ИНДИКАТОРНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

Изобретение относится к индикаторным устройствам, определяющим старение объектов из пластмассы, и в данном случае, определяющим старение защитной каски. Индикаторное устройство содержит первый несущий материал и первый пигмент, размещенный в первом несущем материале. Первый пигмент способен разрушаться под воздействием ультрафиолетового излучения. Первый несущий материал выполнен с изменяющейся толщиной так, что при воздействии ультрафиолетового излучения происходит видимое изменение пигмента, что приводит к изменяющемуся видимому изменению на первой поверхности первого несущего материала. В качестве второго объекта рассматривается защитная каска с упомянутым индикаторным устройством. Изобретение обеспечивает точное отражение степени старения материала объекта. 2 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил.

ДОЗИМЕТР УФ-ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Использование: изобретение относится к области радиационных измерений, в частности, к измерениям дозы УФ-излучения. Сущность изобретения: защитный контейнер в виде медальона (кулона) с цепочкой для ношения на шее пользователя содержит трехслойное измерительно-индикаторное устройство из двух наружных слоев из фотохромного материала с обратимым фотохромизмом и разнесенными областями интенсивного поглощения в спектрах поглощения света исходной (длина волны менее 320 нм) и фотоиндуцированной (в окрестности 550 нм) форм и внутреннего слоя из набора светофильтров с полосой пропускания в окрестности 550 нм и переменным поглощением в максимуме. Количество светофильтров и дискретность изменения поглощения в максимуме их пропускания определяется диапазоном и дискретностью индикации доз излучения. По мере накопления дозы на наружной поверхности растет оптическая плотность фотоиндуцированной формы фотохромного материала и последовательно компенсируется пропускание отдельных светофильтров набора. При ...

ОПТОЭЛЕКТРОННЫЙ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ИОНОВ В ЖИДКИХ СРЕДАХ

Оптоэлектронный измеритель концентрации ионов в жидких средах, содержащий U-образный световод с измерительной частью, на которой отсутствует защитная оболочка, фотоприемник, источник излучения, отличающийся тем, что, с целью повышения точности измерения, на измерительную часть световода нанесен слой, содержащий цветовой индикатор анализируемых ионов, причем наружная поверхность указанного слоя покрыта слоем вещества, проницаемого для анализируемых ионов и непроницаемого для индикаторного вещества.

Photometer zum Messen der Bestrahlung durch Lichtquellen fuer therapeutische Zwecke

Improvements in or relating to photographic photometers

... 234,147. Schlichter, W. Dec. 17, 1923. Exposure meters.-Relates to a meter of the type in which the objective of an optical actinometer projects a real image of the subject to be photographed on a portion of a plane of which the remaining parts contain reference fields which are illuminated by dispersed daylight from the neighbourhood of the subject, the actinic power of which is measured by means of sensitized paper darkened to standard tints, in such a manner that from the adjustment of the image to the reference fields, the time taken for the exposure of the sensitive paper, the sensitiveness of the negative and the lens aperture, the required time of exposure can be determined by means of a scale of calculation arranged on the actinometer, and consists in providing the meter with a member formed in sections corresponding to the reference fields, each section having a group of openings of different aggregate area so that the gradation of brightness of the reference fields is determined ...

Multi-filter mask for determining skin sensitivity to UV light.

A subject of the present invention is to achieve accurate measurement of an ultraviolet dose of a test region of a subject (patient) by a single measuring cycle, to provide a measuring tool not including any members requiring manual operations, to prevent an examiner from exposure to ultraviolet radiation and to improve safety. An optimum ultraviolet dose determining tool, for ultraviolet radiotherapy, is used to determine an optimum ultraviolet dose in advance. The optimum ultraviolet dose determining tool can be placed on the skin of a patient and is provided with an attenuation filter (1A, 1B or 1C) having a plurality of optical areas respectively having different, known ultraviolet-ray transmittances or reflectances. The may be several distinct windows or optical areas with different filter values or the filter may be a single filter having an attenuation or reflection gradient across it. The filter may be of a dielectric type.

Direct skin radiation dose measurement system with quantitative optical read-out

Colour changing materials sensitive to UV or ionizing radiation (i.e. radiochromic) are used oin a flexible adhesive patch attached to the skin. Calibration regions are included in addition to at least one functional cell. A camera is used to capture images of the function in addition to any calibration reference regions. An algorithm converts a digital picture obtained into a dose map of the functional colour changing region of the patch, providing in-vivo real time dosimetry.

Improvements in and relating to Actinometers.

... 13,459. Lang, L., [trading as W³nsche (Nachfolger), E.]. June 10. Actinometers. - The test strips 6 are mounted on a spindle 2, Fig. 1, behind an aperture 9 in the back of the actinometer, which is in the form of a watch. The strips are held together by prongs 5 and clamped between the plates 4, 7. The standard tints are on a sheet 10 mounted on a fixed plate 11, the sheet being slotted opposite the aperture 6. The actinometer scales, Fig. 4, are adapted and arranged on the assumption that normally the photographer will be working with the same plate, and comprise the exposure and actinometer times on the outer periphery and the inner subject and aperture disks 15, 17, which normally rotate together in frictional contact. The disk 15 carries a toothed flange 14 and is adjusted from the handle 12, Fig. 3, by the pinion 13. The subject indication is set opposite the actinometer time, and the required exposure is then indicated opposite the aperture used. In order to allow for different plates ...

Stable UV indicator

A colourimetric indicator comprises an ultra-violet radiation-driven acid release agent; a pH indicator which displays altered colour between deprotonated and acid forms; a proton scavenging agent; and a UV stabiliser. In an aspect, the indicator also comprises a binder and a solvent or carrier. The acid release agent, e.g. diphenyl iodonium choride, may release a proton when exposed to UVA, UVB or UVC. The pH indicator may comprise a pH-sensitive dye, e.g. thymol blue. The proton-scavenging agent may comprise a base. The UV stabiliser may comprise a hindered amine light stabiliser, such as a sebacate diester or other derivative, especially bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-(piperidine) sebacate, perhaps at a concentration of 0.05-0.1 w/v % or 0.14-0.71 wt% by solid content. The indicator may be in the form of an ink, and may be applied to a self-supporting substrate layer 10, to form a wearable article.

Radiation Monitor

Radiation dosage indicator

UV SENSITIVE LEUCOCYANIDE-ALBUMIN COMPLEX

SUNBURN DOSIMETER

APPARATUSES, COMPONENTS AND METHODOLOGIES FOR DETERMINING SUITABILITY CONDITIONS FOR PLANT GROWTH

Mechanisms are provided to easily determining an indication of the amount of light available at a growing location over a given period of time. Such mechanisms may be used indoors or outdoors and are designed so as to provide an easily readable and understandalbe indication of the amount of light available at a growing location either empirically or with reference to a reference color chart.

INTEGRATING ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE DETECTION DEVICES

Diyne monomers are used as photochromic agents in devices or formulations. The devices and formulations may be applied to body parts for semi-permanent attachment at various sites to allow for detection of levels of ultraviolet radiation. Clear films may be placed on eyeglass lenses to detect UV radiation occurring between the lens and the eye.

PHOTOSENSITIVE PRINTING COMPOSITION

The invention relates to a photosensitive printing composition comprising a photocatalyst which exhibits a photocatalytic effect when exposed to UV and/or visible radiation, a colouring agent that exhibits a colour change in response to the photocatalytic effect, and a film forming agent. The composition has a viscosity suitable for printing. The invention further relates to a sun-exposure sensor comprising a photosensitive layer printed on a surface of a support, the photosensitive layer comprising a photocatalyst which exhibits a photocatalytic effect when exposed to UV and/or visible radiation, a colouring agent that exhibits a colour change in response to the photocatalytic effect, and a film forming agent.

SENSORS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING WHETHER AN ITEM HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

A method for determining whether an item has been exposed to an environmental condition during a monitoring period. The method includes placing a sensor at least in proximity to the item at the beginning of the monitoring period so that the sensor will be exposed to a level of an environmental condition that can be correlated to an exposure level of the item to the environmental condition; reading the sensor; and determining from reading the sensor whether the item has been exposed to the environmental condition. The sensor includes a detecting material comprising a photochromic or photothermochromic material, the detecting material selected so that upon exposure to the environmental condition the detecting material exhibits a detectable color change.

ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION SENSOR

An ultraviolet radiation sensor that may be worn on the skin to indicate exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation. The sensor comprises a transparent semipermeable membrane having an upper and a lower surface, an adhesive capable of releasably adhering the semi-permeable membrane to human skin, and an indicator to visually indicate exposure to ultraviolet radiation. When the sensor is attached to human skin, by way of the adhesive, it allows for the migration of water vapour and gases from the surface of the skin through the sensor and into the atmosphere.

Lichtempfindliche Schicht.

Lichtempfindliche farbige Schicht.

СПОСОБ КОЛОРИМЕТРИЧЕСКОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ВЕЩЕСТВ

Способ колориметрического определения концентрации веществ включает изготовление серии стандартных разведений аналита; отбор опытных образцов раствора анализируемого вещества; добавление к образцу и серии стандартных разведений аналита хромогенного аналитического реагента, внесение окрашенного соединения с помощью автоматического дозатора в лунки иммунологического планшета; получение цифрового изображения иммунологического планшета с помощью сканера; определение цветного канала цифровых изображений образцов, значение интенсивности которого меняется более всего; определение абсорбции света каждого образца в этом канале; построение калибровочного графика зависимости абсорбции света образцом в выбранном цветном канале от концентрации аналита в серии стандартных разведений; определение концентрации аналита в образце по этому графику. Получение цифрового изображения иммунологического планшета осуществляют в режиме абсолютной колориметрии, с отключенной автоматической коррекцией цвета, с компенсацией ...

Photometer with sensitized paper

Actinometer

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VISUALIZATION OF TERAHERTZ ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

Indicating device intended to determine the intensity of the ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun

UV RAY-SENSITIVE SHEET, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR, AND UV RAY SENSING METHOD

Provided is a UV ray-sensitive sheet whereby it is easy to measure UV ray exposure over a large surface area, said sheet enabling superior UV ray exposure measurements in the range of 1-1000 mJ/cm2. Also provided are a production method for the UV ray-sensitive sheet, and a UV ray sensing method. When the UV ray-sensitive sheet is irradiated with light from a high-pressure mercury lamp and measurements are taken at the wavelength of 365 nm, the change in the reflection density (ΔD1) when the integrated illuminance is in the range from 1 to less than 10 mJ/cm2, the change in the reflection density (ΔD2) when the integrated illuminance is in the range from 10 to less than 100 mJ/cm2, and the change in the reflection density (ΔD3) when the integrated illuminance is in the range from 100 to 1000 mJ/cm2 are each 0.2 or greater.

RADIATION MONITOR

The present invention provides a method for monitoring temporal variation in irradiating radiation received by a material, comprising the steps of: providing a flow of an actinometric fluid (4) through a monitoring portion (22) of a passage (10), such that said actinometric fluid therein intercepts a flux of said irradiating radiation (13) representative of the flux of the radiation received by the material; and analysing said actinometric fluid (4) downstream of said monitoring portion (22) so as to measure a change in said actinometric fluid due to irradiation by said intercepted radiation flux. The invention also provides an apparatus for use in the above method.

Indicating the intensity of a predetermined type of radiation

A detecting device for indicating the intensity of a predetermined type of radiation present in electromagnetic radiation incident on the detecting device can include:a filter element for filtering the incident electromagnetic radiation, wherein the filter element is configured to filter off electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of above 590 nm from the incident electromagnetic radiation;a converging element configured to increase the density of photons of the predetermined type of radiation present in the incident electromagnetic radiation; anda sensor element of material arranged to receive the incident electromagnetic radiation that has passed through the filter element and the converging element for indicating the intensity of the predetermined type of radiation present in the incident electromagnetic radiation by change of the color of the sensor element of material, wherein the material is represented by the following formula: (M′)8(M″M′″)6O24(X,S)2:M″″ (formula (I)).

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR VISUALISING INFRARED ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EMITTED BY A SOURCE

Dosimetry using the circadian action spectrum

UV AGING DISPLAY FOR PLASTIC PRODUCTS, IN PARTICULAR FOR SAFETY HELMETS

PHOTODETECTOR

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the taking of pictures with a single use camera by including a photochromic reagent dispersed in hydrophilic colloid into a photodetector. SOLUTION: This photodetector includes a transparent layer 12 cured above a circular indicator element and a layer 14 which is an optically active layer to change its color when exposed to the sunshine. A base paper layer 16 has a waterproof coat consisting of polymers 18 and 22. This element has also an adhesive layer 24 shown as if the layer is coated with removable paper 26. This paper is removed and the element is fixed by the adhesive layer 24 to a suitable base body like that of the single use camera. The preferable materials for the layer 12 and the layer 14 are the hydrophilic colloid, for example, gelatin which makes the rapid reaction of the photochromic compd. dispersed in the gelatin layer 14 possible. The layer 12 is usually the hydrophilic colloid contg. a crosslinking agent for forming the hard surface.

ДАТЧИК ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДОЗЫ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ УЛЬТРАФИОЛЕТОВЫМ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕМ И ФОТОЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ ДЛЯ ИНДИКАЦИИ ОБЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к области контроля облучения ультрафиолетовым (УФ) излучением, более конкретно к датчикам, использующим фоточувствительные элементы, изменяющие свой цвет или прозрачность в видимом диапазоне спектра в зависимости от полученной ими суммарной дозы облучения в УФ-диапазоне, и способным по изменению их цвета определять величину этой дозы. Фоточувствительные элементы могут быть использованы и самостоятельно для оценки этой дозы. Фоточувствительный элемент на основе полимера в виде пленки, пластинки или объемной фигуры содержит по меньшей мере одну область, в которой созданы локальные нарушения структуры полимера, являющиеся центрами, инициирующими фотохимическую реакцию, приводящую к дальнейшему изменению структуры молекул полимера в области этих центров, которое и вызывает изменение его цвета или прозрачности. 2 с. и 28 з. п. ф-лы, 9 ил.

СПОСОБ ИНДИКАЦИИ УРОВНЯ ОСВЕЩЕННОСТИ

Изобретение относится к области измерений световых параметров и может быть использовано при дозировании ультрафиолетового излучения при приеме солнечных ванн. Способ включает облучение светочувствительного приемника излучения, в качестве которого используют сухую пленку бактериородопсина, в который введено вещество, увеличивающее время фотоцикла бактериородопсина, и определение уровня освещенности по обратимому изменению цвета бактериородопсина при облучении путем сравнения цвета облученного бактериородопсина с цветными эталонными метками, которые окрашены в цвета, соответствующие цвету облученного бактериородопсина при различном уровне солнечной освещенности. Изобретение позволяет повысить надежность и упростить процесс определения уровня солнечной радиации. 1 з.п. ф-лы.

СПОСОБ КАЛИБРОВКИ ПРИЕМНИКА СВЕТОВОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ЗАКРЫТОЙ ИОНИЗАЦИОННОЙ КАМЕРЫ

Изобретение относится к оптическим измерениям. Цель изобретения повышение точности измерений при калибровке в абсолютных единицах. Для этого определяют с помощью актинометра интенсивность излучения, прошедшего в камеру, коэффициент пропорциональности между интенсивностью излучения и величиной фототока, а интенсивность излучения любого другого источника света определяют с помощью этого коэффициента пропорциональности. 1 ил.

Способ определения прочности строительной пленки и устройство для его осуществления

Группа изобретений относится к области строительства, а именно к способам и средствам определения остаточного ресурса пленок от воздействия ультрафиолета, использующихся в строительстве и расположенных на незащищенных от солнечных лучей местах. Сущность изобретения в части способа заключается в том, что индикатором ультрафиолетового излучения, представляющим собой фрагмент материала из полиэфирной пленки с нанесенным на него слоем полимеризованного безмасляного тонера желтого цвета, определяют остаточный ресурс пленки на основании идентификации изменения цвета указанного слоя в результате воздействия на него солнечных лучей и по цвету слоя индикатора получают информацию о солнечном излучении, полученном пленкой в течение периода времени с момента ее укладки до закрытия ее поверхности внешней строительной конструкцией, кровельными или фасадными материалами. Изобретение обеспечивает повышение надежности и ресурса строительных конструкций, в которых используются строительные пленки, за счет ...

Способ определения спектрального распределения интенсивности излучения источника света в вакуумной ультрафиолетовой области спектра

Изобретение относится к области химической, молекулярной физики и оптики, а более конкретно к способам измерения спектрального распределения интенсивности излучения источников света в вакуумной ультрафиолетовой (ВУФ) области спектра. Цель - повышение определения средних по диапазону (λ I - λ I+10) интенсивностей излучения. Способ заключается в облучении кюветы с актинометром N 2O через кювету со сменными фильтрами и определении средних по диапазону λ I - λ I+1 значений интенсивности излучения по выходу невымораживающихся продуктов фотолиза. 2 ил.

Belichtungsmesser

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Dosieren von Strahlung

"A METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING UV RADIATION"

A device (1) for monitoring UV radiation received by the skin comprises a housing (2). Adhesive on a face (11) of the housing (2) secures the device (1) to the skin. A patch (16) of irreversible UV sensitive material which changes colour on being subjected to UV radiation is applied to an inner surface (15) of the housing (2) and receives UV radiation reflected from the skin. The material of the housing (2) acts as a barrier to UV radiation, thereby protecting the patch (16) from direct UV radiation. Openings (18) in the housing (2) allow UV radiation to pass to the skin. The colour of the patch (16) is compared with reference colours (19a) to (19d) on the housing (2) for determining the quantity of UV radiation to which the skin has been subjected. ...

Improvements in or relating to Photographic Exposure Meter.

... 12,156. Boucher, P. June 15, 1911, [Convention date]. Actinometers.-The instrument is fitted with a lens O, Fig. 2, and a removable magazine M containing a pack of circular sensitized disks which are pressed against the front face F by the spring R. The face F, Fig. 6, has a circular opening e for exposure and the outside rim has a series of graduated tints. In use, the lens cap B is removed and the front disk exposed for a certain time. The magazine is removed to compare the density of the image with the tints on the face F from which the exposure for the plate is calculated. In the case of an image having great contrasts, the magazine is rotated during exposure into four successive positions to obtain a blurred image, thereby facilitating comparison with the tints. For this purpose the case T contains a sight G which is used with notches on the back plate C of the magazine to point the actinometer on to the object. The exposed disk is removed through a slot A in the front edge of the ...

DOSIMETRY WITH APPLICATION OF THE CIRCADIANE ACTION FUNCTION

UV AGEING INDICATOR

SYSTEMS FOR THE SICHTBARMACHUNG OF THE EXPOSURE BY UV LIGHT AND FOR THE USE FROM UV LIGHT TO THE COLOR CHANGE.

SUNBURN DOSIMETER

Package for a suncream

Photochemotherapy dosimeter

A device for monitoring exposure to radiation, use of such a device, an article and a method for monitoring exposure to radiation

Dose responsive UV indicator

A UV radiation (UVR) response indicator comprises a first UVB and/or UVA radiation sensitive material which has been modified so as to display an altered characteristic in a delayed manner in response to UVB and/or UVA radiation exposure. The UV indicator is capable of displaying exposure to increased UV radiation over a period of time. The present invention also relates to a method of displaying a relative amount of exposure to UVR by a UV indicator over a period of time. The invention is particularly useful in detecting the level of exposure to sunlight or sunbed radiation.

Photosensitive printing composition

The invention relates to a photosensitive printing composition comprising a photocatalyst which exhibits a photocatalytic effect when exposed to UV and/or visible radiation, a colouring agent that exhibits a colour change in response to the photocatalytic effect, and a film forming agent. The composition has a viscosity suitable for printing. The invention further relates to a sun-exposure sensor comprising a photosensitive layer printed on a surface of a support, the photosensitive layer comprising a photocatalyst which exhibits a photocatalytic effect when exposed to UV and/or visible radiation, a colouring agent that exhibits a colour change in response to the photocatalytic effect, and a film forming agent.

SENSORS AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING WHETHER AN ITEM HAS BEEN EXPOSED TO AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

A method for determining whether an item has been exposed to an environmental condition during a monitoring period. The method includes placing a sensor at least in proximity to the item at the beginning of the monitoring period so that the sensor will be exposed to a level of an environmental condition that can be correlated to an exposure level of the item to the environmental condition; reading the sensor; and determining from reading the sensor whether the item has been exposed to the environmental condition. The sensor includes a detecting material comprising a photochromic or photothermochromic material, the detecting material selected so that upon exposure to the environmental condition the detecting material exhibits a detectable color change.

DOSE RESPONSIVE UV INDICATOR

A UV radiation (UVR) response indicator comprises a first UVB and/or UVA radiation sensitive material which has been modified so as to display an altered characteristic in a delayed manner in response to UVB and/or UVA radiation exposure. The UV indicator is capable of displaying exposure to increased UV radiation over a period of time. The present invention also relates to a method of displaying a relative amount of exposure to UVR by a UV indicator over a period of time. The invention is particularly useful in detecting the level of exposure to sunlight or sunbed radiation.

USE OF TEST STRIPS TO PREVENT SUNBURN

Test strips with a flat, preferably oblong foil which carries a matrix containing a photoactive chromogenic substance to pre-determine the duration of stay in the sun that is possible without sunburn; a test system for this determination containing a plurality of test strips; and a test strip pack for housing the test strips and supporting individual test strips during use; a method for the pre-determination of the maximum possible duration of stay in the sun without sunburn involves exposing such a test strip to sunlight, comparing the test strip with a reference scale having different colour zones and determining. such duration from the colour zone of the scale which is nearest to the colour of the exposed matrix.

Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring Device and Use Thereof

RADIATION DOSAGE INDICATOR

Laser spot detection test paper and detection kit thereof

The invention discloses a piece of laser spot detection test paper and a kit thereof. The test paper is provided with a protection layer, a color former layer capable of performing photochromic reaction, a paper base layer and a background gridding layer which are orderly fixed and fitted together from top to bottom. Corresponding arrangement of a colourimetric card displays different colors formed by the corresponding color former layer after the color former layer is irradiated by laser light rays different in energy in a unit time. The laser spot detection test paper and the kit thereof provided by the invention are simple and smart in structure, low in cost and convenient and fast for use; besides, a quantitative detection measure for spot shapes, even energy is added; and therefore, the laser spot detection test paper and the kit thereof are greatly convenient for all circles of production, study and research in the laser industry.

