ГИДРООБРАБОТКА ПРОДУКТОВ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА

Изобретение относится к принципиальным схемам технологического процесса обработки газойлей и в особенности химически активных газойлей, полученных термическим крекингом нефтяных остатков, с использованием принципа разделения потоков. Способ облагораживания газойлей до дистиллятных углеводородов включает деление первого потока газойля на первую и вторую части; смешивание второго потока газойля с первой частью первого потока газойля для формирования смешанного потока газойля; контактирование смешанного потока газойля и водорода с первым катализатором гидроконверсии в первой реакционной системе гидрокрекинга для превращения по меньшей мере части углеводородов в смешанном потоке газойля в дистиллятные углеводороды; извлечение эффлюента из первой реакционной системы гидрокрекинга, содержащего не превращенные углеводороды и дистиллятные углеводороды; фракционирование эффлюента из первой реакционной системы гидрокрекинга на одну или более углеводородные фракции, включая фракцию, содержащую не ...

ПОЛИМЕРЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ОЛЕФИНА И АЛКЕНИЛАЛКИЛАТА И ИХПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В КАЧЕСТВЕ МНОГОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ДОБАВОКВ ТОПЛИВО И ГОРЮЧЕЕ

Изобретение относится к полимерам на основе олефина и алкенилалкилата, к способам их получения, к их применению и к композиции, содержащей эти полимеры. Полимер имеет молекулярный вес от 500 до 25000 г/моль и содержит, по меньшей мере, одно звено формулы (I): где R1, R′1 и R"1 одинаковые или разные, выбраны из водорода и алкильных радикалов, содержащих от 1 до 10 атомов углерода; R2 выбран из водорода, алкильных радикалов, содержащих от 1 до 20 атомов углерода, ароматических радикалов, имеющих от 6 до 10 атомов углерода, или группы OR′2, где R′2 является водородом или алкильной группой, содержащей от 1 до 6 атомов углерода, причем подразумевается, что R1 и R2 не могут одновременно быть атомом водорода; где G и G′ одинаковые или разные, выбраны из карбонильных групп -О-С(О)-; -С(О)-О-; -С(О)-; R3 выбран из алкильных радикалов, содержащих от 1 до 13 атомов углерода; R5 и R6 одинаковые или разные, выбраны из водорода, алкильных радикалов, содержащих от 1 до 13 атомов углерода или вместе образуют ...

ИНГИБИТОРЫ КОРРОЗИИ ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВА И СМАЗОЧНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Изобретение раскрывает применение полимеров, которые статистически в среднем имеют по меньшей мере 4 кислотные группы на полимерную цепь, соотношение атомов углерода на кислотную группу от 7 до 35 и кислотное число от 80 до 320 мг КОН/г, определенное при помощи потенциографического титрования с 0,5-молярной водной соляной кислотой после трехчасового нагревания в 0,5-молярном этанольном растворе едкого калия, в качестве ингибиторов коррозии в топливах, которые имеют содержание щелочных и/или щелочно-земельных металлов и/или цинка по меньшей мере 0,1 мас.ч./млн, причем топливо представляет собой дизельное или бензиновое топливо. Также раскрывается применение полимеров в наборах присадок для снижения коррозии в дизельных и бензиновых топливах, которые имеют содержание щелочных и/или щелочно-земельных металлов и/или цинка по меньшей мере 0,1 мас.ч./млн. Технический результат заключается в снижении коррозии. 3 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 3 пр., 9 табл.

СТАБИЛИЗИРУЮЩАЯ СИНЕРГИЧЕСКАЯ СМЕСЬ И ЕЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

Настоящее изобретение относится к стабилизирующей синергической смеси, содержащей от 10 до 99% мас., по меньшей мере, одного соединения, по меньшей мере, с одним структурным элементом формулы (I):в которой свободные валентности атома кислорода и атома азота могут быть замкнуты, образуя пятичленное, шестичленное или семичленное кольцо, а бензольное кольцо в одном или нескольких свободных положениях может содержать заместители, и от 1 до 90% мас., по меньшей мере, одного серосодержащего органического соединения, обладающего действием антиоксиданта, причем сумма компонентов (А) и (В) составляет 100% мас. Также настоящее изобретение относится к применению стабилизирующей синергической смеси в качестве стабилизатора для стабилизации нефтепродуктов, топлив и топлив для турбореактивных двигателей и в качестве стабилизатора для повышения стойкости смазочных композиций. Техническим результатом настоящего изобретения является получение средства, обеспечивающее улучшенную защиту от вредного воздействия ...

ДЕПРЕССОРНАЯ ПРИСАДКА

Изобретение относится к нефтедобывающей промышленности и может быть использовано для снижения температуры застывания и снижения динамической вязкости, предельного напряжения сдвига нефтей при их транспортировке и хранении. Депрессорная присадка для снижения температуры застывания и вязкостных характеристик парафинистых и высокопарафинистых нефтей на основе полимера содержит 45-55% продукта сополимеризации тяжелой пиролизной смолы (ТПС) с атактическим полипропиленом (АПП), взятых в соотношении 10:(0,7-1,7), и остальное алкилароматические углеводороды. Использование сополимера ТПС с АПП позволяет снизить значения температуры застывания и вязкостных характеристик парафинистых и высокопарафинистых нефтей. 6 табл.

Способ маркировки нефти и продуктов ее переработки

Изобретение относится к способам маркировки нефти и продуктов ее переработки. Описан способ маркировки нефти и продуктов ее переработки, характеризующийся внесением 10-100 м.д. производных циануровой кислоты, в которой атом водорода гидроксильной группы замещен алкильными радикалами, как одинаковыми, так и различными, при получении которых используют первичные спирты C1-C8, изопропиловый спирт, спирты C1-C8, в которых атомы водорода, частично или полностью, заменяют атомы фтора, изопропиловый спирт, в котором атомы водорода, частично или полностью, заменяют атомы фтора. Технический результат - маркировка нефти и продуктов ее переработки для идентификации и контроля качества продукции. 4 ил., 3 табл., 6 пр.

МНОГОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ДОБАВКА К АВИАЦИОННЫМ БЕНЗИНАМ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение раскрывает многофункциональную добавку к авиационным бензинам, которая включает тетраэтилсвинец, 1,2-дибромэтан и 2,6-ди-трет-бутил-4-метилфенол, добавка имеет температуру начала кристаллизации не выше минус 40°C и содержит углеводородную фракцию, имеющую температуру конца кипения не выше 201°C, давление насыщенных паров при 38,7°C не более 51 кПа, содержащую не менее 10% масс. ароматических и не более 2% масс. непредельных углеводородов, при следующем соотношении компонентов, % масс.: тетраэтилсвинец 5,0-50,0, 1,2-дибромэтан 3,0-30,0, 2,6-ди-трет-бутил-4-метилфенол 0,1-1,0, углеводородная фракция до 100. Также раскрывается многофункциональная добавка к авиационным бензинам, включающая этиловую жидкость TEL-B и углеводородную фракцию, имеющую температуру конца кипения не выше 201°С. Технический результат заключается в получении многофункциональной добавки, которая обладает лучшими низкотемпературными свойствами и при введении в авиационный бензин улучшает его антидетонационные ...

ПРОДУКТЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ПОЛИИЗОБУТЕНОВ С ОКИСЯМИ АЗОТА ИЛИ СМЕСЯМИ ОКИСЕЙ АЗОТА И КИСЛОРОДА (ЕГО ВАРИАНТЫ) И СМАЗОЧНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ИЛИ ТОПЛИВО ДЛЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ НА ЕГО ОСНОВЕ (ЕГО ВАРИАНТЫ)

Описываются новые продукты взаимодействия полиизобутенов со средней степенью полимеризации Р от 10 до 100 и долей подвергающихся взаимодействию с ангидридом малеиновой кислоты двойных связей Е, равную 60 - 90%, при этом значение Е было бы равным 100%, если каждая молекула полиизобутена имела бы такую реакционноспособную двойную связь, с окисями азота или смесями окисей азота и кислорода. Указанные продукты могут найти применение в качестве присадок к топливу и смазке, а также как топливо для двигателей внутреннего сгорания и смазки. 6 с. и 10 з.п. ф-лы. 1 табл.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ МАСЕЛ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ МОЮЩУЮ ПРИСАДКУ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ХЛАДОТЕКУЧЕСТИ, И СРЕДНИЙ ДИСТИЛЛЯТ

Настоящее изобретение относится к применению, по меньшей мере, одного маслорастворимого соединения В), которое действуют как инициатор образования зародышей при кристаллизации парафина, и его выбирают из по существу линейных углеводородов, имеющих, по меньшей мере, 20 атомов углерода, с целью улучшения характеристики отклика присадки С), улучшающей хладотекучесть минерального масла, в средних дистиллятах, которые содержат, по меньшей мере, одну беззольную азотсодержащую моющую присадку А), которая представляет собой маслорастворимое амфифильное соединение, которое содержит, по меньшей мере, один алкильный или алкенильный радикал, связанный с полярной группой, где алкильный или алкенильный радикал, содержит от 10 до 500 атомов углерода, и полярная группа содержит 2 или больше атомов азота. Также настоящее изобретение относится к присадке для средних дистиллятов и к среднему дистилляту, имеющему содержание серы меньше чем 100 ч./млн и температуру выкипания 90% ниже чем 360°C. Техническим ...

УГЛЕВОДОРОДНАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ

Углеводородные композиции содержат парафиновую масляную фракцию и 0,1 - 10000 мг на 1 кг масляной фракции полимерной присадки. В качестве присадки содержится смесь 1 - 90 мас.% в расчете на присадку линейного полимера монооксида углерода с одним или более олефинами, имеющими не менее 10 атомов углерода в молекуле, в котором чередуются элементарные звенья монооксида углерода и олефинов, с полимером по крайней мере одного н-алкилакрилата или смеси н-алкилметакрилатов, имеющих 8 - 30 атомов углерода в алкиле. 3 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл.

ДОБАВКА К БЕНЗИНУ НА ОСНОВЕ ЭТИЛОВОГО СПИРТА, ТОПЛИВНАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ

Изобретение описывает добавку к бензину на основе этилового спирта, которая дополнительно содержит смесь фуллеренов фракции С50-С92, метилбензол при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: смесь фуллеренов от 0,001 до 0,1; метилбензол от 0,1 до 10; этиловый спирт - остальное. Также раскрывается топливная композиция на основе бензина, содержащая указанную выше добавку. Технический результат заключается в получении добавки к автомобильному бензину, которая обладает высокими антидетонационными свойствами. 2 н.п. ф-лы, 2 табл.

ПРОТИВОТУРБУЛЕНТНАЯ ПРИСАДКА И СПОСОБ ЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к химии высокомолекулярных полимеров в составе добавок, используемых в сфере трубопроводного транспорта нефти и нефтепродуктов. Способ получения противотурбулентной присадки суспензионного типа в одну стадию на основе сверхвысокомолекулярных полиальфа-олефинов. В указанном способе полимеризация высших альфа-олефинов проводится в среде фторированных органических соединений на титанмагниевом катализаторе с добавлением электрон-донорного модификатора, с последующей заменой среды фторированных органических соединений на дисперсионную среду, содержащую антиагломератор, и представляющую собой высшие алифатические спирты, гликоли, их моно- и дизамещенные простые эфиры и их смеси. Синтез проводят при заданном соотношении компонентов системы. Противотурбулентная присадка содержит, мас.%: полиальфа-олефин (смесь полиальфа-олефинов) 10-40; дисперсионная среда 48-89,9; антиагломератор 0,1-12. 2 н. и 1 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ И СПОСОБ МОДИФИКАЦИИ РОСТА КРИСТАЛЛОВ ПАРАФИНА

Используются одна или более добавок для модификации свойства роста кристаллов парафина в маслах, полученных из животного или растительного материала. 2 с. и 9 з.п.ф-лы, 1 табл.

ТОПЛИВО ДЛЯ ИМПУЛЬСНОГО ДЕТОНАЦИОННОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ

Изобретение относится к топливу для импульсного детонационного двигателя на основе синтетического высокоплотного горючего Т-10, отличающемуся тем, что с целью повышения его детонационной активности в горючее дополнительно введен продетонатор - трет-бутилгидропероксид (% масс): горючее Т-10 99-99,3%; трет-бутилгидропероксид 0,7-1%. Технической задачей является создание топлива для импульсного детонационного двигателя с увеличенной чувствительностью к детонационному импульсу и улучшенными условиями его детонационного сжигания в камере импульсного детонационного двигателя при введении в него трет-бутилгидропероксида в качестве продетонатора.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЭФИРНОЙ ПРИСАДКИ К ГЛУБОКО ГИДРООЧИЩЕННОМУ ДИЗЕЛЬНОМУ ТОПЛИВУ

Изобретение относится к способу получения эфирной присадки, включающий смешение дикарбоновой кислоты со спиртом с получением воды, эфира и избыточного спирта с последующим отделением воды и спирта от эфира ректификацией, при этом в качестве кислоты используют щавелевую кислоту, а в качестве спирта-н-бутанол или 2-этилгексанол, при этом на смешение щавелевой кислоты со спиртом в качестве растворителя подают циклогексан, а ректификацию осуществляют в двух колоннах с получением в первой колонне растворителя-циклогексана, возвращаемого на стадию смешения с щавелевой кислотой и спиртом, и подачей остатка первой колонны во вторую с получением в ней спирта и целевого продукта-эфирной присадки. Способ позволяет упростить процесс и сделать его более экономичным путем исключения применения катализатора, стадий обработки реакционной массы агентом, разлагающим катализатор, стадий сорбции и фильтрации реакционной массы. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 1 ил.

Комплексная присадка к автомобильным бензинам

Изобретение раскрывает комплексную присадку к автомобильным бензинам для двигателей внутреннего сгорания с искровым зажиганием, включающую метил-трет-бутиловый эфир и изобутиловый спирт, характеризующуюся тем, что дополнительно содержит азотсодержащее ароматическое соединение ММА и антикоррозионную присадку DCI-11 при следующем соотношении компонентов: ИБС – 20-80 мас.%, ММА – 0,5 мас.%, антикоррозионная присадка DCI-11 – 0,015 мас.%, МТБЭ – остальное. Технический результат: повышение антидетонационных и антикоррозионных свойств присадки. 1 табл., 2 пр.

СОСТАВЫ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ УЛУЧШАЮЩИЕ СГОРАНИЕ ПРИСАДКИ, И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Изобретение относится к улучшающей сгорание присадке к бензину. Присадка включает органическое нитросоединение с энергией диссоциации связи C-NO2 от приблизительно 60 до приблизительно 80 ккал/моль соединения. Органическое нитросоединение выбрано из группы, состоящей из N-алкилнитроанилина; алкилнитроанизола; нитрата нитрофурфурила; алкилнитрофенола; N,N-диалкилнитроанилина и алкилнитробензола. При этом органическое нитросоединение не является нитротолуолом или динитротолуолом. Изобретение также относится к бензиновой композиции, включающей бензин и присадку, улучшающую сгорание. Присадку используют для улучшения эффективности сжигания бензина, улучшения продуктивности при сжигании бензина. При использовании присадки достигается повышение экономии бензина и снижение выбросов при сжигании композиции бензина. Увеличивается скорость сгорания при высокой температуре базового бензина, улучшаются свойства зажигания двигателя внутреннего сгорания искрового зажигания. Достигается уменьшение пропусков ...

ДЕПРЕССОРНАЯ ПРИСАДКА

Депрессорная присадка для снижения температуры застывания и вязкостных характеристик парафинистых и высокопарафинистых нефтей на основе полимера, отличающаяся тем, что присадка содержит продукт сополимеризации тяжелой пиролизной смолы (ТПС) с атактическим полирпопиленом (АПП), взятых в соотношении 10:(0,7-1,7), и алкилароматические углеводороды при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: Продукт сополимеризации ТПС с АПП - 45-55 Ароматические углеводороды - остальное ...

ПРОТИВОИЗНОСНАЯ ПРИСАДКА К ТОПЛИВАМ ДЛЯ РЕАКТИВНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

Изобретение описывает противоизносную присадку к топливам для реактивных двигателей на основе карбоновых кислот, характеризующуюся тем, что она содержит олеиновую кислоту с массовой долей основного вещества не менее 99%, агидол-1 и толуол при следующем соотношении компонентов, % масс.: олеиновая кислота с массовой долей основного вещества не менее 99% - 60,0-80,0, агидол-1 - 1,0-2,0, толуол - остальное. Технический результат заключается в расширении номенклатурного ряда присадок, улучшающих противоизносные свойства и не ухудшающих эксплуатационные и физико-химические свойства топлив для реактивных двигателей, на отечественной сырьевой базе при невысоких затратах на их производство. 3 табл.

Система приготовления этилированного авиационного бензина

Изобретение относится к системе приготовления этилированного авиационного бензина. Система содержит блок хранения базовой смеси в виде неэтилированного бензина, выполненный со средством перекачивания базовой смеси из емкости перевозчика, или канал для перекачивания базовой смеси из емкости перевозчика, или блок приготовления базовой смеси из углеводородных жидкостей для получения неэтилированного бензина, сообщенный через гидравлический насос с главным трубопроводом для подачи смеси в блок гомогенизации, выход которого сообщен с каналом выдачи готового этилированного авиационного бензина, блок подготовки корректора детонационных свойств в виде тетраэтилсвинца, включающий в себя по крайней мере один резервуар со средством перекачивания концентрированного тетраэтилсвинца из емкости перевозчика в этот резервуар и со средством его дозированной подачи через узел ввода в главный трубопровод на участке до входа в блок гомогенизации, блок подачи добавок, включающий в себя по крайней мере два дозатора ...

ПРИСАДКИ И ДОБАВКИ К НЕФТЕПРОДУКТАМ

Составы, включающие два или более сополимеров этилен/ненасыщенного эфира, отличающиеся содержанием в них эфира, улучшают низкотемпературные свойства жидких топлив.

Способ сжигани в паровой фазе и соединени дл реализации указанного способа II

... 1. Состав топлива, включающий: 1) улучшающее сгорание количество C1-C12 спиртов, причем указанное соединение или смесь соединений имеет скрытую теплоту парообразования не менее 21 кДж/моль при средней температуре кипения, и 2) улучшающее сгорание количество по меньшей мере одного не содержащего свинца металла или элемента, включая соединения, являющиеся его органическими и неорганическими производными, выбранного из группы, состоящей из Be, F, Si, P, S, Cl, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Те, J, Cs, Ba, Hf, Та, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Bi, Po, At, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md, No, Lr, Unq, Unp, Unh, Uns элементов Периодической системы элементов и их смесей, при этом указанный состав характеризуется тем, что имеет скорость ламинарного Бунзеновского пламени не менее 40 см/с. 2. Состав топлива, включающий: 1) улучшающее сгорание количество С1-C2 спиртов или их смесей и 2) улучшающее ...

ПОЛИМЕРЫ И АДДИТИВНЫЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ

Гомополимеры или сополимеры, полученные из одного или большего числа альфа-олефинов, имеющих среднечисленную мол. м. до 15000 и изотактичность 75% или выше, и их применение в качестве присадок, улучшающих холодное течение в сырой нефти, нефтяных топливах или смазочных маслах.

СТАБИЛИЗИРОВАННОЕ ПРОТИВ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ БИОДИЗЕЛЬНОЕ ТОПЛИВО

ТОПЛИВНАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ И ЕЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

... 1. Безсвинцовая топливная композиция, содержащая: (a) в качестве основной своей части смесь углеводородов в пределах кипения бензина и (b) небольшое количество смеси добавок, содержащей (i) одно или более соединений, имеющих формулу:Формула Iв которой Rи Rнезависимо обозначают водород, метильную, этильную, пропильную или бутильную группу при условии, что (а) если Rявляется водородом, то Rявляется метильной, этильной, пропильной или бутильной группой и (b) если Rявляется водородом, то Rявляется метильной, этильной, пропильной или бутильной группой;и(ii) один или более дициклопентадиенов.2. Топливная композиция по п.1, в которой указанная смесь добавок содержится в количестве от 0,01 до 5 мас.% от общей массы топлива.3. Топливная композиция по п.1, в которой компоненты (b) (i) и (b) (ii) присутствуют в смеси добавок в соотношениях в пределах от примерно 1:19 до примерно 4:3.4. Топливная композиция по п.1, в которой компоненты (b) (i) и (b) (ii) присутствуют в смеси добавок в соотношениях ...

ТОПЛИВНЫЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ

... 1. Способ уменьшения влияния моющей присадки на эксплуатационное качество хладотекучести в топливной композиции, содержащей дистиллятное топливо, моющую присадку и присадку, улучшающую хладотекучесть, который включает дополнительную композицию, выбранную из: ! (a) кислот и их смесей и ! (b) присадок, улучшающих смазывающую способность. ! 2. Способ улучшения эксплуатационного качества хдадотекучести в топливной композиции, содержащей дистиллятное топливо, моющую присадку и присадку, улучшающую хладотекучесть, который содержит дополнительную присадку, выбранную из: ! (a) кислот и их смесей и ! (b) присадок, улучшающих смазывающую способность. ! 3. Способ повышения концентрации моющей присадки в топливной композиции, содержащей дистиллятное топливо, моющую присадку и присадку, улучшающую хладотекучесть без ухудшения эксплуатационного качества хладотекучести композиции или с меньшей степенью ухудшения эксплуатационного качества хладотекучести, по сравнению с тем, которое могло быть вызвано ...

ПРИСАДКИ К ТОПЛИВУ, ТОПЛИВО ДЛЯ СИСТЕМ СГОРАНИЯ И СПОСОБ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ПОЛНОТЫ СГОРАНИЯ И ЭКОНОМИИ ТОПЛИВА

Описываются присадки к топливу, которые содержат определенные алифатические амины и алифатические спирты в парафиновом носителе, например, керосине. Присадки повышают полноту сгорания и экономию топлива и уменьшают количество загрязняющих и корродирующих веществ, образующихся в процессе горения.

