Optische Speichermedien

INFORMATION RECORDING MEDIA

MULTILEVEL OPTICAL DISK DRIVE SYSTEM WITH FIRM ABERRATION CORRECTION AND OPTIMAL ONE INTERMEDIATE LAYER DISTANCE

OPTICAL DISK

НОСИТЕЛИ ДЛЯ ХРАНЕНИЯ ДАННЫХ, КОТОРЫЕ СОДЕРЖАТ УГЛЕРОДНЫЕ И МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЕ СЛОИ

Описываются оптические носители информации, которые содержат слои из металлического материала и слои из углеродного материала. Размещение слоя из металлического материала и слоя из углеродного материала обеспечивает уменьшение или устранение проблем, связанных с окислением и образованием бермы во время записи данных на носитель.

METHOD FOR WRITING AND READING OPTICAL INFORMATION MEDIUM TO HIGH DENSITY.

SUPPORT Of RECORDING PER LASER

MEANS Of RECORDING Of INFORMATION

OPTICAL DATA CARRIER WITH A THERMOCHROMIC LAYER

The invention relates to an optical data carrier (1, 10) comprising a thermochromic layer (4, 11, 20) including a dielectric transition material (21) and metal nano-particles (22) embedded in said transition material (21) for absorbing at least a part of an irradiation (3) applied to said optical data carrier (1, 10) for reading out data from said optical data carrier (1,10) and/or for recording data on said optical data carrier (1, 10). The invention further relates to an optical master (30) for manufacturing an optical data carrier, said optical master (30) comprising such a thermochromic layer (20, 32). In order to provide an optical data carrier (1, 10) or an optical master (30) with a thermochromic material which allows a choosing of the position of the absorption band and of the temperature at which a thermochromic effect takes place and which is further sufficiently fast and stable, it is proposed that said transition material (21) has a first value of a material characteristic being ...

ACTIVATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ACTIVATING AN OPTICAL ARTICLE

An optical article comprising a plurality of optically detectable marks disposed on a surface of the optical article; a removable electrical device disposed on the surface of the optical article; wherein the electrical device is operatively coupled to the optical article; and wherein the electrical device is configured to interact with an activation signal when brought in direct contact with a communication device that applies the activation signal to the electrical device. A removable electrical device is also provided. A system and a method for activation are also provided.

OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM

An optical recording medium having favorable recording sensitivity and repetition recording characteristic is used for recording at high speed corresponding to the speed of a 3X to 10X (10 to 36 m/s) DVD. The optical recording medium is characterized in that on a transparent substrate at least a first protective layer, a phase-change recording layer whose maximum recording linear velocity is 10.0 m/s or more and where data is rewritable at least at any linear velocity between 10.0 to 36.0 m/s, a second protective layer, and a reflective layer of heat conductivity of 300 W/m·K or more are formed, and in that further a layer whose film thickness is between 0.5 and 8 nm and which is formed of a low heat-conductivity material having a heat conductivity of 7 W/m·K or less is interposed between the second protective layer and the reflective layer.

Convex-microgranular surface structure

The surface and/or interface of a lens or the like is formed with a convex-microgranular surface. For this purpose, a stamper 108 having a concave-micro-granular transfer-molding surface transfer-molded from a convex-microgranular surface comprised of SiO2 or the like and varying continuously in the index of refraction is used to reproduce the convex-microgranular surface.

OPTICAL INFORMATION RECORDING MEDIUM, AND SUBSTRATE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR THE OPTICAL INFORMATION RECORDING MEDIUM

In an optical disk including at least a rewritable phase change material and comprising a recording layer having a reflectivity of more than 15%, an address output value as an address pit signal component occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be 0.18 though 0.27 or a numerical aperture of an address pit signal occupying in a reproduced signal in a non recording state is prescribed to be more than 0.3.

Information recording media

Optical information recording medium

An optical information recording medium comprising a substrate provided with periodically wobbling guide grooves with a track pitch of 1.6±0.1 µm, and a lower protective layer, a phase-change type recording layer, an upper protective layer and a reflective layer formed in this sequence on the substrate, for recording, retrieving and erasing amorphous marks in the guide grooves by modulation of light intensity of at least two levels by means of a focused light having a wavelength of 780±30 nm applied from the side of the substrate opposite to the recording layer side so that a crystalline state with a reflectance of from 15 to 25% is an unrecorded state, and an amorphous state with a reflectance of less than 10% is a recorded state, wherein the recording layer is a thin film of an alloy of Myy(SbxTe1-x)1-y where 0≦y<0.3, 0.5 Подробнее

ЭЛЕМЕНТ ДЛЯ ЗАПИСИ ИНФОРМАЦИИ СО СВЕРХВЫСОКОЙ ПЛОТНОСТЬЮ

... 1. Элемент для записи информации со сверхвысокой плотностью, состоящий из прозрачного предохранительного слоя, нанесенного на металлическую пленку с наноотверстием, расположенную на пленке из активного материала, нанесенной на подложку, отличающийся тем, что прозрачный предохранительный слой выполнен в виде фотонного кристалла.2. Элемент для записи информации со сверхвысокой плотностью по п.1, отличающийся тем, что наноотверстие в металлической пленке с наноотверстием выполнено в форме бабочки с перетяжкой в центре.

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПЕРЕВОДА ОПТИЧЕСКИ ЗАКОДИРОВАННОГО НОСИТЕЛЯ ИНФОРМАЦИИ В НЕСЧИТЫВАЕМЫЙ

... 1. Способ выполнения оптически считываемого носителя информации несчитываемым с помощью процесса воспроизведения, включающий этапы, на которых обеспечивают носитель информации оптически активизируемым механизмом, который ухудшает отражательную способность поверхности, на которой закодирована информация; воздействуют на носитель информации оптическим излучением для считывания информации; и во время этапа воздействия, инициируют действие оптически активизируемого механизма. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором этап инициирования включает этапы, на которых генерируют синглетный кислород в слое, нанесенном на носитель информации; и осуществляют реакцию взаимодействия синглетного кислорода с металл-содержащим слоем для окисления поверхности металл-содержащего слоя, вследствие чего ухудшается отражательная способность поверхности. 3. Способ по п.2, в котором этап генерирования включает этап диффундирования синглетного кислорода через диффузный барьер, который нанесен между упомянутым слоем и металл-содержащим ...

Phasenwechselaufzeichnung mit Schicht zur Verbesserung der Kristallisation

Optisches Aufzeichnungsmedium, Herstellungsprozess für dasselbe und optisches Aufzeichnungsverfahren für dasselbe

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines wärmeempfindlichen Registriermaterials.

Low-birefringence moulding compositions

The invention relates to thermoplastic moulding compositions comprising PVC and graft polymers which, owing to their extremely low birefringence, are suitable for the production of optical data stores (carriers).

Phasenwechselaufzeichnung mit Schicht zur Verbesserung der Kristallisation

Recording media

Optical video disc for recording and readout

An optical recording medium 30 for use in an optical recording and readout system wherein the recording and readout wavelengths differ by more than 100 nanometers. High sensitivity on recording and high contrast between recorded 22 and unrecorded 24 portions of the recording medium on readout are achieved by so choosing the optical constants of the reflective 16, transmissive 18 and absorptive 20 layers and the thicknesses of the transmissive and absorptive layers that the sum of the respective reflectivities of the medium at the recording and read out wavelengths is less than 0.3. ...

SCHEIBENFOERMIGES MATER-AUFZEICHNUNGSMEDIUM FUER OPTISCHE AUFZEICHNUNG

PROCEDURE AND SYSTEM FOR READING OPTICAL INFORMATION WITH HIGH DENSITY

OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIA

The optical recording media disclosed therein comprise an optical recording layer containing a phthalocyanine or a naphthocyanine dye or a mixture thereof and a layer for inhibiting the deformation of said optical recording layer in this order provided on a transparent substrate. Reading to the optical recording media of the present invention can be repeatedly made with a stable signal intensity even when recording laser power is low.

MULTIPLE DATA LAYER OPTICAL DISK DRIVE SYSTEM WITH FIXED ABERRATION CORRECTION AND OPTIMUM INTERLAYER SPACING

A multiple data layer optical disk drive system has fixed aberration correction and uses a disk with maximum interlayer spacing for reduced interlayer crosstalk. In one embodiment the multiple data layer disk has a substrate with a thickness that is reduced by approximately one-half the thickness of the spacer layer that separates the first and last data layers. The disk is designed to operate with a lens that has spherical aberration correction to compensate for the thickness of a conventional single data lay er disk. This allows the disk drive to handle multiple data layer disks as well as to be backward compatible and thus handle conventional single data layer disks. The thickness of the substrate material plus one-half the thickness o f the spacer layer material (which may have a different index of refraction th an the substrate material) is equivalent, for purposes of spherical aberration correction, to the thickness of the substrate material used in the conventional single data layer ...

The information recording medium and its manufacturing method

Multilayered recording and retrieving medium for optical signals - contg. resin substrates and resin coating layers

OPTICAL VIDEODISK FOR the RECORDING AND the READING HAS TWO DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS

CHIPLESS RFID DISK CAPABLE OF EASILY REALIZING A NEW STAMPED DISK WHICH IS DIFFICULT TO COPY ILLEGALLY

PURPOSE: A chipless RFID disk includes a printing layer in which a metal fiber is dispersed. CONSTITUTION: A chipless RFID disk includes a substrate(110), a reflecting layer(120), and a protection layer(130). A recording layer is formed on the substrate. The reflective layer is formed on the recording layer of the substrate. The protective layer is formed on the reflective layer. A printing layer in which a metal fiber is dispersed is formed at least one among the substrate, the reflective layer, and the protective layer. A through-hole(101) is formed on the center area of the substrate. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2012 ...

OPTICAL STORAGE MEDIUM WITH A MASK LAYER PROVIDING A SUPER RESOLUTION NEAR FIELD EFFECT, AND RESPECTIVE MANUFACTURING METHOD

The optical storage medium (1), in particular a read-only optical disc, comprises a substrate layer (2), a read only data layer (3) comprising a pit structure and being arranged on the substrate layer (2), a mask layer (4) comprising nanoparticles for providing a super resolution near field effect, and a dielectric layer (5) arranged between the data layer (3) and the mask layer (4). The dielectric layer (5) has a thickness (9, 10, 12, 13), which changes in dependency of the pit structure and is for example a plastic layer having a completely flat surface for providing a uniform arrangement of the nanoparticles. For the manufacturing of a respective optical storage medium, the dielectric layer (5) is arranged on the data layer (3) advantageously by means of spin coating. COPYRIGHT KIPO & WIPO 2010 ...

Method for initializing optical recording medium

The object of the present invention provides a method for initializing an optical recording medium that reduces the initialization variation due to light interference caused in initializing without degrading the information recording/reproduction signal characteristics of the optical recording layers which a recording medium has. The inventive method for initializing optical recording medium sequentially stacks second optical recording layer 12 and first optical recording layer 16 on a substrate 11 via an intermediate layer 17, and then forms a protection layer 18 on the upper layer of the first optical recording layer 16. The recording film of at least one first optical recording layer 16 includes phase variation type recording material. In recording and playing, recording and playing light LTR is irradiated from the side of the protection layer 18. In performing the initialization process by irradiating initialization light LT1 to the first optical recording media from the side of the ...

Multilayer optical recording medium and optical recording method

DATA STORAGE MEDIA CONTAINING MAGNESIUM METAL LAYER

Optical information media containing a magnesium metal layer and a reactive material layer are disclosed. The magnesium metal can react directly with the reactive material layer, or with a chemical evolved from the reactive material layer after application of energy from a source such as a laser.

OPTICAL DISK

Provided is an optical disk. The optical disk includes an optical recording surface, a displaying surface, a through hole, and an ink receiving layer. The optical recording surface is formed on one side of the opticaldisk. The displaying surface is formed on the other side of the optical disk, which is the rear surface of theoptical recording surface, and is totally flat. The through hole penetrates through the optical recording surfaceand the displaying surface. The ink receiving layer coats the displaying surface so as to improve an adhesive strength between the displaying surface and ink.

An optical storage medium of limiting play times

An optical data storage medium (50) includes a first substrate (52), the first substrate (52) including a plurality of first data structures (52a); a second substrate (60) positioned above the first substrate (52), the second substrate (60) including a plurality of second data structures (60a); a reflective layer (58) positioned on the second substrate (60) to cover the second data structures (60a); and a masking layer (54) interposed between the reflective layer (58) and the first substrate (52) to cover the first data structures (52a), the masking layer (54) having a varying reflectivity to thereby render the second data structures (60a) unreadable.

OPTICAL RECORDING ELEMENT

AMORPHOUS OR QUASI-AMORPHOUS FILM STRUCTURE FOR OPTICAL OR MAGNETO-OPTICAL DATA MEMORY MEDIUM, OPTICAL DATA MEMORY DEVICE AND ITS PRODUCTION

PURPOSE: To obtain an excellent optical data memory device by preventing the generation of the noise occurring in the crystal grain boundaries within a ZrO2 layer for the signal by a laser beam transmitting the layer as the layer is amorphous, etc. CONSTITUTION: A disk 100 has a glass substrate 101, a dielectric layer 102, a magneto-optical allay layer 104, a dielectric substance layer 106 and a metallic layer 108. The alloy layer 104 consists of a TbFe alloy contg., for example, 26% Tb and 74% Fe. The layers 102 and 106 contain 5wt.% Y2O3, 10wt.% Al2O3 and the balance ZrO2. Al2O3 is incorporated into the layers 102 and 106, by which the resistance force to corrosion is improved. Since the layers 102 and 106 are amorphous, the projected laser beam is not scattered by the coarse boundary face or crystal boundary face formed according to the state of crystalline ZrO2 between the ZrO2 and the adjacent layers and the noise by double refraction is prevented. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO ...

ПЕРЕЗАПИСЫВАЕМАЯ ОПТИЧЕСКАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ СРЕДА

Изобретение относится к накоплению информации. Перезаписываемая оптическая информационная среда для записи посредством лазерного луча содержит подложку и набор слоев, который содержит первый и второй слои карбида, записывающий слой из материала с фазовым переходом, который размещен между слоями карбида, первый диэлектрический слой, который размещен между подложкой и первым слоем карбида, светопоглощающий слой, выполненный из материала типа Si, Ge, Mo или W, который размещен между вторым слоем карбида и одним выбранным слоем из металлического зеркального слоя и второго диэлектрического слоя. При этом обеспечивается большее поглощение лазерного излучения в записывающем слое, находящемся в кристаллическом состоянии, по сравнению с поглощением в аморфном состоянии. Кристаллическая часть записывающего слоя нагревается до более высокой температуры, чем у аморфных меток, которые требуется стирать, поэтому аморфные метки могут находиться при температуре кристаллизации большее время, при использовании ...

Носитель оптической записи

Носитель оптической записи

НОСИТЕЛЬ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАПИСИ , содержащий термочувствительный слой, состоящий из стеарата цинка и термопластичного полимера, основу и карбоновый слой, состоящий из частиц сажи или графита , распределенных в пленкообразующем полимере , отличающийся тем, что, с целью повыщения разрешающей способности носителя оптической записи, термочувствительный слой расположен между основной и карбоновым слоем, содержащим в качестве пленкообразующего полимера поливинилбутираль или поливинилацеталь, или поливинилэтилаль при следующем соотнощении компонентов в карбоновом слое, мае. %: Частицы сажи или графита 42-72 Поливинилбутираль или поливинилацеталь , или поливинилэтилаль28;-58 причем термочувствительный слой содержит в качестве термопластичного полимера сополимер винилацетата, винилового спирта и i винилхлорида пои следук5щем соотношении (Л ком,понентов в термочувствительном слое, мае. %: С Стеарат цинка50-70 Сополимер винилацетата, винилового спирта и винилхлорида30-50 ел 05 ...

Носитель записи

OPTISCH ABSPIELBARE INFORMATIONSAUFZEICHNUNG UND AUFZEICHNUNGSTRAEGER HIERFUER

Optischer Aufzeichnungsträger.

Informationsaufzeichnungsmedien

Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von optischen Platten

INFORMATION RECORD

DISK-SHAPED MASTER RECORDING MEDIUM FUER OPTICAL RECORDING

Optical recording medium

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR RENDERING AN OPTICALLY ENCODED MEDIUM UNREADABLE

Methods and apparatus are provided for making an optically readable media (20) unreadable. The method includes steps of (a) providing the media (20) with an optically activated mechanism that degrades the reflectivity of a surface wherein information is encoded; (b) exposing the media (20) to optical radiation for reading out the information; and, during the step of exposing, (c) initiating the operation of the optically activated mechanism. In a further aspect the optically activated mechanism causes a defocusing of a readout beam, thereby degrading reflection of the readout beam from a surface wherein information is encoded. In another embodiment the method deforms a surface of the layer resulting in readout beam aberration or in an inability to correctly stay on track. In another embodiment a portion of the surface is removed to the atmosphere, such as by evaporation or sublimation.

OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM

An optical recording medium comprising a transparent dielectric layer as a protecting and/or enhancing layer is provided, wherein the transparent dielectric layer is made of an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of indium, tin and tantalum, the oxide further containing at least one element selected from the group of nitrogen and bismuth. This transparent dielectric layer has an excellent adhesivity to a resin substrate, a low internal stress, and a high refractive index.

PERFECTIONNEMENT A UN SUPPORT D'INFORMATION

L'invention concerne un support d'information à utiliser dans un dispositif de restitution employant un faisceau de lumière à une fréquence donnée. Selon l'invention, un substrat 13 a une surface 15 réfléchissant la lumière, recouverte d'une couche d'un matériau 17 transparent à la lumière, recouverte elle-même d'une couche 19 d'un matériau absorbant la lumière, où est formée une piste d'information; la piste d'information se compose d'une succession de trous espacés P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 , des variations de l'espace entre des bords de trous successifs représentant l'information enregistrée; l'épaisseur de la couche 19 dans toutes ses régions autres que celles occupées par les trous est en rapport avec l'épaisseur de la couche 17 pour établir une condition d'anti-réflexion pour toutes les régions de la couche 19 autres que celles occupées par les trous; l'épaisseur de la couche 19 dans les régions occupées par les trous est inférieure à celle requise pour etablir une condition d'anti-réflexion ...

OPTICAL DEVICE COMPRISING an ELEMENT Of IDENTIFICATION

La présente invention concerne un disque optique comportant : - une face (2) comportant des informations lisibles grâce à un laser lorsque le disque est entraîné en rotation, cette face étant définie par une structure souple (3), - un support (4) servant à rigidifier la structure souple et comportant au moins une couche fibreuse, - un élément d'identification et/ou d'authentification (6) porté par le support.

INFORMATION DISK AND METHOD FOR RECORDING THEREON AND DELETING INFORMATION OF REVERSIBLY

SUPPORT D'ENREGISTREMENT PAR LASER

L'invention concerne un support d'enregistrement par laser. La structure de ce support d'enregistrement comprend un substrat 41 sur lequel sont appliquées une première couche 42 de matière plastique, une couche 43 de matière absorbant l'énergie optique, et une seconde couche 44 de matière plastique constituant un revêtement protecteur. La matière plastique de la première couche 42 est caractérisée par une grande résistance aux solvants, et la matière plastique de la seconde couche 44 est une matière à base de solvants. Domaine d'application : mémorisation et stockage de documents et autres informations. (CF DESSIN DANS BOPI) ...

OPTICAL MEDIUM Of RECORDING AND DISC CARRIED out USING THIS MEDIUM

SUPER-RESOLUTION RECORDING MEDIUM, PARTICULARLY CONCERNED IN REALIZING A STABLE CARRIER TO NOISE RATIO CHARACTERISTIC BY ENHANCING A SIGNAL CHARACTERISTIC

PURPOSE: A super-resolution recording medium is provided to solve a problem that a CNR(Carrier to Noise Ratio) value rapidly decreases at more than certain power while increasing as reproduction power increases during reproduction of the recording medium, thereby improving margins for the reproduction power. CONSTITUTION: A substrate(510) is equipped. A super-resolution recording layer(530) leads a super-resolution phenomenon which enables marks which are less than resolution size to be reproduced by a super-resolution aperture area where optical characteristic changes or temperature dispersive changes occur among areas of an incident optical spot. A super-resolution aperture control layer(550) regularly maintains the super-resolution aperture area. © KIPO 2007 ...

OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM

An optical recording medium, characterized in that it comprises a substrate and, provided thereon in the following order, at least a phase change recording layer, a first diffusion preventing layer, a second diffusion preventing layer and a protective layer, wherein the first diffusion preventing layer and the second diffusion preventing layer comprise a non-gaseous element and nitrogen and/or oxygen as primary components, and the first and second diffusion preventing layers have the same non-gaseous element, and the second diffusion preventing layer contains nitrogen and/or oxygen in amounts (atomic %) more than those (atomic %) in the first diffusion preventing layer. The optical recording medium can combine recording characteristics superior than those of a conventional optical recording medium and good resistance to light.

Optical recording medium

An optical recording medium affording a maximum Kerr effect enhancement, yet exhibiting a good signal-to-noise ratio, includes, for example, a substrate, an interference layer, a tracking guide layer, and a recording layer which are successively formed one above the other in the stated order. The interference layer is made of a light transmissive material and has a refractive index that is larger than that of the substrate. The interference layer has a first portion etched to a predetermined depth (d) and a second portion having a predetermined thickness (D). The tracking guide layer is formed on the second portion of the interference layer in a predetermined pattern, e.g. spirally or coaxially, for obtaining a tracking signal for use in tracking servo. The thickness of the interference layer defined by D minus d is set substantially equal to (λ/4n)+M(λ/2n) where λ is a wavelength of light for reading the information, n is a refractive index of the interference layer, and M is an integer ...

Phase change recording with crystallization improving layer

OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM

PURPOSE: To obtain a high-sensitivity, long-life recording medium where information is recorded and read with laser light by forming SiOx films and metallic films on one or both sides of a base in repetitively multilayered structure. CONSTITUTION: Films 20, 40, and 60 of SiOx (oxide which does not satisfies the stoichimetry unlike SiO and SiO2) and at least two layers, i.e. metallic single substrates of Co, Pt, Ti, Sb2T3, etc., or alloy films 30 and 50 are laminated alternately on the base 10 such as an acryl disk to obtain an optical disk. A metallic film and then a SiOx film may be formed on the base 10 in order. The SiOx film is perferably formed as the uppermost film to obtain corrosion resistance. Then, the optical recording medium is irradiated with laser light beams 200 or 100 from the side of the base 10 or opposite side to increase the reflection factor of the irradiation part, thus obtaining the optical density variation type recording medium which is chemically stable and has ...

ФЛЭШ-ЭЛЕМЕНТ ПАМЯТИ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИ ПЕРЕПРОГРАММИРУЕМОГО ПОСТОЯННОГО ЗАПОМИНАЮЩЕГО УСТРОЙСТВА

Изобретение относится к вычислительной технике, в частности к электрически перепрограммируемым постоянным запоминающим устройствам (ЭППЗУ), сохраняющим информацию при отключенном питании (флэш-память), и может быть использовано в устройствах памяти вычислительных машин, микропроцессорах, в различных портативных электронных устройствах, а также в различных электронных платежных средствах и документах. Техническим результатом является повышение надежности флэш-элемента памяти ЭППЗУ в режиме хранения информации. Флэш-элемент памяти электрически перепрограммируемого постоянного запоминающего устройства содержит полупроводниковую подложку с выполненными в ней истоком и стоком, на которой между истоком и стоком выполнены туннельный слой, запоминающий слой, блокирующий слой и затвор, при этом между запоминающим слоем и блокирующим слоем выполнен дополнительный блокирующий слой из оксида кремния, обладающего значением диэлектрической проницаемости, значительно меньшим, чем диэлектрическая проницаемость ...

Носитель для записи информации

Изобретение относится к среде для. записи информации, имеющей металлический слой, конкретно, к среде для записи информации , обладающей хорошей коррозийной устойчивостью или стабильностью и небольшой зависимостью силы записи от линейной скорости. Цель изобретения заключается в повышении надежности при создании среды для записи информации за счет увеличения коррозионной устойчивости и снижения изменений мощности записи от линейной скорости носителя, Сущность изобретения: носитель для записи информации содержит подложку и после- довательно сформированные на ней записывающий слой и металлический слой на основе алюминия, представляющий сплав алюминия, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один элемент, выбранный из группы гафния и ниобия в количестве 0,1-10 эт.% о 1 пересчете на все атомы, образующие слой сплава алюминия. Сплав алюминия может содержать 0,1-10 ат.% магния в пересчете на все атомы, образующие слой сплава алюминия , при этом суммарное содержание гафния и магния составляет 1-10 ат.%, з ...

OPTISCHES AUFZEICHNUNGSMEDIUM UND VERFAHREN ZU DESSEN HERSTELLUNG

OPTISCHES AUFZEICHNUNGSMEDIUM UND VERFAHREN ZU DESSEN HERSTELLUNG

Phasenwechselaufzeichnung mit Schicht zur Verbesserung der Kristallisation

Optisches Aufzeichnungsverfahren

AUFZEICHNUNGSTRAEGER UND VERFAHREN ZUM SCHREIBEN EINER INFORMATIONSSPUR SOWIE ZUM LOESCHEN EINER IN DEM TRAEGER GESPEICHERTEN INFORMATION

OPTISCHES INFORMATIONSMEDIUM

THERMAL RECORDING ELEMENTS

OPTICAL INFORMATION MEDIUM

INFORMATION RECORDING MEDIA

DISK-SHAPED MOULD RECORDING MEDIUM FOR OPTICAL RECORDING

OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM

Optical recording medium and method based on fabry-perot principle

OPTICAL DATA RECORDING MEDIUM PROVIDED WITH AT LEAST ONE PHOTOSENSITIVE LAYER AND ONE DEFORMABLE LAYER

The inventive optical data recording medium comprises first and second substrates (2, 8) and at least one first photosensitive layer (5) which is arranged therebetween and preferably made of inorganic material. The first photosensitive layer (5) is provided with a front surface (5a) for receiving, optical radiation (6) by means of the second substrate during writing and reading operations. A first light transitive (6) deformable layer (7) is disposed between the first photosensitive layer (5) and the second substrate (8). The first substrate (2) is provided with a front surface (2b) structured in such a way that it is possible to form a preferably spiral-shaped groove which makes it possible to carry out precise data writing and/or reading by means of an automatic focusing control and follow-up system. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

DETERRING THEFT OF OPTICAL MEDIA

An optical media disk is treated with a light-sensitive material that impedes the ability of an optical media player from reading data stored on the disk. This light-sensitive material is a material changes phase upon exposure to one or more wavelengths of light. During the initial phase, the light-sensitive material will render the disk unreadable. After activation, however, the disk becomes readable by conventional optical media players. In this fashion, theft of yet-to-be-activated optical media is deterred. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

REWRITABLE OPTICAL INFORMATION MEDIUM

A description is given of a rewritable optical information medium having a stack (2) comprising a phase-change recording layer (5) sandwiched between two carbide layers (4, 6), and a light-absorptive layer (7) of a material like Si, Ge, Mo, or W. The light-absorptive layer provides the stack (2) with a slow cooling behaviour. The result is that such a medium can be used for high data rate recording. A user data bit rate (UDBR) of 50 Mbit/s is reported.

DATA STORAGE MEDIA CONTAINING CARBON AND METAL LAYERS

Optical information media containing a metal material layer and a carbon material layer are disclosed. The layering of the metal material layer and the carbon material layer are designed to reduce or eliminate problems associated with oxidation and berm formation during writing of data to the media.

PHOTOSENSITIVE RESIN COMPOSITION AND PHOTOSENSITIVE ELEMENT USING THE SAME

A photosensitive resin composition, characterized in that it comprises a binder polymer, a photopolymerizable compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bonding and a photopolymerization initiator, and provides a cured product having a glass transition temperature of 100 to 180°C. The photosensitive resin composition is used for forming a spacer layer in an optical disk having two sheets of transparent substrates arranged opposite to each other, and a recording layer and a spacer layer both arranged between the opposite faces of said transparent substrates.

Optical recording media with thermal insulation and method of making the media

An optical recording media having a thermally insulating film to minimize heat loss wherein the thickness of the film is not critical for recording. The thermally insulating film is disposed between a metal coated substrate and a dielectric-like film to form the optical recording media. When a spot on the dielectric-like film is exposed to a focused laser the coloration thereof changes to store multiple bits of information at a single spot.

Magneto-optic disk exhibiting a phase shift between plus and minus twelve degrees and a reflectivity between fifteen and twenty-five percent

An optimal structure for a quadrilayer magneto-optic data storage medium is described. The structure has superior characteristics of signal to noise, reflectivity, ellipticity, write sensitivity, and stability.

Optical information recording medium capable of rewriting data at low reflectance and deterioration condition

An optical information recording medium comprising a substrate provided with periodically wobbling guide grooves with a track pitch of 1.6+/-0.1 mu m, and a lower protective layer, a phase-change type recording layer, an upper protective layer and a reflective layer formed in this sequence on the substrate, for recording, retrieving and erasing amorphous marks in the guide grooves by modulation of light intensity of at least two levels by means of a focused light having a wavelength of 780+/-30 nm applied from the side of the substrate opposite to the recording layer side so that a crystalline state with a reflectance of from 15 to 25% is an unrecorded state, and an amorphous state with a reflectance of less than 10% is a recorded state, wherein the grooves have a depth of from 25 to 45 nm and a width of from 0.4 to 0.6 mu m.

Limited play data storage media and method for limiting access to data thereon

The present disclosure relates to a limited play optical storage media and a method for limiting access to data thereon. This storage media comprises: an optically transparent substrate; a reflective layer; a data storage layer disposed between said substrate and said reflective layer; an oxygen penetrable UV coating disposed on a side of said substrate opposite said data storage layer; and a reactive layer disposed between said UV coating and said substrate, said reactive layer having an initial percent reflectivity of about 50% or greater and a subsequent percent reflectivity of about 45% or less.

ULTRAVIOLET CURABLE COMPOSITION FOR OPTICAL DISC INTERMEDIATE LAYER, OPTICAL DISC, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL DISC

An ultraviolet curable composition comprising a polyfunctional meth)acrylate having three or more (meth)acryloyl groups per molecule, a difunctional (meth)acrylate having two (meth)acryloyl groups per molecule, and a monofunctional (meth)acrylate having one (meth)acryloyl group per molecule, wherein the content of the polyfunctional (meth)acrylate in the (meth)acrylates contained in the ultraviolet curable composition is 30 to 70% by mass, the content of the monofunctional (meth)acrylate is 5 to 30% by mass, the total content of a difunctional (meth)acrylate having an alicyclic structure and a monofunctional (meth)acrylate having an alicyclic structure is 10 to 50% by mass, and the content of a methacrylate is 7% by mass or more exhibits good separation when separated from a stamp. A resultant cured film can be separated from a stamp made of a general-purpose resin while maintaining useful characteristics such as heat resistance and the like for an intermediate layer of an optical disc.

LOW VISCOSITY MONOMER FOR PATTERNING OPTICAL TAPE

СИСТЕМА ПРИВОДА МНОГОСЛОЙНОГО ОПТИЧЕСКОГО ДИСКА СФИКСИРОВАННОЙ КОРРЕКЦИЕЙ АБЕРРАЦИИ И ОПТИМАЛЬНЫМ МЕЖСЛОЕВЫМ РАССТОЯНИЕМ

Изобретение относится к оптическим дискам, которые имеют многочисленные информационные слои. Система привода оптического диска содержит источник лазерного излучения, оптический диск, содержащий светопропускающую подложку, первый и второй информационные слои, соответственно, пленку из частично светопропускающего материала и пленку из светоотражающего материала, покрывающие соответственно первый и второй информационные слои, и светопропускающий промежуточный слой, расположенный между первым и вторым информационными слоями, двигатель для вращения оптического диска, линзу для фокусировки лазерного луча в пятно, имеющую фиксированную коррекцию сферической аберрации. Особенность системы состоит в том, что фокусируемое пятно имеет приблизительно минимальную сферическую аберрацию, когда оно располагается в промежуточном слое между первым и вторым информационными слоями. Это позволяет, при приемлемой сферической аберрации, увеличить толщину промежуточного слоя и уменьшить межслоевые помехи, причем ...

НАКОПИТЕЛЬ ДАННЫХ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ УГЛЕРОДНЫЕ И МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИЕ СЛОИ

... 1. Оптический носитель информации, содержащий: ! по меньшей мере, одну несущую подложку; ! по меньшей мере, один информационный слой; и ! по меньшей мере, один углеродный слой с введенным, по меньшей мере, одним газом, причем углеродный слой лицевой поверхностью контактирует с информационным слоем. ! 2. Оптический носитель информации по п.1, в котором информационный слой содержит органический краситель, металл или металлический сплав. ! 3. Оптический носитель информации по п.1, в котором углеродный слой содержит аморфный углерод, графитный аморфный углерод, тетраэдрический аморфный углерод, алмазоподобный аморфный углерод, полимероподобный аморфный углерод, стеклоподобный углерод, алмазоподобный углерод или сажу. ! 4. Оптический носитель информации по п.1, содержащий первый углеродный слой, который лицевой поверхностью контактирует с информационным слоем, и второй углеродный слой, который лицевой поверхностью контактирует с информационным слоем. ! 5. Оптический носитель информации по п.1 ...

Носитель оптической записи

Носитель оптической записи

RECORDING INPUT MEDIUM

Optische Platte sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung.

Optisches Aufzeichnungsmedium, Herstellungsprozess für dasselbe, Sputtertarget zur Herstellung desselben und optisches Aufzeichnungsverfahren für dasselbe

OPTICAL RECORDING ELEMENT

OPTISCHE PLATTE, VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG DER OPTISCHEN PLATTE UND HERSTELLUNGSGERÄT DAFÜR

OPTISCHES AUFZEICHNUNGSMEDIUM MIT EINER WÄRMEEMPFINDLICHEN DRUCKSCHICHT

OPTICAL INFORMATION RECORD AND A METHOD OF REVERSIBLY RECORDING AND ERASING INFORMATION THEREON

Устройство для регистрации субволновых частиц

Устройство для регистрации субволновых частиц, состоящее из последовательно расположенных источника излучения преимущественно плоской волны, устройства субволновой фокусировки излучения, регистрируемой субволновой частицы, расположенной в области фокуса устройства субволновой фокусировки излучения и устройства регистрации рассеянного поля регистрируемой частицы, отличающееся тем, что устройство субволновой фокусировки излучения выполнено в виде фотонного кристалла, имеющего прямоугольную входную и выходную апертуры, при этом вдоль оптической оси фотонного кристалла выполнено субволновое отверстие с длиной не более длины фотонного кристалла и доходящей до его фокусной плоскости, а градиент эффективного показателя преломления фотонного кристалла в поперечном направлении выполнен спадающим к его краям. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 166 253 U1 (51) МПК G01N 21/49 (2006.01) G01N 15/10 (2006.01) B82Y 20/00 (2011.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ТИТУЛЬНЫЙ (21)(22) Заявка: ЛИСТ ОПИСАНИЯ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ 2016122837/28, 08.06.2016 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 08.06.2016 (45) Опубликовано: 20.11.2016 Бюл. № 32 1 6 6 2 5 3 R U (57) Формула полезной модели Устройство для регистрации субволновых частиц, состоящее из последовательно расположенных источника излучения преимущественно плоской волны, устройства субволновой фокусировки излучения, регистрируемой субволновой частицы, расположенной в области фокуса устройства субволновой фокусировки излучения и устройства регистрации рассеянного поля регистрируемой частицы, отличающееся тем, что устройство субволновой фокусировки излучения выполнено в виде фотонного кристалла, имеющего прямоугольную входную и выходную апертуры, при этом вдоль оптической оси фотонного кристалла выполнено субволновое отверстие с длиной не более длины фотонного кристалла и доходящей до его фокусной плоскости, а градиент эффективного показателя преломления фотонного кристалла в поперечном ...

Compositions Comprising QD Sol-Gel Composites and Methods for Producing and Using the Same

The present invention provides OLEDs comprising cross-linked quantum dots and methods for producing and using the same.

Dynamic nano-inscribing for continuous and seamless metal and polymer nanogratings

Nanoscale grating structure can be utilized in many practical applications in optics, flat-panel displays and bio-sensors. A Dynamic Nano-Inscribing (Dynamic Nano-Inscribing) technique is disclosed for directly creating large-area, truly continuous nano-grating patterns in a variety of metal or polymer materials with feature size down to sub-50 nm and at very high speed (10 cm/sec). Dynamic Nano-Inscribing is carried out under either ambient temperature or with a brief heating time on the order of ten microseconds, which minimizes damage on UV or thermo-sensitive functional materials.

Method and system for near-field optical imaging

A system and method for optically imaging a sample. The method and system uses a controlled scatterer of light positioned in the near field of a sample. The extinguished power from an incident field, which illuminates both the sample and the controlled scatterer, is then measured as a function of the controlled scatterer position and is used to mathematically reconstruct an image of the sample.

Information recording medium, optical information recording and reproducing apparatus, optical information recording and reproducing method and manufacturing method of information recording medium

To provide an information recording medium which is capable of reducing damage to a recording layer while improving environmental resistance of the recording layer and which enables information to be recorded or reproduced at a high density and a high sensitivity, an optical information recording and reproducing apparatus, an optical information recording and reproducing method, and a manufacturing method of an information recording medium. An information recording medium ( 24 ) includes: a substrate ( 1 ); first to m th (where m is an integer equal to or greater than 1) recording layers ( 2 ) respectively provided on an incident side of recording light or reproducing light with respect to the substrate ( 1 ) in order of distance closer to the incident side; and first to m th (where m is an integer equal to or greater than 1) negative refractive index layers ( 3 ) respectively provided on the incident side of the recording light or the reproducing light with respect to the m th recording layer ( 2 ) in order of distance closer to the incident side, wherein an i th (1≦i≦m) recording layer ( 2 ) and an i th negative refractive index layer ( 3 ) are alternately provided on the substrate ( 1 ), and the first to m th negative refractive index layers ( 3 ) effectively have a negative refractive index at a wavelength of the recording light or the reproducing light.

Organic Optoelectronic Component and Method for Producing an Organic Optoelectronic Component

In at least one embodiment of the organic optoelectronic component ( 1 ), the latter comprises a carrier ( 2 ) and a first electrode ( 11 ), which is mounted on the carrier ( 2 ). Furthermore, the component ( 1 ) contains at least one organic layer sequence ( 3 ) with at least one organic active layer ( 33 ). Furthermore, the component ( 1 ) comprises a second electrode ( 22 ), such that the organic layer sequence ( 3 ) is located between the first electrode ( 11 ) and the second electrode ( 22 ). At least one dark region ( 4 ) and at least one bright region ( 5 ) are formed in a lateral direction. In both the dark region ( 4 ) and the bright region ( 5 ), both the first electrode ( 11 ) and the second electrode ( 22 ) and also the organic layer sequence ( 3 ) are applied to the carrier ( 2 ) in places or over the entire surface. A first reflectivity of the dark region ( 4 ) differs from a second reflectivity of the bright region ( 5 ) by at most 15 percentage points.

Reflection type display device

A reflection type display device ( 10 ) includes: a plasmon resonance layer ( 32 ) in which metal nanoparticles ( 80 ) are dispersed; a band-pass filter ( 40 ); a light shutter ( 20 ); and a silicon solar cell layer ( 50 a ) being provided close to the plasmon resonance layer ( 32 ). The band-pass filter ( 40 ) and the light shutter ( 20 ) are provided so as to overlap the plasmon resonance layer ( 32 ) in planar view. The reflection type display device ( 10 ) performs display in such a manner that: the metal nanoparticles ( 80 ) allow light having a specific wavelength to pass through; the light is then reflected by the band-pass filter ( 40 ); and the light shutter ( 20 ) adjusts an intensity of the light thus reflected.