[...] photometer for determining the exposure time in photography

Apparatus for measuring and recording the intensity of the light, and tables for its application to photographing

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR VISUALIZATION OF TERAHERTZ ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

La présente invention concerne un procédé de visualisation d'un rayonnement électromagnétique térahertz, comprenant une étape d'exposition d'un matériau à un rayonnement électromagnétique térahertz ayant une densité de puissance supérieure ou égale à un seuil prédéterminé de densité de puissance, dans laquelle ledit matériau est un matériau comprend un composé à transition de spin, ladite transition étant associée à une transition du coefficient d'absorption du matériau dans le domaine visible adaptée pour visualiser ledit rayonnement électromagnétique. L'invention concerne également un dispositif de visualisation d'un rayonnement électromagnétique térahertz comprenant : un substrat et une couche de matériau comprenant un composé à transition de spin, ladite transition de spin étant associée à une transition du coefficient d'absorption du matériau dans le domaine visible adaptée pour visualiser ledit rayonnement électromagnétique térahertz lorsque ladite couche est exposée au rayonnement ...

RADIOCHROMIC LIQUID SOLUTION

A solution of a leucocyanide dye in a clear polar solvent with enough organic acid added to make the solution at least slightly acidic which is sensitive to small dosages of ionizing and ultraviolet radiation and responds by permanently changing color. Up to one half of the solution by weight can be replaced by a second solution of an aromatic solvent and an organic fluor. Another modification of the invention is a solution of a leucocyanide dye in a clear polar solvent having an aromatic group, an organic fluor, and enough organic acid to make the solution at least slightly acidic.

MULTILAYER COLOURIMETRIC INDICATOR

An apparatus 5 comprises a first layer 20 comprising a colourimetric indicator; and a second layer 30 provided on at least a portion 22 of the first layer 20, at least a portion of the second layer 30 being configured to block and/or absorb a radiation to which the indicator is sensitive or reactive and being configured to be substantially transparent to visible light.

IMAGE READING METHOD AND DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image reading method capable of generating image data having few noises in a short time with a simple operation by irradiating with excitation light image carriers on which labeling material such as fluorescent material, radioactive labeling material or the like is distributed with two-dimensional spread, to excite the labeling material, and by detecting photoelectrically light emitted from the labeling material. SOLUTION: In this image reading method, the image carriers 3, 34, 44 on which the labeling material is distributed with two-dimensional spread are irradiated with excitation light 1, 1a, 1b, 1c, 33, 43, and light 5 emitted from the labeling material is detected photoelectrically, to thereby generate the image data. The image reading method is characterized by including an excitation/ detection step for irradiating the image carriers with line beams of excitation light, to excite the labeling material, and, after stopping irradiation of excitation ...

Способ измерения интенсивности света

СПОСОБ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ИНТЕНСИВНОСТИ СВЕТА, включающий облучение актинометрического вещества исследуемым потоком излучения и измерение концентрации одного из образовавшихся веществ, по которой судят об интенсивности излучения, отличающийся тем, что, с целью расширения спектрального диапазона измерений и повьпиения точности в спектральной области поглощения фтора , в качестве актинометрического ; вещества используют монофторвд хлора C1F, после облучения указанного вещества исследуемым пучком излучения его дополнительно зондируют пучком излучения с длиной волны 210 нм, а концентрацию образовавшегося в результате облучения монофторида хлора :С1 исследуемым пучком излучения трифторида хлора CIF, определяют по поглощению зондирующего (Л пучка.

Фотоэлектрический облакомер

АКТИНОМЕТР

Dosimetrie mit Anwendung der circadiane Wirkungsfunktion

ANZEIGEGERÄT FÜR DIE STRAHLENDOSIS

Improvements in or relating to the controlled supply of radiation energy

... 485,893. Photo - electric control of photographic exposures. NAAMLOOZE VENNOOTSCHAP CHEMISCHE FABRIEK L. VAN DER GRINTEN. April 9, 1937, No. 10189. Convention date, April 9, 1936. [Class 40 (iii)] [Also in Group XX] The supply of radiation, e.g. in copying photographic images, is controlled by allowing the radiation to fall on a light-sensitive diazo layer and terminating the supply of radiation when rays initially absorbed by the layer subsequently penetrate it owing to the decomposition of the diazo compound. The penetration may be observed directly or the penetrating rays allowed to fall on a screen which makes short wave rays visible or a photoelectric cell ionization chamber, or thermocouple. Other rays which have a disturbing effect on the observation may be filtered out. In the form shown, f is the body to be exposed to radiation, e.g. a blue-print layer, from the source a. Light from the source a also falls on a layer of a diazo compound b. c Is a filter for cutting out undesired ...

Improvements in Apparatus for Calculating Photographic Exposures.

... 6380. Wynne, G. F. March 13. [Cognate Application, 16,258/14.] Exposure meters and actinometers.-Relates to exposure-calculating apparatus of the type comprising an actinometer and calculating-scales contained in a case of watch shape. The case consists of two parts 1, 2, Figs. 1, 4 and 5, hinged together at 3 and provided with a spring catch 5, 6, the part 1 containing the actinometer parts and the part 2 the calculating- scales. A stationary sheet of sensitive paper is placed in the bottom of the part 1, and over it is placed a removable rotary dish plate 7, Fig. 6, which is normally retained by the engagement of projections 20 under a flange 8, Fig. 5, and is provided with a slot or window 10, through which different parts of the paper can be exposed by turning the dish plate 7 by means of a milled edge 9. Standard tints 14, Fig. 1, are painted on each side of the slot 10, and are protected from dirt by a transparent disk 13, Fig. 6, above which is an opaque disk 11 having a circular ...

DEVICE FOR THE MONITORING OF A RADIATION SUSPENSION, APPLICATION OF SUCH A DEVICE AS WELL AS ARTICLE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE MONITORING OF A RADIATION SUSPENSION

Package for a suncream

A dosimeter for sun radiation

Device and method for determination of safe tanning time

The invention relates to a container for sunscreen agent in which the sunscreen agent has a specific predetermined sun-protection factor, comprising a sealing device (2) by which the container (1) can be closed to make its opening (8) completely sealed, the container (1) being provided with at least one sun sensor (3) arranged to indicate the current UV intensity by changing its hue depending on the UV intensity of the radiation striking the sensor (3), said container further comprising a colour-reference range (4) for comparative reading of the hue of the sensor to enable the determination of UV intensity, and time indicator (50) for determining the period of time during which a person of a specific skin type can expose his or her skin to solar radiation at said determined UV intensity without sunburn arising, provided said person has applied the sunscreen agent from the container to the skin, said sun sensor (3) being arranged as an integral part of the container (1) and being positioned ...

Fluid sensor apparatus

FLUID SENSOR APPARATUS The invention relates to a fluid sensor apparatus (101) and a related sensor card (109) for determining and/or monitoring a pH and/or solute concentration in a fluid. The fluid sensor apparatus can be used in any application requiring the detection of fluid components or concentrations of solutes, and in an exemplary embodiment, is used to detect ammonia concentration and/or pH in dialysis fluid. The fluid sensor apparatus has a camera (106), a light source (131) positioned opposite to the camera (106), and a receiving slot (112) for positioning a removable sensor card (109) between the camera (106) and the light source (131) such that both sides of the sensor card (109) are exposed to the sampled fluid. 1 1t 106 125o 103 -- 118 -23 - -- ---- 120 114--o 12F l1 ...

PHOTOSENSITIVE COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTS

A photosensitive composition is disclosed, which is capable of offering a visual, calibrated reaction to the presence of ultraviolet radiation. The composition comprises a complex of a leuco dye and animal-derived serum albumin. The preparation of this complex has been found to stabilize the leuco dyes, to avoid fading after the presentation of a color reaction upon exposure. Also, the leuco dye-serum albumin albumin complex is capable of exacting calibration, so that scientifically significant quantitative measurements of ultra violet light exposure can be made. Moreover, the present composition eliminates the need for the addition to the leuco dye of various activator compounds, that are chemically unstable, e.g. volatile, or present potential exposure to toxicity, in the instance where personal applications for the photosensitive composition are contemplated. The present invention includes a method of preparing the photosensitive composition, including the preparation of an ultraviolet ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE DETECTION OF EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

A device for detecting exposure to light includes: a photo-responsive layer including a photochromic material; a skin-mimicking cover layer covering a first side of the photo-responsive layer; and an adhesive layer configured to couple a second side of the photo-responsive layer opposite the first side to a surface.

Photometer

Apparatus for the measurement of x-rays and other radiations similar

Improvements with the layers sensitive to the light

LIQUID SOLUTION RADIOCHROMIQUE TO MEASURE THE AMOUNTS OF RADIATIONS RECEIVED BY A PERSON

Apparatus applicable to photography for the measurement of the duration

SCENTED MAGNETIC STICKER FOR MEASURING ULTRAVIOLET RAY, WIRELESS PORTABLE COMMUNICATION DEVICE CASE, AND ANTENNA

PURPOSE: A scented magnetic sticker for measuring ultraviolet ray, a case of a wireless portable communication device and an antenna are provided to easily measure ultraviolet ray by coating dye onto the case or a body of the antenna. CONSTITUTION: A scented magnetic sticker is provided to measure ultraviolet ray. The scented magnetic sticker has a scented sticker and a magnetic material(3). The scented sticker has an adhesive property. Dye is coated on the scented magnetic sticker so as to measure ultraviolet ray. Dye is coated on a case of a wireless portable communication device or a body of an antenna in order to measure ultraviolet ray. Dye or magnetic powder is coated on dolls made of plastic resin or paper so as to measure ultraviolet ray. Dye is coated on pens or buttons in order to measure ultraviolet ray. © KIPO 2004 ...

MEASURING DEVICE AND MEASURING METHOD FOR THE SPECTRALLY SELECTIVE DETERMINATION OF THE RADIATION EXPOSURE IN THE VUV RANGE

The invention relates to known measuring devices for the spectrally selective determination of the radiation exposure for VUV radiation, comprising a substrate made of a substrate material and a flat sensing layer that contains a photosensitive chemical compound, said compound changing colors dependent on impinging UV radiation. The aim of the invention is to provide a simply designed and inexpensive measuring device based on said measuring devices for the spectrally selective determination of the radiation exposure in the VUV range, in particular for use at a wavelength of 185 nm. According to the invention, this is achieved in that the photosensitive chemical compound is a polysaccharide.

RADIATION DOSAGE INDICATOR

A multi-ply radiation dosage indicator (10), and method of manufacture, is disclosed including a first ply (12) having visible indicia (14) thereon and a second ply (16) having a radiation sensitive zone (18) overlying the indicia (14) of the first ply (12). The radiation sensitive zone (18) is capable of changing opacity in response to exposure to a radiation dosage exceeding a predetermined threshold so as to change the visibility of the indicia (14) thereby providing an indication as to whether the indicator (10) has become irradiated. An optical filter ply (26) may be provided overlying the indicia (14), and the indicator (10) also may be provided with a transparent protective outer ply (19). A pressure sensitive adhesive ply (30) having a removable release sheet (32) is employed for attaching the indicator (10) to a substrate.

UV dosimeter

The subject of the invention is a UV dosimeter suitable for visual evaluation, which is consisted of a light-sensitive layer on a carrier and a cover layer. The thickness of the light-sensitive layer is 10-40 mum, the concentration is 95-105 g/dm3 and calculated to the volume of the suspension it contains in a water bloated high molecular weight polymer amenable to hardening 0,004-0,2 mole/dm3 of argentic (I) oxalate, 0,0014-0,07 mole/dm3 of water soluble multivalent metallic oxalate and 0,00044-0,006 mole/dm3 of complexing additive. The light-sensitive layer is fitted with a cover layer, which is light-transmitting in the UVB range excluding the humidity of the air.

SENSOR DEVICE FOR DETECTING DISINFECTING STATE

Devices and methods for detecting a disinfecting state are described. An example of a sensor device is disclosed to include: a housing; a radiation sensitive material disposed on one or more portions of an external surface of the housing; a sensor configured to measure intensity information associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation of a first frequency band; a controller configured to record the intensity information, temporal information associated with measuring the intensity information, or both; and a transceiver device configured to transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals.

СПОСОБ ОКРАШИВАНИЯ КОМПОЗИЦИИ ДЛЯ НАНЕСЕНИЯ ПОКРЫТИЯ

... 1. Способ необратимого окрашивания композиции для нанесения покрытия, содержащей цветообразователь, включающий стадии а) подготовка композиции для нанесения покрытия, которая состоит из УФ-отверждаемой смолы, термореактивной смолы или алкидной смолы; б) смешения композиции для нанесения покрытия с цветообразователем, благодаря чему окраска не образуется; в) нанесения бесцветной композиции, приготовленной на стадии б), на подложку; г) отверждения смолы в случае термореактивной смолы при температуре в пределах от 100 до 300°С, предпочтительно в пределах от 100 до 150°С, благодаря чему окраска не образуется, сушки смолы в случае алкидной смолы при комнатной температуре, благодаря чему окраска не образуется; д) обработки УФ- или лучами высокой энергии длиной меньше 400 нм, благодаря чему образуется окраска. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором цветообразователь выбирают из флуоранов, трифенилметанов, лактонов, бензоксазинов, спиропиранов, фталидов. 3. Способ по п.2, в котором цветообразователь представляет ...

Актинометр

Verfahren und Dosimeter zur qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Bestimmung von Strahlung in einem für Lebewesen psychisch wirksamen Wellenlängenbereich

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und ein Dosimeter zur qualitativen und/oder quantitativen Bestimmung von Strahlung in einem für Lebewesen psychisch und/oder physisch wirksamen Wellenlängenbereich. Verwendung findet dieses Verfahren bei der Kontrolle der Belichtung von Lebewesen mit derartiger Strahlung sowie der Kontrolle von Beleuchtungsverhältnissen, z. B. am Arbeitsplatz.

Indicator for identifying UV-B radiation in sunlight - uses phototropic receptor overlaid by filter which transmits wavelengths in range from 280 to 315 nanometres and above 500 nanometres.

The indicator comprises a receptor (1) of a phototropic material and an overlying filter (2) which is selectively transparent to radiation with a wavelength of between 280 nm and 315 nm and above about 500 nm. The filter pref. comprises a number of successive alternating interference layers of tantalum oxide and silicon dioxide. The phototropic material used as the reflector has defined optical characteristics, for quantitative evaluation of the incident UVB radiation. USE/ADVANTAGE - For measuring level of UVB radiation through ozone depleted atmosphere, with low-cost mfr. and allowing repeated use.

Improvements in Photographic Exposure-meters.

... 111,409. Derichsweiler, W. March 16, 1917. Watches combined with photographic meters; stop mechanism.-In an exposure meter provided with scales and in which sensitive paper is exposed behind an aperture or window in an opaque plate for comparison with standard tints, relative movement between the plate and paper is obtained by means of an external finger-operated member, and a stop-watch is used. The paper is moved into position by depressing the finger piece 20<2>, Fig. 14, and the case cover is opened by depressing the crown 6<2>. A lever 68<2> is simultaneously moved to rotate a ratchet wheel 55<2> so that the end 67<2> of a spring-controlled lever leaves a cam 56<2> on the ratchet, wheel and a stop pin 64<2> is removed from the balance wheel, while a projection 59<2> on another spring-controlled lever engages a cam 56<2> to remove projections 58<1>, 58<2> from heart-shaped cams 54<1>, 54<2> on the arbors of the seconds and minute hands. The watch is stopped by a second depression of ...

PHOTO-SENSITIVE COMPOSITIONS AND PRODUCTS.

Dose responsive uv indicator

A UV radiation (UVR) response indicator comprises a first UVB and/or UVA radiation sensitive material which has been modified so as to display an altered characteristic in a delayed manner in response to UVB and/or UVA radiation exposure. The UV indicator is capable of displaying exposure to increased UV radiation over a period of time. The present invention also relates to a method of displaying a relative amount of exposure to UVR by a UV indicator over a period of time. The invention is particularly useful in detecting the level of exposure to sunlight or sunbed radiation.

Ultraviolet radiation measurement sensor

A method for measuring radiation of energy photons, such as ultraviolet radiation, on a surface, may include programming at least one transistor by at least transmitting an electric charge to it. The method may further include measuring an electrical quantity of the at least one transistor receiving radiation of energy photons and estimating, based on this electrical quantity, an amount of radiation received.

WAVELENGTH DETECTOR AND WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION SYSTEM

the wavelength detector includes a diffusion element that diffuses the laser beam; a light collection optical system provided downstream from the diffusion element; a member, including an aperture, provided downstream from the light collection optical system; a discharge tube that is provided downstream from the member and that includes a cylindrical anode and a cylindrical cathode that each have a through-hole formed therein, and that is configured so that an electrical property between the anode and the cathode changes due to an opto-galvanic effect when a laser beam having a predetermined wavelength passes through the through-hole of the cathode in a state in which a DC voltage is applied to the anode; and a high-voltage DC power source. The discharge tube is disposed so that the laser beam that passes through the aperture passes through the through-hole of the cathode of the discharge tube without directly irradiating the cathode. 1. A wavelength detector that detects a wavelength of a laser beam outputted from an ultra violet laser device , the wavelength detector comprising:a diffusion element that diffuses the laser beam;a light collection optical system provided downstream from the diffusion element;a member, including an aperture, provided downstream from the light collection optical system;a discharge tube that is provided downstream from the member and that includes a cylindrical anode and a cylindrical cathode that each have a through-hole formed therein, and that is configured so that an electrical property between the anode and the cathode changes due to an opto-galvanic effect when a laser beam having a predetermined first wavelength passes through the through-hole of the cathode in a state in which a DC voltage is applied to the anode; anda high-voltage DC power source configured so as to apply a DC voltage to the anode,wherein the discharge tube is disposed so that the laser beam that passes through the aperture passes through the through-hole of ...

REFLECTING MEMBER AND FLAME SENSOR

A reflecting member made from a tube-shaped member has an inner peripheral surface that structures a reflecting surface on an axis of the tube-shaped member. A slope, relative to the axis, of a tangent line of the inner peripheral surface in a cross-sectional plane containing the axis changes monotonically along the axis. In relation to a target facing a smaller opening of the tube-shaped member, at a specific distance therefrom, and having a flat region perpendicular to the axis and axially symmetrical relative to the axis, of an electromagnetic radiation incident along the axis from a larger opening of the tube-shaped member, that radiation reflected at a specific location on the larger opening side is incident on one end side of the flat region, and that radiation reflected at a specific location on the smaller opening side is incident on the other end side of the flat region. 1: A reflecting member made from a tube-shaped member having an inner peripheral surface , the reflecting member comprising:a reflecting surface structured with the inner peripheral surface formed symmetrically on an axis of the tube-shaped member, whereina slope, relative to the axis, of a tangent line of the inner peripheral surface in a cross-sectional plane that contains the axis changes monotonically along the axis, andin relation to a target that is positioned facing a smaller opening of the tube-shaped member, positioned at a specific distance of separation therefrom, and having a flat region that is perpendicular to the axis and that is axially symmetrical relative to the axis, of an electromagnetic radiation that is incident along the axis from a larger opening of the tube-shaped member and is reflected by the inner peripheral surface, that electromagnetic radiation that is reflected at a specific location on the larger opening side is incident on one end side of the flat region, and that electromagnetic radiation that is reflected from a specific location on the smaller opening ...

PROXIMITY SENSOR

A proximity sensor detects an object to be detected. The proximity sensor includes a board; at least three light emitting portions which are mounted on a surface of the board such that not all the light emitting portions is arranged on a straight line, and which emits light; and a light receiving portion which is mounted on the surface of the board so as to have a predetermined positional relationship with the three light emitting portions, and which receives reflected light derived from light emitted from the light emitting portions and reflected by the object to be detected. 1. A proximity sensor for detecting an object to be detected , comprising:a board;at least three light emitting portions which are mounted on a surface of the board such that not all the light emitting portions is arranged on a straight line, and which emits light; anda light receiving portion which is mounted on the surface of the board so as to have a predetermined positional relationship with the three light emitting portions, and which receives reflected light derived from light emitted from the light emitting portions and reflected by the object to be detected.2. The proximity sensor according to claim 1 ,wherein the board is a three-dimensional circuit board manufactured by a one-shot laser method.3. The proximity sensor according to claim 1 ,wherein the at least three light emitting portions and the light receiving portion are respectively mounted in recess portions formed in the surface of the board.4. The proximity sensor according to claim 1 ,wherein the light receiving portion detects movement of the object to be detected, based on a received light pattern of reflected light derived from light emitted from the at least three light emitting portions and reflected by the object to be detected.5. The proximity sensor according to claim 1 ,wherein light emission amounts of light emitted from the at least three light emitting portions are different from one another, andwherein the light ...

Photosensitive printing composition

The invention relates to a photosensitive printing composition comprising a photocatalyst which exhibits a photocatalytic effect when exposed to UV and/or visible radiation, a colouring agent that exhibits a colour change in response to the photocatalytic effect, and a film forming agent. The composition has a viscosity suitable for printing. The invention further relates to a sun-exposure sensor comprising a photosensitive layer printed on a surface of a support, the photosensitive layer comprising a photocatalyst which exhibits a photocatalytic effect when exposed to UV and/or visible radiation, a colouring agent that exhibits a colour change in response to the photocatalytic effect, and a film forming agent.