Топливо для гиперзвукового прямоточного воздушно-реактивного двигателя

НОВЫЕ ДОБАВКИ К УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОМУ ТОПЛИВУ И РЕЦЕПТУРЫ ТОПЛИВ, ОБЛАДАЮЩИХ УЛУЧШЕННЫМИ СВОЙСТВАМИ ГОРЕНИЯ

... 1. Топливная добавка для углеводородных топлив, содержащая молекулу, имеющую сопряженную систему двойных связей между углеродными атомами и с количеством от 2 до 11 двойных связей. 2. Топливная добавка по п.1, дополнительно содержащая, по меньшей мере, одну концевую группу, содержащую цикл с от 5 до 8 атомов углерода ароматического, циклоалифатического, насыщенного или ненасыщенного фрагмента. 3. Топливная добавка по п.2, дополнительно содержащая, по меньшей мере, одну кислородсодержащую группу, замещенную, по меньшей мере, одной циклической концевой группой. 4. Топливная добавка по п.3, в которой кислородсодержащую группу выбирают из группы, состоящей из гидроксильных групп или кетогрупп, связанных с циклическим алифатическим насыщенным или ненасыщенным фрагментом. 5. Топливная добавка по п.3, дополнительно содержащая, по меньшей мере, одну метильную группу, связанную с группой, содержащей сопряженную двойную связь между углеродными атомами, с циклической концевой группой или с их комбинацией ...

СОСТАВ ТОПЛИВА

... 1. Состав топлива, содержащий в большем количестве карбюраторное топливо с содержанием серы максимально 150 ч./млн. по весу, а также в меньшем количестве по меньшей мере одну присадку с детергентным или тормозящим износ седел клапанов действием, содержащую, по меньшей мере, один гидрофобный углеводородный остаток со среднечисловым молекулярным весом (Mn) от 85 до 20000 и, по меньшей мере, одну полярную группировку, при этом состав топлива имеет содержание, по меньшей мере, одного С1-С3-моноалканола от 10 до 75 об.%. 2. Состав топлива по п.1, причем полярная группировка выбрана из группы, включающей (a) моно- или полиаминогруппы с числом атомов азота до 6, причем, по меньшей мере, один атом азота имеет основные свойства, (b) нитрогруппы, в случае необходимости, в комбинации с гидроксильными группами, (c) гидроксильные группы в комбинации с моно- или полиаминогруппами, причем, по меньшей мере, один атом азота имеет основные свойства, (d) карбоксильные группы или их соли щелочных или щелочноземельных ...

ЭМУЛЬСИОННАЯ ФАЗА, ОБЛАДАЮЩАЯ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ СТАБИЛЬНОСТЬЮ

... 1. Усовершенствованный способ получения стабильной эмульсионной фазы на основе полимерного эмульгатора, включающий (а) образование раствора соли-окислителя, (b) образование фазы органического горючего, которая содержит гомогенизирующую добавку, выбираемую из группы, состоящей из животных жиров и жирных кислот, в количестве, по меньшей мере, около 3% от массы фазы топлива, (с) смешивание фазы органического горючего и фазы раствора неорганической соли-окислителя в присутствии полимерного эмульгатора с достаточным сдвигом, чтобы образовать эмульсионную фазу, и затем, немедленно (или, если требуется, через некоторое время) (d) гомогенизацию эмульсионной фазы для увеличения ее вязкости. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором количество фазы органического горючего составляет от около 3% до около 12% от массы эмульсионной фазы. 3. Способ по п.2, в котором количество гомогенизирующей добавки составляет от около 3% до около 40% от массы фазы органического горючего. 4. Способ по п.1, в котором жирные кислоты ...

Способ получения депрессорной присадки

Изобретение относится к присадкам для нефтепродуктов, позволяет повысить эффективность присадки при использовании ее для улучшения текучести нефти и углеводородных фракций с т.кип, 185-360amp;deg;С. В предлагаемом способе получения депрес- сорной присадки смешением сополимера этилена с винилацетатом (СЭВА)с содержанием винилацетата (ВА) 28-33 мас.% и Изобретение относится к присадкам, используемым для улучшения текучести нефтепродуктов. Целью изобретения является повышение эффективности присадки при использовании ее для улучшения текучести нефти и углеводородных фракций с температурой кипения 185-360amp;deg;С. П р и м е р 1. Получение привитого сополимера. мол.м. (ММ) 10000-35000 с жидким носителем осуществляют привитую полимеризацию смеси сложных эфиров метакриловой кислоты на СЭВА с содержанием В А 28-33 мас.% и ММ 10000-35000 в растворе инертного органического растворителя в присутствии перекисного инициатора при массовом соотношении смеси сложных эфиров метакриловой кислоты и СЭВА ( ...

Состав топлива

Использование: в топливах. Сущность изобретения: топливо на основе среднеди- стиллятного топлива, выкипающего в интервале 120-500 град. С, дополнительно содержит 0,005-0,15% сополимера простого Ci-Сю-алкилвинилового эфира с Ci2 Cis-дималеатом или -дифумаратом, или с малеиновой или фумаровой кислотой, или с их ангидридом, этерифицированных Ci2 С18-алкиловым спиртом. 4 табл.

ÖLZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN

Polyetheramidzusatz enthaltende Kohlenwasserstoffzusammensetzungen

ETHYLEN-ALPHA-OLEFIN-BLOCK-COPOLYMERE UND VERFAHREN ZU IHERER HERSTELLUNG

BRENNSTOFFZUSATZ-ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN, DIE POLY(OXYALYLEN)-HYDROXYAROMATISCHE ÄTHER UND ALIPHATISCHE AMINE ENTHALTEN

Dieselkraftstoff

Use of decommissioned TNT in engine fuels - added in amt. of 0.1 per cent in petrol or 0.5 per cent in diesel, or replacing methyl butyl ether in super-grade petrol, giving 10 per cent consumption saving

Decommissioned trinitrotoluene (TNT) is utilised by dissolving it in a solvent (pref. acetone) and adding the soln. to fuels in such an amt. that no harmful materials enter the engine. USE/ADVANTAGE - In claimed embodiments TNT from decommissioned munitions is added in an amt. of 0.5% to diesel fuel or 0.1% to lead-free petrol for injection engines or is used as a replacement for methyl butyl ether (MTBE) in super-grade petrol. Tests carried out with a 115 HP passenger car travelling 5-10 km. at 80, 90, 100 and 120 km/hr. show a petrol consumption saving of ca. 10% when 0.1% TNT is added.

VERWENDUNG VON BRENNSTOFFZUSÄTZEN ZUR REDUZIERUNG VON VENTILVERKLEBUNG IN EINEM OTTO-MOTOR

Schmieroelzusaetze

Polyisobutylenbernsteinsäureimide Detergens enthaltende Brennstoffzusammensetzungen

SUCCINIMIDVERBINDUNGEN UND DEREN VERWENDUNG

Verfahren zur Herstellung symmetrischer oder unsymmetrischer aliphatischer, ditertiaerer Peroxyde

Treibstoff

KRAFTSTOFFGEMISCH.

KRAFT- ODER SCHMIERSTOFFZUSAMMENSETZUNG, ENTHALTEND POLYBUTYL- ODER POLYISOBUTYLDERIVATE.

... (A) Esters and (poly)alkoxylates of polybutyl or polyisobutyl alcohol of formula R-CH2-O-R' (I) are new, where R = polybutyl or polyisobutyl gp. derived from isobutene and up to 20 wt.% n-butene, R' = acyl, or R'0 = (poly)alkoxylate. (B) Fuel or lubricant compsns. contain polybutyl or polyisobutyl alcohol(s) of formula R-CH2OH (II) where R = as above, or a (poly)alkoxylate or ester thereof. In (A), the acyl gp. R' is derived from an (un)satd., aliphatic or aromatic, (a)cyclic, mono- or polycarboxylic acid; and the (poly)alkoxylate gp., R'0 = -(-0-(CH2)n)-)m-OH (III), n = 2-8, m = 1-200. In (B) the polyalkoxylate is defined as in (A).

ERDALKALIMETALLALKYLPHENOLATE, IHRE GESCHWEFELTEN DERIVATE, IHRE HERSTELLUNG UND IHRE VERWENDUNG.

Korrosionsschutzmittel

MANGANHALTIGER TREIBSTOFF

KORROSIONSSCHUTZZUSAETZE FUER SCHMIERSTOFFE UND KRAFTSTOFFE

Zusammensetzungen und ihre Verwendung als Additiv zur Verbesserung der Kaltfliesseigenschaften von Mitteldestillaten, sowie Brennstofföl enthaltend diese Zusammensetzungen

Rostinhibitorgemisch fuer Kohlenwasserstoffdestillate

Schmiermittel fuer Kurbelgehaeuse von Verbrennungskraftmaschinen

Reibungsabänderungszusätze für Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen und Verfahren zu deren Verwendung

ORI-GEHEMMTE MOTORKRAFTSTOFFZUSAMMENSETZUNG.

Kraftstoff

POLYMERE AUS OLEFINEN UND ALKENYLALKYLATEN UND IHRE VERWENDUNG ALS MULTIFUNKTIONELLE KRAFT- UND BRENNSTOFFZUSÄTZE

Zusaetze zu Schmiermitteln

Äthylen-alpha-Olefinpolymer-Derivate, verwendbar als multifunktionaler Viskositätsindexverbesserer.

Korrosionsschutzmittel, insbesondere zur Verwendung in Kohlenwasserstoffen, die mit Metalloberflaechen in Beruehrung stehen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polymeren auf Ethylenbasis mit niedrigem Molekulargewicht

Korrosionsschutzmittel fuer Mitteldestillate,insbesondere Heizoele und Dieselkraftstoffe

Brennstoff- und Schmiermittelgemische

2, 6-Dicyclooctyl-p-kresol und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Verfahren zur Herstellung von oelloeslichen Mischpolymerisaten auf Basis von Acrylsaeureestern

Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Kaltfliesseigenschaften von Brennstoffölen

SCHWEFELARME MINERALOLDESTILLATE MIT VERBESSERTEN KÄLTEEIGENSCHAFTEN, UMFASSEND EINEN ESTER EINES ALKOXYLIERTEN POLYOLS UND EIN COPOLYMER AUS ETHYLEN UND UNGESÄTTIGTEN ESTERN

Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften

NIEDRIGVISKOSES, HOCHKONZENTRIERTES MITTEL ZUR REDUZIERUNG DES STRÖMUNGSWIDERSTANDES UND VERFAHREN DAZU

ZUSÄTZE FÜR ÖLZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN

Treibstoffzusatz

Terpolymerisate des Ethylens, ihre Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Additive für Mineralöldestillate

Verfahren zur Verbesserung (Raffination) von Treibstoffen und Destillatheizoelen

Cold-stabilized fatty acid composition useful as a lubricity additive for middle distillates includes a copolymer comprising dicarboxylic acid ester, anhydride or imide units and (meth)acrylate or vinyl ester units

Cold-stabilized fatty acid composition comprises: (a) a mixture of saturated and unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acids with 6-50 carbon atoms; and (b) a copolymer comprising dicarboxylic acid ester, anhydride or imide units and (meth)acrylate or vinyl ester units. Cold-stabilized fatty acid composition comprises: (a) 10-99.9 wt.% of a fatty acid mixture comprising 1-99 wt.% saturated and 1-99 wt.% unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acids with 6-50 carbon (C) atoms; and (b) 0.01-90 wt.% of a copolymer comprising 40-60 mole% units of formula (Ia) or (Ib), 40-60 mole% units of formula (II) and 0-20 mole% of poly(3-5C olefin) units containing a total of 35-350 C atoms. [Image] -H 2C-CR 2>R 3>- (II) X : O or NR 1>; a, b : 0 or 1; a+b : 1; R 1>10-40C alkyl or alkenyl or alkoxylated 1-30C alkyl with 1-100 alkoxy units; R 2>H or Me; R 3>OCOR 4> or COOR 4>; R 4>1-24C alkyl. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) A solution comprising the fatty acid composition and 1-80 wt ...

Fuels for petrol engines - contg fatty acid amides and esters to reduce carburettor deposits

The fuels contain as detergent materials (A) diamides from 12-20C fatty acids and polyamines with 2-6C and 2-4N atoms, and (B) esters from 12-20C fatty acids and ethanol- or propanolamine. Pref. they also contain (C) a steric-hindered phenol contg. bulky alkyl substits. as anti-oxidant, and (D) residual oils from nonanol and decanol synthesis by the OXO process, as solvent modifiers for (A) and (C) and upper lubricants. Amt. of (A+B) or (A+B+C) is pref. 20-2000 (50-500) ppm. Ratio of (A); (B) (C) is pref. from 1:1:8 to 8:1:1 and of (A+B+C) : (D) is from 9:1 to 1:9. The additives prevent gum and resin deposits in carburetorrs, which interfere with the fine adjustments required for complete combustion and minimum hydrocarbon and CO contents in the exhaust gases.

Antiklopfmittel fuer fluessige Treibstoffe

Fuel composition and blend

Deactivatable biocides for hydrocarbonaceous products

A fuel additive compositions for stabilising blends of ethanol and a hydrocarbon

FUEL OIL ADDITIVES

... 1377927 Fuel additive DREW CHEMICAL CORP 6 April 1973 [10 April 1972] 16669/73 Heading C5G An additive for vanadium-containing fuel oils comprises (a) a fuel oil-soluble compound of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sr, Ba or mixture thereof, and (b) a fuel oil-soluble compound of Zr or Ti, the components (a) and (b) being present in an amount to provide a weight ratio of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sr, Ba or mixtures thereof to Zr or Ti of from 2 : 1 to 15 : 1. A large number of compounds are given including the sulphonates, carboxylic acid salts, carbonyls, phenates, metalloporphyrines and metallocenes. The components (a) and (b) are dissolved in a liquid oil carrier and added to the fuel, e.g. marine diesel fuel, which also contain amines as stabilizers.

Improvements in and relating to fuel oils

Oil-soluble petroleum sulphonates are derived from non-paraffinic oils, particularly naphthenic oils, by sulphonation with sulphuric acid, oleum, chlorosulphonic acid, sulphur trioxide or mixtures thereof, removing the sludge and neutralizing the acid-treated oil with sodium hydroxide or other alkali hydroxide such as potassium, lithium, rubidium or casium hydroxide. The alkali solution formed is extracted with alcohol and the alcohol layer distilled to recover the sulphonates, which may be purified by mixing with a light hydrocarbon, such as a highly paraffinic hydrocarbon having a boiling range of 100-260 DEG F. and distilling the hydrocarbon layer; alternatively, the sulphonic acids may be separated from the acid sludge, treated with the aqueous alcohol, the alcohol solution mixed with the paraffinic hydrocarbon and the mixture then neutralized. Specifications 587,624, [Group III], and 613,424 and U.S.A. Specifications 2,236,933, 2,334,532, 2,357,866, 2,368,452, 2,395,713, 2,406,763, ...

Improvements in or relating to pulse jet engine fuel

A pulse jet engine fuel, the use of which prolongs the life of the flow check valves of a hydrocarbon base fuel stock, which boils at or below 400 DEG F, and which contains at least 50 per cent by volume of normal paraffins, together with between 0.01 and 5 per cent by volume, based on the fuel, of an organic material chosen from the group of substances mentioned hereinafter dissolved or colloidally suspended in the hydrocarbon base fuel stock, this organic material boiling above 400 DEG F, having a minimum solubility of 0.01 per cent by weight in normal heptane of 0 DEG F, and having a maximum Conrodson carbon of 1 per cent by weight. The organic material is chosen from the group consisting of kerosene, gas oils, white mineral oil, heavy hydrocarbon alkylates, olefinic polymers, polyorganosiloxanes, esters of dibasic acids, acrylic acid polymers, triethanolamine, ethylene oxide polymers, hydrogenated diolefinic polymers, sulphurized olefinic polymers and phosphate esters. Examples of olefinic ...

MOTOR FUEL COMPOSITION

... 1383273 Partial esters of hydroxyethylated propanediamine TEXACO DEVELOPMENT CORP 3 April 1973 [26 April 1972] 15782/73 Heading C2C [Also in Division C5] Compounds of formula where R = a C 8 -C 20 aliphatic hydrocarbon radical and R1 = hydrogen or an acyl radical derived from C 8 -C 20 fatty acids and either one or two of the R1 radicals are acyl are made by treating the hydroxy ethyl precursor with fatty acids in the presence of p-toluene sulphonic acid and xylene solvent.

CRUDE & FUEL OIL COMPOSITIONS

Improvements relating to fuel for internal combustion engines

To permit of the use of lower compression pressures and temperatures and higher speeds of rotation in aero engines in which ignition is effected by compression, two or more primers including an igniting primer and an exploding primer are added to a non-volatile fuel oil such as shale oil. An igniting primer is one for which the temperature of spontaneous ignition in air is lower than for the fuel oil. One of the primers may have a higher spontaneous ignition temperature than the fuel oil. One or more of the primers may be added in solution e.g. as a solution in fuel oil, and the exploding primer may be dissolved in the igniting primer and the solution added to the fuel oil. Substances specified are, for the igniting primer ethyl nitrate, methyl nitrate, and for the exploding primer ethyl nitrate, organic peroxides such as benzoyl peroxide and amylene peroxide, picric acid, dinitrobenzene, trinitroglycerine, hexamethylene triperoxide-diamine, trinitrotoluene. Specific examples are methyl ...

Improvements in the production of fuels for internal combustion engines

Motor spirit is obtained by emulsifying an explosive such as nitroglycerine, nitro-guanidine, nitrocellulose, trinitrophenol or trinitrotoluene in vegetable oil, and dissolving the emulsion in an alcohol or other solvent or solvents which is or some of which are fuels. The explosive may first be dissolved in alcohol, acetone, acetic acid, or other solvent, the solution emulsified with the vegetable oil, and this solvent removed before solution of the emulsion in the fuel. Nitrobenzene, acetone, ether or other suitable substance may be added. Vegetable oils specified are castor, cottonseed, linseed, soya-bean, peanut, rice, grain, poppy, olive, hemp, colza, tomato seed, raisin seed, sesame and walnut oils. In an example, a solution of 100 kg. of nitro-guanidine in 300 kg. of commercially pure acetone is emulsified with 100 kg. of castor oil, and the acetone is removed by evaporation. 8 lb. of the resulting emulsion, 70 lb. of petrol, 10 lb. of ethyl alcohol, 10 lb. of acetone, and 2 lb.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS & USE AS FUEL ADDITIVES

OIL ADDITIVES AND COMPOSITIONS

POLYMER COMPOSITIONS

Gasoline Compositions containing Nickel or Cobalt Salts of Organo Phosphates

... 1,162,597. Additives for gasoline. SINCLAIR RESEARCH Inc. 30 Aug., 1967 [6 Sept., 1966], No. 39579/67. Headings C5F and C5G A hydrocarbon gasoline contains 0À5-10 volume per cent, based on said gasoline, of a neutral mineral oil of viscosity 7-510 centistokes at 38‹ C. containing up to 30 volume per cent of naphthalene hydrocarbons, at least 60 volume per cent of paraffin hydrocarbons and up to 6 volume per cent of aromatic hydrocarbons, and a gasoline soluble Ni or Co salt of a phosphorus compound, of the formula wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical of up to 30 carbon atoms, R1 is H or R and X is O or S, in amount sufficient to provide 31À4-630 mg. of metal per 1000 litres of gasoline. The salt can be added to the gasoline as a solution in the neutral oil which can be diluted with benzene, toluene or xylene. A suitable gasoline boils in the range 38-218‹ C. and contains 0À25- 1À6 c.c./l. of tetraethyl lead, ethylene dichloride and/or ethylene dibromide, and oxidation inhibitors.

COMPOUNDS USEFUL IN OLEAGINOUS COMPOSITIONS

Fuel compositions

ADDITIVE CONCENTRATE FOR USE WITH GASOLINES

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

... 1,269,744. Fuels. LUBRIZOL CORP. 25 Feb., 1970 [3 March, 1969], No. 9108/70. Heading C5G. A liquid fuel additive comprises (1) at least one oil-soluble ashless dispersant (e.g. alkenyl succinic acid/polyamine reaction products) (2) at least one oil-soluble ammonium or amine salt of a sulphonic acid and (3) at least one oil-soluble polyether (e.g. polyethylene- and polypropyleneoxides), the weight ratio of 1:2:3 3 being 100 : 0À25-25 : 0À25-25. The fuel may be gasoline, kerosene or fuel oil. The composition may also contain hydrocarbons e.g. benzene, xylene, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane or cyclopentane and chlorinated hydrocarbons e.g. chlorobenzene.

Fuels for internal combustion engines and compositions for the production of such fuels

A fuel for internal combustion engines comprises hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range containing a minor proportion of a tetraalkyl lead and a minor proportion of a mixture of a halohydrocarbon scavenger and up to 0.3 theories of an organic derivative of an oxyacid, a hydride or an oxide of phosphorus, which derivative contains at least one aryl radical attached either directly or through an oxygen atom to the phosphorus atom, the ratio of theories of halohydrocarbon scavenger to theories of the phosphorus compound lying between 3 : 2 and 15 : 1. The halohydrocarbon scavenger may be ethylene dibromide or dichloride, acetylene tetrabromide, hexachloropropylene or the mono- or polyhalo propanes, butanes, pentanes or alkyl benzenes. More than one such compound may be employed. The organic derivatives of phosphorus include the mono- and di-esters of phosphoric and phosphorous acids in which at least one ester group is aryl; the aryl esters of phosphonic, phosphonous, phosphinic and phosphinous ...

LOW POUR POINT OIL COMPOSITIONS

... 1431986 Crude oil compositions TEXACO DEVELOPMENT CORP 21 May 1973 [21 June 1972] 24023/73 Heading C5E A waxy crude oil of high pour point but low sulphur content is blended with 2 to 20% (weight) of a residuum high in asphaltenes and 0À01 to 0À5% (weight) of a copolymer of ethylene and a vinyl ester, particularly vinyl acetate. The blend has a low pour point, making it suitable for transport by pipeline.

