003(3)'}{'br': None, 'sup': '6', 'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', 'z, '{R-A-CH—CH—S(O)—CH—CH-A-V′—}B\u2003\u2003(3a)'} N is an integer from 1 to 10;', {'sub': 'z', 'claim-text': z is an integer from 3 to 6;', 'each V is a group comprising a terminal alkenyl group; and', 'each —V′— is derived from the reaction of —V with a thiol; and, 'B represents a core of a z-valent, alkenyl-terminated polyfunctionalizing agent B(—V)wherein, {'sup': '6', 'each Rindependently comprises hydrogen or a moiety having a terminal reactive group.'}], 'wherein'}3. The polythioether of claim 2 , wherein each Ris hydrogen.4. The polythioether of claim 2 , wherein each Ris the same and the reactive group comprises —SH claim 2 , —CH═CH claim 2 , —NH claim 2 , —OH claim 2 , an epoxy group claim 2 , a trialkylsilane group claim 2 , a silyl group claim 2 , —N═C═O claim 2 , or a Michael acceptor group.5. A thiol-terminated sulfone-containing polythioether comprising the reaction product of reactants comprising: [{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '1, 'sub': 2', 'p', 'm', '2', '2', 'n, 'HS—R-[—S—(CH)—O—(R—O)—(CH)—S—R-]—SH\u2003\u2003(4)'}, {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '1, 'sub': 2', 'p', 'm', '2', '2', 'n', 'z, '{HS—R-[—S ...

NOVEL CLASS OF SEQUENCE-DEFINED POLYMERS AND PREPARATION METHODS THEREOF

The invention provides a new class of synthetic sequence-defined polymer (SDP) and a method of synthesizing the same. The synthetic sequence-defined polymers have dithiocarbamate incorporated to the backbone. The method introduces a functional group dithiocarbamate in the backbone by using a new support-free, protection-deprotection free three-component reaction strategy. Dithiocarbamate-SDP is prepared from a unique bifunctional monomer, CSand chloroacetyl chloride. Chloracetyl chloride is used as a co-monomer. Different functional groups may be introduced in the dithiocarbamate-SDP via custom synthesis of monomers with the desired functional group, using the method disclosed. The SDPs may undergo modular post-synthetic modification through multiple paths. SDP is produced in multi-gram scale at low cost and in an eco-friendly manner through the method. No hazardous waste is produced in the process as HCl gas released from the reaction may be neutralized by bicarbonate in the medium. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the solvent used in step (a) is selected from formamide claim 2 , dialkylformamides claim 2 , methanol claim 2 , acetonitrile or halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons.4. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the compound of formula (2) in step (a) is a secondary amine claim 2 , the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base selected from alkali metal carbonate claim 2 , triethylamine claim 2 , N claim 2 ,N-diisopropyl ethyl amine claim 2 , trimethyl amine.5. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the solvent used in step (b) is nitrile selected from acetonitrile or propionitrile.6. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the solvent used in step (c) is polyethylene glycol-200 (PEG-200) claim 2 , methanol claim 2 , dimethylformamide or acetonitrile.7. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the solvent used in step (d) is selected from formamide claim 2 , dialkylformamides claim 2 , alcohol claim 2 , nitriles or halogenated ...

THERMOELECTRIC CONVERSION MATERIAL, THERMOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, ARTICLE FOR THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND POWER SUPPLY FOR SENSOR

A thermoelectric conversion element () having, on a substrate (), a first electrode (), a thermoelectric conversion layer (), and a second electrode (), wherein a nano conductive material and a low band gap material are contained in the thermoelectric conversion layer (); an article for thermoelectric power generation and a power supply for a sensor using the thermoelectric conversion element (); and a thermoelectric conversion material containing the nano conductive material and the low band gap material. 2. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the thermoelectric conversion layer further contains at least one polymer in addition to the nano conductive material and the low band gap material selected from the group consisting of a conjugated polymer and a non-conjugated polymer.3. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the nano conductive material is at least one kind of material selected from the group consisting of a carbon nanotube claim 1 , a carbon nanofiber claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , graphene claim 1 , carbon nanoparticles and a metal nanowire.4. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the nano conductive material is a carbon nanotube.5. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode each independently are formed by aluminum claim 1 , gold claim 1 , silver claim 1 , or copper.6. An article for thermoelectric power generation using the thermoelectric conversion element according to .7. A power supply for a sensor using the thermoelectric conversion element according to .9. The thermoelectric conversion material according to claim 8 , further comprising at least one polymer in addition to the nano conductive material and the low band gap material selected from the group consisting of a conjugated polymer and a non-conjugated polymer.10. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 , wherein ...

THERMOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT AND ARTICLE HAVING THERMOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT

A thermoelectric conversion element includes: a thermoelectric conversion layer containing a thiophene polymer, in which a peak intensity of a diffraction angle (2θ) of 7.9° is 5 times or more a peak intensity of a diffraction angle (2θ) of 25.8° in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the thermoelectric conversion layer. 1. A thermoelectric conversion element comprising:a thermoelectric conversion layer containing a thiophene polymer,wherein a peak intensity of a diffraction angle (2θ) of 7.9° is 5 times or more a peak intensity of a diffraction angle (2θ) of 25.8° in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of the thermoelectric conversion layer.2. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 ,wherein the peak intensity of the diffraction angle (2θ) of 7.9° is 7 times or more the peak intensity of the diffraction angle (2θ) of 25.8°.3. A thermoelectric conversion element comprising:a thermoelectric conversion layer containing a thiophene polymer,wherein a specular reflectance of the thermoelectric conversion layer is 10% or more and 35% or less.4. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 3 ,wherein the specular reflectance of the thermoelectric conversion layer is 15% or more and 30% or less.5. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 1 ,wherein the thermoelectric conversion layer has a total content of a Fe atom, a Cu atom, a Mn atom, a Cr atom, and a Ce atom of 1500 ppm or less with respect to the thiophene polymer.6. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 2 ,wherein the thermoelectric conversion layer has a total content of a Fe atom, a Cu atom, a Mn atom, a Cr atom, and a Ce atom of 1500 ppm or less with respect to the thiophene polymer.7. The thermoelectric conversion element according to claim 3 ,wherein the thermoelectric conversion layer has a total content of a Fe atom, a Cu atom, a Mn atom, a Cr atom, and a Ce atom of 1500 ppm or less with respect to the thiophene polymer.8. The thermoelectric conversion ...

DECOMPOSABLE S-TETRAZINE BASED POLYMERS FOR SINGLE WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE APPLICATIONS

A process for purifying semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) extracted with a conjugated polymer, the process comprising exchanging the conjugated polymer with an s-tetrazine based polymer in a processed sc-SWCNT dispersion that comprises the conjugated polymer associated with the sc-SWCNTs. The process can be used for production of thin film transistors. In addition, disclosed herein is use of an s-tetrazine based polymer for purification of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs). 1. A process for purifying semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) extracted with a conjugated polymer , the process comprising exchanging the conjugated polymer with an s-tetrazine based polymer in a processed sc-SWCNT dispersion that comprises the conjugated polymer associated with the sc-SWCNTs.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising decomposing the s-tetrazine based polymer by photo irradiation or thermal treatment; followed by removal of the decomposition products.8. The process of claim 2 , wherein the decomposition products are removed by rinsing or evaporation.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer comprises a polyfluorene.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer comprises a polythiophene.11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer is poly(9 claim 1 ,9-di-n-dodecylfluorene) (PFDD).12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the conjugated polymer to the sc-SWCNTs has a maximum value of 2.13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the s-tetrazine based polymer to the sc-SWCNTs has a maximum value of 4.14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the s-tetrazine based polymer to the sc-SWCNTs is between 1 and 4.15. The process according to for production of thin film transistors.16. Use of an s-tetrazine based polymer for purification of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc- ...

Narrow Band Gap Conjugated Polymers Employing Cross-Conjugated Donors Useful in Electronic Devices

The invention provides for new polymer compounds and methods for the preparation of modular narrow band gap conjugated compounds and polymers that incorporate exocyclic cross-conjugated donors or substituents, as well as novel monomer components of such polymers and the resulting products which comprise materials and useful electronic devices with novel functionality. 1. A method of synthesizing narrow band gap conjugated polymers , comprising use of at least one cross-conjugated donor , wherein the donor is an exocyclic cross-conjugated donor olefin substituent and wherein the polymer is comprised of an alternating electron-rich (donor) and electron-poor (acceptor) moiety , thereby permitting an internal charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the donor is an exocyclic olefin substituted cyclopentadithiophene donor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acceptor is any electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring system.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein πis an interchain unit comprising an electron-deficient heteroaromatic ring system.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein πis selected from substituted and unsubstituted moieties selected from the group consisting of thiadiazoloquinoxaline claim 4 , quinoxaline claim 4 , thienothiadiazole claim 4 , thienopyridine claim 4 , thienopyrazine claim 4 , pyrazinoquinoxaline claim 4 , benzothiadiazole claim 4 , bis-benzothiadiazole claim 4 , benzobisthiadiazole claim 4 , thiazole claim 4 , thiadiazolothienopyrazine claim 4 , or diketopyrrolopyrrole.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein G is selected from the group consisting of Br claim 7 , Cl claim 7 , I claim 7 , triflate (trifluoromethanesulfonate) claim 7 , a trialkyl tin compound claim 7 , boronic acid (—B(OH)) claim 7 , or a boronate ester (—B(OR) claim 7 , where each Ris C-Calkyl or the two Rgroups combine to form a cyclic boronic ester.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein G is selected from the group consisting of Br claim 7 , H claim 7 , ...

PROCESSES FOR PURIFYING DIKETOPYRROLOPYRROLE COPOLYMERS

Processes for purifying diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) copolymers are disclosed. An organic phase containing the DPP copolymer is treated with an aqueous ammonia solution and then with a palladium scavenger. The DPP copolymer is then isolated, and has a very low palladium content. The resulting DPP copolymer has high mobility. 1. A process for obtaining a diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer having low palladium content , comprising:receiving an organic phase containing the diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer;treating the organic phase with an aqueous ammonia solution;treating the organic phase with a palladium scavenger; andisolating the diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer from the organic phase to obtain the diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer having low palladium content.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer has a palladium content of less than 150 ppm and a total metal content of less than 300 ppm.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer having low palladium content has a weight average molecular weight of 20 claim 1 ,000 or higher when measured using high-temperature gel permeation chromatography in trichlorobenzene at 140° C.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer having low palladium content has a polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 4.0.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organic phase includes an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of anisole claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , ethylbenzene claim 1 , o-xylene claim 1 , m-xylene claim 1 , p-xylene claim 1 , trimethylbenzene claim 1 , mesitylene claim 1 , tetrahydronapthalene claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the palladium scavenger is sodium diethyldithiocarbamate claim 1 , ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) claim 1 , or ethylene diamine.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the palladium scavenger is a polymer containing a monomer selected from the group consisting of styryl sulfonic acid ...

UNSYMMETRICAL BENZOTHIADIAZOLE-BASED RANDOM COPOLYMERS

A random copolymer comprising the monomer units A and B. In this random copolymer A comprises and aryl group and B comprises 2. The random copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight ranges from 1 claim 1 ,000 to 100 claim 1 ,000 kDa.3. The random copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the molecular complex is used as photovoltaic material in one or more photovoltaic devices.4. The random copolymer of claim 3 , wherein the one or more photovoltaic devices are polymer solar cell devices or photodetector devices.5. The random copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the molecular complex is used as an active layer material in one or more electronic devices.6. The random copolymer of claim 3 , wherein the one or more electronic devices are field effect transistors claim 3 , light emitting devices and sensors claim 3 , electrochromic devices and capacitors.7. The random copolymer of claim 1 , wherein when used as a photovoltaic polymer produces a power conversion efficiency greater than 7.0%.8. The random copolymer of claim 1 , wherein when used as a photovoltaic polymer produces a fill factor greater than 69%.9. The random copolymer of claim 1 , wherein R1 and R2 are not identical.10. The random copolymer of claim 1 , wherein X1 and X2 are fluorinated.11. The random copolymer of claim 1 , wherein X1 is a hydrogen and X2 is a chlorine. This application is a continuation-in-part application which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/644,208 filed Jul. 7, 2017, entitled “Unsymmetrical Benzothiadiazole-Based Random Copolymers,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.None.This invention relates to unsymmetrically substituted benzothiadiazole-based random copolymers.Solar energy using photovoltaic effect requires active semiconducting materials to convert light into electricity. Currently, solar cells based on silicon are the dominating technology due to their high conversion efficiency. Recently, solar cells based on organic ...

ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR ELEMENT, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR COMPOSITION, AND ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR FILM

Objects of the present invention are to provide an organic semiconductor element having excellent coating manufacturing process suitability, excellent carrier mobility, excellent heat resistance, and excellent flexibility of a semiconductor active layer and to provide an organic semiconductor composition that can form an organic semiconductor having excellent coating manufacturing process suitability, excellent carrier mobility, excellent heat resistance and excellent flexibility, an organic semiconductor film in which the composition is used, and a method of manufacturing an organic semiconductor element. 2. The organic semiconductor element according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'wherein both of Xand Xare chalcogen atoms, or both of Yand Yare chalcogen atoms.'}3. The organic semiconductor element according to claim 1 ,wherein Z is a hydrogen atom.4. The organic semiconductor element according to claim 1 ,wherein p and q are each independently 1 or 2.5. The organic semiconductor element according to claim 1 ,wherein both of p and q are 1.6. The organic semiconductor element according to claim 5 ,{'sup': 1', '2, 'wherein substitution positions of Rand Rare respectively second positions of terminal chalcogenophene rings.'}7. The organic semiconductor element according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 'a', 'wherein Xis a S atom.'}8. The organic semiconductor element according to claim 1 ,wherein both of two terminal chalcogenophene rings in Formula 1 are thiophene rings.9. The organic semiconductor element according to claim 1 ,wherein a sum of the numbers of carbon atoms in the group represented by Formula W is 4 to 40.10. The organic semiconductor element according to claim 1 ,wherein L is a divalent linking group represented by any one of Formulae L-1 to L-4 and L-13 to L-15, or a divalent linking group obtained by bonding two or more divalent linking groups represented by any one of Formulae L-1 to L-4 and L-13 to L-15.11. The organic semiconductor element according ...

PROCESS TO OBTAIN RANDOM COPOLYMERS DERIVED FROM ITACONIC ACID AND/OR ITS ISOMERS AND SODIUM ALKENYL SULFONATES AND USE OF THE PRODUCT THEREOF

A process for obtaining random copolymers from itaconic acid and/or isomers and sodium alkenyl sulfonates is by polymerization in an aqueous solution via free radicals at an acidic pH in the range from 1.0 to 3.5 and with a redox system as initiator. The copolymers can be used as calcium carbonate and calcium, strontium and barium sulfates mineral scale inhibitors and as dispersants of clays, iron oxides, calcium carbonate and strontium, barium and calcium sulfates. Random copolymers prevent and control damage in an oil reservoir, obstruction of water injection and crude oil production pipelines, and in production rigs due to mineral scale precipitation caused by high levels of salinity of the injection water and formation water. Random copolymers are tolerant to high concentrations of divalent ions, such as calcium, magnesium, strontium and barium, and can be added to the reservoir and to injection or production pipelines, treated water, sea water and water that is used as means of transportation. The copolymers can also be used to inhibit and disperse mineral scale occurring in cooling systems and boilers used in the oil and chemistry industry. 1. A process for producing random copolymers from itaconic acid and/or its isomers and sodium alkenyl sulfonates by a polymerization process in an aqueous solution via free radicals at an acidic pH , said process comprising the steps of a) complete dilution of monomers in an aqueous medium; b) addition of an iron salt as free radicals-formation promoter; c) addition of an initiator at low volume of flow and controlling the temperature , and d) agitation of the system at constant temperature and atmospheric pressure.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the initiator is a redox system.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the redox system comprises initiators selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide claim 2 , sodium persulfate claim 2 , potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate claim 2 , and ...

COPOLYMER AND ORGANIC SOLAR CELL COMPRISING SAME

The present specification provides a copolymer and an organic solar cell including the same. 3. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein unit B is an electron donor and unit C is an electron acceptor.4. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein at least one of unit A claim 1 , unit B claim 1 , and unit C has a substituted or unsubstituted branch-chained alkoxy group or a substituted or unsubstituted branch-chained alkyl group.5. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein at least one of unit A claim 1 , unit B claim 1 , and unit C is substituted by one or two or more substituent groups selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted branch-chained alkoxy group; a substituted or unsubstituted branch-chained alkyl group; and a substituent group substituted by a branch-chained alkoxy group or a branch-chained alkyl group.10. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein a content of unit A is 0.01 mol % to 30 mol % based on a total content of the copolymer claim 1 , a content of unit B is 50 mol % to 80 mol % based on the total content of the copolymer claim 1 , and a content of unit C is 0.01 mol % to 30 mol % based on the total content of the copolymer.11. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein a number average molecular weight of the copolymer is 500 g/mol to 1 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.12. The copolymer of claim 1 , wherein a molecular weight distribution of the copolymer is 1 to 100.13. An organic solar cell comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode provided to face the first electrode; andone or more organic material layers provided between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a photoactive layer,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein one or more layers of the organic material layers include the copolymer according to .'}14. The organic solar cell of claim 13 , wherein the organic material layer includes a hole transport layer claim 13 , a hole injection layer claim 13 , or a layer simultaneously transporting and injecting ...

PREPARATION METHOD OF POLYMER

The present application can provide a preparation method that can effectively produce a polymer having desired molecular weight characteristics and solubility in a solvent, and having a monomer composition, which is designed freely and variously according to the purpose, without unnecessary components with excellent polymerization efficiency and conversion rates, and a dispersion comprising the polymer formed by the preparation method. 2. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent without any hydrogen atom is bromotrichloromethane (CBrCl) claim 1 , tetrachloromethane (CCl) or dibromodichloromethane (CBrCl).3. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture does not include a solvent with a hydrogen atom.5. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 4 , wherein the solvent is a solvent without any hydrogen atom.6. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 4 , wherein the mixture does not include a solvent with a hydrogen atom.7. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 4 , wherein a halogen source is further supplied between the first and second steps.8. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 4 , wherein the light irradiated in the second step is irradiated with a pulsed light source.9. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of Rand Rin Formula 1 is a substituent containing an oxygen atom.10. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the ring structure formed by linking Rand Rin Formula 1 contains an oxygen atom.11. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 1 , wherein Rand Rin Formula 1 are halogen atoms.14. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 13 , wherein the divalent chain contains a carbon atom and an oxygen atom.17. The method for preparing a polymer according to claim 16 , wherein the ratio (Halo/(Halo+H)) of the molar number (Halo) of halogen atoms ...

POLYMER, OXIDIZED POLYMER, POLYMER COMPOSITION, GEL-TYPE POLYMER COMPOSITION, AND USE THEREOF

Provided is a polymer having exceptional solubility in hydrophilic polar solvents and stability in solvents. The present invention provides a polymer containing one or two structural units selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by chemical formula (1) and chemical formula (2) (in formula (1) and formula (2), X1 and X2 may be the same or different, and represent H, an optionally substituted C1-12 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C1-12 alkoxy group, an optionally substituted C1-12 alkylene oxide group, an optionally substituted thiocyano group, an optionally substituted amino group, or an optionally substituted thioalkyl group, or an optionally substituted C1-12 alkylene dioxy group or optionally substituted C1-12 alkylene dithio group in which X1 and X2 are linked (excluding combinations in which both X1 and X2 are H or C1-12 alkyl groups and combinations in which one of X1 and X2 is H and the other is a C1-12 alkyl group); R represents a C1-12 alkyl group having an acidic substituent or a salt thereof, a C1-12 alkoxy group, a C1-12 alkylene oxide group having 1-50 repeating units, a phenyl group, a heterocyclic group, or a fused ring group). 2. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein X1 and X2 may be the same as or different from each other claim 1 , and the alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally having the substituent; or', 'the alkylene oxide group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally having the substituent, or', 'X1 and X2 are combined to be the alkylenedioxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally having the substituent., 'wherein X1 and X2 are3. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein R is the alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and the acidic substituent or the salt thereof claim 1 , the alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms claim 1 , or the phenyl group.4. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic substituent or the salt thereof is a sulfo group or an alkali metal salt thereof ...

POLYMERIC DISPERSION OF THIOPHENE COPOLYMERS AND A PROCESS FOR PREPARATION THEREOF

The present invention provides a process for preparing copolymers, by oxidatively polymerizing thiophene or substituted thiophene such as 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene or 3-hexyl thiophene in presence of a reactive surfactant, as aqueous dispersions using catalyst such as FeCland peroxide as the oxidizing agent. 3. A process for the preparation of copolymer by oxidatively polymerizing thiophene or substituted thiophene in the presence of a reactive surfactant , wherein the process steps comprise:(a) dissolving the reactive surfactant in deionized water with stirring to make a homogeneous aqueous mixture;{'sub': '2', '(b) bubbling Nin the homogeneous aqueous mixture obtained in step (a) for a period ranging between 5 minutes to 30 minutes followed by addition of a monomer and mixture of monomer thereof to obtain a mixture;'}{'sub': 3', '2', '2, '(c) initiating the reaction for polymerization obtained in step (b) by adding FeCland HOwith stirring for a period in the range of 12 hrs to 24 hrs to obtain dispersion; and'}(d) filtering the dispersion obtained in step (c) and then freeze drying the compound to obtain powder form or optionally caste into films.4. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the reactive surfactant is sulfonated-3-pentadecyl phenyl acrylate.5. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the monomer is selected from the group consisting of thiophene claim 3 , 3 claim 3 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene claim 3 , and 3-hexylthiophene.6. The process as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the yield of the compound is in the range of (54-76)%. This application claims the benefit of co-pending Indian Patent Application No. 0788/DEL/2014, filed Mar. 18, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of copolymer by oxidatively polymerizing thiophene or substituted thiophene such as 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene or 3-hexyl thiophene in presence of a reactive surfactant and ...

METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF FLUOROPOLYMERS

The present invention relates to a fluorosurfactant-free emulsion polymerization method for the synthesis of a fluoropolymer, more in particular of a VDF-based polymer. 1. A method for the manufacture of a polymer (VDF) comprising at least recurring units derived from 1 ,1-difluoroethylene (VDF) , said method comprising:(I) contacting at least a first portion of 1,1-difluoroethylene (VDF), with an aqueous medium and at least one polymerization initiator, thus providing a first mixture (M1);(II) polymerizing at least a part of said first portion of VDF, thus providing a second mixture (M2);(III) contacting said mixture (M2) with at least a first portion of at least one acid-functionalized compound (A), or the corresponding alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salt of such compound (A), thus providing a third mixture (M3); and(IV) polymerizing said mixture (M3) by feeding at least a second portion of VDF, thus providing said polymer (VDF).2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymerization in said step (II) is performed until VDF reaches a conversion of at least 0.5% and up to 15% claim 1 , the conversion being defined as [(mass of polymer formed/mass of total polymer)×100].3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said compound (A) contains at least one vinyl group and at least one sulfonic acid or salt thereof with an alkaline metal.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said compound (A) complies with the following formula (A-I):{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '2, 'RO—S(═O)—R1-CH═CH\u2003\u2003(A-I)'}whereinR is a hydrogen atom, an ammonium ion or an alkaline metal ion;R1 is a sigma bond or an alkyl chain comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer (VDF) is a homo-polymer of VDF [polymer (VDFH)] consisting essentially of recurring units derived from VDF.6. The method according to claim 1 , whereinsaid step (I) is performed by contacting said at least a first portion of VDF with at least a ...

ORGANIC PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT COMPOSITION, THIN FILM AND PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL EACH CONTAINING THE SAME, ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR POLYMER AND COMPOUND EACH FOR USE IN THESE, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE POLYMER

An organic photoelectric conversion element composition including a p-type-and-n-type linked organic semiconductor polymer represented by any one of formulas (1) to (5), a thin film and a photovoltaic cell each containing the same, an organic semiconductor polymer and a compound each for use in these, and a method of producing the polymer: 5. The organic photoelectric conversion element composition according to claim 4 , comprising either formula (ab) or (5a).6. The organic photoelectric conversion element composition according to claim 1 , wherein the group of the n-type organic semiconductor unit is a group having fullerene structure claim 1 , a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group claim 1 , or an aromatic group having at least one electron-withdrawing group.7. The organic photoelectric conversion element composition according to claim 1 , wherein the group of the p-type organic semiconductor unit is a heterocyclic group having at least one atom among sulfur claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , oxygen claim 1 , silicon claim 1 , boron claim 1 , selenium claim 1 , tellurium claim 1 , and phosphorus as a ring-constituting atom.9. A thin film claim 1 , comprising the organic photoelectric conversion element composition according to .10. A photovoltaic cell claim 1 , comprising a layer composed of the organic photoelectric conversion element composition according to claim 1 , between a first electrode and a second electrode.13. The p-type-and-n-type linked organic semiconductor polymer according to claim 11 , wherein the group of the n-type organic semiconductor unit is a group having fullerene structure claim 11 , a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group claim 11 , or an aromatic group having at least one electron-withdrawing group.14. The p-type-and-n-type linked organic semiconductor polymer according to claim 11 , wherein the group of the p-type organic semiconductor unit is a heterocyclic group having at least one atom among sulfur claim 11 , nitrogen claim 11 , oxygen ...

Surface Modification Using Functional Carbon Nanotubes

Techniques for CNT solubilization and surface-selective deposition via polymer-mediated assembly are provided. In one aspect, a method for self-assembly of CNTs on a substrate is provided. The method includes the following steps. One or more surfaces of the substrate are coated with a thiol-reactive compound. The substrate is contacted with carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies dispersed in a solvent, wherein the carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies include the carbon nanotubes wrapped in a polymer having side chains with thiol groups. Wherein by way of the step of contacting the substrate with the carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies, the carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies selectively bind to the surfaces of the substrate based on an interaction between the thiol groups in the polymer and the thiol-reactive compound on the surfaces of the substrate and thereby self-assemble on the substrate. 1. A structure comprising:carbon nanotubes on a substrate, wherein one or more surfaces of the substrate are coated with a thiol-reactive compound, and wherein the carbon nanotubes are wrapped in a polymer so as to form carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies, the polymer having side chains with thiol groups, andwherein the carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies are selectively bound to the substrate based on an interaction between the thiol groups in the polymer and the thiol-reactive compound on the surfaces of the substrate.2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises a regioregular polythiophene with side chains comprising the thiol groups.3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the polymer wraps around the carbon nanotubes via pi-pi stacking.4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the thiol-reactive compound comprises a metal claim 1 , and wherein the carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies selectively bind to the surfaces of the substrate based on a metal-ligand interaction between the thiol groups in the polymer and the metal.5. The structure of claim 4 , wherein the metal is ...

POLYMER COMPOUND AND ORGANIC PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE

A polymer compound comprising a repeating unit represented by the formula (A) and a repeating unit represented by the formula (B) manifests large absorbance of light having long wavelength, and can be used in an organic photoelectric conversion device and an organic thin film transistor. 2. The polymer compound according to wherein a plurality of R in the formula (A) and the formula (B) are mutually the same.4. The polymer compound according to wherein a plurality of R in the formula (1) are mutually the same.5. An organic photoelectric conversion device having a pair of electrodes and a functional layer disposed between the electrodes claim 1 , wherein the functional layer contains an electron accepting compound and the polymer compound according to .6. The organic photoelectric conversion device according to wherein the amount of the electron accepting compound contained in said functional layer is 10 to 1000 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of said polymer compound.7. The organic photoelectric conversion device according to wherein said electron accepting compound is a fullerene derivative.8. An organic thin film transistor having a source electrode claim 1 , a drain electrode claim 1 , an organic semiconductor layer and a gate electrode wherein said organic semiconductor layer contains the polymer compound according to . The present invention relates to a polymer compound and an organic photoelectric conversion device and an organic thin film transistor using the same.Organic semiconductor materials are used in organic photoelectric conversion devices such as, for example, organic solar batteries, optical sensors and the like. When, among organic semiconductor materials, especially a polymer compound is used, a thin film can be fabricated by an inexpensive coating method and production cost of a device can be reduced.For improving various properties of an organic photoelectric conversion device, a variety of polymer compounds are deliberated ...

METHOD OF MAKING A PYRROLO BISTHIAZOLE HOMOPOLYMER

The method of making a pyrrolo bisthiazole homopolymer starts with dissolving a dibrominated pyrrolo[3,2-d:4,5-d′]bisthiazole monomer having the formula: 1. A method of making a pyrrolo bisthiazole homopolymer , comprising the step of polymerizing a fused pyrrolo[3 ,2-d:4 ,5-d′]bisthiazole monomer using a turbo-Grignard reagent (iPrMgCl.LiCl) complex to obtain a conjugated homopolymer.3. The method of making a pyrrolo bisthiazole homopolymer according to claim 2 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of 2-octyldodecyl claim 2 , n-hexadecyl claim 2 , 9-heptadecyl claim 2 , and 2-ethylhexyl.4. A polymer made according to the method of .6. The conjugated homopolymer according to claim 5 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of 2-octyldodecyl claim 5 , n-hexadecyl claim 5 , 9-heptadecyl claim 5 , and 2-ethylhexyl. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/481,657, filed Apr. 3, 2017, and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/481,103, filed Apr. 4, 2017.The disclosure of the present patent application relates to polymers, and particularly to a method of making a pyrrolo bisthiazole homopolymer.Conjugated solution-processable polymeric semiconductors have been widely explored as materials for lightweight, low cost, flexible plastic electronics and potential application in large area devices. Recently significant development has been made in the design and synthesis of high performance polymers, with mobilites now surpassing μ>1 cmVcmand power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 10%. Currently, the most investigated, by far, are those based on the thiophene core. Among recent examples dithienopyrrole (DTP) polymers have demonstrated good carrier mobility and PCEs. An analogue of DTP is pyrrolo[3,2-d:4,5-d0]bisthiazole (PBTz), wherein displacing the flanking electron-rich thiophene rings with the more electron-deficient thiazole units lowers the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and ...

COPOLYMER FOR USE AS CEMENT ADDITIVE AND METHOD OF PREPARATION THEREOF

This application relates to a polymer that is useful as a cement additive, wherein the polymer is produced by copolymerisation of an olefinic mono-carboxylic acid or salt thereof, an acrylamide sulfonic acid or salt thereof, and an allylic sulfonic acid or salt thereof. The application also relates to a method of making such a polymer, a composition comprising such a polymer and cement or a cementitious slurry, use of such a polymer as an additive to a cementitious material, and a cementitious material comprising such a polymer. 24-. (cancelled)5. The polymer of wherein R claim 1 , Rand Rare each independently selected from —H and —CH.6. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris —H or —CH.7. The polymer of wherein Rand Rare each independently —H claim 1 , —CHor —CHCH.8. The polymer of wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rare each independently —H or —CH.9. (canceled)10. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein m is 1 claim 1 , 2 or 3 and wherein n is 1 claim 1 , 2 or 3.1114-. (canceled)15. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the following is true:at least one component of formula (I) is acrylic acid or a salt thereof;at least one component of formula (II) is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid or a salt thereof;at least one component of formula (Ill) is 2-propene-1-sulfonic acid monomer or a salt thereof.1619-. (canceled)20. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is in the range 1 claim 1 ,000-100 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.21. The polymer of claim 8 , wherein the Mw is in the range 2 claim 8 ,000-40 claim 8 ,000 g/mol.2223-. (canceled)24. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprises 20-70 wt % of (I) claim 1 , 20-70 wt % of (II) and 10-60 wt % of (Ill).2527-. (canceled)2932-. (canceled)33. The method of claim 28 , wherein the at least one radical initiator is provided in an amount of 0.1 to 2.5 wt % relative to the total weight of the monomers.34. (canceled)35. The method of claim 33 , wherein the at least one radical ...

CLEAN FRACTURING FLUID THICKENER OF MULTI-BLOCK ASSOCIATIVE COPOLYMER (APCF) AND METHOD PREPARING THEREOF

The present invention relates to a Clean Fracturing Fluid Thickener of Multi-block Associative Copolymer (APCF) and a method preparing thereof. Said Copolymer has evaluating indicators as: (1), the viscosity of its 0.3% water solution at 20° C.≧30 mPa·s; (2), the viscosity of said solution after gel breaking≦5 mPa·s; and, (3) a static sand-suspending time of said solution≧10 min. 130. A method of preparing a Clean Fracturing Fluid Thickener of Multi-block Associative Copolymer (APCF) having evaluating indicators described as: a viscosity of its 0.3% water solution at 20° C.≧ mPa·s , a viscosity of said solution after gel breaking≦5 mPa·s , and , a static sand-suspending time≧10 min; comprising:(i), preparing multi-block associative monomers, wherein said monomers all have a length of carbon chains between 8 and 22 and are selected from following: maleic acid n-alkyl ester sodium salt, n-alkyl acrylaminde, n-alkyl dimethylallyl ammonium chloride or n-alkyl dimethyl p-methyl-phenylethenyl ammonium chloride, and/or dimethyl-n-alkylamine;wherein preparing the maleic acid n-alkyl ester sodium salt further comprising: (a) maintaining a temperature within a reactor at 10-30° C., (b) adding by total weight: 49.5-56.9% of methylbenzene, and 12-14% of maleic anhydride, stirring till dissolved, (c) adding by total weight: 26-30% of alcohol having the length of the carbon chains between 8 to 22, and 0.1-0.5% 4-methylbenzensulfonic acid, stirring till dissolved, (d) sealing the reactor air-tight, (e) raising the temperature within the reactor to 60-80° C. to initiate a reaction, (f) neutralizing the reaction by alkali 5-6% by total weight, (g) cooling down the reaction to a room temperature, and, (h) filtering the reaction to collect the maleic acid n-alkyl ester sodium salt;wherein preparing the n-alkyl acrylaminde further comprising: (a) maintaining a temperature of a reactor at 10-30° C., (b) adding by total weight: 45.1-51.9% of methylbenzene, and 38-42% of long chain alkyl ...

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell that comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a photoactive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, and to a preparation thereof. The invention further relates to the use of at least two specific donor materials in photovoltaic cells. 1. A photovoltaic cell comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode; anda photoactive layer between the first electrode and the second electrode,wherein the photoactive layer comprises a first donor material, second donor material and acceptor material; the first donor material and the second donor material being different from each other and each of the donor materials comprising a common building block of the same chemical structure, said common building block comprising a conjugated fused ring moiety.2. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1 , wherein the common building block constitutes an electron donating unit of the donor materials.4. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 3 , wherein the common building block is at each occurrence claim 3 , selected from the group consisting of formulae (A10) claim 3 , (A12) claim 3 , (A13) claim 3 , (A19) claim 3 , (A20) claim 3 , (A21) claim 3 , (A22) claim 3 , and (A23).5. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 3 , wherein the common conjugated fused ring moieties of the donor materials is at each occurrence claim 3 , represented by formula (A10) or (A21).6. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the donor materials comprises an electron withdrawing building block.7. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 1 , wherein the first donor material and the second donor material each comprise an electron withdrawing building block claim 1 , and the electron withdrawing building block of the first donor material has more electron withdrawing capability than the electron withdrawing building block of the second donor material.9. The photovoltaic cell according to claim 8 , wherein ...

COMPOSITION AND APPLICATIONS OF A MULTI-COMPONENT BENZO[1,2-B:4,5-B] DITHIOPHENE-DIFLUOROTHIENOTHIOPHENE RANDOMLY SUBSTITUTED POLYMERS FOR ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS

A polymer having two different sets of repeat units consisting essentially of: 2. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the aryl groups comprise of heterocycles and fused heterocycles.3. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer is regio-regular.4. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer is regio-random.5. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer is used as photovoltaic material in one or more photovoltaic devices.6. The polymer of claim 5 , wherein the one or more photovoltaic devices are polymer solar cell devices or photodetector devices.7. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein the conjugated polymer is used as active layer material in one or more electronic devices.8. The polymer of claim 7 , wherein the one or more electronic devices are field effect transistors claim 7 , light emitting devices claim 7 , and sensors claim 7 , electrochromic devices and capacitors. This application is a non-provisional application which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/005,046 filed May 30, 2014, entitled “Composition and Applications of a Multi-Component Benzo[1,2-B:4-5-B] Dithiophene-Difluorothienothiophene Randomly Substituted Polymers for Organic Solar Cells,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.None.This invention relates to compositions and applications for a multi-component benzo[1,2-B:4,5-B] dithiophene-difluorothienothiophene polymer.Solar energy using photovoltaic effect requires active semiconducting materials to convert light into electricity. Currently, solar cells based on silicon are the dominating technology due to their high conversion efficiency. Recently, solar cells based on organic materials showed interesting features, especially on the potential of low cost in materials and processing. Judging from the recent success in organic light emitting diodes based on a reverse effect of photovoltaic effect, organic solar cells are very promising.Organic ...

FLEXIBLE, HIGH REFRACTIVE INDEX HYDROPHOBIC COPOLYMER

The present invention discloses an improved hydrophobic, flexible co-polymer with high refractive index for use in ophthalmic lenses, particularly intraocular lens and to the process of preparation thereof. 2. The copolymer according to selected from the group consisting of:i. co-polymer of 2-phenylethyl acrylate (PEA), 2-phenoxy-2-phenylethyl acrylate (PPEA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate;ii. co-polymer of 2-phenylethyl acrylate (PEA), 2-phenoxy-2-phenylethyl acrylate (PPEA) and hexanediol dimethacylate;iii. co-polymer of 2-phenylethyl acrylate (PEA), 2-phenoxy-2-phenylethyl methacrylate (PPEM) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate;iv. co-polymer of 2-phenylethyl acrylate (PEA), 2-phenoxy-2-phenylethyl methacrylate (PPEM) and hexanediol dimethacylate;v. co-polymer of 2-phenylethyl acrylate (PEA), 2-phenyl-(2-phenylthio)ethyl acrylate (PTEA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate;vi. co-polymer of 2-phenylethyl acrylate (PEA), 2-phenyl-(2-phenylthio)ethyl acrylate (PTEA) and hexanediol dimethacylate;vii. co-polymer of 2-phenylethyl acrylate (PEA), 2-phenyl-(2-phenylthio)ethyl methacrylate (PTEM) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; andviii co-polymer of 2-phenylethyl acrylate (PEA), 2-phenyl-(2-phenylthio)ethyl methacrylate (PTEM) and hexanediol dimethacylate.3. The copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is hydrophobic and exhibits a refractive index in the range of 1.558 to 1.601.4. The copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein tensile strength of the copolymer is in the range of 230 to 1841 psi.5. The copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the copolymer is flexible and exhibits a modulus of elasticity in the range of 4 to 10 psi.6. A process for the preparation of the copolymer according to by free radical copolymerization wherein the process comprises the steps of:i. mixing the monomer of formula (I) and the monomer of formula (II) in a ratio ranging between 5:95 to 95:5 mol % with the cross linker and 0.1-5.0 mol % of a radical initiator in a ...

THIOSULFATE-CONTAINING POLYMERS ASSOCIATED WITH PHOTOSENSITIZER COMPONENT

A photocurable or thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymer has (a) recurring units and (d) recurring units, shown as either Structure (I) or (II) and Structure (V) below: 2. The photocurable or thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymer of claim 1 , wherein the organic charge balancing cations are selected from quaternary ammonium claim 1 , pyridinium claim 1 , morpholinium claim 1 , benzolium claim 1 , imidazolium claim 1 , alkoxypyridinium claim 1 , thiazolium claim 1 , and quinolinium monovalent cations.4. The photocurable or thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymer of claim 1 , which comprises the (a) recurring units in an amount of at least 5 mol % and up to and including 30 mol % claim 1 , and the (d) recurring units in an amount of at least 1 mol % and up to and including 30 mol % claim 1 , all based on total recurring units in the photocurable or thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymer. Reference is made to the following copending and commonly assigned patent applications, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference:U.S. Ser. No. ______ (filed on even date herewith by Shukla and Donovan), and entitled “Photocurable and Thermally Curable Thiosulfate-containing Polymers” (Attorney Docket No. K001750/JLT);U.S. Ser. No. ______ (filed on even date herewith by Shukla, Mis, and Donovan), and entitled “Devices Having Dielectric Layers with Thiosulfate-containing Polymers” (Attorney Docket No. K001676/JLT);U.S. Ser. No. ______ (filed on even date herewith by Shukla, Donovan, and Mis), and entitled Precursor Dielectric Composition with Thiosulfate-Containing Polymers” (Attorney Docket No. K001812/JLT).This invention relates to unique photocurable and thermally curable thiosulfate-containing polymers that can be used to provide various devices such as organic field effect transistors (OFET's) containing crosslinked disulfide polymers. The crosslinked disulfide polymers provide dielectric materials or gate dielectric in ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING POLYISOTHIANAPHTHENE-BASED ELECTROCONDUCTIVE POLYMER

The present invention relates to (i) a method of producing a conductive polymer, comprising polymerizing at least one of compounds (A1) represented by the formula (1) disclosed in the specification in the presence of a compound (B) having sulfo group; (ii) a method of producing a conductive polymer, comprising polymerizing at least one compound selected from a group consisting of at least one compound (A2) represented by the formula (2); and (iii) a method of producing a conductive polymer, comprising copolymerizing at least one compound (A1) and at least one compound selected from a group consisting of at least one compound (A2). The method of the present invention is a method for producing a one-liquid type conductive polymer in which it is possible to easily adjust the solvent affinity, the solubility, and other such aspects of performance according to the purpose. 2. The method of producing the polyisothianaphthene-based conductive polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the compound (A1) is a compound in which k in the formula (1) is 0.3. The method of producing the polyisothianaphthene-based conductive polymer according to claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rin the formula (1) independently is a monovalent substituent selected from (1) a hydrogen atom claim 1 , (2) linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms claim 1 , linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms claim 1 , or linear or branched alkyl ester group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms claim 1 , and (3) a halogen atom.5. The method of producing the polyisothianaphthene-based conductive polymer according to claim 4 , wherein the compound (A2) is a compound in which k in the formula (2) is 0.6. The method of producing the polyisothianaphthene-based conductive polymer according to claim 4 , wherein R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , and Rin the formula (2) independently is a monovalent substituent selected from (1) a ...

POLYMERIZABLE COMPOSITIONS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TRANSPARENT POLYMERIC SUBSTRATES, TRANSPARENT POLYMERIC SUBSTRATES OBTAINED AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN OPTICS

Polymerizable monomer containing electrolytically polymerizable group, polymer thereof, and application of the polymer.

Methods and compositions comprising anti-scalants

The present disclosure generally relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of scale, such as controlling, preventing, and/or inhibiting scale formation and/or the rate of scale formation, in a fluid in need of treatment, such as fluids used in and/or resulting from oil and gas operations, wherein said treatment comprises the use of one or more anti-scalants. The one or more anti-scalants may comprise desirable biodegradation characteristics as well as enhanced divalent ion tolerance, such as calcium ion tolerance.

ARTICLES AND METHODS RELATED TO LABILE CROSSLINKING MOIETIES

Articles and methods related to the manufacture of polymers containing labile crosslinking moieties are generally described. 1. A method comprising:providing a structurally self-supporting material comprising a polymeric material crosslinked by a plurality of crosslinking moieties;{'sub': '2', 'exposing at least a portion of the structurally self-supporting material to HO, thereby reacting at least a portion of the crosslinking moieties and converting at least a portion of the structurally self-supporting material to a non-structurally self-supporting material.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the structurally self-supporting material comprises providing the structurally self-supporting material on a substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein providing the structurally self-supporting material comprises three-dimensional (3D) printing the structurally self-supporting material on the substrate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of crosslinking moieties at least partially render the material structurally self-supporting.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the crosslinking moieties comprise an acrylate.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein each of the crosslinking moieties comprise a methyl acrylate claim 5 , ethyl acrylate claim 5 , propyl acrylate claim 5 , butyl acrylate claim 5 , methyl methacrylate claim 5 , ethyl methacrylate claim 5 , propyl methacrylate claim 5 , butyl methacrylate claim 5 , and/or derivatives thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the crosslinking moieties comprises a silyl-ether.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting at least a portion of the crosslinking moieties comprises hydrolyzing at least a portion of the crosslinking moieties.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the structurally self-supporting material has a Young's modulus between greater than or equal to 1 GPa and less than or equal to 5 GPa.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-structurally self-supporting material has a Young's ...

Water-soluble sulfo-containing copolymers, process for their preparation and their use

Es werden wasserlösliche sulfogruppenhaltige Copolymere als Wasserretentionsmittel, Stabilisierer und Rheologiemodifizierer in wössrigen Baustoffsystemen auf der Basis hydraulischer Bindemittel wie Zement, Kalk, Gips, Anhydrit usw. sowie in wasserbasierenden Anstrich- und Beschichtungssystemen beschrieben. DOLLAR A Die erfindungsgemäßen Copolymere stellen bei relativ geringen Einsatzmengen hochwirksame Wasserretentionsmittel dar, welche auch hervorragende Luftporenstabilität und Klebrinkeit erreichen. Sie können aber auch als Stabilisierer in Baustoff- und Anstrichsystemen eingesetzt werden. Water-soluble sulfo-containing copolymers are described as water retention agents, stabilizers and rheology modifiers in aqueous building material systems based on hydraulic binders such as cement, lime, gypsum, anhydrite, etc. as well as in water-based coating and coating systems. DOLLAR A The copolymers of the invention are at relatively low levels of use highly effective water retention agents, which also achieve excellent air-pore stability and tackiness. But they can also be used as a stabilizer in building materials and paint systems.

Polymerizable composition, high-refractive-index resin composition, and optical member made of the same

The invention can provide a high-refractive-index resin composition containing particles, more particularly, a resin composition having a high refractive index and usable in optical applications including coatings and lenses. The high-refractive-index resin composition of the invention is a high-refractive-index resin composition obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable composition containing particles coated with a surface-treating agent and having an average particle diameter of 10 nm or smaller and a polymerizable monomer, wherein the content of the particles excluding the surface-treating agent, X (% by mass), and the refractive index of the high-refractive-index resin composition, Y (n 23 d), have a relationship between these which is represented by the general formula 1: Y≧0.0035X+1.52 (wherein 20≦X≦60 and Y≦2.0).

Acrylamide polymer and its use

α-olefin-alkenylsilane copolymer and method for producing the same

Novel polymers

A polymer of formula (I) wherein: R and R’ are each independently selected from hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group or a hydroxy - or carboxy substituted - alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group provided that R and R’ together have a total of less than 23 carbon atoms and n is greater than 1; X is hydrogen or a cation or an alkyl group; one of R2, R3, R4, R5 is a phosphonate or a sulphonate group and the remainder of R2, R3, R4, R5 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, alkoxy, hydroxy, hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl, phosphonate or sulphonate groups and a is from 1 to 5; R6, R7, R8, R9 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl or carboxy groups and b is from 5 to 200. The polymer has uses in the fields of water treatment and corrosion inhibition.

Water-soluble polymers of controlled low molecular weight

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention provides a process for preparing water-soluble polymers with a controlled low molecular weight, the molecular weight of the polymer being controlled by the presence of a calculated quantity of methallylsulfonate monomer during the polymerization reaction. The molecular weight of the polymer varies inversely with the quantity of methallylsulfonate monomer that is present. Low molecular weight water-soluble polymers are useful as oil well drilling additives, dispersants and the like.

Improviong the lipophilic properties of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid

The lipophilic properties of an ethylenically unsaturated water-soluble polymerizable sulfonic acids are improved by forming a salt thereof with a lipophilic amine. Such salts are readily polymerized in an emulsion or solution process.

Polymers and polymerisation processes

Polymers and their use as dispersants with foam-inhibiting action

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Polymere, erhältlich durch Polymerisation der Monomere (A), (B), und (D), und gegebenenfalls (C), wobei (A) ein Monomer der Formel (I) istworin A für C2- bis C4-Alkylen, B für ein von A verschiedenes C2- bis C4-Alkylen, R für Wasserstoff oder Methyl, m für eine Zahl von 1 bis 500, n für eine Zahl von 1 bis 500 stehen, (B) ein ethylenisch ungesättigtes Monomer ist, das mindestens eine Carbonsäurefunktion enthält, (C) gegebenenfalls ein weiteres, von (A) und (B) verschiedenes ethylenisch ungesättigtes Monomer ist, (D) ein Monomer der Formel (II) istworin D für C2- bis C4-Alkylen, E für eine von D verschiedene C2- bis C4-Alkylengruppe, F für eine von E verschiedene C2- bis C4-Alkylengruppe, R für Wasserstoff oder Methyl, o für eine Zahl von 1 bis 500, p für eine Zahl von 1 bis 500, q für eine Zahl von 1 bis 500 stehen, und worin der Gewichtsanteil der Monomere 35 bis 99% für das Makromonomer (A), 0,5 bis 45% für das Monomer (B), 0 bis 20% für das Monomer (C) und 1 bis 20% für das Monomer (D) beträgt, sowie ihre Verwendung als Entschäumer für anorganische Feststoffsuspensionen. The invention relates to polymers which can be obtained by polymerizing the monomers (A), (B) and (D) and, if appropriate, (C), where (A) is a monomer of the formula (I) where A is for C2- to C4-alkylene , B is a C2 to C4 alkylene different from A, R is hydrogen or methyl, m is a number from 1 to 500, n is a number from 1 to 500, (B) is an ethylenically unsaturated monomer which has at least contains a carboxylic acid function, (C) is optionally another ethylenically unsaturated monomer different from (A) and (B), (D) is a monomer of the formula (II) where D is for C2- to C4-alkylene, E is for one of D. different C2 to C4 alkylene group, F for a different C2 to C4 alkylene group, R for hydrogen or methyl, o for a number from 1 to 500, p for a number from 1 to 500, q for a number of 1 to 500 and in which the weight fraction of the monomers 35 to 99% for the ...

Resist composition, resist pattern forming method, polymer compound

Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based terpolymer for active layer of polymer solar cell or transistor and manufacturing method of the same

The present invention relates to a ternary copolymer comprising a diketopyrrolopyrrole compound, selenophene and thiophene and a process for their synthesis. According to the present invention, novel tertiary copolymers containing two different electron-rich units of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based compounds and selenophene (Se) and thiophene (Th) and a method of synthesizing them have been confirmed. By adjusting the crystallinity of the polymer by appropriately adjusting the content of selenophene and thiophene, it is possible to optimize the BHJ blend shape and exhibit high telephone mobility, thereby improving the performance of organic electronic materials such as solar cells and transistors.

Vinylpolymer mit acetylacetoxygruppen, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und daraus erhaltenes mittel

Top coating composition for immersion exposure

본 발명은 포토레지스트막과 인터믹싱을 일으키지 않고 포토레지스트 상에 피막을 형성할 수 있으며, 액침 노광시 매체에 용출하지 않고 안정적인 피막을 유지하는 상층막 형성 조성물을 개시한다. 상기 상층막 형성 조성물은 또한 액침 노광이 아닌 건식 노광을 행한 경우로부터의 패턴 형상 열화가 없고, 알칼리 현상액에 용이하게 용해되는 상층막을 형성할 수 있다. 또한, 본 발명에 따르면, 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 기를 갖는 반복 단위, 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 기를 갖는 반복 단위, 및 카르복실기를 갖는 반복 단위로부터 선택되는 하나 이상의 반복 단위 (I)와, 술포기를 갖는 반복 단위 (II)를 포함하고, 겔 투과 크로마토그래피법에 의해 측정되는 중량 평균 분자량이 2,000 내지 100,000인 공중합체가 개시된다. <화학식 1> <화학식 2> 상기 식에서, R 1 및 R 2 의 하나 이상은 탄소수 1 내지 4의 불소화 알킬기이고, 화학식 2에서, R 3 은 탄소수 1 내지 20의 불소화 알킬기를 나타낸다. The present invention discloses an upper layer film-forming composition which can form a film on the photoresist without causing intermixing with the photoresist film, and maintains a stable film without eluting to the medium during immersion exposure. The upper layer film-forming composition can further form an upper layer film that is easily dissolved in an alkaline developer without pattern deterioration from when dry exposure is performed instead of liquid immersion exposure. According to the present invention, at least one repeating unit (I) selected from a repeating unit having a group represented by the following formula (1), a repeating unit having a group represented by the following formula (2), and a repeating unit having a carboxyl group, and a sulfo group Disclosed is a copolymer comprising a repeating unit (II) having a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 to 100,000 measured by gel permeation chromatography. &Lt; Formula 1 > (2) Wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and in formula (2), R 3 represents a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Alpha-olefin-alkenylsilane copolymer and method for preparing same

내용 없음. No content.

Polymerizable compositions containing (meth)acrylate monomers having sulfide linkages

Provided is a polymerizable composition including (meth)acrylate monomers having at least two sulfide (—S—) linkages in the monomer. The polymerizable compositions include a first (meth)acrylate monomer represented by the following Formula (I), where L 1 is selected from a multivalent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group optionally interrupted with at least one of —C(O)—, —S—, —O— and combinations thereof, and a divalent linking group represented by the following Formula (A). In Formula (A), Y is O or S. Also in Formula (I), L 2 is independently for each n a divalent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group optionally interrupted with at least one of —O— and —S—, R 1 is independently selected for each n from hydrogen and methyl, and n is from 2 to 6. The polymerizable compositions also may include a polymerization moderator. Also provided are polymerizates including photochromic articles and optical elements prepared from such polymerizable compositions.

Mixtures for the production of transparent plastics, transparent plastics and processes for their preparation and use

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Mischungen zur Herstellung transparenter Kunststoffe, umfassend DOLLAR A a) ein Prepolymer, hergestellt aus Verbindungen der Formeln (I) und (II), DOLLAR F1 worin R·1· jeweils unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder einen Methylrest, DOLLAR A R·2· jeweils unabhängig voneinander einen linearen oder verzweigten, aliphatischen oder cycloaliphatischen Rest oder einen substituierten oder unsubstituierten aromatischen oder heteroaromatischen Rest und m und n jeweils unabhängig voneinander eine ganze Zahl größer/gleich 0 mit m + n > 0 bedeuten, und Verbindungen der Formel (III), Alkyldithiolen oder Polythiolen, vorzugsweise DOLLAR A HS-R·3·-SH (III), DOLLAR A wobei R·3· gleich oder verschieden von R·2· die in R·2· angegebene Bedeutung haben kann, und DOLLAR A b) mindestens ein radikalisch polymerisierbares Monomer (A) mit mindestens 2 Methacrylatgruppen und DOLLAR A c) aromatischen Vinylverbindungen, wie z. B. Styrol, und DOLLAR A d) gegebenenfalls ein radikalisch polymerisierbares Monomer mit mindestens zwei endständigen olefinischen Gruppen, die sich in ihrer Reaktivität unterscheiden, und/oder DOLLAR A e) gegebenenfalls mindestens ein Monomer (B) aus der Gruppe der Methacrylate, vorzugsweise 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat. The present invention relates to mixtures for producing transparent plastics, comprising DOLLAR A a) a prepolymer prepared from compounds of formulas (I) and (II), DOLLAR F1 wherein R · 1 · each independently of one another are hydrogen or a methyl radical, DOLLAR AR · 2 Each independently represent a linear or branched, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic radical or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic radical and m and n are each independently an integer greater than or equal to 0 with m + n> 0, and compounds of the formula (III ), Alkyldithiols or polythiols, preferably DOLLAR A HS-R * 3 * -SH (III), DOLLAR A wherein R * 3 *, equal to or different from R * 2, may have the meaning given in R * 2 *, ...

POLYMERIZABLE COMPOSITIONS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TRANSPARENT POLYMER SUBSTRATES, TRANSPARENT POLYMER SUBSTRATES OBTAINED AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN OPTICS

The invention concerns compositions comprising: (a) at least 40 parts by weight, preferably at least 50 parts by weight of at least a thio(meth)acrylate monomer; (b) at least a monomer with high Abbe coefficient; (c) not more than 20 parts by weight, preferably not more than 15 parts by weight, and advantageously not more than 10 parts by weight of an aromatic polyvinyl monomer; and (d) at least a polythiol; for 100 parts by weight of (a), (b), (c), and (d). The invention is useful for making optical lenses.