FLEXIBLE AND STRETCHABLE OPTICAL INTERCONNECT IN WEARABLE SYSTEMS

Various embodiments disclosed relate to a stretchable packaging system. The system includes a first electronic component. The first electronic component includes a first optical emitter. The system further includes a second electronic component. The second electronic component includes a first receiver. An optical interconnect including a first elastomer having a first refractive index connects the first optical emitter to the first receiver. An encapsulate layer including a second elastomer having a second refractive index at least partially encapsulates the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the optical interconnect. 1. A stretchable packaging system , comprising:a first electronic component comprising a first optical emitter;a second electronic component comprising a first receiver;an optical interconnect comprising a first elastomer having a first refractive index and connecting the first optical emitter to the first receiver; andan encapsulant layer comprising a second elastomer having a second refractive index and at least partially encapsulating the first electronic component, the second electronic component, and the optical interconnect.2. The stretchable packaging system of claim 1 , wherein the first optical emitter is chosen from a light-emitting diode or a laser diode.3. The stretchable packaging system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second electronic components are is chosen from a chip claim 1 , a circuit board claim 1 , a processor claim 1 , and a memory.4. The stretchable packaging system of claim 1 , wherein the first receiver is a photodiode receptor.5. The stretchable packaging system of claim 1 , wherein the first and second elastomers are chosen from a thermoplastic polyurethane claim 1 , a butyl rubber claim 1 , a poly-dimethyl siloxane claim 1 , a latex claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.6. The stretchable packaging system of claim 1 , wherein a refractive index value of the first elastomer ranges ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SUBJECTING A FLYING INSECT TO LETHAL RADIATION

A device for subjecting a flying insect to lethal radiation. The device has a measurement beam source for producing a measurement beam, a deflection unit for deflecting the measurement beam, a lethal radiation source for producing a lethal beam and a measurement beam detector. The measurement detector has a photodetector element, the deflection unit and the measurement beam detector are arranged and cooperate such that the measurement beam sweeps the detector surface of the measurement beam detector. The device includes an evaluation unit connected to the measurement detector and the lethal light source to determine an attenuation time period of an attenuation of the measurement beam between the deflection unit and the detector surface and to control the lethal light source depending on said attenuation time to emit a lethal beam impulse. A method for subjecting a flying insect to lethal radiation is also provided. 1. A device for subjecting a flying insect to exterminating radiation , the device comprising:{'b': '1', 'a unit beam source () for generating a measurement beam,'}{'b': '8', 'a deflection unit () for deflecting the measurement beam,'}{'b': '2', 'an exterminating beam source () for generating an exterminating beam,'}{'b': 6', '7, 'a measurement beam detector having a photodetector element (, ),'}{'b': 8', '1, 'i': 'a', 'the deflection unit () and the measurement beam detector are arranged and configured to interact with one another such that the measurement beam () scans a detector surface of the measurement beam detector, and'}{'b': 4', '8, 'an evaluation unit () connected to the measurement beam detector and the exterminating light source that is configured to ascertain an attenuation duration of an attenuation of the measurement beam between the deflection unit () and the detector surface and to actuate the exterminating light source so as to output an exterminating beam pulse based on the attenuation duration.'}267. The device as claimed in claim 1 , ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING LOCAL ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE

One variation of a method for measuring ambient ultraviolet light radiation including: calculating a target direct orientation of a light exposure device based on a location, a current date and time, and a direct solar position model; calculating a target diffuse orientation of the light exposure device based on the location, the current date and time, and a diffuse solar position model; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target direct orientation, recording a direct ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target diffuse orientation, recording a diffuse ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and a target global orientation, recording a global ultraviolet value; and calculating an ultraviolet index based on the global ultraviolet value, the direct ultraviolet value, and the diffuse ultraviolet value. 1. A method for measuring ambient ultraviolet light radiation comprising:accessing a first location of a light exposure device comprising an ultraviolet sensor;calculating a target direct orientation of the light exposure device based on the first location, a current time and date, and a direct solar position model, the ultraviolet sensor approximately normal the Sun when the light exposure device occupies the target direct orientation at approximately the current time;calculating a target diffuse orientation of the light exposure device based on the first location, the current time, and a diffuse solar position model, the ultraviolet sensor biased away from the Sun when the light exposure device occupies the target diffuse orientation at approximately the current time;tracking an orientation of the light exposure device;in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target direct orientation at approximately the current time, recording a ...

METHOD FOR PROCESSING ITEMS AND DEVICE AND USE THEREOF

A device for processing items, in particular items in a production sequence, in different processing steps, has at least one sensor arrangement having a plurality of sensors, wherein at least one item is measured in a detection mode by at least a partial quantity of the sensors as the detection means, wherein an impacting of the at least one item with an irradiation means is determined by a control means while considering a result of the measuring procedure of the at least one item; and wherein the at least one item is irradiated in an irradiation mode by at least a further partial quantity of the plurality of sensors as the irradiation means. If appropriate, at least part of the method is repeated with a renewed measuring, determination and/or irradiation. 1. A method for processing items , the method comprising:measuring at least one item using a partial quantity of sensors associated with at least one sensor arrangement having a plurality of sensors;determining, by a control means, the impacting of the at least one item with an irradiation means while considering a result of the measuring procedure of the at least one item; andirradiating the at least one item by at least a further partial quantity of the plurality of sensors as the irradiation means in an irradiation mode; andif appropriate, repeating at least part of the method.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein before the at least one item is measured claim 1 , a calibration measurement is made claim 1 , in which the sensors which are used claim 1 , are in the detection mode.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein in the calibration method all the sensors are in the detection mode.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sensors of the arrangement are connected or activated differently such that at least a partial quantity of sensors is operated as the detector means in a detector mode and at least a partial quantity of the sensors is operated as the irradiation means in the irradiation mode.5. The method of claim 1 ...

WEARABLE TO MONITOR EXPOSURE TO UV RADIATION

A wearable or attachable device comprising a UV sensor configured to provide user-specific burn rate times providing an indication to the user when they are exposing themselves to harmful levels of UV radiation. 1. A wearable device to monitor radiation exposure of a wearer of the wearable device , the wearable device comprising:a sensor configured to generate an output based on ultraviolet radiation detected at the sensor;an output device configured to provide an alert to the wearer;a memory configured to store one or more wearer characteristics; and,a processor configured to execute instructions that cause the processor to:store, in the memory, information indicative of the ultraviolet radiation detected at the sensor over time;determine a total exposure of the wearer to ultraviolet radiation based on monitoring the output from the sensor;determine, based on the one or more wearer characteristics, whether the total exposure has reached a threshold amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and,cause the output device to provide the alert to the wearer in response to determining that the total exposure has reached the threshold amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.2. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more wearer characteristics include a burn rate for the wearer.3. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a heart rate monitor.4. The wearable device of claim 3 , the processor further configured to execute machine readable instructions that cause the processor to:determine, based on a rise in the wearer's heart rate, whether the wearer has reached a heart rate threshold; and,cause the output device to provide the alert to the wearer in response to determining that the heart rate threshold has been reached.5. The wearable device of claim 4 , wherein the alert is indicative of a heat stroke.6. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a gesture control system configured to measure physiological aspects of the wearer.7. ...

LIGHT EMITTING SENSING DEVICE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

The invention provides a light emitting sensing device and a manufacturing method thereof. The light emitting sensing device comprises: a non-translucent substrate having a first surface with at least one recess formed on the first surface; a light emitting element disposed in the at least one recess; a light sensing element disposed on the first surface; a first transparent material disposed in the at least one recess and covering the light emitting element; and a second transparent material disposed on the first surface and covering the light sensing element. The light emitting sensing device provided in this embodiment solves the problem in the prior art, the infrared light emitted by the light emitting chip irradiates into the sensing chip and causes the sensing chip to be interfered by the light of the light emitting chip resulting in reduced sensing accuracy. 1. A light emitting sensing device , comprising:a non-translucent substrate, having a first surface with at least one recess formed on the first surface;a light emitting element, being disposed in the at least one recess;a light sensing element, being disposed on the first surface;a first transparent material, being disposed in the at least one recess and covering the light emitting element; anda second transparent material, being disposed on the first surface and covering the light sensing element.2. The light emitting sensing device of claim 1 , wherein a depth of the recess is 2 to 4 times of a height of the light emitting element.3. The light emitting sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the non-translucent substrate comprises a light absorbing material claim 1 , light reflectance of the non-translucent substrate is 0%-10% claim 1 , and light transmittance of the non-translucent substrate is 0%-5%.4. The light emitting sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting element comprises a light emitting diode for emitting infrared light.5. The light emitting sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

SUN SAFETY DEVICE

The sun safety display and dispenser is a rugged outdoor device designed to measure the direct and scattered UV radiation in the atmosphere; to calculate and display a sun safety awareness index warning of the time to skin burn and or potential damage; to provide a personalized sun safety awareness index reading to help the user determine the appropriate SPF sunscreen, manually or automatically; and, to dispense sunscreen generally or by specific SPF as correlated with the user's personalized sun safety awareness index reading. 1. A device for monitoring and displaying solar exposure risk for human skin comprising:{'sup': '2', '(a) two or more light sensing detectors for measuring the instantaneous solar energy density [in (mW/cm)] at a location in proximity to a human subject,'} (i) a computer processor,', '(ii) a computer readable storage device, and', '(iii) a computer program,, '(b) a computer system for calculation of the solar exposure risk, the computer system comprising,'}(c) one or more display monitors,(d) one or more interfaces connecting the light sensing detectors to the computer system,(e) one or more optional interfaces connecting the two or more light sensing detectors, and(f) an interface connecting the computer system to the display monitor,wherein the device displays an instantaneous solar exposure risk for human skin based on the instantaneous solar energy density.2. A device according to wherein at least one of the light sensing detectors is oriented to detect and measure the direct solar energy density and wherein at least one of the light sensing detectors is oriented to detect and measure reflected solar energy density.3. A device according to further comprising a means for continuously moving the light sensing detectors.4. A device according to wherein the means for continuously moving the light sensing detectors moves the detectors in an oscillating motion through a partial circular path of up to about 300 degrees claim 3 , and even a full ...

SHIELDING FOR ELECTRODES IN PHOTOIONIZATION DETECTOR

A photoionization detector () comprises an ultraviolet radiation source (); one or more detector electrodes ( and ); and a shielding material () located between the ultraviolet radiation source () and the one or more detector electrodes ( and ), wherein the ultraviolet radiation () does not directly impinge on any part of the one or more detector electrodes ( and ). A method for gas detection comprises exposing a photoionization detector () to an environment containing a target gas; and shielding the one or more detector electrodes ( and ) from direct impingement from the ultraviolet radiation () via the shielding material (). 1100. A photoionization detector () comprising:{'b': '130', 'an ultraviolet radiation source ();'}{'b': 204', '205, 'one or more detector electrodes ( and ); and'}{'b': 206', '130', '204', '205', '204', '205, 'a shielding material () located between the ultraviolet radiation source () and the one or more detector electrodes ( and ), wherein the ultraviolet radiation does not directly impinge on any part of the one or more detector electrodes ( and ).'}2100206204205. The photoionization detector () of claim 1 , wherein the shielding material () is configured to contact at least three sides of the one or more detector electrodes ( and ).3100206214215204205214215. The photoionization detector () of claim 1 , wherein the shielding material () comprises one or more channels ( and ) claim 1 , and wherein the one or more detector electrodes ( and ) are configured to fit within the one or more channels ( and ).4100218206204205. The photoionization detector () of claim 1 , wherein a top surface () of the shielding material () defines a plane claim 1 , and wherein the electrodes ( and ) are located at or below the defined plane.5100206. The photoionization detector () of claim 1 , wherein the shielding material () comprises Teflon.6100204205. The photoionization detector () of claim 1 , wherein the one or more detector electrodes ( and ) comprise a ...

IMAGING SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR SPECIFYING UV EMISSION LOCATION USING SAME

An imaging system includes: an image sensor sensitive to ultraviolet light and visible light; a lens configured to focus light from a subject onto the image sensor; and an image processor configured to process image signals output from the image sensor. The image processor obtains the difference between image signals A and A output from the image sensor at times t1 and t2, respectively. If the differential signal A is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, the image processor determines that light from the subject contains the ultraviolet light, and generates an image signal CI based on the differential signal A 1. An imaging system comprising:an image sensor sensitive to ultraviolet light and visible light;a lens configured to focus light from a subject onto the image sensor; andan image processor configured to process image signals output from the image sensor, wherein acquires a differential signal between an image signal output from the image sensor at a first time and an image signal output from the image sensor at a second time,', 'determines that the differential signal contains a signal associated with the ultraviolet light if the differential signal is greater than or equal to a predetermined value, and', 'generates a first image signal based on the differential signal., 'the image processor'}2. The imaging system of claim 1 , whereinthe image processor further generates a first composite image signal of the image signal output from the image sensor at the first time and the first image signal or an amplified first image signal.3. The imaging system of claim 1 , further comprising:a focus controller configured to control a position of the lens to adjust a focal length of the lens with respect to light with different wavelengths, whereinthe focus controller controls the position of the lens to match the focal length of the lens to the ultraviolet light at the first and second times, and controls the position of the lens to match the focal length of ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE PHASE ANGLE AND/OR THE THICKNESS OF A CONTAMINATION LAYER AT AN OPTICAL ELEMENT AND EUV LITHOGRAPHY APPARATUS

A method and associated EUV lithography apparatus for determining the phase angle at a free interface () of an optical element () provided with a multilayer coating () that reflects EUV radiation and/or for determining the thickness (d) of a contamination layer () formed on the multilayer coating (). The multilayer coating () is irradiated with EUV radiation, a photocurrent (I) generated during the irradiation is measured, and the phase angle at the free interface () and/or the thickness (d) of the contamination layer () is determined on the basis of a predefined relationship between the phase angle and/or the thickness (d) and the measured photocurrent (I). The measured photocurrent (I) is generated from the entire wavelength and angle-of-incidence distribution of the EUV radiation impinging on the multilayer coating (). 1. A method for determining a phase angle (φ-φ) at a free interface of an optical element provided with a multilayer coating that reflects EUV radiation and/or for determining a thickness (d) of a contamination layer formed on the multilayer coating , comprising:irradiating the multilayer coating with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation,measuring a photocurrent generated during the irradiation, and{'sub': G', 'G*', 'G', 'G*, 'determining the phase angle (φ-φ) at a free interface and/or the thickness of the contamination layer in accordance with a predefined relationship between the phase angle (φ-φ) and/or the thickness (d) and the measured photocurrent,'}wherein the measured photocurrent is generated over an entire wavelength and angle-of-incidence distribution of the EUV radiation impinging on the multilayer coating.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising calibrating the predefined relationship between the phase angle (φ-φ) at the free interface and the photocurrent and/or between the thickness (d) of the contamination layer and the photocurrent during a time period in which the optical element is not irradiated with the EUV ...

ULTRAVIOLET SEMICONDUCTOR SENSOR DEVICE AND METHOD OF MEASURING ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

A photodiode () and a further photodiode () are arranged in a substrate () at or near a main surface (). The photodiodes are formed and arranged in such a manner that in case of incident ultraviolet radiation () the electric signal from the photodiode () is larger than the further electric signal from the further photodiode (). In particular, the first photodiode may be more sensitive to ultraviolet radiation than the further photodiode. The electric signal from the photodiode is attenuated by the further electric signal and thus yields an electric signal primarily measuring the incident ultraviolet radiation. The attenuation of the electric signal from the first photodiode may be achieved internally using an integrated circuit () or externally using a separate device. 1. A semiconductor sensor device , comprising:a semiconductor substrate having a main surface;a photodiode arranged in the substrate at or near the main surface, the photodiode generating an electric signal in response to incident radiation;a further photodiode arranged in the substrate at or near the main surface, the further photodiode generating a further electric signal in response to the incident radiation;the photodiode and the further photodiode being formed and arranged in such a manner that in case of incident ultraviolet radiation the electric signal from the photodiode is larger than the further electric signal from the further photodiode; andthe electric signal from the photodiode being attenuated by the further electric signal and thus yielding an electric signal primarily measuring the incident ultraviolet radiation.2. The semiconductor sensor device of claim 1 , whereinthe attenuation comprises a subtraction of the further electric signal generated by the further photodiode from the electric signal generated by the photodiode.3. The semiconductor sensor device of claim 1 , further comprising:an integrated circuit in the substrate, the integrated circuit being provided to attenuate the ...

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT FLAME DETECTOR

A flame detector includes an ultraviolet (UV) sensor to detect UV radiation emitted by a flame; a testing apparatus to periodically test function of the flame detector. The testing apparatus includes a UV light emitting diode (UVLED) emitter to emit a test signal and a mirror to reflect the test signal emitted from the UVLED emitter to the UV sensor. A method of testing an ultraviolet (UV) flame detector includes transmitting a test signal from a UV light emitting diode (UVLED) emitter. The test signal is reflected toward a UV sensor of the flame detector, and the test signal received at the UV sensor is evaluated. 1. A flame detector comprising:an ultraviolet (UV) sensor to detect UV radiation emitted by a flame; and a UV light emitting diode (UVLED) emitter to emit a test signal; and', 'a mirror to reflect the test signal emitted from the UVLED emitter to the UV sensor., 'a testing apparatus to periodically test function of the flame detector, including2. The flame detector of claim 1 , further comprising a UV window interposed between the mirror and the UV sensor claim 1 , the test signal reflected off the mirror and through the UV window.3. The flame detector of claim 2 , wherein the UV window is interposed between the UVLED emitter and the mirror claim 2 , the test signal emitted from the UV emitter transmitted through the UV window to the mirror.4. The flame detector of claim 2 , wherein the UV sensor claim 2 , the UVLED emitter and the UV window are disposed at a common housing.5. The flame detector of claim 1 , wherein the UVLED emitter transmits the test signal at a wavelength between 220 nM and 240 nM.6. The flame detector of claim 1 , wherein the UV sensor is a photocell.7. The flame detector of claim 1 , where the UVLED emitter is devoid of radioactive materials.8. A method of testing an ultraviolet (UV) flame detector comprising:transmitting a test signal from a UV light emitting diode (UVLED) emitter;reflecting the test signal toward a UV sensor of the ...

METHOD, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR MONITORING A SKIN SURFACE CONDITION

An electronic device including a processor configured to receive a first radiation measurement and determine a skin surface condition information based on the first radiation measurement. 1. Electronic device , comprising a processor configured to:receive a first radiation measurement; anddetermine a skin surface condition information based on the first radiation measurement.2. Electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured toreceive a second radiation measurement,wherein the skin surface condition information is determined based on the first radiation measurement and the second radiation measurement.3. Electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured so that determining the skin surface condition information includes:determining a skin type parameter of a user by comparing the first radiation measurement to a reference radiation measurement.4. Electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the processor is configured so thatthe first radiation measurement corresponds to a radiation reflected from a location on a user's skin before or after applying sun cream to a surrounding area of the user's skin surrounding the location on the user's skin;the second radiation measurement corresponds to an ambient radiation; andthe skin surface condition information is a time period, a required sun protection factor and/or a required amount of sun cream and/or a user information to stop sunbathing.5. Electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the processor is configured so thatthe first radiation measurement corresponds to a radiation reflected from a location on a user's skin before or after applying sun cream to a surrounding area of the user's skin surrounding the location on the user's skin; andthe second radiation measurement corresponds to an ambient radiation; and wherein determining a skin type parameter of a user by comparing the first radiation measurement to a reference radiation measurement; and', 'determining a time period by ...

BLOCKING ELEMENT OF SHORT WAVELENGTHS IN LED-TYPE LIGHT SOURCES

Method, product and blocking element of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources consisting of a substrate with a pigment distributed on its surface and, in that said pigment has an optical density such that it allows the selective absorption of short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm in a range between 1 and 99%. 1. Blocking element of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources characterized in that it consists of a substrate with a pigment distributed on its surface and , in that said pigment has an optical density such that it allows the selective absorption of short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm in a range between 1 and 99%.2. Blocking element according to consisting of a multilayer substrate wherein at least one of said layers contains the blocking pigment of short wavelengths distributed over the surface of said layer.3. Blocking element of short wavelengths according to wherein the substrate is a coating containing a pigment in the entire coating.4. Blocking element of short wavelengths according to wherein the coating is one selected from gel claim 3 , foam claim 3 , emulsion claim 3 , solution claim 3 , dilution or a combination of the above.5. Blocking element according to any of - wherein the pigment is evenly distributed over the surface of the substrate.6. Blocking method of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources characterized in that it comprises the steps of: (i) selecting the mean optical density of a pigment and (ii) pigmenting a substrate over its entire surface in such a way that the mean absorbance is between 1% and 99% in the range of short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm.7. Method according to where the selection of the optical density is based on at least one of the following parameters: age of a user of LED-type light source claim 6 , separation distance to the LED-type light source claim 6 , size of the LED-type light source claim 6 , exposure time to the light source by the user claim 6 , ambient lighting of the ...

Radiation sensors

In accordance with at least one aspect of this disclosure, an ultraviolet radiation (UV) sensor includes a UV sensitive material and a first electrode and a second electrode connected in series through the UV sensitive material such that UV radiation can reach the UV sensitive material. The UV sensitive material can include at least one of zinc tin oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium zinc oxide, or zinc oxide. The electrodes can be interdigitated comb electrodes.

FLAME DETECTORS

A flame detector includes a UV sensor sensitive to solar UV radiation and a secondary sensor sensitive to non-UV radiation. A controller is operatively connected to the UV sensor and the secondary sensor to: signal an alarm in response to receiving input from the UV sensor indicative of a strong UV source and input from the secondary sensor indicative of a weak non-UV radiation source; and suppress an alarm in response to receiving a signal from the UV sensor indicative of a strong UV source and a signal from the secondary sensor indicative of a strong non-UV radiation source. 1. A flame detector comprising:a UV sensor sensitive to solar UV radiation;a secondary sensor sensitive to non-UV radiation; and signal an alarm in response to receiving input from the UV sensor indicative of a strong UV source and input from the secondary sensor indicative of a weak non-UV radiation source; and', 'suppress an alarm in response to receiving a signal from the UV sensor indicative of a weak UV source and a signal from the secondary sensor indicative of a strong non-UV radiation source., 'a controller operatively connected to the UV sensor and the secondary sensor to2. The flame detector as recited in claim 1 , wherein the secondary sensor is a NIR sensor sensitive to NIR radiation claim 1 , and wherein the controller is operatively connected to the NIR sensor to:signal an alarm in response to receiving input from the UV sensor indicative of a strong UV source and input from the secondary sensor indicative of a weak NIR radiation source; andsuppress an alarm in response to receiving a signal from the UV sensor indicative of a weak UV source and a signal from the secondary sensor indicative of a strong NIR radiation source.3. The flame detector as recited in claim 2 , further comprising a visible radiation sensor sensitive to visible radiation claim 2 , wherein the visible radiation sensor is operatively connected to the controller for using the ratio of signals from the visible ...