Biofuel containing levoglucosone and its production process from cellulose or starch using as a solvent a mixture of an ionic liquid and an alkyl alcohol

The product Biofuel is presented as a motor fuel consisting of levoglucosone pure or mixed with ethanol and or hydrocarbons. Its production process from cellulose or starch uses in the first step, as a solvent and catalyst, a mixture of an alkyl alcohol, the ionic liquid N-alkyl imidazole hydrochloride and a small quantity of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid. In the second step, levoglucosone is extracted with butanol. As butanol also extracts some N-alkyl imidazole, this is washed out by extraction with hydrochloric acid. Levoglucosone was identified by elemental analysis, NMR C13 and H and GC-MS.

Acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds and use thereof as additives in fuels and lubricants

The present invention relates to novel acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive, as a wax antisettling additive (WASA) or as an additive for reducing internal diesel injector deposits (IDID); to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these acid-free quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.

Universal Synthetic Penetrating Lubricant, Method and Product-by-Process

A penetrating lubricant with the capacity to offer a both penetration into rust and corrosion. Further, this lubricant actively penetrates the crystalline surface of the metal while exhibiting extreme pressure lubrication, non-migrating with lasting protection. Further lubricant exhibits dielectric strength of over 8000 volts, at the same time cleaning electrical contacts, thereby reducing resistance and associated heat. The preferred embodiment may contain alpha-olefins, low-odor aromatic solvents, base oils, and high flash mineral spirits.

Synergistic Combination of a Hindered Phenol and Nitrogen Containing Detergent for Biodiesel Fuel to Improve Oxidative Stability

The present invention provides a fuel composition comprising a C1-4 alkyl fatty acid ester, a nitrogen containing detergent, and a phenolic antioxidant. Additionally, the present invention provides for a method of supplying to an internal combustion engine (i) a C1-4 alkyl fatty acid ester; (ii) a fuel which is a liquid at room temperature other than (i); (iii) a nitrogen containing detergent; (iv) and a phenolic antioxidant.

Composition to improve cold flow properties of fuel oils

The present invention describes a composition comprising at least one polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight Mn of from 1000 to 10000 g/mol and a polydispersity Mw/Mn of from 1 to 8 and at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue. The composition is useful as cold flow improver in fossil fuel oil and or biodiesel fuel oil.

High lubricity fuel reformulation to increase mileage and reduce emissions

A fuel additive imparting high lubricity to gasoline and diesel fuels while concurrently increasing miles and reducing emissions. The fuel additive is formed of a plurality of individual components having individual and a combined synergistic effect along with components increasing fuel lubricity which are mixed with a liquid fuel-soluble carrier and added to the fuel supply of internal combustion engines.

Fuel Additives Effectively Improving Fuel Economy

Enhanced fuel combustion within the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines which results in improved fuel economy is obtained by adding fuel additives to the gasoline or diesel. Consequently, the fuel additives reduce pollution of hydrocarbon in environment. The fuel additives are combination of aliphatic oxygenates, monocyclic aromatic compound, and petroleum ether. The aliphatic oxygenates may be methanol, acetone, or a mixture of methanol and acetone. The monocyclic aromatic compounds may be toluene, xylene, or a mixture of toluene and xylene. This invention further relates to the method that manufactures the fuel additives.

Nano-sized zinc oxide particles for fuel

A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

Fuel additives to maintain optimum injector performance

A diesel fuel additive package, diesel fuel containing the additive and methods for operating an engine on the diesel fuel and additive. The fuel additive includes a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The reaction product contains at least one amino triazole group. Component (2) of the additive is a hydrocarbyl succinimide dispersant. The additive also includes (3) a C 2 to C 10 alkyl alcohol; and (4) optionally, a lubricity additive. In the additive, a weight ratio of component (1) to component (2) in the fuel ranges from about 1:3 to about 1:5.

Method

A method for producing leafy biomass from undifferentiated plant cells, the method comprising providing undifferentiated plant cells, contacting them with an agent that promotes differentiation of the cells into leafy tissue and growing the cells in a temporary liquid immersion culture system. This method of the invention may be used to produce polypeptides, and natural medicinal products, and can be used to capture carbon dioxide. A method of producing a polypeptide in plant cells in vitro comprising: providing undifferentiated plant cells containing chloroplasts that carry a transgenic nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide, wherein the plant cells display homoplastomy; and propagating the cells according to the above method to produce leafy biomass containing the polypeptide.

Fuel composition comprising a nitrogen-containing compound

A fuel additive concentrate comprising at least one aryl amine; and at least one metal-containing compound is disclosed. In an aspect, the fuel additive concentrate can be synergistic. Fuel composition comprising the fuel additive concentration and methods of combusting the fuel composition are also disclosed. Moreover, methods of enhancing research octane number, increasing fuel economy, and reducing the carbon footprint of a vehicle are also disclosed.

Fuel compositions and fuel thickeners, including monoglycerides

Various aspects of the present invention generally relate to the field of rheologically modified fuels, including hydrocarbon, hydrophobic, and/or liquid fuels such as alkane-based odorless mineral spirits, paraffin oil and biofuels such as mono-alkyl esters of medium to long chain (C 8 -C 18 ) fatty acids, that have been thickened or gelled, e.g., by precipitation of fatty acid monoglycerides such as glyceryl monostearate and glyceryl monopalmitate. A thickened fire lighting fuel composition is described in some embodiments which includes a hydrocarbon- or alkyl ester-based hydrophobic liquid fuel, and an effective amount of at least one saturated fatty acid monoglyceride. The monoglyceride may be thermo-precipitated in certain instances in the fuel composition causing a substantial increase in the viscosity of the fuel composition.

Process for operating a utility boiler and methods therefor

A process for operating a utility boiler. The process has the following steps: (a) providing fuel to the boiler; (b) providing one or more additives selected from the group consisting of (i) one or more slag control agents, (ii) one or more oxygen-generating agents, (iii) one or more acid mitigation agents, (iv) one or more fouling prevention agents, (v) one or more oxidizer agents, (vi) one or more heavy metal capturing agents, and (vii) any combination of the foregoing to the boiler or an auxiliary device thereof; (c) providing air to the boiler; (d) burning the fuel in the boiler to generate heat and an exhaust gas; (e) intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more physical and/or chemical parameters of the fuel and/or intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more emissions variables of the exhaust gas to obtain one or more values therefor; and (f) varying or maintaining the rate at which either or both of the fuel and the one or more additives are provided to the boiler based on the one or more values obtained.

LIQUID COAGULANT AND TIRE PUNCTURE SEALING MATERIAL SET

Disclosed is a liquid coagulant which can be injected into the inside of a tire without the need of removing the tire from a rim and which can prevent the scattering of a residue of a tire puncture sealing material when the tire is removed from the rim. The liquid coagulant can coagulate an emulsion that contains a natural rubber latex and/or a synthetic resin emulsion. The liquid coagulant contains a foaming agent capable of foaming the emulsion. 1. A liquid coagulant for coagulating an emulsion containing a natural rubber latex and/or a synthetic resin emulsion ,comprising a blowing agent for foaming the emulsion.2. The liquid coagulant according to claim 1 , wherein said blowing agent is a reactive blowing agent using a urethane resin and/or an acrylic resin having two or more carboxy groups and a hydrogencarbonate salt.3. The liquid coagulant according to claim 1 , wherein said blowing agent is a reactive blowing agent using a polyisocyanate compound.4. The liquid coagulant according to claim 1 , wherein said synthetic resin emulsion is at least one selected from the group consisting of an ethylene vinyl acetate emulsion claim 1 , an acrylic emulsion claim 1 , and a urethane emulsion.5. The liquid coagulant according to claim 1 , further comprising an antifreezing agent.6. The liquid coagulant according to claim 5 , wherein said antifreezing agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol claim 5 , propylene glycol claim 5 , diethylene glycol claim 5 , glycerin claim 5 , methanol claim 5 , ethanol claim 5 , and isopropyl alcohol.7. The liquid coagulant according to claim 1 , wherein said emulsion is a tire puncture sealant which further contains an antifreezing agent.8. The liquid coagulant according to claim 7 , wherein said antifreezing agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol claim 7 , propylene glycol claim 7 , diethylene glycol claim 7 , glycerin claim 7 , methanol claim 7 , ethanol claim 7 , ...

Thermally Robust Capsule System, And Composites Including The Capsules

A method of making capsules includes forming a mixture including a core liquid, a polyurethane precursor system, a first component of a two-component poly(urea-formaldehyde) precursor system, and a solvent. The method further includes emulsifying the mixture, adding a second component of the two-component poly(urea-formaldehyde) precursor system to the emulsified mixture, and maintaining the emulsified mixture at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form a plurality of capsules that encapsulate at least a portion of the core liquid. The capsules made by the method may include a polymerizer in the capsules, where the capsules have an inner capsule wall including a polyurethane, and an outer capsule wall including a poly(urea-formaldehyde). The capsules may include in the solid polymer matrix of a composite material. 1. A method of making capsules , comprising: a core liquid,', 'a polyurethane precursor system,', 'a first component of a two-component poly(urea-formaldehyde) precursor system, and', 'a solvent;, 'forming a mixture comprising'}emulsifying the mixture;adding a second component of the two-component poly(urea-formaldehyde) precursor system to the emulsified mixture; andmaintaining the emulsified mixture at a temperature and for a time sufficient to form a plurality of capsules that encapsulate at least a portion of the core liquid.2. The method of claim 1 , where the core liquid is selected from the group consisting of a polymerizer and an activator for a polymerizer.3. The method of claim 1 , where the polyurethane precursor system comprises a polyisocyanate and a first polyol;the first component of the two-component poly(urea-formaldehyde) precursor system comprises urea, a base, a second polyol and an anhydride; andthe second component of the two-component poly(urea-formaldehyde) precursor system comprises formaldehyde.4. The method of claim 3 , where the first and second polyol are identical.5. The method of claim 1 , where the solvent comprises ...

Fuel additive for improved performance of low sulfur diesel fuels

A diesel fuel, diesel fuel additive concentrate and method for improving the performance of fuel injectors for a diesel engine are provided. The diesel fuel includes a major amount of middle distillate fuel having a sulfur content of 15 ppm by weight or less; and a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, wherein the reaction product contains less than one equivalent of an amino triazole group per molecule of reaction product, and wherein the reaction product is present in an amount sufficient to improve the performance of diesel direct and/or indirect fuel injectors.

FUEL ADDITIVES WITH IMPROVED MISCIBILITY AND REDUCED TENDENCY TO FORM EMULSIONS

This invention relates to an additive package containing an organic solvent, a detergent additive and a reaction product mixture obtained by reacting a carboxylic acid compound of formula (I): RCOORwith an alkanol amine of formula (II): NHRRto form a reaction product containing a polysubstituted alkanol amine derivative, where the reaction is performed by: 1. An additive package , comprising:an organic solvent;a detergent additive; and [{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2, 'RCOOR\u2003\u2003(I);'}, {'br': None, 'sup': 3', '4, 'NHRR\u2003\u2003(II),'}], 'a reaction product mixture, obtained by reacting a carboxylic acid compound of formula (I) with an alkanol amine of formula (II) to form a reaction product comprising a poly-substituted alkanol amine derivativewherein:{'sup': '1', 'sub': 1', '30, 'Ris an aliphatic C-C-hydrocarbon radical;'}{'sup': '2', 'Ris hydrogen or alkyl, mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, or ammonium;'}{'sup': 3', '4, 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'sub': 2', 'x', 'y', '2', 'z, 'sup': '5', '—[(CH)NH](CH)R\u2003\u2003(III);'}, 'Rand Rindependently of each other represent hydrogen or a residue of formula (III){'sup': 3', '4, 'Rand Rare not both hydrogen atoms;'}x and z are independently from each other integers from 1 to 6;y is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3;{'sup': '5', 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'sub': 2', 'z′, '—NH(CH)OH\u2003\u2003(IV);'}, 'Ris hydroxyl or a residue of formula (IV)z′ is an integer from 1 to 6; andthe reaction is performed by:(a) heating the carboxylic acid of formula (I) to a first temperature in a first temperature range of 100 to 155° C.;(b) adding thereto the alkanol amine of formula (II) under controlled conditions avoiding an increase of temperature above the first temperature range;(c) maintaining temperature in the first temperature range; and(d) increasing the temperature of the reaction mixture to a second temperature in a second temperature range of 160 to 210° C. and allowing further reaction of residual free carboxylic acid molecules with ...

POLYMER COMPOSITIONS

The invention provides a composition comprising at least the following: A) a thermoplastic polyurethane; B) an elastomer; C) a polydiene-based polyurethane or a polydiol-based polyurethane; D) a polyoctenamer; and E) a resin selected from the group consisting of the following: i) an indene-coumarone resin, ii) an aromatic hydrocarbon resin, and iii) an aliphatically modified aromatic hydrocarbon resin. 1. A composition comprising at least the following:A) a thermoplastic polyurethane;B) an elastomer;C) a polydiene-based polyurethane or a polydiol-based polyurethane;D) a polyoctenamer; and i) an indene-coumarone resin,', 'ii) an aromatic hydrocarbon resin, and', 'iii) an aliphatically modified aromatic hydrocarbon resin., 'E) a resin selected from the group consisting of the following2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the elastomer of Component B is selected from the group consisting of the following: an elastomeric rubber claim 1 , an ethylene/α-olefin/diene interpolymer claim 1 , an ethylene/α-olefin interpolymer claim 1 , and an ethylene/α-olefin multi-block interpolymer.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the elastomer of Component B is a butadiene/styrene copolymer.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the butadiene/styrene copolymer is a butadiene/styrene block copolymer.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein Component C is a polydiene-based polyurethane.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein Component C is a polydiol-based polyurethane.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein Component E is an indene-coumarone resin.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein Component E is an aromatic hydrocarbon resin.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein Component E is an aliphatically modified aromatic hydrocarbon resin.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyurethane of Component A is present in an amount from 10 to 90 claim 1 , preferably from 20 to 80 claim 1 , more preferably from 30 to 70 claim 1 , and even more preferably from 40 to 60 weight ...

Dye-stable biofuel blend compositions

The disclosure relates to a dye-stable furnace fuel composition comprising: about 10 to 99 parts by volume of a mineral oil component having an effective boiling range from about 160° C. to about 380° C.; about 1 to 90 parts by volume of a biocomponent fuel component comprising C 1 -C 5 alkyl esterified fatty acids from renewable sources; one or more azo dye components present in an amount from about 0.5 mg/kg to about 5 mg/kg, relative to the total fuel composition; and a tert-butyl-functionalized hydroquinone antioxidant component present in an amount of at least about 50 vppm, relative to the fuel composition, wherein the fuel composition exhibits an increased dye stability, relative to a fuel composition having similar mineral oil and biocomponent fuel components and identical azo dye component(s), but having a different or no antioxidant component.

Synergistic mixture

A synergistic mixture comprising from 1 to 99.9% by weight of compounds having structural elements (I) in which the free valencies on the oxygen atom and on the nitrogen atom may be combined to form a five-, six- or seven-membered ring and the benzene ring may also bear substituents at one or more of the free positions, and from 0.1 to 99% by weight of sulfur-containing organic compounds with antioxidant action. This synergistic mixture is suitable as a stabilizer for stabilizing inanimate organic material, especially mineral oil products and fuels, against the action of light, oxygen and heat.

QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems. 1. A fuel composition comprising , in a majority of a customary fuel , a proportion of at least one reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound , or a fraction thereof which comprises a quaternized nitrogen compound and is obtained from the reaction product by purification , said reaction product being obtainable bya) reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound with a compound comprising at least one oxygen or nitrogen group reactive, especially capable of addition or condensation, with the polycarboxylic acid, and comprising at least one quaternizable amino group, to obtain a quaternizable hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound, andb) subsequent reaction thereof with a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group, said quaternizing agent being the alkyl ester of a cycloaromatic or cycloaliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid, especially of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid, or of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, especially dicarboxylic acid.2. A fuel composition comprising , in a majority of a customary fuel , a proportion of at least one reaction product ...

Method and Matrix for Enhancing Growth Media

The invention relates to a growth media comprising a hydrophilic polyurethane polymer matrix containing particulate inclusions. The invention also relates to a method of providing the growth media. 1. A matrix for enhancing growth , comprisinga hydrophilic polyurethane foam;particulate inclusions having an ignition temperature greater than approximately 400° C.; andwherein the particulate inclusions are distributed throughout the polyurethane foam.2. The matrix according to claim 1 , wherein said particulate inclusions are selected from the group consisting of paulownia biomass claim 1 , charred pine biomass claim 1 , charred peanut biomass claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The matrix according to claim 2 , wherein said particulate inclusions are charred pine biomass comprising between approximately 12 and approximately 15 weight percent of the matrix.4. The matrix according to claim 2 , wherein said particulate inclusions are charred peanut biomass comprising between approximately 10 and approximately 12 weight percent of the matrix.5. The matrix according to claim 2 , wherein said particulate inclusions are paulownia biomass comprising between approximately 13 and approximately 20 weight percent of the matrix.6. The matrix according to claim 1 , wherein said particulate inclusions have an ignition temperature greater than 450° C.7. The matrix according to claim 1 , wherein said particulate inclusions have an ignition temperature greater than 500° C.8. The matrix according to claim 1 , further comprising a surfactant of approximately 1 weight percent of the matrix.9. The matrix according to claim 1 , further comprising a citric acid of approximately 0.31 weight percent of the matrix.10. The matrix according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer is selected to give a foam density after reaction of between about 60 kg/mand about 120 kg/m.11. A method of providing a matrix for enhancing growth claim 1 , comprising the steps of:providing a ...

POLYISOCYANATE MIXTURES

The invention relates to novel solvent-free, monomer-depleted polyisocyanate mixtures, and to the use thereof for producing light-resistant and weather-resistant polyurethane bodies with high optical refraction and low optical dispersion. 1. Solvent-free , low-monomer polyisocyanate mixtures A) having a content of isocyanate groups of from 11 to 23 wt. % and a mean isocyanate functionality of at least 2.3 , which consist of from 5 to 95 wt. % of at least one polyisocyanate a-1) based on hexamethylene diisocyanate having an NCO content of from 16 to 24 wt. % , and from 5 to 95 wt. % of at least one polyisocyanate a-2) based on araliphatic diisocyanates having an NCO content of from 10 to 22 wt. %.2. Polyisocyanate mixtures A) according to claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanates of component a-1) are those with a uretdione claim 1 , allophanate claim 1 , isocyanurate and/or iminooxadiazinedione structure claim 1 , which have a viscosity at 23° C. of from 70 to 1600 mPas and a content of isocyanate groups of from 18 to 24 wt. %.3. Polyisocyanate mixtures A) according to claim 1 , wherein the polyisocyanates of component a-2) are those with a uretdione claim 1 , allophanate claim 1 , isocyanurate claim 1 , iminooxadiazinedione and/or biuret structure.4. Polyisocyanate mixtures A) according to claim 3 , wherein the polyisocyanates of component a-2) are those based on m-XDI claim 3 , p-XDI and/or m-TMXDI having a content of isocyanate groups of from 11 to 21.5 wt. % and a content of monomeric diisocyanates of less than 0.8%.5. Polyisocyanate mixtures A) according to claim 3 , wherein the polyisocyanates of component a-2) are those based on m-XDI having a content of isocyanate groups of from 15 to 21 wt. % and a content of monomeric m-XDI of less than 0.5%.6. Process for the production of light-fast polyurethane compositions comprising solvent-free reacting of{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'A) the low-monomer polyisocyanate mixtures according to with'}B) ...

REDUCTION OF THE FRACTION OF MONOMERS COMPRISING ISOCYANATE GROUPS IN MOISTURE-CURING POLYURETHANE COMPOSITIONS

The invention relates to a composition having at least one polyurethane polymer comprising isocyanate groups, at least one monomer comprising isocyanate groups, and at least one silicon dioxide comprising on its surface functional groups which are reactive with respect to isocyanate groups. The silicon dioxide is present in the form of particles which have an average particle size of ≦100 μm and a specific surface area of ≧100 m/g. Furthermore, the functional groups of the silicon dioxide are at least partially reacted with isocyanate groups of the monomer comprising isocyanate groups. 1. A composition , comprisingat least one polyurethane polymer comprising isocyanate groups;at least one monomer comprising isocyanate groups; andat least one silicon dioxide comprising on its surface functional groups which are reactive with respect to isocyanate groups,{'sup': '2', 'wherein the silicon dioxide is present in the form of particles which have an average particle size of ≦100 μm and a specific surface area of ≧100 m/g; and'}wherein the functional groups of the silicon dioxide are at least partially reacted with isocyanate groups of the monomer comprising isocyanate groups.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide on its surface is functionalized with functional groups which are reactive with respect to isocyanate groups.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide is present in the form of particles which have an average particle size of ≧1 μm.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide is present in the form of particles having an average particle size in the range from 50 to 60 μm.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the silicon dioxide is present in the form of particles having a specific surface area in the range of of ≧300 m/g.6. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein the specific surface area is in the range from 400 to 800 m/g.7. The composition according to claim ...

Printable Molded Articles Made from a Polyoxymethylene Polymer Composition

Polymer compositions containing a polyoxymethylene polymer are disclosed that are receptive to paints and ink coatings. The polymer composition contains a polyoxymethylene polymer having a relatively high terminal hydroxyl group content in combination with a thermoplastic elastomer. In one embodiment, a coupling agent may be added for coupling the thermoplastic elastomer to the polyoxymethylene polymer. The polymer composition can be molded into various articles and then painted or printed with an ink composition. The polymer composition has been found to dramatically improve adhesion between the molded article and the ink or paint coating. 1. A molded product comprising:a molded article made from a polymer composition comprising a polyoxymethylene polymer blended with a thermoplastic elastomer, the polyoxymethylene polymer having terminal groups and wherein at least about 50% of the terminal groups are hydroxyl groups, the thermoplastic elastomer being present in the polymer composition in an amount of at least about 5% by weight, the molded article having an exterior surface; anda coating applied to the exterior surface of the molded article, the coating comprising an ink composition, the coating being continuous or discontinuous over the surface of the molded article.2. A molded product as defined in claim 1 , wherein the coating has been pad printed onto the exterior surface of the molded article.3. A molded product as defined in claim 1 , wherein the polymer composition further comprises a coupling agent claim 1 , the coupling agent coupling the polyoxymethylene polymer and the thermoplastic elastomer together.4. A molded product as defined in claim 3 , wherein the coupling agent comprises an isocyanate.5. A molded product as defined in claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic elastomer comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer claim 1 , the thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer being present in the polymer composition in an amount from about 10% to about 25% ...