Data disc, method and system of forming the disc

A data disc, method and apparatus for forming the disc are disclosed. The data disc includes a first substrate structure bonded to a second substrate structure, with two curable material layers disposed on different sides of at least one of the two substrate structures, and at least one groove formed on a surface of one of the two curable material layers.

Transparent display backlight assembly

In embodiments of a transparent display backlight assembly, a backlight panel is operable as a transparent panel, and a light source generates light that the backlight panel directs from the light source to illuminate a display panel of a display device. Light refraction features refract and scatter the light, where the light refraction features are spaced for approximate transparency of the backlight panel and to illuminate the display panel. An active diffuser can be implemented as an additional transparent panel and operable for activation to diffuse the light from the backlight panel that illuminates the display panel.

Light emitting diode comprising semiconductor nanocrystal complexes

A light emitting diode (LED) formed by depositing an LED chip and coupling a stability layer to the LED chip. Semiconductor nanocrystals are placed in a first matrix material to form a nanocrystal complex layer. The nanocrystal complex layer is deposited on top of the stability layer. A thickness of the stability layer is chosen to maximizes a power of a light output by the nanocrystal complex layer. The matrix material and the stability layer can be of the same type of material. Additional layers of matrix material can be deposited on top of the nanocrystal complex layer. These additional layers can comprise matrix material only or can comprise matrix material and semiconductor nanocrystals to form another nanocrystal complex layer.

Lighting apparatus and display device including the same

A lighting apparatus and a display device including the same are disclosed. The present invention relates to a lighting apparatus, which can enhance resistance against gas or humidity and which can present a stable optical property and which can enhance light-emitting efficiency, and a display device including the lighting apparatus.

UV Curing of Embossed Structures

A system for embossing a pattern on a storage tape component includes a storage tape component having a curable layer, an ultraviolet light source, and an embossing drum. The embossing drum has an exterior drum section and an interior cavity. The exterior drum section is transmissive to ultraviolet light and has an outer surface that contacts the curable layer. The outer surface includes a first pattern that is complementary to a second pattern to be formed on the storage tape component. The exterior drum section is rotatable about a center such that the storage tape component moves in concert with the outer drum section while the curable layer is cured by ultraviolet radiation emanating from the ultraviolet light source.

Liquid crystal display apparatuses

A liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal display panel which displays an image, a light guide plate, a backlight unit including a light source part which generates and supplies light, and a panel temperature adjusting member on a surface of the liquid crystal display panel. The panel temperature adjusting member includes a transparent resistor, and a power supply which supplies power to the transparent resistor. The transparent resistor emits a larger amount of heat to a region of the liquid crystal display panel, which is distant from the light source part, than to a region close to the light source part, such that the liquid crystal display panel has uniform temperature distribution.

Optical element, light source device, and projection display device

Disclosed is an optical element that includes: carrier generation layer ( 16 ) in which carriers are generated by light from light guide body ( 12 ) into which light from a light-emitting element enters; plasmon excitation layer ( 17 ) that has a plasma frequency higher than the frequency of light generated when carrier generation layer ( 16 ) is excited by light from the light-emitting element; and wave vector conversion layer ( 18 ) that converts surface plasmon generated by plasmon excitation layer ( 17 ) light having a predetermined exit angle to output the light. Plasmon excitation layer ( 17 ) is sandwiched between two layers having dielectric properties. The effective dielectric constant of the incident side portion of plasmon excitation layer ( 17 ) including an entire structure stacked above light guide body ( 12 ) side is higher than that of the exit side portion of plasmon excitation layer ( 17 ) including the entire structure stacked above wave vector conversion layer ( 18 ) side and the medium in contact with wave vector conversion layer ( 18 ).

Plasmonic waveguides, circuits, and systems

Waveguide structure for propagating a surface plasmon polariton, including an inter-metal plasmonic waveguide ( 1 ). The waveguide structure has two metal strip like structures ( 2, 3 ) positioned parallel to each other and an isolating material structure ( 4 ) positioned between the two metal strip like structures ( 2, 3 ). The two metal strip like structures ( 2, 3 ) are positioned at a fixed distance (d) from each other. The inter-metal plasmonic waveguide ( 1 ) is provided in a single layer of a CMOS processed substrate ( 5 ). Several waveguide structures ( 1 ) may be combined with a crystal like structure ( 6 ) to build logic gates, such as a switch having a gate, source and drain terminal ( 1 G, 1 S, 1 D). Using three dimensional designs spanning several layers in a CMOS processed substrate ( 5 ) very complex yet compact logic circuits may be designed.

Manufacturing method for optical disc, optical disc, playback method for optical disc, playback apparatus for optical disc, recording apparatus for optical disc

Address information that has been error correction encoded is recorded on a second version of a recording medium after being transformed such that such that the address decoding cannot be performed by a playback device that is not compatible with the second version of the recording medium. The address decoding for the second version of the recording medium cannot be performed by the incompatible playback device (for example, a playback device that was manufactured to be compatible only with a first version of the recording medium). In other words, in the playback device that is not compatible with the second version of the recording medium, a state is created in which address errors cannot be corrected, so access is impossible (recording and playback are impossible).

SCATTERED-PHOTON EXTRACTION-BASED LIGHT FIXTURES

A scattered photon extraction light fixture includes an optic element having a first surface; a light source for emitting short wavelength radiation, the light source disposed opposite, perpendicular, or tangential to the first surface of the optic element; a wavelength-conversion material, disposed on the first surface of the optic element, for receiving and down converting at least some of the short wavelength radiation emitted by the light source and transferring a portion of the received and down converted radiation; and one or more reflectors positioned opposite the wavelength-conversion material. A scattered photon extraction light system includes a plurality of light emitting fixtures. One or more wavelength-conversion materials, in the embodiments of the present invention, are disposed remotely from the light source(s), and used to absorb radiation in one spectral region and emit radiation in another spectral region. Lighting efficiency is improved by capturing the short wavelength and down-converted radiation. 1. A scattered photon extraction light fixture comprising:an optic element having a first surface and at least one substantially transparent sidewall extending from the first surface;a light source for emitting short wavelength radiation, the light source disposed at an end of the at least one substantially transparent sidewall opposite the first surface of the optic element;a wavelength-conversion material, disposed on the first surface of the optic element, for receiving and down converting at least some of the short wavelength radiation emitted by the light source and back transferring a portion of the received and down converted radiation; andone or more reflectors positioned opposite the wavelength-conversion material, such that the light source is positioned between the wavelength-conversion material and the reflectors, for reflecting at least some of the radiation extracted from the optic element through the at least one substantially ...

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL

A photovoltaic cell of high efficiency may be obtained using metallic nanoparticles or nanostructures as the main light absorbing element in the photosensitive layer of the cell, which absorb the light through a surface plasmon or polaron mechanism. The cell comprises at least one photosensitive layer containing nanoparticles or nanostructures each between a n-doped and a p-doped charge transport layer, characterized in that 1. A photovoltaic cell comprising at least one photosensitive layer containing nanoparticles or nanostructures and additionally comprising at least one n-doped charge transport layer and at least one p-doped charge transport layer per each photosensitive layer placed on each side of said photosensitive layer , characterized in that the nanoparticles or nanostructures are the main light absorbing element in the photosensitive layer ,the nanoparticles or nanostructures show metallic conductivity and absorb near infrared, visible and/or ultraviolet light through a surface plasmon or polaron mechanism,the nanoparticles or nanostructures have at least one of their dimensions of size between 0.1 and 500 nm,at least 50% by weight of said nanoparticles or nanostructures from all layers are contained in said photosensitive layer and{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'where the p-doped charge transport layers comprise a material selected from p-type amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon carbide, microcrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon carbide, carbon-containing microcrystalline silicon, a multilayer film of amorphous silicon carbides having different carbon contents and a multilayer film of amorphous silicon and amorphous carbon; and/or the n-doped charge transport layers comprise a material selected from n-type microcrystalline silicon, crystalline silicon, carbon-containing microcrystalline silicon, microcrystalline silicon carbide, amorphous silicon, amorphous silicon carbide and amorphous silicon germanium; or one or both charge transport layers consist ...

Front light devices and methods of fabrication thereof

A illumination device comprises a light guide having a first end for receiving light and configured to support propagation of light along the length of the light guide. A turning microstructure is disposed on a first side of the light guide configured to turn light incident on the first side and to direct the light out a second opposite side of the light guide, wherein the turning microstructure comprises a plurality of indentations. A cover is physically coupled to the light guide and disposed over the turning microstructure. An interlayer is between the cover and the light guide, wherein the interlayer physically couples the cover to the light guide. A plurality of open regions is between the interlayer and the plurality of indentations. Various embodiments include methods of coupling the cover to the light guide while preserving open regions between the cover and plurality of indentations.

METHODS FOR REDUCING DIFFUSE REFLECTION OF NANOSTRUCTURE-BASED TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND TOUCH PANELS MADE OF THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to optical stacks having nanostructure-based transparent conductive films and low diffuse reflection. Also described are display devices that incorporate the optical stacks. 1. An optical stack comprising:at least one nanostructure layer; andat least one substrate adjacent to the nanostructure layer, wherein the nanostructure layer includes a plurality of conductive nanostructures, and wherein a diffuse reflection of an incident light, as viewed from the same side of the optical stack as the incident light, is less than 6% of the incident light.2. The optical stack of wherein the nanostructure layer further comprises an insulating medium embedding the plurality of conductive nanostructures.3. The optical stack of wherein the insulating medium has a refractive index of less than 1.5.4. The optical stack of wherein the insulating medium is air.5. The optical stack of wherein the individual nanostructures do not have an organic coating or have a low-index organic coating.6. The optical stack of wherein the insulating medium is HPMC claim 2 , and the plurality of conductive nanostructures are silver nanowires claim 2 , and wherein a weight ratio of HPMC and the plurality of conductive nanostructures is about 1:1 claim 2 , and the nanostructure layer has a sheet resistance of less than 100 ohms/sq.7. The optical stack of oriented such that the plurality of conductive nanostructures are more proximate to the incident light than the substrate.8. The optical stack of further comprising an overcoat immediately overlying the nanostructure layer claim 7 , wherein the overcoat has a refractive index of less than 1.5.9. The optical stack of wherein the overcoat is the same material as the insulating medium.10. The optical stack of wherein the overcoat is a low-index OCA layer having a refractive index of 1.45 or less.11. The optical stack of further comprising an undercoat interposed between the substrate and the nanostructure layer claim 7 , the ...

Method for manufacturing nano wire grid polarizer

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a nano wire grid polarizer, including: applying a curable resin on a glass substrate, and then forming a nano pattern by pressurizing the curable resin with a nano imprint mold; processing a surface of the nano pattern in which an upper part of the nano pattern is hydrophobicized and an inside of the nano pattern is hydrophilicized; filling the inside of the nano pattern with nano metal particles; and forming a nano wire grid polarizer by removing the nano pattern.

NONLINEAR OPTICAL AND ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICES AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF FOR AMPLIFICATION OF NON-LINEAR PROPERTIES

This invention provides devices and methods for broad-band amplification of non linear properties. This invention provides devices comprising optically non linear material that is in contact with a slit array. The slit array causes enhancement of the electromagnetic field within the non linear materials. The enhancement of the electromagnetic field within the optically non linear material results in an amplified non linear response exhibited by the optically non linear materials. This invention provides detectors and imaging systems based on devices and methods of this invention. 1. An optical device comprising a grating , said grating comprising a slit array , and one or more dielectric layers , wherein at least one of said layers comprise non linear material and said layers are positioned on top of said grating , below said grating or on top and below said grating and wherein said layer(s) has no significant linear absorption at a certain wavelength range of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein said dielectric layers comprise GaAs claim 1 , AlGaAs claim 1 , Si claim 1 , silicon dioxide claim 1 , Quartz claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , GaN claim 1 , GaAlN claim 1 , InGaAs claim 1 , InGaP or a combination thereof.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein said non linear material comprise a polymer embedded with quantum dots claim 1 , wherein said quantum dots is comprising InAs claim 1 , CdSe claim 1 , PbS claim 1 , PbSe claim 1 , CdTe claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Si claim 1 , GaAs claim 1 , InGaAs or a combination thereof.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein said non linear material is further positioned within said slits of said grating.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein said dielectric layers are positioned on top of said grating and said grating is positioned on a substrate.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein said substrate comprises glass.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein said grating comprises an array of blocks separated by slits.8. The device of ...

Laser beam scanned display apparatus and method thereof

Generally, near seamless electronics displays may be employed in cinema and exhibition applications. Laser scanned displays may be enabled such that the display may display three dimensional (“3D”) content. A first method to enable a laser scanned display for 3D content may employ polarization, with or without polarization conversion and another method may employ multiple colors. Additionally, the envelope function that may be employed across the display may be achieved by changing laser power as a beam is scanned on the screen or by changing the dwell time of the laser beam on the pixels. One method of minimizing the effects of seams in the screen may be to reduce the screen resolution near the seams by screen design and/or laser beam dwell time or illumination energy. 1. A scanned laser display apparatus , comprising: a phosphor layer operable to receive at least some light from a light source and further operable to emit light;', 'a polarizer layer operable to receive at least some light from the phosphor layer; and', 'a film patterned retarder layer operable to receive at least some light from the polarizer layer., 'a first panel, comprising2. The scanned laser display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a light source operable to scan with a beam and further operable to provide light to the first panel.3. The scanned laser display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a diffuser layer operable to receive at least some light from the film patterned retarder layer.4. The scanned laser display apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a wavelength selective mirror proximate to the phosphor layer.5. The scanned laser display apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the wavelength selective mirror is operable to substantially reflect RGB light and to substantially transmit light at approximately 405 nanometers.6. The scanned laser display apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising a second wave plate operable to receive at least some light from the phosphor layer and ...

POLARITON MODE OPTICAL SWITCH WITH COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

Devices, methods, and techniques for frequency-dependent optical switching are provided. In one embodiment, a device includes a substrate, a first optical-field confining structure located on the substrate, a second optical-field confining structure located on the substrate, and a composite structure located between the first and second optical-field confining structures. The second optical-field confining structure may be spaced apart from the first optical-field confining structure. The composite structure may include an embedding structure with a surface to receive photons and multiple quantum structures located in the embedding structure. 1. A device comprising:a substrate;a first optical-field confining structure located on the substrate;a second optical-field confining structure located on the substrate, the second optical-field confining structure spaced apart from the first optical-field confining structure; and an embedding structure with a surface to receive photons; and', 'a plurality of quantum structures located in the embedding structure;, 'a composite structure located between the first and second optical-field confining structures, the composite structure comprising sufficiently confine optical fields in the plurality of quantum structures to produce a dressed state in the plurality of quantum structures, and', 'enable the plurality of quantum structures to selectively block or pass photons according to a wavelength of the photons., 'wherein the first and second optical-field confining structures are configured to2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of quantum structures include quantum dots.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of quantum structures include quantum wires.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of quantum structures operate in a mott insulator mode to block the photons and in a superfluid mode to pass the photons.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and the second optical-field ...

Segmented Nanowires Displaying Locally Controllable Properties

Vapor-liquid-solid growth of nanowires is tailored to achieve complex one-dimensional material geometries using phase diagrams determined for nanoscale materials. Segmented one-dimensional nanowires having constant composition display locally variable electronic band structures that are determined by the diameter of the nanowires. The unique electrical and optical properties of the segmented nanowires are exploited to form electronic and optoelectronic devices. Using gold-germanium as a model system, in situ transmission electron microscopy establishes, for nanometer-sized Au—Ge alloy drops at the tips of Ge nanowires (NWs), the parts of the phase diagram that determine their temperature-dependent equilibrium composition. The nanoscale phase diagram is then used to determine the exchange of material between the NW and the drop. The phase diagram for the nanoscale drop deviates significantly from that of the bulk alloy. 1. A nanowire comprising a first section and a second section adjacent to the first section wherein the nanowire diameter changes abruptly from the first section to the second section.2. The nanowire of wherein the change in diameter is abrupt on an atomic scale claim 1 , occurring over a few lattice spacings along the growth direction.3. The nanowire of wherein the diameter of each section is between 1 and 100 nm and the diameter of the second section is larger than that of the first section.4. A nanowire according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional section wherein the nanowire diameter changes between each section.5. A nanowire according to claim 4 , wherein a concentration of a dopant in the nanowire changes abruptly between each section.6. An electronic device comprising a nanowire according to .7. An electronic device comprising a nanowire comprising a first section and a second section adjacent thereto wherein the nanowire diameter changes abruptly from the first section to the second section.8. A nanowire of uniform ...

NANOANTENNA ARRAYS FOR NANOSPECTROSCOPY, METHODS OF USE AND METHODS OF HIGH-THROUGHPUT NANOFABRICATION

The present invention generally relates to nanoantenna arrays and methods of their fabrication. In particular, one aspect relates to nanoantenna arrays comprising nanostructures of predefined shapes in predefined patterns, which results in collective excitement of surface plasmons. In some embodiments the nanoantenna arrays can be used for spectroscopy and nanospectroscopy. Another aspects of the present invention relate to a method of high-throughput fabrication of nanoantenna arrays includes fabricating a reusable nanostencil for nanostensil lithography (NSL) which provides a mask to deposit materials onto virtually any support, such as flexible and thin-film stretchable supports. The nanostencil lithography methods enable high quality, high-throughput fabrication of nanostructures on conducting, non-conducting and magnetic supports. The nanostencil can be prepared by etching nanoapertures of predefined patterns into a waffer or ceramic membrane. In some embodiments, a nanoantenna array comprises plasmonic nanostructures or non-plasmonic nanostructures. 1. A nanoantenna array device comprising;a. a support;b. a plurality of plasmonic nanostructures where the plasmonic nanostructures has a controlled shape;wherein the plurality of plasmonic nanostructures have a predefined shape in a predefined pattern with respect to the support, and wherein the predefined pattern is a function of the collective excitation of plasmons and localized plasmon resonance.2. The nanoantenna array of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of plasmonic nanostructures are(i) a raised on the surface of the support, and/or(ii) embedded at or below the surface of the support.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The nanoantenna array of claim 1 , wherein the predefined pattern is a selected from the group consisting of: a periodic pattern claim 1 , a non-periodic pattern claim 1 , a uniform pattern claim 1 , a lattice claim 1 , a non-random pattern claim 1 , and a super-periodic pattern.610.-. (canceled)11. ...

MANIPULATING AND ROUTING OPTICAL SIGNAL NARROW PATHS ON GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE AS A PLATFORM FOR METAMATERIALS

Graphene may support electromagnetic radiation and be able to support a variety of optical devices. In general, graphene may exhibit changeability in properties such as the conductivity and the like of graphene. Graphene may comprise carbon and be of a thickness of a single atomic layer. In another embodiment, Graphene may be thicker than a single atomic layer, but may be able to exhibit changeability in the properties noted above. Disclosed herein is the guiding and manipulating of optical signals on layers of graphene to create waveguides, ribbon waveguides, beamsplitters, lenses, attenuators, mirrors, scatterers, Fourier optics, Luneburg lenses, metamaterials and other optical devices. 1108-. (canceled)109. A device for guiding an optical signal , said device comprising: a first portion of the layer of graphene having associated therewith, a first conductivity; and', 'a second portion of the layer of graphene having associated therewith, a second conductivity., 'a layer of graphene;'}110. The device of claim 109 , further comprising a third portion of graphene having associated therewith claim 109 , a third conductivity claim 109 , wherein said third portion is bounded on one side by the first portion of graphene and on the other side by the third portion of graphene.111. The device of claim 109 , further comprising a third portion of graphene having associated therewith claim 109 , a third conductivity claim 109 , wherein the first portion and second portion have between them claim 109 , a first interface claim 109 , the first interface configured to guide an optical signal; and an intersection between the first interface and the third portion claim 109 , wherein the third portion is configured to reflect the optical signal.112. The device of claim 109 , further comprising a third portion of graphene having associated therewith claim 109 , a third conductivity claim 109 , wherein the first portion and second portion have between them claim 109 , a first ...

PHOTONIC CRYSTAL-METALLIC STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS

A photonic crystal-metallic (PCM) structure receives an input light signal from a light source. The PCM structure includes a metal structure and a photonic crystal structure disposed adjacent the metal structure. The photonic crystal structure is configured to receive the input light signal such that the input light signal excites surface plasmons of the metallic structure and such that the input light signal is internally reflected within the photonic crystal structure. 1. A photonic crystal-metallic structure that receives an input light signal from a light source comprising:a metal structure;a defect member; anda photonic crystal structure disposed adjacent the metal structure such that the defect member is disposed between the metal structure and the photonic metal structure, the photonic crystal structure configured to receive the input light signal such that the input light signal excites surface plasmons of the metal structure and such that the input light signal is internally reflected within the photonic crystal structure.2. (canceled)3. The photonic crystal-metallic structure of claim 1 , wherein the metal structure is a substantially continuous metal layer that is disposed directly on the defect member.4. The photonic crystal-metallic structure of claim 1 , further comprising a polymeric layer that is disposed on the defect member claim 1 , and wherein the metal structure includes a plurality of metal particles that are embedded within the polymeric layer.5. The photonic crystal-metallic structure of claim 1 , wherein the metal structure extends along a first claim 1 , straight transverse direction claim 1 , and wherein the metal structure includes a plurality of metal nanostructures that are separated at a distance apart from each other along the transverse direction.6. The photonic crystal-metallic structure of claim 1 , wherein the metal structure includes a plurality of first structures and a plurality of second structures claim 1 , the plurality of ...

BACKLIGHT UNIT AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY INCLUDING SAME

A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device including an light emitting diode light source; a light conversion layer disposed apart from the light emitting diode light source, wherein the light conversion layer is configured to convert light emitted from the light emitting diode light source to white light and provide the white light to a liquid crystal panel; and a light guide panel disposed between the light emitting diode light source and the light conversion layer, wherein the light conversion layer includes a semiconductor nanocrystal and a polymer matrix, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal is coated with a first polymer, and wherein the polymer matrix comprises a thermoplastic second polymer. 1. A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device , comprisinga light emitting diode light source;a light conversion layer disposed apart from the light emitting diode light source, wherein the light conversion layer is configured to convert light emitted from the light emitting diode light source to white light and provide the white light to a liquid crystal panel; anda light guide panel disposed between the light emitting diode light source and the light conversion layer,wherein the light conversion layer comprises a semiconductor nanocrystal and a polymer matrix,{'sup': −', '+', '−', 'x+, 'sub': '(1/x)', 'the semiconductor nanocrystal is coated with a first polymer selected from a polymer comprising a carboxylic acid group (—C(═O)OH), a monovalent salt thereof (—C(═O)OM, wherein M is a monovalent cation), a multivalent salt thereof (—C(═O)O(M), wherein M is a cation having a valence of x wherein x is two or more), and a combination thereof, and'}{'sup': −', '+', '−', 'x+, 'sub': '(1/x)', 'the polymer matrix comprises a thermoplastic second polymer selected from a polyolefin; a cyclic olefin polymer; a polymer comprising a carboxylic acid group (—C(═O)OH), a monovalent salt thereof (—C(═O)OM, wherein M is a monovalent cation), a multivalent salt ...

METHOD AND STRUCTURE OF OPTICAL THIN FILM USING CRYSTALLIZED NANO-POROUS MATERIAL

Techniques for an optical filter having robust crystallized nano-porous layers are disclosed herein. According to at least one embodiment, the optical filter includes a light-transmitting substrate and an optical coating. The optical coating is deposited on the light-transmitting substrate. The optical coating includes at least one crystallized nano-feature layer. The at least one crystallized nano-feature layer is deposited using high temperature oblique angle deposition and has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the light-transmitting substrate. 1. An apparatus comprising:a light-transmitting substrate; andan optical coating deposited on the light-transmitting substrate, the optical coating including at least one crystallized nano-feature layer;wherein the at least one crystallized nano-feature layer is deposited using high temperature oblique angle deposition and has a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the light-transmitting substrate.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the optical coating includes a plurality of crystallized nano-feature layers claim 1 , and each layer of the plurality of crystallized nano-feature layers has a refractive index different from refractive indices of immediately adjacent crystallized nano-feature layers.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one crystallized nano-feature layer is optically transparent -.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the refractive index of the at least one crystallized nano-feature layer is higher than the refractive index of air.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one crystallized nano-feature layer includes crystallized nano-porous features.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one crystallized nano-feature layer includes crystallized nano-porous features that have tilt angles claim 1 , and the tilt angles of the crystallized nano-porous features do not deviate more than 10° from each other.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the ...

ILLUMINATION DEVICE HAVING VISCOELASTIC LAYER

An illumination device, such as a backlight for electronic display devices, is disclosed. The illumination device includes a lightguide optically coupled to a light source, and a viscoelastic layer and a nanovoided polymeric layer are used in conjunction with the lightguide to manage light emitted by the light source. The viscoelastic layer may be a pressure sensitive adhesive. 1. An illumination device comprising:a light source; and a lightguide,', 'a viscoelastic layer disposed on the lightguide, and', 'a nanovoided polymeric layer disposed on the viscoelastic layer opposite the lightguide, the nanovoided polymeric layer comprising a plurality of interconnected nanovoids,, 'an optical article comprisingwherein the light source is optically coupled to the lightguide such that light emitted by the light source enters the lightguide and is transported within the lightguide by total internal reflection.2. The illumination device of claim 1 , wherein the interconnected nanovoids have an average size of less than about 0.7 micron.3. The illumination device of claim 1 , wherein the nanovoided polymeric layer has an effective index of refraction of from about 1.15 to about 1.45.4. The illumination device of claim 1 , the nanovoided polymeric layer comprising a binder and a plurality of nanoparticles claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the binder to the plurality of nanoparticles is greater than about 1:2 claim 1 , and a volume fraction of the interconnected nanovoids in the nanovoided polymeric layer is not less than about 20%.5. The illumination device of claim 4 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise reactive groups that are chemically bound to the binder.6. The illumination device of claim 4 , wherein the nanoparticles are not chemically bound to the binder.7. The illumination device of claim 4 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise elongated particles having an average aspect ratio that is not less than about 2.8. The illumination device of claim 4 , wherein the ...

METHOD OF FORMING A NANO-STRUCTURE

A method of forming a nano-structure (′) involves forming a multi-layered structure () including an oxidizable material layer () established on a substrate (), and another oxidizable material layer () established on the oxidizable material layer (). The oxidizable material layer () is an oxidizable material having an expansion coefficient, during oxidation, that is more than 1. Anodizing the other oxidizable material layer () forms a porous anodic structure (′), and anodizing the oxidizable material layer () forms a dense oxidized layer (′) and nano-pillars () which grow through the porous anodic structure (′) into pores () thereof. The porous structure (′) is selectively removed to expose the nano-pillars (). A surface (I) between the dense oxidized layer (′) and a remaining portion of the oxidizable material layer () is anodized to consume a substantially cone-shaped portion () of the nano-pillars () to form cylindrical nano-pillars (′). 1100. A method of forming a nano-structure (′) , comprising:{'b': 10', '14', '12', '16', '14', '14, 'forming a multi-layered structure () including i) an oxidizable material layer () established on a substrate (), and ii) an other oxidizable material layer () established on the oxidizable material layer (), the oxidizable material layer () being formed of an oxidizable material having an expansion coefficient, during oxidation, that is more than 1;'}{'b': 16', '16, 'anodizing the other oxidizable material layer () to form a porous anodic structure (′);'}{'b': 14', '14', '20', '16', '18', '16, 'anodizing the oxidizable material layer () to form a dense oxidized layer (′), and nano-pillars () which grow through the porous anodic structure (′) into pores () of the porous anodic structure (′);'}{'b': 16', '20, 'selectively removing the porous anodic structure (′) to expose the nano-pillars (); and'}{'b': 14', '14', '32', '20', '20, 'anodizing a surface (I) between the dense oxidized layer (′) and a remaining portion of the oxidizable ...

Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Devices Comprising Nanocrystals

The present invention provides light-emitting diode (LED) devices comprises compositions and containers of hermetically sealed luminescent nanocrystals. The present invention also provides displays comprising the LED devices. Suitably, the LED devices are white light LED devices. 2. The LED device of claim 1 , wherein the hermetically sealed container is a plastic or glass tube.3. The LED device of claim 1 , wherein the hermetically sealed container is a glass capillary.4. The LED device of claim 1 , wherein the hermetically sealed container is spaced apart from the LED.5. The LED device of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent nanocrystals emit green light and red light.6. The LED device of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent nanocrystals comprise CdSe or ZnS.7. The LED device of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent nanocrystals are core/shell luminescent nanocrystals comprising CdSe/ZnS claim 1 , InP/ZnS claim 1 , PbSe/PbS claim 1 , CdSe/CdS claim 1 , CdTe/CdS or CdTe/ZnS.8. The LED device of claim 1 , wherein the luminescent nanocrystals are dispersed in a polymeric matrix.9. The LED device of claim 8 , wherein the matrix comprises one or more scattering particles.10. The LED device of claim 9 , wherein the scattering particles are metallic claim 9 , polymeric claim 9 , or semiconductor particles.11. The LED device of claim 10 , wherein the scattering particles are greater than about 500 nm in size.12. A display system claim 10 , comprising:(a) a display; and (i) a blue light emitting LED; and', '(ii) a hermetically sealed container comprising a plurality of luminescent nanocrystals, wherein the container is placed with respect to the LED to facilitate down-conversion of the luminescent nanocrystals., '(b) a plurality of light-emitting diode (LED) devices, the LED devices comprising13. The display system of claim 12 , wherein the hermetically sealed container is a plastic or glass tube.14. The display system of claim 12 , wherein the hermetically sealed container is a ...

Structured Smudge-Resistant Anti-Reflective Coatings and Methods of Making and Using the Same

The present invention is directed to articles comprising smudge-resistant anti-reflective surfaces, and products and devices comprising the articles. 1. An article comprising front and back surfaces , the front surface comprising a plurality of protrusions extending from about 40% or less of the front surface of the article , the protrusions having a lateral dimension of about 40 μm to about 150 μm , a height of about 25 μm to about 300 μm , and a spacing of about 50 μm to about 600 μm , wherein 70% or more of light normally incident to the back surface of the article having a wavelength of 400 nm to 750 nm is transmitted through the article , and wherein 80% or more of the transmitted light is refracted by about 10° or less.2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the front surface comprises a plurality of protrusions extending from about 20% or less of the front surface of the article claim 1 , the protrusions having a lateral dimension greater than 50 μm to about 150 μm claim 1 , a height of about 25 μm to about 300 μm claim 1 , and a spacing of about 50 μm to about 300 μm.3. The article of or claim 1 , wherein the plurality of protrusions have a three-dimensional shape selected from: a cylinder claim 1 , a trigonal post claim 1 , a rectilinear post claim 1 , a pentagonal post claim 1 , a hexagonal post claim 1 , an octagonal post claim 1 , a trigonal pyramid claim 1 , a square pyramid claim 1 , a cone claim 1 , a spike claim 1 , a cross claim 1 , a hollow variant thereof claim 1 , and combinations thereof.43. The article of any of - claims 1 , wherein the plurality of protrusions form a grid.5. The article of claim 4 , wherein the grid is a polygonal grid.6. The article of claim 5 , wherein the polygonal grid comprises at least one polygon selecting from: triangles claim 5 , squares claim 5 , pentagons claim 5 , hexagons claim 5 , heptagons claim 5 , octagons claim 5 , and the like claim 5 , and combinations thereof.7. The article of claim 6 , wherein the polygons ...

OPTICAL FIELD ENHANCEMENT DEVICE

An optical field enhancement device which includes a transparent substrate having a transparent fine uneven structure on a surface and a metal film formed on a surface of the fine uneven structure on the surface of the substrate and allows projection of excitation light and detection of detection light either from a front surface side of the metal film or from a back surface side of the transparent substrate. 1. An optical field enhancement device , comprising a transparent substrate having a transparent fine uneven structure on a surface and a metal film formed on a surface of the fine uneven structure on the surface of the substrate ,wherein the device is configured such that an enhanced optical field is created on a surface of the metal film by an optical field enhancement effect of localized plasmon induced on the surface of the metal film by light projected onto the fine uneven structure on which the metal film is formed.2. The optical field enhancement device of claim 1 , wherein the transparent substrate is formed of a transparent substrate body and a fine uneven structure layer provided on a surface of the transparent substrate body claim 1 , wherein the layer is made of a material different from that of the transparent substrate body and constitutes the fine uneven structure.3. The optical field enhancement device of claim 2 , wherein the fine uneven structure layer is made of boehmite.4. The optical field enhancement device of claim 1 , wherein the metal film has a thickness of 10 to 100 nm.5. The optical field enhancement device of claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a transparent second fine uneven structure acting as an antireflection film on a back surface of the transparent substrate.6. The optical field enhancement device of claim 5 , wherein the second fine uneven structure is formed of a fine uneven structure layer made of boehmite.7. The optical field enhancement device of claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a liquid sample holding member ...

THERMO-TUNNELING DESIGN FOR QUANTUM WELL PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERTER

A design of a quantum well region that allows faster and more efficient carrier collection in quantum well solar cells. It is shown that for a quantum well material system displaying a negligible valence band offset, the conduction band confinement energies and barrier thicknesses can be designed to favor a sequential thermionic promotion and resonant tunneling of electrons to the conduction band continuum resulting in faster carrier collection rates than for a conventional design. An evaluation of the proposed design in the context of devices incorporating GaAs/GaAsN quantum wells shows a collection of all photo-generated carriers within several to tenths of ps (10s) from deep quantum wells rather than several ns, as it is the case for conventional designs. The incorporation of the proposed design in single and multijunction solar cells is evaluated with efficiency enhancements. 1. A multi-quantum well solar cell comprising:two or more subcells incorporated into the intrinsic region of a GaAs p-i-n solar cell;wherein each subcell comprises at least a first quantum well and a second quantum well; andwherein the first quantum well and the second quantum well are resonantly coupled.2. The multi-quantum well solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the energy levels of the quantum wells are optimized to facilitate electronic escape using both thermoionic and quantum tunneling.3. The multi-quantum well solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is in excess of 35% at AM0.4. The multi-quantum well solar cell of claim 1 , wherein collection of photo-generated carriers occurs within 0.1 to 10 ps.5. A multi-quantum well solar cell comprising: [{'sub': 0.982', '0.018', '0.982', '0.018', '0.982', '0.018, 'wherein each subcell comprises a first quantum well consisting of 30 monolayers of GaAsN, a second quantum well consisting of 12 monolayers of GaAsN, and a third quantum well consisting of 3 monolayers of GaAsN;'}, 'wherein the first quantum well is ...

MEMBER FOR BACKLIGHT UNIT USING QUANTUM DOTS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A member for a backlight unit using quantum dots is provided comprising a frame where a blue LED is mounted and a light transmitting layer over the frame, wherein the light transmitting layer includes a quantum dot. 1. A member for a backlight unit using quantum dots comprising:a frame where a blue LED is mounted; anda light transmitting layer over the frame, wherein the light transmitting layer includes a quantum dot.2. The member for a backlight unit of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dot includes one or more of a red quantum dot and a green quantum dot that is smaller than the red quantum dot.3. The member for a backlight unit of claim 1 , wherein a diameter of the quantum dot ranges from 2 nm to 5 nm.4. The member for a backlight unit of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dot has one of a circular shape claim 1 , a triangular shape claim 1 , a rectangular shape claim 1 , and an elliptical shape claim 1 , or quantum dots having two or more shapes among the circular shape claim 1 , the triangular shape claim 1 , the rectangular shape claim 1 , and the elliptical shape are contained.5. The member for a backlight unit of claim 1 , wherein the light transmitting layer includes the quantum dot in a polymer resin.6. The member for a backlight unit of claim 5 , wherein the polymer resin includes one or more of a silicon resin claim 5 , an epoxy resin claim 5 , and an acrylic resin.7. A method of manufacturing a member for a backlight unit using quantum dots claim 5 , the method comprising:mixing a polymer resin with a quantum dot solution so that the quantum dot solution is dispersed in the polymer resin;printing the mixture on a substrate to have a predetermined thickness; andcuring the printed mixture, cutting the printed mixture to a predetermined shape, and removing the substrate.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the quantum dot includes one or more of a red quantum dot and a green quantum dot that is smaller than the red quantum dot.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein a ...

FILM FOR PRODUCING A SHEET FOR A MULTILAYER OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM

A film for producing a sheet for a multilayer optical recording medium, the sheet having a repeating structure containing a plurality of laminated optical recording layers, the sheet has a structure including a unit wherein an optical recording layer and an adhesive layer are laminated or a structure including a unit wherein an optical recording layer, a barrier layer and an adhesive layer are laminated, and a maximum height roughness of the optical recording layer or the barrier layer is 500 nm or smaller, the optical recording layer or the barrier layer is disposed on a process film on a face at a side for forming the optical recording layer or at a side for forming the barrier layer, the face at the side for forming the optical recording layer or at the side for forming the barrier layer having a maximum height roughness of 500 nm or smaller. 1. A film for producing a sheet for a multilayer optical recording medium , said sheet having a repeating structure comprising a plurality of laminated optical recording layers , wherein the sheet has a structure comprising a unit in which an optical recording layer and an adhesive layer are laminated or a structure comprising a unit in which an optical recording layer , a barrier layer and an adhesive layer are laminated in this order , and a maximum height roughness (Rz) of the optical recording layer or the barrier layer is 500 nm or smaller , wherein the optical recording layer or the barrier layer is disposed on a process film on a face at a side for forming the optical recording layer or at a side for forming the barrier layer , the face at the side for forming the optical recording layer or at the side for forming the barrier layer of the process film having a maximum height roughness (Rz) of 500 nm or smaller.2. The film according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the sheet having a structure comprising a unit in which an optical recording layer and an adhesive layer are laminated claim 1 , the optical recording ...

Organic light emitting display devices and methods of manufacturing organic light emitting display devices

An organic light emitting display device may include a substrate, a first electrode, a light emitting structure, a second electrode and a nanostructure. The first electrode may be disposed over the substrate. The light emitting structure may be disposed over the first electrode. The second electrode may be disposed over the light emitting structure. A plurality of nanoparticles may be disposed over the second electrode. The plurality of nanoparticles is capable of causing surface plasmon resonance by light. At least some of the plurality of nanoparticles have materials, sizes and shapes determined to cause surface plasmon resonance by light having a predetermined wavelength and emitted from the light emitting structure.

NANOSCALE EMITTERS WITH POLARIZATION GRADING

A nanowire comprises a polar semiconductor material that is compositionally graded along the nanowire from a first end to a second end to define a polarization doping profile along the nanowire from the first end to the second end. The polar semiconductor material may comprise a group IH-nitride semiconductor, such as an alloy of GaN and AlN, or an alloy of GaN and InN. Such nanowires may be formed by nucleating the first ends on a substrate, growing the nanowires by depositing polar semiconductor material on the nucleated first ends on a selected growth face, and compositionally grading the nanowires during growth to impart the polarization doping. The direction of the compositional grading may be reversed during the growing of the nanowires to reverse the type of the imparted polarization doping. In some embodiments, the reversing forms n/p or p/n junctions in the nanowires. 2. The device as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the nanowire comprises a group III-nitride semiconductor material whose group III composition is compositionally graded along the nanowire claim 1 , and wherein:the n-type region comprises a compositionally graded alloy of gallium nitride and aluminum nitride having an Al/Ga composition that is graded in the first compositional gradient direction, andthe p-type region comprises a compositionally graded alloy of gallium nitride and aluminum nitride having an Al/Ga composition that is graded in the second compositional direction opposite the first compositional direction.3. The device as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the n-type region is compositionally graded from GaN distal from the junction or junction region to AlN proximate to the junction or junction region and the p-type region is compositionally graded from AlN proximate to the junction or junction region to GaN distal from the junction or junction region.4. The device as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the n-type region is compositionally graded from GaN distal from the junction or ...

Amplitude, Phase and Polarization Plate for Photonics

An optical plate includes a substrate and a resonator structure formed on or in the substrate, wherein the resonator structure is configured to produce an abrupt change in phase, amplitude and/or polarization of incident radiation. 1. An optical plate , comprising:a substrate; anda resonator structure comprising an array of multi-resonance resonators formed on or in the substrate, wherein the resonator structure is configured to produce an abrupt change in at least one of phase, amplitude and polarization of incident radiation.2. The optical plate of claim 1 , wherein the resonator structure is configured to change at least one of phase claim 1 , amplitude or polarization of incident radiation by different amounts across an interface of the resonator structure and the substrate.3. The optical plate of claim 1 , wherein the resonators are selected from at least one of electromagnetic cavities claim 1 , apertures claim 1 , quantum dots claim 1 , nanoparticle clusters and plasmonic antennas.4. The optical plate of claim 2 , wherein the resonators are plasmonic antennas.5. The optical plate of claim 4 , wherein the antennas comprise at least two arms joined to form a V-shape.6. The optical plate of claim 5 , wherein different antennas in the array have arms joined at different angles.7. The optical plate of claim 6 , wherein the antennas are arranged in repeating sub-units where adjacent antennas within each sub-unit have rods joined at different angles.8. The optical plate of claim 7 , wherein each sub-unit is in the form of a linear row of n antennas spaced at n/Γ intervals claim 7 , where Γ is the length of each sub-unit claim 7 , and wherein each sub-unit has the same sequence of antenna configurations.9. The optical plate of claim 8 , wherein each sub-unit includes a repeating series of antennas in each sub-unit claim 8 , wherein the orientations of the antennas change across the iterations of the series.10. The optical plate of claim 8 , wherein adjacent sub-units ...

QUANTUM DOTS AND HOSTS

An electronic device comprising a quantum dot and an organic host, a mixture comprising a quantum dot and an organic host, a quantum dot, a method for preparing a quantum dot (QD), and a formulation including the mixture or the quantum dot are provided.

Responsivity Enhancement of Solar Light Compositions and Devices for Thermochromic Windows

The present invention relates to an optical window-filter including a thermochromic material and a light absorbing material. An absorption of light by the light absorbing material generates heat that causes phase transformation of the thermochromic material. The present invention further relates to a filter for an infrared imaging system having detectors sensitive to radiation in an infrared transmission spectrum. The filter includes a thermochromic material and a light-absorbing material. An absorption of high-power radiation in the infrared transmission spectrum by the light-absorbing material generates heat that causes phase transformation of the thermochromic material to attenuate the high-power radiation while transmitting substantially unaffected low-power radiation in the infrared transmission spectrum. 1. An optical window-filter comprising:a thermochromic material; anda light absorbing material;wherein absorption of light by the light absorbing material generates heat that causes a phase transformation of the thermochromic material.2. The optical window-filter of claim 1 ,wherein the thermochromic material includes thermochromic nanoparticles, and the light absorbing material includes light absorbing nanoparticles.3. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising thermal conductivity enhancers that transfer heat from the light absorbing material to the thermochromic material and transfer heat away from the thermochromic material.4. The optical window-filter of claim 2 , further comprising thermal conductivity enhancers that include thermal conductivity enhancing nanoparticles.5. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising:at least one plate of transparent material adjacent the thermochromic material and the light absorbing material.6. The optical window-filter of further comprising:two plates of light transmitting material;wherein the thermochromic material and the light absorbing material are located between the two plates of light ...

LIGHTING DEVICE WITH A WAVEGUIDE PLATE

The invention provides a lighting device comprising (a) a transparent waveguide plate (), with first surface (), opposite second surface (), and edge surface between the first surface and the second surface, (b) a light source () for providing light source light towards a light incoupling surface of the transparent waveguide plate, configured to provide at least part of the light source light in a direction perpendicular to one or more of the first surface and the second surface. The transparent waveguide plate further comprises a luminescent material, () configured to convert at least part of the light source light into luminescent material emission, and light outcoupling means () for coupling luminescent material emission and optionally light source light out of the transparent waveguide plate as lighting device light in a direction away from one or more of the first surface and the second surface. 1. A lighting device comprising:a transparent waveguide plate, comprising a first surface, an opposite second surface, and an edge surface between the first surface and the second surface,a light source for providing light source light towards a light incoupling surface of the transparent waveguide plate, wherein the light source is configured to provide at least part of the light source light in a direction perpendicular to one or more of the first surface and the second surface, and wherein the transparent waveguide plate further comprises:a luminescent material configured to convert at least part of the light source light into luminescent material emission, wherein the luminescent material is arranged in the path of the beam of light of the light source,light outcoupling means for coupling luminescent material emission and optionally light source light out of the transparent waveguide plate as lighting device light in a direction away from one or more of the first surface and the second surface,wherein the transparent waveguide plate comprises one or more discrete ...

NANOTUBE ELECTRO-OPTICAL COMPONENT, OPTRONIC OR OPTICAL LINK-BASED HYBRID INTEGRATED CIRCUIT INTEGRATING THIS COMPONENT, AND METHOD OF FABRICATION

A photonic component is provided including at least one linear optical waveguide, of which an active portion is surrounded over all or part of its periphery by a grouping of one or more essentially semiconducting nanotubes. These nanotubes interact with their exterior environment in an active zone extending on either side of the optical waveguide, to thus induce an optical coupling between an electrical or optical signal applied to the nanotubes and on the other hand an optical signal in the active portion of the waveguide. Such a component can carry out bipolar electro-optical functions as light source, or modulator or detector, inside the optical guide, for example with an electro-optical coupling between on the one hand an electrical signal applied between the electrodes, and on the other hand an optical signal emitted or modified in the active portion of the optical waveguide towards the remainder of the optical guide. 1. A photonic component comprising: at least one linear optical waveguide made of silicon or silicon nitride a so-called active integrated portion of which is surrounded over all or part of its periphery by a group of one or more essentially semiconducting nanotubes which interact electrically , in so-called active zone extending on either side of said active portion of the optical waveguide , with at least two electrodes arranged on either side of said active portion , thus inducing an electro-optical coupling betweenon the one hand an electrical signal applied between said electrodes, andon the other hand an optical signal emitted or modified in said active portion of the optical waveguide towards the remainder of said optical guide.2. The component according to claim 1 , characterized in that the optical waveguide comprises claim 1 , in its active portion claim 1 , an optical light signal amplification structure.3. The component according to claim 1 , characterized in that the electrical signal is applied by at least two electrodes situated ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM

An optical recording medium production device of the invention include: a rotary table on which a substrate of an optical recording medium is placed; and dropping unit for dropping resin for forming a light transmissive film layer during rotation of the rotary table, wherein the dropping unit drops the resin onto an inside of the substrate and a side surface of the substrate. By applying the production device of the invention, in the spin coat method, a UV curable resin layer can be formed a cross-sectional shape of which is uniform in a whole circumference of the optical recording medium side surface. 1. An optical recording medium production device comprising:a rotary table on which a substrate of an optical recording medium is placed; anddropping unit for dropping resin for forming a light transmissive film layer during rotation of the rotary table,wherein the dropping unit drops the resin onto an inside of the substrate and a side surface of the substrate.2. The optical recording medium production device according to claim 1 ,wherein the rotary table rotates at a first rotary speed, and rotates at a second rotary speed higher than the first rotary speed after rotating at the first rotary speed, andthe dropping unit drops the resin during the rotation at the first rotary speed.3. The optical recording medium production device according to claim 1 ,wherein the dropping unit includes an inside nozzle and a side surface nozzle, andthe inside nozzle is arranged on an inner side of the substrate, and the side surface nozzle is arranged at the side surface of the substrate.4. The optical recording medium production device according to claim 1 ,wherein the rotary table has a disk shape whose outer diameter is smaller than that of the substrate, andair blow unit for performing air blow is provided at a position immediately under a substrate portion sticking out from an outer circumferential side surface of the rotary table when the substrate is placed on the rotary table ...

TRANSPARENT LIGHT EMITTING DIODE PACKAGE AND FABRICATION METHOD THEROF

A light emitting diode (LED) package and a method of fabricating an LED package are provided. The LED package can include a transparent substrate and an LED arranged on the transparent substrate. A reflective layer and/or a polarizing layer can also be included. The LED may be disposed on one surface of the transparent substrate with the reflective layer and/or polarizing layer formed on an opposing surface of the transparent substrate. The fabrication method may include forming an LED on one surface of a transparent substrate by mounting a flip-chip on the transparent substrate or vapor-depositing the LED directly on the transparent substrate. A multi-package stacked structure can also be provided wherein a plurality of LED packages are stacked together unidirectionally or bidirectionally, with or without a reflective layer and/or a polarizing layer. 1. A light emitting diode (LED) package comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a transparent substrate including at least one material selected from a group consisting of: indium tin oxide (ITO), a carbon nanotube (CNT), tin oxide (SnO), zinc oxide (ZnO), glass, a conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), grid electrode film (GEF), coating or mesh containing a conductive material, a compound of glass fibers and organic materials, and carbon graphene; and'}an LED disposed on one surface of the transparent substrate.2. The LED package of claim 1 , wherein the transparent substrate is a flexible substrate.3. The LED package of claim 1 , wherein the LED is flip-chip bonded to or vapor-deposited on the transparent substrate.4. The LED package of claim 1 , further comprising a reflective layer disposed on the transparent substrate.5. The LED package of claim 4 , wherein the reflective layer is arranged on an opposing surface of the transparent substrate claim 4 , said opposing surface located opposite the surface on which the LED is disposed.6. The LED package of claim 5 , wherein the reflective layer covers an area ...

Photonic Crystal Magneto-Optical Circulator and Manufacturing Method Thereof

The invention relates to a photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator, which comprises first dielectric material columns in an air background, wherein the first dielectric material columns are arranged in the form of two-dimensional square lattice. The photonic crystal magneto-optical circulator also comprises a “T-shaped” or a “cross-shaped” photonic crystal waveguide, a second dielectric material column, four same magneto-optical material columns and at least three same third dielectric material columns, wherein the “T-shaped” or a “cross-shaped” photonic crystal waveguide comprises a horizontal photonic crystal waveguide and a vertical photonic crystal waveguide which are intercrossed; the second dielectric material column is arranged at a cross-connected position of the horizontal photonic crystal waveguide and the vertical photonic crystal waveguide and has the function of light guiding; the four same magneto-optical material columns are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the second dielectric material column; and at least three same third dielectric material columns.

Photoelectric conversion element and photoelectric conversion element array

A photoelectric conversion element which converts incident light to an electrical signal and detects the signal, the element including: a lower electrode; an insulating layer, provided on the lower electrode; a light-receiving section, which is provided on the insulating layer and receives incident light on the surface; and a groove-like slit, provided such that the insulating layer is exposed from a surface of the light-receiving section, wherein the incident light is converted by the slit to surface plasmons which are wave-guided along the insulating layer, and the surface plasmon is detected as an electrical signal between the light-receiving section and the lower electrode.

ELECTRON GUN EMITTING UNDER HIGH VOLTAGE, IN PARTICULAR FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A field-emission electron gun including an electron emission tip, an extractor anode, and a mechanism creating an electric-potential difference between the emission tip and the extractor anode. The emission tip includes a metal tip and an end cone produced by chemical vapor deposition on a nanofilament, the cone being aligned and welded onto the metal tip. The electron gun can be used for a transmission electron microscope. 114-. (canceled)15. A field emission electron gun comprising:a supported electron emitter tip;an extractor anode; andmeans enabling creation of an electric potential difference between the emitter tip and the extractor anode,wherein the emitter tip comprises a single conductive tip support and a single end cone obtained by chemical vapor deposition on a nanofiber, the cone being aligned with and bonded to the conductive tip support.16. An electron gun according to claim 15 , wherein the end cone is a cone of material chosen from the group of materials comprising carbon and materials described or represented by formula CBN claim 15 , C corresponding to carbon claim 15 , B to boron and N to nitrogen.17. An electron gun according to claim 15 , wherein the nanofiber is a nanofiber of material chosen from the group of materials comprising carbon claim 15 , materials described or represented by formula CBN claim 15 , C corresponding to carbon claim 15 , B to boron and N to nitrogen claim 15 , and materials described or represented by formula SiO claim 15 , Si corresponding to silicon and O to oxygen.18. An electron gun according to claim 15 , wherein the nanofiber is a carbon nanotube with a diameter less than 20 nm claim 15 , or less than 10 nm (10 nm=10m).19. An electron gun according to claim 15 , wherein the conductive tip support is a metal tip claim 15 , or is of tungsten.20. An electron gun according to claim 15 , wherein the emitter tip is supported by a metal filament of tungsten.21. An electron gun according to claim 15 , wherein the end cone ...

REFLECTIVE POLARIZING FILM, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, POLARIZING PLATE AND BACKLIGHT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING THE REFLECTIVE POLARIZING FILM

A reflective polarizing film includes a transparent substrate, and a reflective layer unidirectionally elongated to be formed on one side of the transparent substrate, wherein the reflective layer is composed of nanowire particles, and 80% or more of the nanowire particles are aligned at an angle of −10° to 10° with respect to an elongation direction. 1. A reflective polarizing film comprising:a transparent substrate; anda reflective layer unidirectionally elongated to be formed on one side of the transparent substrate,wherein the reflective layer is composed of nanowire particles, and80% or more of the nanowire particles are aligned at an angle of −10° to 10° with respect to an elongation direction.2. The reflective polarizing film of claim 1 , wherein the transparent substrate is a water-swellable substrate.3. The reflective polarizing film of claim 2 , wherein the transparent substrate is manufactured by using polyvinyl alcohol or a cellulose polymer.4. The reflective polarizing film of claim 1 , wherein the reflective layer is elongated at a ratio of 50% to 1000% to be formed.5. The reflective polarizing film of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the reflective layer is 50 nm to 1000 nm.6. The reflective polarizing film of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the reflective layer is 80 nm to 500 nm.7. The reflective polarizing film of claim 1 , wherein the nanowire particles are metal and inorganic materials.8. A method of manufacturing a reflective polarizing film claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:a) swelling a transparent substrate to have a swelling ratio of 40% or more and less than 60% by using a swelling solution;b) coating a solution comprising nanowire particles onto one side of the swelled transparent substrate;c) unidirectionally elongating the coated transparent substrate;d) predrying the elongated transparent substrate; ande) drying the predried transparent substrate.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the transparent substrate is a water- ...

TUNABLE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL COLOR FILTER AND COLOR IMAGE DISPLAY APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

A tunable photonic crystal color filter and a color image display apparatus including the same. A tunable photonic crystal color filter includes a first electrode, a second electrode on the first electrode, and a medium disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The medium includes charged nanoparticles having a lattice structure in the medium. The first electrode and the second electrode are formed of a material having a difference between an oxidative over-potential and a reductive over-potential. 1. A tunable photonic crystal color filter , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode on the first electrode; anda medium disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the medium including charged nanoparticles having a lattice structure in the medium,wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are formed of a material having a difference between an oxidative over-potential and a reductive over-potential.2. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 1 , wherein the difference between a reductive over-potential of the first electrode and an oxidative over-potential of the second electrode is within a range of about 0.1 V to about 10 V.3. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode includes carbon.4. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 3 , wherein the first electrode is formed of at least one of doped diamond claim 3 , diamond like carbon (DLC) claim 3 , and a mixture of DLC and metal nanoparticles.5. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 4 , wherein the doped diamond is doped with boron.6. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is formed of a conductive metal oxide.7. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 6 , wherein the second electrode is formed of at least one of RuO claim 6 , PtO claim 6 , TiO claim 6 , and SnO.8. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 1 , wherein the first ...

Energy-Efficient Transparent Solar Film

An energy-efficient transparent solar film is presented. The solar film has a first film layer with metal nanostructures. The metal nanostructures have plasmon resonances in wavelength bands greater than, or both less than and greater than visible wavelengths, depending on size and shape. The metal nanostructures have no plasmon resonance at visible wavelengths. In another aspect, metal oxide nanocrystals are formed with the first film layer. The metal oxide nanocrystals have absorption in a band of wavelengths less than visible wavelengths, and absorption in a band of wavelengths greater than visible wavelengths. Also provided is a solar film window and fabricating method. 1. An energy-efficient transparent solar film comprising:a first film layer including metal nanostructures having plasmon resonances in wavelength bands selected from a first group consisting of wavelengths greater than visible wavelengths, and wavelengths both less than and greater than visible wavelengths, the metal nanostructures having no plasmon resonance at visible wavelengths; and,wherein the first film layer transmits incident light more efficiently in the visible wavelengths than in the second group of wavelengths.2. The solar film of wherein the metal nanostructure morphology is selected from a group consisting of rods claim 1 , spheroids claim 1 , and a combination of rods and spheroids claim 1 , having plasmon resonances in the ultra violet A (UVA) wavelength and near infrared (NIR) wavelength bands.3. The solar film of wherein the metal nanostructures have a maximum cross-sectional dimension of 200 nanometers (nm) and a minimum cross-sectional dimension of 5 nm.4. The solar film of wherein the metal nanostructures have a long axis and a short axis claim 2 , with an aspect ratio between axes in a first range of about 4 to 15.5. The solar film of wherein the metal nanostructures comprise a Gaussian distribution of aspect ratios in the first range claim 4 , with a random long axis ...

LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Light emitting devices and methods of manufacturing the light emitting devices. The light emitting devices include a silicon substrate; a metal buffer layer on the silicon substrate, a patterned dispersion Bragg reflection (DBR) layer on the metal buffer layer; and a nitride-based thin film layer on the patterned DBR layer and regions between patterns of the DBR layer. 1. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device , the method comprising:forming a reflection buffer layer structure including a metal buffer layer and a DBR layer on a silicon substrate; andforming a GaN-based light emitting layer structure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the reflection buffer layer structure includes:forming the metal buffer layer on the silicon substrate,forming the DBR layer on the metal buffer layer, andpatterning the DBR layer to form a plurality of holes in the DBR layer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the forming of the DBR layer includes alternately stacking layers including a SiOlayer and a material layer claim 2 , the material layer including at least one of SiC claim 2 , AlN claim 2 , GaN claim 2 , BN claim 2 , BP claim 2 , AlInGaN claim 2 , and AlBGaN.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the forming of the DBR layer includes alternately stacking layers including a SiC layer and a SiOlayer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the metal buffer layer includes forming the metal buffer layer to have a single-layered structure including an XY material claim 1 ,X is at least one of Ti, Cr, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta, and{'sub': '2', 'Y is at least one of N, B, and B.'}6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the forming of the metal buffer layer includes patterning the metal buffer layer at a same time as the patterning of the DBR layer.7. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:forming an XY material layer on the DBR layer,wherein X is at least one of Ti, Cr, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta, and{'sub': '2', 'Y is at least one of N, B, and B.'}8. The method of claim ...

METHOD FOR MAKING LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

A method for making a light emitting diode includes the following steps. A substrate having a first epitaxial growth surface is provided. A carbon nanotube layer is placed on the first epitaxial growth surface of the substrate. A surface of the first semiconductor layer is exposed by removing the substrate and the carbon nanotube layer. The surface of the first semiconductor layer is defined as a second epitaxial growth surface. An active layer and a second semiconductor layer are grown on the second epitaxial growth surface in that order. A surface of the active layer contacted the first semiconductor layer engages with the second epitaxial growth surface. A part of the first semiconductor layer is exposed by etching a part of the active layer and the second semiconductor layer. A first electrode is applied on the first semiconductor layer and a second electrode is applied on the second semiconductor layer. 1. A method for making a light emitting diode , the method comprising:providing a substrate having a first epitaxial growth surface;placing a carbon nanotube layer on the first epitaxial growth surface of the substrate;epitaxially growing a first semiconductor layer on the first epitaxial growth surface;exposing a surface of the first semiconductor layer by removing the substrate and the carbon nanotube layer, wherein the surface of the first semiconductor layer is defined as a second epitaxial growth surface;growing an active layer and a second semiconductor layer on the second epitaxial growth surface in that order, wherein a surface of the active layer contacting the first semiconductor layer engages with the second epitaxial growth surface;exposing a part of the first semiconductor layer by etching a part of the active layer and the second semiconductor layer; andapplying a first electrode on the first semiconductor layer and applying a second electrode on the second semiconductor layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotube layer is free- ...

Display Device and Electronic Device

One object of the invention is to provide a display device that can display an image which causes a viewer less strain associated with viewing and gives a viewer a sense of great depth and an electronic device for enjoying the image. The present inventors have focused on a sense of depth obtained by monocular viewing and have conceived a display device in which pixels each include a light-emitting module capable of emitting light having a spectral line half-width of less than or equal to 60 nm in a response time of less than or equal to 100 μs and are provided at a resolution of higher than or equal to 80 ppi; the NTSC ratio is higher than or equal to 80%; and the contrast ratio is higher than or equal to 500. 1. A display device comprising:pixels each including a light-emitting module capable of emitting light having a spectral line half-width of less than or equal to 60 nm in a response time of less than or equal to 100 μs, the pixels being provided at a resolution of higher than or equal to 80 ppi,wherein the display device has a NTSC ratio of higher than or equal to 80% and a contrast ratio of higher than or equal to 500.2. The display device according to claim 1 , comprising:a first light-emitting module including a first color filter for transmitting light exhibiting blue color, a reflective film, and a semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film;a second light-emitting module including a second color filter for transmitting light exhibiting green color, the reflective film, and the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film; anda third light-emitting module including a third color filter for transmitting light exhibiting red color, the reflective film, and the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film,wherein a first optical path length between the reflective film and the semi-transmissive and semi-reflective film is adjusted to i/2 (i is a natural number) a length greater than or equal to 400 nm and less than 500 nm in the first light-emitting module,wherein ...

LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE

A light-emitting device includes a transparent light guide plate and a light source that irradiates light onto the light guide plate, in which a plurality of dot-shaped light-emitting concave portions having light output surfaces that output incident light derived from the light source from light-emitting surfaces are formed on the light guide plate, and a diffraction grating, which is an assembly of grooves paralleled at a constant pitch, is formed on each of the light output surfaces of the dot-shaped light-emitting concave portions. 1. A light-emitting device comprising a transparent light guide plate and a light source that irradiates light onto the light guide plate , wherein:a plurality of dot-shaped light-emitting concave portions comprising light output surfaces that output incident light derived from the light source from light-emitting surfaces are formed on the light guide plate; anda diffraction grating, which is an assembly of grooves paralleled at a constant pitch, is formed on each of the light output surfaces of the dot-shaped light-emitting concave portions.2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the light output surface is a reflective surface that reflects light derived from the light source claim 1 , and outputs the light from the light-emitting surface.3. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the light output surface is a transmission surface that transmits light derived from the light source claim 1 , and outputs the light from the light-emitting surface.4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the dot-shaped light-emitting concave portions are formed on a rear surface that is opposite the light-emitting surface of the light guide plate.5. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the light source is provided on an end surface of the light guide plate claim 1 , and irradiates light from the end surface.6. The light-emitting device according to claim 2 , wherein the light ...

INVERTED ORGANIC SOLAR CELL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

An inverted organic solar cell including a fiber type substrate, a cathode layer formed on the fiber type substrate, an electron transport layer comprising nanorods formed on the cathode layer, a photoactive layer formed on the electron transport layer, a hole transport layer formed on the photoactive layer, and an anode layer formed on the hole transport layer. 1. An inverted organic solar cell , comprising ,a fiber type substrate;a cathode layer formed on the fiber type substrate;an electron transport layer comprising nanorods formed on the cathode layer;a photoactive layer formed on the electron transport layer;a hole transport layer formed on the photoactive layer; andan anode layer formed on the hole transport layer.2. The inverted organic solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the fiber type substrate comprises glass fiber claim 1 , polymer fiber or fiber reinforced plastic (FRP).3. The inverted organic solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the cathode layer comprises ITO claim 1 , AZO claim 1 , IZO claim 1 , GZO claim 1 , ITO—Ag—ITO claim 1 , ITO—Cu—ITO claim 1 , AZO—Ag—AZO claim 1 , GZO—Ag—GZO claim 1 , IZO—Ag—IZO or IZTO—Ag—IZTO.4. The inverted organic solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the electron transport layer comprises at least one compound selected from the compounds ZnO claim 1 , SnO claim 1 , SnO claim 1 , InO claim 1 , CsCO claim 1 , or a mixture of two or more of the compounds.5. The inverted organic solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the nanorods of the electron transport layer are arranged upwardly from the cathode layer.6. The inverted organic solar cell of claim 1 , wherein each of the nanorods of the electron transport layer has a diameter in a range from approximately 10 nm to approximately 300 nm.7. The inverted organic solar cell of claim 1 , wherein each of the nanorods of the electron transport layer is approximately 30 nm to approximately 2 μm long.8. The inverted organic solar cell of claim 1 , wherein a gap between the nanorods of the electron ...

Light emitting device, display unit, and illumination unit

A light emitting device includes: a light source; an optical component including a light incident surface, the light incident surface facing the light source; and a wavelength conversion member provided between the light source and the light incident surface, the wavelength conversion member crossing a first region and extending to a second region outside the first region, the first region being surrounded by the light incident surface and light paths of light that is emitted from the light source and enters edges of the light incident surface.

RAMAN SCATTERING LIGHT ENHANCING DEVICE

An object is to provide a Raman scattering light enhancing device that provides a sufficiently high Raman scattering light enhancing effect and produces a highly sensitive Raman signal even by using an excitation light source having a low energy density. 18-. (canceled)9. A Raman scattering light enhancing device comprising a substrate , a high reflection layer that is formed on said substrate , a dielectric layer that is formed on said high reflection layer , and an enhanced electromagnetic field formation layer that is formed on said dielectric layer and includes a large number of fine silver particles , whereina gold film is formed on surfaces of the fine silver particles constituting said enhanced electromagnetic field formation layer, and a Raman signal having a high S/N ratio is obtained by a fluorescence quenching function of said gold film.10. The Raman scattering light enhancing device according to claim 9 , wherein said dielectric layer has a thickness greater than or equal to an optical distance of nd=50 nm.11. The Raman scattering light enhancing device according to claim 9 , wherein said gold film is formed in a state that it covers an entire surface of said enhanced electromagnetic field formation layer.12. The Raman scattering light enhancing device according to claim 9 , wherein said high reflection layer is made of a metal selected from silver claim 9 , gold claim 9 , aluminum claim 9 , and copper.13. The Raman scattering light enhancing device according to claim 9 , wherein a surface of said high reflection layer on a side of said dielectric layer is a roughened surface.14. The Raman scattering light enhancing device according to claim 13 , wherein the roughened surface has a surface roughness of Ra=10 to 30 nm.15. The Raman scattering light enhancing device according to claim 9 , wherein said enhanced electromagnetic field formation layer includes a random arrangement of said fine silver particles.16. The Raman scattering light enhancing device ...

NANO-LAYERED LIGHT GUIDE PLATE

The present invention provides a nano-layered light guide plate comprising a light input surface for receiving light from at least one light source, a bottom surface comprising a plurality of discrete surface features for extracting the received light and a light output surface for emitting the extracted light, the light guide plate further comprising a plurality of two or more different alternating layers wherein the layers have a thickness less than a quarter wavelength of visible light. 1. A nano-layered light guide plate comprising a light input surface for receiving light from at least one light source , a bottom surface comprising a plurality of discrete surface features for extracting the received light and a light output surface for emitting the extracted light , the light guide plate further comprising a plurality of two or more different alternating layers wherein the layers have a thickness less than a quarter wavelength of visible light.2. The nano-layered light guide plate of wherein the alternating layer structure is of the recurring A/B/A/B/ . . . type claim 1 , and with the A and B layers comprising two different optical polymers.3. The nano-layered light guide plate of wherein the multilayered structure is of the recurring A/B/C/A/B/C/ . . . type claim 1 , and with the A claim 1 , B and C layers comprising three different optical polymers.4. The nano-layered light guide plate of wherein the discrete surface features are disposed on the bottom surface.5. The nano-layered light guide plate of wherein the discrete surface features are disposed on both the bottom surface and the light output surface.6. The nano-layered light guide plate of wherein the discrete surface features are disposed on the light output surface.7. The nano-layered light guide plate of wherein continuous light redirecting features are disposed on the surface opposite of the surface whereon the discrete surface features are disposed.8. The nano-layered light guide plate of wherein ...

OPTICAL FIBER HAVING A CLADDING LAYER DOPED WITH METAL NANO-PARTICLES, CORELESS OPTICAL FIBER, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

The present invention relates to an optical fiber for an SPR sensor, characterized in that the optical fiber is comprised of a core layer and a cladding layer surrounding the core layer, and the cladding layer is doped with metal nanoparticles. 1. An optical fiber for a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor comprising:a core layer; anda cladding layer enclosing the core layer,wherein the cladding layer is doped with metal nano-particles.2. The optical fiber for an SPR sensor of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the metal nano-particles are exposed to the outside.3. The optical fiber for an SPR sensor of claim 1 , wherein the cladding layer is coated with a polymer having a refractive index lower than that of the cladding layer.4. The optical fiber for an SPR sensor of claim 1 , wherein the metal is any one selected from a group consisting of gold (Au) claim 1 , silver (Ag) claim 1 , and copper (Cu).5. A method for manufacturing an optical fiber for an SPR sensor claim 1 , the method comprising:depositing a cladding layer in a quartz glass pipe and partially sintering the deposited cladding layer;doping the partially sintered cladding layer with metal nano-particles;drying and sintering the cladding layer doped with the metal nano-particles;forming a core layer on the cladding layer in the quartz glass pipe to form an optical fiber preform; anddrawing the manufactured optical fiber preform to obtain an optical fiber.6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising claim 5 , after the forming of the core layer claim 5 , etching an outer portion of the cladding layer that is not doped with the metal nano-particles so that at least some of the metal nano-particles are exposed to the outside.7. The method of claim 5 , further comprising coating the drawn optical fiber with a polymer having a refractive index lower than that of the cladding layer.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the metal is at least one selected from a group consisting of gold (Au) claim 5 , silver (Ag) ...

LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, CELL FOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE

Provided are a long-life light emitting device less likely to degrade luminescence properties over time, a method for manufacturing the same, and a cell for a light emitting device used for the same. A light emitting device includes a cell and a luminescent material encapsulated in the cell The cell includes a pair of glass sheets and and a glass-made fused part The pair of glass sheets and are disposed to face each other with a space therebetween. The fused part is disposed between respective peripheral portions of the pair of glass sheets and The fused part is fused to each of the pair of glass sheets and 1. A light emitting device comprising a cell and a luminescent material encapsulated in the cell ,wherein the cell comprises: a pair of glass sheets disposed to face each other with a space therebetween; and a glass-made fused part disposed between respective peripheral portions of the pair of glass sheets and fused to each of the pair of glass sheets.2. The light emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the luminescent material is formed of an inorganic phosphor.3. The light emitting device according to claim 2 , wherein the inorganic phosphor is made of quantum dots.4. The light emitting device according to claim 1 , further comprising a glass ribbon disposed between the pair of glass sheets claim 1 ,wherein the fused part is formed of at least a portion of the glass ribbon.5. The light emitting device according to claim 4 , wherein the glass ribbon includes a portion unfused to the glass sheets.6. The light emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the fused part is formed by melting a bonding agent containing glass powder by heating.7. The light emitting device according to claim 1 , wherein the fused part includes a first portion formed of at least a portion of the glass ribbon disposed between the pair of glass sheets and a second portion formed by melting a bonding agent containing glass powder by heating.8. The light emitting device according ...

Dynamic Terahertz Switching Device Comprising Sub-wavelength Corrugated Waveguides and Cavity that Utilizes Resonance and Absorption for Attaining On and Off states

A terahertz (THz) switch consisting of perfect conductor metamaterials is discussed in this invention. Specifically, we have built a THz logic block by combining two double-sided corrugated waveguides capable of slowing down the electromagnetic waves in the THz regime with a sub-wavelength cavity, having one or more grooves with shorter height than the grooves of the periodic corrugated waveguide. This new type of THz structure is called as the waveguide-cavity-waveguide (WCW). The new invention is based on our mathematical modeling and experimentation that confirms a strong electromagnetic field accumulation inside the tiny cavity which can confine EM field for a long time within a very small effective volume (V eff ) to provide high quality (Q) factor. Therefore, an efficient THz switch can be designed to achieve ON-OFF switching functionality by modulating the refractive index n or extinction coefficient α inside the switching junction. The dimensions of the periodic structure and cavity can be optimized to apply the invention to slow-EM wave devices working at other frequencies in the EM spectrum including the microwave and outside the THz domain which is generally accepted as from 0.3 THz to 3 THz.

ENHANCEMENT OF QUANTUM YIELD USING HIGHLY REFLECTIVE AGENTS

Compositions having luminescent properties are described. The compositions can include a luminescent material, such as quantum dots and a reflective material, such as barium sulfate, both suspended in a matrix material. The presence of the reflecting material increases the amount of light captured from the composition. The compositions described herein can be used in back-lighting for LCDs and can also be used in other applications, such as color conditioning of ambient lighting. 1. A composition comprising:a population of quantum dot (QD) phosphors and a reflective material, both suspended in a primary matrix material.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the population of QD phosphors comprises QDs comprising a semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of CdS claim 1 , CdSe claim 1 , CdTe claim 1 , ZnS claim 1 , ZnSe claim 1 , ZnTe claim 1 , InP claim 1 , InAs claim 1 , InSb claim 1 , AIP claim 1 , AIS claim 1 , AIAs claim 1 , AISb claim 1 , GaN claim 1 , GaP claim 1 , GaAs claim 1 , GaSb claim 1 , PbS claim 1 , PbSe claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , MgS claim 1 , MgSe claim 1 , MgTe and combinations thereof.3. The composition of claim 1 , population of QD phosphors comprises QDs that do not contain Cd.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the population of QD phosphors comprise QDs comprising InP.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the population of QD phosphors comprise QDs comprising a core of a first semiconductor material and at least a first shell of a semiconductor material.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition exhibits light-stimulated emission having a quantum yield of at least 50%.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition exhibits light-stimulated emission having a quantum yield of at least 60%.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the reflective material comprises particles of an inorganic material.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the reflective material comprises particles of material ...

LOW-LOSS FLEXIBLE META-MATERIAL AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME

Provided are a meta-material and a method of fabricating the same. the metal-material may include a substrate, a metal layer on the substrate, and an active gain medium layer on the metal layer. The active gain medium layer and the metal layer may be configured to define hole patterns that may be periodically arranged to have a space smaller than a wavelength of an ultraviolet light, such that the active gain medium layer and the metal layer exhibit a negative refractive index in a wavelength region of the ultraviolet light. 1. A meta-material provided with a hole pattern , comprising:a substrate;a metal layer on the substrate; andan active gain medium layer on the metal layer,wherein the active gain medium layer and the metal layer are configured to define hole patterns that are periodically arranged to have a space smaller than a wavelength of an ultraviolet light, such that the active gain medium layer and the metal layer exhibit a negative refractive index in a wavelength region of the ultraviolet light.2. The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein the active gain medium layer comprises a dye layer claim 1 , a quantum well layer or a quantum dot.3. The meta-material of claim 2 , wherein the quantum dot and the quantum well layer comprises a semiconductor layer.4. The meta-material of claim 3 , wherein the semiconductor layer comprises gallium nitride or silicon carbide.5. The meta-material of claim 2 , wherein the quantum dot and the quantum well layer comprises a metal semiconductor layer.6. The meta-material of claim 5 , wherein the metal semiconductor layer comprises aluminum gallium nitride or indium gallium nitride.7. The meta-material of claim 2 , wherein the dye layer comprises coumarin claim 2 , fluorescein claim 2 , rhodamine claim 2 , mbelliferone claim 2 , PMMA claim 2 , ORMOSILs claim 2 , or metal oxide including ZnO.8. The meta-material of claim 7 , wherein the metal oxide comprises zinc oxide.9. The meta-material of claim 1 , wherein the substrate ...

LIQUID LENS

A liquid lens includes a sealed shell, a gaseous material, a transparent carbon nanotube structure within the gaseous material, a liquid material, and a first electrode and a second electrode, a voltage being applied to the carbon nanotube structure causes rapid heating, which is transferred to the gaseous material to change the pressure thereof. 1. A liquid lens comprising: a shell which is sealable , a membrane a gaseous material , a carbon nanotube structure , a first electrode , a second electrode , and a liquid material , wherein the membrane , the gaseous material , the carbon nanotube structure and the liquid material are sealed inside the shell , the gaseous material and the liquid material are separated from each other by the membrane inside the shell , the carbon nanotube structure is intermixed with the gaseous material , and the first electrode and the second electrode are separately located at two opposite sides of the shell , and electrically connected to the carbon nanotube structure.2. The liquid lens of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous material occupies about 10% to about 50% by volume of an interior of the shell.3. The liquid lens of claim 1 , wherein the shell comprises a hard portion and a soft portion.4. The liquid lens of claim 3 , wherein the hard portion is rigid and comprises glass claim 3 , quartz claim 3 , plastic or resin.5. The liquid lens of claim 3 , wherein the soft portion flexible and comprises polytene claim 3 , polypropylene claim 3 , or polymethylmethacrylate.6. The liquid lens of claim 3 , wherein the soft portion defines a convex surface.7. The liquid lens of claim 3 , wherein a pressure of the gaseous material sealed inside the shell is in a range from 0.5 atmosphere to 1.5 atmosphere.8. The liquid lens of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotube structure comprises at least one drawn carbon nanotube film.9. The liquid lens of claim 8 , wherein the at least one drawn carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes ...

Nanomechanical photonic devices

Devices which operate on gradient optical forces, in particular, nanoscale mechanical devices which are actuable by gradient optical forces. Such a device comprises a waveguide and a dielectric body, with at least a portion of the waveguide separated from the dielectric body at a distance which permits evanescent coupling of an optical mode within the waveguide to the dielectric body. This results in an optical force which acts on the waveguide and which can be exploited in a variety of devices on a nano scale, including all-optical switches, photonic transistors, tuneable couplers, optical attenuators and tuneable phase shifters.

SOLID-STATE IMAGINGELEMENT, CALIBRATION METHOD OF SOLID-STATE IMAGINGELEMENT, SHUTTER DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

Disclosed herein is a solid-state imaging element including: a plurality of pixels including a photoelectric conversion section; and a nano-carbon laminated film disposed on a side of a light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion section and formed with a plurality of nano-carbon layers, transmittance of light and a wavelength region of transmissible light changing in the nano-carbon laminated film according to a voltage applied to the nano-carbon laminated film. 1. A solid-state imaging element comprising:a plurality of pixels including a photoelectric conversion section; anda nano-carbon laminated film disposed on a side of a light receiving surface of the photoelectric conversion section and formed with a plurality of nano-carbon layers, transmittance of light and a wavelength region of transmissible light changing in the nano-carbon laminated film according to a voltage applied to the nano-carbon laminated film.2. The solid-state imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-carbon laminated film is disposed in a position corresponding to a predetermined pixel.3. The solid-state imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-carbon laminated film is disposed in a position corresponding to an infrared pixel for obtaininga near-infrared signal component, anda signal amount in the infrared pixel is subtracted froma signal amount in a visible light pixel for obtaining a visible light signal component, whereby the signal amount of the visible light pixel is corrected.4. The solid-state imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-carbon layers are graphene.5. The solid-state imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein the nano-carbon laminated film includes a first electrode formed by a single nano-carbon layer or a plurality of nano-carbon layers claim 1 , a second electrode formed by a single nano-carbon layer or a plurality of nano-carbon layers claim 1 , and a dielectric layer sandwiched between the first electrode and ...

FILTER

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to a filter (). In one embodiment, the filter includes a pattern (). The pattern may reflect or fluoresce non-visible light. 1. A filter , comprising:a substrate; anda pattern along a surface of the substrate, whereinthe pattern is to one of transmit substantially all visible light and fluoresce non-visible light, andthe pattern is to reflect at least a portion of the non-visible light if the pattern is to transmit substantially all the visible light.2. The filter of claim 1 , wherein the pattern is formed from a plurality of stacked layers of thin film if the pattern is to reflect at least a portion of the non-visible light.3. The filter of claim 2 , wherein the stacked layers of thin film alternate between at least two different types of material.4. The filter of claim 2 , wherein at least two of the stacked layers of thin film have different thicknesses.5. The filter of claim 2 , wherein the stacked layers of thin film include SiOand at least one of TiO claim 2 , NbO claim 2 , TaO claim 2 , ZrOand HfO.6. The filter of claim 2 , wherein the pattern does not absorb the visible light and the pattern does not absorb the non-visible light.7. The filter of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , if the pattern is to fluoresce the non-visible light claim 1 , the pattern includes a plurality of quantum dots that are to fluoresce the non-visible light in response to absorbing at least one of the visible and non-visible light.8. A display system claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00007', 'claim 7'}, 'the filter of ;'}a display under the filter, the display to project the visible light at the filter; anda detector to detect the non-visible light projected from the filter.9. The display system of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of quantum dots are to fluoresce infrared (IR) light in response to absorbing the visible light and the detector is to detect the IR light.10. The filter of claim 1 , wherein the pattern includes a plurality of ...

Photoluminescence display device

A display device includes a light source unit that emits a first light with a first wavelength, an optical filter that converts the first light to a second light, and an optical shutter that transmits or reflects the first light or the second light.

LIGHT-EMITTING APPARATUS, ILLUMINATION SYSTEM, VEHICLE HEADLAMP, PROJECTOR, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LIGHT-EMITTING APPARATUS

A headlamp () includes a semiconductor laser (); a light-emitting element () that emits light in response to laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser (); a heat-conducting member () that receives heat generated by the light-emitting element () through a light-emitting-element facing surface (); and a gap layer () that is disposed between the light-emitting element () and the light-emitting-element facing surface () and that conducts the heat generated by the light-emitting element () to the light-emitting-element facing surface (). The gap layer () contains at least an inorganic amorphous material. 1. A light-emitting apparatus comprising:an excitation light source that emits excitation light;a light emitter that emits light in response to the excitation light emitted from the excitation light source;a heat-conducting member that has a light-emitter facing surface facing the light emitter and that receives heat generated by the light emitter through the light-emitter facing surface; anda gap layer that is disposed between the light emitter and the light-emitter facing surface and that conducts the heat generated by the light emitter to the light-emitter facing surface,wherein the gap layer contains at least an inorganic amorphous material.2. The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the gap layer further contains an organic binder.3. The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the volume ratio of the inorganic amorphous material to the organic binder is 60:40 to 99.99:0.01.4. The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the gap layer has a thermal expansion coefficient between the thermal expansion coefficient of the light emitter and the thermal expansion coefficient of the heat-conducting member.5. The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein an entire surface of the light emitter facing the gap layer is in contact with the gap layer.6. The light-emitting apparatus according to claim 1 , ...

Single-photon nano-injection detectors

Single-photon detectors, arrays of single-photon detectors, methods of using the single-photon detectors and methods of fabricating the single-photon detectors are provided. The single-photon detectors combine the efficiency of a large absorbing volume with the sensitivity of nanometer-scale carrier injectors, called “nanoinjectors”. The photon detectors are able to achieve single-photon counting with extremely high quantum efficiency, low dark count rates, and high bandwidths.

LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE HAVING DIELECTRIC REFLECTOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A light-emitting device includes a first conductive semiconductor layer formed on a substrate, a mask layer formed on the first conductive semiconductor layer and having a plurality of holes, a plurality of vertical light-emitting structures vertically grown on the first conductive semiconductor layer through the plurality of holes, a current diffusion layer surrounding the plurality of vertical light-emitting structures on the first conductive semiconductor layer, and a dielectric reflector filling a space between the plurality of vertical light-emitting structures on the current diffusion layer. 1. A light-emitting device comprising:a first conductive semiconductor layer disposed on a substrate;a mask layer disposed on the first conductive semiconductor layer and having a plurality of holes;a plurality of vertical light-emitting structures vertically grown on the first conductive semiconductor layer through the plurality of holes;a current diffusion layer surrounding the plurality of vertical light-emitting structures on the first conductive semiconductor layer; anda dielectric reflector filling a space between the plurality of vertical light-emitting structures on the current diffusion layer.2. The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric reflector comprises a plurality of pairs of dielectric layers having different refractive indices.3. The light-emitting device of claim 2 , wherein the number of pairs of dielectric layers is about 3˜15.4. The light-emitting device of claim 3 , wherein the number of pairs of dielectric layers filling the space between the plurality of vertical light-emitting structures is about 3˜10.5. The light-emitting device of claim 2 , wherein each pair of the plurality of pairs of dielectric layers comprises a titanium oxide layer and a silicon oxide layer.6. The light-emitting device of claim 2 , wherein each of the dielectric layers has a thickness of about 10˜50 nm.7. The light-emitting device of claim 1 , wherein each ...

SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE

A semiconductor light emitting device includes: a package which is made of a resin and includes a recess; a lead frame exposed to a bottom of the recess; a semiconductor light emitting element connected to the lead frame in the recess; a phosphor layer over the bottom of the recess; and a second resin layer above the phosphor layer and the semiconductor light emitting element, in which the phosphor layer contains a semiconductor fine particle having an excitation fluorescence spectrum which changes according to a particle size, and the phosphor layer includes a water-soluble or water-dispersible material. 1. A semiconductor light emitting device comprising:a package which is made of a resin and includes a recess;a lead frame exposed to a bottom of the recess;a semiconductor light emitting element connected to the lead frame in the recess;a first resin layer over the bottom of the recess; anda second resin layer above the first resin layer and the semiconductor light emitting element,wherein the first resin layer contains a semiconductor fine particle having an excitation fluorescence spectrum which changes according to a particle size, andthe first resin layer comprises a water-soluble or water-dispersible material.2. The semiconductor light emitting device according to claim 1 , further comprisinga metal reflective film over the bottom and a side of the recess,wherein the first resin layer covers the metal reflective film.3. The semiconductor light emitting device according to claim 1 ,wherein the semiconductor fine particle has a layer structure of at least two layers an outermost layer among which is hydrophobic.4. The Semiconductor light emitting device according to claim 1 ,wherein the first resin layer is made of an acrylic resin, an epoxy resin, or a fluororesin.5. The semiconductor light emitting device according to claim 1 ,wherein the second resin layer contains a light scattering particle which scatters visible light.6. The semiconductor light emitting ...

SUBSTRATE AND DISPLAY DEVICE HAVING THE SAME

A display device includes a first base substrate, a second base substrate, a liquid crystal layer, a conductive protrusion structure and an electrode structure. The second base substrate is disposed opposite to the first base substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first and second base substrates. The conductive protrusion structure is disposed on one of the first and second base substrates. The electrode structure is at least disposed on the first or second base substrate having the conductive protrusion structure. 1. A display device , comprising:a first base substrate;a second base substrate, disposed opposite to the first base substrate;a liquid crystal layer, disposed between the first base substrate and the second base substrate;an electrode structure, disposed on at least one of the first base substrate and the second base substrate; anda conductive protrusion structure, disposed on at least one of the first base substrate, the second base substrate and the electrode structure.2. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode structure comprises:a first electrode, disposed on the first base substrate; anda second electrode, disposed on the second base substrate; wherein the conductive protrusion structure is disposed on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.3. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode structure comprises:a first electrode, disposed on the first base substrate;an insulation layer, disposed on the first electrode; anda second electrode, disposed on the insulation layer; and the conductive protrusion structure is disposed on the insulation layer or the second electrode.4. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode structure comprises:a pixel electrode, disposed on at least one of the first base substrate and the second base substrate; anda common electrode, spaced from the pixel electrode and alternately disposed with the pixel electrode; ...

Responsivity Enhancement of Solar Light Compositions and Devices for Thermochromic Windows

An optical window-filter includes a thermochromic material and a light absorbing material that can be bonded chemically. Absorption of light by the light absorbing material generates heat that causes phase transformation of the thermochromic material. A filter for an infrared imaging system has detectors sensitive to radiation in an infrared transmission spectrum. The filter includes a thermochromic material and a light-absorbing material. Absorption of high-power radiation in the infrared transmission spectrum by the light-absorbing material generates heat that causes phase transformation of the thermochromic material to attenuate the high-power radiation while transmitting substantially unaffected low-power radiation in the infrared transmission spectrum. 1. An optical window-filter comprising:a thermochromic material; anda light absorbing material;wherein absorption of light by the light absorbing material generates heat that causes a phase transformation of the thermochromic material.2. The optical window-filter of claim 1 ,wherein the thermochromic material includes thermochromic nanoparticles, and the light absorbing material includes light absorbing nanoparticles.3. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising thermal conductivity enhancers that transfer heat from the light absorbing material to the thermochromic material and transfer heat away from the thermochromic material.4. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising thermal conductivity enhancers that include thermal conductivity-enhancing nanoparticles.5. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , further comprising reduced transition temperature particles that reduce the transition temperature to a desired value between 25 to 80° C.6. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , in which said thermochromic material is encapsulated in nano or micro particles or shells.7. The optical window-filter of claim 1 , in which said light absorbing material is encapsulated in nano or micro ...

NANOSTRUCTURED ARTICLES

Articles comprising a substrate and a first layer on a major surface thereof, wherein the first layer has a first random, nanostructured surface, and wherein the first layer has an average thickness up to 0.5 micrometer. Embodiments of the articles are useful, for example, for display applications (e.g., liquid crystal displays (LCD), light emitting diode (LED) displays, or plasma displays); light extraction; electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, ophthalmic lenses; face shielding lenses or films; window films; antireflection for construction applications; and, construction applications or traffic signs. 1. An article comprising a substrate having first major surface and second , generally opposed major surfaces , and a first layer on the first major surface , wherein the first layer has a first random , nanostructured surface , and wherein the first layer has an average thickness up to 0.5 micrometer.2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises a matrix and a nanoscale dispersed phase.3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the matrix is a polymeric matrix.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first layer has an average thickness up to 0.15 micrometer.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the first claim 1 , random claim 1 , nanostructured surface is anisotropic.6. The article of claim 5 , wherein the first claim 5 , random claim 5 , nanostructured anisotropic surface has a percent reflection of less than 1%.7. The article of claim 1 , further comprising a functional layer disposed between the first major surface of the substrate and the first layer claim 1 , wherein this functional layer is at least one of a transparent conductive layer or a gas barrier layer.8. The article of claim 1 , further comprising a functional layer disposed on the first random claim 1 , nanostructured surface claim 1 , wherein this functional layer is at least one of a transparent conductive layer or a gas barrier layer.9. The article of claim 1 , further comprising a ...

FRONT-LIT REFLECTIVE DISPLAY DEVICE

Embodiments of the present invention generally provide an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactor having a substrate RF bias that is capable of control of the RF phase difference between the ICP source (a first RF source) and the substrate bias (a second RF source) for plasma processing reactors used in the semiconductor industry. Control of the RF phase difference provides a powerful knob for fine process tuning. For example, control of the RF phase difference may be used to control one or more of average etch rate, etch rate uniformity, etch rate skew, critical dimension (CD) uniformity, and CD skew, CD range, self DC bias control, and chamber matching. 120-. (canceled)21. A variable index light extraction layer having first and second regions , the first region comprising nanovoided polymeric material , the second region comprising the nanovoided polymeric material and an additional material , the first and second regions being disposed such that for light being transported at a supercritical angle in an adjacent layer , the variable index light extraction layer selectively extracts the light in a predetermined way based on the geometric arrangement of the first and second regions.22. An illumination article comprising a lightguide optically coupled to the variable index light extraction layer of claim 21 , wherein the light guide is the adjacent layer.23. A front-lit reflective display assembly comprising the illumination article of and a reflective scattering substrate claim 22 , wherein the reflective scattering substrate is optically coupled to the variable index light extraction layer and the lightguide.24. A front-lit reflective display assembly of claim 23 , wherein the reflective scattering substrate comprises a reflective display.25. A variable index light extraction layer of claim 21 , wherein the first region has a first refractive index claim 21 , the second region has a second refractive index claim 21 , and the difference between the first and ...

OPTICAL STRUCTURES INCLUDING NANOCRYSTALS

An optical structure can include a nanocrystal on a surface of an optical waveguide in a manner to couple the nanocrystal to the optical field of light propagating through the optical waveguide to generate an emission from the nanocrystal. 1. An optical structure comprising a layer of nanocrystals on a surface of an optical waveguide , the nanocrystal being positioned to be optically coupled to an optical field propagating through the optical waveguide , the layer having a thickness selected to minimize nanocrystal light self-absorption.2. The optical structure of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is an optical fiber.3. The optical structure of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide is a planar waveguide.4. The optical structure of claim 1 , wherein the nanocrystal is a semiconductor nanocrystal.5. The optical structure of claim 2 , wherein the optical fiber has a cladding layer that allows light to escape at a selected amount along the length of the fiber.6. The optical structure of claim 4 , wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal includes a core including a first semiconductor material.7. The optical structure of claim 6 , wherein the semiconductor nanocrystal includes an overcoating on a surface of the core including a second semiconductor material.8. The optical structure of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of nanocrystals distributed at a first portion of the surface.9. The optical structure of claim 8 , further comprising a plurality of nanocrystals distributed at a second portion of the surface.10. The optical structure of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of nanocrystals distributed at the first portion of the surface has a composition different from the plurality of nanocrystals distributed at the first portion of the surface.11. A light emitting structure comprising:a light source arranged to introduce light including an excitation wavelength into an optical waveguide; anda layer nanocrystals on a surface of the optical waveguide, the nanocrystal being ...

Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Devices Comprising Nanocrystals

The present invention provides light-emitting diode (LED) devices comprises compositions and containers of hermetically sealed luminescent nanocrystals. The present invention also provides displays comprising the LED devices. Suitably, the LED devices are white light LED devices. 1. A display system comprising:a. a display;b. a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs);c. a light guide optically coupled to the LEDs; andd. a composition comprising a plurality of phosphors placed between the display and the light guide.2. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the phosphors are luminescent nanocrystals.3. The display system of claim 2 , wherein the luminescent nanocrystals comprise CdSe or ZnS4. The display system of claim 2 , wherein the luminescent nanocrystals are core/shell luminescent nanocrystals comprising CdSe/ZnS claim 2 , InP/ZnS claim 2 , PbSe/PbS claim 2 , CdSe/CdS claim 2 , CdTe/CdS or CdTe/ZnS.5. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the phosphors are YAG phosphors.6. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the LEDs are blue LEDs.7. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the light guide further comprises one or more features that aid in the transmission of light from the light guide.8. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the composition is a film.9. The display system of claim 8 , wherein the film comprises a polymeric matrix in which the phosphors are dispersed.10. The display system of claim 9 , wherein the polymeric matrix comprising a first polymeric material that is an epoxy or a polycarbonate and a second polymeric material that is an aminosilicone.11. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the light guide is optically coupled to the LEDs with glue.12. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the light guide is optically coupled to the LEDs with tape.13. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the light guide is optically coupled to the LEDs with mechanical alignment.14. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the light guide is physically ...

LED-BASED LARGE AREA DISPLAY

An improved approach is described to implement an LED-based large area display which uses an array of single color solid state lighting elements (e.g. LEDs). In some embodiments, the panel comprises an array of blue LEDs, where each pixel of the array comprises three blue LEDs. An overlay is placed over the array of blue LEDs, where the overlay comprises a printed array of phosphor portions. Each pixel on the PCB comprised of three blue LEDs is matched to a corresponding portion of the overlay having the printed phosphor portions. The printed phosphor portions of the overlay includes a number of regions of blue light excitable phosphor materials that are configured to convert, by a process of photoluminescence, blue excitation light generated by the light sources into green or red and colored light. Regions of the overlay associated with generating blue light comprise an aperture/window that allows blue light to pass through the overlay. 1. A display panel comprising:an array of light emitting pixels comprising red, blue and green light emitting sub-pixels;a pixel in the array of light emitting pixels comprising an array of three blue light emitting solid-state devices and a light transmissive overlay placed over the array of solid-state light emitters; andwherein regions of the overlay corresponding to red light emitting sub-pixels comprise a red light emitting photoluminescence material, regions of the overlay corresponding to green light emitting sub-pixels comprise a green light emitting photoluminescence material and regions of the overlay corresponding to blue light emitting sub-pixels comprise a light transmissive region.2. The display panel of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state light emitters comprise light emitting diodes.3. The display panel of claim 1 , wherein the photoluminescence materials are selected from the group consisting of a phosphor material claim 1 , quantum dots claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The display panel of claim 1 , wherein the ...

ASSEMBLY COMPRISING J-AGGREGATES

The assembly is made up of: a) a support including a mesoporous coating whose pores have an average diameter dimensioned so as to enable molecules from the family of cyanines to penetrate them, and b) a layer of molecules from the family of cyanines and organized into J-aggregates within the pores of the coating. The assembly moreover includes Quantum Dots located within the same pores as those containing the J-aggregates, the Quantum Dots maintaining J-aggregates structure. A method for producing such an assembly is also described. 2. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said Quantum Dots and said pores are sized so as to provide a confinement of the Quantum Dots within said pores claim 1 , said confinement enabling a transfer between Quantum Dots and J-aggregates claim 1 , distance between J-aggregates and quantum dots being preferably comprised between 0.1 nm and 10 nm.3. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein said pores have an average diameter dimensioned so as to enable macromolecules with dendritic architecture to diffuse into the mesoporous coating claim 1 , characterized in that said assembly is also made up of macromolecules with dendritic architecture forming a functionalized layer at least in said pores and in that said layer of molecules from the family of cyanines interact with the macromolecules with dendritic architecture to form J-aggregates.4. The assembly of claim 2 , wherein said pores have an average diameter dimensioned so as to enable macromolecules with dendritic architecture to diffuse into the mesoporous coating claim 2 , characterized in that said assembly is also made up of macromolecules with dendritic architecture forming a functionalized layer at least in said pores and in that said layer of molecules from the family of cyanines interact with the macromolecules with dendritic architecture to form J-aggregates.5. The assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said Quantum Dots are chosen so to act as energy acceptors or donors for the J-aggregates ...

SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE

A semiconductor light emitting device includes: a package which is made of a resin and includes a recess; a lead frame exposed to a bottom of the recess; a semiconductor light emitting element connected to the lead frame in the recess; a resin layer in contact with the lead frame in the recess and over the bottom of the recess; and a quantum dot phosphor layer above the resin layer and the semiconductor light emitting element, in which the resin layer includes a ceramic fine particle, and the quantum dot phosphor layer includes at least one of semiconductor fine particles having an excitation fluorescence spectrum which differs according to a particle size, and a resin holding the semiconductor fine particles dispersedly. 1. A semiconductor light emitting device comprising:a package which is made of a resin and includes a recess;a lead frame exposed to a bottom of the recess;a semiconductor light emitting element connected to the lead frame in the recess;a first resin layer in contact with the lead frame in the recess and over the bottom of the recess; anda second resin layer above the first resin layer and the semiconductor light emitting element,wherein the first resin layer includes a ceramic fine particle, andthe second resin layer includes at least one of semiconductor fine particles having an excitation fluorescence spectrum which differs according to a particle size, and a resin holding the semiconductor fine particles dispersedly.2. The semiconductor light emitting device according to claim 1 ,wherein the second resin layer is enclosed in a transparent substrate, andthe transparent substrate and the package surround an area which is filled with the first resin layer.3. The semiconductor light emitting device according to claim 1 , comprisinga third resin layer between the first resin layer and the semiconductor light emitting element, the third resin layer not including the ceramic fine particle.4. The semiconductor light emitting device according to claim 2 ...

Liquid crystal display module

A liquid crystal display module includes a liquid crystal module and a polarizer stacked with each other. The polarizer includes a polarizing layer, a transparent conductive layer and a number of driving-sensing electrodes. The polarizing layer and the transparent conductive layer stacked with each other. The transparent conductive layer is an anisotropic impedance layer having a relatively low impedance direction. An electrical conductivity of the anisotropic impedance layer on the relatively low impedance direction is greater than electrical conductivities of the anisotropic impedance layer on other directions. The number of driving-sensing electrodes are spaced from each other and arranged in a row along a direction substantially perpendicular to the relatively low impedance direction and electrically connected with the transparent conductive layer.

Optical filters, their production and use

Optical filters, their production and their uses are provided. The optical filters have heat-resistant, mechanically stable absorption layers or filter layers. The optical filters can be absorption filters or ND filters. The filter layer includes filter particles dispersed in a matrix. The filter particles have a constant absorption over a wide wavelength range. The matrix includes a heat-resistant binder.

Method for producing substrate having concavity and convexity structure and method for producing organic el element using the same

A method for producing a substrate having an irregular concave and convex surface for scattering light includes: manufacturing a substrate having the irregular concave and convex surface; irradiating the concave and convex surface of the manufactured substrate with inspection light tom a direction oblique to a normal direction and detecting returning light of the inspection light returned from the concave and convex surface by a light-receiving element provided in the normal direction of the concave and convex surface; and judging unevenness of luminance of the concave and convex surface by an image processing device based on light intensity of the returning light received. An organic EL element which includes a diffraction-grating substrate having an irregular concave and convex surface is produced with a high throughput.

LENS ARRAY SHEET

A lens array sheet has a glass base and a resin lens array layer formed on the glass base, wherein the resin lens array layer includes a plurality of resin lenses and preferably includes a composite material having nanoparticles added to a matrix of the resin and the plurality of resin lenses are formed on the glass base substantially independently from each other. 1. (canceled)2. A lens array sheet , comprising:a glass base; anda resin lens array layer formed on the glass base, whereinthe resin lens array layer includes a plurality of resin lenses, andthe plurality of resin lenses are formed on the glass base substantially independently from each other.3. The lens array sheet as claimed in claim 2 , further comprisinga planar base layer interposed between the plurality of resin lenses and the glass base, whereinthe planar base layer has a thickness equal to or smaller than 4/10 of a thickness of the glass base or a thickness equal to or smaller than 4/10 of a thickness of the resin lens array layer.4. The lens array sheet as claimed in claim 2 , whereinthe resin lens array layer includes a composite material having nanoparticles added to a matrix of the resin.5. (canceled)6. The lens array sheet as claimed in claim 4 , whereinthe nanoparticles are added to the matrix resin to a density of 5 to 60 vol %.7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. The lens array sheet as claimed in claim 4 , whereinparticle sizes of the nanoparticles are determined by comparing an index of refraction of the nanoparticles to an index of refraction of the matrix resin.10. The lens array sheet as claimed in claim 9 , whereinin the case where the matrix resin and the nanoparticles have an equal index of refraction, the particle sizes of the nanoparticles are equal to or smaller than 2/10 of a thickness of the resin lens array layer, andin the case where the matrix resin and the nanoparticles have different indices of refraction,the particle sizes of the nanoparticles are equal to or smaller than 100 nm ...

LED LIGHT BULB WITH CONTROLLED COLOR DISTRIBUTION USING QUANTUM DOTS

A liquid-cooled LED bulb including a base and a shell connected to the base forming an enclosed volume. The liquid-cooled LED bulb also includes a plurality of LEDs attached to the base and disposed within the shell. The LED bulb also includes a thermally-conductive liquid held within the enclosed volume and a quantum dot material for adjusting the wavelength of light emitted from LED bulb. 1. A liquid-cooled light-emitting diode (LED) bulb comprising:a base;a shell connected to the base forming an enclosed volume;a plurality of LEDs attached to the base and disposed within the shell, wherein the plurality of LEDs are configured to emit blue light having a first wavelength of approximately 450 nm at peak intensity;a thermally-conductive liquid held within the enclosed volume; anda quantum dot material configured to convert a portion of the blue light emitted by the plurality of LEDs to an emission spectrum having a second wavelength greater than 450 nm at peak intensity.2. The liquid-cooled LED bulb of claim 1 , further comprising a ring structure including the quantum dot material claim 1 , wherein the ring structure is configured to facilitate a flow of the thermally conductive liquid from the LED mount to an inner surface of the shell claim 1 , and wherein the flow of thermally conductive liquid is caused claim 1 , at least in part claim 1 , by natural convection.3. The liquid-cooled LED bulb of claim 2 , wherein an inside radius of the ring structure is spaced apart from a light-emitting face of at least one of the plurality of LEDs claim 2 , the distance sufficient to facilitate passive convective flow of the thermally conductive liquid between the ring structure and the at least one LED.4. The liquid-cooled LED bulb of claim 2 , wherein an outside radius of the ring structure is spaced apart from an inner surface of the shell.5. The liquid-cooled LED bulb of claim 1 , wherein the quantum dot material comprises quantum dot crystals having sizes ranging between ...

OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING OPTICAL RECORDING MEDIUM

An optical recording medium includes a first transparent film layer, a second transparent film layer, and a recording material layer sandwiched between the first transparent film layer and the second transparent film layer. The recording material layer includes a hologram recording material. 1. An optical recording medium comprising:a first transparent film layer;a second transparent film layer; anda recording material layer sandwiched between the first transparent film layer and the second transparent film layer, the recording material layer including a hologram recording material.2. The optical recording medium according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the first transparent film layer is the same or substantially the same as a thickness of the second transparent film layer.3. The optical recording medium according to claim 1 , further comprising:a base plate having one of principal surfaces having the first transparent film layer, the second transparent film layer, and the recording material layer thereon.4. The optical recording medium according to claim 3 , wherein the first transparent film layer is bonded to the one of the principal surfaces of the base plate with an adhesion layer therebetween.5. The optical recording medium according to claim 1 , wherein the hologram recording material is photopolymer.6. The optical recording medium according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first transparent film layer and the second transparent film layer is a low refractive index transparent resin film having a resistance to the recording material layer and high adhesion to the recording material layer.7. The optical recording medium according to claim 6 , wherein the transparent resin film is an Arton film.8. A method for manufacturing an optical recording medium claim 6 , comprising:forming a first transparent film layer forming base material by bonding a first transparent film layer to one of principal surfaces of a first base material with a first adhesion layer ...

NANO-ANTENNA AND METHODS FOR ITS PREPARATION AND USE

Nano-antennas with a resonant frequency in the optical or near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum and methods of making the nano-antennas are described. The nano-antenna includes a porous membrane, a plurality of nanowires disposed in the porous membrane, and a monolayer of nanospheres each having a diameter that is substantially the same as a diameter of the nanowires. The nanospheres are electrically in series with the nanowires. 1. A method of manufacturing a nano-antenna , the method comprising:disposing a plurality of nanowires in a porous membrane, wherein each nanowire has a diameter; andplacing a monolayer of nanospheres electrically in series with the plurality of nanowires, wherein the nanospheres have substantially the same diameter as the nanowires.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising placing a polymer layer in electrical contact with the monolayer of nanospheres.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer layer comprises a conductive layer.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein placing the polymer layer comprises placing the polymer layer over the monolayer of nanospheres.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein placing the polymer layer comprises placing the polymer layer electrically in series with the monolayer of nanospheres.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein each of the porous membrane claim 2 , the plurality of nanowires claim 2 , and the polymer layer are visibly transparent.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein each of the porous membrane claim 2 , the plurality of nanowires claim 2 , and the polymer layer are visibly translucent.8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer layer comprises an insulating layer comprising one or more of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) claim 2 , polymethyl methacralate (PMMA) claim 2 , polyethylene (PE) claim 2 , polystyrene (PS) claim 2 , polypropylene claim 2 , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) claim 2 , polycarbonate claim 2 , polyacrylate claim 2 , neoprene claim 2 , nylon claim 2 , polyvinyl chloride ...

Nanocomposite Photodetector

A photodetector includes an anode that is transparent or partially transparent to light, a cathode and an active layer disposed between the anode and the cathode. The active layer includes a nanocomposite material that has a polymer blended with nanoparticles or organic electron trapping particles. The photodetector has a low dark current when not illuminated by light and has a high conductivity when illuminated by light, in which the light passes the anode and is absorbed by the active layer.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR NANOSTRUCTURE APODIZATION MASK FOR TRANSMITTER SIGNAL SUPPRESSION IN A DUPLEX TELESCOPE

Disclosed herein is a system for an apodization mask composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for absorbing unwanted stray light. An apodization mask is a precise pattern or shape that is mathematically derived using light scattering measurement techniques to achieve optimal light absorption. 1. An apodization mask for absorbing unwanted stray light , the mask composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.2. The apodization mask of wherein the mask is formed into a shape mathematically derived to achieve maximum light absorption.3. A duplex telescope with stray light suppressing capabilities claim 1 , comprising:(a) a primary mirror for transmitting and receiving light;(b) a secondary mirror for defocusing transmitted light onto the primary mirror and for focusing received light;(c) a photodetector which receives light;(d) a laser transmitter which transmits light; and(c) an apodization mask for absorbing stray transmitted light.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the apodization mask is composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the apodization mask is formed into a shape mathematically derived to achieve maximum light absorption.6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the primary mirror collimates transmitted light and focuses received light.7. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the received light is sent by the secondary mirror.8. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the duplex telescope communicates with other duplex telescopes. The invention described herein was made by employees of the United States Government. It may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without payment of any royalty thereon or therefor.A. Technical FieldThe present disclosure relates to reducing unwanted stray light in duplex telescopes by using an apodization mask of multiwalled carbon nanotubes for light absorption.B. IntroductionDuplex communication in telescopes is performed by using a telescope with primary ...

PHASE-CONTROLLED MAGNETIC MIRROR, MIRROR SYSTEM, AND METHODS OF USING THE MIRROR

A phase-controllable magnetic mirror, system, and method of use are described. The mirror has a ground plate with a surface, a dielectric layer disposed over the surface and having a plurality of electrically-isolated dielectric sections, the dielectric sections defining a plurality of unit cells. The unit cells change their dielectric constant based on an applied voltage such that cells incident photons having a first phase and re-emit photons having a second, different phase. A method of use includes aberrating a wave front and re-emitting, with a phase-controllable magnetic mirror, a second wave front having a different wave front contour. A system including the phase-controllable magnetic mirror has a processor configured to receive aberration measurements and provide selected bias voltages or illumination of the unit cells to make the re-emitted wave front have less aberration than the incident wave front. 1. A phase controllable magnetic mirror , comprising:a ground plate having a surface;a dielectric layer disposed over the ground plate surface and having a plurality of electrically-isolated sections; anda first unit cell and a second unit cell connected to the ground plate and the dielectric layer,wherein the first and the second unit are configured to have different electric potentials, andwherein the plurality of unit cells are configured to receive incident photons at a first phase and re-emit photons at a second phase.2. The mirror of claim 1 , wherein a difference between the phases of photon emitted by the first unit cell and the second unit cell corresponds to a difference in the electric potentials of the first unit cell and the second unit cell.3. The mirror of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer comprises a plurality of controllable dielectric portions configured to apply an electric potential to the connected unit cell.4. The mirror of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the unit cells further comprises a sinusoidal-shaped nanowire connected to ...

NANOPHOTONIC SCATTERING STRUCTURE

A method of designing a nanophotonic scattering structure can include establishing an initial design having an array of discrete pixels variable between at least two pixel height levels. A performance metric for the structure can be a function of the heights of the pixels. The height of a pixel can be varied, and then the performance metric can be calculated. The steps of varying the pixel height and calculating the performance metric can be repeated to increase the performance metric. The above steps can be repeated for each pixel within the array and then the method can be iterated until the performance metric reaches an optimized value. Nanophotonic scattering structures can be produced from designs obtained through this process. 1. A method of designing a nanophotonic scattering structure , comprising:a) establishing an initial design for a nanophotonic scattering structure including an active layer and an adjacent scattering layer, the scattering layer having an array of discrete pixels wherein each discrete pixel has a geometric profile and is variable between at least two pixel height levels;b) identifying a performance metric for the nanophotonic scattering structure;c) varying a height of a pixel from the array of discrete pixels among the at least two pixel height levels, said performance metric being a function of the height;d) calculating the performance metric for the nanophotonic scattering structure;e) repeating steps c) and d) to increase the performance metric, unless the performance metric is not increased by varying the height of the pixel to any of the at least two pixel height levels;f) repeating steps c) through e) for each pixel within the array of discrete pixels until steps c) through e) have been performed for every pixel within the array of discrete pixels; andg) repeating steps c) through f) until the performance metric reaches an optimized value.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanophotonic scattering structure is a photovoltaic ...

REFLECTIVE PHASE RETARDER AND SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING SUCH REFLECTING PHASE RETARDER

The invention provides a reflective phase retarder and a semiconductor light-emitting device including such reflective phase retarder. The reflective phase retarder of the invention converts an incident light beam with a first type polarization into the light with a second type polarization, and reflects the converted light beam with the second type polarization out. 1. A reflective phase retarder , comprising:a substrate;a reflective layer, formed on the substrate; anda multi-layer structure, formed on the reflective layer and constituted by at least a symmetrical or a pseudo-symmetrical film stack, the symmetrical or a pseudo symmetrical film stack including odd number of films, wherein the odd number is greater than one, the odd number of films including at least one anisotropic dielectric film, for converting an incoming light beam of a first type polarization from a top surface of the multi-layer structure into a light beam of a second type polarization which is reflected by the reflective layer, wherein the odd number of films having a central film disposed at a midst location, and with respect to the central film, properties of films on two sides thereof are symmetrical or pseudo-symmetrical to each other.2. The reflective phase retarder of claim 1 , wherein the at least one anisotropic dielectric film is constituted by an array of dielectric nanorods.3. The reflective phase retarder of claim 2 , further comprising at least one matching layer formed on the multi-layer structure to reduce reflectivity of the light beam entering the top surface of the multi-layer structure.4. A reflective phase retarder claim 2 , comprising:a transparent substrate;a multi-layer structure, formed on a first surface of the substrate and being constituted by at least a symmetrical or a pseudo-symmetrical film stack, the symmetrical or a pseudo-symmetrical film stack including at least one anisotropic dielectric film; anda reflective layer, formed on the multi-layer structure, for ...

BACKLIGHT UNIT AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal panel, includes: a light source including a light-emitting diode (“ED”) which generates and emits light; and a light converting layer between the light source and the liquid crystal panel, spaced apart from the light source, and converting the light from the light source into white light and emitting the white light toward the liquid crystal panel. The light converting layer includes: semiconductor nanocrystals, and a barrier material which restricts penetration of moisture or oxygen. 1. A backlight unit for a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal panel , the backlight unit comprising:a light source comprising a light-emitting diode which generates and emits light; anda light converting layer between the light source and the liquid crystal panel, and spaced apart from the light source, wherein the light converting layer converts the light from the light source into white light and emits the white light toward the liquid crystal panel, semiconductor nanocrystals, and', 'a barrier material which restricts penetration of moisture or oxygen., 'the light converting layer comprising2. The backlight unit of claim 1 , wherein the light converting layer further comprises:a transparent substrate,a light converting film on a surface of the transparent substrate, and comprising the semiconductor nanocrystals, anda barrier layer on a surface of the light converting film, and comprising the barrier material.3. The backlight unit of claim 2 , wherein the barrier layer is further on a surface of the transparent substrate claim 2 , opposite to the surface of the light converting film.4. The backlight unit of claim 1 , wherein the light converting layer further comprises:a light converting film comprising the semiconductor nanocrystals, anda barrier layer on a surface of the light converting film, and comprising the barrier material.5. The backlight unit of claim 1 , wherein the light ...

DISPLAY APPARATUS AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

A display apparatus comprises a display panel. The display panel emits a green light having a green energy and a green point of the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity under the operation of the highest gray level of a green image, and emits a blue light having a blue energy and a blue point of the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity under the operation of the highest gray level of a blue image. The ratio of the green energy to the blue energy is between 0.7 and 1.2. In the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram, the coordinates of the blue point are bounded by the equation: y=−168.72x+50.312x−3.635 and the equation: y=−168.72x+63.81x−5.9174, while y is between 0.04 and 0.08. 1. A display apparatus , comprising: {'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein the ratio of the green energy to the blue energy is between 0.7 and 1.2 and the coordinates of the blue point in the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity diagram are bounded by the equation: y=−168.72x+50.312x−3.635 and the equation: y=−168.72x+63.81x−5.9174, while the y is between 0.04 and 0.08.'}, 'a display panel, emitting a green light having a green energy and a green point of the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity under the operation of the highest gray level of a green image, and emitting a blue light having a blue energy and a blue point of the CIE 1931 xy chromaticity under the operation of the highest gray level of a blue image,'}2. The display apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the coordinates of the green point in the chromaticity diagram are bounded by the equation: y=−48.85x+22.964x−2.0014 and the equation: y=−48.85x+26.872x−2.9981 claim 1 , while the y is between 0.58 and 0.64.3. The display apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the coordinates of the green point in the chromaticity diagram are bounded by the equation: y=−48.85x+22.964x−2.0014 and the equation: y=−48.85x+26.872x−2.9981 claim 1 , while the y is between 0.64 and 0.7.4. The display apparatus as recited in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the green energy to the blue energy is further between 0.8 ...

TUNABLE PHOTONIC CRYSTAL COLOR FILTERS AND COLOR IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICES

Tunable photonic crystal color filters, and color image display devices including the same, include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a medium between the first electrode and the second electrode, nano particles distributed in the medium in a lattice structure and charged, and an ion spread preventing layer over a surface of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode. 1. A tunable photonic crystal color filter , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode facing the first electrode;a medium between the first electrode and the second electrode;nano particles distributed in the medium with a lattice structure, the nano particles being charged; andan ion spread preventing layer over a surface of at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.2. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 1 , wherein the ion spread preventing layer comprises a barrier layer suppressing hydroxyl ions generated on the at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode from spreading into at least one of the medium and the nano particles.3. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 1 , wherein the ion spread preventing layer is formed of a perfluorocarbonic sulfonic acid or a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer.4. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 1 , wherein the ion spread preventing layer comprises a barrier layer suppressing hydrogen ions generated on the at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode from spreading into at least one of the medium and the nano particles.5. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 4 , wherein the ion spread preventing layer comprises at least one selected from a quaternary ammonium base claim 4 , a quaternary pyridinium base claim 4 , and a quaternary imidazolium base.6. The tunable photonic crystal color filter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a ...

Quantum Dot/Remote Phosphor Display System Improvements

A display system comprises light sources configured to emit first light with a first spectral power distribution; light regeneration layers configured to be stimulated by the first light and to convert at least a portion of the first light and recycled light into second light, the second light comprising (a) primary spectral components that correspond to primary colors and (b) secondary spectral components that do not correspond to the primary colors; and notch filter layers configured to receive a portion of the second light and to filter out the secondary spectral components from the portion of the second light. The portion of the second light can be directed to a viewer of the display system and configured to render images viewable to the viewer. 1. A display system , comprising:one or more light sources configured to emit first light with a first spectral power distribution;one or more light regeneration layers configured to be stimulated by the first light and to convert at least a portion of the first light and recycled light into second light, the second light comprising (a) primary spectral components that correspond to one or more primary colors and (b) secondary spectral components that do not correspond to the one or more primary colors; andone or more notch filter layers configured to receive a portion of the second light and to filter out the secondary spectral components from the portion of the second light, wherein the portion of the second light is directed to a viewer of the display system and configured to render images viewable to the viewer.2. The display system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first light comprises one or more of: UV spectral components or blue light spectral components.3. The display system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the one or more light sources comprises one or more of: laser light sources claim 1 , light-emitting diodes (LEDs) claim 1 , or cold cathode fluorescent lights (CCFLs).4. The display system as recited in ...