METHODS FOR GUIDING PERSONAL LIMIT SELECTION IN UV DOSIMETRY

A computer executable method that can be stored in a memory, the method including: visually presenting on a display of a user device a history of UV dose that was calculated based on information sensed by a UV sensor in a wearable UV sensing device; visually presenting a percentile indicator on the display, the percentile indicator being indicative of a calculated percentile of the history of UV dose; and visually presenting on the display a user-adjustable UV dose threshold interface that is adapted to allow the user to interact with the user-adjustable UV dose interface and choose a user-chosen UV dose threshold quantity. 1. A computer executable method adapted to be stored in a memory , comprising:visually presenting on a display of a user device a history of UV dose that was calculated based on information sensed by a UV sensor in a wearable UV sensing device;visually presenting a percentile indicator on the display, the percentile indicator being indicative of a calculated percentile of the history of UV dose; andvisually presenting on the display a user-adjustable UV dose threshold interface that is adapted to allow the user to interact with the user-adjustable UV dose interface and choose a user-chosen UV dose threshold quantity.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the history of UV dose is visually presented in graph form.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the percentile indicator is visually overlaid with the history of UV dose.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the user-adjustable UV dose threshold interface is visually overlaid with the history of UV dose.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the percentile indicator is overlaid with the user-adjustable UV dose threshold and the history of UV dose.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the percentile indicator indicates to the user doses on the history of UV dose that are at least one of at or above the calculated percentile.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the user-adjustable UV dose threshold interface is ...

Method and Device for Monitoring UV Light Exposure

A UV detection device is removably attached to a surface of a structure and includes a photodetector to detect UV light incident on the structure. The UV detection device includes signal processing and a transmitter that wirelessly transmits UV detection data to a remote monitoring station where the detection signals are accumulated and analyzed to determine the total exposure of the structure to UV light. 1. A device for determining exposure of a structure to UV (ultraviolet) light , the device comprising:a photodetector disposed on a surface of the structure, wherein the photodetector is configured to detect UV light incident on the photodetector and produce signals representing the UV light; anda wireless transmitter disposed on the surface of the structure and coupled to the photodetector, the wireless transmitter being configured to wirelessly transmit the signals.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:a substrate attached to a surface of the structure, whereinthe photodetector and the wireless transmitter are disposed on the substrate.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is flexible.4. The device of claim 2 , further comprising:a power supply disposed on the substrate;an amplifier disposed on the substrate and configured to amplify the signals; anda signal processor disposed on the substrate and coupled to the photodetector and the wireless transmitter.5. The device of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is configured to be removable from the surface of the structure.6. The device of claim 5 , further comprising a layer of adhesive configured to removably attach the substrate to the structure.7. The device of wherein the photodetector includes:a piezo-phototronic semiconductor configured to produce a photocurrent in response to exposure to UV light; andohmic electrodes coupled to the piezo-phototronic semiconductor and configured to form a metal-semiconductor-metal photonic generator.8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the piezo-phototronic ...

Methods and Systems for Quantitatively Measuring Photoprotection

The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to a method of determining a quantitatively measured photoprotection of a photoprotective composition, the method comprising: (a) distributing the photoprotective composition in a position in between a drawdown bar and at least one substrate to produce a distributed photoprotective composition; (b) drawing down the distributed photoprotective composition to a thickness on at least one substrate to produce a drawn down sample film; (c) drying the drawn down sample film to produce a dried sample film; (d) measuring a UV absorption of the dried sample film to produce a UV absorption spectrum; (e) determining the quantitatively measured photoprotection of the photoprotective composition from the UV absorption spectrum. The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to a method of determining a quantitatively measured photoprotection of a photoprotective composition, the method comprising: (a) spraying at least one coat of the photoprotective composition to a thickness on at least one surface of a substrate to produce a spray coated substrate sample; (b) drying the spray coated substrate sample to produce a dried sample film; (c) measuring a UV absorption of the dried sample film to produce a UV absorption spectrum; and (d) determining the quantitatively measured photoprotection of the photoprotective composition from the UV absorption spectrum.

Mirror Array

A mirror array, at least some of the mirrors of the array comprising a reflective surface and an arm which extends from a surface opposite to the reflective surface, wherein the mirror array further comprises a support structure provided with a plurality of sensing apparatuses, the sensing apparatuses being configured to measure gaps between the sensing apparatuses and the arms which extend from the mirrors. 1. A mirror array , at least some of the mirrors of the array comprising a reflective surface and a mirror arm which extends from a surface opposite to the reflective surface , wherein the mirror array further comprises a support structure provided with a plurality of sensing apparatuses , the sensing apparatuses being configured to measure gaps between the sensing apparatuses and the mirror arms which extend from the mirrors.2. The mirror array of claim 1 , wherein the sensing apparatuses are configured to measure gaps between the sensing apparatuses and ends of the mirror arms.3. The mirror array of claim 2 , wherein a magnet and inductive material are provided at the end of at least some of the mirror arms.4. The mirror array of claim 3 , wherein at least some of the sensing apparatuses comprise a plurality of eddy current sensors.5. A system comprising the mirror array of and further comprising a processor configured to receive the measured gaps between the sensing apparatuses and the associated mirror arms when EUV radiation is incident upon the mirror array claim 1 , the processor further being configured to compare the measured gaps with gaps previously measured when EUV radiation is not incident upon the mirror array to provide gap change measurements.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the processor is configured to compare gap change measurements with previously obtained gap change measurements.7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the processor is configured to determine a power of radiation incident upon the mirrors using a known relationship between the ...

PROTECTIVE PRODUCT REPORTING SYSTEM

A reporting system includes a mobile computing device that wirelessly communicates with one or more sensors to track the use of a protective product. Reports are provided on the mobile computing device to remind and motivate a user of the protective product to use it at times most beneficial for receiving the intended protection from it. 2. The system of wherein said protective product is selected from the group consisting of sun screen dispenser claim 1 , moisturizer dispenser claim 1 , toothpaste dispenser claim 1 , tooth floss dispenser claim 1 , soap dispenser claim 1 , makeup remover dispenser claim 1 , drink dispenser claim 1 , hat claim 1 , sunglasses claim 1 , umbrella claim 1 , footwear claim 1 , clothing and safety apparel.3. The system of wherein said sensors are selected from the group consisting of accelerometer claim 1 , contact switch claim 1 , button and pressure transducer.4. The system of wherein said sensors are attached to the protective product in such a manner that when the protective product is used said sensors detect said usage of said protective product.5. The system of wherein said accelerometer is attached to said protective product so that when forces consistent with said usage of said protective product are applied to said protective product and attached said accelerometer then said processor detects acceleration and infers said usage of said protective product.6. The system of wherein during computation of said algorithms the UV level is used as an input parameter to said algorithms.7. The system of wherein said reports include one or more reports of effective skin ageing saved claim 6 , calculated from the amount of UV insolation received and the reduction in UV intensity provided by said protective product.8. The system of wherein said UV level is measured by one or more UV sensors connected to said processor.9. The system of wherein said UV level is obtained by the mobile computing device from a remote server such as the Bureau of ...

UV Irradiance Sensor With Improved Cosine Response

A sensor housing and cosine diffuser are provided for the detection and measurement of ultraviolet (UV) irradiance. The cosine diffuser has a tiered structure to efficiently receive and transmit incident light that passes over and/or through the sensor housing structure. The sensor housing structure can be configured to have an irregular, serrated, castellated, and or repeating prong and/or tooth sequence to form a cutoff comb, through which incident light is attenuated. The attenuation of light in turn reduces measurement error caused when too much or too little incident light, relative to the actual intensity and irradiance of ambient incident light, reaches and transmits through a cosine diffuser due to the variation of the zenith angle of incident light over the course of a day. 1. An ultraviolet (UV) sensor system , comprising:a sensor housing, where the sensor housing is formed of a sensor housing molding having an upper opening; anda cosine diffuser, where the cosine diffuser is situated within the upper opening of the sensor housing molding.2. The ultraviolet (UV) sensor system according to claim 1 , wherein the cosine diffuser further comprises:a high-angle tier, through which incident light enters the cosine diffuser at a first range of zenith angles;a low-angle tier, through which incident light enters the cosine diffuser at a second range of zenith angles;a base tier, though which incident light enters the cosine diffuser at third range of zenith angles; anda sensor cavity, though which light which has entered the cosine diffuser egresses from the cosine diffuser.3. The ultraviolet (UV) sensor system according to claim 2 , wherein the first range of zenith angles at which incident light enters the high-angle tier is about 90° or less.4. The ultraviolet (UV) sensor system according to claim 2 , wherein the second range of zenith angles at which incident light enters the low-angle tier is about 75° or less.5. The ultraviolet (UV) sensor system according to ...

LIGHT RECEIVER AND PORTABLE ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

There is provided a light receiver which corrects measurement of ultraviolet rays on the basis of measurement of visible right and infrared rays. The light receiver is a light receiver () including a first light-receiving element (PD) and a second light-receiving element (PD), and a UV cutoff filter () in which transmittance of light in an ultraviolet region is lower, in which light after passage through the UV cutoff filter () enters the first light-receiving element (PD), and the first light-receiving element (PD) and the second light-receiving element (PD) are switchable between a photodiode (PD_uv) having sensitivity to the ultraviolet region and a photodiode (PD_clear) having sensitivity to a visible light region and an infrared region. Unevenness in incident light is calculated from photocurrents in photodiodes (PD_ir+PD_vis) of the first light-receiving element (PD) and the second light-receiving element (PD). 1. A light receiver comprising:first and second light-receiving elements that each feed a photocurrent in accordance with intensity of incident light; andan optical filter in which transmittance of light in a first wavelength range is lower than transmittance of light outside the first wavelength range, whereinthe incident light after passage through the optical filter enters the first light-receiving element,the first and second light-receiving elements are arranged adjacent to each other and are switchable between a first state with sensitivity to light in the first wavelength range and a second state with sensitivity to light outside the first wavelength range, anda ratio between a first value that is a sum of photocurrents in the first and second light-receiving elements in the second state and a second value that is a photocurrent in the first or second light-receiving element in the second state is calculated as a value of unevenness in the incident light.2. The light receiver according to claim 1 , whereinthe first light-receiving element and the ...

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUSES FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH RELEVANT UV EXPOSURE FROM SUNLIGHT

Methods of accurately estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure, such as the UV Index, and sensors adapted for the same. 1. A UV detector , comprising:a sensor sensitive to incident UV light,a first environment (E1) that includes unfiltered sunlight and a second environment (E2) that includes one of a first, second, and third notch filters having transmission centers at 300 nm, 310 nm, and 320 nm, respectively,wherein when the sensor is exposed to E1, and E2 with each of the three filters, a sensitivity of the sensor (S) is characterized as a percent change in an output of the sensor between E1 and E2 with each of the three notch filters, the sensor thereby having a S300, a S310, and a S320,and wherein a relative “R310 minus” sensitivity of the sensor is characterized by S310/S300 and wherein a relative “R310 plus” sensitivity of the sensor is characterized by S310/S320,and wherein at least one of R310 minus and R310 plus is greater than 15.2. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes a narrow-band filter above a semiconductor.3. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 305 nm to 315 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 305 nm to 315 nm.4. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a semiconductor and an optic portion claim 1 , and wherein the combination of the semiconductor and the optic portion makes the sensor more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 305 nm to 315 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 305 nm to 315 nm.5. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a semiconductor that is sensitive to at least one of the wavelengths between 309 nm and 312 nm.6. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 308 nm to 312 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 308 nm to 312 nm.7. The detector of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor output detector that is adapted to detect an output from the sensor ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE DETECTION OF EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

A device for detecting exposure to light includes: a photo-responsive layer including a photochromic material; a skin-mimicking cover layer covering a first side of the photo-responsive layer; and an adhesive layer configured to couple a second side of the photo-responsive layer opposite the first side to a surface. 1. A device for detecting exposure to light , comprising:a photo-responsive layer including a photochromic material;a skin-mimicking cover layer covering a first side of the photo-responsive layer; andan adhesive layer configured to couple a second side of the photo-responsive layer opposite the first side to a surface.2. The device of claim 1 , the photo-responsive layer having a first visual appearance in the presence of light of a predetermined wavelength claim 1 , and a second visual appearance in the absence of the light of the predetermined wavelength.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the predetermined wavelength between 10 nm and 400 nm.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein the first visual appearance has a first colour and the second visual appearance has a second colour.5. The device of claim 2 , wherein the first visual appearance has a first colour and the second visual appearance is colourless.6. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate material between the cover layer and the adhesive layer.7. The device of claim 6 , further comprising a substrate layer containing the substrate material; wherein the photo-responsive layer is deposited on the substrate layer.8. The device of claim 6 , wherein the substrate material is integrated with the photo-responsive layer.9. The device of claim 7 , the substrate material including a polymer film.10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the substrate material includes a plastic.11. The device of claim 9 , wherein the substrate includes a graphic indicia thereon.12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the photochromic material includes a diarylethene.13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the cover layer ...

METHOD OF DETECTING ULTRAVIOLET RAY AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE THEREOF

A method is provided for operating an electronic device. The method includes detecting an ultraviolet ray value through an ultraviolet ray detection sensor; acquiring an image including a sun object; comparing a position of the sun object within the acquired image to a position of a guide object; and correcting the detected ultraviolet ray value based on a difference between the position of the sun object and the position of the guide object 1. A method of operating an electronic device , the method comprising:detecting an ultraviolet ray value through an ultraviolet ray detection sensor;acquiring an image including a sun object;comparing a position of the sun object within the acquired image to a position of a guide object; andcorrecting the detected ultraviolet ray value based on a difference between the position of the sun object and the position of the guide object.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the guide object visually indicates a direction in which the ultraviolet ray detection sensor faces.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the guide object includes a plurality of circles having different sizes and a common center.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultraviolet ray value is detected based on a measured illumination value.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein comparing the position of the sun object within the acquired image to the position of the guide object comprises guiding a user to move the electronic device such that the sun object overlaps the guide object.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein correcting the detected ultraviolet ray value based on the difference between the position of the sun object and the position of the guide object comprises applying an ultraviolet ray correction value according to the difference between the position of the sun object and the position of the guide object to the detected ultraviolet ray value.7. An electronic device comprising:an ultraviolet ray detection sensor configured to detect an ultraviolet ray value;an ...

COLOR CHANGING APPARATUSES WITH SOLAR CELLS

The present disclosure provides a color changing apparatus. The color changing apparatus includes a solar cell assembly to absorb solar energy and converse the solar energy to thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation. The color changing apparatus also includes a color changing element to be in contact with the solar cell and display different color features by absorbing the thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation provided by the solar cell assembly. 1. A color changing apparatus , comprising:a solar cell assembly to absorb solar energy and provide thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation;a color changing element to be in contact with the solar cell and display different color features by absorbing the thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation provided by the solar cell assembly.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the color changing element is a flexible photochromic band or a flexible thermochromic band and the solar cell assembly comprises a plurality of flexible solar cells claim 1 , and wherein the flexible solar cells of the solar cell assembly are arranged into a plurality of recesses formed in the color changing element claim 1 , respectively.31. The apparatus according to clan claim 1 , further comprising a back-up battery unit to provide thermal energy or electromagnetic radiation in the color changing apparatus in place of the solar cell assembly when the solar cell assembly does not work normally.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the color changing element is disposed over a substrate.5. The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the color changing element is a flexible photochromic coating or a flexible thermochromic claim 4 , coating and the solar cell assembly comprises a plurality of flexible solar cells claim 4 , and wherein the flexible solar cells of the solar cell assembly are arranged into a plurality of recesses formed in the substrate claim 4 , respectively claim 4 , and the color changing element is ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR STABILIZATION OF DROPLET-PLASMA INTERACTION VIA LASER ENERGY MODULATION

In a laser produced plasma (LPP) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) system, a droplet is irradiated by a laser pulse to produce a plasma in a chamber. This generates forces that cause the plasma to destabilize and subsequent droplets to have their flight trajectory and speed altered as they approach the plasma. This destabilization is detectable from oscillations in the amount of EUV energy generated. To reduce the oscillations by stabilizing the plasma and travel of the droplets, a proportional-integral (PI) controller algorithm is used to modify an energy of subsequent laser pulses based on the EUV energy generated in the chamber. By modifying the energy of subsequent laser pulses, the plasma stabilizes, which reduces effects on droplet flight and stabilizes the amount of EUV energy generated, allowing the plasma chamber to operate for longer intervals and to lower the amount of reserve power maintained by a laser source. 1. A method comprising:measuring, using an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) energy detector, an amount of EUV energy generated by a first laser pulse impacting a first droplet in a plasma chamber of a laser produced plasma (LPP) EUV system;calculating a first modified laser pulse energy, using an EUV controller, based on the measured amount of EUV energy generated by the first laser pulse impacting the first droplet in the plasma chamber;instructing, by the EUV controller, the laser source to deliver a second laser pulse having the calculated first modified energy thereby altering flight of a second droplet in the plasma chamber;measuring, using the EUV energy detector, an amount of EUV energy generated by the second laser pulse impacting the second droplet in the plasma chamber;calculating a second modified laser pulse energy, using the EUV controller, based on the measured amount of EUV energy generated by the second laser pulse impacting the second droplet in the plasma chamber;and,instructing, by the EUV controller, the laser source to deliver a third laser ...

ELASTIC RETROREFLECTOR

A retroreflector includes an arrangement of triples, each having three side surfaces, which are disposed in the manner of a cube corner and stand approximately perpendicular on one another. The retroreflector can be produced from a carrier material by injection molding. An optical silicone resin is used as the carrier material. The retroreflector is based on triple mirrors that are both easily unmolded from a die and easily applied to curved surfaces even after unmolding or are usable for reflection of ultraviolet light. 1. A forming die for the producing a retroreflector ,wherein the retroreflector comprises an arrangement comprising a plurality of mirrored or totally reflective triples, each triple having first, second, and third side surfaces perpendicular to each other; wherein the first, second, and third side surfaces are disposed as cube corners; and wherein the retroreflector is produced by injection molding from a carrier material comprising an optically transparent silicone resin;wherein the forming die comprises:a die body delimited by a die surface;wherein the die surface has a plurality of triples;wherein each triple has first, second, and third forming surfaces that border on one another and intersect one another at an angle between 85° and 95°;wherein the first, second, and third forming surfaces of each triple come together in a triple center;wherein an axis of symmetry of the respective triple extends through the triple center;wherein a tool body is heated; andwherein the die body has at least one die element perpendicular to an unmolding direction that counters unmolding.2. The forming die according to claim 1 , wherein the forming die is produced by micro-cutting or by galvanic forming of a microsection.3. A method for the production of a retroreflector claim 1 ,wherein the retroreflector comprises an arrangement comprising a plurality of mirrored or totally reflective triples, each triple having first, second, and third side surfaces ...

Liquid capsule having thermochromic and photochromic properties

The invention relates to a capsule comprising a shell containing a transparent and thermally conducting liquid, particles having a thermochromic coating and particles having a photochromic coating, the thermochromic particles being bulkier than photochromic particles, the liquid being such that, within a first range of temperatures, its density is greater than the density of the thermochromic particles and than the density of the photochromic particles, and such that, within a second range of temperatures greater than those of the first range, the density of the photochromic particles is less than the density of the liquid, which is itself less than the density of the thermochromic particles.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MEASURING LOCAL ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE

One variation of a method for measuring ambient ultraviolet light radiation including: calculating a target direct orientation of a light exposure device based on a location, a current date and time, and a direct solar position model; calculating a target diffuse orientation of the light exposure device based on the location, the current date and time, and a diffuse solar position model; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target direct orientation, recording a direct ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and the target diffuse orientation, recording a diffuse ultraviolet value; in response to detecting alignment between orientation of the light exposure device and a target global orientation, recording a global ultraviolet value; and calculating an ultraviolet index based on the global ultraviolet value, the direct ultraviolet value, and the diffuse ultraviolet value. 1. A method comprising:tracking an orientation of a mobile device comprising an ultraviolet sensor configured to detect intensity of incident ultraviolet radiation;in response to the orientation of the mobile device falling within a target global orientation window at a first time, storing a first value read from the ultraviolet sensor at approximately the first time as a first global ultraviolet value; andcalculating a first ultraviolet index proximal a first location of the mobile device at the first time based on the first global ultraviolet value.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:accessing a set of ultraviolet index curves, each ultraviolet index curve defining a series of ultraviolet indices as a function of time;selecting a first ultraviolet index curve, from the set of ultraviolet index curves, defining a first predicted index value approximating the first ultraviolet index, for the first time; andestimating a first ultraviolet exposure at the mobile device by ...

Broadband And Wide Field Angle Compensator

A rotatable compensator configured to transmit non-collimated light over a broad range of wavelengths, including ultraviolet, with a high degree of retardation uniformity across the aperture is presented. In one embodiment, a rotatable compensator includes a stack of four individual plates in optical contact. The two thin plates in the middle of the stack are made from a birefringent material and are arranged to form a compound, zeroth order bi-plate. The remaining two plates are relatively thick and are made from an optically isotropic material. These plates are disposed on either end of the compound, zeroth order bi-plate. The low order plates minimize the sensitivity of retardation across the aperture to non-collimated light. Materials are selected to ensure transmission of ultraviolet light. The optically isotropic end plates minimize coherence effects induced at the optical interfaces of the thin plates. 1. A parallel plate compensator , comprising:a first birefringent plate having a front surface, a back surface, an optic axis oriented in a plane parallel to the front and back surfaces within a manufacturing tolerance, and a thickness of less than five hundred micrometers;a second birefringent plate having a front surface, a back surface, an optic axis oriented in a plane parallel to the front and back surfaces within the manufacturing tolerance, and a thickness of less than five hundred micrometers, wherein the first birefringent plate and the second birefringent plate are oriented such that the optic axis of the first birefringent plate is aligned approximately perpendicular to the optic axis of the second birefringent plate; anda first optically isotropic plate in optical contact with the front surface of the first birefringent plate, the optically isotropic plate having a thickness of at least five hundred micrometers, wherein a refractive index of the optically isotropic plate is within 15% of a mean refractive index of the first birefringent plate.2. The ...