Thermoplastic Composition with Epoxidized Novolac

The present disclosure provides a composition which includes a thermoplastic polyurethane, a flame retardant, and an epoxidized novolac resin. The flame retardant may be selected from one or more of the following: a melamine-containing compound, a nitrogen/phosphorus-based flame retardant, a phosphorus-based flame retardant, a metal-5 containing flame retardant, and combinations thereof. The composition may be a component of an article such as a coated wire or cable, with the composition present in the coating. 1. A composition comprising:a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU);a flame retardant; andan epoxidized novolac resin.2. The composition of comprising from about 15 wt % to about 60 wt % of the TPU; from about 15 wt % to about 60 wt % of the flame retardant; and from about 0.01 wt % to about 20 wt % of the epoxidized novolac resin.3. The composition of wherein the flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of a melamine-containing compound claim 1 , a nitrogen/phosphorus-based flame retardant claim 1 , a phosphorus-based flame retardant claim 1 , a metal hydrate claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The composition of wherein the flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of a blend of a metal hydrate and a phosphorus-based flame retardant claim 1 , a blend of a nitrogen/phosphorus-based flame retardant and a phosphorus-based flame retardant claim 1 , and a blend of a metal hydrate and a polyphosphate flame retardant.5. A composition comprising:a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU);a polar olefin-based polymer;a flame retardant; andan epoxidized novolac resin.6. The composition of comprising from about 30 wt % to about 50 wt % TPU;from about 5 wt % to about 25 wt % ethylene vinyl acetate;from about 15 wt % to about 65 wt % flame retardant; andfrom about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % epoxidized novolac resin.7. An article comprising:at least one component composed of a composition comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane, a flame retardant, and an ...

EXTRUSION OF POLYURETHANE COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Methods of extruding polyurethane composite materials are described. One method includes introducing at least one polyol and inorganic filler to a first conveying section of the extruder, transferring the at least one polyol and inorganic filler to a first mixing section of an extruder, mixing the at least one polyol and the inorganic filler in the first mixing section, transferring the mixed at least one polyol and inorganic filler to a second conveying section of the extruder, introducing a di- or poly-isocyanate to the second conveying section, transferring the mixed at least one polyol and inorganic filler and the di- or poly-isocyanate to a second mixing section, mixing the mixed at least one polyol and inorganic filler with the di- or poly-isocyanate in the second mixing section of the extruder to provide a composite mixture, and transferring the composite mixture to an output end of the extruder. Other related methods are also described. 1. A method of forming a polymeric composite material in an extruder , the method comprising:introducing at least one polyol and inorganic filler to a first conveying section of the extruder;transferring the at least one polyol and inorganic filler to a first mixing section of an extruder;mixing the at least one polyol and the inorganic filler in the first mixing section;transferring the mixed at least one polyol and inorganic filler to a second conveying section of the extruder;introducing a di- or poly-isocyanate to the second conveying section, wherein the ratio of the di- or poly-isocyanate to the at least one polyol is about 0.5:1 to about 1.5:1;transferring the mixed at least one polyol and inorganic filler and the di- or poly-isocyanate to a second mixing section;mixing the mixed at least one polyol and inorganic filler with the di- or poly-isocyanate in the second mixing section of the extruder to provide a composite mixture; andtransferring the composite mixture to an output end of the extruder.2. The method of claim ...

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

A diesel fuel composition comprising a performance enhancing additive, wherein the performance enhancing additive is the product of a Mannich reaction between: (a) an aldehyde; (b) a polyamine; and (c) an optionally substituted phenol; wherein the polyamine component (b) includes the moiety RRNCHRCHRNRRwherein each of R, RR, R, Rand Ris independently selected from hydrogen, and an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl substituent. 116-. (canceled)18. The diesel fuel composition according to wherein component (b) used to make the performance enhancing additive is a polyalkylene polyamine.19. The diesel fuel composition according to wherein component (b) is a polyethylene polyamine having between 2 and 6 nitrogen atoms.20. The diesel fuel composition according to wherein the performance enhancing additive has a molecular weight of less than 1000.21. The diesel fuel composition according to wherein component (a) used to make the performance enhancing additive comprises formaldehyde.22. The diesel fuel composition according to wherein component (c) used to make the performance enhancing additive is an alkyl-substituted phenol which is monosubtituted at the para-position.23. The diesel fuel composition according to wherein the phenol is substituted with a polyisobutene residue.24. The diesel fuel composition according to wherein the phenol is substituted at the para position with an alkyl substituent having 10 to 15 carbon atoms.25. The diesel fuel composition according to wherein the performance enhancing additive is present in an amount from 0.01 to 100 ppm.26. The diesel fuel composition according to wherein the nitrogen or oxygen containing compound capable of condensing with the acylating agent and further having a tertiary amino group used to prepare the quaternary ammonium salt additive is selected from N claim 17 ,N-dimethyl-aminopropylamine claim 17 , N claim 17 ,N-diethyl-aminopropylamine claim 17 , N claim 17 ,N-dimethyl- ...

SELF-ALIGNED GRAPHENE POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES

Highly-oriented graphene polymer nanocomposites are produced from an aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide in polyurethane latex followed by chemical reduction to form graphene sheets. 1. A graphene-polyurethane nanocomposite comprising 2 wt % or greater of graphene , characterized in that the graphene and polyurethane self-align into layers.2. The graphene-polyurethane nanocomposite of comprising 2 to 5 wt % graphene claim 1 , characterized in that the graphene and polyurethane self-align into layers.3. A graphene-polyurethane nanocomposite comprising 0.01-2 wt % graphene claim 1 , characterized in that the graphene and polyurethane form dispersed nanocomposites.4. A method of forming a self-aligned or dispersed graphene-polyurethane nanocomposite comprising(i) mixing aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide and polyurethane and(ii) adding an effective amount of hydrazine to reduce the graphene oxide to graphene,(iii) heating the dispersions, disposing the dispersions on a substrate, and drying the dispersions.5. The method according to in which the graphene oxide is added in sufficient amount to yield 2 to 5 wt % graphene in the self-aligned graphene-polyurethane nanocomposite.6. The method according to in which the graphene oxide is added in sufficient amount to yield 0.01-2 wt % graphene in the dispersed graphene-polyurethane nanocomposite. Graphene is one of the thinnest and strongest materials known, with exceptionally high electron mobility and heat conductivity; consequently, it has generated interest in various industries for finding ways to harness these properties for practical applications. One potential way is to incorporate graphene sheets into a polymer composite material. Unfortunately, the introduction of fine dispersions of graphene into polymer hosts is difficult, mainly because of the strong bonding within the graphene and the need for sophisticated treatment with organic solvents.To overcome this difficulty, aqueous dispersions of graphene oxide (GO ...

Imidazolium salts as additives for fuels

The use of imidazolium salts (I) where R1 and R3 are each independently an organic radical having 1 to 3000 carbon atoms, R2, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen or an organic radical having 1 to 3000 carbon atoms, X is an anion and n is the number 1, 2 or 3 as additives for fuels, especially as detergent additives for diesel fuels, as wax antisettling additives for middle distillate fuels and as lubricity improvers, and for improving the use properties of mineral and synthetic nonaqueous industrial fluids.

LIQUID FUEL COMPOSITIONS

The present invention provides a liquid fuel composition comprising:—a base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine wherein the base fuel comprises oxygenated hydrocarbons; and—one or more polyetheramines having formula (I): wherein R is an —NRgroup where Ris independently selected from hydrogen and a C-Chydrocarbyl group, n is in the range of from 6 to 37, m is in the range of from 12 to 74 and p is 0 or 1. The liquid fuel composition provides improved engine cleanliness, improved lubricity and improved fuel economy benefits. 2. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenated hydrocarbons are alcohols.3. The fuel composition of claim 2 , wherein the alcohols are selected from the group consisting of ethanol claim 2 , methanol claim 2 , propanol claim 2 , 2-propanol claim 2 , butanol claim 2 , 2-butanol claim 2 , iso-butanol claim 2 , tert-butanol claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.4. The fuel composition of claim 3 , wherein the alcohol is ethanol.5. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel comprises at most 100% by volume of oxygenated hydrocarbons.6. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel comprises at most 85% by volume of oxygenated hydrocarbons.7. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the base fuel further comprises gasoline.8. The fuel composition of claim 7 , wherein the base fuel comprises at least 15% by volume of gasoline.9. The fuel composition of further comprising a detergent.10. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the one or more polyetheramines present in the liquid fuel composition is in the range of from 10 ppmw to 1000 ppmw claim 1 , based on the overall weight of the liquid fuel composition.11. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein Ris independently selected from a C-Calkyl group.12. A method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising (a) introducing into a combustion chamber of the engine a liquid fuel composition of ; and (b) operating said fuelled ...

FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATE PRECURSOR FOR LASER ENGRAVING AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTING PLATE AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME

A flexographic printing plate precursor for laser engraving that comprises a relief-forming layer formed from a resin composition for laser engraving, wherein the flexographic printing plate precursor for laser engraving has matting agent particles at the surface of the relief-forming layer, and the matting agent particles comprise a water-soluble resin and have a number average particle size of 2 μm to 40 μm. 1. A flexographic printing plate precursor for laser engraving comprising:a relief-forming layer formed from a resin composition for laser engraving,wherein the flexographic printing plate precursor for laser engraving has matting agent particles at the surface of the relief-forming layer, and the matting agent particles comprise a water-soluble resin and have a number average particle size of 2 μm to 40 μm.2. The flexographic printing plate precursor for laser engraving according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble resin is a copolymer containing a monomer unit having an acidic group.3. The flexographic printing plate precursor for laser engraving according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble resin is a copolymer containing (a) a monomer unit derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates with an alkyl residue having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and alkyl methacrylates with an alkyl residue having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.4. The flexographic printing plate precursor for laser engraving according to claim 2 , wherein the water-soluble resin is a copolymer containing (a) a monomer unit derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates with an alkyl residue having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and alkyl methacrylates with an alkyl residue having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.5. The flexographic printing plate precursor for laser engraving according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble resin is a copolymer containing (b) a monomer unit derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of ...

"HYDROPHOBIC AND HYDROPHILIC INTERPENETRATING POLYMER NETWORKS DERIVED FROM HYDROPHOBIC POLYMERS AND METHODS OF PREPARING THE SAME"

A composition of matter comprising hydrophobic or hydrophilic (or both) interpenetrating polymer network containing a non-ionic/ionic polymer and a hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer, articles made from such composition and methods of preparing such articles. The invention also includes a process for preparing a hydrophobic/hydrophilic IPN or semi-IPN from a hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer including the steps of placing an non-ionizable/ionizable monomer solution in contact with a hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer; diffusing the monomer solution into the hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer; and polymerizing the monomers to form a penetrating polymer inside the hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer, thereby forming the IPN or semi-IPN. 1. A composition of matter comprising a first IPN or semi-IPN comprising a non-ionic polymer P and a hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer T and a second IPN or semi-IPN comprising the same said hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer T and a hydrophilic interpenetrating polymer S.2. The composition of wherein P is derived from an ethylenically unsaturated monomer without ionizable functional groups.3. The composition of wherein T is a polyurethane containing polymer.4. The composition of wherein S is an ionic polymer.5. The composition of wherein P is polymethylmethacrylate and T is polyurethane.6. A composition of matter comprising a first IPN or semi-IPN comprising a hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer and a non-ionic polymer and a second IPN or semi-IPN comprising the same said hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer and a hydrophilic interpenetrating polymer.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the first IPN or semi-IPN is disposed in a first section of the said hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer and the second IPN or semi-IPN is disposed in a second section of the said hydrophobic thermoset or thermoplastic polymer.8. The ...

Cold Flow Improvement of Distillate Fuels Using Alpha-Olefin Compositions

The cold flow of middle distillate fuels may be improved by adding an effective improving amount of one or more alpha-olefin compositions. The compositions include, but are not necessarily limited to, polymers of alpha-olefins per se, copolymerized or grafted alpha-olefins with maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, alkyl acrylates, methacrylic acid, and/or alkyl methacrylates. These resulting copolymers or grafted polymers may be blended with alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins, which in turn may be blended with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. In a non-limiting example, the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) may be synergistically improved as compared with the expected additive effect of using the components separately. 1. A method for improving cold flow of a distillate fuel comprising adding to the distillate fuel an effective amount of an additive to improve a cold flow property , where the additive is selected from the group consisting of:polymerized alpha-olefins;alpha-olefins copolymerized or reacted with a second component selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, alkyl acrylates, methacrylic acid, alkyl methacrylates, and combinations thereof to give a reaction product;alpha-olefins copolymerized or reacted with a second component selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, alkyl acrylates, methacrylic acid, alkyl methacrylates, and combinations thereof to give a reaction product, where the reaction product is in turn blended with alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins; andalpha-olefins copolymerized or reacted with a second component selected from the group consisting of maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, alkyl acrylates, methacrylic acid, alkyl methacrylates, and combinations thereof to give a reaction product, where the reaction product is in turn blended with alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins, which compositions are further blended with ethylene-vinyl ...

FLAME-RETARDANT THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE COMPRISING COATED METAL HYDROXIDES BASED ON ALUMINUM

The invention relates to a flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane based on at least one diisocyanate and on at least one substance reactive toward isocyanate, and preferably on at least one chain extender, and also optionally on at least one catalyst, and comprising at least one flame retardant, and also optionally additives and/or auxiliaries, where one flame retardant is a metal hydroxide at least to some extent surrounded by a coating, and the metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide hydroxide, or a mixture of said hydroxides, and also to an associated production process and use. 1. A flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane , comprising , in reacted form:a diisocyanate;a substance reactive toward isocyanate;optionally, a chain extender;optionally, a catalyst;a flame retardant; andoptionally, an additive and/or auxiliary,wherein the flame retardant is a metal hydroxide at least partially surrounded by a coating, and the metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide, aluminum oxide hydroxide, or a mixture thereof.2. The polyurethane of claim 1 , wherein further comprising:a phosphorus-comprising flame retardant which is a derivative of phosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, or any mixture thereof.3. The polyurethane of claim 2 , wherein the phosphorus-comprising flame retardant is liquid at 21° C.4. The polyurethane of claim 1 , wherein the metal hydroxide is aluminum hydroxide.5. The polyurethane of claim 4 , wherein the specific surface area of the metal hydroxide is from 2 m/g to 9 m/g.6. The polyurethane of claim 1 , wherein the maximum dimension of more than 50% of the metal hydroxides partially surrounded by a coating is less than 10 μm.7. The polyurethane of claim 1 , wherein the coating around the metal hydroxide comprises a polymer claim 1 , a fatty acid or a acid derivative claim 1 , or an organosilane compound.8. The polyurethane of claim 7 , wherein the coating comprises hexadecylsilane.9. The polyurethane of claim 1 , further ...

POLYURETHANE RESIN POWDER COMPOSITION FOR SLUSH MOLDING

Provided is a polyurethane resin powder composition for slush molding from which an outer skin for an instrument panel can be produced, the outer skin not interfering with deployment of an airbag. More specifically, provided is a polyurethane resin powder composition (D) for slush molding comprising perfectly spherical thermoplastic polyurethane resin particles (A) obtained by reacting a polyester diol component (J) and a diisocyanate component (F), a plasticizer (B), and a vinyl-type copolymer fine particles (C) having a crosslinked structure, wherein the polyester diol component (J) comprises a polyester diol (J1) comprising an aromatic dicarboxylic acid (E) and ethylene glycol as essential constituent units, a ratio of volume average particle sizes of (A) and (C), (A):(C), is 200:1 to 2000:1, and an extent of surface coverage of a surface of (A) with (C) {Equation (1)} is 20 to 80%. 2. The resin powder composition (D) according to claim 1 , wherein the vinyl-type copolymer fine particles (C) are a copolymer of an alkyl(meth)acrylate and a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate of a polyhydric alcohol.3. The resin powder composition (D) according to claim 1 , wherein the vinyl-type copolymer fine particles (C) are a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.4. The resin powder composition (D) according to claim 1 , wherein a volume average particle size of the vinyl-type copolymer fine particles (C) is 50 to 500 nm.5. A process for producing the polyurethane resin powder composition (D) for slush molding according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of: impregnating the thermoplastic polyurethane resin particles (A) with a plasticizer (B); thereafter adding the vinyl-type copolymer fine particles (C); and mixing the particles by stirring at a peripheral speed of an impeller of 1.0 to 2.2 m/sec until 20 to 80% of the surface of (A) becomes covered with (C).6. A polyurethane resin molded article obtained by molding the polyurethane resin powder ...

Low Friction Polymeric Compositions As Well As Devices And Device Fabrication Methods Based Thereon

A polymer blend is provided that includes a polycarbonate polyurethane polymer component having a water contact angle greater than 75 degrees and a polyurethane polymer component having a water contact angle less than 75 degrees. The polycarbonate polyurethane component and the other polyurethane polymer can be immiscible with respect to one another, and thus are phase separated in the polymer blend. The weight percentage of the polycarbonate polyurethane polymer component is greater than the weight percentage of the other polyurethane polymer component in the blend. The polymer blend is well suited for realizing a low friction surface of a variety of medical and non-medical devices. 1. A composition comprising:a polymer blend including a first polymer component and a second polymer component, wherein the first polymer component is a polycarbonate polyurethane having a water contact angle greater than 75 degrees and the second polymer component is a polyurethane polymer having a water contact angle less than 75 degrees, wherein the weight percentage of the hydrophobic polycarbonate polyurethane polymer is greater than the weight percentage of the hydrophilic polyurethane polymer in the polymer blend.2. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein:the polycarbonate polyurethane polymer of the first polymer component and the polyurethane polymer of the second polymer component are immiscible with respect to one another and are phase separated in the polymer blend.3. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein:the polycarbonate polyurethane of the first polymer component has a water contact angle of at least 80 degrees.4. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein:the polyurethane polymer of the second polymer component has a water contact angle in the range of 65 to 75 degrees.5. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein:the polyurethane polymer of the second polymer component is capable of absorbing and retaining an amount of water that is at least 300% of its ...

CYCLOPENTENE RING-OPENING POLYMER AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF SAME

A cyclopentene ring-opening polymer which has hydroxy groups at the polymer chain terminal ends is produced, then the hydroxy groups of the cyclopentene ring-opening polymer and isocyanate groups of a compound containing alkoxysilyl groups and isocyanate groups in its molecule are made to react to thereby produce a cyclopentene ring-opening polymer which contains structures at the polymer chain terminal ends where the polymer chains and groups including alkoxysilyl groups are bonded through urethane bond groups and which has a weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 1,000,000. 1. A cyclopentene ring-opening polymer which has structures at the polymer chain terminal ends where the polymer chains and groups including alkoxysilyl groups are bonded through urethane bond groups and which has a weight average molecular weight of 100 ,000 to 1 ,000 ,000.3. The cyclopentene ring-opening polymer as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the rate of introduction of the structures of polymer chains and groups including alkoxysilyl groups bonded through urethane bond groups to the polymer chain terminal ends claim 1 , expressed as a value of the percentage of (number of cyclopentene ring-opening polymer chain terminal ends to which said structures of polymer chains and groups including alkoxysilyl groups bonded through urethane bond groups are introduced/total number of cyclopentene ring-opening polymer chain terminal ends) claim 1 , is 20% or more.4. A method of production of the cyclopentene ring-opening polymer as set forth in claim 1 , comprising steps of producing a cyclopentene ring-opening polymer which has hydroxy groups at the polymer chain terminal ends claim 1 , then reacting the hydroxy groups of the cyclopentene ring-opening polymer and isocyanate groups of a compound which contains alkoxysilyl groups and isocyanate groups in its molecule.5. The method of production of a cyclopentene ring-opening polymer as set forth in claim 4 , wherein the cyclopentene ring-opening ...

Flame Retardant Thermoplastic Polyurethane Compositions

The present invention relates to flame retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) compositions that are prepared by compounding certain TPU's and with a polyphosphonate homopolymer or copolymer, and more specifically TPU compositions that pass ASTM E84 Class 1 and UL94 V0 ratings. The invention also relates to compositions that further include an inherently dissipative polymer to provide a TPU composition that has flame retardant properties, electrostatic discharge performance, good clarity and/or transparency, or any combination thereof. 1. A composition comprising a blend of:(i) a thermoplastic polyurethane component; and(ii) a polyphosphonate polymer component.2. The composition of further comprising:(iii) an inherently dissipative polymer component.3. The composition of further comprising a secondary flame retardant additive.4. The composition of wherein the composition:(i) meets a Class II or better rating as measured according to ASTM E84;(ii) meets a V1 or better rating as measured according to UL94;(iii) has a haze of lower than 50% at 40 mil thickness as measured according to ASTM D-1003;(iv) has a surface resistivity of between 1E6 and 1E12 ohms/sq as measured at 50% relative humidity according to ASTM D-257; or(v) any combination thereof.5. The composition of wherein component (i) claim 1 , the thermoplastic polyurethane component claim 1 , has a hardness of no more than 70D claim 1 , as measured by ASTM D2240.6. The composition of wherein component (i) claim 1 , the thermoplastic polyurethane component claim 1 , comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane made by reacting (a) at least one polyol intermediate with (b) at least one diisocyanate and (c) at least one chain extender;wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane is present at 20-80 weight percent of the overall composition.7. The composition of wherein component (ii) claim 1 , the polyphosphonate component claim 1 , comprises a homopolymer of a phosphonate claim 1 , a copolymer of two or more phosphonates ...

USE OF A REACTION PRODUCT OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS WITH ALIPHATIC POLYAMINES FOR IMPROVING OR BOOSTING THE SEPARATION OF WATER FROM FUEL OILS

Use of a reaction product of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acids with aliphatic polyamines for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said reaction product, certain additives with detergent action and optionally dehazers, cetane number improvers and solvents or diluents. 1. A method for improving or boosting separation of water from a fuel oil comprising a first additive having detergent action , the method comprising:separating water from the fuel oil with a reaction product, wherein the reaction product comprises a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid having from 10 to 200 carbon atoms or an anhydride thereof and an aliphatic polyamine comprising from 2 to 10 nitrogen atoms and from 0 to 2 hydroxyl groups exhibiting a primary or secondary amino group.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the saturated or unsaturated aliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid comprises a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 14 to 200 carbon atoms.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the saturated or unsaturated aliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid comprises oleic acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic polyamine comprises at least one a polyalkyleneamine of formula:{'br': None, 'sub': 2', 'n, 'HN-(A-NH)—H,'}wherein n is a number of from 1 to 5 and A represents 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, 1,2-propylene, or 1,4-butylene.5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:reacting the saturated or unsaturated aliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid and the aliphatic polyamine in a molar ratio of from 1.1:1 to 7:1,wherein the aliphatic polyamine exhibits at least two amino groups which are primary or secondary amino groups.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first additive is selected from the group consisting of:(i) a compound having a moiety ...

Fuel additive composition to improve fuel lubricity

The present disclosure relates to fuel additive compositions comprising one or more hydrogen bonding compounds derived from a long chain fatty acid, and one or more esters of a second long chain fatty acid. Such fuel additives improve the lubricity of the fuel.

TERTIARY AMINES FOR REDUCING INJECTOR NOZZLE FOULING IN DIRECT INJECTION SPARK IGNITION ENGINES

Use of a tertiary hydrocarbyl amine with C- to C-hydrocarbyl residues, the overall number of carbon atoms not exceeding 30, as an additive in gasoline for reducing injector nozzle fouling in direct injection spark ignition engines. A fuel additive composition essentially comprising nitrogen-containing dispersants, carrier oils, the above tertiary hydrocarbyl amines and optionally friction modifiers. A fuel composition comprising a major amount of gasoline and a minor amount of the above fuel additive composition. 2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'at least two of R, Rand Rare different, and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'among R, R, and R, a hydrocarbyl residue with most carbon atoms differs in carbon atom number from a hydrocarbyl residue with second most carbon atoms by at least 3.'}3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': 7', '20, 'one or two of R, R, and Rare C- to C-hydrocarbyl residues, and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': 1', '4, 'the remaining two or one of R, R, and Rare C- to C-hydrocarbyl residues.'}4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'sub': 8', '18, 'Ris a C- to C-hydrocarbyl residue, and'}{'sup': 2', '3, 'sub': 1', '4, 'Rand Rare each independently a C- to C-alkyl radical.'}5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'sub': 9', '16, 'Ris a C- to C-hydrocarbyl residue, and'}{'sup': 2', '3, 'Rand Rare each a methyl radical.'}7. The fuel additive composition according to claim 6 , wherein the at least one nitrogen-comprising dispersant (A) is a polyisobutenyl monoamine with a number average molecular weight of from 550 to 1000.8. The fuel additive composition according to claim 6 , wherein a weight ratio of the at least one nitrogen-comprising dispersant (A) to the tertiary hydrocarbyl amine of formula (I) (C) is of from 0.3:1 to 25:1.9. A fuel composition comprisinga major amount of a liquid fuel in gasoline boiling range, and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': ' ...

Gelatinous Triblock Copolymer Elastomer Particles in Polyurethane Flexible Foams

Combinations of gelatinous elastomer and polyurethane foam may be made by introducing a plasticized triblock copolymer resin and/or a diblock copolymer resin at least partially cured into gel particles into a mixture of polyurethane foam forming components including a polyol and an isocyanate. The plasticized copolymer resin is polymerized to form a cured gelatinous elastomer or gel, which is then reduced in size, for instance to give an average particle size of 10 millimeters or less. Polymerizing the polyol and the isocyanate forms polyurethane foam. The polyurethane reaction is exothermic and can generate sufficient temperature to at least partially melt the styrene-portion of the triblock copolymer resin thereby extending the crosslinking and in some cases integrating the triblock copolymer within the polyurethane polymer matrix. The gel component has higher heat capacity than polyurethane foam and thus has good thermal conductivity and acts as a heat sink. 2. The combination of wherein the copolymer resin is at least partially melted by heat produced by polymerizing the polyol and the isocyanate to form the open cell flexible polyurethane foam.3. The combination of where the copolymer resin is a triblock copolymer resin and the copolymer resin is added in the range of about 0.1 to about 200 parts per hundred of the polyol component of open cell flexible polyurethane foam.4. The combination of where the copolymer resin is formed by compounding a copolymer with at least one plasticizing oil and optionally a component selected from the group consisting of colorants; solvents; elastomeric diblock copolymer; antioxidants; antistatic agents; antimicrobial agents; flame retardants; ultraviolet stabilizers; phase change materials; surface tension modifiers; emulsifying agents; surfactants; fragrances; active hydrogen-containing components selected from the group consisting of primary amines claim 1 , secondary amines claim 1 , primary hydroxyls claim 1 , secondary ...

NATURAL OIL BASED POLY-URETHANE DISPERSION

This invention relates to a natural oil based poly-urethane dispersion of water-based anionic polyurethane/urea polymer of high molecular weight by forming a water dispersible NCO-terminated polyurethane pre-polymer, consisting essentially of the reaction product of a polyol component and a polyisocyanate component, at a reduced temperature, which is then dispersed in solvent-free water after applying a neutralizing agent, and then reacted with a chain extender. The polyol component used in this invention comprises of a mixture of (a) ricinoleated natural ester based mono blocked polyol; and (c) carboxylic group-containing polyols. The polyisocyanate component used is an aromatic diisocyanate such as an isomer of toluene diicocyanate and/or methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. The dispersion produced as a result of the process described herein is biodegradable in nature and non-plastic. The dispersion is also free of volatile organic chemicals and/or leachable contaminants. On account of the superior characteristics of the dispersion produced in this invention, it can be widely applied in industry for, among others, direct food contact applications. 2. The natural oil based poly-urethane dispersion claim 1 , as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the said prepolymer is formed at temperatures in a range from about 40° C. to about 100° C.3. The natural oil based poly-urethane dispersion claim 1 , as claimed in claim 1 , wherein ricinoleated natural ester based mono blocked polyol is prepared by way of a multi-step process claim 1 , without using the system of alcoholysis for deriving the blocked natural ester oil.4. The natural oil based poly-urethane dispersion claim 1 , as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the natural oils used to prepare ricinoleated natural ester based mono blocked polyol include:a. canola oil, tall oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, linseed oil, castor oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, canola oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, palm-based oils, rapeseed oil, ...

Fuel additive for heavy oil, and fuel oil comprising same

Provided in a fuel additive for heavy oil, made using a composition comprising: an oil-soluble metallic compound containing any one metal selected from calcium, barium, manganese, and iron; alcohol; hydrotreated light distillate; paraffin (kerosene); mineral oil; and a nonionic surfactant. The fuel additive for heavy oil, when added in a small amount to a heavy oil, can lower the kinematic viscosity and the flash point of the heavy oil, minimize the occurrence of a residual carbon fraction, dust, a sulfur fraction, or the like, increase the caloric value of the heavy oil, and improve the combustion efficiency during the combustion of the heavy oil.

AVIATION GAS TURBINE FUEL WITH IMPROVED LOW TEMPERATURE OPERABILITY

The addition of biodiesel to petroleum-based kerosene jet fuels in very low concentrations can lower the temperature at which crystals appear in the fuel. The fuels can comprise a blend of a hydrocarbon base fuel component and, for example, up to 1000 ppm, v/v of the total fuel, of a biodiesel component comprising a lower alkyl ester of a fatty acid of natural origin having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms; these blends can be characterized by improved low temperature flow properties, especially of Cloud Point (ASTM D 2500), which can be lower than that of the petroleum fuel component without the alkyl ester, even in the presence of dissolved water up to the saturation level. 1. A petroleum-based aviation gas turbine fuel comprising a blend of a hydrocarbon base petroleum fuel component and a sufficient non-zero amount , up to 1% by volume of the total fuel , of a lower alkyl ester of a fatty acid of natural origin having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms , such that the blend exhibits a Cloud Point (ASTM D 2500) at least 1° C. lower than that of the petroleum fuel component without the alkyl ester.2. An aviation gas turbine fuel according to claim 1 , in which the amount of the lower alkyl ester is from 10 to 1000 ppm claim 1 , v/v of the total fuel claim 1 , and the blend exhibits a Cloud Point (ASTM D 2500) at least 3° C. lower than that of the petroleum fuel component without the alkyl ester.3. An aviation gas turbine fuel according to claim 2 , in which the amount of the lower alkyl ester is from 10 to 50 ppm claim 2 , v/v of the total fuel claim 2 , and the blend exhibits a Cloud Point (ASTM D 2500) at least 3° C. lower than that of the petroleum fuel component without the alkyl ester.4. An aviation gas turbine fuel according to claim 2 , in which the amount of the lower alkyl ester is from 100 to 300 ppm claim 2 , v/v of the total fuel claim 2 , and the blend exhibits a Cloud Point (ASTM D 2500) at least 3° C. lower than that of the petroleum fuel component without the ...

Use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid and a nitrogen compound to reduce fuel consumption

The use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound I or a salt thereof as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in gasoline engines.

COMPOSITION TO IMPROVE OXIDATION STABILITY OF FUEL OILS

The present invention describes a composition comprising at least one antioxidant and at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue. The composition is useful as cold flow improver and oxidation stabilizer in fossil fuel oil and or biodiesel fuel oil. 1. A composition , comprising:an antioxidant andan ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in an alkyl residue.2. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the antioxidant is a phenolic compound having 2 or more hydroxyl groups.3. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprises from 2 to 36 weight % of vinyl acetate.4. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprises from 30 to 80 weight % of units derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue.5. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprises from 5 to 40 weight % of units derived from ethylene.6. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprises from 30 to 90 weight % of units derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 7 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue.7. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is a graft copolymer having an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as a graft base and an alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue as a graft layer.8. The composition according to claim 7 ,wherein a weight ratio of the graft base to the graft layer is of from 1:1 to 1:20.9. The composition according to claim 1 ,{'sub': n', 'w', 'n, 'wherein the composition comprises a polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight Mof from 1000 to 10000 g ...

Fuel Fix +

A chemical substance for the purpose of removing carbon builds up from burning Chambers of gasoline engines, diesel engines, coal, oil, and gas burning furnaces. A chemical substance for the purpose of helping to protect the environment by Causing engines and furnaces to operate more efficiently. A chemical substance which would improve MPG by reducing carbon build up in internal combustion engines. A chemical substance when mixed with the main fuel in the fuel tank, would cause the fuel to burn more efficiently thus cleaning the system from engine to exhaust.

Cold flow response of diesel fuels

The invention provides a blend of FT derived diesel, crude derived diesel, and CFPP improving additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, said blend having a CFPP of below −18° C. The invention extends to use of FT diesel as a blend component for a compression ignition fuel blend, said blend including the FT diesel, a crude derived diesel fuel and a CFPP improver additive, wherein the FT diesel is from 1 vol % to 50 vol % of the blend, which blend has a CFPP of below −20° C.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM MATERIALS

The present invention relates to a method for producing flexible polyurethane foams, wherein an isocyanate component (component B) is used which comprises polyether carbonate polyol, and to the isocyanate component itself. The invention also provides an NCO-terminated, urethane group-comprising prepolymer obtainable by reaction of one or more polyisocyanates (B1) with one or more polyether carbonate polyols. 115-. (canceled)16. A method for producing a flexible polyurethane foam comprising reacting component A comprisingA1 100 parts by weight of polyether polyol,A2 0.5 to 25 parts by weight (based on 100 parts by weight of component A1) water and/or a physical blowing agent, and a) a catalyst,', 'b) a surface-active additive,', 'c) a pigment or flame retardant,, 'A3 0.05 to 10 parts by weight (based on 100 parts by weight of component A1) auxiliary substance and/or additive'}with an NCO-terminated, urethane group-comprising prepolymer (component B) comprising one or more polyisocyanate (B1) and one or more polyether carbonate polyol (B2),the production taking place at an index of 50 to 250.17. A method for producing a flexible polyurethane foam , comprising(i) in a first step, adding one or more alkylene oxide and carbon dioxide to one or more H-functional starter substance in the presence of at least one DMC catalyst,(ii) in a second step, reacting one or more polyisocyanate (B1) with the polyether carbonate polyol (B2) formed in step (i) to form an NCO-terminated, urethane group-comprising prepolymer (B), and A1 100 parts by weight polyether polyol,', 'A2 0.5 to 25 parts by weight (based on 100 parts by weight of component A1) water and/or a physical blowing agent, and', a) a catalyst,', 'b) a surface-active additive,', 'c) a pigment or flame retardant,, 'A3 0.05 to 10 parts by weight (based on 100 parts by weight of component A1) auxiliary substance and/or additive'}, 'with component B resulting from step (ii),', 'wherein the production of the flexible ...

Stabilized Blends Containing Friction Modifiers

The present invention relates to functional fluid compositions containing friction modifiers, and specifically stable compositions containing friction modifiers with limited solubility in and/or limited compatibility with the functional fluids with which they are used. In particular the present invention deals with functional fluids used in internal combustion engines, such as engine oils, and friction modifiers that contain one or more amide functional groups, where the friction modifier is present in the functional fluid composition at levels that would otherwise cause the composition to be unstable and/or hazy.

POLYURETHANE ON THE BASIS OF SOFT THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE

The invention relates to polyurethanes based on a thermoplastic polyurethane and an isocyanate concentrate having a functionality greater than 2 and less than 10 added to the thermoplastic polyurethane, wherein the hard phase content of the thermoplastic polyurethane is in the range from 0% to 5% and the isocyanate concentrate is added in an amount of at least 2% by weight based on the polyurethane PU-1. 1. A polyurethane , comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane comprising an isocyanate concentrate having a functionality greater than 2 and less than 10 ,wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane has a hard phase content of from 0 to 5% and has an isocyanate concentrate content of at least 2% by weight based on the thermoplastic polyurethane.2. The polyurethane of claim 1 , wherein the isocyanate concentrate comprises from 20% to 70% by weight of an isocyanate.3. The polyurethane of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane has an index of from 1100 to 1600.4. The polyurethane of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane further comprises:a first polyol component having a number average molecular weight greater than 0.5 kg/mol and less than 12 kg/mol and an average functionality of from 1.8 to 2.3, as soft phase component; anda second polyol component having a number average molecular weight of more than 0 kg/mol and not more than 0.499 kg/mol as a hard phase component,wherein the isocyanate concentrate comprises at least one isocyanate selected from the group consisting of a diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), naphthylene diisocyanate (NDI), a tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), a dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (H12MDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI).5. The polyurethane of claim 4 , wherein the isocyanate concentrate comprises a diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI) claim 4 , the first polyol component comprises a polyesterol or a polyetherol claim 4 , and the second polyol component comprises 1 claim 4 ,4-butanediol.6. The ...

CALIBRATION SLIDES FOR DIGITAL PATHOLOGY

In some embodiments, the present disclosure is directed to coatings or thin films comprising a dye or stain embedded within a matrix, e.g. a polymer matrix. 1. A calibration system comprising:(a) an optically transparent substrate;(b) a film having a substantially uniform thickness disposed on at least a portion of the optically transparent substrate, the film comprising a chromogenic precipitate embedded within a polymer, wherein the chromogenic precipitate is uniformly dispersed within the polymer.2. The calibration system of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a hydrogel.3. The calibration system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogel comprises crosslinked gelatin.4. The calibration system of claim 3 , wherein the crosslinked gelatin is derived from gelatin and an aldehyde.5. The calibration system of claim 2 , wherein the hydrogel is derived from a gelling agent and a crosslinking agent.6. The calibration system of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is an acrylate.7. The calibration system of claim 1 , wherein the chromogenic precipitate is a reaction product of a chromogen and an enzyme.8. The calibration system of claim 7 , wherein the chromogen is selected from the group consisting of 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl Phosphate; 4-Chloro-2-methyl benzenediazonium; 3 claim 7 ,3′-Diaminobenzidine; 3 claim 7 ,3′ claim 7 ,5 claim 7 ,5;-tetramethylbenzidine; 4-chloro-1-naphthol; 2 claim 7 ,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid); o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride; p-Nitrophenyl Phosphate; 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-indolyl-B-D-Galactopyranoside; and 2 claim 7 ,2 claim 7 ,5-5-tetra-p-nitrophenyl-3 claim 7 ,3 -(3 claim 7 ,3 -dimethoxy-4 claim 7 ,4-biphenylene)-di tetrazolium chloride.9. The calibration system of claim 8 , wherein the chromogen is 3 claim 8 ,3′-Diaminobenzidine.10. The calibration system of claim 8 , wherein the enzyme is selected from the group consisting of alkaline phosphatase claim 8 , horseradish peroxidase claim 8 , glycosylases claim 8 , and glucose ...

Polymer Substrates Formed From Carboxy Functional Acrylamide

A polymer substrate, such as a polymer particle, is formed from a carboxyl functional monomer. In an example, the carboxyl functional monomer has a protection group in place of the OH of the carboxyl group. Once the monomer is polymerized, such a protection group can be removed, providing a polymer network with carboxyl functional sites. Such sites can be used to attach other functionality to the polymer substrate. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic particle is a hydrogel particle.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrophilic monomer in the dispersed phase claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic monomer includes an acrylamide monomer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dispersed phase further includes a diacrylamide crosslinker having a hydrophobic protection group.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the polymeric particle includes removing at least a portion of the plurality of the Rgroups from the polymeric particle.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein removing at least a portion of the plurality of the Rgroups includes acid cleaving at least a portion of the plurality of the Rgroups from the polymeric particle.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising promoting a seed particle in the aqueous suspension to form the dispersed phase.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the seed particle includes a seed polymer.9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising extracting the seed polymer after converting the polymeric particle.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the seed polymer is hydrophobic.11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the seed polymer includes a styrenic polymer claim 8 , an acrylic polymer claim 8 , an acrylamide claim 8 , another vinyl polymer claim 8 , or a combination thereof.12. The method of claim 7 , wherein promoting the seed particle includes mixing a solvent and a promoting agent with the seed particle.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the promoting agent includes dioctanoyl peroxide or dioctyladipate or ...

USE OF A COMPOSITION IN ORDER TO IMPROVE THE SPRAY FROM THE INJECTORS OF A COMBUSTION ENGINE

The present invention provides the use of a composition for improving the atomization of injectors of an internal combustion engine, the composition including, by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, 60% to 95% of a mixture of at least first and second fatty diamines, the diamines being different, and 5% to 40% of a solvent. 1. Method of improving the atomization of a fuel or a liquid oxidizer of injectors of an internal combustion engine , which method comprising mixing said fuel or said liquid oxidizer with a composition comprising , by weight , relative to the total weight of said composition , 60% to 95% of a mixture of at least first and second fatty diamines , said diamines being different , and 5% to 40% of a solvent.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein said first and second diamines are selected from a diamine that includes at least one saturated or unsaturated fatty acid radical having 4 to 20 carbon atoms claim 1 , or an alkyl radical derived from copra claim 1 , tallow claim 1 , or coconut oleic fatty acid.4. Method according to claim 3 , wherein said C-Clinear or branched alkyl radical is selected from: a decyl; stearyl claim 3 , oleyl claim 3 , ricinoleyl claim 3 , linoleyl claim 3 , lauryl claim 3 , myristyl claim 3 , capryl claim 3 , and palmityl radical claim 3 , or an alkyl radical derived from copra claim 3 , tallow claim 3 , or coconut fatty acid.5. Method according to claim 3 , wherein the first diamine is an N-oleyl-1 claim 3 ,3 propylene diamine.6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the second diamine is a polyethoxylated alkyl diamine.8. Method according to claim 7 , wherein the polyethoxylated alkyl diamine is at least one compound selected from: N claim 7 ,N′ claim 7 ,N′-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-tallow-1 claim 7 ,3 propylene diamine; and N claim 7 ,N′ claim 7 ,N′-polyoxyethylene-N-tallow-1 claim 7 ,3 propylene diamine; and preferably the polyethoxylated alkyl diamine is N claim 7 ,N′ claim 7 ,N′-polyoxyethylene-N- ...

Use Of Compounds Revealing The Efficiency Of Filterability Additives In Hydrocarbon Distillates, And Synergic Composition Containing Same

The invention relates to the use, in a hydrocarbon distillate with a boiling temperature of between 150 and 450° C. and a crystallization onset temperature as measured by Differential calorimetric Analysis of greater than or equal to −50° C., preferably of −5° C. to +10° C., of a homopolymer obtained from an olefinic ester of carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms and from a fatty alcohol containing a chain of more than 16 carbon atoms and optionally an olefinic double bond, as a compound for revealing the efficiency of filterability additives based on copolymer and/or terpolymers of ethylene and of vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and of a monoalcohol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The invention is also directed to an additive composition comprising a conventional hydrocarbon filterability additive in combination with an efficiency reveal additive, and also to the combustion fuels, motor fuel and oil fuel that comprise these additive combinations. 1. A composition comprising a mixture further comprising:A) a filterability additive based on a copolymer and/or terpolymer of ethylene and of a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid with 2 to 5 carbon atoms and of a monoalcohol comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms; andB) a polvacrylate comprising side hydrocarborn chains with 18-40, wherein the polyacrvlate is not a polymethacrylate;A and B being in a ratio producing a synergic effect as regards the filterability temperature LFT as measured according to the NF EN116 standard, of hydrocarbon distillates with a boiling temperature comprised between 150 and 450° C. and an onset crystallization temperature as measured by differential scanning calorimetry analysis greater than or equal to −5° C.2. A composition comprising (A) from 85 to 99% by weight of at least one filterability additive based on a copolymer and/or terpolymer of ethylene and of a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid with 2 to 5 carbon atoms , of a monoalcohol comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ...