DEVICE FOR MEASURING A POWER DENSITY DISTRIBUTION OF A RADIATION SOURCE

A device and method for measuring a power density distribution of a radiation source is provided. The device includes a radiation source designed to emit a light beam in a radiation direction; a substrate disposed downstream of the radiation source in the radiation direction and having an extent in an x-direction and a y-direction, the substrate having a first region and at least one further second region, and the first region comprises a diffractive structure designed to separate the light beam impinging on the substrate into a zeroth order of diffraction and at least one first order of diffraction; and a detector unit disposed downstream of the substrate in the radiation direction and designed to measure the intensity of the first order of diffraction transmitted through the substrate and to derive a power density distribution therefrom. 1. A device for measuring a power density distribution of a radiation source , the device comprising:a radiation source adapted to emit a light beam in a radiation direction;a substrate disposed downstream of the radiation source in the radiation direction and having an extent in an x-direction and a y-direction, the substrate having a first region and at least one further second region, the first region comprising a diffractive structure adapted to separate the light beam impinging on the substrate into a zeroth order of diffraction and at least one first order of diffraction; anda detector unit disposed downstream of the substrate in the radiation direction and adapted to measure the intensity of the first order of diffraction transmitted through the substrate and to derive a power density distribution therefrom.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the first region is configured such that only one specific portion of the light beam is separated into a zeroth order of diffraction and at least one first order of diffraction claim 1 , and the substrate and/or the radiation source are/is movable and claim 1 , as a result of ...

Lithographic Apparatus, Sensor and Method

A lithographic apparatus comprises an illumination system configured to condition a radiation beam, a support constructed to support a patterning device, the patterning device being capable of imparting the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section to form a patterned radiation beam; a substrate table constructed to hold a substrate, a projection system configured to project the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of the substrate, and a sensor. The sensor (S) comprises a photodiode () provided on a face () of a semiconductor substrate () towards which the radiation beam is directed during operation of the lithographic apparatus, a first radiation blocking material () being provided around the photodiode on the face of the semiconductor substrate, and a second radiation blocking material () is provided on a side () of the semiconductor substrate upon which the radiation beam is incident during operation of the lithographic apparatus. 1. A sensor for measuring a property of an in-band radiation , comprising:a photodiode provided on a face of a semiconductor substrate;a first radiation blocking material being provided around the photodiode on the face of the semiconductor substrate; anda second radiation blocking material being provided on a side of the semiconductor substrate;wherein the second radiation blocking material provides significant suppression of an out-of-band radiation.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the in-band radiation is an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation.3. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the out-of-band radiation comprises one or more of visible claim 1 , (near-) infra-red (IR) and deep ultra-violet (DUV) radiation.4. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the first radiation blocking material comprises a metal.5. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the second radiation blocking material is provided over the photodiode.6. The sensor according to claim 5 , wherein the second radiation blocking material ...

Ultraviolet Monitoring Device

Monitoring a user's exposure to ultraviolet radiation, including determining the amount of radiation to which the user is exposed from different directions, respectively. 1. A device for monitoring a user's exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation , the monitoring device comprising:a UV sensor that detects UV radiation and that transmits UV radiation data indicative of an amount of the UV radiation received;a display unit;a power source;an orientation unit that detects displacement of the monitoring device from a default orientation and that transmits orientation data indicative of an orientation of the monitoring device;a control circuit including a processor, the processor being configured to receive the UV radiation data from the UV sensor, to receive the orientation data from the orientation unit, to determine a UV index value for radiation being received from each of a plurality of directions, respectively, and to communicate UV exposure information to the display unit for viewing by the user.2. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a user input unit configured to enable the user to input at least one of:a signal indicating that sunscreen has been applied;a signal indicating an SPF value of sunscreen that has been applied; anda signal to restart measurement of UV radiation.3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising an alarm unit configured to notify the user when a preset time period has elapsed since sunscreen was last applied.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprisinga wireless communication unit that receives information from a separate network connected device, and that transmits at least some of the UV exposure information to the separate network connected device;wherein the information received from the separate network connected device comprises at least one of environmental UV forecast information and user specific information.5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a memory unit configured to store the UV radiation data transmitted by ...

FLUORESCENT NITROGEN-VACANCY DIAMOND SENSING SHEET, MANUFACTURING METHOD AND USES THEREOF, SENSOR, AND LITHOGRAPHY APPARATUS

The present disclosure provides a fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy diamond (FNVD) having a plurality of nitrogen-vacancy centers with a concentration about 1 ppm to 10,000 ppm. The FNVD as built-in fluorophores exhibit a nearly constant emission profile over 540 nm to 850 nm upon excitation by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-rays for the energy larger than 6.2 eV. Applying the FNVD sensor can measure VUV/EUV/X-rays as a sensing sheet, manufacturing method and uses thereof, sensor and lithography apparatus. The superb photostability and broad applicability of FNVDs offer a promising solution for the long-standing problem of lacking robust and reliable detectors for VUV, EUV, and X-rays. 1. A fluorescent nitrogen-vacancy diamond (FNVD) sensing sheet , having a plurality of nitrogen-vacancy centers of concentration about 1 ppm to about 10 ,000 ppm.2. The FNVD sensing sheet of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , on absorbing a first radiation claim 1 , the FNVD sensing sheet emits a second radiation claim 1 , wherein the first radiation has a wavelength range less than 250 nm claim 1 , and the second radiation has a wavelength range 540 nm to 850 nm.3. The FNVD sensing sheet of claim 2 , wherein the spectrum of the second radiation has a peak wavelength about 573 nm to 578 nm.4. The FNVD sensing sheet of claim 2 , wherein the FNVD sensing sheet converts the first radiation into a fluorescence with a quantum yield at least 0.1.5. A method for manufacturing a FNVD sensing sheet according to claim 1 , comprising:preparing a plurality of FNVD powders, and shaping the FNVD powders.6. The method for manufacturing the FNVD sensing sheet of claim 5 , wherein the operation of preparing the plurality of FNVD powders further comprises forming a vacancy defect in a type Ib diamond powder and diffusing the vacancy defect into a peripheral of nitrogen atoms of the FNVD powders.7. The method for manufacturing the FNVD sensing sheet of claim 6 , further comprising: ...

WAVEFRONT ADJUSTMENT IN EXTREME ULTRA-VIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY

Some embodiments of the present disclosure related to a method to form and operate the reflective surface to compensate for aberration effects on pattern uniformity. In some embodiments, the reflective surface comprises a mirror of within reduction optics of an EUV illumination tool. In some embodiments, the reflective surface comprises a reflective reticle. An EUV reflective surface topography comprising a reflective surface is disposed on a surface of a substrate, and is manipulated by mechanical force or thermal deformation. The substrate includes a plurality of cavities, where each cavity is coupled to a deformation element configured to expand a volume of the cavity and consequently deform a portion of the reflective surface above each cavity, for local control of the reflective surface through thermal deformation of a resistive material subject to an electric current, or mechanical deformation due to pressurized gas within the cavity or a piezoelectric effect. 1. A reflective surface , comprising a mirror disposed on a surface of a substrate comprising a plurality of cavities , wherein each cavity is coupled to a deformation element configured to expand a volume of the cavity and consequently deform a portion of the mirror above the cavity.2. The reflective surface of claim 1 , wherein the mirror comprises a reflective reticle further comprising a multilayer mirror comprising a plurality of reflective layers separated by a plurality of spacer layers.3. The reflective surface of claim 2 , wherein the reflective layers comprise molybdenum or ruthenium and the spacer layers comprise silicon.4. The reflective surface of claim 1 , wherein the deformation element comprises a gas source configured to expand or contract the volume of the cavity by increasing or decreasing a pressure of a gas within the cavity claim 1 , and consequently deform the surface and mirror.5. The reflective surface of claim 1 , wherein dimensions and spacing of the a plurality of cavities are ...

ULTRAVIOLET DETECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD

An ultraviolet detection system and method comprises a Bluetooth MCU control unit, a Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit and an ultraviolet detection unit. A sensor is a silicon product, which is formed by SOI technology, and the sensor can test the current UVI accurately and quickly, such that the ultraviolet detection system can provide accurate advice to customers to avoid being sunburned. The Bluetooth MCU is a low power consumption Bluetooth chip. 1. an ultraviolet detection system , comprising ,a Bluetooth MCU control unit, a Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit, and an ultraviolet detection unit having an ultraviolet sensor, the Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit including an IC matching circuit and a terminal matching circuit, the Bluetooth MCU control unit being used to do analog to digital (AD) testing, LED controlling, and antenna impedance matching;wherein exposure of the ultraviolet detection unit being to light, an ultraviolet photoelectric diode, composed of a top silicon and located inside the ultraviolet detection unit, producing a current corresponding to radiation intensity of ultraviolet radiation of the light,wherein current of an operational amplifier of the ultraviolet detection unit forms an output voltage corresponding to the current, the output voltage is transmitted to the Bluetooth MCU control unit, and the Bluetooth MCU control unit samples electrical signals, the Bluetooth MCU control unit is used to do AD sampling and testing, receiving and sending data signal, logic controlling, the Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit is matched with the Bluetooth MCU control unit, and partly matched with an on board antenna of the Bluetooth antenna impedance matching unit, wherein the ultraviolet detection unit is a silicon product formed by an SOI technology, the SOI technology is a buried oxide layer being sandwiched between a top silicon layer and a substrate.2. (canceled)3. The ultraviolet detection system of claim 1 , ...

SENSOR MARK AND A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SENSOR MARK

A sensor mark including: a substrate having: a deep ultra violet (DUV) radiation absorbing layer including a first material which substantially absorbs DUV radiation; and a protecting layer including a second material, wherein: the DUV radiation absorbing layer has a through hole in it; the protecting layer is positioned, in plan, in the through hole and the protecting layer in the through hole has a patterned region having a plurality of through holes; and the second material is more noble than the first material. 1. A sensor mark comprising: a deep ultra violet (DUV) radiation absorbing layer comprising a first material which substantially absorbs DUV radiation; and', 'a first protecting layer comprising a second material,, 'a substrate havingwherein:the DUV radiation absorbing layer has a through hole in it;the first protecting layer is positioned, in plan, in the through hole and the first protecting layer in the through hole has a patterned region comprising a plurality of through holes; andthe second material is more noble than the first material.2. The sensor mark of claim 1 , further comprising a second protecting layer comprising a third material positioned on the DUV radiation absorbing layer.3. The sensor mark of claim 2 , wherein the third material at least partially absorbs deep ultraviolet radiation and/or wherein the third material substantially reflects or transmits visible and/or infrared radiation.4. The sensor mark of claim 2 , wherein the second material substantially absorbs deep ultra violet radiation.5. The sensor mark of claim 1 , wherein the DUV radiation absorbing layer and substrate are arranged to substantially suppress reflection of a range of wavelengths in the visible region at normal or grazing incidence.6. The sensor mark of claim 1 , wherein the first protecting layer covers at least part of the DUV radiation absorbing layer to prevent exposure of the DUV radiation absorbing layer.7. The sensor mark of claim 2 , wherein the second ...

EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SENSOR UNIT AND EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT GENERATION APPARATUS

An extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a mirror configured to reflect extreme ultraviolet light; a wavelength filter configured to selectively transmit the extreme ultraviolet light reflected by the mirror; an optical sensor configured to detect the extreme ultraviolet light having transmitted through the wavelength filter; and a purge gas supply unit disposed to supply purge gas to a space between the wavelength filter and the optical sensor. 1. An extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit comprising:a mirror configured to reflect extreme ultraviolet light;a wavelength filter configured to selectively transmit the extreme ultraviolet light reflected by the mirror;an optical sensor configured to detect the extreme ultraviolet light having transmitted through the wavelength filter; anda purge gas supply unit disposed to supply purge gas to a space between the wavelength filter and the optical sensor.2. The extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to claim 1 , further comprising a spacer by which the wavelength filter and the optical sensor are separated from each other by a predetermined distance claim 1 , wherein the purge gas is supplied from the purge gas supply unit to a gap formed at the space between the wavelength filter and the optical sensor by the spacer.3. The extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to claim 2 , wherein the spacer includes a wall member that blocks a side surface of a flow path of the purge gas to reduce diffusion of the purge gas flowing through the gap between the wavelength filter and the optical sensor so that the purge gas flows in one direction.4. The extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to claim 1 , wherein the wavelength filter and the optical sensor are each fixed to a holder by a bonding agent containing carbon.5. The extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:a first purge gas supply unit disposed to supply ...

WEARABLE TO MONITOR EXPOSURE TO UV RADIATION

A wearable or attachable device comprising a UV sensor configured to provide user-specific burn rate times providing an indication to the user when they are exposing themselves to harmful levels of UV radiation. 1. A wearable device to monitor radiation exposure of a wearer of the wearable device , the wearable device comprising:a radiation sensor configured to output a signal based on an instantaneous ultraviolet radiation detected at the radiation sensor;an output device configured to provide an alert to a wearer of the wearable device;a memory, the memory configured to store one or more wearer characteristics; and, store, in the memory, information indicative of the instantaneous ultraviolet radiation detected at the radiation sensor over time;', 'determine a total exposure, of the wearer, to ultraviolet radiation based on monitoring the signal from the radiation sensor;', 'determine, based on the one or more wearer characteristics, whether the total exposure has reached a threshold amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and,', 'cause the output device to provide the alert to the wearer in response to determining that the total exposure has reached the threshold amount of exposure to ultraviolet radiation., 'a processor configured to execute machine readable instructions that cause the processor to2. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the one or more wearer characteristics include a burn rate for the wearer.3. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the output device includes a light.4. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the output device includes a display.5. The wearable device of claim 1 , wherein the output device includes a vibrating motor.6. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a heart rate monitor.7. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more movement sensors.8. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a location sensor.9. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising:a strap; and,a ...

COMPOSITION, FILM FOR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT INTENSITY DETECTION, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE FILM AND METHOD FOR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT INTENSITY DETECTION

A composition for ultraviolet light intensity detection comprises nematic mixed crystals, chiral additives, cholesteric liquid crystals, azobenzene monomers, photopolymerizable monomers and a photoinitiators. When preparing a film having the composition, the steps include mixing each of components of the composition and spreading out the mixture to form a pre-formed film of the mixture, and irradiating the pre-formed film by light to form a film for ultraviolet light intensity detection. 1. A composition for ultraviolet light intensity detection comprising: nematic mixed crystals , chiral additives , cholesteric liquid crystals , azobenzene monomers , photopolymerizable monomers and a photoinitiators.2. The composition for ultraviolet light intensity detection of claim 1 , wherein a clearing point temperature of the nematic mixed crystal is 80° C.˜120° C.3. The composition for ultraviolet light intensity detection of claim 1 , wherein an optical rotation direction of the chiral additive is consistent with that of the cholesteric liquid crystals.9. The composition for ultraviolet light intensity detection of claim 1 , wherein the photoinitiator is selected from a group consisting of benzoin dicarboxylate claim 1 , benzoin ethers and benzoin ethers.10. The composition for ultraviolet light intensity detection of claim 1 , wherein the mass ratio of the nematic mixed crystal claim 1 , the chiral additive claim 1 , the cholesteric liquid crystals claim 1 , the azobenzene monomer claim 1 , the photopolymerizable monomer and the photoinitiator in the composition is (26˜85.99):(5˜19):(0˜20):(2˜11):(7˜22):(0.01˜2).11. A film for ultraviolet light intensity detection claim 1 , obtainable from the composition for ultraviolet light intensity detection of .12. The film for ultraviolet light intensity detection of claim 11 , wherein the film has a network structure.13. A method for preparing a film claim 11 , used to prepare the film for ultraviolet light intensity detection ...

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SENSING CIRCUIT AND SENSING SYSTEM

An ultraviolet light sensing circuit and sensing system. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit comprises a modulation unit and a phase delay unit, wherein the modulation unit comprises a first stage of inverter which is used for sensing ultraviolet light and is used as a voltage feedback modulation stage; and the phase delay unit comprises N stages of inverters which are connected in sequence, where N is an even number which is greater than or equal to 2. The modulation unit is connected to the phase delay unit in sequence, and the output voltage of the phase delay unit is fed to the modulation unit; and the modulation unit is modulated by a control signal which is a pulse signal. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit and sensing system can be used for ultraviolet light information communications. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit can sense ultraviolet light signals and output amplitude modulation wave signals. 1. An ultraviolet light sensing circuit , comprising a modulation unit and a phase delay unit , wherein:the modulation unit comprises a first stage of inverter which is used for induction of ultraviolet light and as a voltage feedback modulation stage;the phase delay unit is sequentially composed of N stages of inverters, wherein N is even number which is greater than or equal to two;the modulation unit and the phase delay unit are sequentially connected, and the output voltage of the phase delay unit is feedback to the modulation unit; andthe modulation unit is modulated by a control signal which is a pulse signal.2. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit of claim 1 , further comprising an output buffer unit claim 1 , wherein the output buffer unit comprises N+2 stages of inverters claim 1 , and is used to improve a driving ability to the ultraviolet light sensing circuit to an output terminal load.3. The ultraviolet light sensing circuit of claim 2 , wherein the first stage of inverter comprises a pull-up module and a pull-down module claim 2 , and ...

BLOCKING ELEMENT OF SHORT WAVELENGTHS IN LED-TYPE LIGHT SOURCES

Method, product and blocking element of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources consisting of a substrate with a pigment distributed on its surface and, in that said pigment has an optical density such that it allows the selective absorption of short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm in a range between 1 and 99%. 119-. (canceled)20. A blocking element of short wavelengths in LED-type light sources comprising:a substrate with a pigment distributed on its surface wherein the pigment has an optical density such that it allows the selective absorption of light emission in LED-type light sources between a maximum percent of absorption and a minimum percent of absorption of the short wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm without completely blocking passage of wavelengths between 380 nm and 500 nm,and wherein the maximum percent of absorption and the minimum percent of absorption are the sum of a maximum percent of absorption and a minimum percent of absorption selected from a predetermined maximum and minimum absorption values of at least one of the following factors: the age of a user of LED-type light source, the size of the LED-type light source, the total exposure time of a user to the LED-type light source, the ambient lighting of the place where the user interacts with the LED-type light source, the time of day, the type of LED-type light source, or a retinal or corneal disease state of the user.21. The blocking element according to comprising a multilayer substrate wherein at least one of said layers contains the blocking pigment of short wavelengths distributed over the surface of said layer.22. The blocking element of short wavelengths according to wherein the substrate is a coating containing a pigment in the entire coating.23. The blocking element of short wavelengths according to wherein the coating is one selected from gel claim 22 , foam claim 22 , emulsion claim 22 , solution claim 22 , dilution claim 22 , or a combination of the above.24. The ...

SYSTEM FOR TRACKING AND RESPONDING TO SOLAR RADIATION EXPOSURE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE

One variation of a system for tracking and responding to Sun exposure includes: a housing configured to transiently attach to a port on a first garment; a jack coupled to the housing configured to transiently engage a port on the first garment; a radiation sensor arranged in the housing and configured to detect solar radiation incident on the housing; and a controller configured to: read an identifier of the first garment from the port via the jack; based on the identifier, estimate a skin exposure of a user wearing the first garment; read a solar radiation value from the radiation sensor at a first time; and, based on the solar radiation value and the skin exposure, estimate a solar radiation exposure of the user at the first time. 1. A system for tracking and responding to Sun exposure comprising:a housing configured to transiently attach to a first garment;a jack coupled to the housing configured to transiently engage the first garment;a radiation sensor configured to detect incident solar radiation; and read an identifier of the first garment from the port via the jack;', 'based on the identifier, estimate a skin exposure of a user wearing the first garment;', 'read a solar radiation value from the radiation sensor; and', 'based on the solar radiation value and the skin exposure, estimate a solar radiation exposure of the user., 'a controller configured to2. A method for tracking and responding to Sun exposure comprising:reading an identifier of a first garment worn by a user;estimating skin exposure of a user wearing the first garment based on the identifier;reading a solar radiation value from a radiation sensor transiently coupled to the first garment; andbased on the solar radiation value and the skin exposure, estimating a solar radiation exposure of the user. This Application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/926,282, filed on 20 Mar. 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/473,937, filed on ...

A SYSTEM FOR COMPUTING EXPOSURE TO SOLAR RADIATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL

System for calculating the exposure to sun radiation received on the different parts of the body by a person, comprising a wearable device () that communicates with a telecommunication mobile device () and a remote computing unit () operatively connected to satellites () to receive georeferenced data related to solar irradiation over time and set to associate the solar irradiance data to the geographical position, the posture and the orientation of the person (P) or of parts of the person's body. 1. A system used to calculate exposure to solar radiation in a given wavelength range , received by a person in each part of a body , the system comprising:a wearable device having stable position and orientation with respect to the body of a person, the wearable device comprising position sensors capable of detecting position data of one or more points of the body according to at least azimuth and inclination with respect to a vertical line depending on the position that the body has during sun exposure;a geolocalization sensor associated with the person;a remote computing unit operatively connected to a satellite means to receive georeferenced data related to solar irradiation over time and to associate solar irradiance data to geographic position, posture and the orientation of the person or of parts of the body of the person over time, to provide an overall incident irradiance and a relative associated dose accumulated over time for each point of the body; a first communication interface connected to the wearable device and the geolocalization sensor for receiving first data related to the geographic position, posture and orientation of the person or of parts of the body of the person;', 'a second communication interface connected to the remote computing unit to send to the first data to the remote computing unit and to receive second data relative to the sun exposure of the person;', "a means for the person receiving information associated to the second data relating ...

RADIATION SENSORS

In accordance with at least one aspect of this disclosure, an ultraviolet radiation (UV) sensor includes a UV sensitive material and a first electrode and a second electrode connected in series through the UV sensitive material such that UV radiation can reach the UV sensitive material. The UV sensitive material can include at least one of zinc tin oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium zinc oxide, or zinc oxide. The electrodes can be interdigitated comb electrodes. 1. A radiation sensor , comprising:at least one layer of radiation sensitive material; andat least a first electrode and a second electrode connected in series through the radiation sensitive material such that radiation can reach the radiation sensitive material, a first layer of the radiation sensitive material;', 'a second layer having a second layer comb electrode with second layer comb electrode extensions;', 'a third layer of radiation sensitive material; and', 'a fourth layer having a fourth layer comb electrode with fourth layer comb electrode extensions., 'wherein the radiation sensitive material is a separate layer from the electrodes, wherein each electrode is a separated by a layer of the radiation sensitive material, wherein the at least one layer of radiation sensitive material and the at least first electrode and second electrode include2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the radiation sensitive material includes at least one of tin oxide claim 1 , zinc tin oxide claim 1 , magnesium oxide claim 1 , magnesium zinc oxide claim 1 , or zinc oxide.3. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the radiation sensitive material is disposed in a space defined between the electrode extensions of each electrode.4. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the electrodes and the radiation sensitive material are at least partially transparent to radiation.5. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the fourth layer comb electrode extensions are narrower than the second layer comb electrode extensions.6. The sensor of ...

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT MODULE HAVING OUTPUT POWER CONTROL MECHANISM

The invention relates to UV light modules that generate UV light. The UV light module includes: a substrate; a light source mounted on a top surface of the substrate, the light source generates output light; a detector mounted on the top surface of the substrate, the detector detects light incident thereon; and a lens disposed over the light source and the detector. The lens includes a surface on which a portion of the output light is internally reflected and the portion of the output light travels through the lens to the detector. 1. An apparatus for generating light , comprising:a substrate;a light source mounted on a top surface of the substrate, the light source generates output light;a detector mounted on the top surface of the substrate, the detector detects light incident thereon;a lens disposed over the light source and the detector, the lens includes a surface on which a portion of the output light is internally reflected and the portion of the output light travels through the lens to the detector, the lens having a bottom surface that is in direct contact with a top surface of the light source and a top surface of the detector;a controller for sending signals on a regular basis; anda counter for monitoring an operation lifetime of the light source based on the signals from the controller.2. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the light source claim 1 , detector and lens are arranged so that the detector receives 1-10% of the output light generated by the light source.3. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the light source claim 1 , detector and lens are arranged so that the detector produces a photo induced current of at least 1 μA.4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the output light generated by the light source has a wavelength range of 205-365 nm.5. The apparatus as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:a feedback loop that controls a power input to the light source using an output signal from the detector.6. The ...

MISSILE DETECTOR AND A METHOD OF WARNING OF A MISSILE

A missile detector includes a primary sensor for detecting a potential missile in a first spectral range, a secondary sensor for detecting the potential missile in a second spectral range, and an evaluation unit. The evaluation unit receives first detection signals from the primary sensor and compares them with a threshold value. When the threshold value has been exceeded, a warning signal of the potential missile is issued. Second detection signals from the secondary sensor are continuously received and stored for a predetermined period of time, in order to perform a verification of the potential missile based on a traceback when the warning signal is present. The traceback involves analysis of the stored sensor signals of the secondary sensor. 1. A passive missile detector , comprising:a primary sensor configured to detect a potential missile in a first spectral range;a secondary sensor configured to detect the potential missile in a second spectral range; and receive first detection signals from the primary sensor and generate, responsive to the first detection signals exceeding a declaration threshold value, a warning signal from the potential missile,', 'continuously receive and store second detection signals from the secondary sensor for a predetermined period of time, and', 'perform, when the warning signal is generated, a verification of the potential missile based on a traceback, wherein the traceback comprises an analysis of the stored second detection signals of the secondary sensor., 'an evaluation unit configured to'}2. The missile detector of claim 1 , wherein the evaluation unit is further configured to output at least one of the following alarms:a warning after a declaration signal is triggered by the primary sensor when the declaration threshold value is reached;an alarm upon verification of the warning by the secondary sensor; andan alarm upon reaching a further declaration threshold for the first detection signal, wherein the further declaration ...

ULTRAVIOLET-SENSITIVE SHEET, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ULTRAVIOLET-SENSING SHEET, AND METHOD FOR SENSING ULTRAVIOLET

Provided an ultraviolet-sensing sheet that facilitates measurement of ultraviolet irradiance over a wide area, that is suitable in ultraviolet irradiance in a range from 1 to 1,000 mJ/cm, a method for manufacturing such an ultraviolet-sensing sheet, and a method for sensing ultraviolet. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet has a change in reflection density ΔD1 of 0.2 or more over a range of cumulative illuminance 1 mJ/cmor more and less than 10 mJ/cm, 1. A dispersion comprises a capsule containing a photo-oxidant and a leuco dye capable of developing color by the photo-oxidant ,which has a mass ratio of the photo-oxidant and the leuco dye is 0.2 to 1.0:1.2. A dispersion according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '2', 'wherein when the dispersion is formed to a layer containing the leuco dye in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 g per 1 mof a surface of the layer,'}{'sup': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'the layer has a change in reflection density ΔD1 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulative illuminance of 1 mJ/cmor more and less than 10 mJ/cm, a change in reflection density ΔD2 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulative illuminance of 10 mJ/cmor more and less than 100 mJ/cm, and a change in reflection density ΔD3 of 0.2 or more in a range of cumulative illuminance of 100 mJ/cmor more and 1,000 mJ/cmor less, as measured at a wavelength of 365 nm.'}3. The dispersion according to claim 1 , which contains water.4. The dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein the capsule has a shell wall of which martial contains at least one selected from a polyurethane claim 1 , a polyurea claim 1 , a polyester claim 1 , a polycarbonate claim 1 , an urea-formaldehyde resin claim 1 , a melamine-formaldehyde resin claim 1 , a polystyrene claim 1 , a styrene-methacrylate copolymer claim 1 , a gelatin claim 1 , a polyvinylpyrrolidone claim 1 , and a poly vinyl alcohol.5. The dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein the capsule has a volume average particle size of 0.1 to 100 μm.7. The dispersion according to claim 1 , ...

ULTRAVIOLET (UV) SCHOTTKY DIODE DETECTOR HAVING SINGLE CRYSTAL UV RADIATION DETECTOR MATERIAL BONDED DIRECTLY TO A SUPPORT STRUCTURE WITH PROPER C-AXIS ORIENTATION

A radiation detector for detecting ultraviolet energy having a single crystal UV radiation detector material and an amorphous support layer disposed directly on the single crystal UV radiation detector material with the single crystal UV radiation detector material having a c-axis aligned along a direction of the ultraviolet energy being detected. 16-. (canceled)7. A method for forming an UV light detector , comprising:providing a single crystal seed layer having a <111> crystallographic surface;providing an amorphous support layer adjacent to the single crystal seed layer; the amorphous support layer having a supporting surface perpendicular to the <111> surface of the single crystal seed layer;depositing a UV radiation detecting material on both the supporting surface and on a portion of the <111> crystallographic surface of the single crystal seed layer adjacent to the supporting surface;converting the deposited UV radiation detecting material deposited on the supporting surface into single crystal UV radiation detecting material having a c-axis thereof perpendicular to the <111> crystallographic axis of the single crystal seed layer.8. The method recited in wherein the amorphous support layer retards formation of imperfections in the single crystal UV radiation detecting material on the amorphous support layer during successively heating and cooling during the converting.9. A method for forming an UV light detector claim 7 , comprising:providing a single crystal seed layer having a <111> crystallographic surface;providing an amorphous support layer adjacent to the single crystal seed layer, the amorphous support layer having a supporting surface perpendicular to the <111> surface of the single crystal seed layer;depositing a UV radiation detecting material on both the supporting surface and on a portion of the <111> crystallographic surface of the single crystal seed layer adjacent to the supporting surface;successively heating and cooling the deposited UV ...

Indoors / Outdoors Detection

Determining time spent outdoors. A method includes, at a first time, using one or more primary criteria including one or more criteria related to information provided by a first hardware input sensor on a device, to determine that the device is outdoors. The method further includes at one or more other times, using one or more secondary criteria, different than the primary criteria, the secondary criteria related to information provided by one or more second hardware input sensors, to determine continuity of the device being outdoors from the first time to the one or more other times. The method further includes based on determining that the device is outdoors and determining continuity of the device being outdoors from the first time to the one or more other times, identifying a total amount of time that the device has been outdoors.

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT RECEIVING ELEMENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT RECEIVING ELEMENT

Provided is an ultraviolet light receiving element capable of reducing visible light sensitivity. The ultraviolet light receiving element includes: a first photodiode sensitive to an ultraviolet light provided in a first region of a semiconductor substrate; and a second photodiode insensitive to the ultraviolet light provided in a second region of the semiconductor substrate. A second well implantation layer in the second photodiode has a peak concentration position deeper than a peak concentration position of a well implantation layer in the first photodiode by a depth equal to a depth from a surface of the semiconductor substrate to a peak concentration position of a surface implantation layer in the second photodiode. 1. An ultraviolet light receiving element , comprising:a first photodiode sensitive to an ultraviolet light provided in a first region of a semiconductor substrate, and including a first well implantation layer of a first conductivity type, a first embedded implantation layer of a second conductivity type, and a first surface implantation layer of the first conductivity type, the first embedded implantation layer being formed in the first well implantation layer, the first surface implantation layer being formed in a surface of the semiconductor substrate in the first embedded implantation layer; anda second photodiode insensitive to an ultraviolet light provided in a second region of the semiconductor substrate, and including a second well implantation layer of the first conductivity type, a second embedded implantation layer of the second conductivity type, and a second surface implantation layer of the first conductivity type, the second embedded implantation layer being formed in the second well implantation layer, the second surface implantation layer being formed in the surface of the semiconductor substrate in the second embedded implantation layer,the second well implantation layer having a peak concentration position deeper than a peak ...

INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, CLIENT TERMINAL, AND PROGRAM

Optimal information in consideration with time series environmental factors is provided to users. 1. An information processing apparatus comprising;a retrieve module configured to retrieve environmental information indicating an ultraviolet ray exposure amount indicating an amount of ultraviolet rays exposed to a user, a temperature of an environment where the user stays, and a humidity of the environment where the user stays;a present module configured to present first information relating to the skin condition of the user based on the environmental information; anda present module configured to present second information relating to the skin condition of the user based on environmental log information including a plurality of environmental information.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first information and the second information comprise at least one of advice on the user's skin care method claim 1 , advice on a product suitable for the user's skin care claim 1 , advice on the user's hormone balance claim 1 , and advice on the user's stress.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:an estimation module configured to estimate a skin index of the skin condition of the user based on the environment log information; anda present module configured to present the estimated skin index.4. An information processing apparatus comprising:a retrieve module configured to retrieve environmental information indicating an ultraviolet ray exposure amount indicating an amount of ultraviolet rays exposed to a user, a temperature of an environment where the user stays, and a humidity of the environment where the user stays;an estimation module configured to estimate a skin index of the skin condition of the user based on the environment log information comprising a plurality of the environmental information; anda present module configured to present the estimated skin index.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a retrieve module configured to retrieve action ...

LIGHT INTENSITY ADJUSTABLE ULTRAVIOLET DEVICE FOR CURING OPTICAL FIBER COATING

A light intensity adjustable ultraviolet device for curing an optical fiber coating includes a cylindrical mounting base; a UVLED light source module mounted along a peripheral direction and an axial direction in an inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base; a cylindrical focusing lens configured in front of a light emitting surface of the UVLED light source module, so that ultraviolet light emitted by the UVLED light source module is focused on a curing axis; and an ultraviolet sensor mounted in the inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base, wherein the ultraviolet sensor is connected to a UVLED power supply control module via an ultraviolet intensity signal processing module; the UVLED power supply control module is connected to the UVLED light source module, so that an optical fiber drawing speed and an ultraviolet intensity form a control closed loop. 1. A light intensity adjustable ultraviolet device for curing an optical fiber coating , comprising:a cylindrical mounting base;a UVLED light source module mounted along a peripheral direction and an axial direction in an inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base;a cylindrical focusing lens configured in front of a light emitting surface of the UVLED light source module, so that ultraviolet light emitted by the UVLED light source module is focused on a curing axis; andan ultraviolet sensor mounted in the inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base, wherein the ultraviolet sensor is connected to a UVLED power supply control module via an ultraviolet intensity signal processing module; the UVLED power supply control module is connected to the UVLED light source module, so that an optical fiber drawing speed and an ultraviolet intensity form a control closed loop.2. The light intensity adjustable ultraviolet device according to claim 1 , wherein a transparent quartz glass tube is mounted in the middle of the inner cavity of the cylindrical mounting base; the curing axis is located in an inner cavity of ...

UV LIGHT SENSOR WITH STRAY LIGHT SUPPRESSION, AND A METHOD FOR DETECTING UV LIGHT

The invention relates to a UV light sensor produced in a CMOS method, comprising a substrate that has a surface, one or more sensor elements that detect radiation and are designed in said substrate, at least one passivation layer arranged over said substrate surface, and a functional layer that is arranged over said passivation layer and designed in the form of at least one filter. The problem addressed by the invention of providing a UV light sensor which is sensitive exclusively within the UV wavelength range is solved, in terms of arrangement, by means of filters designed directly on a planar passivation layer, and stray light suppressing means around said at least one sensor element and/or around the UV light sensor. In terms of the method, the problem is solved by measuring two output signal from at least two photo diodes fitted with different filters, and by determining a mathematical relationship between the two output signals. 1. UV light sensor produced by a CMOS process , comprising a substrate that has a surface , one or more sensor elements that detect radiation and are designed in the substrate , at least one passivation layer arranged over the substrate surface , and a functional layer that is arranged over the passivation layer , wherein the functional layer is designed as at least one filter , characterized in that the passivation layer has a planar design , and the filter is designed directly on the planar passivation layer , and stray light suppressing means are designed around the at least one sensor element and/or around the UV light sensor.2. The UV light sensor according to claim 1 , characterized in that the stray light suppressing means are formed at least partially by the filter.3. The UV light sensor according to claim 1 , characterized in that the stray light suppressing means is formed at least partially by a metal layer arranged over the entire surface of the UV light sensor claim 1 , leaving the sensor elements uncovered.4. The UV light ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVED SENSOR VIBRATION CANCELLATION

Optical sensing systems having improved vibration cancelation, and methods of achieving improved vibration cancelation. In one example, an optical sensing system includes an optical sensor configured to produce an unprocessed sensor output signal representative of a response of the optical sensor to at least an optical signature of interest and a local vibration excitation, a reference sensor configured to provide a reference signal responsive to the local vibration excitation, and a controller, including an adaptive digital filter, coupled to the optical sensor and to the reference sensor, and configured to receive the reference signal and to adjust one or more coefficients of the adaptive digital filter to minimize coherence between a residual signal and the reference signal, the residual signal being a difference between the sensor output signal and a filter output signal from the adaptive digital filter. 1. An optical sensing system comprising:an optical sensor configured to produce an unprocessed sensor output signal representative of a response of the optical sensor to at least an optical signature of interest and a local vibration excitation;a reference sensor configured to provide a reference signal responsive to the local vibration excitation; anda controller, including an adaptive digital filter, coupled to the optical sensor and to the reference sensor, and configured to receive the reference signal and to adjust one or more coefficients of the adaptive digital filter to minimize coherence between a residual signal and the reference signal, the residual signal being a difference between the sensor output signal and a filter output signal from the adaptive digital filter.2. The optical sensing system of wherein the reference sensor is an accelerometer and the reference signal is an acceleration signal.3. The optical sensing system of wherein the optical sensor and the accelerometer are disposed proximate one another on a movable platform.4. The optical ...

Printed Sun Exposure Sensor With Fluorescent Toner For Disposable/Single Use

A sun exposure sensor for disposable or single use including a substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface; a sun exposure sensing portion disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, the sun exposure sensing portion comprising a fluorescent toner image, wherein the fluorescent toner image increasingly fades upon exposure to sunlight; a sun exposure scale disposed on the upper surface of the substrate, the sun exposure scale comprising an evaluation image for evaluating an amount of fading of the fluorescent toner image; an optional coating layer disposed over all or a portion of the upper surface of the substrate; an optional backing layer disposed over all or a portion of the lower surface of the substrate. A process for preparing the sensor using xerographic toner printing.

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUSES FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT AND REAL-TIME FEEDBACK OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE

System and methods for accurate measurement and real-time feedback of solar ultraviolet exposure for management of ultraviolet dose. The systems can include a wearable device and a mobile device, the system performing accurate measurement of UV exposure. 1. A computer executable method of increasing the accuracy of UV monitoring , comprising:receiving UVB information that is indicative of an intensity of UVB light sensed by a UV sensor, the UV sensor disposed in a UV monitor;comparing the UVB information with a threshold UVB level to make a first determination if the UV monitor is indoors or outside;receiving secondary information indicative of light outside of the UVB range sensed by the UV sensor or a second sensor disposed in the UV monitor;using the secondary information to make a second determination about the environment of the UV monitor;using the second determination about the environment to select one of a plurality of environment models for predicting the UV Index; andpredicting the UV Index with the selected model.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein receiving secondary information comprises receiving secondary information indicative of visible light sensed by a second sensor claim 1 , the second sensor being a visible light sensor disposed in the UV monitor claim 1 , and wherein using the secondary information comprises using the secondary information to make a second determination about whether the UV monitor is outdoors and in the shade claim 1 , or outdoors and in the open.3. The method of wherein making the second determination comprises comparing the secondary information indicative of visible light to a visible light threshold.4. The method of further comprising claim 3 , using the UVB information that is indicative of an intensity of UVB light sensed by a UV sensor and the secondary information indicative of visible light sensed by a second sensor to make a further determination about whether the UV monitor is in an open cloudy environment claim 3 , ...

EXPOSURE APPARATUS, EXPOSURE METHOD, AND DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD

An exposure apparatus is provided with a light source for emitting pulse light and exposes a substrate via to the pulse light an original. Further, the exposure apparatus comprises a detection unit for detecting the light quantity of the pulse light and a controller for controlling the light source and the detection unit. Here, the controller is configured to execute a first calibration process for obtaining a relation between a control input to the light source and a light quantity of a pulse light from the light source, based on light quantities of a plurality of pulse lights detected by the detector by causing the light source to emit the plurality of the pulse lights with a plurality of the control input, in parallel with execution of a second calibration process which is different from the first calibration process and executed using the plurality of pulse lights. 1. An exposure apparatus that includes a light source for emitting pulse light and exposes a substrate to the pulse light via an original , the apparatus comprising:a detector configured to detect a light quantity of the pulse light; anda controller configured to control the light source and the detector,wherein the controller is configured to execute a first calibration process for obtaining a relation between a control input to the light source and a light quantity of a pulse light from the light source, based on light quantities of a plurality of pulse lights detected by the detector by causing the light source to emit the plurality of the pulse lights with a plurality of the control input, in parallel with execution of a second calibration process which is different from the first calibration process and executed using the plurality of pulse lights.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to generate the control input based on the relation.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a projection optical system configured to project light from the ...

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUSES FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT AND REAL-TIME FEEDBACK OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET EXPOSURE

System and methods for accurate measurement and real-time feedback of solar ultraviolet exposure for management of ultraviolet dose. The systems can include a wearable device and a mobile device, the system performing accurate measurement of UV exposure. 1. A charging system for a wearable UV sensing device comprising:a wearable housing comprising a UV sensor, a central conductor, and at least one annular conductor extending around the central conductor, the central conductor and the at least one annular conductor at a bottom surface of the housing;a charger including at least first and second conductive contacts,wherein the first and second contacts are spaced from each other and the central conductor and annular conductor are spaced from each other such that the first and second contacts are aligned with the central conductor and the annular conductor, respectively, when the housing and charger interface.2. The charging system of wherein the charger further comprises a first magnetic element that is magnetically attracted to a second magnetic element disposed within the wearable housing.3. The charging system of wherein the first and second magnetic elements are positioned and configured such that their magnetic attraction facilitates the alignment of the first and second contacts with the central and annular conductors claim 2 , respectively.4. The charging system of wherein the first and second magnetic elements are substantially the same size.5. The charging system of wherein the central conductor is claim 1 , in a top view claim 1 , aligned with the UV sensor.6. A wearable UV sensing system claim 1 , comprising:a housing comprising a UV sensor and a first magnetic element; anda second magnetic element outside of the housing and adapted to have a magnetic attraction with the first magnetic element.7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the second magnetic element is not physically attached to the housing.8. The device of wherein the second magnetic element is ...

CHEMICAL SENSORS FOR DETECTION AND DISPLAY OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS

Described herein are systems and methods for coupling environmental hazard detection and actuation of a wearable chemical sensor at a molecular level. The chemical sensor may be a wearable chemical sensor implemented as a powder, cream, lacquer or other wearable construct. The wearable chemical sensor may detect exposure to various environmental hazards and provide an analog means (e.g., a range of color changes) of indicating the level of environmental hazard exposure. 1. A wearable powder chemical sensor , comprising:a first layer for receiving a pollutant; anda second layer underlying the first layer for producing a range of color changes over time through one or more chemical reactions that is based on a length of exposure to the pollutant or a concentration of the pollutant, wherein the range of color changes represent different exposure levels to the pollutant.2. The wearable powder chemical sensor of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more chemical reactions comprises a conversion reaction that converts a first chemical to a different second chemical.3. The wearable powder chemical sensor of claim 2 , wherein the one or more chemical reactions comprise a first chemical reaction that occurs in the first layer and causes a second chemical reaction in the second layer claim 2 , the second chemical reaction producing the range of color changes.4. The wearable powder chemical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the one or more chemical reactions comprise a chemical reaction that occurs in the second layer to produce the range of color changes.5. The wearable powder chemical sensor of claim 4 , wherein the chemical reaction that occurs in the second layer comprises an isomerization reaction.6. The wearable powder chemical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the pollutant comprises ultraviolet light.7. The wearable powder chemical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the pollutant comprises ozone.8. The wearable powder chemical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the pollutant comprises ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING TEMPERATURE OF USER

Disclosed herein are a system and method for controlling the temperature of a user. The wearable device may include a first temperature measurement unit configured to measure a temperature of a user and a control unit configured to calculate a temperature difference by comparing the temperature measured by the first temperature measurement unit with a previously stored temperature of the user at normal times, provide temperature measurement information to an external device if the calculated temperature difference is more than a reference temperature difference for a predetermined time, and receive service information for controlling the temperature of the user based on the temperature measurement information from the external device. 1. A wearable device for a service for controlling a temperature of a user , comprising:a first temperature measurement unit configured to measure a temperature of a user; anda control unit configured to calculate a temperature difference by comparing the temperature measured by the first temperature measurement unit with a previously stored temperature of the user at normal times, provide temperature measurement information to an external device if the calculated temperature difference is more than a reference temperature difference for a predetermined time, and receive service information for controlling the temperature of the user based on the temperature measurement information from the external device.2. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising:a second temperature measurement unit configured to measure an external temperature; anda display unit configured to display at least one of the temperature measured by the first temperature measurement unit, the external temperature measured by the second temperature measurement unit, the temperature difference, the reference temperature difference, and the service information for controlling the temperature of the user.3. The wearable device of claim 1 , further comprising a ...