URETHANE RESIN COMPOSITION

The present invention relates to a polyol composition for obtaining a polyurethane foam through a reaction with a polyisocyanate compound. The polyol composition comprises a polyol, a catalyst, a foam stabilizer, a foaming agent, and ammonium carboxylate, wherein the ammonium carboxylate has a quaternary ammonium cation as a cationic moiety, and a carboxylic acid anion represented by formula (1) as an anionic moiety. 2. The polyol composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of the ammonium carboxylate is 5 parts by mass to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the polyol.3. The polyol composition according to claim 1 , wherein Ris CH.4. The polyol composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cationic moiety of the ammonium carboxylate is a tetramethyl ammonium cation.5. The polyol composition according to claim 1 , wherein the anionic moiety of the ammonium carboxylate is 2 claim 1 ,2-dimethylpropanoic acid anion.6. The polyol composition according to claim 1 , which comprises hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) as a foaming agent.7. A foamable polyurethane composition claim 1 , which is a mixture of the polyol composition according to and a polyisocyanate compound.8. The foamable polyurethane composition according to claim 7 , wherein the foamable polyurethane composition has an isocyanate index of 250 or more.9. A polyurethane foam obtained by curing the foamable polyurethane composition according to . The present invention relates to a polyol composition for obtaining a polyurethane foam through a reaction with a polyisocyanate compound, a foamable polyurethane premix composition, a foamable polyurethane composition, and a polyurethane foam.Urethane resin compositions, which have excellent insulation and adhesive properties, have been used as heat-insulating materials for buildings, such as housing complexes including condominium apartments, houses, school facilities, and commercial buildings.PTL 1: JP2000-230028APTL 2: JP2004-339269APTL 3: JP2000- ...

RESIN COMPOSITION, RESIN MOLDED ARTICLE, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING RESIN MOLDED ARTICLE

Provided are a resin composition including at least one near infrared absorbing coloring agent selected from compounds represented by Formula (1), and a resin, in which a content of the near infrared absorbing coloring agent is in a range of 0.3% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to a total amount of the resin composition, a resin molded article, and a method of producing a resin molded article. The details of the reference numerals of the compounds are as described in the specification. 3. The resin composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the resin contains at least one selected from polyester, polyamide, or polyurethane.4. The resin composition according to claim 1 , further comprising:a colorant.6. The resin molded article according to claim 5 , which is a synthetic fiber. This application is a continuation application of International Application No. PCT/JP2018/009558, filed Mar. 12, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference. Further, this application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-050488, filed Mar. 15, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference.The present disclosure relates to a resin composition, a resin molded article, and a method of producing a resin molded article.In recent years, development of various applications for utilizing characteristics of near infrared absorbing coloring agents, for example, characteristics of absorbing light in an infrared region, characteristics of shielding light in the infrared region, and characteristics of absorbing light in the infrared region and converting the light to heat has been suggested.For example, a heat-ray shielding sheet which is a sheet containing a phthalocyanine compound having a specific structure and is attached to window glass so that an increase in indoor temperature is suppressed has been suggested (see JP2014-021421A). A dyeing method of immersing fibers in a dye bath that contains a chromium metal-containing dye specific to a metal mordant dye to obtain ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING GEL

Method for producing a gel having a desired strength, by performing a step of removing a part or all of a solvent. Method for producing a gel containing a water-soluble organic polymer (A), a silicate salt (B), and a dispersant (C) for the silicate salt, including a desolvation step of removing a part or all of one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of water and a water-soluble organic solvent in the gel, or gelling a gel-forming composition containing the water-soluble organic polymer (A), the silicate salt (B), the dispersant (C) for the silicate salt, and one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of water and a water-soluble organic solvent and removing a part or all of the solvent in the composition. 1. A method for producing a gel containing a water-soluble organic polymer (A) , a silicate salt (B) , and a dispersant (C) for the silicate salt , comprisinga desolvation step ofremoving a part or all of one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of water and a water-soluble organic solvent in the gel, orgelling a gel-forming composition containing the water-soluble organic polymer (A), the silicate salt (B), the dispersant (C) for the silicate salt, and one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of water and a water-soluble organic solvent and removing a part or all of the solvent in the composition.2. The method for producing a gel according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble organic polymer (A) is a fully or partially neutralized polyacrylate salt having a weight average molecular weight of 1 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 ,000 to 10 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 ,000.3. The method for producing a gel according to claim 1 , wherein the silicate salt (B) is water-swellable silicate salt particles selected from the group consisting of smectite claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , vermiculite claim 1 , and mica.4. The method for producing a gel according to claim 1 , wherein the dispersant (C) is one or more selected from the ...

Formulation of a new diesel fuel suitable for diesel engines

The new fuel conceived for diesel engines is formulated using one part of standard diesel fuel and two groups of components with different characteristic rating. The first group is composed by reformulated chemicals, while the second group in made by a blend of vegetal oils properly balanced. The fuel obtained with this formulation has a better thermodynamic performance and allows an appreciable reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and particulate matter (PT) output which are, respectively, approximately 50% and 60% lower

THIOLATED PEG-PVA HYDROGELS

A method of forming thiolated poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels including reacting, in the presence of an acid, compounds containing a thiol functional group and a hydroxyl reactive group with one or more hydroxyl groups of poly(vinyl alcohol) via said hydroxyl reactive group, thereby forming thiolated poly(vinyl alcohol). The method further including reacting the thiol functional group of said compounds with a thiol reactive group of a crosslinker, thereby forming a hydrogel. 1. A method of forming thiolated poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels , comprising:reacting, in the presence of an acid, compounds each including a thiol functional group and a hydroxyl reactive group with one or more hydroxyl groups of poly(vinyl alcohol) via said hydroxyl reactive group, thereby forming thiolated poly(vinyl alcohol); andreacting said thiol functional group of said compounds with a thiol reactive group of a crosslinker, thereby forming a hydrogel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said thiol containing compound comprises 3-mercaptopropionic acid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said acid is selected from the group consisting of: hydrochloric acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting said hydroxyl reactive groups of said compounds with said hydroxyl groups of said poly(vinyl alcohol) is performed at a temperature in the range of 40° C. to 95° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compounds include amino acids.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said crosslinker is poly(ethylene glycol).9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said poly(ethylene glycol) is selected from one or more of the following forms of poly(ethylene glycol): linear claim 8 , multi-armed and dendrimer.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said crosslinker is selected from the group consisting of tocotrienol and lycopene.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein reacting said thiolated poly(vinyl alcohol) with a crosslinker is performed at a temperature in the range of 20° C. ...

AVIATION FUEL WITH A RENEWABLE OXYGENATE

Described are preferred compositions for a motor fuel. Such motor fuels may be particularly well suited for use in the motor of an aircraft. In particular, compositions of the present disclosure may comprise 50-75 wt % isooctane/alkylates, 20-40 wt % ETBE, 0-3 wt % isobutane, and 0-5 wt % aromatics. The present disclosure describes a full spectrum of unleaded fuels with various motor octane (MON) values. 1. A piston engine fuel formulation comprising:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 50 to about 75 wt % C-Caliphatic hydrocarbons;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;optionally up to about 3 wt % isobutane;{'sub': 6', '12, 'optionally up to about 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons; and'}optionally up to about 250 ppm ferrocene,said fuel formulation being free of lead-containing constituents.2. The fuel formulation of being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.3. The fuel formulation of and further comprising cumidine in an amount up to 5 wt %.4. The fuel formulation of being substantially free of C-Caromatic hydrocarbons.5. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 52 to about 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;isobutane in an amount up to 3 wt %;{'sub': 6', '12, 'optionally up to 5 wt % C-Caromatic hydrocarbons; and'}ferrocene in an amount up to about 250 ppm.6. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:{'sub': 4', '10, 'about 57 to about 80 wt % C-Calkylates;'}about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;isobutane in an amount up to 3 wt %; andferrocene in an amount up to about 250 ppm.8. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:about 58 to about 78 wt % isooctane;about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; andabout 250 ppm ferrocene.9. The fuel formulation of consisting of:about 58 to about 78 wt % isooctane;about 20 to about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; andabout 250 ppm ferrocene.11. The fuel formulation of consisting essentially of:about 58 wt % isooctane;about 40 wt % ETBE;about 2 wt % isobutane; ...

USE OF SUBSTITUTED UREAS OR URETHANES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF THE USE PROPERTIES OF MINERAL AND SYNTHETIC NONAQUEOUS INDUSTRIAL FLUIDS

The use of substituted diureas, polyureas, bisurethanes or polyurethanes of the formula RX—CO—NRRin which X is RN or O and Rto Rare each independently hydrogen, alkyl radicals, alkenyl radicals, cycloalkyl radicals, aryl radicals or arylalkyl radicals, where at least one variable must be a radical having at least 4 carbon atoms and where the urea or urethane functionality must be replicated via bridging members, for improvement of the use properties of mineral and synthetic nonaqueous industrial fluids. 2. The use of substituted ureas or urethanes of the general formula (I) according to claim 1 , in which the variable A in the formula (Ia) is 3 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-ylene-3-methylene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,6-hexamethylene claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,4-tolylene claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,6-tolylene claim 1 , dicyclohexylmethan-4 claim 1 ,4′-ylene or diphenylmethan-4 claim 1 ,4′-ylene.3. The use of substituted ureas or urethanes of the general formula (I) according to or claim 1 , in which the variable X is RN where Ris a radical of the formula (Ia) in which the variable n is 0 claim 1 , the variables R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rare each hydrogen and the variables Rand Rare each the same C- to C-alkyl radical which may be interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms claim 1 , C- to C-alkenyl radical claim 1 , C- to C-cycloalkyl radical claim 1 , C- to C-aryl radical or C- to C-arylalkyl radical.4. The use of substituted ureas or urethanes according to to for improvement of the cold flow properties and/or the lubrication properties and/or the conductivity and/or the oxidation insensitivity and/or the dispersion characteristics of mineral oils and crude oils.5. The use of substituted ureas or urethanes of the general formula (I) according to to for improvement of the cold flow properties and/or the lubrication properties of fuels claim 1 , especially of middle distillate fuels.6. The use of substituted ureas or urethanes of the general formula (I) according to for ...

Hydrogel Comprising A Scaffold Macromer Crosslinked With A Peptide And A Recognition Motif

Methods of forming, dissolving, and functionalizing an extracellular matrix gel on demand based on cross-linking, modification, and dissolution of hydrogels using transpeptidase (e.g. sortase) are disclosed. Also provided are hydrogels comprising one or more macromers crosslinked to a mixture of peptides, wherein all or a portion of the peptides in the mixture comprise a recognition motif cleavable by a transpeptidase (e.g., sortase). 1. A hydrogel comprising one or more scaffold macromers crosslinked to a mixture of peptides , wherein all or a portion of the peptides in the mixture comprise a recognition motif cleavable by a transpeptidase.2. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the transpeptidase is a sortase or a sortase variant.3. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the recognition sequence comprises a motif selected from the group consisting of: LPXSG claim 1 , LPXTG claim 1 , and LAXTG.4. The hydrogel of any of claim 1 , wherein 0.001% to 80% of the peptides in the mixture comprise a recognition motif cleavable by a first transpeptidase.5. The hydrogel of claim 4 , wherein each peptide that comprises a first recognition sequence cleavable by the first transpeptidase does not comprise a second recognition motif cleavable by a second transpeptidase.6. The hydrogel of any of claim 1 , wherein the peptide further comprises a sequence cleavable by a protease.7. The hydrogel of claim 6 , wherein the protease is an endopeptidase or a metalloprotease.8. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises the amino acid sequence GCRDLPRTGGPQGIWGQDRCG.9. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the peptides in the mixture is crosslinked to a macromer at its N-terminus claim 1 , and is free at its C-terminus.10. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel encapsulates a cell claim 1 , a tissue claim 1 , or an organ.11. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the scaffold macromer is selected from any one or more of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) claim 1 , a dextran claim 1 , ...

POLYACRYLAMIDE ANTIFOAM COMPONENTS FOR USE IN DIESEL FUELS

There is disclosed an antifoam component which includes at least one acrylamide polymer for use in a diesel fuel. Acrylamide polymers prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer to yield a homopolymer or, alternatively, the acrylamide polymer may be prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer and a (meth)acrylate monomer to yield a heteropolymer. 113-. (canceled)15. The composition of claim 14 , further comprising at least one acrylate polymer prepared by polymerizing one or more (meth)acrylate monomers comprising a Cto Calkyl-substituted (meth)acrylate.16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the acrylate polymer is at least one of a copolymer claim 15 , block polymer claim 15 , random polymer claim 15 , terpolymer claim 15 , or combinations thereof.17. The composition of claim 15 , comprising:(i) from 1 wt % to 99 wt % (or 5 wt % to 95 wt %) of the acrylamide polymer; and(ii) from 99 wt % to 1 wt % (or 95 wt % to 5 wt %) of the acrylate polymer.19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the acrylamide polymer is a homopolymer and X is N.20. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the acrylamide polymer is a heteropolymer having at least two polymer moieties and wherein for at least one polymer moiety X is N and for at least one polymer moiety X is O.21. The composition of claim 18 , wherein Rand/or Ris branched.22. The composition of claim 21 , wherein Ris linear and Ris branched.23. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the (meth)acrylamide monomer comprises a mono- or di-Cto Calkyl-substituted (meth)acrylamide.24. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the (meth)acrylamide monomer comprises a mono- or di-Cto Calkyl-substituted (meth)acrylamide.25. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the acrylamide polymer comprises at least one heteropolymer prepared by polymerizing a (meth)acrylamide monomer and a (meth)acrylate monomer.26. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the acrylamide polymer comprises a heteropolymer prepared from a (meth)acrylate ...

METHOD FOR PREVENTION OF BIODETERIORATION OF FUELS

A method for preventing biodeterioration of fuel. The method reduces the microbial growth in fuel by administering an antimicrobial peptide (or efflux pump inhibitor) to a fuel phase of the fuel, an aqueous phase of the fuel, or both, which disrupts the cellular membrane (or the efflux pumps thereof) of microbes comprising the growth. 1. A method of preventing biodeterioration in a fuel by resisting microbial growth in the fuel , each microbe of the growth having a cellular membrane with at least one efflux pump , the method comprising:administering a lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor to a fuel phase of the fuel, the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor configured to block an efflux transport of toxins by the at least one efflux pump from each of the microbe comprising the growth; andadministering a lyophilized antimicrobial peptide to the fuel phase of the fuel, the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide configured to disrupt cellular membranes of microbes comprising the growth and having a β-sheet conformation, an α-helix conformation, or both.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide in the fuel phase ranges from 1 ppm to 100 ppm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor in the fuel phase ranges from 20 ppm to 80 ppm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide is selected from the group consisting of Protegrin-1 claim 1 , Magainin-2 claim 1 , Retrocyclin-101 claim 1 , PR-39 claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and analogs thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide is selected from the group consisting of c-capped dipeptides claim 1 , Phe-Arg-β-napththylamide claim 1 , MC-207 claim 1 , aptamers claim 1 , nanobodies claim 1 , antibodies claim 1 , small chemical molecules claim 1 , peptidomimetics claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and analogs thereof.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein concentrations ...

METHOD FOR PREVENTION OF BIODETERIORATION OF FUELS

A method for preventing biodeterioration of fuel. The method reduces the microbial growth in fuel by administering an antimicrobial peptide (or efflux pump inhibitor) to a fuel phase of the fuel, an aqueous phase of the fuel, or both, which disrupts the cellular membrane (or the efflux pumps thereof) of microbes comprising the growth. 1. An microbial resistant fuel comprising:a fuel phase;an aqueous phase;a lyophilized antimicrobial peptide in the fuel phase, the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide configured to disrupt cellular membranes of microbes comprising the growth and having a β-sheet conformation, an α-helix conformation, or both; anda lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor the fuel phase, the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor configured to block an efflux transport of toxins by the at least one efflux pump from each of the microbe comprising the growth.2. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide in the fuel phase ranges from 1 ppm to 100 ppm.3. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor in the fuel phase ranges from 20 ppm to 80 ppm.4. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide is selected from the group consisting of Protegrin-1 claim 1 , Magainin-2 claim 1 , Retrocyclin-101 claim 1 , PR-39 claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and analogs thereof.5. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide is selected from the group consisting of c-capped dipeptides claim 1 , Phe-Arg-β-napththylamide claim 1 , MC-207 claim 1 , aptamers claim 1 , nanobodies claim 1 , antibodies claim 1 , small chemical molecules claim 1 , peptidomimetics claim 1 , combinations thereof claim 1 , and analogs thereof.7. The microbial resistant fuel of claim 1 , wherein concentrations of the lyophilized antimicrobial peptide and the lyophilized efflux pump inhibitor are ...

GEL PRECURSOR, NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION REAGENT GEL, STORAGE CHIP AND USING METHOD THEREOF

The present disclosure can provide a gel precursor, a nucleic acid amplification reagent gel, a storage chip and a using method thereof. The gel precursor includes: a sodium alginate main solution mixed with at least one of the following components: starch, dextrin, chitosan, agarose and gelatin, where the sodium alginate main solution has a mass concentration range from 0.01% w/v to 5% w/v. 1. A gel precursor , comprising: a sodium alginate main solution mixed with at least one of following components:starch;dextrin;chitosan;agarose; andgelatin;wherein the sodium alginate main solution has a mass concentration range from 0.01% w/v to 5% w/v.2. A nucleic acid amplification reagent gel claim 1 , comprising the gel precursor of claim 1 , and further comprising:one or more reagents, mixed in the gel precursor, needed for nucleic acid amplification, and 'wherein the first ion and the gel precursor are subjected to a cross-linking reaction to form a gel, and to embed the one or more reagents into the gel; and', 'a salt solution containing a first ion,'}the nucleic acid amplification reagent gel is configured that when a salt solution containing a second ion is added, the second ion and the gel are subjected to an ion exchange reaction to dissolve the gel, and to release the one or more reagents.3. The nucleic acid amplification reagent gel of claim 2 , wherein the first ion is a divalent metal cation.4. The nucleic acid amplification reagent gel of claim 3 , wherein the divalent metal cation is at least one of: a Caion and a Baion.5. The nucleic acid amplification reagent gel of claim 2 , wherein the second ion is a monovalent metal cation.6. The nucleic acid amplification reagent gel of claim 5 , wherein the monovalent metal cation is at least one of: a Naion and a K ion.7. The nucleic acid amplification reagent gel of claim 6 , wherein:the salt solution containing the second ion is a sodium citrate solution containing the second ion, orthe salt solution containing the ...

CROSSLINKED POLYSACCHARIDES AND RELATED METHODS

Methods of forming cross-linked polysaccharides are disclosed in which one or more polysaccharides are dissolved in solution, gelled, modified to have a desired concentration, and subsequently irradiated. The irradiation of the gel crosslinks the polysaccharide(s) present. The disclosed techniques may be applied to various polysaccharides, including but not limited to agarose and/or hyaluronic acid. 1. A method comprising:forming a solution containing agarose and hyaluronic acid;gelling the solution containing agarose and hyaluronic acid to form a gel; andirradiating the gel to form a crosslinked gel.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising at least partially dehydrating the gel prior to irradiating the gel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution containing agarose and hyaluronic acid has an agarose concentration of between 1% and 2%.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising degrading the hyaluronic acid of the crosslinked gel by exposing the crosslinked gel to a hyaluronidase enzyme. This application is a divisional of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/723,206 filed Dec. 20, 2019, which claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 62/783,630, filed Dec. 21, 2018, the contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein.Crosslinking is the process of chemically joining two or more polymer chains together through a covalent or ionic bond. Various mechanical properties of a polymer can be modified by crosslinking. For example, crosslinking a material to a low crosslink density can decrease the viscosity of polymer melts, while crosslinking to an intermediate crosslink density can transform a gummy polymer into a material with elastomeric properties and potentially high strength. In some cases, very high crosslink densities can cause a material to become rigid or glassy. Numerous crosslinking techniques are known, including processes that rely on heat, pressure, change in pH, or radiation to initiate ...

RESIN COMPOSITION AND MOLDED PRODUCT THEREOF

Provided is a resin composition configured to show a small change in the void ratio of hollow resin particles during mold processing and configured to stably mold a lightweight molded product having a small variation in specific gravity. The resin composition is a resin composition comprising 50 parts by mass to 95 parts by mass of a thermoplastic elastomer and 5 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass of hollow resin particles, wherein the hollow resin particles have a void ratio of from 50% to 85%; wherein the hollow resin particles have a shell containing a resin; and wherein, with respect to 100 parts by mass of repeating units constituting the resin, 30 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of a crosslinkable monomer unit and 0 part by mass to 70 parts by mass of a non-crosslinkable monomer unit are contained as a polymerizable monomer unit. 1. A resin composition comprising 50 parts by mass to 95 parts by mass of a thermoplastic elastomer and 5 parts by mass to 50 parts by mass of hollow resin particles ,wherein the hollow resin particles have a void ratio of from 50% to 85%;wherein the hollow resin particles have a shell containing a resin; andwherein, with respect to 100 parts by mass of repeating units constituting the resin, 30 parts by mass to 100 parts by mass of a crosslinkable monomer unit and 0 part by mass to 70 parts by mass of a non-crosslinkable monomer unit are contained as a polymerizable monomer unit.2. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow resin particles do not exhibit a glass transition temperature in a range of from 0° C. to 250° C.3. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow resin particles have a volume-based average particle diameter of from 1.0 μm to 20.0 μm.4. A molded product comprising the resin composition defined by .5. The resin composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hollow resin particles have a particle size distribution (the volume average particle diameter (Dv)/the number average ...