Method for manufacturing carbon quantum dots showing discoloration characteristics in the cumulative amount of uv exposure, and color change sensor including the same

Disclosed are a method for producing carbon quantum dots having color change based on a cumulative amount of exposure thereof to UV light, and to a color change sensor including the same that indicates a cumulative UV amount. The method for producing the carbon quantum dots include performing solvothermal reaction on blue inkjet printer dye, urea and an organic solvent in a high pressure reactor.

Wearable UV Exposure Sensor

The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to a wearable UV sensor for detecting a dose of an electromagnetic radiation, the wearable UV sensor comprising: (a) a polymer substrate comprising at least one polymer and at least one UV radiation exposure indicator; and (b) an adhesive, wherein exposure of the wearable UV sensor to the dose of the electromagnetic radiation produces a photochromic change in the polymer substrate. The present disclosure also relates to a method for determining a magnitude of a dose of UV radiation exposure, the method comprising: providing a wearable UV sensor comprising a polymer substrate, a UV radiation exposure indicator, and optionally an adhesive layer; exposing the wearable UV sensor to at least one dose of an electromagnetic radiation to form an irradiated wearable UV sensor, wherein the exposing results in a photochromic change by the wearable UV sensor; and determining the magnitude of the at least one dose of electromagnetic radiation. 1. A wearable UV sensor for detecting a threshold dose of a UV radiation , the wearable UV sensor comprising:(a) a first layer comprising a polymer substrate comprising a UV radiation exposure indicator; and(b) a second layer comprising an adhesive;wherein exposure of the UV radiation exposure indicator to the threshold dose of the UV radiation produces a photochromic response in the UV radiation exposure indicator, wherein the wearable UV sensor is sized to be worn on a human subject,wherein the UV radiation comprises a wavelength range from about 290 nm to about 400 nm, and wherein the wearable UV sensor is configured to receive an applied product in a manner comparable to human skin.2. A wearable UV sensor for detecting a dose of a UV radiation , the wearable UV sensor comprising:(a) a first layer comprising a polymer substrate; and(b) a second layer comprising a UV radiation exposure indicator;wherein exposure of the UV radiation exposure indicator to the dose of the UV ...

SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING UV DOSE IN A REACTOR SYSTEM

The is described a process for determining a validated Reduction Equivalent Dose for reducing the concentration of a target contaminant contained in a fluid in a radiation fluid treatment system. In one embodiment, the process comprises the steps of: (a) determining a short wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose for the target contaminant or a challenge contaminant in a first region of the electromagnetic spectrum having a wavelength of less than or equal to about 240 nm; (b) determining a long wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose for the target contaminant or a challenge contaminant in a second region of the electromagnetic spectrum having a wavelength of greater than about 240 nm; and (c) summing the short wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose and the long wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose to produce the validated Reduction Equivalent Dose for the target contaminant. In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a useful approach for determining the relevant Reduction Equivalent Dose (RED) for disinfection and accomplishes this by using the discovered relation between the short wavelength sensor signal and the short wavelength RED, and subtracting the short wavelength RED from the RED determined using a challenge microbe with synthetic lamp sleeves, to obtain the long wavelength RED applicable to disinfection. In a bioassay, one would only need the short wavelength sensor reading and the challenge microbe RED using synthetic lamp sleeves to determine the applicable RED, once the relationship between the short wavelength sensor reading and the short wavelength RED was established. 1. A process for determining a validated Reduction Equivalent Dose for reducing the concentration of a target contaminant contained in a fluid in a radiation fluid treatment system , the process comprising the steps of:(a) determining a short wavelength Reduction Equivalent Dose for the target contaminant or a challenge contaminant in a first region of the electromagnetic ...

ULTRAVIOLET-SENSING SHEET, ULTRAVIOLET-SENSING SET, AND ULTRAVIOLET-SENSING METHOD

Provided are an ultraviolet-sensing sheet, an ultraviolet-sensing set, and an ultraviolet-sensing method, in which color gradation properties which are suitable for detecting an ultraviolet dose are obtained and in which the coloring of an ultraviolet-sensing layer caused by the effect of light other than ultraviolet light is prevented. 1. An ultraviolet-sensing sheet comprising:a filter layer that selectively allows transmission of light having a specific wavelength; andan ultraviolet-sensing layer that includes a capsule including a color-forming dye and a photooxidant.2. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to claim 1 ,wherein the filter layer has a region in which a transmittance in a thickness direction in a wavelength range of 300 nm or longer and shorter than 380 nm is 70% or higher.3. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to claim 1 ,wherein a maximum value of a transmittance of the filter layer in a thickness direction in a wavelength range of 300 nm or longer and shorter than 380 nm is 70% or higher, anda maximum value of a transmittance of the filter layer in the thickness direction in a wavelength range of 380 nm to 450 nm is 30% or lower.4. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to claim 1 ,wherein the filter layer includes at least either a yellow colorant or inorganic particles.5. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to claim 1 ,wherein the photooxidant includes an organic halogen compound and one or more radical generators selected from the group consisting of a lophine dimer and a benzophenone,a mass ratio of the organic halogen compound to the radical generator is 1:0.1 to 1:10, andthe organic halogen compound is a compound other than a lophine dimer and a benzophenone.6. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to claim 5 ,wherein the number of halogen atoms in one molecule of the organic halogen compound is 3 or more.7. The ultraviolet-sensing sheet according to claim 1 ,wherein the color-forming dye is a leuco dye.8. The ultraviolet- ...

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUSES FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH RELEVANT UV EXPOSURE FROM SUNLIGHT

Methods of accurately estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure, such as the UV Index, and sensors adapted for the same. 1. A computer executable method of estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure , the computer executable method stored in a memory , the method comprising:receiving as input information that is indicative of an irradiance measured from a sensor sensitive to incident light having a spectral sensitivity from 305 nm-315 nm; andestimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure using the input information.2. The computer executable method of claim 1 , wherein estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure using the information comprises utilizing a relationship that can be approximated to a linear correlation between the information and erythemaly-weighted UV exposure.3. The computer executable method of claim 1 , wherein the receiving step comprises receiving as input information that is indicative of an irradiance measured from a sensor sensitive to incident light having a spectral sensitivity from 308 nm-312 nm.4. The computer executable method of claim 1 , wherein the receiving step comprises receiving as input information that is indicative of an irradiance measured from a sensor sensitive to incident light having a spectral sensitivity from 309.5 nm-311.5 nm51. The computer executable method of claim 1 , wherein the erythemaly-weighted UV exposure is UV Index claim 1 , and is a product of a calibration UV index of a known calibration source and a ratio of the output of the sensor when exposed to the unknown electromagnetic source to an output of the sensor when exposed to the calibration source.61. The computer executable method of claim 1 , wherein the receiving step comprises receiving as input information that is indicative of an irradiance measured from a sensor that includes a narrow-band filter disposed above a semiconductor.71. The computer executable method of claim 1 , further comprising causing to be displayed on a display (e.g. claim 1 , on a ...

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND APPARATUSES FOR ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF HEALTH RELEVANT UV EXPOSURE FROM SUNLIGHT

Methods of accurately estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure, such as the UV Index, and sensors adapted for the same. 1. A sensor adapted for use in estimating erythemaly-weighted UV exposure:wherein the sensor is more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 305 nm to 315 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 305 nm to 315 nm.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a semiconductor and an optic portion claim 1 , and wherein the combination of the semiconductor and the optic portion makes the sensor more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 305 nm to 315 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 305 nm to 315 nm.3. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a semiconductor that is sensitive to at least one of the wavelengths between 309 nm and 312 nm.4. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 308 nm to 312 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 308 nm to 312 nm.5. The sensor of claim 1 , further comprises a sensor output detector that is adapted to detect an output from the sensor.6. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a narrow-band filter disposed above a semiconductor.7. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein a combination of the narrow-band filter and the semiconductor makes the sensor more sensitive to light with a wavelength from 305 nm to 315 nm than to light with a wavelength outside of 305 nm to 315 nm.8. The sensor of claim 7 , wherein the narrow-band filter is centered on 312 nm.9. The sensor of claim 7 , wherein the semiconductor is a silicon carbide photodetector.10. The sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a wearable device in which the sensor is disposed and secured.11. The sensor of claim 10 , wherein the wearable device further comprises a UVA sensor.12. The sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a personal device (e.g. claim 1 , smartphone) in which the sensor is disposed and secured.13. The personal device of claim 12 , wherein the ...

ULTRAVIOLET INDEX MEASURING METHOD AND APPARATUS

An ultraviolet index measuring method and apparatus includes preparing a first photosensor having spectral response only in a first section of a wavelength between 250 nm and 298 nm, a second photosensor having spectral response only in a second section of a wavelength between 298 nm and 328 nm, and a third photosensor having spectral response only in a third section of a wavelength between 328 nm and 400 nm. An output signal of the first photosensor, an output signal of the second photosensor, and an output signal of the third photosensor are calibrated using spectral irradiance of reference solar light. First photocurrent of the first photosensor, second photocurrent of the second photosensor, and third photocurrent of the third photosensor are measured under a measurement environment. An ultraviolet index is calculated using the first photocurrent, the second photocurrent, and the third photocurrent under the measurement environment. 1. An ultraviolet index measuring method comprising:preparing a first photosensor having spectral response only in a first section of a wavelength between 250 nm and 298 nm, a second photosensor having spectral response only a second section of a wavelength between 298 nm and 328 nm, and a third photosensor having spectral response only a third section of a wavelength between 328 nm and 400 nm;calibrating an output signal of the first photosensor, an output signal of the second photosensor, and an output signal of the third photosensor using spectral irradiance of reference solar light;measuring first photocurrent of the first photosensor, second photocurrent of the second photosensor, and third photocurrent of the third photosensor under a measurement environment; andcalculating an ultraviolet index using the first photocurrent, the second photocurrent, and the third photocurrent under the measurement environment.2. The ultraviolet index measuring method of claim 1 , wherein calibrating the output signal of the first photosensor ...

UV DOSIMETRY SYSTEM WITH SENSOR DATA CORRECTION

A UV exposure dosimetry system includes at least one UV sensor that measures the UV irradiance intensity. The system can generate extrapolated UV intensity data based on measured UV intensity data to correct unreliable UV measurement due to inconsistent irradiation of UV light. The system integrates the extrapolated UV intensity data over time to calculate real-time UV dosage and vitamin D production by taking into account factors including UV sensor location, body surface area, clothing coverage, and sunscreen usage. Based on the measurement, the system can predict the time remaining to skin burn and the time remaining to reach daily goal of vitamin D production. The system is also adapted to measure sun exposure time based on the corrected UV intensity over a period of time. The UV dosimetry system supports multi-user control through an advanced and user friendly input and output interface. 1. A device comprising:a UV sensing unit configured to measure an irradiating UV intensity;a shade detector embedded within the device configured to detect if a user of the device is in a shaded condition or an unshaded condition; anda computing unit adapted to correct the measured irradiating UV intensity if the user is determined to be in the unshaded condition;wherein the computing unit is further adapted to measure a sun exposure time based on the corrected UV intensity over a period of time.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the shade detector comprises a temperature sensor configured to measure an ambient temperature claim 1 , and the computing unit is adapted to detect a change of the user's environment if a newly measured ambient temperature is determined to deviate significantly from a trend of recently measured ambient temperature.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the shade detector detects the user changes to the shaded condition if the computing unit detects the change of the user's environment claim 2 , and a low UV intensity is detected.4. The device of claim 2 , ...

LIGHT RECEIVER AND MOBILE ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A light receiver capable of detecting the intensity of light in a certain wavelength range is provided. The light receiver includes a first light receiving element (PD) and a second light receiving element (PD) that have an identical spectral sensitivity characteristic, and a UV cut filter (). Light that has passed through the UV cut filter () enters the first light receiving element (PD). A subtractor is provided that calculates a difference between a photocurrent of the first light receiving element (PD) and a photocurrent of the second light receiving element (PD). 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. A light receiver including a light receiving element that allows a photocurrent to flow in response to reception of light , and a detector that detects intensity of the light on the basis of the photocurrent , comprising:as the light receiving element, a first light receiving element and a second light receiving element that are arranged adjacent to each other, and that have an identical spectral sensitivity characteristic; andan optical filter whose transmittance of light in a certain wavelength range is lower than transmittance of light in ranges other than the certain wavelength range,wherein light that has passed through the optical filter enters the first light receiving element,wherein the detector includes an arithmetic operation unit that calculates a difference between a photocurrent of the first light receiving element and a photocurrent of the second light receiving element,the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element have a sensitivity to light at least in a ultraviolet wavelength range,the optical filter has transmittance of light in the ultraviolet wavelength range that is lower than transmittance of light in ranges other than the ultraviolet wavelength range,the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element are capable of switching between a first state with a sensitivity to light in the ultraviolet range, a ...

PERSONAL RADIATION DOSIMETER AND ALERT SYSTEM

Methods, systems and computer program products for providing alerts to an individual based on their radiation level are provided. Aspects include receiving, by a processor, a radiation level of the individual from a dosimeter. Aspects also include obtaining, by the processor, schedule information for the individual. Aspects further include creating, by the processor, an alert based on the radiation level and the schedule information, wherein the alert includes a reminder of a precautionary measure that the individual should take based on the radiation level. 1. A computer-implemented method for providing alerts to an individual based on their radiation level , the method comprising:receiving, by a processor, a radiation level of the individual from a dosimeter;obtaining, by the processor, schedule information for the individual;creating, by the processor, an alert based on the radiation level and the schedule information, wherein the alert includes a reminder of a precautionary measure that the individual should take based on the radiation level;obtaining contact information for one or more high-risk individuals that the individual is likely to encounter; andproviding a warning message to the one or more high-risk individuals regarding the radiation level of the individual.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the schedule information is obtained from a calendar application accessible by the processor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the schedule information is obtained from a social networking application accessible by the processor.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the schedule information includes a time and a location of an event that the individual will attend and an identity of one or more other individuals that will be at the event.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the precautionary measure is determined based on the identity of the one or more other individuals that will be at the event and based on the radiation level of the individual.6. (canceled)7. The ...

TUNABLE PHOTO-DETECTOR DEVICE

A photo-detector device may include a substrate having a bottom surface. The photo-detector device may further include a photocell secured to the bottom surface of the substrate. The photo-detector device may further include a metallic block having a top portion secured to a bottom surface of the substrate to enclose the photocell, wherein an opening is formed within the metallic block that extends from the top portion of the metallic block to a bottom portion of the metallic block to form an aperture for light to travel through the metallic block to the photocell. The photo-detector device may further include a member insertable into the metallic block to vary an open area of the aperture. 1. A photo-detector device comprising:a substrate having a bottom surface;a photocell secured to the bottom surface of the substrate;a metallic block having a top portion secured to the bottom surface of the substrate to enclose the photocell;an opening formed within the metallic block that extends from the top portion of the metallic block to a bottom portion of the metallic block to form an aperture for light to travel through the metallic block to the photocell; anda member insertable into the metallic block to vary an open area of the aperture.2. The photo-detector device of claim 1 , wherein a receptacle is formed within the metallic block.3. The photo-detector device of claim 2 , wherein the receptacle intersects the opening within the metallic block.4. The photo-detector device of claim 2 , wherein the member is insertable into the metallic block via the receptacle.5. The photo-detector device of claim 2 , wherein the member is rotatable within the receptacle to vary the open area of the aperture.6. The photo-detector device of claim 1 , wherein rotation of the member causes the aperture to substantially align with the opening of the metallic block.7. The photo-detector device of claim 1 , wherein rotation of the member causes the aperture to partially align with the ...

FLAME DETECTING SYSTEM

A sensitivity parameter storing portion stores, as known sensitivity parameters owned by a flame sensor, reference received light quantity, reference pulse width, probability of regular discharge, and probabilities of non-regular discharge in advance. The discharge probability is calculated based on the number of drive pulses applied to the flame sensor and the number of discharges determined to have occurred in the flame sensor having received the drive pulses. The calculated discharge probability and the known sensitivity parameters are used to calculate the received light quantity per unit time received by the flame sensor. 1. A flame detecting system comprising:a flame sensor configured to have a pair of electrodes and detect light generated from a flame;an applied voltage generating device configured to periodically generate a pulsed voltage and apply the pulsed voltage across the pair of electrodes of the flame sensor as drive pulses;a current detecting device configured to detect current flowing through the flame sensor;{'sub': 0', '0', '0', 'N', '0', '0, 'a storage device for storing, as known sensitivity parameters owned by the flame sensor, at least a reference received light quantity Qof the flame sensor, a reference pulse width Tof the drive pulses applied across the pair of electrodes of the flame sensor, a probability Pof a regular discharge generated between the pair of electrodes, and a probability Pof a discharge other than the regular discharge, a received light quantity of the flame sensor being the reference received light quantity Q, a pulse width of the drive pulses applied to the flame sensor being the reference pulse width T;'}a number-of-discharges counting portion configured to count a number n of discharges determined to have occurred across the pair of electrodes of the flame sensor based on the current detected by the current detecting device when the drive pulses generated by the applied voltage generating device are applied across the ...

UV SENSOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME

An ultraviolet-ray (UV) sensor is disclosed. In one embodiment, the UV sensor includes a piezoelectric material, a sensing film arranged on the piezoelectric material and senses ultraviolet rays, an elastic wave input unit arranged on one end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and provides the sensing film with an elastic wave generated based on an electrical signal and an elastic wave output unit arranged on the other end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and senses a change in frequency of the electrical signal generated based on the provided elastic wave. The UV sensor improves sensitivity of the sensor by enabling the particles having large surface areas due to their characteristics to react with a larger amount of ultraviolet rays. the UV sensor can secure price competitiveness since the UV sensor measures a change in frequency of the elastic wave using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. 1. An ultraviolet-ray (UV) sensor comprises:a piezoelectric material;a sensing film arranged on the piezoelectric material and configured to sense ultraviolet rays, wherein the sensing film includes first and second ends opposing each other;an elastic wave input unit arranged on the first end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and configured to provide the sensing film with an elastic wave generated based on an electrical signal; andan elastic wave output unit arranged on the second end of the sensing film on the piezoelectric material and configured to sense a change in frequency of the electrical signal generated based on the provided elastic wave.2. The UV sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensing film is configured to change a speed of the elastic wave passing through a lower end of the sensing film through a change in electrical conductivity when the ultraviolet rays are sensed.3. The UV sensor of claim 1 , wherein the elastic wave input unit is configured to propagate the elastic wave generated through the electrical signal to the ...

MULTISPECTRAL OPTICAL SENSOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A multispectral optical sensor is disclosed. In one embodiment, the multispectral optical sensor includes a piezoelectric material, a first sensing layer and a second sensing layer spaced apart from each other on the piezoelectric material and configured to change the propagation speed of the acoustic wave propagated through the piezoelectric material by receiving ultraviolet light and visible light, respectively. The multiple optical sensor further includes a first acoustic wave output part and a second acoustic wave output part disposed on the piezoelectric material respectively corresponding to the first and second sensing layers and configured to generate an electrical signal based on the changed acoustic wave. The multiple optical sensor measures the intensity of ultraviolet and visible light using a single sensor by detecting the change in frequency, and measures the frequency change in the acoustic wave using zinc oxide, gallium nitride), or cadmium sulfide nanoparticles. 1. A multispectral optical sensor comprising:a piezoelectric material;a first sensing layer and a second sensing layer spaced apart from each other on the piezoelectric material and configured to change a propagation speed of an acoustic wave through the piezoelectric material upon receiving ultraviolet light and visible light, respectively; anda first acoustic wave output part and a second acoustic wave output part disposed on the piezoelectric material and respectively corresponding to the first and second sensing layers, wherein each of the first acoustic wave output part and the second acoustic wave output part is configured to generate an electrical signal based on the changed propagation speed of the acoustic wave.2. The optical sensor of claim 1 , further comprising an acoustic wave input part disposed between the first and second sensing layers and configured to provide the same acoustic wave to each of the first and second sensing layers.3. The optical sensor of claim 2 , wherein ...

HIGH PERFORMANCE, HIGH ELECTRON MOBILITY TRANSISTORS WITH GRAPHENE HOLE EXTRACTION CONTACTS

Radiation detectors based on high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are provided. Methods for detecting ultraviolet radiation using the HEMTs are also provided. The transistors are constructed from an intrinsic high bandgap semiconductor material with a built-in polarization field sandwiched between graphene and a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). 1. A high electron mobility transistor comprising:a heterostructure comprising a first layer comprising an intrinsic semiconductor and a second layer comprising a second semiconductor;a polarization charge-induced two-dimensional electron gas formed at an interface between the first layer and the second layer of the heterostructure;a layer comprising electrically conducting graphene disposed over the first layer of the heterostructure, such that the first layer of the heterostructure is disposed between the layer comprising the graphene and the two-dimensional electron gas;an anode in contact with the graphene; anda cathode in contact with the two-dimensional electron gas.2. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first intrinsic semiconductor is a first intrinsic Group III-V semiconductor and the second semiconductor is a second Group III-V semiconductor.3. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first intrinsic Group III-V semiconductor is AlGaN and the second Group III-V semiconductor is GaN.4. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first layer has a thickness of no greater than 100 nm.5. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the first layer has a thickness of no greater than 50 nm.6. A high electron mobility transistor comprising:a heterostructure comprising a first layer comprising an intrinsic semiconductor, a second layer comprising a second semiconductor, and a semiconductor interlayer between the first layer and the second layer;a polarization charge-induced two-dimensional electron gas formed at an interface between the semiconductor interlayer and the second layer of the heterostructure;a layer comprising ...

OPTICAL SENSOR DEVICE

An optical sensor device comprises a first and a second optical sensor arrangement. In the first optical sensor arrangement at least one optical sensor structure measures the incidence angle of incoming light that is approximately on the main beam axis of a light source. The second optical sensor arrangement comprises at least one optical sensor structure with at least one optical sensor, at least two metal layers and opaque walls optically isolating the optical sensor. An evaluation circuit provides an output signal of the second optical sensor arrangement under the condition that the incidence angle measured by the first optical sensor arrangement lies within a set interval. 1. An optical sensor device , comprising:a first optical sensor arrangement including at least one optical sensor structure, measuring the incidence angle of incoming light (θ) that is approximately on the main beam axis of a light source;a second optical sensor arrangement comprising at least one optical sensor structure having at least one optical sensor with a light-sensitive surface, a metal layer structure forming an aperture above the optical sensor including at least two metal layers, one in or above the plane of the optical sensor and the other one stacked further above, and opaque walls connecting the metal layers and optically isolating the optical sensor; andan evaluation circuit which is connected to outputs of the first and the second optical sensor arrangement and which provides an output signal of the second optical sensor arrangement under the condition that the incidence angle measured by the first optical sensor arrangement lies within a set interval.2. The optical sensor device according to claim 1 , wherein the first optical sensor arrangement comprises the at least one optical sensor structure claim 1 , having at least one optical sensor with a light-sensitive surface claim 1 , a metal layer structure forming an aperture above the optical sensor including at least two ...

SENSING OF SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION BY WEARABLE COLORIMETRY

A wearable UV indicator, methods of making and using same. The indicator includes a polymeric film substrate having a first side and a second side, an adhesive disposed on the first side of the substrate, and a readily understood user interface disposed on the second side of the substrate, wherein the user interface comprises a qualitative indicator of instantaneous intensity of solar ultraviolet irradiation and a qualitative indicator of accumulated exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation. 1. A wearable UV indicator comprising a polymeric film substrate having a first side and a second side , an adhesive disposed on the first side of the substrate , and a readily understood user interface disposed on the second side of the substrate , wherein the user interface comprises a qualitative indicator of instantaneous intensity of solar ultraviolet irradiation and a qualitative indicator of accumulated exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation.2. The wearable UV indicator of claim 1 , wherein the wearable UV indicator is wearable on the skin.3. The wearable UV indicator of or claim 1 , wherein the film substrate comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxane claim 1 , thermoplastic polyurethane claim 1 , thermoplastic elastomer claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , and polyethylene terephthalate.4. The wearable UV indicator of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the qualitative indicator of instantaneous intensity of solar ultraviolet irradiation comprises a photochromic pigment suspension applied from an aqueous polymeric solution.5. The wearable UV indicator of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the qualitative indicator of instantaneous intensity of solar ultraviolet irradiation comprises reversible UV sensitive dyes or pigments claim 1 , so as to facilitate a change from one initial color to a second color.6. The wearable UV indicator of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the qualitative indicator of instantaneous intensity of solar ultraviolet irradiation ...

LONG TERM HARM DETECTION WEARABLE DEVICE

Systems and computer-implemented methods for detecting and informing a user about effects of long term exposures is provided. The method comprises updating information relating to one or more exposures to be detected from a network, wherein the updated information includes health-based threshold limits and is stored on a wearable device: obtaining sensor data from the various sensors associated with a wearable device, wherein the sensor data relates to one or more exposures to be detected; calculating a real-time exposure level based on the obtained sensor data; evaluating whether the calculated real-time exposure level exceeds health-based threshold limits; calculating an updated long-term exposure level, wherein the calculated long-term exposure level includes combining the calculated real-time exposure level with previously stored long-term exposure level calculations; evaluating whether the calculated updated long-term exposure level exceeds health-based threshold limits: and storing the calculated updated long-term exposure level into memory of the wearable device, wherein the stored calculated long-term exposure level is used to calculate a next updated long-term exposure level. 1. A computer-implemented method for long term harm detection through a wearable device , the method comprising:updating information relating to one or more exposures to be detected from a network, wherein the updated information includes health-based threshold limits and is stored on a wearable device;obtaining sensor data from the various sensors associated with a wearable device, wherein the sensor data relates to one or more exposures to be detected;calculating a real-time exposure level based on the obtained sensor data;evaluating whether the calculated real-time exposure level exceeds health-based threshold limits;calculating an updated long-term exposure level, wherein the calculated long-term exposure level includes combining the calculated real-time exposure level with ...

UV DOSIMETRY SYSTEM FOR OPTIMAL UV BALANCE

A UV exposure dosimetry system includes at least one UV sensor that accurately measures the UV irradiance intensity. The UV dosimetry system integrates the measured UV irradiance intensity over time to calculate the real-time UV dosage and the vitamin D production by taking into account factors comprising UV sensor location, body surface area, clothing coverage, and sunscreen usage. Based on the measurement, the system can predict the time remaining to skin burn and the time remaining to reach daily goal of vitamin D production. The system can also provide feedback to the user of the device based on a composite metric assessing the degree of balance between the risk of UV exposure and the benefit of UV exposure. The UV dosimetry system supports multi-user control through an advanced and user friendly input and output interface. 1. A device comprising:a UV sensing unit comprising a circuitry for measuring irradiating UV intensity; anda mobile computing unit calculating exposed UV dose and cutaneous vitamin D generation based on the measured irradiating UV intensity, and providing feedback to a user of the device based on a composite metric assessing a degree of balance between a risk of UV exposure and a benefit of UV exposure.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the risk of UV exposure is expressed as a function of the exposed UV dose calculated by the device and a user-programmable maximum UV dose value.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the benefit of UV exposure is expressed as a function of the cutaneous vitamin D generation calculated by the device and a user-programmable minimum vitamin D value.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the composite metric has a predefined range wherein a higher composite metric value in the range indicates improved balance between risk of UV exposure and benefit of UV exposure whereas a lower composite metric indicates worsened balance between risk of UV exposure and benefit of UV exposure.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

UV DOSIMETRY SYSTEM FOR SAFE UV EXPOSURE

A UV exposure dosimetry system includes at least one UV sensor that accurately measures the UV irradiance intensity. The UV dosimetry system integrates the measured UV irradiance intensity over time to calculate the real-time UV dosage and the vitamin D production by taking into account factors comprising UV sensor location, body surface area, clothing coverage, and sunscreen usage. Based on the measurement, the system can predict the time remaining to skin burn and the time remaining to reach daily goal of vitamin D production. The system also calculates the UV index in real-time, and can crowd source the measured data in a network. The UV dosimetry system supports multi-user control through an advanced and user friendly input and output interface. 1. A device comprising:a UV sensing unit comprising a circuitry for measuring irradiating UV intensity with a predefined sampling interval; anda mobile computing unit calculating UV dose based on the measured irradiating UV intensity, and predicting safe UV exposure time for a user of the device.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the safe UV exposure time is calculated by dividing the difference between a user-programmable maximum UV dose and the device measured UV dose by a projected slope of UV dose accumulation.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the projected slope of UV dose accumulation is obtained by means of linear regression analysis of a vector of most recent UV dose samples calculated by the device.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the vector of most recent UV dose samples has a predefined vector length claim 3 , and the vector length is temporarily reduced after UV dose starts to increase after being constant for a user-programmable time window.5. The device of claim 2 , wherein the projected slope of UV dose accumulation is set to the product of UV intensity value and the sampling interval.6. The device of claim 2 , wherein the device measured UV dose is adjusted by multiplying a predetermined scaling factor ...

UV DOSIMETRY SYSTEM FOR MEASURING VITAMIN D PRODUCTION

A UV exposure dosimetry system includes at least one UV sensor that accurately measures the UV irradiance intensity. The UV dosimetry system integrates the measured UV irradiance intensity over time to calculate the real-time UV dosage and the vitamin D production by taking into account factors comprising UV sensor location, body surface area, clothing coverage, and sunscreen usage. Based on the measurement, the system can predict the time remaining to skin burn and the time remaining to reach daily goal of vitamin D production. The system also calculates the UV index in real-time, and can crowd source the measured data in a network. The UV dosimetry system supports multi-user control through an advanced and user friendly input and output interface. 1. A device comprising:a UV sensing unit comprising a circuitry for measuring irradiating UV intensity; anda mobile computing unit calculating vitamin D production over a period of time for a user of the device based on the measured irradiating UV intensity, wherein the vitamin D production is calculated by integrating user's vitamin D production rate over the period of time.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein user's vitamin D production rate is proportional to the irradiating UV intensity and user's exposed body surface area claim 1 , and inversely proportional to an effective sun protection factor of the user applied sunscreen.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein user's vitamin D production rate is adjusted for age of the subject claim 1 , skin type of the subject claim 1 , and relative location of the UV sensing unit with respect to the user.4. The device of is adapted to estimate time remaining to reach a user-programmable goal of vitamin D.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the time remaining is calculated by dividing the difference between the user-programmable goal of vitamin D and the device calculated vitamin D production by a projected slope of vitamin D accumulation.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the ...

UV DOSIMETRY SYSTEM WITH SENSOR DATA CORRECTION

A UV exposure dosimetry system includes at least one UV sensor that accurately measures the UV irradiance intensity. The system can generate extrapolated UV intensity data based on measured UV intensity data to correct unreliable UV measurement due to inconsistent irradiation of UV light. The UV dosimetry system integrates the extrapolated UV intensity data over time to calculate the real-time UV dosage and the vitamin D production by taking into account factors comprising UV sensor location, body surface area, clothing coverage, and sunscreen usage. Based on the measurement, the system can predict the time remaining to skin burn and the time remaining to reach daily goal of vitamin D production. The UV dosimetry system supports multi-user control through an advanced and user friendly input and output interface. 1. A device comprising:a UV sensing unit comprising a circuitry for measuring irradiating UV intensity; anda mobile computing unit generating extrapolated UV intensity data based on measured UV intensity data to correct unreliable UV measurement due to inconsistent irradiation of UV light.2. The device of is adapted to calculate exposed UV dose for a user of the device based on the extrapolated UV intensity data.3. The device of is adapted to calculate cutaneous vitamin D generation for a user of the device based on the extrapolated UV intensity data.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein generating extrapolated UV intensity data is repeatedly performed in running windows of measured UV intensity data claim 1 , each running window has a predefined duration.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein generating extrapolated UV intensity data in a running window comprising:counting number (G) of measured UV intensity values that are greater than or equal to a predefined UV intensity threshold in the running window;finding a maximum UV intensity value (UVMAX) in the running window;setting extrapolated UV intensity values to MIN(G, C)/C×UVMAX in the running window if G>0, ...

DERMAL REFLECTANCE SENSOR METHOD AND STYSTEM FORCALCULATING UV LIGHT AND VITAMIN D ABSORPTION

A dermal reflectance sensor method and system for providing and calculating UV light absorbed and vitamin D produced by a patient is provided. The method and system allows for real-time accurate calculating of UV light absorbed and vitamin D produced. The method and system utilizes at least five parameters for capturing and calculating data related to the specific vitamin D production of a patient. 1) A dermal reflectance sensor method and system for providing and calculating UV light absorbed and vitamin D produced during light therapy , the system and method comprising:providing a light therapy machine having a UV lamp/diode for providing UV light wherein the light therapy machine has a housing having a top, a bottom and a generally hollow interior wherein a patient is capable of being located within the generally hollow interior and wherein the patient has skin which may receive a light therapy treatment;providing a first sensor within the generally hollow interior of the light therapy machine wherein the first sensor measures UV light output from the UV lamp/diode;providing a second sensor within the generally hollow interior of the light therapy machine wherein the second sensor measures the distance from the UV lamp/diode of the light therapy machine to the patient;providing a third sensor within the generally hollow interior of the light therapy machine wherein the third sensor measures reflected UV light from the skin of the patient;providing a computer wherein the computer in electrical communication with the light therapy machine wherein the computer calculates vitamin D production in the patient by:first determining n output value of UV light in terms of millijoules and time;secondly providing a band pass filter and photometer to measure the specific wavelength of the UV light reflected off of the skin of the patient;thirdly, measuring the distance of the patient to the UV lamp/diode;fourthly, measuring the temperature of a sensing module and applying a ...

ULTRAVIOLET RAY DETECTING DEVICE

An ultraviolet ray detecting device is provided. The ultraviolet ray detecting device comprises: a substrate; a buffer layer disposed on the substrate; a light absorption layer disposed on the buffer layer; a capping layer disposed on the light absorption layer; and a Schottky layer disposed on a partial region of the capping layer, wherein the capping layer has an energy bandgap larger than that of the light absorption layer. 1. A UV light detection device comprising:a substrate;a buffer layer disposed on the substrate;a light absorption layer disposed on the buffer layer;a capping layer disposed on the light absorption layer; anda Schottky layer disposed in a partial region of the capping layer,wherein the capping layer has a higher energy bandgap than the light absorption layer.2. The UV light detection device according to claim 1 , wherein the light absorption layer comprises an AlGaN (0 Подробнее

SOLID LIGHT-RECEIVING DEVICE FOR UV LIGHT

Provided is a solid-state light-receiving device for ultraviolet light, which is capable of measuring an irradiation amount of UV-rays, which are harmful to a human body, accurately and appropriately with a simple structure, and of being formed easily and integrally with sensors of peripheral circuits, and which is small, lightweight, low cost, and suitable for mobile or wearable applications. The solid-state light-receiving device for ultraviolet light includes a first photodiode, a second photodiode, and a differential circuit to which signals based on outputs of those photodiodes are input. The solid-state light-receiving device for ultraviolet light also includes semiconductor layer regions, which are formed in and on the above-mentioned photodiodes, and each of which includes a highest concentration position of semiconductor impurities. 1. A solid-state light-receiving device for ultraviolet light , comprising:a semiconductor substrate having silicon (Si) as a main component, the semiconductor substrate including a first photodiode (1) and a second photodiode (2), which are arranged so as not to three-dimensionally overlap with each other in effect; and{'b': 1', '2, 'a differential circuit to which a signal () based on an output (1) from the first photodiode (1) and a signal () based on an output (2) from the second photodiode (2) are input,'}wherein the first photodiode (1) includes a semiconductor layer region (1-1) of a first conductivity type (1), and a semiconductor layer region (1-2) of a second conductivity type (2), which is formed on the semiconductor layer region (1-1) and forms a semiconductor junction with the semiconductor layer region (1-1), the second conductivity type (2) being opposite to the first conductivity type (1),wherein the semiconductor layer region (1-1) has concentrations of semiconductor impurities distributed in a layer thickness direction, and includes a highest concentration position (1-1) in the distribution,wherein the ...

IRRADIATION DECECTION IN DATA COLLECTION DEVICES

A data collection device includes a housing and a data collection unit located in the housing. A power unit is located in the housing and is operably connected to the data unit to provide power for operation of the data unit. An irradiation sensor is located at the data collection device to detect exposure of the data collection device to irradiation. An irradiation sensor includes a thermal energy absorbing material and a thermal energy sensitive material in thermal communication with the thermal energy absorbing material. The thermal energy sensitive material is characterized by a change in color when exposed to a selected degree of thermal energy due to irradiation. 1. A data collection device comprising:a housing;a data collection unit disposed in the housing;a power unit disposed in the housing and operably connected to the data unit to provide power for operation of the data unit; andan irradiation sensor disposed at the housing to detect exposure of the data collection device to irradiation.2. The data collection device of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation sensor is disposed at an interior of the housing.3. The data collection device of claim 1 , wherein the irradiation sensor comprises:a thermal energy absorbing material; anda thermal energy sensitive material in thermal communication with the thermal energy absorbing material, the thermal energy sensitive material characterized by a change in color when exposed to a selected degree of thermal energy due to irradiation.4. The data collection device of claim 3 , wherein the thermal energy absorbing material is an aluminum or aluminum-containing material.5. The data collection device of claim 3 , wherein the irradiation sensor comprises:a first layer including the thermal energy absorbing material; anda second layer applied over the first layer, the second layer including the thermal energy sensitive material.6. The data collection device of claim 5 , wherein the first layer is applied as one of a sticker or a ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MONITORING ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EXPOSURE IN AN ENVIRONMENT

Systems and methods for monitoring ultraviolet (UV) light exposure in an environment are disclosed herein. The methods include detecting a UV light intensity within an environment at a plurality of spaced apart node locations and calculating a UV light intensity map based upon the UV light intensity at the plurality of spaced apart node locations. The systems include a distributed UV light exposure monitoring system that includes a plurality of UV detection nodes, a receiver, and a data analysis system. Each of the plurality of UV detection nodes includes a UV sensor configured to detect a UV light intensity at a node location and a transmitter configured to generate a UV intensity signal that is indicative of the UV light intensity. The data analysis system is programmed to calculate a UV light intensity map of the environment. 1. A method of monitoring ultraviolet (UV) light intensity within an environment , the method comprising:detecting, with a plurality of UV detection nodes at spaced apart node locations, a UV light intensity within the environment;generating a plurality of respective UV intensity signals with the plurality of UV detection nodes, wherein each of the plurality of respective UV intensity signals is indicative of the respective UV light intensity at a respective one of the plurality of spaced apart node locations;transmitting, with a plurality of respective transmitters, the plurality of respective UV intensity signals from the plurality of UV detection nodes to a data analysis system;receiving, with a receiver, the plurality of respective UV intensity signals;determining, with the data analysis system, the respective UV light intensity at the plurality of spaced apart node locations based, at least in part, on the plurality of respective UV intensity signals; andcalculating, with the data analysis system, a UV light intensity map of the environment, wherein the calculating is based, at least in part, on the respective UV light intensity ...

OPTICAL SENSOR AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH THE SAME

An optical sensor and an electronic device having an optical sensor. The optical sensor includes: an optical waveguide containing a photochromic material; a light emitter that emits visible light to be incident on the optical waveguide; and a light receiver that detects the visible light emitted from the light emitter and progressing through the optical waveguide. A transmittance of the optical waveguide in relation to the visible light may be changed by the photochromic material as the optical waveguide is exposed to UV light. The optical sensor and the electronic device having the same may be variously implemented according to exemplary embodiments. 1. An optical sensor comprising:an optical waveguide containing a photochromic material;a light emitter configured to emit visible light to be incident on the optical waveguide; anda light receiver configured to detect the visible light emitted from the light emitter and progressing through the optical waveguide,wherein a transmittance of the optical waveguide in relation to the visible light is changed by the photochromic material as the optical waveguide is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light.2. The optical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the photochromic material comprises at least one of diarylethenes claim 1 , spiropyrans claim 1 , spirooxazines claim 1 , chromenes claim 1 , fulgides and fulgimides claim 1 , diarylethenes and related compounds claim 1 , spirodihydroindolizines claim 1 , azo compounds claim 1 , polycyclic aromatic compounds claim 1 , anils and related compounds claim 1 , polycyclic quinones (periaryloxyquinones) claim 1 , Perimidinespirocyclohexadienones claim 1 , viologens claim 1 , and triarylmethanes series derivative compounds.3. The optical sensor of claim 1 , wherein the photochromic material comprises at least one of 4-t-butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane claim 1 , aberchrome TM540 claim 1 , N-ethoxycinnamate-3′ claim 1 ,3′-dimethylspiro(2H-5-nitro-1-benzopyran-2 claim 1 ,2′-indoline) claim 1 , ...

INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR DETECTING ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

An integrated electronic device for detecting the composition of ultraviolet radiation includes a cathode region formed by a semiconductor material with a first type of conductivity. A first anode region and a second anode region are laterally staggered with respect to one another and are set in contact with the cathode region. The cathode region and the first anode region form a first sensor. The cathode region and the second anode region form a second sensor. In a spectral range formed by the UVA band and by the UVB band, the first and second sensors have, respectively, a first spectral responsivity and a second spectral responsivity different from one another. 1. A system , comprising: a cathode region formed by a semiconductor material, the cathode region having a surface;', 'a separation region formed on the surface of the cathode region;', 'a first patterned anode region and a second patterned anode region spaced apart on the surface of the cathode region, the separation region positioned between the first and second patterned anode regions and each of the first and second patterned anode regions including a plurality of sub-regions formed spaced apart on the surface of the cathode region, the plurality of sub-regions of the first patterned anode region being electrically coupled to one another and the plurality of sub-regions of the second patterned anode region being electrically coupled to one another;', 'a first sensor including the cathode region and the first anode region, the first sensor configured to generate a first electrical signal responsive to incident ultraviolet radiation having a spectral range corresponding to the UVA band and the UVB band, the first sensor having a first non-zero spectral efficiency for incident ultraviolet radiation in the spectral range;', 'a second sensor including the cathode region and the second anode region, the second sensor configured to generate a second electrical signal responsive to incident ultraviolet ...

ULTRAVIOLET MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

An ultraviolet measurement system includes a measurement device that is configured to be portable by a user, and measures ultraviolet information regarding an ultraviolet ray, and a display device that can perform communication with the measurement device, in which one of the measurement device and the display device includes a position acquisition unit that acquires position information indicating a position of either of the user and the measurement device, and a storage unit that stores the ultraviolet information measured by the measurement device in correlation with measurement position information which is position information of when the ultraviolet information is measured by the measurement device among pieces of position information acquired by the position acquisition unit, and in which the display device displays information based on the ultraviolet information and the measurement position information. 1. An ultraviolet measurement system comprising:a measurement device that is configured to be portable by a user, and measures ultraviolet information regarding an ultraviolet ray; anda display device that can perform communication with the measurement device, a position acquisition unit that acquires position information indicating a position of either of the user and the measurement device, and', 'a storage unit that stores the ultraviolet information measured by the measurement device in correlation with measurement position information which is position information of when the ultraviolet information is measured by the measurement device among pieces of position information acquired by the position acquisition unit, and, 'wherein one of the measurement device and the display device includes'}wherein the display device displays information based on the ultraviolet information and the measurement position information.2. The ultraviolet measurement system according to claim 1 ,wherein the display device displays an image in which display corresponding to ...

DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR PERSONAL UV EXPOSURE MEASUREMENTS

A system is provided for determining personal ultra-violet (UV) radiation measurements, comprising: a measurement device configured to measure UV irradiation; and a terminal device configured to receive or capture an output of the measured UV irradiation from the measurement device and to determine a specific user's personal UV exposure risk level based on at least the measured sun irradiation and information of a skin type of the specific user. The measurement device configured to measure UV radiation exposure includes a surface that includes a plurality of different sections that each have a different sensitivity to UV radiation exposure, and each of the plurality of different sections are configured to display a different color in response to the UV radiation exposure. 1. A device configured to measure ultra-violet (UV) radiation exposure , comprising:a surface that includes a plurality of different sections that each have a different sensitivity to UV radiation exposure,wherein each of the plurality of different sections are configured to display a different color in response to the UV radiation exposure.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of different sections include a different UV responsive chemical deposited thereon.3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the UV responsive chemical is a UV responsive ink.4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of different sections include a different UV responsive electrical element.5. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising an area to display a plurality of different fixed reference colors to each indicate a different corresponding UV exposure level.6. A system for determining personal ultra-violet (UV) radiation measurements claim 1 , comprising:a measurement device configured to measure UV irradiation; anda terminal device configured to receive or capture an output of the measured UV irradiation from the measurement device and to determine a specific user's ...