Mechanically Frothed Gel Elastomers and Methods of Making and Using Them

A method of making frothed gel in which no blowing (gas producing) agents are used, and in which non-aqueous gel precursor polyol and additive systems are frothed using a froth mix head, either prior to, or after addition of the isocyonate, depending on desired speed of reaction and cell structure. Isocyanate may be added after the material leaves the froth mix head, in which case it can be added to the froth using a static mixer. No water, or very little water, is used in the process. 1. A method of making a non-aqueous frothed gel in which no blowing (gas producing) agents are used , and in which non-aqueous gel precursor polyol and additive systems are frothed using a froth mix head , either prior to , or after addition of the isocyanate , the method comprising preparing a mixed Polyol by pre-mixing Polyol , catalyst , mono functional additive , filler and (optionally) pigment , and metering said mixed polyol into the froth mix head.2. A method according to claim 1 , which uses no water.3. A method according to claim 1 , which uses less than 2% by volume of water.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein polyol is used in the amount of 50%-60% claim 1 , catalyst is used in the amount of 0%-5% claim 1 , monofunctional additive is used in the amount of 0%-15% claim 1 , filler is used in the amount of 0%-20% claim 1 , pigment is used in the amount of 0%-5% claim 1 , surfactant is used in the amount of 0%-20% claim 1 , and isocyanate is used in the amount of 15%-20%.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out at 70°-90° F. claim 1 , 10-40 psi claim 1 , with a chemical throughput of 20-60 grams/sec claim 1 , and with a mixer speed of 400-600 RPM.6. A mechanically frothed gel comprising polyol in the amount of 50%-60% claim 1 , in the amount of 0%-5% claim 1 , monofunctional additive in the amount of 0%-15% claim 1 , filler in the amount of 0%-20% claim 1 , pigment in the amount of 0%-5% claim 1 , surfactant in the amount of 0%-20% claim 1 , ...

HIGH-OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

Various compositions of matter, methods of making compositions of matter, and methods of using compositions of matter are disclosed. In some embodiments, compositions useful as aviation gasoline, sometimes called “avgas”, are disclosed. In some embodiments, mesitylene is used in compositions of matter. Additives may be employed in the disclosed compositions of matter. In some embodiments, the composition of matter has a motor octane number of about 99 or higher. In some embodiments, the compositions of matter have reduced or no heteroatom constituents, and/or may have reduced or no metal constituents. In some embodiments, compositions of matter disclosed herein may have certain performance characteristics equal to better than currently available 100LL compositions. 1. An aviation gasoline according to ASTM fuel standards comprising between 55%-65% mesitylene , a blend of C4/C5 hydrocarbons for totaling 10-14% and between 21-35% alkanes with a final fuel motor octane number of at least 99.8 MON and a vapor pressure of 38-49 kPa and a final boiling point below 174° C.2. An aviation gasoline comprising 55%-65% mesitylene (m/m) with a minimum MON of 99.8.3. The aviation gasoline of claim 1 , wherein the minimum mesitylene purity is 95% meaning that the fuel may contain 0-3% pseudocumene.4. An aviation gasoline comprising 55%-65% C9 aromatics (m/m) with a minimum MON of 99.8.5. The aviation gasoline of claim 1 , wherein there are no heteroatoms in the formula or no aromatic amines.6. The aviation gasoline of claim 5 , wherein said no heteroatoms in the formula comprises no oxygenates.7. The aviation gasoline of claim 1 , where there are no metals in the formula.8. The aviation gasoline of claim 7 , wherein there is no tetraethyllead or no MMT.9. The aviation gasoline of claim 1 , wherein said mesitylene is present at about 55% (mass/mass).10. The aviation gasoline of claim 1 , wherein said mesitylene is present at about 60% (mass/mass).11. The aviation gasoline of claim ...

Associative polymers and related compositions, methods and systems

Described herein are associative polymers capable of controlling a physical and/or chemical property of non-polar compositions and related compositions, methods and systems. Associative polymers herein described have a non-polar backbone and functional groups presented at ends of the non-polar backbone, with a number of the functional groups presented at the ends of the non-polar backbone formed by associative functional groups capable of undergoing an associative interaction with another associative functional group with an association constant (k) such that the strength of each associative interaction is less than the strength of a covalent bond between atoms and in particular less than the strength of a covalent bond between backbone atoms.

ENGINE AIR INDUCTION RESISTIVE FOAM ELEMENT SOUND ABSORBER AND SILENCER

A tunable, noise-attenuating resistive silencer assembly for use with an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The resistive silencer assembly incorporates a resistive silencer material. The assembly includes an intake duct having air inlet and outlet ends, an acoustic absorbing material support structure positioned between the air inlet and air outlet ends, and an acoustic absorbing element supported by the acoustic absorbing material support structure. The acoustic absorbing element has a defined and non-amorphous shape. The air enters the air inlet end, passes by the acoustic absorbing material, and exits the air outlet end. The acoustic absorbing element is formed from a foam material that may be open cell or closed cell. If open cell foam, the material may be either a low density or high density polyurethane foam. If closed cell foam, the material may be crushed, closed-celled ethylene propylene dieme or polyvinyl nitrile foam. 1. A noise attenuation device for an internal combustion engine air induction system , comprising:an intake duct having air inlet and outlet ends;an acoustic absorbing material support structure operatively associated with said intake duct and positioned between said ends; andan acoustic absorbing element supported by said support structure, said acoustic absorbing element having a defined and non-amorphous shape, whereby air enters said inlet, passes by said acoustic absorbing material, and exits said outlet.2. The noise attenuation device of claim 1 , wherein said acoustic absorbing element is formed from a foam material.3. The noise attenuation device of claim 2 , wherein said foam material is open cell foam.4. The noise attenuation device of claim 3 , wherein said open cell foam is polyurethane foam.5. The noise attenuation device of claim 3 , wherein said open cell foam is selected from the group consisting of high density foam and low density foam.6. The noise attenuation device of claim 2 , wherein said foam material is closed ...

ADDITIVES FOR IMPROVING THE RESISTANCE TO WEAR AND TO LACQUERING OF DIESEL OR BIODIESEL FUELS

The present disclosure relates to novel anti-wear additives for diesel or biodiesel fuels having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass. These novel additives will also improve the lacquering resistance of the higher-grade diesel or biodiesel fuels having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass. 1. A method for improving the lacquering resistance of higher-grade (bio)diesel fuels comprising a step of adding additives , the additives comprising at least 50% by mass of polyglycerol monoester(s) and/or diester(s) , the polyglycerols having from 2 to 5 glycerol units per molecule and the ester units being fatty acid derivatives , and more than 50% by number of fatty chains comprising between 12 and 24 carbon atoms.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the higher-grade (bio)diesel fuels have a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the additives comprise partial esters of diglycerol and/or triglycerol.4. The method according to claim 3 ,wherein the partial esters of diglycerol and/or triglycerol comprise either at least 50% by mass of monoester(s) and/or diester(s) of oleic acid and diglycerol, therefore of diglycerol mono-oleate(s) (DGMO) and/or diglycerol dioleate(s) (DGDO) or at least 50% by mass of mono- and/or diester(s) of oleic acid and triglycerol, or at least 50% by mass of mono- and/or diester(s) of oleic acid and diglycerol and/or triglycerol.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the additives further comprise one or more other functional additives.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the deposit reducer(s)/detergent(s)/dispersant(s) are chosen from substituted succinic acid anhydrides.8. The method according to claim 1 ,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'further comprising improving wear resistance and lubricity of (bio)diesel fuels having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass, the method further comprising a ...

PROCESS FOR IMPROVING COLD FLOW PROPERTIES AND INCREASING YIELD OF MIDDLE DISTILLATE FEEDSTOCK THROUGH LIQUID FULL HYDROTREATING AND DEWAXING

Novel liquid-full process for improving cold flow properties and increasing yield of middle distillate fuel feedstock by hydrotreating and dewaxing the feedstock in liquid-full reactors. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the middle distillate fuel feedstock has a nitrogen content of at least 200 wppm claim 1 , and the middle distillate product has a cloud point of at least 15° C. lower compared to the middle distillate fuel feedstock.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the middle distillate fuel feedstock has a nitrogen content of at least 90 wppm claim 1 , and the middle distillate product has a cloud point of at least 25° C. lower compared to the middle distillate fuel feedstock.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein steps (b) and (c) are conducted in a single reactor containing one or more catalyst beds.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein steps (b) and (c) are conducted in separate reactors claim 1 , each of the reactors containing one or more catalyst beds.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first product effluent includes HS and NHdissolved therein and is fed directly into the second reaction zone without separating ammonia claim 1 , hydrogen sulfide and remaining hydrogen from the first product effluent.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first reaction zone has a temperature in the range of about 225° C. to about 425° C. and a pressure in the range of about 3.0 MPa to about 17.5 MPa.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second reaction zone has a temperature in the range of about 225° C. to about 425° C. and a pressure in the range of about 3.0 MPa to about 17.5 MPa.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein both the middle distillate fuel feedstock and the middle distillate product are diesels.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dewaxing catalyst is selected from the group consisting of catalysts comprising a non-precious metal and an oxide support claim 1 , catalysts comprising a crystalline claim 1 , microporous oxide structure without metal loaded ...

FUEL COMPOSITION AS LUBRICITY IMPROVER AND METHOD THEREOF

The present disclosure provides a fuel composition for improving the lubricity property. Further provided is a process for preparation of the composition. 1. A fuel composition imparting a lubricant property , the fuel composition comprising:a fuel; andan additive comprising: at least one unsaturated fatty acid and at least one saturated fatty acid;wherein the ratio of the saturated fatty acid and the unsaturated fatty acid is in the range of 85:15 to 95:5.2. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fuel has a sulphur concentration less than 50 ppm.3. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the saturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid claim 1 , decanoic acid claim 1 , octanoic acid claim 1 , heptonoic acid claim 1 , nonanoic acid claim 1 , undecanoic acid claim 1 , do-decanoic acid claim 1 , heptadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid.4. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of oleic acid claim 1 , linoleic acid claim 1 , linolenic acid claim 1 , myristoleic acid claim 1 , palmitoleic acid claim 1 , sapienic acid claim 1 , elaidic acid claim 1 , vaccenic acid claim 1 , arachidonic acid claim 1 , and erucic acid.5. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid wt % is in the range of 85 to 95% w/w with respect to the additive.6. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the saturated fatty acid wt % is in the range of 5 to 15% w/w with respect to the additive.7. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , optionally comprises a fatty acidof Formula RCOOH in which R represents an alkyl alkenyl group with 10 to 20 carbon atoms with a wt % in the range of 0.1 to 10% with respect to the composition.8. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the additive concentration is in the range of 50 to 150 ppm by weight of the fuel.9. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , ...

IN VIVO CROSSLINKING OF EMBOLIC HYDROGELS USING BIOORTHOGONAL CLICK CHEMISTRY

A crosslinked embolic hydrogel is disclosed, the crosslinked embolic hydrogel comprising a hydrophilic polymer functionalized with first reactive groups and a crosslinking agent functionalized with second reactive groups; wherein the first and second reacting groups comprise a biorthogonally reactive pair that react to form the crosslinked embolic hydrogel. Methods and systems are also disclosed. 1. A crosslinked embolic hydrogel , the crosslinked embolic hydrogel formed from:a hydrophilic polymer functionalized with first reactive groups; anda crosslinking agent functionalized with second reactive groups;wherein the first reactive groups and second reactive groups comprise a biorthogonally reactive pair that react to form the crosslinked embolic hydrogel.2. The crosslinked embolic hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein either the first or second reactive groups comprise a plurality of amine groups claim 1 , acid groups claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The crosslinked embolic hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein either the first or second reactive groups comprise an azide group.4. The crosslinked embolic hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein either the first or second reactive groups comprise an alkyne claim 1 , tetrazine claim 1 , fluorosydnones claim 1 , or combinations thereof.5. The crosslinked embolic hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein either the first or the second reactive groups comprise a strained alkyne.6. The crosslinked embolic hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the first reactive groups and second reactive groups form a covalent bond when brought in contact with each other.7. The crosslinked embolic hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the first and second reactive groups form a tri-azole ring upon reacting.8. The crosslinked embolic hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein either the hydrophilic polymer or the crosslinking agent are retained on an embolization coil.9. The crosslinked embolic hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein either the hydrophilic polymer or crosslinking agent are retained on ...

HYDROTALCITE SUBSTANCE COMPOSITION, AND RESIN ADDITIVE CONTAINING SAID COMPOSITION

Provided are a hydrotalcite substance composition having excellent dispersibility, and an additive using the hydrotalcite substance composition. The hydrotalcite substance composition of the present invention contains a hydrotalcite substance and a surface treatment agent containing an organic compound. The hydrotalcite substance is in a state in which at least part thereof is coated with the surface treatment agent. The amount of an extract to be extracted from the composition by hot toluene treatment is 1 wt % or less with respect to the composition, and the content of calcium in the extract is 500 ppm or less with respect to the weight of the composition. 16-. (canceled)7. A hydrotalcite substance composition , comprising:a hydrotalcite substance; anda surface treatment agent containing an organic compound,wherein the hydrotalcite substance is in a state in which at least part thereof is coated with the surface treatment agent, andwherein an amount of an extract to be extracted from the composition by hot toluene treatment is 1 wt % or less with respect to the composition, and a content of calcium in the extract is 500 ppm or less with respect to a weight of the composition.8. The hydrotalcite substance composition according to claim 7 , wherein the content of calcium in the extract is 200 ppm or less with respect to the weight of the composition.9. The hydrotalcite substance composition according to claim 7 , wherein the hydrotalcite substance comprises a hydrotalcite substance subjected to crystallization water removal treatment.10. The hydrotalcite substance composition according to claim 8 , wherein the hydrotalcite substance comprises a hydrotalcite substance subjected to crystallization water removal treatment.11. The hydrotalcite substance composition according to claim 7 , wherein the surface treatment agent comprises at least one kind selected from a higher fatty acid claim 7 , a metal salt of a higher fatty acid and a metal other than calcium claim 7 , ...

METHOD AND USE

A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a compound or formula H—(OR)—OR, wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group, Ris an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 1. 1. A diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive an ester compound which is the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a compound or formula H—(OR)—OR , wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group , Ris an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 1.2. A method of combatting deposits in a diesel engine , the method comprising combusting in the engine a diesel fuel composition comprising as an additive the reaction product of an optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride thereof and a compound of formula H—(OR)—OR , wherein R is an optionally substituted alkylene group , Ris an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 1.3. (canceled)4. The composition according to wherein the optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof is a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic acid or a hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydride.5. The composition according to wherein each R is ethylene or propylene claim 1 , and n is from 1 to 40.6. The composition according to wherein Ris a Cto Calkyl group.7. The composition according to wherein the polycarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof includes an optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 6 to 100 carbon atoms.8. The composition according to wherein the optionally substituted polycarboxylic acid or hydrocarbyl substituted anhydride and compound of formula H—(OR)n-ORare reacted in a ratio of from 1.5:1 to 1:1.5.9. The composition according to wherein the additive is the reaction product of a succinic acid or anhydride having a Cto Calkyl or alkenyl substituent and a Cto ...

COMPOSITION AND METHODS AND USES RELATING THERETO

A quaternary ammonium salt of formula (I): (I) where in X is a linking group; Y is O, NH or NRwherein Ris H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; Q is a moiety that includes a quaternary ammoniumcation; A is an anion; Ris an optionally substituted alkylene group; Ris hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; and n is 0 or a positive integer; provided that n is not 0 when Ris hydrogen. 1. (canceled)3. (canceled)5. The salt claim 2 , composition according to wherein the quaternary ammonium salt additive is prepared by reacting:(a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof; with{'sup': 3', '2, 'sub': 'n', '(b) an alcohol of formula R(OR)OH;'}(c) a reactive alcohol or amine including a tertiary amino group; and(d) a quaternising agent.6. The composition according to wherein X is an optionally substituted alkylene or arylene and Ris an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group.7. The composition according to wherein n is 0 and Ris an optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms.8. The composition according to wherein each Ris ethylene or propylene.9. The composition according to wherein Ris hydrogen and n is at least 1.10. The composition according to wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkyl group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms and n is from 1 to 40.12. The composition according to wherein Ris an optionally substituted alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms claim 11 , Ris Cto Calkyl claim 11 , Ris Cto Calkyl and Ris an unsubstituted Cto Calkyl group or a hydroxy substituted Cto Calkyl group.13. The composition according to wherein A is a carboxylate anion.14. (canceled)15. The composition according to wherein the quaternary ammonium salt additive is prepared by reacting:(a) an optionally substituted succinic acid or anhydride thereof;{'sup': 2', '3, 'sub': 'n', '(b) an alcohol of formula H(OR)OH or ROH;'}(c) a reactive alcohol including a tertiary amino group; and(d) a quaternising agent.16. ...

REDOX ENZYME-EMBEDDED PYRENE-POLY(ETHYLENIMINE) HYDROGEL ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROSYNTHESIS

Devices, systems, and compositions of matter involving enzyme-mediated bioelectrocatalysis are disclosed and described. An enzyme electrode can include an electrode, a bioelectric material coupled to the electrode, the bioelectric material further including a water-permeable polymer matrix, a planar linker covalently coupled to the water-permeable polymer matrix and noncovalently coupled to the electrode, and electrochemically active oxidoreductase enzyme molecules functionally embedded in the water-permeable polymer matrix. 1. An enzyme electrode , comprising:an electrode; a water-permeable polymer matrix;', 'a planar linker covalently coupled to the water-permeable polymer matrix and noncovalently coupled to the electrode; and', 'electrochemically active oxidoreductase enzyme molecules functionally embedded in the water-permeable polymer matrix., 'a bioelectric material coupled to the electrode, the bioelectric material further comprising2. The enzyme electrode of claim 1 , wherein the water-permeable polymer matrix comprises a covalently crosslinked hydrogel.3. The enzyme electrode of claim 2 , wherein the covalently crosslinked hydrogel comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylenimine claim 2 , polyvinyl alcohol claim 2 , polyvinylamine claim 2 , polyallylamine claim 2 , polyvinylpyridine claim 2 , polyvinylimidazole claim 2 , and mixtures and copolymers thereof.4. The enzyme electrode of claim 1 , wherein the water-permeable polymer matrix comprises a linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) polymer.5. The enzyme electrode of claim 1 , wherein the oxidoreductase enzyme molecules comprise an enzyme selected from the group consisting of nitrogenase claim 1 , laccase claim 1 , flavodoxin claim 1 , ferredoxin claim 1 , cytochrome c claim 1 , hydrogenase claim 1 , nitrate reductase claim 1 , nitrite reductase claim 1 , quinohemoproteins claim 1 , multi-copper oxidases claim 1 , heme containing enzymes claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The enzyme ...

DEMULSIFIER FOR QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT CONTAINING FUELS

Described herein are fuel performance additives, fuels including such additive, methods of improving the demulsibility of fuels using fuel performance additives, and the use of a fuel performance additive to improve the demulsibility of fuel where such fuels are gasoline or diesel and further include a quaternary ammonium salt obtained from at least the reaction of a nitrogen containing compound having at least a tertiary amino group and a quaternizing agent. 1. A fuel performance additive comprising:a quaternary ammonium salt obtained from the reaction of a nitrogen containing compound having at least a tertiary amino group and a quaternizing agent; anda demulsifier component including a blend of (i) at least two alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers, the first alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymer having a relative solubility number of 18 to 22 and the second alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymer having a relative solubility number of 12 to 16; (ii) an alkoxylated fatty acid polymer having a relative solubility number of 12 to 16 (iii) an alkoxylated polyimine polymer having a relative solubility number of less than 10.2. The fuel performance additive of claim 1 , wherein the first alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymer is an ethoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymer having about 25 to about 75 moles of ethylene oxide.3. The fuel performance additive of claim 1 , wherein the second alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymer is an ethoxylated and propoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymer having about 5 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide combined.4. The fuel performance additive of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated fatty acid polymer is derived from a dimer fatty diacid claim 1 , a trimer fatty triacid claim 1 , a dimer fatty diol and/or a trimer fatty trial and at least one alkylene oxide derived groups and has about 5 to about 30 total moles of alkoxylation.5. The fuel performance additive of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated polyimine has about ...

GAS-FILLED STABILIZED PARTICLES AND METHODS OF USE

Provided herein are various gas-filled particles having a stabilized membrane that encapsulates the gas. Pharmaceutical compositions, methods of use and treatment, and methods of preparation are also described. 1. A gas-filled particle comprising a stabilized membrane encapsulating one or more gases , wherein the one or more gases is not a fluorinated gas , perfluorocarbon based liquid , or hemoglobin.2. The particle of claim 1 , wherein the stabilized membrane is a crosslinked membrane encapsulating one or more gases.3. The particle of claim 2 , wherein the crosslinked membrane is non-covalently crosslinked.4. The particle of claim 3 , wherein the non-covalently crosslinked membrane comprises a non-covalently crosslinked alginate.5. The particle of claim 1 , wherein the stabilized membrane comprises a polymer.6. The particle of claim 5 , wherein the polymer is a carbohydrate claim 5 , a protein or a synthetic polymer claim 5 , or a natural polymer.7. The particle of claim 1 , further comprising a sheath membrane between the stabilized membrane and the encapsulated gas.8. The particle of claim 1 , wherein the stabilized membrane is a crosslinked membrane encapsulating one or more gases.9. The particle of claim 1 , wherein the stabilized membrane is stabilized with one or more stabilizing agents.1024-. (canceled)25. A suspension comprising a particle of in medium for storage.26. The suspension of claim 25 , wherein the medium comprises a viscosity enhancing agent.27. A powder comprising a gas-filled particle of formulated in a powder form for storage.28. A kit or pharmaceutical pack comprising a particle of and instructions for use.29. A method of delivering a gas to a subject in need thereof claim 1 , the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising a particle of and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.3035-. (canceled)36. A method of delivering a gas to a subject during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery claim 1 , ...

ASSOCIATIVE POLYMERS FOR MIST-CONTROL

Polymeric mist control materials, methods of forming polymeric mist control materials, and methods of using such materials for mist control are provided. The polymeric mist control additives are formed of molecules comprised predominantly of monomers that confer high solubility in fuel and include associative groups that attract each other in donor-acceptor manner, and are incorporated such that multiple associative groups are in close proximity (“clusters”), such that the clusters are separated by very long non-associative sequences. 1. An associative mist control material comprising: at least one non-associative chain, said non-associative chain being selected to confer solubility to the polymer in a particular medium such that the medium and the mist control material remain as a homogeneous single phase during storage and transport;', 'a plurality of associative groups disposed on at least one end of each of said non-associative chains, wherein the associative groups are selected such that the polymer does not self-associate, and wherein a plurality of associative groups separate each of said non-associative chains; and, 'a mixture of polymers each havingwherein the associative groups of said polymers reversibly associate with an association strength less than that of a covalent bond to form supramolecules designed to prevent misting of the medium.2. The mist control material of claim 1 , wherein the mixture of polymers comprises at least two different complementary polymers each of said polymers comprising:at least one non-associative chain, anda plurality of associative groups dispose at either end of each of said non-associative chains; andwherein the associative groups of the at least two different complementary polymers reversibly associate with an association strength less than that of a covalent bond to form supramolecules designed to prevent misting of the medium.3. The mist control material of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of associative groups are ...

BLOCK COPOLYMERS AND THE USE THEREOF FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES

The invention relates to a block copolymer and the use thereof as a cold resistance additive of a fuel or combustible. The block copolymer comprises: (i) a block A consisting of a chain of structural motifs derived from at least one α,β-unsaturated alkyl methacrylate or acrylate monomer; and (ii) a block B consisting of a chain of structural motifs derived from at least one α,β-unsaturated monomer selected from styrene derivatives, the aromatic ring of which is substituted by at least one group R selected from the groups: Cto Calkyl esters, and preferably acyclic linear or branched Cto Chydrocarbonated chains, said chain being substituted by at least one group containing a quaternary ammonium salt. The invention also relates to an additive concentrate containing such a copolymer and to the use thereof as an anti-sedimentation additive, and advantageously, as a TLF booster additive. 1. A block copolymer comprising:(i) a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more α,β-unsaturated alkyl methacrylate or acrylate monomers, and [{'sub': 1', '24, 'Cto Calkyl esters, and'}, {'sub': 1', '12, 'linear or branched, preferably acyclic, Cto Chydrocarbon-based chains, preferably alkyl groups, said chain being substituted by one or more groups containing a quaternary ammonium salt.'}], '(ii) a block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more α,β-unsaturated monomers chosen from styrene derivatives, the aromatic ring of which is substituted by at least one group R chosen from the groups2. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it also comprises (iii) an end chain I consisting of a cyclic or acyclic claim 1 , saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , linear or branched claim 1 , Cto Chydrocarbon-based chain claim 1 , said chain being located at the terminal position of said block copolymer.3. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the α claim 1 ,β-unsaturated monomer of the block A ...

BLOCK COPOLYMERS AND THE USE THEREOF FOR IMPROVING THE COLD PROPERTIES OF FUELS OR COMBUSTIBLES

The invention relates to a block copolymer and the use thereof as a cold resistance additive of a fuel or combustible. The block copolymer comprises: (i) a block A consisting of a chain of structural motifs derived from at least one α,β-unsaturated alkyl methacrylate or acrylate monomer; and (ii) a block B consisting of a chain of structural motifs derived from at least one α,β-unsaturated monomer containing at least one aromatic ring. The invention also relates to an additive concentrate containing such a copolymer and to the use thereof as a TLF booster and, advantageously, as an anti-sedimentation additive. 1. A block copolymer comprising:(i) a block A consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more α,β-unsaturated alkyl methacrylate or acrylate monomers, and(ii) a block B consisting of a chain of structural units derived from one or more α,β-unsaturated monomers containing at least one aromatic ring, preferably chosen from styrene or styrene derivatives.2. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that it also comprises (iii) an end chain I consisting of a cyclic or acyclic claim 1 , saturated or unsaturated claim 1 , linear or branched claim 1 , Cto Chydrocarbon-based chain claim 1 , said chain being located at the terminal position of said block copolymer.3. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the α claim 1 ,β-unsaturated monomer of the block A is chosen from linear or branched Cto C claim 1 , preferably Cto Calkyl methacrylates or acrylates.4. The block copolymer as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the α claim 1 ,β-unsaturated monomer of the block B is chosen from styrene and styrene derivatives claim 1 , the aromatic ring of which is substituted by at least one group R chosen from the groups:hydroxyl,{'sub': 1', '24, 'Cto Calkyl ethers,'}{'sub': 1', '24, 'Cto Calkyl esters, and'}{'sub': 1', '12, 'linear or branched, preferably acyclic, Cto Chydrocarbon-based chains, preferably ...

Gasoline composition, method and use

A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R 1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R 2 and R 3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R 4 is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 36 alkyl group.

FILTER FOR THE EXCHANGE OF HEAT AND MOISTURE FOR APPLICATION IN THE MEDICAL FIELD AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Filter made entirely with natural and biodegradable materials, for the protection of the respiratory tract of patients in the medical-surgical field and process for making it. The filter has a porosity or 80-98% and pore diameters of 100-350 micrometers and the pores have a shape of channels open at the ends, which are parallel to each other. The filter is obtained by preparing an aqueous solution of chitosan and an aqueous solution of gelatin, mixing them, pouring it into a container, keeping the container closed until obtaining a hydrogel and freeze-drying. A cross-linking step takes place by (a) adding a chemical cross-linker to the mixture of the chitosan and gelatine solutions and cross-linking before freeze-drying, or (b) subjecting the freeze-drying product to a thermal dehydration treatment. 1. Process for preparing a material useful for the production of HME filters , which comprises the following steps:a) preparing an acidic aqueous solution of chitosan in a concentration from 1 to 2.5% by weight;b) preparing an aqueous solution of a gelatin of animal origin in a concentration from 2.5 to 5% by weight, operating at a temperature between 40 and 50° C.;c) mixing the two solutions thus obtained in such quantities as to obtain a weight ratio gelatin:chitosan from 80:20 to 50:50, preferably 70:30, gently stirring the resulting solution to avoid the formation of a foam until obtaining a homogeneous solution, and subsequently diluting the mixture to obtain a total polymer concentration of from 2 to 4%, preferably 2%, by weight;c′) optionally, adding a chemical crosslinker to the solution obtained in step c);d) pouring the solution prepared in step c) or in step c′) into a container with the bottom made of a material having thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 15 W/(m·K) and side walls made of a material having thermal conductivity less than or equal to 1 W/(m·K);d′) in case step c′) has been carried out, keeping said contain closed until obtaining a ...

ISOCYANATE-BASED POLYMER FOAM WITH IMPROVED THERMAL INSULATION PROPERTIES

This invention relates to rigid isocyanate-based polymer foam comprising a carbon black component comprising at least 50 weight percent of a fluorinated carbon black. Said foam having improved thermal properties, specifically, rigid polyurethane and/or polyisocyanurate foams for use in insulation applications. 1. A rigid isocyanate-based polymer foam having improved thermal insulation properties made from a reactive formulation comprising a mixture of: '(i) an organic isocyanate,', '(A) an A-side comprising'} (ii) an isocyanate-reactive component,', '(iii) a blowing agent,', 'and', '(iv) one or more additional component selected from a catalyst, a nucleating agent, a surfactant, a crosslinker, a chain extender, a flame retardant, a filler, a colorant, a pigment, an antistatic agent, reinforcing fibers, an antioxidant, a preservative, an infrared blocking agent, or an acid scavenger,, '(B) a B-side comprisingand '(v) from 50 to 100 percent by weight of a fluorinated carbon black having a fluorine to carbon (F/C) molar ratio of at least 10/90, wherein parts by weight are based on the weight of the B-side component (B) and component (C) may be in either wholly in the A-side (A), wholly in the B-side (B) or a portion in the A-side and a portion in the B-side.', '(C) from 3 to 7 parts carbon black comprising'}2. The rigid isocyanate-based polymer foam of wherein the organic isocyanate is 2 claim 1 ,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,6-toluene diisocyanate claim 1 , or mixtures thereof; 2 claim 1 ,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate claim 1 , 4 claim 1 ,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate claim 1 , or mixtures thereof; mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and oligomers thereof having an isocyanate functionality greater than 2 known in the art as “crude” or polymeric MDI; or MDI comprising urethane claim 1 , allophanate claim 1 , urea claim 1 , biuret claim 1 , carbodiimide claim 1 , uretonimine and/or ...

QUATERNIZED NITROGEN COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized nitrogen compounds, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel and lubricant additive, more particularly as a detergent additive; to additive packages which comprise these compounds; and to fuels and lubricants thus additized. The present invention further relates to the use of these quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, especially in common-rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common-rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems. 1. A fuel composition comprising , in a majority of a customary fuel , a proportion of at least one reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound , or a fraction thereof which comprises a quaternized nitrogen compound and is obtained from the reaction product by purification , said reaction product being obtained bya. reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound with a compound comprising at least one nitrogen group capable of an addition reaction with the polycarboxylic acid, and comprising at least one quaternizable amino group, to obtain a quaternizable hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound, and 'wherein said compound comprising said at least one nitrogen group capable of an addition reaction is a N-alkyl-substituted analog of a straight-chain polyamine.', 'b. subsequent reaction thereof with a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group, said quaternizing agent being the alkyl ester of a cycloaromatic or cycloaliphatic mono- or polycarboxylic acid, especially of a mono- or dicarboxylic acid, or of an aliphatic polycarboxylic acid, especially dicarboxylic ...

OIL-IN-WATER EMULSIONS

The invention relates to oil-in-water (water continuous) emulsions that can be used as fuels, and which have high static and dynamic stability, to a process for their preparation, and to fuel compositions comprising such emulsions. 1. An oil-in-water emulsion comprising an oil phase; an aqueous phase; from 0.05 to 0.6 wt % of a cationic primary surfactant; and up to 0.25 wt % of a polymeric stabiliser , wherein the polymeric stabiliser comprises one or more cationic polymers , and in particular cationic polymers containing monomers comprising dialkylaminoalkyl acrylate or dialkylaminoalkyl methacrylate quaternary salts , or dialkylaminoalkylacrylamides or methacrylamides and their quaternary salts; wherein the oil phase is dispersed in the aqueous phase; and wherein the oil-in-water emulsion has the following characteristics:an average droplet size (D[4,3]) in the range of from 3 to 15 μm, wherein the average droplet size if expressed as the Volume Moment Mean and is measured using light scattering techniques;less than 3 wt % of the droplets have a particle size of greater than 125 μm, wherein droplet size is measured using light scattering techniques;{'sup': '−1', 'a viscosity of greater than 50 and up to 700 mPas at 50° C.±10% and 20 s±10%, wherein viscosity is measured on a Malvern Kinexus™ instrument; and'}a static stability of less than 5% residue after centrifugation at 50° C.±10% and 2000 g±10% for 30 minutes ±10%.2. The oil-in-water emulsion as claimed in claim 1 , comprising one or more primary surfactants claim 1 , in which at least one primary surfactant is selected from one or more from the group consisting of fatty alkyl amines claim 1 , ethoxylated fatty alkylamines claim 1 , ethoxylated fatty alkyl monoamines claim 1 , methylated fatty alkyl monoamines claim 1 , methylated fatty alkyl amines claim 1 , and quaternary fatty alkyl amines.3. The oil-in-water emulsion according to claim 1 , having a dynamic stability of less than 0.30 μm increase in mean ( ...

LOW DENSITY FOAMED ARTICLES AND METHODS FOR MAKING

Foamed thermoplastic elastomeric polyurethane and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer articles are made with from about 0.1 to about 4 weight percent of supercritical fluid nitrogen based on polymer weight and from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide based on polymer weight, with the supercritical fluid nitrogen and the supercritical fluid carbon dioxide being separately added to the molten polymer. 1. A method for making a low density foamed article , comprising:combining in an extruder a molten polymer selected from the group consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers and thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers with(a) from about 0.1 to about 4 weight percent of supercritical fluid nitrogen based on polymer weight and(b) from about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent of a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide based on polymer weight to form a mixture, wherein the supercritical fluid nitrogen and the supercritical fluid carbon dioxide are separately added to the molten polymer; andinjection molding and foaming the mixture or extruding and foaming the mixture.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the molten polymer comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer having a Shore A hardness of from about 35 A to about 85 A.3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the Shore A hardness is from about 50 A to about 80 A.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the molten polymer comprises a thermoplastic ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer having from about 25 weight percent to about 50 weight percent vinyl acetate content.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein a physical or chemical blowing agent other than a supercritical fluid is combined with the molten polymer in an amount of up to about 15 weight percent based on polymer weight.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein from about 1 to about 3 weight percent of supercritical CObased on polymer weight and from about 0.4 to about 2.5 weight percent of ...

Functionalized polymers containing polyamine succinimide for antifouling in hydrocarbon refining processes

A multipurpose chemical additives (MPC) is disclosed to mitigate fouling in hydrocarbon refinery processes, such as in a heat exchanger. A method for reducing fouling of a hydrocarbon is also disclosed that includes (i) providing a crude hydrocarbon for a refining process; and (ii) adding an additive to the crude hydrocarbon.

ADDITIVE MIXTURE FOR THE BACTERICIDAL AND ANTICORROSIVE ADDITIZATION OF FUELS

An additive mixture for fuels including a) at least one N-formal, b) at least one antioxidant and c) at least one corrosion inhibitor. The additive mixture ensures that the additized fuels and lubricants have biocidal and corrosion-inhibiting additization, especially when they include proportions of renewable raw materials, such as biodiesel, and when they are in contact with copper-containing surfaces. 1. An additive mixture for fuels , comprising:a) at least 80% by weight of at least one N-formal selected from the group consisting of N,N′-methylenebis(4-methyloxazolidine), α,α′,α″-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-(2H,4H,6H)triethanol, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, dimethylolurea, 5-ethyl-3,7-dioxa-1-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, 2-(hydroxymethylamino)ethanol, methylenebis(tetrahydro-1,3-bisoxazine), 5-methylolchloro-acetamide, bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, diazolidinylurea, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate and 3,4,4-trimethyloxazolidine, 2,2′,2″-(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-triyl)triethanol, tetrahydro-1,3,4,6-tetrakis(hydroxylmethyl)imidazo[4,5-d]imidazole-2,5-(1H,3H)dione (TMAD) and tetramethylolglycoluril,b) at least 1% by weight of at least one antioxidant selected from the group consisting of sterically hindered phenols, amines, vitamin E and derivatives thereof, and alkyl gallates, and 'wherein the weight ratio of component b) to component c) is 1:10 to 10:1.', 'c) at least 1% by weight of at least one corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole, tolyltriazole and N,N-bis(2-ethylhexyl)((1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)amine,'}2. The additive mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the N-formal is N claim 1 ,N′-methylenebis(5-methyloxazolidine).3. The additive mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT) claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,6-di-tert-butylphenol claim 1 , lauryl gallate and Vitamin E.4. The additive ...

FUEL ADDITIVE AND FUEL COMPOSITION

A fuel additive includes methyl tert-butyl ether in an amount between 35% and 55% by weight, saturated hydrocarbons in an amount between 25% and 35% by weight and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in an amount between 3% and 12% by weight. 1. A fuel additive comprising:methyl tert-butyl ether in an amount between 35% and 55% by weight;saturated hydrocarbons in an amount between 25% and 35% by weight; andan organometallic compound in an amount between 3% and 12% by weight.2. The fuel additive of claim 1 , further comprising:toluene in an amount between 6% and 12% by weight;heavy naphtha in an amount between 5% and 11% by weight;naphthalene in an amount between 0.5% and 2% by weight; andtrimethylbenzene in an amount between 0.1 and 1.5% by weight.3. The fuel additive of claim 2 , further comprising:no more than 0.25% benzene by weight; andno more than 0.025% ethylbenzene by weight.4. The fuel additive of claim 1 , wherein the organometallic compound comprises methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT).5. The fuel additive of claim 4 , wherein the saturated hydrocarbons are predominantly heptane.6. The fuel additive of claim 5 , wherein the fuel additive comprises:methyl tert-butyl ether in an amount between 45% and 50% by weight;heptane in an amount between 28% and 35% by weight; andMMT in an amount between 3% and 5% by weight.7. The fuel additive of claim 1 , wherein the saturated hydrocarbons are isoalkanes.8. The fuel additive of claim 7 , wherein the saturated hydrocarbons are selected from the group consisting of isopentane claim 7 , isoheptane claim 7 , isooctane and combinations thereof.9. A fuel composition comprising:a major amount of a mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range; and methyl tert-butyl ether in an amount between 35% and 55% by weight;', 'alkanes in an amount between 25% and 35% by weight; and', 'methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in an amount between 3% and 12% by weight., 'a minor amount of a fuel ...

NOVEL HYDROGEL TISSUE EXPANDERS

The present invention provides tissue expanders comprising biodegradable, chemically cross-linked hydrogels which are elastic in the dry state. These biocompatible tissue expanders are self-inflating and membrane-free. They swell slowly and elicit minimal negative tissue responses, while allowing for rapid and easy manipulation by the surgeon at the time of emplacement. 1. A hydrogel , chemically-cross-linked via ester-acrylate bonds , comprising: triblock (PLGA)-(PEG)-(PLGA)copolymers having molecular weights of 1 ,000 to 50 ,000 Da , wherein: the percent ratio of ((molecular weight of total PLGA)/(molecular weight of total copolymer)×100%) for the copolymers is >60%; and each of x , y , and z is independently an integer from 1 to 500.2. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the triblock (PLGA)-(PEG)-(PLGA)copolymers have molecular weights of 2 claim 1 ,000 to 40 claim 1 ,000 Da.3. (canceled)4. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the percent ratio of ((molecular weight of total PLGA)/(molecular weight of total copolymer)×100%) for the copolymers is 95-75%.5. (canceled)6. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the triblock (PLGA)-(PEG)-(PLGA)copolymers comprise 1% to 80% (w/w) of the hydrogel.7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein the lactide:glycolide ratio in the (PLGA)x copolymer ranges from about 50:50 to about 99:1.10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein (PLGA)is about 1000 to about 7000 Da claim 1 , (PEG)is about 200 to about 2000 Da claim 1 , and (PLGA)is about 1000 to about 7000 Da.14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. The hydrogel of claim 1 , wherein x=z.18. The hydrogel of claim 1 , further comprising (PLGA)- or (PLA)-diacrylates having molecular weights of 1 claim 1 ,000 to 200 claim 1 ,000 Da.19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. The hydrogel of claim 18 , wherein the concentration of the (PLGA)- or (PLA)-diacrylates is 1% to 30% (w/w) of the hydrogel.22. (canceled)23. (canceled)24. The hydrogel of ...

Use Of Compounds Revealing The Efficiency Of Filterability Additives In Hydrocarbon Distillates, And Synergic Composition Containing Same

The invention relates to the use, in a hydrocarbon distillate with a boiling temperature of between 150 and 450° C. and a crystallization onset temperature as measured by Differential Calorimetric Analysis of greater than or equal to −50° C., preferably of −5° C. to +10° C., of a homopolymer obtained from an olefinic ester of carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms and from a fatty alcohol containing a chain of more than 16 carbon atoms and optionally an olefinic double bond, as a compound for revealing the efficiency of filterability additives based on copolymer and/or terpolymers of ethylene and of vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and of a monoalcohol containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The invention is also directed to an additive composition comprising a conventional hydrocarbon filterability additive in combination with an efficiency reveal additive, and also to the combustion fuels, motor fuel and oil fuel that comprise these additive combinations. 1. A method of improving the activity of filterability additives , added to a hydrocarbon distillate , the method comprising:adding a polyacrylate to a hydrocarbon distillate containing filterability additives, the filterability additives comprising a copolymer and/or terpolymer of ethylene and of a vinyl ester of a carboxylic acid with 2 to 5 carbon atoms and of a monoalcohol comprising 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the hydrocarbon distillate being resistant to the filterability additives,wherein the polyacrylate comprises side hydrocarbon chains with 18-40 carbon atoms, and the hydrocarbon distillate has a boiling temperature comprised between 150 and 450° C., an onset crystallization temperature as measured by differential scanning calorimetry analysis, greater than or equal to −5° C., and a weight content of n-paraffins containing more than 18 carbon atoms greater than 4%,wherein the polyacrylate cooperates synergistically with the filterability additives to increase the filterability of the ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING SUPERABSORBENT POLYMER

The present invention provides a method for preparing a superabsorbent polymer, the method comprising the steps of: forming a function gel polymer by cross-linked polymerization of a monomer mixture under the presence of an internal cross-linking agent, the monomer mixture including a water-soluble ethylene-based unsaturated monomer having an acid group at least part of which is neutralized, a carbonate, a volatile organic solvent, a surfactant, and a bubble promoting agent; forming a base resin powder by drying, grinding, and classifying the function gel polymer; and forming a surface cross-linked layer by additional cross-linking of the surface of the base resin powder under the presence of a surface cross-linking agent. The method for preparing a superabsorbent polymer may provide a superabsorbent polymer which has a porous structure, thereby exhibiting an excellent absorption rate while exhibiting excellent gel strength. Such a superabsorbent polymer may have excellent physical properties such as water retention capacity, absorbency under pressure, and flowage. 1. A method of preparing a superabsorbent polymer , the method comprising the steps of: performing crosslinking polymerization of a monomer mixture in the presence of an internal crosslinking agent to form a water-containing gel polymer , the monomer mixture including water-soluble ethylene-based unsaturated monomers having acidic groups which are at least partially neutralized , a carbonate , a volatile organic solvent , a surfactant , and a foam promoter; drying , pulverizing , and size-sorting the water-containing gel polymer to form a base polymer powder; and additionally crosslinking the surface of the base polymer powder in the presence of a surface crosslinking agent to form a surface-crosslinked layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein one or more selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate claim 1 , calcium carbonate claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , ...