ИЗОЛЯЦИОННАЯ ТЯГА

Использование: изобретение относится к области электротехники и может найти применение в аппаратостроении и в качестве несущего стержня подвесных полимерных электроизоляторов линий электропередач. Сущность изобретения: в изоляционной тяге из стеклопластикового стержня, имеющей щелевые пазы и резьбовое отверстие по оси стержня, в котором установлена шпилька. Стопорение резьбового соединения осуществляется за счет конического отверстия во втулке, которая охватывает стеклопластиковый стержень и насаживается на него посредством гайки. Такое соединение обеспечивает предохранение шпильки от самоотвинчивания и снижает габариты узла, так как шпилька является конструктивным элементом выключателя.

ИЗОЛЯЦИОННАЯ ТЯГА

Изоляционная тяга, содержащая стеклопластиковый стержень с щелеобразными пазами, шпильку и втулку, отличающийся тем, что стеклопластиковый стержень имеет резьбовое отверстие, в которое ввернута шпилька, а втулка выполнена с конусным отверстием, охватывающим стеклопластиковый стержень и обеспечивающий стопорение резьбового соединения по крайней мере в зоне щелеобразных пазов.

Переключатель

Переключатель полярности

Привод выключателя

Использование: в электротехнике, в частности в рычажном приводе путевого выключателя , предназначенного для коммутации электрических цепей управлеПТ-г ния под воздействием подвижных управляющих упоров (кулачков). Привод выключателя содержит корпус 1, вал 2 с установленным на нем рычагом 3 и пружину сжатия 7. В рычаге выполнено окно 5, через которое пропущен вал 2 с лыской 6. Образованные лыской торцовые поверхности 8 вала охватывают рычаг 3 с обеих сторон. Рычаг поджимается к лыске пружиной 7, установленной в окне рычага и упирающейся одним торцом в цилиндрическую поверхность вала через промежуточную опорную пластину 9, а другим - в грань окна. Пружина 7 обеспечивает дополнительный ход рычага после переклю-. чения контактов и крепление рычага на валу без применения специальных крепежных элементов, в том числе резьбовых. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 4 ил.« 6 00 го о -fcb N3 ...

Handgriff, insbesondere isolierender Griff, fuer Schalter, Handlampen u. dgl.

TOTMANNSCHALTER

Hebelumschalter

Eletrischer Schalter

Improvements in electrical circuit breakers or switches

... 567,089. Snap-action switches ; locking ; handles. MUDIE, A. B. Aug. 5, 1943, No. 12641. [Class 38 (v)] The operating lever of an automatic circuitbreaker or other switch is retained in the closed position by the hooked end 21 of a plate-spring 2 passing between the limbs 10 of the lever and engaging the connecting yoke 11. The handle 13 is pivoted on a pin 14 between the ends of limbs 10 and carries stop surfaces 17, 18 which enable the handle and lever to move rigidly into closed position and permit the handle to move rela. tively to the lever and deflect the latch 21 in the initial opening movement. The lever is adapted to close a switch arm against spring or gravity action and, in the opening movement, trip a retaining catch to permit the switch arm to open. Specification 233,094, [Class 38 (v)], is referred to.

Lawnmower lever flexibly or pivotably anchored at one end, attached to a switch pull cord at the other end.

An actuating mechanism for an electric switch f comprises a lever 6 provided at one end with an actuator, e.g. a cord 8d for engaging the switch. The lever 6 has a first, relatively-rigid portion 8a and by a second, relatively-flexible portion 8c. An anchoring member 10 is provided at that end of the lever 6 remote from the actuator 8d and the lever is pivotably or flexibly connected to the anchor member. The lever may be contacted to switch box 4 for a lawnmower, and may be situated on a U-shaped handle 1 for the lawnmower, shaped to complement the corner portion of the handle. The lever may be made of polypropylene and the flexible portions may be integral with the lever, such that the lever has thin flexible portions at either end. The lever may have a rubber over-molding.

Improvements in or relating to lever type operating handle assemblies

... 1,048,532. Variable-throw cranks. POWER CENTRE CO. Ltd. Jan. 8, 1965 [Feb. 1, 1964], No. 4394/64. Heading F2K. [Also in Divisions E2 and H2] An operating handle 10 for rotating a spindle 13 is axially movable in a through bore of a boss 12 on the spindle to vary the handle length, the stem 14 of the handle being frictionally gripped to hold it against vibrational movement by the convolutions of a coil spring 16 in a transverse bore of the boss 12 (Fig. 2, not shown), or by a friction pad (not shown). A spring pin 18 prevents complete removal of handle 10 from the boss 12.

Switchgear apparatus

Vehicle electric equipment switch assembly and operation lever assembly therof

DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS WITH HOLOGRAPHIC OPTICAL TRAPS.

SWING-OUT CONTROL UNIT.

SWITCHING TOGGLE FOR ELECTRICAL SWITCHGEARS.

ELECTRICAL SWITCHING APPARATUS OPERATING MECHANISM WITH OPERATING MEMBER THEREFOR, AND ENCLOSURE ASSEMBLY EMPLOYING THE SAME

An operating mechanism is for a circuit breaker housed by an enclosure assembly including a panel movable between a closed position and an open position. The operating mechanism includes a linkage and an operating member. The operating mechanism is coupled to the handle of the circuit breaker to provide operation of the handle from the exterior of the enclosure when the panel is closed. The operating member includes a first end having an engaging portion coupled to the linkage of the operating mechanism, and a second end structured for gripping by a user. The operating member enables the handle of the circuit breaker to be operated, without requiring the use of separate hand tools, when the panel of the enclosure is open and the handle portion of the operating member is actuated.

ELECTRICAL SWITCHING APPARATUS OPERATING MECHANISM WITH OPERATING MEMBER THEREFOR, AND ENCLOSURE ASSEMBLY EMPLOYING THE SAME

An operating mechanism is for a circuit breaker housed by an enclosure assembly including a panel movable between a closed position and an open position. The operating mechanism includes a linkage and an operating member. The operating mechanism is coupled to the handle of the circuit breaker to provide operation of the handle from the exterior of the enclosure when the panel is closed. The operating member includes a first end having an engaging portion coupled to the linkage of the operating mechanism, and a second end structured for gripping by a user. The operating member enables the handle of the circuit breaker to be operated, without requiring the use of separate hand tools, when the panel of the enclosure is open and the handle portion of the operating member is actuated.

SWITCHGEAR

The invention relates to a switchgear, especially an automatic cut-out an d/or a fault-current circuit breaker, said switchgear comprising a switch le ver (1) for manually closing and/or opening switch contacts, and a release d evice for automatically separating the switch contacts, the switch lever (1) comprising an actuating extension (2). According to the invention, in order to prolong the service life of the switchgear, especially of the switch lev er, a separate handle part (3) is arranged on the actuating extension (2). ...

SWITCH ROD HAVING ORNAMENTAL DISTAL END

TITLE SWITCH ROD HAVING ORNAMENTAL DISTAL END APPLICANT ALEXANDER LAMB INVENTOR Alexander LAMB This invention relates to a toggle switch activator for mechanically activating a toggle-like switch between open and closed states includes a body portion with a recess whose profile is profiled to capture and mate the distal end of the toggle and to be constrained thereon and carries means, in the preferred embodiment, a frontal recess with pin extending therethrough, the pin also extending a distal end of a rod which depends from the body, the rod being rigid or semi-rigid to allow a person grasping the rod, to move the toggle switch between open and closed states.

Handkurbel für Steuerwalzen.

Lasttrennschalter

Anordnung zum Antrieb des Fahrschalters in einem elektrischen Fahrzeug

Elektrisch betriebenes, ein Gehäuse aufweisendes Diktiergerät mit einer Schalteranordnung

Handantrieb für ein elektrisches Schaltgerät

DEAD MAN SWITCH.

Switching mechanism.

Eine Schaltvorrichtung (1), insbesondere eine Schaltvorrichtung (1) für eine Gangschaltung, umfasst einen Schalthebel (100) und eine Schalthebelführung (200), wobei der Schalthebel (100) beweglich an der Schalthebelführung (200) gelagert ist und zwischen einer Neutralposition und mindestens einer ersten Schaltposition bewegbar ist. Der Schalthebel (100) ist in der ersten Schaltposition mit einer Rückstellkraft beaufschlagt, welche den Schalthebel (100) in die Neutralposition zurückführt, wobei die Rückstellkraft als Magnetkraft realisiert ist. Damit wird eine Schaltvorrichtung (1) geschaffen, welche durch die berührungsfreie Kraftübertragung sowohl besonders ästhetisch als auch sehr robust im Betrieb ist.

Circuit breaker actuating mechanism and its lever anti-slip structure

The invention is concerned with the antiskid structure of the lever of the circuit breaker operating mechanism, includes the side sheet subassembly, on the side sheet of the operating mechanism where the rotation feet of the lever is in touch with the side plate can turn to; and the antiskid structure also includes the lever subassembly, on the rotation feet of the lever, cooperates with the circuit breaker operating mechanism's side sheet and its subassembly limit the rotation foot of the lever sliding to the medal or the forth. The antiskid structure provides the inter-bound movement betweens the lever and the side sheet support, limits the rotation foot of the lever sliding to the medal or the forth, and reduces the contact surface and the frictional resistance by using the small convex stage, improves the product life cycle.

开关装置

... 本发明提供一种开关装置，包括具有容纳部的壳体；设置在所述壳体的容纳部内的固定触点；一部分突出于容纳部外且被安装在壳体上的操作杆；由使容放在容纳部中的操作杆在突出于壳体的方向上受弹力作用的同时，与所述固定触点可接触、分离的卷簧构成的活动触点；在所述卷簧上形成了一对从簧卷部延伸出来的臂部，在其中一个臂部可转动地被支承在所述容纳部一端侧上的同时，另一个臂部可转动地被支承在操作杆上，所述卷簧以下述方式设置在所述壳体上，即随着操作杆的移动，所述簧卷部可以在所述壳体的容纳部内转动及移动。 ...

Electric switchgear isolator with magnified movement - has pivoted mandrel handle and has rapid movement through dead load

MECHANICAL ACTUATOR TO OPERATE AN ELECTRIC SWITCH HAS TROISPOSITIONS OF COMMUTATION

Device has independent closing for electricals appliance.

DEVICE Of ACTUATION Of AT LEAST a SWITCH HAS SAFETY RENFORCEE

La présente invention est relative à un dispositif d'actionnement d'au moins un interrupteur (4) principal, comportant un levier (1) ayant deux faces principales (8, 9) . Dans une position de travail du levier, sa première face (9) principale est destinée à actionner l'interrupteur (4) principal. Dans une position de repos du levier, sa seconde face (8) principale est destinée à actionner au moins un interrupteur (14) auxiliaire apte à délivrer une information relative à la position de repos.Application notamment pour poignée de manipulation.

TOGGLE SWITCH ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY

lOAD DISCONNECTING SWITCH MIT BEFORE THE sWITCH BAYaRRANGED ONEoPERATING GRASPfRONT PLATE OF A

DEVICE OF CONTROL LEVER, IN PARTICULAR FOR the ORDER Of BODIES Of AUTOMOBILE UNVEHICULE

Ce dispositif de commande comporte un levier (12), ayant une forme générale de révolution autour d'un axe de révolution (Z), articulé sur un support fixe (14) et muni d'une extrémité proximale de manoeuvre (16). Il comporte en outre une électrode (24) de détection de proximité de la main d'un utilisateur par rapport à l'extrémité (16) de manoeuvre du levier (12), et des moyens (28) de liaison électrique de cette électrode (24) avec un circuit électrique (26) fixe porté par le support (14). Les moyens de liaison électrique (28) comprennent un organe annulaire conducteur déformable (30) entourant le levier (12) de façon à participer au masquage de ce levier (12).

ARRANGEMENT FOR A CABLE ADAPTER AND EXTENSION SET TO SWITCH SAFETY SWITCH

On/off and tripping display structure for small breaker

Radio control for a portable communication device

A control switch (110) is provided to facilitate a primary user interface for a control top surface (106) of a non-orthogonal control top (102) of a portable communication device (100). The control switch (110) comprises a thumb button actuator (112), a rotary lever (220) having a lever arm (222) extending therefrom, a transfer arm (202) coupled between the thumb button actuator and the lever arm of the rotary lever, and an electrical rotary switch (204) with a switch shaft (224) providing a primary axis of orthogonal rotation. Actuation of the thumb button actuator (112) results in linear, non-orthogonal motion of the transfer arm (202) being translated into rotary motion of the switch shaft (224) about the primary axis of orthogonal rotation (205).

Linked circuit breakers having a handle tie bar (interlocking lever)

Linked circuit breakers linked with an interlocking lever having hollows respectively receiving each handle of each circuit breaker and having a groove to be fitted in by the connecting pin positioned between each handle are fixed side-by-side. The groove of the interlocking lever has protrusions which make the groove narrower than the diameter of the connecting pin to fix the connecting pin. Thus, the interlocking lever is mounted easily to the handles of the circuit breakers by the connecting pin which inserts through the through holes of the handles.

Handle extender for molded case circuit breaker actuator mechanism

A remote actuator for an enclosed molded case circuit breaker or disconnect switch utilizes an actuator cable connection with the circuit breaker operating handle in a "pull-pull" arrangement. The cable is arranged in an endless loop between the actuator handle and the circuit breaker operating handle. Moving the actuator handle in a first direction pulls the circuit breaker operating handle to its ON position while moving the actuator handle in an opposite direction pulls the circuit breaker operating handle to its OFF positoin. A retractable handle extender on the actuator handle increases the torquing force applied to the actuator handle and the circuit breaker operating handle.

Lever switch with improved actuating member

A lever switch has an actuating member and a cover member to be connected to each other. The actuating member includes first and second slots and notch portions. The cover member includes legs to be engaged with the notch portions of the actuating member. The first slot of the actuating member acts as a guide when it is attached to a mounting rod, and the second slot of the actuating member may support the mounting rod after the actuating member and cover member are connected, whereby the actuating member may be rotatably and removably attached to the mounting rod.

Electrical controlling apparatus

Cam switch with lost motion lever actuator

A cam switch assembly is actuated by movement of a member, such as a part of a convertible top that is pivoted about a first pivot axis toward and away from a surface that is fixed relative to the pivot. The cam switch comprises a holder for at least one switch that is attached to the member. A cam switch actuator having an arm is attached to the holder at a second pivot axis. The cam switch actuator opens and closes the switch as the cam switch actuator is pivoted relative to the holder about the second pivot axis. The arm has a first lost motion connection to the movable member in a first direction. The member has a second lost motion connection at the first pivot axis that is aligned with the first direction when the member is moved into engagement with the surface. The member is movable relative to the surface in a first direction and the arm is permitted to move relative to the surface without changing the angular orientation of the cam switch actuator relative to the holder.

SWITCH-OPERATING MECHANISM

The present invention relates to a switch-operating mechanism. In particular, the present invention relates to a switch-operating mechanism for a power tool, such as a pruning tool. Described is a switch-operating mechanism for a powered tool including a working head having first and second cutter members. The switch-operating mechanism further includes a lever moveable between first, second, and third operative positions. In operation, positioning of the lever in the first operative position provides a power off mode in which the power supply is disconnected; movement of the lever into the second operative position causes the at least one of the cutter members to move to a first blade position; and movement of the lever into the third operative position causes the at least one of the cutter members to move to a second blade position.

Electromechanical actuation system for momentary contact control switches

Systems and methods are disclosed herein relating to a momentary contact switch that can be both manually and electronically actuated. In some embodiments, an electronic module can be added to a manual momentary contact switch to enable electronic control. The momentary contact switch can be transitioned between first, second, and third electrical states based on the rotation of a shaft between first, second, and third rotational positions. Rotary arms are selectively engaged by pull arms connected to a master solenoid to selectively rotate the shaft from the first rotational position to the second and third rotational positions.

SAFETY SWITCH MECHANISM FOR ELECTRIC APPARATUS

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a safety switch mechanism for an electric apparatus in which an operation member can be operated only when a constituting member is fitted to a switch portion main body in a predetermined state so as to provide safety. SOLUTION: An operation member 17 having a functioning portion is supported against a switch portion main body 3 constituting one part of an electric apparatus so as to be possible to be pushed down normally in an energized state to a power source OFF position. The intermediate portion of a lever member 21 one arm portion of which is equipped with a cam portion 21a sliding on a constituting member constituting one part of the electric apparatus to be mounted and simultaneously the other arm portion of which has such a length as abutting a functioning portion 17a in a non-pushed down state is supported against the switch portion main body 3 so as to be turnable. The lever member 21 is normally energized to such a position as the other arm tip ...

КОНТРОЛЛЕР

Изобретение относится к области машиностроения и может быть использовано в системах управления транспортными средствами, в частности, в качестве устройства, задающего по команде машиниста режим работы силового оборудования. Контроллер содержит корпус, крышку, блок датчиков, закрепленный на корпусе контроллера, подпружиненный фиксатор, упор, магнит и рукоятку контроллера, в которой установлены подпружиненные толкатель и стержень, опирающийся нижним концом на упор, а верхним концом на толкатель. Магнит в рабочем положении рукоятки контроллера располагается с зазором напротив соответствующего магниточувствительного датчика блока датчиков. Упор жестко закреплен на корпусе, в котором установлены либо одна, либо две оси, содержащие паз с фигурным профилем. Причем, либо на одной, либо на двух осях подвижно закреплена каретка, соединенная с рукояткой, подпружиненные фиксаторы расположены внутри каретки, а магнит закреплен на внешней поверхности каретки. Технический результат - снижение материалоемкости ...

КОНТРОЛЛЕР

Контроллер, содержащий корпус, состоящий из двух стенок, соединенных между собой с помощью колонок, и закрытый кожухом, орган управления - рукоятку, сектор с внутренним зубчатым зацеплением, вал-шестерню, механизм блокировки рукоятки в нейтральном положении, содержащий подпружиненные упорный рычаг и толкатель, и упор, жестко закрепленный на корпусе, механизм фиксации положений рукоятки, плату блока датчиков с датчиками Холла и магнит, отличающийся тем, что в корпусе на подшипнике установлен секторный диск механизма блокировки рукоятки в нейтральном положении с секторной конической шестерней, в диске дополнительно на оси установлен промежуточный рычаг и стержень, сектор с внутренним зубчатым зацеплением также выполнен с секторной конической шестерней, механизм фиксации положений рукоятки содержит шаговый диск с выемками под ролик, установленный на валу-шестерне, а на корпусе установлен подпружиненный рычаг с роликом.

УПОР

Упор, относящийся к приводу контроллера, отличающийся тем, что длина предложенного устройства увеличена на угол Δα и составляет 2α+Δα, в результате чего зацепление упора и стопора увеличено в 5 раз, при условии, что при длине упора, равной 2α, величина зацепления упора и стопора составляет в угловых размерах 1/5 угла α.

УСТРОЙСТВО СОЗДАНИЯ ТАКТИЛЬНОГО УСИЛИЯ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

... 1. Устройство создания тактильного усилия в узле ввода машины, в частности вычислительной машины, для воздействия на положение упомянутого узла ввода, установленного с возможностью смещения из заданного положения для ввода информации в машину, отличающееся тем, что оно содержит первое средство создания первого тактильного усилия в упомянутом узле ввода независимо от получаемой от машины информации и второе средство создания второго тактильного усилия в упомянутом узле ввода в соответствии с получаемой от машины информацией. 2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что упомянутое второе средство создания тактильного усилия содержит средства создания магнитной силы в соответствии с получаемой от машины информацией и подвижный элемент, причем средства создания магнитной силы установлены с возможностью воздействия на подвижный элемент. 3. Устройство по п.2, отличающееся тем, что упомянутые средства создания магнитной силы содержат электромагнит и средства подачи электрического тока в электромагнит ...

Устройство для перемещения рукоятки электрического переключателя

Improvements in or relating to means for detaining operating levers in required positions

... 651,239. Locking levers. SMITH & SONS (ENGLAND), Ltd., S., and WOOD, F. H. Dec. 1, 1948, No. 31160. [Class 80(iii)] A detent 16, loaded by a spring blade 20 and having both rectilinear and pivoting movement about a stationary pin 15 engaged in a slot 18 thereof, provides, by an L-shaped slot 17 having a hook-shaped portion 19, an intermediate detaining position between two limiting positions of a lever 12 pivoted at 13 and loaded by a spring 22. In one limiting position, Fig. 1, the spring 20 loads the detent 16 in a clockwise direction, but on clockwise movement of the lever 12 its pin 14 engages the hook 19 to move the detent 16 upwardly to the immediate position, Fig. 4, wherein the spring 20 then loads the detent 16 in an anticlockwise direction following movement of the free end of the spring 20 past the pin 15. The detent 16 moves in this direction on slight reversal of the lever 12 which is then permitted further clockwise movement to the other limiting position, Fig. 6. The Provisional ...

ELECTRIC SWITCH OPERATING MEANS

... 1457506 Electric switch operating handles REYROLLE PARSONS Ltd 10 Dec 1973 [18 Dec 1972] 58427/72 Addition to 1403351 Heading H1N A high voltage switch has an operating shaft 51 that is rotated in opposite directions to open or close the contacts and a handle 30 for rotating the shaft that must be removed from the shaft, turned about its axis and replaced in a different attitude between, being used to rotate the shaft 51 in these opposite directions, to prevent the opening of the switch, if it is accidentally closed on to a fault current, before an automatic circuit breaker can act; the handle comprises an arm 31, and corresponding to the attitudes two cylindrical bores 36, 37 with abutments 39, 40 adjacent each bore having driving surfaces 41, 42 to engage corresponding surfaces 54A, 54B on an end of the shaft or a collar 52 on the end of the shaft. As shown in Fig. 4 bore 37 surrounds shaft 51 and clockwise rotation of the handle 30 brings driving surface 42 of abutment 40 into engagement ...

Dead man's handle

A switch includes an actuating element movable against a biasing force from a rest into a working position. The element is engageable with a member movable under a force of a predetermined magnitude applied thereto between a first position corresponding to the rest position of the element and a second position in which it displaces the element into the working position. The member is provided with a spring for urging the member against the applied force into the first position so as to release the actuating element. The member tends to prematurely move into the first position in response to a slight decrease of the applied force to a lever below the predetermined magnitude. The switch is further provided with an arrangement for preventing the premature movement of the member into the first position until after the applied force decreases below the above-mentioned level.

Delay mechanism

... 875,303. Actuation of switches. OAK MANUFACTURING CO. Sept. 4, 1959 [Sept. 4, 1958], No. 30250/59. Class 38 (5). [Also in Group XXIV] When an operating shaft, e.g. of a switch, is moved from a first position to a second position, it is temporarily held in an intermediate position, from which it is released by a small reverse rotation, whereafter further rotation in the original direction to the second position is possible. The shaft 20 has a cam 60 fixed thereto and loosely carries a lever 31 to which is pivoted a pawl 44 biased clockwise by a spring 70. On rotation from the Fig. 8 position, the cam edge 66 engages a lug 38 on lever 31 and carries the lever and pawl round with the shaft to the Fig. 10 position, movement in this direction being unobstructed by the above-described parts, although it may be delayed by a duplicate unit acting for that direction of rotation. When the shaft is turned back counterclockwise, a hook 65 thereon engages over a part 45 of the pawl and tilts the pawl ...

ROCKER ARM EXTENSION OF A MINIATURSCHALTERS.

ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY FOR ELECTRICAL SWITCHES HOUSED IN AN ENCLOSURE

An actuator assembly for actuating electrical switches housed in an electrical enclosure is disclosed. The assembly includes at least one handle assembly including a handle positioned above a cover of the enclosure, a trip bracket positioned below the cover and a shaft connecting the handle to the trip bracket. At least one slider actuator is slidably mounted over the electrical switch and coupled to a toggle of the electrical switch. The slider actuator has a drive link which is adapted to be engaged with the trip bracket such that rotation of the handle causes the drive link to slide which in turn causes a linear movement of the slider actuator to toggle the electrical switch. The use of the slider actuator allows a higher density of electrical switches to be stacked inside the enclosure.

ACTUATOR ASSEMBLY FOR ELECTRICAL SWITCHES HOUSED IN AN ENCLOSURE

An actuator assembly for actuating electrical switches housed in an electrical enclosure is disclosed. The assembly includes at least one handle assembly including a handle positioned above a cover of the enclosure, a trip bracket positioned below the cover and a shaft connecting the handle to the trip bracket. At least one slider actuator is slidably mounted over the electrical switch and coupled to a toggle of the electrical switch. The slider actuator has a drive link which is adapted to be engaged with the trip bracket such that rotation of the handle causes the drive link to slide which in turn causes a linear movement of the slider actuator to toggle the electrical switch. The use of the slider actuator allows a higher density of electrical switches to be stacked inside the enclosure.

AUXILIARY SWITCH SUB-ASSEMBLY AND ELECTRICAL SWITCHING APPARATUS EMPLOYING THE SAME

An auxiliary switch sub-assembly is provided for a telecommunication system circuit breaker including a housing having an opening, separable contacts inside the housing, and an operating mechanism operating the separable contacts between open and closed positions. The operating mechanism comprises an operating handle operable among a first position corresponding to the separable contacts being open and a second position corresponding to the separable contacts being closed. The operating handle has a first end protruding from the opening of the housing, and a second end. The auxiliary switch sub-assembly includes an auxiliary switch including an actuator, and a mount attaching the auxiliary switch to the operating mechanism of the circuit breaker within the housing thereof. The actuator is mechanically actuated by a portion of the second end of the operating handle. An electrical switching apparatus employing an auxiliary switch sub-assembly is also disclosed.

LOCKING AND SEALING ARRANGEMENT FOR A LOAD SWITCH HANDLE

A handle assembly includes a handle, a handle seal recess and a hub engaging portion A hub has a lock receiving surface and a handle engaging portion. A shaft is receivable within the hub and has first and second ends, the first end engaged with the handle, and the second end rotatable by rotating the grasping portion of the handle. A V-ring is disposed within the handle seal recess and engages the hub to prevent moisture ingress between the handle and the nub. The hub has a seal recess and an X-ring and an O-ring disposed therein to seal against the shaft to prevent moisture ingress between the hub and the shaft Axial pressure applied to the O-ring by the hub engaging portion of the handle causes the O-ring to press against the X-ring to force at least one lone of the X-ring against the central portion of the shaft.

CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM AND SAFETY OPERATING HANDLE FOR A CIRCUIT BREAKER SYSTEM

A circuit breaker system includes an internal operating handle disposed inside an enclosure and coupled to a shaft extending from a circuit breaker. The internal operating handle includes a dog clutch coupled to the shaft and a rotary handle coupled to the dog clutch. The rotary handle is operative to rotate the shaft when the dog clutch is engaged. A safety operating handle system for turning a shaft to operate a circuit breaker includes a rotary handle and a dog clutch having a first clutch member coupled to the rotary handle and having a second clutch member coupled to the shaft. The dog clutch is operative to transmit a rotation of the rotary handle to the shaft when the first clutch member is in an engagement position.

KEY LIGHTING ASSEMBLY

The present disclosure describes key lighting assemblies, electronic devices and keycaps. In one aspect, a key lighting assembly comprises a keycap defining at least one key. The keycap has one or more decorations. The assembly comprises a keycap, defining a key. The keycap has a non-opaque portion to identify the key. The assembly further comprises a light guide which is mounted in spaced relation with the keycap and an optical radiation source optically coupled to the light guide. The assembly further comprises a first opaque layer disposed on a first surface of the light guide. The first opaque layer defines a first opaque layer opening for passing optical radiation from the light guide to the keycap. The first opaque layer opening is located to permit optical radiation to be transmitted from the light guide to the non-opaque portion.

CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER WITH IMPROVED HANDLE INTERCONNECTION

A circuit interrupter including a housing, separable main contacts disposed in the housing, and an operating mechanism disposed in the housing and interconnected with the contacts. The operating mechanism includes a handle having a base into which is formed a channel. The base includes a compressible protrusion that is disposed within the channel. The operating mechanism further includes a handle assembly having a platform that inserts into the channel of the base. The platform includes an indent that mates wit h the protrusion.

Load-switch operation device

DEVICE Of ACTUATION Of AT LEAST a SWITCH HAS SAFETY RENFORCEE

Actuation with hand for electricals appliance of commutation

ELECTRIC APPARATUS WITH DOUBLE MOVEMENT OF CONTACTS HAVING A DEFLECTION DEVICE WITH TWO LEVERS

L'invention propose un appareillage (10) électrique comportant un contact mobile principal (14) et un contact mobile secondaire (16), aptes à se déplacer le long de l'axe principal A de l'appareillage (10), dans lequel le contact mobile principal (14) est relié au contact mobile secondaire (16) par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme de renvoi (20) qui transforme le déplacement du contact mobile principal (14) dans un sens en un déplacement du contact mobile secondaire (16) en sens opposé, caractérisé en ce que le mécanisme de renvoi (20) comporte deux leviers (22, 24) montés pivotants par rapport au bâti fixe (12) autour d'axes de pivotement (B, C) respectifs parallèles, dont chaque levier (22, 24) est relié au contact mobile principal (14) ou au contact mobile secondaire (16) d'une part et à l'autre levier (24, 22) d'autre part.

MULT FUNCTION SWITCH OF AN AUTOMOBILE

ACTUATION APPARATUS FOR A CONTROL SWITCH

An actuation apparatus for a control switch which produces various control signals, in which an actuation arm coupled with the switching member is provided. The actuation arm coupled with the switching member is provided. The actuation arm is pivotable out of a central position of rest about a pivoting shaft counter to the restoring force of a torsion spring provided with free arm. A respective stationary initial stop is provided for each arm for the purpose of fixing the arm position in the position of rest and in which at least one coupler in contact with the free arms is connected with the actuation arm. Copyright 1997 KIPO ...

LOAD BREAK SWITCH

PURPOSE: A load break switch is provided to allow for ease of maintenance and repair, while preventing damages of terminal. CONSTITUTION: A load break switch comprises a frame(10); a mechanism operation unit(20) arranged at a side of the frame; a hydraulic operation unit arranged in the frame in such a manner that the hydraulic operation unit is opposed to the mechanism operation unit; an electronic elastic trigger unit(40) operating the mechanism operation unit through the short-circuiting of the fuse; and a break unit(50) having a plurality of insulators(51,52) fixed on the frame, and a blade(53) interposed between terminals(51a,52a) of the insulators in such a manner that the blade operates by an insulating member(54) so as to selectively connect or disconnect the terminal(52a). The insulating member is arranged to be lifted upward by a link(29), and an output shaft penetrating through the frame is connected to the mechanism operation unit. © KIPO 2004 ...

HEAVY DUTY LIMIT SWITCH

On-off lever of disconnecting switch for power distribution line

The present invention relates to an on-off lever of a disconnecting switch for a power distribution line that can connect or disconnect lines through easy and safe manipulation of the on-off lever. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the on-off lever of the disconnecting switch for the power distribution line, the on-off lever having: a lever body mounted to an end part of a movable member; a shaft hole formed on a first portion of a middle part of the lever body; a locking step provided on a lower part of the lever body such that the locking step is locked to a locking end; a guide hole formed on a second portion of the middle part of the lever body; and a manipulation means provided on an upper part of the lever body.

Switch, circuitry, and method of assembly for electrosurgical pencil

Formation of an assemblage of electrically conductive components for a new electrosurgical pencil is disclosed, and assembly of those components in a method for automating the manufacture and combination of current carrying metal circuitry and operable switching components in electrosurgical pencils which supply current to an active terminal, for application of high frequency or high power electrical current to a surgical site, and control of such current through coaction of the elements of the switch. In manufacture, the design of the switch components allows start-to-finish automated assembly of the switch, in an industry which knows only partially automated assembly, and partial assembly by hand, to create an improved tool for surgical cutting, coagulation, and cauterizing.

Fuel System and Method for Assembling the Same

A fuel system is disclosed. The fuel system includes a fuel tank having a chamber defined by a wall and an electrical circuit associated with the fuel tank. The electrical circuit includes means for determining an amount of fuel disposed within the fuel tank chamber. A portion of the electrical circuit includes a sensor for detecting whether or not the fuel line is properly connected to the fuel tank. A method for assembling a fuel system is also disclosed.

SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT IN DICTATING MACHINES

HANDLE LOCKING DEVICE

ИЗОЛЯЦИОННАЯ ТЯГА

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, в частности к конструкциям изоляционных тяг, применяемых в высоковольтных выключателях. Техническая задача, решаемая предлагаемым изобретением, - повышение прочности изоляционной тяги. Изоляционная тяга содержит изоляционный стержень и закрепленный в изоляционном стержне закладной элемент, посредством которого осуществляется установка изоляционной тяги. Закладной элемент выполнен конусным с уменьшающимся вдоль оси изоляционного стержня к его центру диаметром. Закладной элемент содержит несколько конусных участков, образующих вдоль оси изоляционного стержня ступенчатый профиль и выполненных с уменьшающимися вдоль оси изоляционного стержня к его центру диаметрами. Наружная поверхность изоляционного стержня выполнена оребренной. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил.

КОНТРОЛЛЕР

Предлагаемый контроллер относится к области машиностроения и может быть использован в системах управления транспортными средствами. Он содержит корпус (1), крышку (3), блок датчиков (19, 20), установленный на корпусе (1) и рукоятку (14). Для повышения надежности, уменьшении энергопотребления и тепловыделения в корпусе (1) контроллера установлен с возможностью вращения барабан (4) с упорами (6) и зубчатым сектором внутреннего зацепления (5), причем зубчатый сектор (5) входит в зацепление с установленным в корпусе с возможностью вращения валом-шестерней (8), на котором жестко закреплен диск (9). С одной стороной диска (9) по окружности установлены N магнитов (12), где N - число, равное количеству позиций переключения, а с другой стороны на нем соосно с одним из N магнитов закреплена колонка с одним магнитом (13), напротив N магнитов, установленных на диске, в корпусе закреплены N магнитов (11), причем рукоятка (14), жестко соединенная с подпружиненным фиксатором (16), установлена на барабане ...

КОНТАКТНАЯ СИСТЕМА ВЫКЛЮЧАТЕЛЯ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОГО

... 1. Контактная система выключателя автоматического, состоящая, по меньшей мере, из одного неподвижного и, по меньшей мере, из одного подвижного контакта, закрепленного в полости контактной траверсы посредством контактной пружины, выполненной в виде пружины кручения, отличающаяся тем, что подвижный контакт снабжен изолирующим элементом, охватывающим нижнюю и боковые поверхности подвижного контакта.2. Контактная система выключателя автоматического по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что изолирующий элемент может быть закреплен посредством заклепок, выполненных из немагнитопроводящего материала.3. Контактная система выключателя автоматического по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что изолирующий элемент может быть закреплен на контактодержателе посредством защелок, входящих в зацепление с поверхностью подвижного контакта.

КОНТРОЛЛЕР

Изобретение относится к области машиностроения и может быть использовано в системах управления транспортными средствами. Техническим результатом является повышение его помехозащищенности, увеличение надежности и срока службы. Контроллер содержит корпус, крышку, рукоятку блок датчиков, подпружиненный фиксатор и вал. Для достижения технического результата в корпусе контроллера установлен барабан с жестко закрепленным на нем упором и пазом с фигурным профилем, причем паз выполнен либо на одной, либо на обеих сторонах барабана. На валу в барабане подвижно закреплена вилка, соединенная с рукояткой, в которой установлены подпружиненные толкатель и стержень, опирающийся верхним концом на толкатель, а нижним - в упор. Подпружиненные фиксаторы расположены на внутренней поверхности вилки. Блок датчиков установлен на корпусе контроллера. Магнит закреплен на внешней поверхности вилки так, что в рабочем положении рукоятки он расположен с зазором напротив соответствующего магниточувствительного датчика ...

Коммутационное устройство

DEVICE COMPRISING A CONDUCTIVE SURFACE AND A CONDUCTIVE POLYMER FOR ADHESION OF CELLS AND TISSUE

The present disclosure relates to a device comprising a conductive substrate surface (), at least one layer of a conductive polymer () deposited on the surface (), a first electrolyte () arranged in contact with the conductive polymer layer, and a counter electrode (), arranged in contact with the first electrolyte (), such that a potential difference can be applied between the conductive substrate () and the counter electrode (). 1. A device comprising:a conductive substrate surface,at least one layer of a conductive polymer,a first electrolyte arranged in contact with the conductive polymer layer, and the conductive polymer, in a first state, before applying the potential difference, exhibits a first adhesive capacity, wherein the conductive polymer layer is substantially attached to the conductive substrate surface; and', 'the conductive polymer, in a second state, subsequent to application of the potential difference, exhibits a second adhesive capacity, whereby at least a portion of the conductive polymer layer is substantially released from the conductive substrate surface., 'a counter electrode, arranged in contact with the first electrolyte, such that a potential difference can be applied between the conductive substrate and the counter electrode, wherein'}2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a rate of release is controllable by a magnitude of the potential difference applied.3. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises an additional material layer claim 1 , arranged between the conductive polymer layer and the first electrolyte.4. The device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the additional material comprises cells or tissue.5. The device as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the device further comprises a second electrolyte arranged between the conductive polymer layer and the additional material layer.6. The device as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the second electrolyte is a solid electrolyte layer.7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. ...

DEVICE FOR VIRAL INACTIVATION OF LIQUID MEDIA

An apparatus () capable of viral inactivation of liquid media includes at least one coaxial cylinder () constructed of an outer cylinder () and an inner cylinder (), a liquid media inlet (), at least one emitter of type C ultraviolet radiation (), and a liquid media outlet (). The inner cylinder has an outer diameter adapted to form a gap () between the outer diameter of the inner cylinder and the inner diameter of the outer cylinder. The media flows in a substantially cyclonic flow path along the gap. The at least one emitter of type C ultraviolet radiation is placed inside the inner cylinder. The outlet is connected to the outer cylinder at, or proximal to, an end of the outer cylinder opposite the inlet. 1. An apparatus capable of viral inactivation of cell culture media comprising: i) an outer cylinder having a length, an inner diameter, and an outer diameter;', 'ii) an inner cylinder coaxial with the outer cylinder, having a length substantially equal to the length of the outer cylinder and having an outer diameter adapted to form a gap between the outer diameter of the inner cylinder and the inner diameter of the outer cylinder through which the cell culture media flows in a substantially cyclonic flow path along the gap;, 'a) at least one coaxial cylinder comprisingb) a cell culture media inlet connected to the outer cylinder proximal to an end of the outer cylinder and configured to flow the cell culture media along the substantially cyclonic flow path along the gap;c) at least one emitter of type C ultraviolet radiation placed inside the inner cylinder so as to emit the type C ultraviolet radiation towards the cell culture media to be treated with the type C ultraviolet radiation and thereby inactivate viruses in the cell culture media; andd) a cell culture media outlet connected to the outer cylinder proximal to an end of the outer cylinder opposite the inlet.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the cell culture media flows along the gap at a flow rate in ...

Alternating Electric Current Directs, Enhances, and Accelerates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Into Either Osteoblasts or Chondrocytes But Not Adipocytes

A method for directing, enhancing, and accelerating mesenchymal stem cell functions using alternating electric current. Mesenchymal stem cells are preferentially directed to either osteoblast or chondrocyte lineages, but not to the adipocyte lineage. when exposed to alternating electric current. 1. A method for directing , enhancing , and accelerating mesenchymal stem cell functions , comprising the steps of:culturing mesenchymal stem cells within a three-dimensional matrix or scaffold:exposing mesenchy mal stem cells to alternating electric current.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mesenchymal stemcell function is differentiation.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mesenchymal ate cells are differentiated to either osteoblast or chondrocyte lineages.4. The method of wherein the three-dimensional matrix or scaffold is current-conducting.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional matrix is a collagen hydrogel.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alternating electric current is a current level pertinent to directing claim 1 , enhancing claim 1 , and accelerating the desired mesenchymal stem cell function.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alternating electric current is a current in the range from 10 μA to 40 μA.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alternating electric current is a frequency pertinent to directing claim 1 , enhancing. and accelerating the target mesenchymal stem cell function.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alternating electric current is a frequency of 10 Hz.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alternating electric current is a waveform pertinent to directing claim 1 , enhancing claim 1 , and accelerating the target mesenchymal stem cell function.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alternating electric current is of a sinusoidal waveform.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alternating electric current is for either a continuous or intermittent pattern and a duration of application pertinent to directing ...

FOREIGN GENE TRANSFER METHOD BY ELECTROPORATION TECHNIQUE

Provided is a method for transferring an extraneous gene by an electroporation technique, which is applicable to a wide range of animal cells and is extremely remarkably improved in viability and gene transferring rate. Also provided is a method for transferring an extraneous gene by an electroporation technique with high viability and gene transferring rate even in the case where no specialized transferring buffer is used. Also provided are: a method for transferring an extraneous gene by an electroporation technique, which is remarkably improved in viability and gene transferring rate, the method including continuously applying, to an animal cell, a first electric pulse (strong electric pulse) and a second electric pulse (weak electric pulse) under specific conditions; and a method for transferring an extraneous gene by an electroporation technique, in which a liquid medium capable of being used for culturing of the animal cell is used as a transferring buffer. 1. A method for transferring an extraneous gene into an animal cell by an electroporation technique , the method comprising: applying , to the animal cell , a first electric pulse having an electric field strength of at least 300 V/cm such that a total calorie strength is 0.2 to 40 J/100 μL; and applying a second electric pulse having an electric field strength of at least 15 V/cm or more such that a calorie strength per pulse is 0.01 to 5 J/100 μl.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the second electric pulse is performed two or more times.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the second electric pulse is performed less than one minute after the applying of the first electric pulse.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the animal cell is a mammalian cell.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the animal cell is an animal cell suspended in a solution.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the solution comprises a liquid medium suitable for culturing the animal cell.7. The method of claim 1 , ...

Microswitch

Provided is a microswitch wherein the versatility of a lever member can be prevented from being reduced while the rigidity of the lever member is improved. The microswitch is provided with a housing containing a switch mechanism, a plunger which transmits power to the switch mechanism, and a lever member, the base end of which is supported by the housing. In the microswitch, the tip end of the plunger abuts with the bottom surface of the lever member at an intermediate position in the longitudinal direction of the lever member, and an object to be detected can abut with the top surface of the lever member on the tip end side of the lever member. Further, a first reinforcement portion is formed on the top surface of the lever member, excluding an object abutment portion with which the object to be detected is to be abutted, and a second reinforcement portion is formed on the bottom surface of the lever member, excluding a plunger abutment portion

Systems and Methods for Increasing Growth of Biomass Feedstocks

Methods and systems for developing and bio-refining or processing biomass feedstocks into a spectrum of bio-based products which can be used as a substitute for fossil oil derivatives in various types of product manufacturing processes and/or the production of bio-energy are disclosed. In addition, methods and systems for identifying, measuring and controlling key parameters in relation to specific biomass developing processes and bio-refining processes so as to maximize the efficiency and efficacy of such processes while standardizing the underlying parameters to facilitate and enhance large-scale production of bio-based products and/or bio-energy are disclosed. 1. A method of increasing biomass feedstock production yield by exposing the biomass feedstock to an electromagnetic field.2. A system of increasing biomass feedstock production yield , the system having two or more electrodes being configured to expose the biomass feedstock to an electromagnetic field.3. The system and method of and , wherein the electromagnetic field is of a magnitude lower than that which would cause electrolysis within a liquid medium containing the biomass feedstock.4. A method of increasing growth of photosynthetic organisms in a liquid medium , comprising exposing:providing a liquid medium containing photosynthetic organisms; andexposing the liquid medium to an electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic field having a lower magnitude than that which would cause electrolysis within the liquid medium.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein exposing the liquid medium to an electromagnetic field further comprises disposing at least two electrodes within the liquid medium and providing a voltage differential between the at least two electrodes.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the voltage differential is less than or equal to 1.23 V when the liquid medium is substantially a salt water medium.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the voltage differential is less than or equal to 1.8 V when the ...

Circuit breaker provided with mechanical trip mechanism

A circuit breaker having a mechanical trip mechanism enabling a circuit breaker to perform an emergency manual trip operation is provided. The circuit breaker includes: a fixed contactor connected to a circuit; a movable contactor movable to a closed state in which the movable contactor is in contact with the fixed contactor and a broken state in which the movable contactor is separated from the fixed contactor, an opening and closing mechanism configured to convert a rotational motion of a plurality of links and a rotational shaft to enable the movable contactor to be brought into contact with the fixed contactor or separated therefrom; a trip latch locked to or unlocked from a main link provided in the opening and closing mechanism; and an OFF button configured to rotate the trip latch to unlock the trip latch from the main link when manually pressed.

LEVER SWITCH

A lever switch includes a case, a lever, a wiring board, a sliding body, and a movable contact. The wiring board has fixed contacts and is disposed at an opposite side to the lever with respect to the case. The sliding body has a sliding part and a second arm part having a supporting portion, and is disposed between the case and the wiring board. The movable contact is mounted to the sliding part and has an end to be brought into contact with the fixed contact. A first arm part of the lever extends from the main body part through the case and the wiring board. The second arm part extends from the wiring board through the sliding part. The holding portion and the supporting portion are engaged with each other at an opposite side to the case with respect to the wiring board. 1. A lever switch comprising:a case;a lever having an operating part, a main body part, and a first arm part having a holding portion at a tip thereof, the main body part being rotatably mounted to the case;a wiring board having a fixed contact and being disposed at an opposite side of the case with respect to the operating part;a sliding body having a sliding part, and a second arm part having a supporting portion at a tip thereof and being disposed between the case and the wiring board; anda movable contact mounted to the sliding part and having an end to be brought into contact with the fixed contact,wherein the first arm part extends from the main body part through the case and the wiring board,the second arm part extends from the sliding part through the wiring board, andthe holding portion and the supporting portion are engaged with each other at an opposite side of the case with respect to the wiring board.2. The lever switch of claim 1 ,wherein the end of the movable contact has a plurality of contact portions including a first contact portion and a second contact portion,the fixed contact is one of a plurality of fixed contacts including a first fixed contact and a second fixed contact, ...

ELECTROPORATION ELECTRODE CONFIGURATION AND METHODS

Provided herein are the concept that “singularity-based configuration” electrodes design and method can produce in an ionic substance local high electric fields with low potential differences between electrodes. The singularity-based configuration described here includes: an anode electrode; a cathode electrode; and an insulator disposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. The singularity-based electrode design concept refers to electrodes in which the anode and cathode are adjacent to each other, placed essentially co-planar and are separated by an insulator. The essentially co-planar anode/insulator/cathode configuration bound one surface of the volume of interest and produce desired electric fields locally, i.e., in the vicinity of the interface between the anode and cathode. In an ideal configuration, the interface dimension between the anode and the cathode tends to zero and becomes a point of singularity. 1. A singularity-based electrode configuration , comprising:an anode electrode;a cathode electrode; andan insulator disposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, wherein the anode electrode, insulator, and cathode electrode are positioned co-planar with respect to one another.2. The singularity-based electrode configuration of claim 1 , further comprising:an ionic substance in contact with the anode electrode, insulator, and cathode electrode.3. The singularity-based electrode configuration of claim 1 , wherein the insulator separates the anode electrode from the cathode electrode by between five nanometers and five microns.4. The singularity-based electrode configuration of claim 1 , wherein the insulator separates the anode electrode from the cathode electrode by between 50 nanometers and two microns.5. The singularity-based electrode configuration of claim 1 , wherein the insulator separates the anode electrode from the cathode electrode by about 100 nm.6. The singularity-based electrode configuration of claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR INDUCING DIFFERENTIATION OF ADULT STEM CELLS AND NERVE CELLS USING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

The present invention relates to a method for differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells or dental pulp stem cells. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for differentiating stem cells to neural cells by applying mesenchymal stem cells or dental pulp stem cells with a low-frequency electromagnetic field. The differentiation method according to the present invention can induce differentiation even with low-cost mediums rather than induced neural differentiation mediums which are expensive due to addition of growth factors, and the neural cells differentiated according to the present invention may be useful for treatment of neurological brain diseases. 18.-. (canceled)9. A method for differentiation of mesenchymal stern cells or adult stem cells into neural cells comprising applying an electromagnetic field to the mesenchymal stem cells or adult stem cells.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the neural cells comprises astrocytes or oligodendrocytes.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the electromagnetic field is applied at a frequency of 1 to 1000 Hz.12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the electromagnetic field is applied at a flux density of 1 to 5 mT.13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mesenchymal stem cells are derived from bone marrow claim 9 , adipose claim 9 , or umbilical cord.14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the adult stem cells are dental pulp stem cells.15. A composition for treatment of neurological diseases comprising the neural cells differentiated by the method of .16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the neurological diseases is Alzheimer's disease claim 15 , depression claim 15 , Parkinson's disease claim 15 , cerebral infarction claim 15 , cerebral hemorrhage claim 15 , or spinal cord injuries.17. A method of treating a patient comprising administering the neural cells of to the patient. The present invention relates to a method for differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells or adult stem cells. More specifically, the present ...

METHOD FOR INDUCING DIFFERENTIATION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS TO NERVE CELLS USING SOUND WAVES

The present invention relates to a method for differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for differentiating mesenchymal stem cells to neural cells by treating the mesenchymal stem cells with low-frequency sound waves. The differentiation method of the present invention can induce differentiation even with low-cost media rather than induced neural differentiation mediums which are expensive due to addition of growth factors, and the neural cells differentiated according to the present invention may be useful for treatment of neurological diseases. 18.-. (canceled)9. A method for differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells comprising applying a sound wave to the mesenchymal stem cells.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sound wave is applied at a frequency of 1 to 500 Hz.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sound wave is applied at a frequency of 30 to 300 Hz.12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sound wave is applied at an intensity of 0.1 to 5 V.13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the sound wave is applied at an intensity of 0.5 to 3 V.14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the mesenchymal stem cells are derived from bone marrow claim 9 , fat claim 9 , umbilical cord blood claim 9 , or umbilical cord.15. A composition for treatment of neurological diseases comprising the neural cells differentiated by the method of .16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the neurological diseases is Alzheimer's disease claim 15 , depression claim 15 , Parkinson's disease claim 15 , cerebral infarction claim 15 , cerebral hemorrhage claim 15 , or spinal cord injury.171. A method of treating a patient comprising administering the neural cells of claim to a patient. The present invention relates to a method for differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells by applying a sound wave of a ...

Continuous Flow Bioreactor for Magnetically Stabilized Three-Dimensional Tissue Culture

The invention provides methods for rapid, continuous generation of cells and cell products using magnetically stabilized three-dimensional tissue culture. The invention also pertains to a continuous flow self-regulating closed system bioreactor system for magnetically stabilized three-dimensional tissue culture. The methods described here do not use traditional solid scaffolding for cell culture. 1. A bioreactor for culturing cells , comprising:a vessel,an apparatus for conveying fluids,magnetic beads having cells attached thereon, andan apparatus for conveying a magnetic field.2. The bioreactor of claim 1 , further comprisingan apparatus for dialysis, andan apparatus for harvesting.3. The bioreactor of further comprising an apparatus for photoelectrochemical processing.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The bioreactor of claim 1 , where the magnetic bead size is 100 nm to 10 μm.7. The bioreactor of claim 1 , wherein more than one type of cell is attached.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)9a. (canceled)9b. (canceled)10. A system for cultivating cells claim 1 , comprising:a bioreactor,magnetic beads having cells attached thereon,an apparatus for conveying a magnetic field, andan apparatus for conveying a continuous flow of fluids, wherein the cells are controlled by the magnetic field and the flow of fluids.11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. A method for culturing cells in a bioreactor comprising:providing cells attached to magnetic beads,acting upon the cells with a fluid,acting upon the cells with a magnetic field, andallowing the cells to grow and proliferate.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cells form a tissue.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the tissue has a lumen.16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cells are grown without scaffolding.17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cells are mammalian cells.18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the mammalian cells are selected from lymphocytes claim 17 , smooth muscle cells claim 17 , stem cells claim 17 , cardiac cells ...

SWITCHING UNIT FOR AN ELECTRICAL SWITCHING DEVICE

A switching unit for an electrical switching device, in particular an electrical circuit breaker, is disclosed. The switching unit includes a switching lock with a switching mechanism and a rotor housing with a contact arm disposed therein for opening and closing contacts during a rotation of the rotor housing about a rotation axis. In an embodiment, at least one lever apparatus is functionally connected at its upper end by way of the switching mechanism and at its lower end by way of a connecting pin to a face of the rotor housing. 1. A switching unit for an electrical switching device , comprising:a switching lock including a switching mechanism and a rotor housing with a contact arm disposed therein for opening and closing contacts during a rotation of the rotor housing about a rotation axis; andat least one lever apparatus, functionally connected at an upper end to the switching mechanism and functionally connected at a lower end by way of a connecting pin to a face of the rotor housing.2. The switching unit of claim 1 , wherein the connecting pin is configured as a separate component from the at least one lever apparatus and the rotor housing.3. The switching unit of claim 2 , wherein a pin holder is disposed on at least one face of the rotor housing claim 2 , the pin holder being configured to accommodate the connecting pin.4. The switching unit of claim 2 , wherein the at least one lever apparatus includes a passage at the lower end claim 2 , configured to accommodate the connecting pin.5. The switching unit of claim 1 , wherein the connecting pin extends at least in segments along a pin axis claim 1 , disposed parallel or essentially parallel to the rotation axis of the rotor housing.6. The switching unit of claim 1 , wherein the connecting pin extends along a pin axis claim 1 , disposed at a distance from the rotation axis of the rotor housing.7. The switching unit of claim 1 , wherein the at least one lever apparatus includes two lever apparatuses claim 1 ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE CHAPERONE ACTIVITY OF PEROXIREDOXINS USING IRRADIATION

The present invention relates to a method for increasing chaperone activity by irradiating peroxiredoxin (Prx) proteins. More particularly, the present invention may be useful for preparing recombinant proteins imparting resistance against various environmental stresses by increasing the chaperone activity of peroxiredoxin, since it has been observed that irradiated peroxiredoxin has enhanced chaperone activity characteristics, wherein an α-helix structure decreases while a β-sheet structure increases, from analysis results of a protein structure change and chaperone activity after irradiating two types of peroxiredoxins (2-Cys, 3-Cys) which are two active cysteine motifs of peroxiredoxin. 1. A method for increasing chaperone activity by irradiating peroxiredoxin protein.2. The method for increasing chaperone activity according to claim 1 , wherein the peroxiredoxin protein is 2-Cys peroxiredoxin having two or three cysteine residues.3. The method for increasing chaperone activity according to claim 2 , wherein the peroxiredoxin protein has the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ. ID. NO: 1 or SEQ. ID. NO: 2.4. The method for increasing chaperone activity according to claim 1 , wherein the radiation is selected from the group consisting of gamma ray claim 1 , electron beam (beta ray) claim 1 , and UV.5. The method for increasing chaperone activity according to claim 4 , wherein the dose of gamma ray is 1˜500 kGy.6. The method for increasing chaperone activity according to claim 4 , wherein the dose of gamma ray is 1˜30 kGy.7. The method for increasing chaperone activity according to claim 4 , wherein the dose of UV is 5˜240 W.8. A peroxiredoxin protein with increased chaperone activity prepared by the method of .910-. (canceled)11. A method for increasing chaperone activity by the gamma ray or UV irradiating 2-Cys or 3-cys peroxiredoxin protein having two or three cysteine residues.12. The method for increasing chaperone activity according to claim 11 , wherein ...

Light-Activated Chimeric Opsins and Methods of Using the Same

Provided herein are compositions comprising light-activated chimeric proteins expressed on plasma membranes and methods of using the same to selectively depolarize excitatory or inhibitory neurons. 151.-. (canceled)52. An isolated light-responsive chimeric polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence having at least about 85% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1.53. The chimeric polypeptide of claim 52 , wherein the polypeptide is activated by light of a wavelength between about 540 nm to about 560 nm.54. The chimeric polypeptide of claim 52 , further comprising a C-terminal trafficking signal.55. The chimeric polypeptide of claim 54 , wherein the trafficking signal comprises the amino acid sequence KSRITSEGEYIPLDQIDINV (SEQ ID NO:15).56. The chimeric polypeptide of claim 52 , wherein the light-responsive chimeric polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 90% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1.57. The chimeric polypeptide of claim 52 , wherein the light-responsive chimeric polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence having at least about 95% amino acid sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1.58. An isolated polynucleotide comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the polypeptide of .59. The isolated polynucleotide of claim 58 , wherein the nucleotide sequence is operably linked to a promoter.60. The polynucleotide of claim 58 , wherein the polynucleotide is an expression vector.61. The polynucleotide of claim 60 , wherein the expression vector is a viral vector.62. A mammalian cell comprising the polynucleotide of claim 58 , wherein the light-responsive chimeric polypeptide is present in the cell membrane.63. The mammalian cell of claim 62 , wherein the cell is a neuronal cell claim 62 , a muscle cell claim 62 , or a stem cell.64. The mammalian cell of claim 62 , wherein the cell is an excitatory neuronal cell or an ...

MODIFICATION OF MICROALGAE FOR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

Genetically engineered algae strains for biofuels and bioproduct production have improved iron utilization including iron uptake and storage, and exhibit improved growth characteristics, magnetic separation, and magnetic hysteresis induced cell lysis. Pond production algal strain embodiments with high iron scavenging capabilities limit iron availability to contaminating microorganisms and invading species. Accumulation of high iron and other paramagnetic elements content in the form of ferritin enhances the cells magnetic susceptibility improving efficiency of magnetic separation and magnetic hysteresis induced cell lysis. Several genes of the embodiments are capable of improving iron acquisition including the ferritin gene fer1, iron transport gene fea1, and iron reductase gene fre1. Other genes which improve growth in the high iron conditions permitting higher accumulation of iron include radical scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the Ferritin like DPR/DPS genes which also bind iron and protect DNA from reactive oxygen species. 1. A method of separating genetically modified algae from an associated suspending liquid medium , the method comprising:modifying wild-type algae so that one or more cellular iron assimilation components are enhanced under control of a constitutive or regulated promoter to produce genetically modified algae in an associated suspending liquid medium; and,exposing the genetically modified algae to an associated magnetic field to magnetically separate the genetically modified algae from an associated suspending liquid medium.2. The method of wherein the modifying comprises:modifying the algae to tolerate growth under high iron conditions through introduction of genes involved in alleviating iron stress including reactive oxygen species production.3. The method of wherein the introduction of genes comprises:an introduction of reactive oxygen species responsive genes belonging to ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR UNIFORMLY TREATING ADHERENT CELLS

The invention relates to a method for subjecting adherent cells to at least one electric field, in which the electric field is generated by applying a voltage to at least two active electrodes wherein at least three electrodes are provided, and wherein at least two electrodes are active electrodes when the voltage is applied in order to generate a first electric field, and in which at least one second electric field is generated, wherein at least one of the two previously active electrodes is a potential-free electrode when the voltage is applied. The invention further relates to a device comprising at least three electrodes which are connected to at least one voltage source by means of at least one switching device wherein at least five electrodes are connected to the at least one voltage source by means of four switching devices wherein at least two electrodes are connected to the voltage source by means of a common switching device In conjunction with the method described above, the device according to the invention allows the efficient and uniform treatment of adherent cells using an electric field, wherein the switch between active and potential-free electrodes can be carried out quickly and safely using a lower number of switching devices. 1. Method for applying at least one electric field to adherent cells , in which the electric field is generated by applying a voltage to at least two active electrodes , comprisingproviding at least three electrodes wherein at least two of said electrodes are active electrodes when the voltage is applied for generating a first electric field, and that at least a second electric field is generated, wherein at least one of the two former active electrodes is a floating electrode when the voltage is applied.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein as many electric fields as necessary are generated during generation of further electric fields to make at least once floating electrodes out of all electrodes that have been ...

METHOD AND ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY FOR TREATING ADHERENT CELLS

The invention relates to an electrode assembly in particular for applying at least one electric field to adherent cells, comprising at least two electrodes each having at least one surface which is arranged opposite the corresponding surface of the other electrode wherein an electrically insulating material is arranged at least partially between the surfaces of the electrodes The solution according to the invention allows the electric field to be concentrated in the region of the cells to be treated such that a voltage pulse, or the current produced thereby, flows through the cells without the majority flowing away over the cells unused in the electrolyte. The invention further relates to a method for applying at least one electric field to adherent cells, in which the electric field is generated by applying a voltage to at least two electrodes, the electric field is concentrated on the side of the electrodes which faces the cells and/or is limited to the space between the cells and the side of the electrodes which faces the cells. 1. Electrode arrangement comprisingat least two electrodes which each include at least one area being disposed face to face with the corresponding area of the respective other electrode, wherein an electrically isolating material is at least partially disposed between the areas of the electrodes.2. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein at least three electrodes are provided.3. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are formed like a plate or pin.4. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the areas are lateral surfaces of electrode plates that are disposed coplanar.5. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the areas are completely separated from each other by the isolating material.6. The electrode arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein the space between the electrodes defined by the areas of the electrodes is completely filled by the isolating ...

ELECTROPORATION-INDUCED ELECTROSENSITIZATION

Methods of enhancing membrane permeabilization in a cell are provided. A method includes disposing the cell between a first electrode and a second electrode and applying a plurality of electrical pulses between the first electrode and the second electrode. In the method, the plurality of electrical pulses include at least two trains of pulses separated by an interval greater than about 10 s. Further, the amplitude of the electrical pulses is selected to be greater than about 0.2 kV/cm. 1. A method of enhancing membrane permeabilization in at least one cell , comprising:(a) disposing the at least one cell between a first electrode and a second electrode; and(b) applying a plurality of electrical pulses between the first electrode and the second electrode,wherein the plurality of electrical pulses comprise at least two trains of pulses separated by an interval, and wherein an amplitude of the electrical pulses is greater than about 0.2 kV/cm.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a duration of time for the plurality of pulses is between about 10 s and 1000 s.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amplitude is between about 0.2 kV/cm and 15 kV/cm.4. The method claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrical pulses comprises less than about 1500 pulses.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interval is at least 10 s.8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interval is between about 10 s and 30 minutes.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least two trains of pulses comprise a first train of one or more electrical pulses and a second train of one or more electrical pulses.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first train and the second train are substantially the same.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first train and the second train are different.13. The method of claim 10 , wherein a number of electrical pulses in the first train comprises 25% to 75% of the plurality of electrical pulses.14. (canceled)15. The method of ...

MOLECULAR DELIVERY WITH NANOWIRES

A molecular delivery device including a plurality of nanowires (e.g., Si NWs) coated with an electrically conductive layer. Also disclosed are methods for delivering a molecule by nanowire-mediated electroporation. 2. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the nanowires is attached to the surface along a substantially vertical direction to the surface.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the nanowires is formed of a semiconductor claim 1 , a compound semiconductor claim 1 , a metal oxide claim 1 , a metal claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , boron nitride claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the semiconductor is silicon.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the nanowires is 20-10 claim 1 ,000 nm in height and 10-500 nm in diameter.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the height is 100-5 claim 5 ,000 nm and the diameter is 50-250 nm.7. The device of claim 6 , wherein the height is 800-1 claim 6 ,200 nm and the diameter is 70-180 nm.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive layer is formed of a metal claim 1 , a metal oxide claim 1 , a semiconductor claim 1 , a compound semicoductor claim 1 , a metal nitride claim 1 , or combination thereof.9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the density of the nanowires is 0.05-10 μm.10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the density is 0.1-5 μm.11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the density is 0.2-2 μm.12. A method of delivering a molecule to a cell claim 10 , the method comprising:providing a substrate having a surface and a plurality of nanowires attached to the surface, wherein both the substrate and nanowires are electrically conductive;contacting the nanowires with the cell to allow penetration of one or more nanowires into the cell, wherein the cell is immersed in a bath solution containing the molecule; andapplying a current or voltage waveform between the substrate and an electrode in the bath solution, whereby the molecule enters into the cell through transiently formed ...

Method, Device and System for Targetted Cell Lysis

A method, device and system employs particles, such as nanoparticles, and an electric or electro-magnetic field, to cause cell death in target cells by non-thermal means. The method of causing targeted cell death comprises the steps of: introducing a particle to the interior of a target cell and exposing the target cell to a transient electromagnetic field for a sufficient time interval in order to cause cell death. The invention overcomes problems associated with similar methods as a result of the fact that a smaller electric field is applied because the particle enhances the effect of the electric field in its immediate vicinity, so reducing the field strength needed to achieve cell lysis and thereby reducing the risk of damage to healthy cells that may be in its vicinity. Apparatus for performing the method; as well as techniques of delivering particles and for producing particles are also described. 1. A method of causing targeted cell death by a non-thermal mechanism comprising:introducing a particle to an interior of a target cell; andexposing said target cell to an electric field for a sufficient time interval to cause cell death.2. A method of causing targeted cell death by a non-thermal mechanism according to claim 1 , wherein:said particle in said target cell, and said electric field, are selected so as to cause irreversible electroporation of said target cell.3. A method of causing targeted cell death by a non-thermal mechanism according to claim 1 , further comprising:adhering a second particle on, or adjacent, an exterior surface of said target cell.4. A method of causing targeted cell death by a non-thermal mechanism claim 1 , comprising:introducing at least two particles outside a target cell; andexposing said target cell to a transient electromagnetic field for a time interval sufficient to cause cell death;whereby said at least two particles act co-operatively to cause said cell death.5. A method of causing targeted cell death by a non-thermal ...

Methods for Culturing Cells in an Alternating Ionic Magnetic Resonance (AIMR) Multiple-Chambered Culture Apparatus

Provided herein are methods for culturing cells, tissues or organoid bodies in the presence of a pulsating alternating ionic magnetic resonance field and models comprising a tissue-like assembly of the cells so cultured. The cells, tissues or organoid bodies are introduced into a culture unit comprising growth and nutrient modules in which the gravity vector of the growth unit is continually randomized and cultured in the presence of the alternating ionic magnetic resonance field. 1. A method for culturing cells , comprising the steps of:introducing cells into a culture unit having a growth module and a nutrient module;randomizing continually the gravity vector of the growth module; andapplying a pulsating alternating ionic magnetic resonance field to the growth module during culturing of the cells.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the introducing step comprises:placing the cells into the growth module;filling the growth module with growth media;sealing the growth module to remove observable gases;attaching the growth module to the nutrient module; andadding fresh growth medium to the nutrient module.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the randomizing step comprises:positioning the nutrient module comprising the culture unit into a randomizing adapter; andrandomizing the gravity vector via a randomizing mechanism comprising the randomizing adapter.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying step comprises:positioning the growth module comprising the culture unit into an electromagnetic chamber; andgenerating the pulsating alternating ionic magnetic resonance field in the electromagnetic chamber.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:modulating the alternating ionic magnetic resonance field to produce overlapping or fluctuating alternating ionic magnetic resonance frequencies at one or more modal intervals spanning about 6.5 Hz and ranging from about 7.8 Hz to about 59.9 Hz.6. The culture system of claim 5 , wherein the overlapping or ...

Alternating Ionic Magnetic Resonance (AIMR) Multiple-Chambered Culture Apparatus

Provided herein are a culture apparatus, culture systems and an alternating ionic magnetic resonance electromagnetic chamber for culturing cells, tissues or organoid bodies or for delivering a pulsating alternating ionic magnetic resonance field to an object of interest including the above or to an animal, human or plant. The culture apparatus comprises a culture unit having growth and nutrient modules and a randomizing adapter to continually randomize the gravity vector in the growth module. The culture systems further comprise the alternating ionic magnetic resonance electromagnetic chamber. 1. A culture apparatus for growing cells , comprising:means for containing the cells in a growth environment; andmeans for continually randomizing the gravity vector in the growth environment.2. The culture apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the means for containing the cells is a culture unit comprising a nutrient module and growth module in fluid contact claim 1 , said cells contained within the growth module.3. The culture apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the nutrient module comprises:an open-ended body having a proximal end with a diameter of a length to receive the growth module therein; anda distal end comprising a first sealable opening.4. The culture apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the proximal end of the nutrient module comprises a first gas-permeable membrane with a gas port disposed thereon.5. The culture apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the growth module comprises:a body having a proximal end comprising a second gas-permeable membrane with a plurality of inlet/outlet ports disposed thereon; anda distal end comprising a baffling system and a semi-permeable membrane in fluid contact with the first gas-permeable membrane.6. The culture apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the means for continually randomizing the gravity vector in the growth environment comprises a randomizing adapter having an open proximal end of a diameter sufficient in length to receive the culture unit therein ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR CONTINUOUS HARVESTING OF SUSPENSION GROWTH CULTURES

Embodiments herein concern compositions, methods and uses for harvesting suspension cultures or decontaminating waters. In certain embodiments, suspension microorganism cultures can comprise algal cultures. In some embodiments, harvesting suspension cultures may include using a composition capable of interacting with the culture in order to separate the culture from a liquid or media. 1. A method for harvesting a suspension of an organism in a liquid , comprising:adding a magnesium agent to the suspension to produce a flocculant comprising the organism and the magnesium agent;separating the flocculant from the liquid; andharvesting the organism.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the flocculant is produced at a pH about 9.0 to pH about 11.5.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium agent is a positively-charged agent comprising a magnesium hydroxide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating step comprises adding a negatively charged magnetic particle and exposing the flocculant to a magnetic field.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein harvesting the organism occurs after the flocculant is exposed to a reduced pH of about 6.0 to about 7.5.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:adding a negatively charged non-magnetic material to the suspension to produce a complex comprising the flocculant and the negatively charged non-magnetic material; andallowing the complex to settle out of the suspension.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the negatively charged non-magnetic material is selected from silica claim 6 , tungsten claim 6 , aluminum claim 6 , aluminum hydroxides claim 6 , copper claim 6 , allay claim 6 , rare earth materials claim 6 , ceramic materials claim 6 , clay claim 6 , glass claim 6 , calcium claim 6 , and carbon claim 6 , organic materials and composite materials.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the negatively charged non-magnetic material has a particle size of 0.5 μm to 10 μm.9. The method of claim 6 , further comprising harvesting the ...

Producing Algae Biomass Having Reduced Concentration Of Contaminants

The present invention is generally directed to a system for producing an algae biomass and wastewater that have reduced concentrations of contaminants. The algae and wastewater treated by the system of the present invention can be combined in a heterotrophic growth system in which the growth of the algae is increased due to the reduced concentration of contaminants. The algae grown in this manner also has a longer shelf life due to the lack of contaminants within the harvested algae. 1. A method for producing an algae biomass and wastewater having a reduced concentration of contaminants for use in a heterotrophic growth system , the method comprising:supplying a growth medium containing suspended algae into a first flocculation tank, the first flocculation tank comprising a reactor tube for creating an electric field within the growth medium, the electric field causing the algae to flocculate;transferring the growth medium containing flocculated algae into a first flotation tank, the first flotation tank comprising a tank containing a plurality of electrodes which cause the formation of gas bubbles which attach to the flocculated algae and lift the flocculated algae to the surface of the growth medium;removing the floating algae from the surface of the growth media and transferring the removed algae to a heterotrophic growth system;supplying wastewater into a second flocculation tank, the second flocculation tank comprising a second reactor tube for creating an electric field within the wastewater, the second reactor tube including a cathode and an anode, the anode comprising a titanium ruthenium alloy, wherein when the electric field is created, the anode causes the creation of free chlorine within the fluid leading to the oxidation of the ammonia into nitrite and nitrate;after the ammonia is oxidized, transferring the wastewater to the heterotrophic growth system such that the wastewater can act as a food for the growth of the algae in the heterotrophic growth ...

PRODUCTION OF CELL TISSUE HAVING THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE USING ELECTROSTATIC INK JET PHENOMENON

A method and an apparatus for producing a cell tissue of blood vessels or the like with the use of an electrostatic ink jet phenomenon are provided. A pattern generator for cell tissue patterning on a substrate includes at least one vessel for holding a solution containing materials used for cell tissue formation, a substrate that is an object of patterning, and a pattern generator including a voltage applying unit for applying a voltage to the vessel. The voltage is applied to the vessel by the voltage applying unit to generate an electric field between the vessel and the substrate, causing the solution to be ejected from the vessel as a result of an electrostatic ink jet phenomenon and allowing the ejected solution to adhere to the substrate. 1. A method for producing a cell tissue having a three-dimensional structure in which cells remain alive by patterning a cell tissue on a substrate using the pattern generator for cell tissue patterning on the substrate using an electrostatic ink jet system , which comprisesat least one vessel for holding a solution containing materials used for cell tissue formation,a substrate that is an object of patterning,a voltage applying unit for applying a voltage to the vessel, anda plate electrode that is positioned between the vessel and the substrate, grounded, and perforated, the method comprising:ejecting scaffolds and cells onto the substrate so as to allow the scaffolds and the cells to adhere to the substrate for patterning while allowing the cells to come into contact with the scaffolds; andapplying a voltage of 0.5 kv to 5 kv between the vessel and the plate electrode by the voltage applying unit in order to generate an electric field between the vessel and the plate electrode, causing the solution to be ejected from the vessel as a result of an electrostatic ink jet phenomenon and allowing the ejected solution to pass through a hole formed in the plate electrode and adhere to the substrate,wherein a cell tissue is ...

SELECTIVE 3D BIOPATTERNING

Methods, systems, and articles for selective three dimensional (3D) biopatterning are disclosed. A biological target may be imaged and a selected area of the image may define a desired pattern for guiding the emission of EM radiation into the biological target. Two or more groups of photosensitive elements responsive to different activation wavelengths may be provided. The photosensitive elements may be selectively activated on or within the biological target based on location and activation wavelength in order to guide cell differentiation, adhesion of growth factors to a scaffold, release of growth factors, and/or deletion of cells. 1. A method for biopatterning a biological target , the method including:selecting a radiation pattern to be applied to an area of the biological target, the radiation pattern defining at least one shape;adding a first group of photosensitive elements to the biological target, the first group responsive to at least a first activation wavelength;radiating a first light into the area of the biological target in a first shape, the first light including at least the first activation wavelength, and the first shape based at least partially on the selected radiation pattern; andradiating at least a second light into the biological target in a second shape, the second light including the first activation wavelength, the second shape based at least partially on the selected radiation pattern, and the first and second lights defining an intersection within the selected area of the biological target, the intersection having a contour corresponding to the at least one shape,wherein a first one or more of the photosensitive elements are located within the intersection and are activated by the first and second lights, andwherein a second one or more of the photosensitive elements are not located within the intersection and are not activated by the first and second lights.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , further including:selecting, from an ...

ANTI-APOPTOSIS OR ANTI-NECROSIS INDUCTION METHOD

Disclosed herein is a method for simply inducing an anti-apoptotic effect and/or an anti-necrotic effect in a living cell with good control without administering any drug. The method includes applying an alternating-current voltage to the living cell so that an electric current of 25 μA or higher but 75 μA or lower flows to induce an anti-apoptotic effect and/or an anti-necrotic effect in the living cell. The living cell used may be a cultured cell. The alternating-current voltage may be applied to a stage member on which a container holding the living cell is placed. 1. A method for inducing anti-apoptosis and/or anti-necrosis in a living cell , comprising applying an alternating-current voltage to the living cell so that an electric current of 25 μA or higher but 75 μA or lower flows.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the living cell is a cultured cell.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the voltage value of the alternating-current voltage is 10 V or higher but 5 kV or lower.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the voltage value of the alternating-current voltage is 10 V or higher but 5 kV or lower.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alternating-current voltage is applied to a stage member on which a container holding the living cell is placed. The present invention relates to a method for inducing an anti-apoptotic effect and/or an anti-necrotic effect in a living cell.A technique to suppress the oxidation of coffee or to maintain the freshness of vegetables is conventionally known in which an alternating-current voltage of 10 V or higher but 5 kV or lower is applied to an object to be treated so that an extremely weak electric current of 1 μA or higher but 1000 mA or lower flows (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, the mechanism remains unclear by which the oxidation of food can be suppressed or the freshness of food can be maintained by an extremely weak electric current.Meanwhile, apoptosis is one mode of death of ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING NERVE GROWTH

A nerve growth chamber includes a stimulation vessel defined by one or more sidewalls; at least one anode and at least one cathode positioned in the sidewall or sidewalls of the stimulation vessel; a conductive medium in the stimulation vessel; nerve tissue in the stimulation vessel; and a signal generator connecting the at least one anode and the at least one cathode and activated to generate a periodic AC signal at a desired frequency and amplitude, the periodic AC signal traveling through the conductive medium and affecting the growth of the nerve tissue. A method in accordance with the operation of the apparatus is also provided. 1. An apparatus for controlling the growth of nerve tissue , the apparatus comprising:a. a stimulation vessel defined by one or more sidewalls;b. at least one anode and at least one cathode positioned in said one or more sidewalls;c. a conductive medium in said vessel;d. nerve tissue in said vessel; ande. a signal generator connecting said at least one anode and said at least one cathode and activated to generate a periodic AC signal at a desired frequency and amplitude, said periodic AC signal traveling through said conductive medium and affecting the growth of said nerve tissue.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the conductive medium is phosphate buffer saline.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising nerve growth factor in said stimulation vessel.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of stimulation vessels.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein said plurality of stimulation vessels are controlled by said signal generator.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a ceiling relative to said one or more sidewalls claim 1 , and at least one of an anode or cathode in said ceiling and connected to said signal generator.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , further comprising a floor relative to said one or more sidewalls claim 6 , and at least one of an anode or cathode in said ceiling and connected to said ...

Method for localized photo-irradiation of biological tissues to stimulate tissue regeneration or repair

This invention relates to a method of delivering light energy to biological tissues for the acceleration of healing of damaged or diseased tissues or regeneration of such tissues. More particularly, the present invention relates to applying various wavelengths of light to articular and non-articular joints, alone, or in conjunction with techniques for restoring or regenerating cartilage, ligament and/or tendons whether in-vitro, in-situ or in-vivo. The present invention also extends to application of photo-irradiation to stimulate enhanced proliferation and site-dependent differentiation of stem cells into mature cells and to stimulate full functioning of mature cells involved in tissue repairs for regeneration of tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone or muscle, depending on the type of tissue with which the stem cells come into contact. 1. A method for stimulating biological regeneration and tissue repair with photo-irradiation whereby light energy in discrete wavelengths , both visible and invisible , is used to stimulate growth and full function of mature cells and to stimulate site dependent differentiation , proliferation and full function of immature cells.2. A method as defined in to stimulate native dwelling progenitor stem cells found in the surface layers of cartilage to engraft in cartilage lesions as a tissue type normally found in that location of the joint.3. A method as defined in to stimulate transplanted stem cells (autologous or allogeneic) in a cartilage lesion to proliferate claim 1 , site-dependently differentiate into the normal local tissue type claim 1 , and to fully function upon reaching cell maturity.4. A method as defined in to stimulate transplanted chondrocytes (autologous or allogeneic) in a cartilage lesion to proliferate claim 1 , site-dependently differentiate into the normal local tissue type claim 1 , and/or to fully function upon reaching cell maturity.5. A method as defined in to stimulate transplanted cartilage cylinders ( ...

MICROBES, METHODS, AND DEVICES FOR REDOX-IMBALANCED METABOLISM

The invention generally relates to methods, devices, and microbes involved in performing redox imbalanced fermentations. In one aspect, the invention provides a device that generally includes an electrode and at least one microbe in electron communication with the electrode. The microbe generally can exhibit increased activity of at least one enzyme involved in converting a substrate to a redox imbalanced product. In another aspect, the invention provides a method for performing redox imbalanced fermentation. Generally, the method includes providing a substrate to a microbe under conditions effective for the microbe to metabolize the substrate to a redox imbalanced product. At least one microbe may be in contact with an electrode. In some cases, metabolic conversion of the substrate to the redox imbalanced product can include transferring electrons between the electrode and the microbe. In other cases, metabolic conversion of the substrate to the redox imbalanced product exhibits a carbon flux from organic substrate to organic product of at least 80%. In another aspect, the invention provides a genetically modified microbe. 1. A device comprising:an electrode; andat least one microbe in electron communication with the electrode and genetically modified to exhibit increased activity, compared to a wild-type control, of at least one enzyme that catalyzes a metabolic step converting a substrate to a redox-imbalanced pathway product.2. The device of wherein the microbe comprises an electron flux microbe.3. A device comprising:an electrode; andat least one microbe in electron communication with the electrode and genetically modified to exhibit increased activity, compared to a wild-type control, of at least one enzyme that catalyzes electron flux across the microbe's outer membrane.4. The device of wherein the microbe comprises at least one heterologous coding sequence derived from an electron flux microbe.5Geobacter, Pelobacter, Desulfuromonas, Desulfuromusa, ...

METHANOTHERMOBACTER THERMAUTOTROPHICUS STRAIN AND VARIANTS THEREOF

The invention provides an isolated microorganism that is (a) a microorganism of strain UC 120910, deposited on Dec. 21, 2010, with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) under ATCC® Patent Deposit Designation No. PTA-11561, (b) a variant thereof, or (c) a progeny thereof, as further described herein. 111.-. (canceled)12Methanothermobacter. An isolated microorganism that produces at least or about 96 molecules of methane per 100 molecules of carbon dioxide supplied to the microorganism or produces at least or about 17 grams of methane from COper gram of cellular material produced from CO.1376.-. (canceled)77Methanothermobacter. An isolated microorganism that:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a. exhibits a methane production efficiency that is at least or about 25 COmolecules converted to methane per COmolecule converted to cellular material; or'}b. survives in a stationary phase with a doubling time of at least or about 72 hours; orc. exhibits a cell culture density of at least or about 6 mg dry mass of cells/ml culture in a stationary phase; ord. returns to at least 80% of the methane productivity level in the operating state within 20 minutes, after an exposure of at least or about 3 minutes to oxygen or carbon monoxide.7884.-. (canceled)85Methanothermobacter. An isolated microorganism that is{'i': 'Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus', '(a) a microorganism of strain UC 120910, deposited on Dec. 21, 2010, with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC®) under ATCC® Patent Deposit Designation No. PTA-11561,'}(b) a variant of (a), or(c) a progeny of (a),{'sub': '2', 'wherein the variant or progeny retains the COconversion phenotypic characteristics of (a).'}86MethanothermobacterMethanothermobacter thermautotrophicus. The isolated microorganism of claim 85 , wherein the variant or progeny expresses a 16S rRNA that has at least 90% sequence identity to the full length of the sequence of 16S rRNA of Delta H (SEQ ID NO: 1).87. (canceled)88. (canceled)89Methanothermobacter. The ...

SYSTEMS, METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR AGGREGATING AND HARVESTING MICROORGANISMS FROM AN AQUEOUS SUSPENSION

Described herein are systems, methods, and apparatuses for aggregating microorganism in an aqueous suspension. In particular, are systems, methods, and apparatuses that apply an electrical field and/or acoustic energy to an aqueous suspension comprising microorganisms as the aqueous suspension follows a flow path to cause aggregation of the microorganisms. The electrical field may be continuous or pulsed. In some embodiments, the flow path for the aqueous suspension may vary. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the electrical field may be tuned. 1. An apparatus for aggregating microorganisms in an aqueous suspension , comprising:a. at least one cathode;b. at least one anode, disposed opposite the at least one cathode;c. at least one pair of spaced insulators disposed between the at least one cathode and the at least one anode; wherein the channel has a length commensurate with the lengths of the at least one cathode and the at least one anode,', 'wherein the channel defines a fluid flow path,', 'wherein the channel comprises a cross-section comprising a height and a width, and wherein at least one of the height and the width of the cross-section varies over a length of the channel;, 'd. a channel defined between the at least one cathode, the at least one anode, and the at least one pair of spaced insulators,'}e. an electrical power source operably connected to the at least one cathode and the at least one anode, wherein an electrical field is created by applying an electric current from the electrical power source to the at least one cathode and the at least one anode; andf. a separation tank in fluid communication downstream of the channel, wherein the separation tank is configured to collect fluid flow from the fluid flow path defined by the channel.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the height and the width of the cross-section increases over the length of the fluid flow path.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of ...

AGGREGATING MICROORGANISMS WITH ELECTRICAL AND ACOUSTIC ENERGY

Described herein are systems, methods, and apparatuses for aggregating microorganism in an aqueous suspension. In particular, are systems, methods, and apparatuses that apply an electrical field and acoustic energy to an aqueous suspension comprising microorganisms as the aqueous suspension follows a flow path to cause aggregation of the microorganisms. The electrical field may be continuous or pulsed. In some embodiments, the flow path for the aqueous suspension may vary. 1. A system for aggregating microorganisms in an aqueous suspension , comprising: i. at least one first electrical conductor;', 'wherein the at least one first electrical conductor is disposed within the at least one second electrical conductor, such that a channel is defined between an exterior surface of the at least one first electrical conductor and an interior surface of the at least one second electrical conductor and with a cross-section comprising a diameter, the channel providing a fluid flow path for the aqueous suspension;', 'ii. at least one second electrical conductor;'}, 'iii. an electrical power source operably connected to the at least one first electrical conductor and the at least one second electrical conductor, wherein electrical field is created when an electric current is provided from the electrical power source to the at least one first electrical conductor and the at least one second electrical conductor and the aqueous suspension;, 'a. a device configured to apply an electric field to an aqueous suspension, comprising i. a tube configured to contain a flow of the aqueous suspension;', 'ii. at least one transducer coupled to the tube;', wherein the generator transmits an electrical radio frequency signal to the transducer and the transducer converts the electrical signal into an acoustic signal which vibrates the tube and creates a wave with a pressure minima node at a location within the tube;', 'wherein the device configured to apply an electrical field and the device ...

ELECTRICAL MICROORGANISM AGGREGATION METHODS

Described herein are systems, methods, and apparatuses for aggregating microorganism in an aqueous suspension. In particular, are systems, methods, and apparatuses that apply an electrical field to an aqueous suspension comprising microorganisms as the aqueous suspension follows a flow path to cause aggregation of the microorganisms. The electrical field may be continuous or pulsed. In some embodiments, the flow path for the aqueous suspension may vary. 1. A method for aggregating microorganisms in an aqueous suspension , comprising: i. at least one electrical conductor comprising a conductive material configured as a cathode;', 'ii. at least one second electrical conductor comprising a conductive material configured as an anode, wherein the at least one electrical conductor comprising a conductive material configured as a cathode is disposed opposite the at least one second electrical conductor comprising a conductive material configured as an anode;', 'iii. at least one pair of spaced insulators disposed between the at least one electrical conductor comprising a conductive material configured as a cathode and the at least one electrical conductor comprising a conductive material configured as an anode;', 'wherein the channel defines a fluid flow path for the aqueous suspension, and wherein the fluid flow path comprising at least one of a height, a width, and a diameter which varies along at least a portion of a length of the fluid flow path; and', 'iv. a channel defined between the at least one electrical conductor comprising a conductive material configured as a cathode, the at least one electrical conductor comprising a conductive material configured as an anode, and the pair of at least one pair of insulators, wherein the channel has a length commensurate with the lengths of the at least one cathode and the at least one electrical conductor comprising a conductive material configured as an anode,'}, 'wherein at least one aggregating apparatus differs from at ...

PATTERNED ELECTRICAL PULSE MICROORGANISM AGGREGATION

Described herein are systems, methods, and apparatuses for aggregating microorganism in an aqueous suspension. In particular, are systems, methods, and apparatuses that apply an electrical field to an aqueous suspension comprising microorganisms as the aqueous suspension follows a flow path to cause aggregation of the microorganisms. The electrical field may comprise different types of pulses. In some embodiments, the flow path for the aqueous suspension may vary. 1. A method of aggregating microorganisms in an aqueous solution , comprising:a. providing an aqueous solution feed comprising a liquid and microorganisms dispersed therein; and 'i. applying a pulsed electric field to the aqueous suspension, the pulsed electrical field generated by a power source and a pulse generator, wherein said pulse generator produces a pattern of electrical pulses which vary in a pulse type comprising at least one of a pulse amplitude, a pulse duration, a pulse shape, and a pause duration between pulses.', 'b. aggregating the aqueous suspension feed, the aggregating comprising2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse shape is rectangular claim 1 , trapezoidal claim 1 , exponentially decaying claim 1 , unipolar claim 1 , or bipolar.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulse duration ranges from 1 to 1 claim 1 ,000 nanoseconds.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pattern of electrical pulses alternates more than one pulse types.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a chemical aggregating agent to the aqueous solution feed.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pattern of electrical pulses utilized by the pulse generator comprises a programmed pattern.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the programmed pattern is selected by a computerized controller based on at least one of a measured turbidity of the aqueous solution claim 6 , a measured density of the aqueous solution claim 6 , a composition of the aqueous solution claim 6 , and a flow rate of the aqueous solution ...

TUBULAR ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC AGGREGATION DEVICE

Described herein are systems, methods, and apparatuses for aggregating microorganism in an aqueous suspension. In particular, are systems, methods, and apparatuses that apply an electrical field and/or acoustic energy to an aqueous suspension comprising microorganisms as the aqueous suspension follows a flow path to cause aggregation of the microorganisms. The electrical field may be continuous or pulsed. In some embodiments, the flow path for the aqueous suspension may vary. 1. An apparatus for aggregating microorganisms in an aqueous suspension , comprising:a. a tube configured to contain a flow of an aqueous suspension comprising microorganisms;b. an anode disposed within the tube and with a length parallel to a concentric longitudinal axis of the tube;c. a cathode disposed within the tube, and with a length parallel to the anode forming a gap between the anode and cathode comprising the concentric longitudinal axis of the tube;d. an electrical power source operably connected to the anode and the cathode for creating an electrical field by providing an electric current that is applied between the anode and cathode and the aqueous suspension;e. at least one transducer coupled to the tube; andf. a generator configured to produce and transmit radio frequency signals, wherein the generator transmits an electrical radio frequency signal to the transducer and the transducer converts the electrical signal into an acoustic signal which vibrates the tube and creates a standing wave with a pressure minima node at a location between the anode and cathode.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical field and acoustic standing wave are applied simultaneously to the aqueous suspension.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a piezoelectric vibration energy harvester coupled to the tube and configured to convert vibration energy into electrical current.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical field is pulsed.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein ...

TUNABLE ELECTRICAL FIELD FOR AGGREGATING MICROORGANISMS

Described herein are systems, methods, and apparatuses for aggregating microorganism in an aqueous suspension. In particular, are systems, methods, and apparatuses that apply an electrical field to an aqueous suspension comprising microorganisms as the aqueous suspension follows a flow path to cause aggregation of the microorganisms. The electrical field may be continuous or pulsed. In some embodiments, the flow path for the aqueous suspension may vary. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the electrical field may be tuned. 1. An apparatus for aggregating microorganisms in an aqueous suspension , comprising:a. a vessel configured to contain an aqueous suspension of microorganisms and configured for fluid communication with a housing;b. at least one first electrical conductor configured as a cathode disposed within the housing;c. at least one second electrical conductor configured as an anode disposed within the housing;d. at least one third electrical conductor configured as a collector electrode disposed within the housing and adjacent to the at least one first electrical conductor;e. at least one fourth electrical conductor configured as a control electrode disposed within the housing and adjacent to the at least one first electrical conductor, wherein the at least one first electrical conductor is at least partially surrounded by the at least one second electrical conductor such that a channel is defined between an exterior surface of the at least one first electrical conductor and an interior surface of the at least one second electrical conductor, providing a fluid flow path configured for receiving the aqueous suspension from the vessel; andf. at least one electrical power source operably connected to the at least one first electrical conductor, second electrical conductor, third electrical conductor, and fourth electrical conductor, wherein an electrical field is created by providing an electrical current from the electrical power source to the at ...

Combining Biological Micro-Objects

Two or more biological micro-objects can be grouped in a liquid medium in a chamber. Grouping can comprise bringing into and holding in proximity or contact the micro-objects in a group, breaching the membrane of one or more of the micro-objects in a group, subjecting one or more of the micro-objects in a group to electroporation, and/or tethering to each other the micro-objects in a group. The micro-objects in the group can then be combined into a single biological object. 1. A process of combining biological micro-objects , said process comprising:selecting a first biological micro-object and a second biological micro-object from a plurality of micro-objects in a liquid medium in a micro-fluidic device;grouping said first micro-object with said second micro-object in said liquid medium in said micro-fluidic device; andwhile said first micro-object and said second micro-object are grouped, combining said first micro-object and said second micro-object in said liquid medium to produce a combined biological micro-object.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein:said selecting comprises trapping said first micro-object in a first light trap directed into said micro-fluidic device, and trapping said second micro-object in a second light trap directed onto said micro-fluidic device; andsaid grouping comprises merging said first light trap and said second light trap and thereby forming a merged light trap trapping said first micro-object and said second micro-object.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein said combining comprises moving said merged light trap through a combining region of said micro-fluidic device.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein said combining region comprises a chemical that facilitates said combining.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein said combining comprises moving said merged light trap directly between a first electrode and a second electrode to which a power source is connected.6. The process of claim 2 , wherein:said combining comprises moving said ...

RAPID CELL PURIFICATION SYSTEMS

Methods and systems for purifying cells and/or viruses are provided. The sample is added to a well disposed in a medium. A potential is applied across the medium to cause the contaminants to enter one or more walls of the well, and retain the cells and/or viruses in the well. The cells and/or viruses can be removed from the well, and optionally adhered or fixed to a surface, or detected. In one embodiment, the cells and/or viruses may be retained in the well by embedding in the medium. The medium including the embedded cells and/or viruses may be excised or otherwise removed and transferred to a glass slide or other solid surface. 1. A method of purifying at least one of cells and viruses in a sample comprising:adding the sample to a well disposed in a medium;applying an electrical potential across the medium to cause contaminants to enter said medium through one or more walls of said well while retaining the at least one of the cells and/or viruses in said well; andremoving the at least one of the cells and viruses from said well.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said cells are microorganisms.37-. (canceled)8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said medium comprises at least one of a filter or a hydrogel.9. (canceled)10. The method of claim 8 , wherein said hydrogel comprises at least one of a polyacrylamide or agarose.11. The method of claim 1 , comprising placing a buffer in contact with said medium.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein said buffer comprises histidine and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.13. The method of claim 1 , further comprising immobilizing the at least one of the cells and viruses.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the at least one the of cells and viruses are immobilized on a positively charged surface.15. The method of any one of claim 1 , further comprising detecting the at least one of the cells and viruses.16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding a chemical agent to the sample to increase a permeability of the medium to the ...

METHODS OF USING ULTRASOUND IN TISSUE CULTURE AND TISSUE ENGINEERING

The present disclosure describes methods of using ultrasound in tissue culture and tissue engineering, as well as a bioreactor that includes at least one ultrasound transducer. 1. A method of culturing cells or tissue , comprising:exposing cells or tissue in culture to intermittent low-intensity-diffuse ultrasound.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the intermittent low-intensity-diffuse ultrasound comprises a frequency of from about 1 MHz to about 8 MHz.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the intermittent low-intensity-diffuse ultrasound comprises a pressure of from about 14 kPa to about 60 kPa.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the intermittent low-density-diffuse ultrasound comprises a duration of exposure of from about 0.5 min to about 10 mins.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the intermittent low-density-diffuse ultrasound comprises exposure at an interval of from about 8 times per day up to about 16 times per day.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cells are selected from the group consisting of osteoblasts claim 1 , osteoclasts claim 1 , osteocytes claim 1 , chondrocytes claim 1 , hepatocytes claim 1 , islet cells claim 1 , myocytes claim 1 , epithelial cells claim 1 , kidney cells claim 1 , neurons and stem cells.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tissue is selected from the group consisting of bone claim 1 , cartilage claim 1 , liver claim 1 , pancreas claim 1 , muscle claim 1 , epithelium claim 1 , kidney claim 1 , uterus claim 1 , ovarian claim 1 , and testes.8. A method of inducing phosphorylation in cells by extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) claim 1 , comprising:exposing cells in culture to intermittent low-intensity-diffuse ultrasound.9. A method of inducing reorganization of actin in cells claim 1 , comprising:exposing cells in culture to intermittent low-intensity-diffuse ultrasound.10. A bioreactor for culturing cells or tissue claim 1 , wherein the bioreactor comprises at least one ultrasonic transducer configured to ...

FLUIDIC IN-LINE PARTICLE IMMOBILIZATION AND COLLECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR USING THE SAME

Fluidic sorting systems configured to immobilize, and optionally concentrate and/or analyze, one or more particles within the system are provided. Aspects of the systems include a flow-through chamber and an immobilization component configured to immobilize, preferably reversibly, a particle within the flow-through chamber. Optionally, the systems include an analysis component configured to optically analyze an immobilized particle within the flow-through chamber. In certain aspects, the systems are configured to collect one or more particles from the flow-through chamber for subsequent analysis, experimentation, and/or use. Also provided are methods, components and kits for reversibly immobilizing, and optionally analyzing, one or more particles within a fluidic sorting system. 1. A fluidic sorting system comprising:a flow-through chamber configured to receive a particle in a fluid stream from a catcher tube; anda particle immobilization component configured to reversibly immobilize the particle within the flow-through chamber.2. The fluidic sorting system according to claim 1 , wherein the particle immobilization component comprises a magnetic field generator.3. The fluidic sorting system according to claim 2 , wherein the magnetic field generator comprises a permanent magnet.4. The fluidic sorting system according to claim 2 , wherein the magnetic field generator comprises an electromagnet.5. The fluidic sorting system according to claim 1 , further comprising an analysis component configured to analyze the immobilized particle within the flow-through chamber.6. The fluidic sorting system according to claim 5 , wherein the analysis component comprises a microscope.7. The fluidic sorting system according to claim 6 , wherein the microscope is selected from the group consisting of: a conventional microscope claim 6 , a fluorescence microscope claim 6 , a confocal microscope claim 6 , and a laser scanning microscope.8. The fluidic sorting system according to claim 1 ...

Driven Machine Tool, in Particular an Angle Grinder or a Straight Grinder

The present invention relates to a driven machine tool, and in particular to an angle grinder or a straight grinder, and which includes a drive unit having a drive switch for switching the drive unit on and off, a housing in which the drive unit is at least partially received, and an actuation mechanism for actuating the drive switch. 1. A driven machine tool comprising: a drive unit having a drive switch for switching the drive unit on and off; a housing in which the drive unit is at least partially received; and an actuation mechanism for actuating the drive switch , and wherein the actuation mechanism has a switching rod which can be displaced along a longitudinal axis (L) of the housing and which further protrudes through a recess of the housing and which includes an actuation portion , and a switching lever which is pivotably supported at a bearing location and which further has at least one lever arm , and wherein the switching rod is connected to the at least one lever arm and is further able to pivot the at least one lever arm as a result of the displacement thereof , and wherein the bearing location of the switching lever is borne on the housing.2. A driven machine tool as claimed in claim 1 , andwherein the switching rod is connected to the at least one lever arm at a free end of the switching lever.3. A driven machine tool as claimed in claim 2 , andwherein the free end of the connected lever arm is received in a recess defined by the switching rod.4. A driven machine tool as claimed in claim 3 , andwherein the switching lever has a rounded outer contour at the free end of the connected lever arm and the recess in the switching rod has a substantially corresponding contour.5. A driven machine tool having a drive switch claim 3 , comprising: an actuation mechanism having a switching rod which can be displaced along a longitudinal axis (L) of a housing of the driven machine tool and which protrudes through a recess defined by the housing and which includes ...

DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING MOTION OF ANTI-COLLISION SWITCH AND MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS APPARATUS EMPLOYING THE SAME

In a device for controlling an operation of an anti-collision switch, the anti-collision switch is provided in a support close to a guide frame that is provided at at least one of both lateral sides of a table frame, to prevent collision of the table frame that is supported on the table support to be capable of moving in a lengthwise direction. The device includes a first lever coupled to the table support so that at least a portion of the first lever moves in a vertical direction according to deformation of the guide frame, and a second lever pressing the anti-collision switch in a normal state and, when a vertical movement of the first lever deviates from a preset height, being moved up by the first lever to remove pressing of the anti-collision switch and operate the anti-collision switch. 1. A device for controlling an operation of an anti-collision switch , the anti-collision switch being provided in a table support adjacent to a guide frame that is provided at at least one of both lateral sides of a table frame that is supported on the table support to be capable of moving in a lengthwise direction , the device comprising:a first lever coupled to the table support so that at least a portion of the first lever moves in a vertical direction according to deformation of the guide frame; anda second lever pressing the anti-collision switch in a normal state and, when a vertical movement of the first lever deviates from a preset height, being moved up by the first lever to release the anti-collision switch.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein a gap adjustment member for adjusting a gap between the first lever and the second lever is provided on the first lever such that the gap adjustment member collides against the second lever when the first lever is moved upwardly.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the gap adjustment member is any one of a bolt claim 2 , a screw claim 2 , and a protruding pin.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first elastic member ...

METHOD OF BREAKING DOWN BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL

In various embodiments, a method of breaking down biological material is provided. The method may include providing a sample comprising the biological material in a liquid. The method may further include providing a gas such that the gas forms an interface with the liquid. The method may also include breaking down the biological material by applying acoustic waves in a plurality of sequential bursts to the interface. 1. A method of breaking down biological material , the method comprising:providing a sample comprising the biological material in a liquid;providing a gas such that the gas forms an interface with the liquid; andbreaking down the biological material by applying acoustic waves in a plurality of sequential bursts to the interface.2. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein cavitations are generated by oscillations when the acoustic waves are applied to the interface; andwherein the cavitations are configured to break down the biological material.3. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the biological material are broken down into biological material fragments.4. The method according to claim 3 , the method further comprising:detecting the biological material fragments.5. The method according to claim 3 , the method further comprising:increasing pressure of the gas to flush the biological material fragments.6. The method according to claim 3 , the method further comprising:decreasing the pressure of the gas after flushing the sample comprising the biological material fragments.7. The method according to claim 3 , the method further comprising:providing a subsequent sample comprising a subsequent biological material after flushing the sample comprising the biological material fragments.8. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein a first burst of the plurality of sequential bursts is separated from a second burst of the plurality of sequential bursts by a time interval.9. The method according to claim 1 ,wherein the interface is formed in a main channel ...

MAGNETIC THREE-DIMENSIONAL CELL CULTURE APPARATUS AND METHOD

A culture apparatus and method for growing cells and tissue in a three-dimensional configuration harnesses magnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and diamagnetic forces. The cells or tissue are grown with magnetized core particles and are suspended via magnetic forces in a native, non-restricted, three-dimensional configuration while being maintained in a normal gravity (1 g) growth environment in the absence of rotational alteration of the gravity vector. 122-. (canceled)23. An apparatus comprising:a first diamagnet;a second diamagnet disposed in transversely spaced apart relation to said first diamagnet; andan upper lifter magnet disposed in abutting relation to said first diamagnet.24. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein said apparatus further comprises a cell culture chamber; and wherein said culture chamber is positioned in sandwiched relation between said first and second diamagnets.25. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein said cell culture chamber contains a cell culture medium and a plurality of magnetized core particles.26. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein said cell culture chamber includes biological cells to be cultivated.27. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein said cell culture chamber is formed of a gas permeable material.28. The apparatus of claim 24 , further comprising:an inlet port formed in said cell culture chamber at a first end of said cell culture chamber; andan outlet port formed in said cell culture chamber at a second end of said cell culture chamber, said second end being spaced apart from said first end.29. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein said magnetized core particles are coated with a cellular adhesive material.30. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein said magnetized core particles are coated with a collagen component.31. The apparatus of claim 25 , wherein said magnetized core particles are coated with a matrix component.32. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein said matrix component is non-biodegradable.33. The apparatus of claim 31 ...

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR ISOLATING AND PREPARING STEM CELLS

The present invention relates to a method of preparing a population of stem cells for autologous implantation to a subject. The cells are activated by irradiating the cells with one or more wavelengths of yellow and red and/or green light. In particular, the cells are irradiated with 575-595 nm (5-20 mW), and 630-635 nm or 660-670 nm (10-100 mW) and/or 510-540 nm (10-60 mW) of monochromatic light for 30-60 mins. Preferably the stem cells are adipose-derived stem cells. Also the invention relates to therapeutic applications of the activated stem cells. 1. A method of preparing a population of stem cells for autologous implantation to a subject , comprising activating the stem cells by irradiating the cells with one or more wavelengths of yellow and red and/or green light.2. The method of wherein yellow and red and green light is used.3. The method of wherein the cells are irradiated with 575-595 nm (5-20 mW) claim 1 , and 630-635 nm (10-100 mW) and/or 510-540 nm (10-60 mW) of monochromatic light for 30-60 mins.4. The method of wherein the cells are irradiated with 595 nm (20 mW) claim 3 , 635 nm (60 mW) and 535 nm (60 mW) of monochromatic light claim 3 , for 30-60 mins.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising a further initial step of processing a sample of tissue from the subject to obtain the population stem cells to be irradiated.6. The method of wherein the stem cells are adult stem cells.7. The method of wherein the adult stem cells are adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC); dermal stem cells; hematopoietic stem cells; mammary stem cells; mesenchymal stem cells; endothelial stem cells; neural stem cells; neural crest stem cells; or testicular stem cells.8. The method of wherein the stem cells are ADSC and the tissue is adipose tissue.9. The method of wherein the stem cells are exposed to one or more growth factors.10. The method of wherein the growth factors are Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF); Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF); Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGFs); ...

METHOD FOR DIGITAL TRANSDUCTION OF DNA IN LIVING CELLS

A system and method for inducing cytotoxicity, comprising a receiver configured to receive an electromagnetic signal from a container, using a receiver configured to capture electromagnetic emissions from the container over a frequency range of at least 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz; an amplifier configured to amplify the received electromagnetic signal; and an emitter configured to emit the amplified electromagnetic signal in proximity to living cells. DNA from a pathogen is amplified using PCR, purified, and serially diluted. Electromagnetic signals from the diluted DNA are received, and optionally stored. The receive signal is amplified and emitted in proximity to living cells, to produce under selected circumstances, a cytopathic effect. 1. A method of producing cytotoxicity , comprising:amplifying DNA from a pathogen using polymerase chain reaction technology;purifying the amplified DNA;serially diluting and mixing the purified DNA in water, to generate a dilute DNA sample in a container;receiving an electromagnetic signal from the container, using a receiver configured to capture electromagnetic emissions from the container over a frequency range of at least 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz;optionally recording the received electromagnetic signal;amplifying the received or optionally recorded electromagnetic signal; andemitting the amplified electromagnetic signal in proximity to living cells.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the purified DNA is constituted as 2 ng/ml in water claim 1 , and serially diluted over a range within 10to 10.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the received electromagnetic signal is digitally recorded for about 6 seconds over a bandwidth of at least 400 Hz to 4 kHz.4BorreliaRicketsiales.. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pathogen is of a genus selective from the group consisting of and5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein serial dilutions of the purified DNA are analyzed for significant electromagnetic emissions by ...

ACTUATOR FOR A VACUUM SWITCH TUBE OF A SWITCHING ASSEMBLY OF A TAP CHANGER

An actuator () for actuating a vacuum switch tube () comprising a fixed contact () and a movable contact (), comprises 1. An actuator for actuating a vacuum switch tube , the actuator comprising:a fixed contact;a movable contact;a bearing plate that can be fastened to the fixed contact;a main spring having a first end with which it can engage the movable contact and a second end;a return spring having a first end with which it engages at the bearing plate and a second end; andan actuating lever having a first engagement area at which the main spring engages with its second end, and having a second engagement area at which the return spring engages with its second end, the actuating lever being swivelably mounted on the bearing plate such that the actuating lever can assume a first end position in which the main spring is at least partially relaxed and the return spring is tensioned, and a second end position in which the return spring is at least partially relaxed and the main spring is tensioned.2. The actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the main spring and the return spring are formed such that the actuating lever is biased into the first end position.3. The actuator according to claim 1 , wherein the main spring is a compression spring claim 1 , and its first end abuts on a first contact surface of the movable contact claim 1 , which first contact surface faces toward the first engagement area.4. The actuator according to wherein the return spring is a compression spring claim 1 , and its first end abuts on a contact surface of the bearing plate claim 1 , which contact surface faces toward the second engagement area.5. The actuator according to claim 1 , whereinthe actuating lever has a first lever arm on which the first engagement area and the second engagement area are formed;the longitudinal axis of the main spring is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the return spring; andthe contact surface of the bearing plate faces toward the main spring.6. The ...

LIGHT SWITCH HOOK ASSEMBLY

A light switch hook assembly including a light switch plate and a hook extending outwardly therefrom. A fastener is inserted through an aperture defined in the hook and then into a hole defined in the light switch plate. The end of the fastener is subsequently inserted into an opening defined in a light switch mounted within an electrical connector box. The light switch plate may already be installed on a wall. In this instance, a fastener is removed from this pre-existing light switch plate, the hook is positioned against the plate, and the fastener is inserted through the aperture in the hook, through the hole from which the fastener was previously removed, and into the opening in the light switch. A cover may be engaged with the hook to cover the head of the fastener. An article may be hung on the hook. 1. A light switch hook assembly comprising:a light switch plate having a front surface and a rear surface, said light switch plate being adapted to be secured to a light switch;a hook extending outwardly from the front surface of the plate; anda fastener that extends through an aperture defined in one of the hook and the light switch plate, wherein said fastener is adapted to be engaged with the light switch.2. The light switch hook assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein the aperture is defined in the hook and a hole is defined in the light switch plate; and a shaft of the fastener is inserted through the aperture and the hole when aligned with each other.3. The light switch hook assembly of claim 1 , wherein the aperture is defined in the hook and the aperture includes a first region of a first diameter and a second region of a second diameter claim 1 , wherein the first region opens at a front surface of the hook and the second region opens at a rear surface of the hook.4. The light switch hook assembly of claim 3 , wherein the first region of the aperture and the second region of the aperture are concentric.5. The light switch hook assembly of claim 3 , ...

SWITCH

A switch has a base having a frame portion disposed integrally with an outer peripheral portion of an upper surface of the base, a common fixed contact disposed at a corner of inside surfaces of the frame portion, and a fixed contact disposed on an inside surface of the base opposite to the common fixed contact, a spring member having elastic arm portions extending respectively from both ends of a bellows-like spring portion, wherein a free end portion of one of the elastic arm portions serves as a sliding movable contact, wherein a free end portion of another of the elastic arm portions serves as a rotationally movable contact, and wherein the rotationally movable contact is positioned so as to be in contact with the common fixed contact of the base, and an operation lever including an operation rib. 1. A switch comprising: a frame portion disposed integrally with an outer peripheral portion of an upper surface of the base,', 'a common fixed contact disposed at a corner of inside surfaces of the frame portion, and', 'a fixed contact disposed on an inside surface of the base opposite to the common fixed contact;, 'a base comprising elastic arm portions extending respectively from both ends of a bellows-like spring portion,', 'wherein a free end portion of one of the elastic arm portions serves as a sliding movable contact,', 'wherein a free end portion of another of the elastic arm portions serves as a rotationally movable contact, and', 'wherein the rotationally movable contact is positioned so as to be in contact with the common fixed contact of the base; and, 'a spring member comprisingan operation lever including an operation rib, which comes in contact with the one elastic arm portion of the spring member, and which is rotationally supported on the base,wherein, when the operation lever is rotated, the one elastic arm portion of the spring member is pushed down by the operation rib, whereby the bellows-like spring portion of the spring member is elastically ...

ACTIVATION AND AGGREGATION OF HUMAN PLATELETS AND FORMATION OF PLATELET GELS BY NANOSECOND PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS

Methods for forming activated platelet gels using nsPEF's and applying the activated gels to wounds, such as heart tissue after myocardial infarction. The platelets are activated by applying at least one nsPEF with a duration between about 10 picoseconds to 1 microsecond and electrical field strengths between about 10 kV/cm and 350 kV/cm. 1. A method of treating injured heart tissue , comprising: activating the concentrated platelets by applying at least one electrical pulse to the concentrated platelets,', 'wherein the electrical pulse has a duration of at least about 100 picoseconds and less than about 1 microsecond and an electric field strength of at least about 10 kV/cm and less than about 350 kV/cm; and applying the activated platelets to heart tissue., 'concentrating platelets;'}2. The method of wherein the injured heart tissue is due to myocardial infarction.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:reperfusing the heart tissue.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the platelets are autologous.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical pulse has a duration of 300 nanoseconds and the electrical field strength is 30 kV/cm. This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/129,076, §371 filing date of Aug. 5, 2011, which claims priority to PCT/US2009/064431 filed on Nov. 13, 2009, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/114,363, filed Nov. 13, 2008, which are incorporated by reference in their entirety.Electric fields can be used to manipulate cell function in a variety of ways. One specific cell mechanism that can be affected by electric fields is calcium mobilization within a cell. Calcium signaling, an important cell function, is responsible for a variety of cellular responses and actions. The release of internally stored calcium can stimulate responses to agonists, activate growth and respiration, cause the secretion of neurotransmitters, activate transcription mechanisms, cause the release of a variety of ...

METHOD FOR TARGETTING GROWTH AND DEATH OF NEOPLASTIC CELLS BY BURSTS OF ENERGIES FROM CELLULAR ENERGY EMISSIONS

The embodiments herein disclose a non-invasive method of using bursts of energies/electromagnetic field energies from cells to reduce or arrest the growth rate, proliferation of cancer cells/neoplastic cells. The energy from cells induces apoptosis in cancer cells, without harming normal cells beyond their physiologic threshold of survival are provided. The embodiments herein disclose a method for treatment of cancer/neoplastic cell in human or animals within the context of cancer therapeutics. A cell culture plate is incubated. This plate serves as the source of bursts energies/electromagnetic field energies. Further with a device the bursts of energies are targeted to another plate having cells for one week. After one week the microscopic examination is done. The rate of growth of cell is six to seven pulsatile cells per square centimetre. The energy from cells kills cancer cells, induce apoptosis, stimulate growth phase in cell culture and enables harmonics therapy. 1. A method for stimulating a cell culture for growth with bursts of energies/cellular signals of cells , the method comprises the steps of:culturing CD34 cells in three different culture plates comprising a culture medium by following a standard culture protocol;labelling a first culture plate as a control plate, and wherein the control plate comprises the CD 34 cells in a culture medium, and wherein the first culture plate is incubated at 37° C. for one week, and wherein the first culture plate is not exposed to any bursts of energies/cellular signals of cells;subjecting a second culture plate comprising CD 34 cells in a culture medium to a red light, and wherein the CD34 cells are stimulated by the red light constantly for one week, and wherein the second culture plate is incubated at 37° C. for one week;subjecting a third culture plate comprising CD 34 cells in a culture medium to a plurality of bursts of energies/cellular signals of the CD34 cells in the second culture plate with a device, and ...

Circuit breakers with handle bearing pins

Circuit breakers with handles having at least one handle bearing pin that contacts an upper end portion of a moving arm and allows the arm to rotate to “OFF”, “ON” and “TRIP” positions, typically about 90 degrees of rotation.

RADIOFREQUENCY DEVICE FOR INCREASING INTRACELLULAR BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE AND PLANT CELL CULTURE METHOD USING THE SAME

There are provided a radiofrequency device for increasing amount of a bioactive substance in a plant cell and a plant cell culture method for increasing amount of useful intracellular secondary metabolites by using the radiofrequency device. The cell culture method of the present invention makes it possible to increase specific secondary metabolites such as daidzein, equol, and the like in a cell and thus can be used for development into various medicines, agricultural pesticides, spices, pigments, food additives, and cosmetics containing bioactive substances. Further, the cell culture method of the present invention improves conventional cell culture methods limitedly used for specific cells or specific metabolites for increasing amount of intracellular bioactive substances and thus can be widely applied to production of cells and secondary metabolites. 1. A cell culture method for increasing amount of an intracellular bioactive substance , the method comprising:(a) a culturing step of inoculating a plant cell into a medium and culturing the plant cell; and(b) a radiofrequency processing step of processing the cultured cell with a radiofrequency for increasing amount of an intracellular bioactive substance in the plant cell.2. The cell culture method of claim 1 , wherein the radiofrequency is used for process in a range of 0.1 to 15 MHz.3. The cell culture method of claim 2 , wherein the culturing step further includes:(a1) a callus inducing step of culturing the plant cell in an MS(Murashige and Skoog) medium containing IAA (indole acetic acid), BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), sucrose, and gelite for 2 to 5 weeks for inducing a callus from a germinated plant; and(a2) an adventitious root inducing step of culturing the callus in an MS medium containing IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), MES monohydrate(2-(N-morpholino), benzyladenine, sucrose, and gelite for 2 to 5 weeks for inducing an adventitious root from the callus.4. The cell culture method of claim 3 , wherein the ...

DEVICES, METHOD AND SYSTEM EMPLOYABLE FOR LYSING

A device configured for lysing a sample includes a holding element configured to hold an energy-transmitting element such that the holding element lies around the held part of the energy-transmitting element and envelops the held part of the energy-transmitting element and/or that the holding element lies against the held part of the energy-transmitting element. The holding element is further configured to cause lysis with the energy-transmitting element when the holding element is immersed into the sample to be subjected to lysis or comes into contact with the sample to be subjected to lysis. A method includes inserting the energy-transmitting element into the holding element. A system configured for lysing a sample by way of ultrasound includes the device and the energy transmitting element. 1. A device configured for lysing a sample to be subjected to lysis , comprising: hold an energy-transmitting element such that the holding element one or more of (i) lies around the held part of the energy-transmitting element and envelops the held part of the energy-transmitting element and (ii) lies against the held part of the energy-transmitting element; and', 'cause lysis with the energy-transmitting element when the holding element is immersed into the sample to be subjected to lysis or is in contact with the sample to be subjected to lysis., 'a holding element configured to2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the device is one of the following: a cover for a lysis container; an adapter for a lysis container; a lysis container; or a lab on a chip.3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the holding element is configured to lie directly around and/or against the held part of the energy-transmitting element and to be in direct contact with the held part of the energy-transmitting element.4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of (i) the holding element is configured as a membrane and/or is completely or at least partly elastic and deformable ...

MICROFLUIDIC VORTEX-ASSISTED ELECTROPORATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

A system and method include delivering cells of interest to multiple traps via a channel connecting the traps, maintaining a vortex flow in the traps to trap the cells of interest in the traps, providing first molecules of interest to the traps, and providing an electric field across the traps to perform electroporation of the first molecules of interest into the cells of interest in the traps. 1. A method comprising:delivering cells of interest to multiple traps via fluid flowing along an axis through a channel connecting the traps;maintaining a vortex flow in the traps to trap the cells of interest in the traps, wherein the vortex comprises a rotational flow around an axis perpendicular to axis of flow through the channel;providing first molecules of interest to the traps; andproviding an electric field across the traps to perform electroporation of the first molecules of interest into the cells of interest in the traps.2. The method of wherein delivering cells of interest is performed by transporting a first fluid solution containing the cells of interest via the channel at a speed such that the fluid has a Reynolds number of greater than 100 to create the vortex flow in the traps.3. The method of wherein providing first molecules of interest to the traps comprises using a second fluid solution containing the molecules of interest while maintaining the vortex flow in the traps and removing the first solution.4. The method of wherein the electric field across the traps is substantially uniform.5. The method of and further comprising using a third fluid solution containing further molecules of interest while maintaining the vortex flow in the traps claim 3 , the further molecules of interest being provided following electroporation of the first molecules of interest.6. The method of and further comprising providing an electric field across the traps to perform electroporation of the second molecules of interest into the cells of interest in the traps claim 5 , ...

Method of Treatment of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Extracted human mesenchymal cells (MSCs) are placed into the interior space of a closed vessel and exposed to an electric AC current and/or electromagnetic field. The MSCs are also stirred within the vessel to further stimulate the cells, enhancing the osteodifferentiation process during human transplantation of the cells. 1. A method for treating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prior to differentiating the cells for human transplantation , the steps comprising:providing a vessel having an interior space and an exterior surface on which electrode plates while mounted;providing a plurality of MSCs;placing the plurality of MSCs within the interior space of the vessel;delivering electric current to the electrode plates;delivering said electric current to the interior space of the vessel and to the MSCs located in the interior space, thus electrically charging the MSCs;stirring the electrically charged MSCs within the interior space; andremoving the MSCs from the vessel for transplantation.2. The method as in further comprising the step of providing a cover on the vessel for ensuring for a watertight seal over the vessel.3. The method as in further comprising the step of providing a free floating stirrer within the interior space of the vessel for stirring the electrically charged MSCs.4. The method as in comprising the further step of delivering the electric current to the electrode plates and thus the MSCs and stirring the MSCs within the vessel for a period of time ranging between 10 and 15 minutes.5. A method for treating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prior to differentiating the cells for human transplantation the steps comprising:providing a vessel having an interior space and an exterior surface on which electrode plates while mounted;providing a plurality of MSCs;placing the plurality of MSCs within the interior space of the vessel;delivering an electromagnetic field to the electrode plates.delivering said electromagnetic field to the interior space of the vessel ...

Method for Stimulating the Gene Expression in Endometrial Cells

An in-vitro method for stimulating the gene expression of at least one of XOXA10, LIF, ITGB3, XOXA11 and ITGAV genes in endometrial cells comprising applying on such endometrial cells electric current waves having a sinusoidal waveform with a fundamental frequency higher than 2 MHz, preferably of about 4 MHz, for a predefined amount of time. 1. An in-vitro method for stimulating the gene expression of at least one of XOXA10 , LIF , ITGB3 , XOXA11 and ITGAV genes in endometrial cells , said method comprising applying on said endometrial cells electric current waves having a sinusoidal waveform having a fundamental frequency higher than 2 MHz for a predefined amount of time.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein sinusoidal waveform is distorted due to the presence of harmonics.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein sinusoidal waveform is distorted due to the presence of harmonics at least of the second and the third order.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said predefined amount of time is comprised between 10 and 60 minutes and said application is repeated n times a day for m days claim 1 , wherein n and m are each an integer.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said endometrial cells are mammal endometrial cells.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said endometrial cells are cells of endometrium biopsy material of human origin.7. A method for stimulating the gene expression of XOXA10 claim 1 , LIF claim 1 , ITGB3 claim 1 , XOXA11 and ITGAV genes in endometrial cells according to .8. A process for increasing the likelihood of conception in a healthy infertile subject by means of stimulating the gene expression of at least one of XOXA10 claim 1 , LIF claim 1 , ITGB3 claim 1 , XOXA11 and ITGAV genes in the endometrial cells claim 1 , comprising the following steps:connecting an electronic device adapted to generate electric current waves having a sinusoidal waveform having a fundamental frequency higher than 2 MHz, to one or more ...

VEHICLE-MOUNTED EQUIPMENT OPERATING DEVICE

Provided are a rotary operating element which is rotated about an axis of a rotation shaft with an operator's finger when operating or stopping vehicle-mounted equipment mounted on a vehicle, a rotary encoder which detects displacement of rotation of the rotary operating element about the axis; and a housing which accommodates the rotary operating element and the rotary encoder and holds the rotary operating element so as to be relatively rotatable about the axis. The rotary operating element has an accommodating chamber in which the rotary encoder is accommodated. 1. A vehicle-mounted equipment operating device comprising:a rotary operating element that is rotated about an axis of a rotation shaft with an operator's finger when operating or stopping vehicle-mounted equipment mounted on a vehicle;a rotary encoder that detects displacement of rotation of the rotary operating element about the axis; anda housing that accommodates the rotary operating element and the rotary encoder and holds the rotary operating element so as to be relatively rotatable about the axis, whereinthe rotary operating element includes an accommodating chamber in which the rotary encoder is accommodated.2. The vehicle-mounted equipment operating device according to claim 1 , whereinthe housing holds the rotary operating element so as to relatively reciprocate together with the rotary encoder in a direction orthogonal to the rotation shaft, andthe vehicle-mounted equipment operating device further comprises:a push operation detection unit that detects relative movement of the rotary operating element, which is pushed in one direction during the reciprocation by the finger of the operator, with respect to the housing, andan elastic member that returns the rotary operating element pushed by the operator to an original position.3. The vehicle-mounted equipment operating device according to further comprising:a longitudinal member that protrudes and extends from at least one of a left end and a ...

CIRCUIT BREAKERS WITH HANDLE BEARING PINS

Circuit breakers with handles having at least one handle bearing pin that contacts an upper end portion of a moving arm and allows the arm to rotate to “OFF”, “ON” and “TRIP” positions, typically about 90 degrees of rotation. 1. A circuit breaker comprising:a housing;a pivotable handle held by the housing;at least one pin held by the handle such that a longitudinal axis of the at least one pin is parallel to and offset from a pivot axis of the pivotable handle; anda moveable contact arm comprising a first end portion engaging the at least one pin and configured to move responsive to a force applied to the first end portion of the arm by the pivotable handle through the at least one pin.2. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the arm has a second end portion opposing the first end portion claim 1 , wherein the first end portion of the arm is held in an arm receiving channel in the handle and the second end portion comprises an electrical movable contact claim 1 , the circuit breaker further comprising a stationary electrical contact held in the housing so as to selectively electrically engage the movable contact claim 1 , and wherein the first end portion of the arm moves against the at least one pin as the arm and handle move between ON and OFF positions in the housing.3. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the circuit breaker has a TRIP operative position claim 1 , and wherein the first end portion of the arm moves against the at least one pin as the arm and handle move between the ON and OFF positions and the TRIP position.4. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the at least one pin is a single pin that provides the only direct moving contact between the arm and the handle.5. The circuit breaker of claim 1 , wherein the at least one pin is a single pin claim 1 , and wherein claim 1 , with the circuit breaker oriented with the handle extending upward claim 1 , the first end portion of the arm moves back and forth under the pin while in continuous ...

LIVING FATTY MATERIAL FROM WHICH IMMUNITY IS REMOVED AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

The present invention relates to a living fatty material from which immunity is removed, and a method for manufacturing the same, and more specifically, to a living fat tissue from which immunity is removed and to a method for manufacturing the same, comprising the steps of collecting fat tissues; irradiating the fat tissues with 20 to 500 kGy of gamma (γ) rays; and applying centrifugal separation of the fat tissues irradiated with gamma rays. 1. A method for manufacturing a living fatty material from which immunity is removed , comprising:collecting fat tissues;irradiating the fat tissues with gamma ray at a dose of 20-500 kGy; andcentrifuging the irradiated fat tissues.2. The method for manufacturing a living fatty material from which immunity is removed according to claim 1 , wherein the gamma ray irradiation is performed at a low temperature of −60° C.-10° C.3. The method for manufacturing a living fatty material from which immunity is removed according to claim 2 , wherein the low temperature is maintained by placing at least one cold energy storage material selected from dry ice claim 2 , low temperature isopropyl alcohol claim 2 , ice claim 2 , and a low temperature metal block within the space for gamma ray irradiation.4. The method for manufacturing a living fatty material from which immunity is removed according to claim 1 , wherein the collecting of fat tissues is performed using a syringe which is treatable with gamma ray irradiation.5. The method for manufacturing a living fatty material from which immunity is removed according to claim 1 , further comprising a packing step after collecting the fat tissues for sealing purpose claim 1 , wherein the packing is performed by directly using a container where the fat tissues are contained therein claim 1 , which is treatable with gamma ray irradiation and also includes a connecting cap capable of opening/closing the container.6. The method for manufacturing a living fatty material from which immunity is ...

Circuit breaker handle actuation device

A circuit breaker handle actuation device used in conjunction with a circuit breaker having a circuit breaker handle and an external handle located on an electrical enclosure. The device includes a stationary frame having first and second horizontal supports. The device also includes a rotatable frame having first and second horizontal elements which extend from first and second vertical elements, respectively. The first and second vertical elements are rotatably attached to the first and second horizontal supports. In addition, an opening for receiving the circuit breaker handle is located between the first and second vertical elements. Further, the device includes a rotatable bracket having first and second vertical arms which are rotatably attached to the first and second horizontal elements, respectively, wherein the rotatable bracket is connected to the external handle. Movement of the external handle between ON, OFF and RESET/PARK positions causes corresponding movement of the circuit breaker handle.

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR ACTIVATING CIRCUIT BREAKER ACCESSORIES

A device is provided for use with a circuit breaker that includes an actuator adapted to move in a first direction in response to an over-current and/or a short circuit condition, and a circuit breaker accessory that includes an actuation mechanism. The device includes a linkage having a first end adapted to be coupled to the actuator and a second end adapted to be disposed adjacent the actuation mechanism. Movement of the actuator in the first direction allows the linkage to move in a second direction different from the first direction from a first position to a second position to activate the circuit breaker accessory. Numerous other aspects are provided. 1. A device for use with a circuit breaker and a circuit breaker accessory , the circuit breaker including an actuator adapted to move in a first direction in response to at least one of an over-current and a short circuit condition and the circuit breaker accessory including an actuation mechanism , the device comprising:a linkage including a first end adapted to be coupled to the actuator and a second end adapted to be disposed adjacent the actuation mechanism,wherein movement of the actuator in the first direction allows the linkage to move in a second direction different from the first direction, from a first position to a second position to activate the circuit breaker accessory.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein:when the linkage is in the first position, the second end does not contact the actuation mechanism; andwhen the linkage is in the second position, the second end contacts the actuation mechanism.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein when the linkage is in the second position claim 2 , the second end depresses the actuation mechanism to activate the circuit breaker accessory.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the second end of the linkage comprises a surface adapted to make engaging contact with the actuation mechanism.5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first lever adapted to be disposed ...

Cephalopod Proteins as Proton Conductors

The disclosed invention relates to novel materials and associated methods for conducting protons, such materials comprising cephalopod proton-conducting proteins such as reflectins. The protonic conductivity of such cephalopod proton-conducting proteins may be modulated by the application of an electric field. The invention further encompasses protonic transistors comprising a cephalopod proton-conducting protein channel. The transistors and related devices of the invention are amenable to use in biological systems for the sensing or manipulation of protonic flows within the biological system. 1. A protonic transistor , comprisinga source electrode;a drain electrode;a protonic channel structure comprising a cephalopod proton-conducting protein comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 and/or a reflectin; anda gate electrode in contact with or in proximity to the protonic channel structure.2. The protonic transistor of claim 1 , whereinthe source and drain electrodes comprise metal hydride electrodes.3. The protonic transistor of claim 1 , whereinthe protonic channel structure has a thickness of 0.20-0.50 microns.4. The protonic transistor of claim 1 , whereinthe transistor is present on a filamentous probe capable of insertion into the intracellular or extracellular space of a biological system.5. A device comprising a proton emitter or absorber for controllably emitting or withdrawing protons from the surrounding aqueous environment of the device claim 1 , comprising claim 1 ,a proton source or sink, comprising a composition capable of donating or accepting protons;an encasing structure which isolates the proton source or sink from the external environment, wherein the encasing structure comprises a protonic channel structure comprising a protein comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 and/or a reflectin; anda gating electrode in contact with or in proximity to the protonic channel structure which may apply sufficient electric field to the protonic channel structure to induce increased proton ...

TOGGLE SWITCH HAVING IMPROVED MOULDED SEALING COMPONENT, AND ASSEMBLY WITH SUCH A TOGGLE SWITCH AND A SUPPORT PANEL

A toggle switch includes a hollow base, a switch mechanism, a cover, a bushing extending from the cover, a toggle lever, and a one piece resilient sealing component. The sealing component includes a lever seal surrounding the toggle lever and covering the inner wall of the bushing for sealing a space between the toggle lever and the bushing. A cover seal forms a lower closed sealing ring compressed between the cover and the base for sealing the cover to the base. The one piece resilient sealing component also includes an upper closed sealing ring surrounding the bushing and extending on a portion of the upper surface of the cover for cooperating with a panel for mounting the switch. 1. A toggle switch comprising:a base open at its top for accommodating a switch mechanism;a cover closing the top of the base;a bushing vertically and upwardly extending from the cover;a toggle lever extending through the bushing and pivotally mounted with respect to the bushing; and a lever seal surrounding the toggle lever and covering an inner wall of the bushing for sealing a space between the toggle lever and the bushing, and', 'a cover seal forming a lower closed sealing ring that is compressed between the cover and the upper portion of the base for sealing the cover to the base,', 'wherein the resilient sealing component comprises an upper closed sealing ring surrounding the bushing and extending on a portion of the upper surface of the cover., 'a one piece resilient sealing component comprising2. The toggle switch of claim 1 , wherein:the cover comprises a through hole; andthe resilient sealing component comprises a connecting portion extending through the through hole for connecting the upper closed sealing ring to the lower closed sealing ring.3. The toggle switch of claim 2 , wherein:the cover comprises a plurality of through holes arranged around the bushing; andthe resilient sealing component comprises a plurality of connecting portions, each of the connecting portions ...

TARGETED REMOTE ELECTROSTIMULATION BY INTERFERENCE OF BIPOLAR NANOSECOND PULSES

Provided herein are methods of generating a biologically effective unipolar nanosecond electric pulse by superposing two biologically ineffective bipolar nanosecond electric pulses and related aspects, such as electroporation and/or therapeutic applications of these methods to non-invasively target electrostimulation (ES) selectively to deep tissues and organs. 1. A method of generating a biologically effective unipolar nanosecond electric pulse , the method comprising superposing a first biologically ineffective bipolar nanosecond electric pulse generated from a first stimuli and a second biologically ineffective bipolar nanosecond electric pulse generated from a second stimuli to create the biologically effective unipolar nanosecond electric pulse at a location remote from the first and second stimuli.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biologically effective unipolar nanosecond electric pulse has an enhanced stimulus efficiency as compared to the first or second biologically ineffective bipolar nanosecond electric pulse generated in the absence of the superposing step claim 1 ,wherein the first or second biologically ineffective bipolar nanosecond electric pulse generated in the absence of the superposing step induces a cancellation effect caused by a second phase of the first or second biologically ineffective bipolar nanosecond electric pulse cancelling or reducing a stimulatory effect of a first phase of the first or second biologically ineffective bipolar nanosecond electric pulse, andwherein the enhanced stimulus efficiency of the biologically effective unipolar nanosecond electric pulse is caused by cancelling or reducing the cancellation effect.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first stimuli comprises a first pair of electrodes and the second stimuli comprises a second pair of electrodes claim 1 , the first and second pair of electrodes each connected to an independent nanosecond electric pulse-delivering channel.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein ...

METHOD OF EXTRACTING NEURAL STEM CELLS USING NANOPARTICLES

A method of extracting neural stem cells from a living subject, comprising the steps of introducing magnetic nanoparticles into the subject, targeting the neural stem cells with the magnetic nanoparticles to form magnetic nanoparticle-targeted cells, isolating the magnetic nanoparticle-targeted cells, extracting the magnetic nanoparticles-targeted cells from the subject. 1. A method of extracting biological cells from a subject , comprising:(a) introducing magnetic nanoparticles into the subject,(b) targeting biological cells with the magnetic nanoparticles to form magnetic nanoparticle-targeted cells,(c) isolating the magnetic nanoparticle-targeted cells,(d) extracting the magnetic nanoparticles-targeted cells from the subject.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of targeting further comprises a step of incubating the biological cells with the magnetic nanoparticles.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of isolating further comprises a step of agitating the magnetic nanoparticle-targeted cells.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the step of agitating comprises using of magnetic force.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the magnetic force is applied external to the subject.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are coated with silica.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are surface conjugated with cell markers.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic nanoparticles are fluorescent.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the cell markers comprise stem cells surface markers.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the stem cells surface markers comprise antibodies CD133.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biological cells are neural stem cells.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is performed at a subventricular zone of a brain of the subject.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

ROTATING DUAL DOUBLE HELIX CONDUCTORS

A system including one or more rotatable bodies having an underlying structure resembling a double helix may be arranged and used, to produce useful electromagnetic effects for various applications. 1. A system comprising:a support structure configured to support a body, wherein the body is rotatable with respect to the support structure; a first runner and a second runner that are intertwined and helically wound around each other in a double helix that forms a toroidal shape, the toroidal shape having a center, wherein the toroidal shape is bisected by a plane that includes the center and divides the toroidal shape into two similar circular halves; and', 'a first conductive wire spirally wound around the first runner; and, 'the body includingone or more power sources that (i) provide an alternating current to the first conductive wire, and (ii) provide power to rotate the body with respect to the support structure at more than one revolution per second,wherein the body is rotatable around a rotational axis, wherein the rotational axis is positioned within the plane, wherein the rotational axis intersects the center, wherein the body is arranged such that an organism is positioned near the center, andwherein the system is configured to generate an electromagnetic effect responsive to the alternating current being provided such that the electromagnetic effect promotes growth of the organism.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the body rotates at a particular number of revolutions per second claim 1 , and wherein the particular number of revolutions corresponds to a frequency of the alternating current.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the toroidal shape has at least two complete revolutions.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive wire is arranged at a fixed distance from the first runner.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive wire is a twisted wire.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more current sources are further ...

THERANOSTIC METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MALARIA

Methods, systems, and apparatuses for employing nanobubbles for theranostic purposes are provided. In one embodiment, a method comprising introducing a photothermal nanobubble into a malaria-infected red blood cell is provided. 1. A method comprising introducing a photothermal nanobubble into a malaria-infected red blood cell.2. A method comprising:providing a red blood cell comprising a malaria-specific nanoparticle; andapplying a short laser pulse to the red blood cell sufficient to form a photothermal nanobubble.3. A method comprising:detecting the presence a malaria-specific nanoparticle;destroying the malaria-specific parasite that contains the malaria-specific nanoparticle; andreceiving real-time guidance on the destruction of the parasite.4. The method of or , wherein the malaria-specific nanoparticle comprises a hemozoin nanocrystal.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein detecting the presence a malaria-specific nanoparticle comprises generating one or more optical signals associated with a photothermal nanobubble generated around the malaria-specific nanoparticle.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein detecting the presence a malaria-specific nanoparticle comprises generating an acoustic signal associated with a photothermal nanobubble generated around the nanoparticle.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein destroying the malaria-specific parasite comprises photoexcitation of the malaria-specific nanoparticle through a short laser pulse resulting in a photothermal nanobubble of a diameter sufficient to cause mechanical destruction of the malaria-specific parasite.8. The method of or claim 3 , wherein the photothermal nanobubble is of a diameter sufficient to cause mechanical destruction of a parasitic food vacuole.9. The method of or claim 3 , wherein the photothermal nanobubble is of a diameter sufficient to cause mechanical destruction of a malaria-infected cell.10. The method of claim 3 , wherein receiving real-time guidance on the destruction of the malaria- ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FABRICATING A MICROCHANNEL VASCULAR NETWORK DEVICE AND SEEDING A MICROCHANNEL

A method of fabricating a microchannel device is provided. The method includes determining, based on a plurality of design criteria, a microchannel vascular network design. The microchannel vascular network design includes a first channel network, a second microchannel network based on the first channel network, and a structure for providing fluidic communication through between the first channel network and the second channel network. The method includes receiving, in electronic form, the microchannel vascular network design at a fabrication system. The fabrication system comprises a pre-polymer solution. The method includes forming, based on the microchannel vascular network design, a microchannel vascular network device of a polymer material at the fabrication system using the pre-polymer solution, thereby fabricating the microchannel vascular network device. 1. A method of fabricating a microchannel vascular network device , the method comprising: a first channel network,', 'a second microchannel network based on the first channel network, and', 'a structure for providing fluidic communication through between the first channel network and the second channel network;, '(A) determining, based on a plurality of design criteria, a microchannel vascular network design, wherein the microchannel vascular network design comprises(B) receiving, in electronic form, the microchannel vascular network design at a fabrication system, wherein the fabrication system comprises a pre-polymer solution; and(C) forming, based on the microchannel vascular network design, a microchannel vascular network device of a polymer material at the fabrication system using the pre-polymer solution, thereby fabricating the microchannel vascular network device.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer material comprises poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) claim 1 , poly-glycerol-sebacate (PGS) claim 1 , polylactic acid (PLA) claim 1 , poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) claim 1 , poly-D-lactic ...

Process for the Preparation of Amoebocyte Lysate from Haemolymph of the Horseshoe Crab

The present invention relates to a non-destructive process for the preparation of amoebocyte lysate from the haemolymph of horseshoe crab, characterized by the steps of firstly, means for acclimatizing a live specimen of horseshoe crab in treated seawater under controlled conditions; then, means for cleaning the live specimen, including cleaning the base of the last pair of thoracic appendages of the live specimen; next, means for withdrawing the haemolymph through the base of the last pair of thoracic appendage under aseptic condition; then, means for transferring the collected haemolymph into a pre-cooled disposable centrifuge tube; then, means for centrifuging the collected haemolymph to separate amoebocyte cells from lymph; then, means for decanting the lymph out of the disposable centrifuge tube; then, means for washing the white amoebocyte cells and centrifuging; then, means for sonicating the amoebocyte cells for lysing of the amoebocyte cells; then, means for storing the sonicated amoebocyte cells for further lysing of the amoebocyte cells; then, means for centrifuging the sonicated mixture, thereby separating the amoebocyte lysate in the form of a supernatant; then, means for decanting the amoebocyte lysate into a sterilized vessel; then, means for pre-freezing the amoebocyte lysate; and subsequently, freeze-drying the amoebocyte lysate. 1. A non-destructive process for the preparation of amoebocyte lysate from the haemolymph of horseshoe crab , characterized by the steps of:firstly, means for acclimatizing a live specimen of horseshoe crab in treated seawater under controlled conditions;then, means for cleaning the live specimen, including cleaning the base of the last pair of thoracic appendages of the live specimen;then, means for withdrawing the haemolymph from the live specimen through the base of the last pair of thoracic appendage under aseptic condition;then, means for transferring the collected haemolymph into a pre-cooled disposable centrifuge ...

Enhanced Stem Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Production Through the Administration of Low Level Light Energy

Methods of enhancing stem cell therapy through the administration of low level light energy are provided in several embodiments. Some embodiments comprise irradiating stem cells before or after implantation at a target tissue having loss of function due to damage or disease, with a resultant increase in the efficacy of the cell therapy. In some embodiments, light energy enhances one or more of the viability, proliferation, migration or engraftment of the stem cells, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effects of the irradiated cells during cell therapy. 19-. (canceled)10. A method for enhancing the efficacy of stem cell therapy in a mammal comprising:identifying a mammal having a tissue with impaired function;administering one or more stem cells to said tissue;providing a low level light therapy (LLLT) device, wherein said LLLT device has a light emitting surface that emits light energy;delivering light energy to said tissue,wherein the light energy has a wavelength between about 600 nm and about 1100 nm, andwherein the light energy enhances one or more of the viability, engraftment, proliferation, migration, or differentiation of said administered stem cells, thereby enhancing the efficacy of said stem cell therapy.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said tissue with impaired function is neural tissue having impaired function due to degenerative neural disease.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the degenerative neural disease is selected form the group consisting of Parkinson's disease claim 11 , Alzheimer's disease claim 11 , Huntington's disease claim 11 , dopaminergic impairment claim 11 , and dementia.13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the impaired neural function is a result of injury to the neurons.14. The method of claim 10 , wherein said light energy is delivered to said stem cells prior to administration of said stem cells to said impaired tissue.15. The method of claim 10 , wherein said light energy is delivered to said stem cells after administration ...

ELECTRICAL STIMULATION APPARATUS

An electrical stimulation apparatus including a plurality of stimulation units that provide electrical stimulations to a target material disposed in a chamber that receives the target material and a culture medium, wherein each of the plurality of stimulation units comprises a target region on which the target material is disposed, and a first electrode and a second electrode disposed spaced apart from each other, having the target region therebetween, and at least two of the plurality of stimulation units provides different electrical stimulations to the target material. 1. An electrical stimulation apparatus comprising:a plurality of stimulation units disposed in a chamber configured to receive a target material,wherein each of the plurality of stimulation units comprises a target region that binds a target material, and a first electrode and a second electrode disposed apart from each other and having the target region positioned therebetween, andwherein at least two of the plurality of stimulation units are configured to provide different electrical stimulations to the target material.2. The electrical stimulation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electrical stimulations are provided by a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.3. The electrical stimulation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the target region comprises a material that adheres to a cell claim 1 , an exosome claim 1 , a protein claim 1 , or a nucleic acid.4. The electrical stimulation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged symmetrically with respect to the target region.5. The electrical stimulation apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged on a same substrate as the target region claim 1 , and longitudinal dimensions of the first electrode and the second electrode are in parallel with the surface of the substrate on which the electrodes are arranged.6. The electrical stimulation ...

LIMIT SWITCH

The invention relates to a limit switch comprising: 1. Limit switch comprising:{'b': 1', '2, 'a body () and a head () arranged on a main axis (X),'}{'b': 3', '2, 'an actuation member () fixed to the head () and that can be actuated by pivoting in a pivoting plane,'}{'b': 30', '3, 'a shaft () that can be actuated in rotation about an axis of rotation (Y) by pivoting of the actuation member (),'}{'b': 4', '40, 'a plunger () mounted on a spring (),'}{'b': 30', '4', '30', '4, 'a cam mechanism arranged on the shaft () and on the plunger () to convert the rotational movement of the shaft () into a translational movement of the plunger () and vice versa,'}{'b': 5', '4, 'a switching device () controlled by the plunger (),'}characterized in that the cam mechanism comprises:{'b': 7', '70', '30, 'a first cam () and a first cam follower (), arranged to cooperate with one another so as to generate between them a first non-zero rotational torque over a first range of rotation of the shaft () in a direction of rotation of the shaft,'}{'b': 8', '80, 'a second cam () and a second cam follower (), arranged to cooperate with one another so as to generate between them a second non-zero rotational torque over a second range of rotation of the shaft, situated beyond the first range of rotation in the same direction of rotation of the shaft.'}230. Limit switch according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first rotational torque is zero over the second range of rotation of the shaft ().3783070804. Limit switch according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first cam () and the second cam () are juxtaposed along the shaft () and in that the first cam follower () and the second cam follower () are juxtaposed on the plunger ().4404. Limit switch according to claim 1 , characterized in that the spring () is a compression spring stressing the plunger () in translation in an axial direction.53. Limit switch according to claim 1 , characterized in that the actuation member () is a lever or ...

A Method and System for Separating Biomolecules

A separation system, a method in a separation system and an elution arrangement to be provided in a separation system for separating a biomolecule from a cell culture are provided. The method comprises the steps of: —providing a feed from a cell culture () comprising said biomolecule to a magnetic separator () and providing to the magnetic separator magnetic beads comprising ligands capable of binding this biomolecule; —separating by the magnetic separator said magnetic beads with bound biomolecules from the rest of the feed; —forwarding said magnetic beads as a slurry with an added buffer to an elution cell (); —eluting the bound biomolecules in the elution cell. 1. A method in a separation system for separating a biomolecule from a cell culture , comprising the steps of:providing a feed from a cell culture comprising said biomolecule to a magnetic separator and providing to the magnetic separator magnetic beads comprising ligands capable of binding this biomolecule;separating by the magnetic separator said magnetic beads with bound biomolecules from the rest of the feed;forwarding said magnetic beads as a slurry with an added buffer to an elution cell and;eluting the bound biomolecules in the elution cell.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising forwarding the magnetic beads from the elution cell for reuse in the magnetic separator.3. The method according to or claim 1 , further comprising a step of:mixing the feed from the cell culture and the magnetic beads in a capturing cell before they are provided to the magnetic separator allowing the biomolecules to bind to the magnetic beads.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of separating comprises:applying a magnetic field to the magnetic separator allowing the magnetic beads to bind magnetically to parts of magnetic material inside the magnetic separator;washing out other components from the magnetic separator than those magnetically bound to the parts of magnetic material;and wherein ...

BUCKET ASSEMBLIES FOR MOTOR CONTROL CENTERS (MCC) WITH DISCONNECT ASSEMBLIES AND RELATED MCC CABINETS AND METHODS

Circuit breakers with a rotary handle attached to an inwardly oriented shaft that connects to a gear assembly that translates rotational input to linear input also include a trip assist spring in communication with the rack gear so that, in operation, the trip assist spring applies a force to the operator slider and forces the handle to a consistent trip position. 1. A bucket assembly , comprising:an external rotary handle having a defined ON position and OFF position associated with conduction and non-conduction;a shaft attached to the rotary handle and extending into the bucket assembly;an operator mechanism cooperably engaging the shaft, the operator mechanism comprising a gear assembly with a rack gear that linearly moves an operator slider;a circuit breaker in the bucket assembly having a lever in communication with the operator slider; anda trip assist spring that cooperates with the rack gear to move the external rotary handle to a defined consistent orientation when the circuit breaker trips.2. The bucket assembly of claim 1 , wherein the rotary handle ON and OFF positions are about 90 degrees apart.3. The bucket assembly of claim 1 , wherein the trip assist spring applies a force to bias the operator slider to reside at a location that is at a medial position of its sliding travel path.4. The bucket assembly of claim 1 , wherein the rotary handle has an externally visible protruding shaped feature or member.5. A bucket assembly claim 1 , comprising:a rotary handle attached to an inwardly oriented shaft;a drive gear in communication with the shaft so that rotation of the rotary handle rotates the drive gear;a pinion gear in communication with the drive gear;a rack gear in communication with the pinion gear;an operator slider in communication with the rack gear;a stationary operator base in communication with the operator slider and attached to a circuit breaker;a breaker lever in communication with the operator slider; anda trip assist spring in ...

ELECTRICAL SWITCH UNIT FOR AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE

An electrical switch unit for use in an electrical device to control flow of electrical current therethrough from a power source to power the electrical device, the electrical switch unit comprising: a fixed electrical contact and a movable electrical contact, said movable electrical contact being configured for movement relative to the fixed electrical contact between an ON position in which the movable electrical contact is in contact with the fixed electrical contact wherein electrical current is able to flow from the power source therethrough to power the electrical device, and, an OFF position in which the movable electrical contact is out of contact with the fixed electrical contact wherein electrical current from the power source is not able to flow from the power source therethrough to power the electrical device; a contact mover movably coupled to a terminal member, the contact mover being configured for movement relative to the terminal member so as to move the movable electrical contact between the ON position and the OFF position; and a biasing member coupling the contact mover and the terminal member together such that said biasing member is configured to act upon the contact mover as the contact mover moves the movable electrical contact relative to the fixed electrical contact between the ON position and the OFF position; wherein when the movable electrical contact is arranged in the ON position, electrical current is able to flow along an electrical current path comprising the terminal member, the contact mover and the movable electrical contact in series, and, wherein an electrical insulation member is arranged in series with the biasing member between the contact mover and the terminal member whereby said electrical insulation member electrically insulates the biasing member from electrical current flow therethrough when the movable electrical contact is arranged in the ON position. 1. An electrical switch unit for use in an electrical device to ...

ACOUSTIC MANIPULATION PROCESS AND ACOUSTIC MANIPULATION DEVICE

An acoustic manipulation process and acoustic manipulation device are disclosed. The acoustic manipulation process includes providing a device having a pathway positioned to receive a flow of a particle-containing fluid, transporting the particle-containing fluid into the pathway, and applying standing surface acoustic waves to the particle-containing fluid while the particle-containing fluid is flowing through the pathway. The applying of the standing surface acoustic waves to the particle-containing fluid includes nodes and anti-nodes of the standing surface acoustic waves extending through the particle-containing fluid. The acoustic manipulation device includes a pathway positioned to receive a flow of a particle-containing fluid, and a mechanism for generating and applying standing surface acoustic waves to the particle-containing fluid while the particle-containing fluid is flowing through the pathway. 1. An acoustic manipulation process , comprising:providing an acoustic manipulation device having a pathway positioned to receive a flow of a particle-containing fluid;transporting the particle-containing fluid into the pathway; andapplying standing surface acoustic waves to the particle-containing fluid while the particle-containing fluid is flowing through the pathway;wherein the applying of the standing surface acoustic waves to the particle-containing fluid includes nodes and anti-nodes of the standing surface acoustic waves extending through the particle-containing fluid.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the flowing of the particle-containing fluid occurs for at least 5 seconds.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the flowing of the particle-containing fluid occurs in a direction parallel with the applying of the standing surface acoustic waves.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pathway for the transporting of the particle-containing fluid into the device includes a plurality of channels.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of channels ...

Battery Housing

A cell housing is disclosed. The cell housing may include a case extending between a first side, a second side, an open top end and an integrated bottom end. The cell housing may additionally include a body extending between an inner surface and an outer surface and the body may include a first layer comprising a first three-dimensional network of fibers including α-glucan and chitin, a second layer comprising a second three-dimensional network of fibers including α-glucan and chitin and include a plurality of cellulosic fibers positioned between the first layer and the second layer. 1. A cell housing , comprising:a case extending between a first side, a second side, an open top end and an integrated bottom end; anda body extending between an inner surface and an outer surface, the body comprising a first layer comprising a first three-dimensional network of fibers including α-glucan and chitin, a second layer comprising a second three-dimensional network of fibers including α-glucan and chitin and a plurality of cellulosic fibers having a length to diameter ratio of at least ten to one positioned between the first layer and the second layer.2. The cell housing according to claim 1 , further including a cap claim 1 , the cap including a cap-body extending between a top surface and a bottom surface claim 1 , the cap-body including a third layer comprising a third three-dimensional network of fibers including α-glucan and chitin and a fourth layer comprising a fourth three-dimensional network of fibers including α-glucan and chitin.3. The cell housing according to claim 2 , the first three-dimensional network of fibers being a three-dimensional network of mycelium fibers claim 2 , the second three-dimensional network of fibers being a three-dimensional network of mycelium fibers claim 2 , the third three-dimensional network of fibers being a three-dimensional network of mycelium fibers and the fourth three-dimensional network of fibers being a three-dimensional ...

Cell Washing Device Using a Wave

A system is disclosed for washing a selected component and removing the selected component from a wash material. The selected component may include red blood cells that are washed to remove a rejuvenating solution. The red blood cells may then be removed with various systems, such as a standing acoustic wave system from the wash solution. Pumps and flow restrictors that provide steady flow from pumps that generate pulsed flow are also disclosed. 1. A system for separating a component from a wash material , comprising:a. a base unit comprising mounts and either a wave generator or electrical contacts and components selected from the group consisting of first and second pumps, first and second valves, first and second sensors, a plurality of clips and combinations thereof; andb. a disposable set comprising a separation chip coupled to a first pulse suppressor and a second pulse suppressor, a first conduit coupled to the first pulse suppressor at a first end of the first conduit, and a second conduit coupled to the second pulse suppressor at a first end of the second conduit, and a third and fourth conduit coupled to the separation chip at a first end of the third conduit and at a first end of the fourth conduit,wherein the separation chip includes a wave generator when the base unit comprises electrical contacts, andwherein the separation chip of the disposable set snaps into the mounts of the base unit.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the disposable set further comprises a filter coupled to the second conduit claim 1 , a connecting component positioned at a second end of the first conduit and a connecting component positioned at a second end of the second conduit.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the disposable set further comprises a first waste container coupled to a second end of the third conduit and a second waste container coupled to a second end of the fourth conduit.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the base unit comprises an ...

DEVICE FOR ELECTRICALLY DISINTEGRATING CELL CLUSTERS

A device () for electrically disintegrating cell clusters, comprising: an electrode unit () which has an electrode head () and an electrode body (); a chamber () within which the electrode body () is arranged, wherein the chamber () has a wall () which is electrically conductive in some sections or completely and which is electrically insulated from the electrode body (), and wherein the chamber () has an inlet () for receiving fluid containing cell clusters; a high-voltage source () which is arranged in the electrode head () and which is designed to produce an electric field by applying a voltage between the electrode body () and the wall (), and an electronic control unit (), which interacts with the high-voltage source in order to change the electric field. 19-. (canceled)10. A device for electrically disintegrating cell clusters , comprising:an electrode unit which has an electrode head and an electrode body;a chamber within which the electrode body is arranged, wherein the chamber has a wall which is electrically conductive in some sections or completely and which is electrically insulated from the electrode body, and wherein the chamber has an inlet for receiving fluid containing cell clusters;a high-voltage source which is arranged in the electrode head and which is designed to produce an electric field by applying a voltage between the electrode body and the wall; andan electronic control unit which interacts with the high-voltage source in order to change the electric field,wherein the electronic control unit has means for determining the resonance frequency of the high-voltage source,wherein the high-voltage source has a primary coil which is wound around the same core, and the high-voltage coil is a secondary coil.11. The device according to claim 10 , wherein the high-voltage source has a high-voltage coil and a measuring coil claim 10 , wherein the measuring coil is connected to the means for determining the resonance frequency claim 10 , and wherein ...

IN VITRO METHOD FOR STEM CELL PROLIFERATION AND USE OF A DEVICE FOR INCREASING THE PROLIFERATION OF STEM CELLS IN VITRO

In vitro method for stem cell proliferation and use of a device for increasing the proliferation of stem cells in vitro 1. In vitro method for proliferation of stem cells comprising treating the stem cell culture using alternating current having a frequency in the range of 0.4 MHz to 0.6 MHz.2. Method according to claim 1 , the stem cells are human mesenchymal stem cells.3. Method according to claim 2 , wherein the human mesenchymal stem cells are derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue.4. Method according to claim 3 , wherein the human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue are from a passage of between 3 and 6.5. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the radiofrequency current has a frequency in the range of 0.4 MHz to 0.5 MHz.6. Method according to claim 5 , wherein the radiofrequency current has a frequency of 0.448 MHz.7. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment lasts 48 hours.8. Method according to claim 1 , the treatment is applied in pulses lasting 5 minutes and separated by rests lasting 4 hours.9. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the current density of the radiofrequency current is 50 μA/mm.10. In vitro method for proliferation of stem cells comprising:{'sup': 2', '2, 'a) seeding the stem cells at a density of between 725 cells/cmand 1360 cells/cm;'}b) treating the stem cell culture using alternating current having a frequency in the range of 0.4 MHz to 0.6 MHz;c) maintaining the stem cells in culture; andd) harvesting the stem cells.1112-. (canceled)13. Method according to claim 1 , wherein a radiofrequency generating device is used for 48 hours to apply pulses of current lasting 5 minutes with rests of 4 hours between said pulses of current with a current density of 50 μA/mm.14. (canceled)15. Method according to claim 10 , wherein a radiofrequency generating device is used for 48 hours to apply pulses of current lasting 5 minutes with rests of 4 hours between said pulses of current with a current density of 50 μA/mm. The ...

ELECTROKINETIC CONFINEMENT OF NEURITE GROWTH FOR DYNAMICALLY CONFIGURABLE NEURAL NETWORKS

Systems and methods for altering neurite growth are generally described. In some embodiments, a system may include a neuron comprising a neurite and electrodes able to generate a physical guidance cue. The physical guidance cue may be used to alter the growth of the neurite and may be temporally and spatially dynamic, such that neurite growth may be altered in a spatial and/or temporal manner. Dynamic control of neurite growth may be used to form directional neural connections, intersections, and/or overlaps. 1. A method , comprising:providing a neuron comprising one or more neurite;providing an alternating current electric field; anddirectionally guiding elongation of one or more neurite using the alternating current electric field.24-. (canceled)5. A method , comprising:providing a neuron comprising a neurite;providing a physical guidance cue, wherein the physical guidance cue can reversibly arrest growth of the neurite; andcontrolling growth of the neurite using the physical guidance cue.6. (canceled)7. A method , comprising:providing more than one neuron, wherein each neuron comprises one or more neurite;providing an electric field;controlling a neurite independently of another neurite; andforming a neural network from the more than one neuron.8. (canceled)9. A method as in claim 1 , comprising forming a unidirectional neuronal connection.10. A method as in claim 1 , comprising forming an axon diode.11. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the electric field is reconfigurable.12. A method as in claim 1 , comprising guiding neurite elongation in two dimensions.13. A method as in claim 1 , comprising guiding neurite elongation in three dimensions.14. A method as in claim 1 , comprising inhibiting elongation to a channel claim 1 , where the magnitude of the electric field in the channel is less than 100 V/m15. A method as in claim 1 , comprising guiding elongation of the neurite by changing the electric field.163. A method as in claim claim 1 , wherein the electric ...

ELECTROKINETIC CONFINEMENT OF NEURITE GROWTH FOR DYNAMICALLY CONFIGURABLE NEURAL NETWORKS

Systems and methods for altering neurite growth are generally described. In some embodiments, a system may include a neuron comprising a neurite and electrodes able to generate a physical guidance cue. The physical guidance cue may be used to alter the growth of the neurite and may be temporally and spatially dynamic, such that neurite growth may be altered in a spatial and/or temporal manner. Dynamic control of neurite growth may be used to form directional neural connections, intersections, and/or overlaps. 1. (canceled)2. A method , comprising:guiding growth of a neurite such that it overlaps a second neurite.3. A method , comprising:within a three-dimensional scaffold, directionally guiding elongation of a first population of neurites and a second population of neurites to form a neural network between the first and second population of neurites using an electric field.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. An article , comprising:A first channel connected to a first chamber and a second chamber; anda first electrode pair aligned with at least a portion of the first channel, wherein a portion of the first electrode pair overlaps with at least a portion of the first chamber and wherein a center to center spacing between the first electrode pair is less than or equal to about 200 microns.7. An article as in claim 6 , comprising a second electrode pair aligned with the first channel.8. An article as claim 6 , wherein the first electrode pair is substantially parallel to the first channel.912-. (canceled)13. An article as in claim 6 , wherein a portion of the first electrode pair overlaps with at least a portion of the second chamber.14. An article as in claim 7 , wherein a portion of the second electrode pair overlaps with at least a portion of the second chamber.15. (canceled)1615. An article as in - claim 5 , wherein the first and second chambers are adapted and arranged to house a living cell and promote cell growth.1720-. (canceled)21. A method as in claim 2 , comprising ...

ACTUATION SYSTEM FOR AN ELECTRICAL SWITCHING DEVICE

A locking module of an arming system including accumulation device, the module including a lever, second end including a bearing surface, the accumulation device exerting a thrust force on the first end when it is in the armed state; a lock element intended to adopt a first position to oppose the thrust force and a second position to stop opposing the thrust force; the module being characterized in that a shoe fixed to the lever is interposed between the bearing surface and the contact surface when the bearing surface is bearing against the contact surface, the width of the surface of the shoe in contact with the contact surface being greater than the width of the bearing surface. 1. A locking module of an arming system provided with an accumulation means configured to release a mechanical energy during the switch from an armed state to a disarmed state , the module comprising:a lever pivot-linked around a first pivot shaft, and which comprises a first end and a second end, the second end comprising a surface, called bearing surface, which has a width, called bearing width, the accumulation means exerting a thrust force on the first end when the accumulation means is in the armed state;a lock element configured to adopt one or other of two positions called, respectively, first position and second position, the first position corresponding to a position for which the bearing surface is bearing against a contact surface of the lock element so as to oppose any rotation of the lever due to the thrust force and keep the accumulation means in the armed state, the second position corresponding to a retraction of the contact surface so as to allow the accumulation means to switch from the armed state to the disarmed state;wherein a shoe, made of a metal leaf and fixed to the lever, is interposed between the bearing surface and the contact surface when the bearing surface is bearing against the contact surface, a shoe surface portion, called secondary surface, being in ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR SEPARATING COMPONENTS OF A BIOLOGICAL SAMPLE WITH GRAVITY SEDIMENTATION

Aspects of the present disclosure include methods for separating components having different densities from a biological sample droplet. Methods according to certain embodiments include contacting a surface of a support with a biological sample droplet that includes components of different densities; subjecting the biological sample droplet to a gravitational force to produce two or more regions in the biological sample droplet on the support surface, where each region in the biological sample droplet includes a component from the biological sample droplet having a different density; separating the biological sample droplet into two or more product droplets, wherein each product droplet includes a different region of the biological sample droplet; and collecting the one or more product droplets. Systems for practicing the subject methods are also described. Computer systems and kits are also provided. 1. A method comprising:contacting a surface of a support with a biological sample droplet, wherein the biological sample droplet comprises components of different densities;subjecting the biological sample droplet to a gravitational force to produce two or more regions in the biological sample droplet, wherein each region in the biological sample droplet comprises a component from the biological sample having a different density;separating the biological sample droplet into two or more product droplets, wherein each product droplet comprises a different region of the biological sample droplet; andcollecting one or more of the separated product droplets.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein subjecting the biological sample droplet to a gravitational force comprises maintaining the support in a vertical position sufficient to produce the two or more regions in the biological sample droplet on the support surface by gravity sedimentation.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises applying an electric field to the support in a manner ...

CONTINUOUS SONICATION FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS AND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

A system and method for sonication of multiple samples and continuous sonication of an input fluid stream in flow-through arrangements useful for economical breakdown of particulates and organisms present in large volumes with relatively low-power sonication devices such as production of oil from algae. The system includes an electrical wave generator oscillating in the ultrasound range, a vibrating element electrically connected to the electrical wave generator, and a sonication plate that vibrates in certain modes. The sonication plate contains features for mating with sample tubes, and the sample tubes also possess complimentary mating features to those on the sonication plate. A method for sonication of multiple samples includes utilizing mating features to attach tubes to the sonication plate and energizing the sonicator to vibrate the sonication plate. The invention also relates to arrangements for continuous flow-through useful for sonicating large sample volumes. 1. A sonication device comprising:a sonication plate receiving and holding a sample container; said sonication plate including a first energy coupling structure; said sample container containing a second energy coupling structure complementary to said first energy coupling structure such that when the sample container is mated to the sampling plate, substantially maximal energy transfer occurs from said sonication plate into said sample container.2. The sonication device of wherein said sonication plate is coupled to a source of vibrational energy.3. The sonication device of wherein said vibrational energy possesses frequency in the ultrasound range.4. The sonication device of wherein said sonication plate is adapted to receive and hold a plurality of sample containers.5. The sonication device of wherein said sample container is placed at a point on said sonication plate coincident with an acoustic standing wave amplitude maximum.6. The sonication device of wherein said sample container snaps into ...

Flexible cable assembly with improved manufacturability

A remote switching system for electrical switches in a cabinet provides simplified manufacture by attaching the flexible cable sheath and flexible cable to an actuator frame and slider, respectively, by means of flange elements attached to each of the sheath and cable that fit within corresponding receiving slots in the actuator frame and contained slider. A cover, which may be attached without fasteners, may then hold these flange elements within corresponding slots.

OPERATION DEVICE AND OPERATION MEMBER

An operation device includes a housing, an operation member, and a detector. The housing includes an electrically conductive portion on a surface thereof. The operation member is supported by the housing such that the operation member is movable in response to an operation by an operation body, and is configured to be capacitively coupled to the operation body and to the electrically conductive portion. The detector is configured to detect whether the operation body is in proximity to the operation member based on a change in capacitance at the electrically conductive portion. 1. An operation device comprising:a housing including an electrically conductive portion on a surface thereof;an operation member that is supported by the housing such that the operation member is movable in response to an operation by an operation body, and that is configured to be capacitively coupled to the operation body and to the electrically conductive portion; anda detector configured to detect whether the operation body is in proximity to the operation member based on a change in capacitance at the electrically conductive portion.2. The operation device according to claim 1 , wherein the operation member is an operation lever that is supported by the housing such that the operation lever is tiltable by the operation body claim 1 , and that is configured to be capacitively coupled to the operation body and to the electrically conductive portion.3. The operation device according to claim 1 , wherein the operation member is a push switch pressing member that is supported by the housing such that the push switch pressing member is pressable by the operation body claim 1 , and that is configured to be capacitively coupled to the operation body and to the electrically conductive portion.4. The operation device according to claim 1 , wherein the operation member is a slide switch sliding member that is supported by the housing such that the slide switch sliding member is slidable by the ...

METHOD FOR IN-VITRO TREATMENT OF DIFFERENTIATED OR UNDIFFERENTIATED CELLS BY APPLICATION ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

A process is described for the treatment of stem cells or differentiated cells by application of radiofrequency electro-magnetic fields, by means of an electromagnetic field generator (), comprising a power supply (), at least one antenna () adapted to radiate a scattered electromagnetic field () of a power less than mW, a modulator () associated with said generator () and adapted to modulate the emission thereof, and at least one convector electrode (), adapted to be direct the radiofrequency currents induced by said electromagnetic field (), and applied in proximity of said stem or differentiated cells. 18-. (canceled)9. A process for treating differentiated cells to turn them into undifferentiated cells or for treating undifferentiated cells to turn them into differentiated cells , comprising the steps of:providing an electromagnetic field generator comprising a power supply, at least one antenna capable to radiate a scattered electromagnetic field having a power lower than 100 mW measured at said antenna, a modulator associated to said generator and capable to modulate the emission thereof, at least one convector electrode capable to direct the radiofrequency currents induced by the above said electromagnetic field;providing differentiated or undifferentiated cells to be treated;placing said at least one convector electrode in close proximity of said differentiated or undifferentiated cells under treatment;radiating said differentiated or undifferentiated cells under treatment by means of said electromagnetic field generator.10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein said radiofrequency electromagnetic fields have a power lower than 50 mW.11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein said radiofrequency electromagnetic fields have a power lower than 10 mW.12. The process according to claim 9 , wherein stem cells are used in a neutral growth medium.13. The process according to claim 9 , wherein differentiated cells are used.14. The process according to ...

Selective Cell Destruction through Electromagnetic Resonance

Methods and devices for selectively destroying a cell or population of cells in cell cultures, fluids, blood or in the tissue or organs of a subject using electromagnetic resonance by targeting one, or more, specific protein(s) and/or nucleic acid(s) within the cell or cell population are described. 1. A method of selectively destroying a cell or population of cells using electromagnetic resonance by targeting one , or more , specific protein(s) and/or nucleic acid(s) within the cell or cell population , comprising the steps of:a) identifying the electromagnetic resonance properties of the target protein and/or nucleic acid within the cells;b) providing an external energy source capable of generating sufficient energy or excitation within the cells to exploit the electromagnetic resonance properties identified in step a) and increase energy/heat within the cell(s); andc) exposing the cells to the energy source in a manner and for a time sufficient wherein exposure to the energy source results in increased energy/heat within the cell(s) and in the selective death of cells containing the targeted protein/and or nucleic acid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exploitation of electromagnetic resonance properties within the cell increases the friction of intermolecular bonds of the target protein and/or nucleic acid resulting in increased heat within the cell.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exploitation of electromagnetic resonance properties within the cell increases the energy level within the target molecule and totally or partially denatures the targeted protein and/or nucleic acid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one claim 1 , or more targeted protein(s) and/or nucleic acid(s) are specific for cancer cells claim 1 , bacterial cells or viruses.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is in vitro and the population of cells is maintained in cell culture claim 1 , wherein the population contains one claim 1 , or more claim 1 , contaminating cell ...

OPTICAL CONTROL OF PROTEIN ACTIVITY AND LOCALIZATION BY FUSION TO PHOTOCHROMIC PROTEIN DOMAINS

Engineered fusion proteins comprising photochromic protein domains are disclosed. In particular, the inventors have constructed fusion proteins containing photoswitchable photochromic fluorescent protein domains linked to selected proteins and shown that such fusion proteins can be used to control the activity or localization of selected proteins with light. 1. A method for controlling the activity of a selected polypeptide of interest with light , the method comprising:a) preparing a fusion protein comprising at least two photochromic polypeptides connected to a selected polypeptide of interest, wherein a first photochromic polypeptide is connected to the N-terminus of the selected polypeptide of interest and a second photochromic polypeptide is connected to the C-terminus of the selected polypeptide of interest, wherein the first photochromic polypeptide and the second photochromic polypeptide are capable of associating with each other, wherein the oligomerization state of the first photochromic polypeptide and the second photochromic polypeptide is controllable with light, wherein at least one photochromic polypeptide is an rsTagRFP polypeptide or an mApple polypeptide; andb) illuminating the fusion protein with light at a wavelength that induces intramolecular dimerization of the first photochromic polypeptide and the second photochromic polypeptide, such that the activity of the selected polypeptide of interest is inactivated.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising illuminating the fusion protein with light at a wavelength that induces dissociation of the first photochromic polypeptide from the second photochromic polypeptide claim 1 , such that the activity of the selected polypeptide is restored.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising visualizing the localization of the selected polypeptide by detecting fluorescence of the fusion protein resulting from the dimerization of the first photochromic polypeptide and the second photochromic polypeptide.4 ...

DYNAMIC MIXING AND ELECTROPORATION CHAMBER AND SYSTEM

The present invention relates to an apparatus for mixing cells and exogenous material for delivery of the exogenous material into cells using electroporation in a manner that preserves cell viability and integrity of the exogenous material. The exogenous material can be polynucleotides, peptides, proteins or other pharmaceutical molecules. It further provides a chamber that can be used to electroporate the contents of the chamber after mixing. In accordance with the invention, cell suspensions that may be contaminated with degrading enzymes are stored separately from water-based liquids that contain the exogenous material. Contact of the two water-based liquids (cell suspension and exogenous material) first occurs within the chamber. The chamber of the present invention has two or more inlet ports to allow separate entrance of water-based liquids. Two other ports are vent and exit ports. The inside of the chamber allows flow of all water-based liquids down the same side of the chamber and curved corners for redirecting flow direction and gently mixing water-based liquids. The chamber also includes electrodes as chamber walls for electroporation of chamber contents. 1. An electroporation chamber , comprising:two or more inlet ports adjacent to a top corner of said chamber for separate entry of at least two different water-based liquids that will mix in said chamber,a vertical first straight chamber wall section extending downward from said inlet ports,a first curved chamber wall section connected to said vertical first straight chamber wall section for redirecting the direction of the water-based liquid flow,a second curved chamber wall section connected to said first curved chamber wall section for further re-directing the water-based liquid flow,at least one gas venting port in communication with said mixing chamber,at least one water-based liquid outlet port in communication with said second curved chamber wall section, andelectrodes on opposing sides of said ...

SWITCH

A switch has a base comprising a flat circular recess formed on an upper surface thereof, a fixed contact disposed in an inner surface of the flat circular recess, a spring body that has a bellows shape in which a reference form unit is repetitively formed, the spring body being annularly disposed in the flat circular recess of the base, an operating body that has a turning unit fitted turnably in the flat circular recess of the base, and an operating projection provided in an inward surface of the turning unit. When the operating body is turned, the operating projection presses an end portion of the spring body to compress the spring body, which allows a contact to be switched. 1. A switch comprising:a base comprising a flat circular recess formed on an upper surface thereof;a fixed contact disposed in an inner surface of the flat circular recess;a spring body that comprises a bellows shape in which a reference form unit is repetitively formed, the spring body being annularly disposed in the flat circular recess of the base;an operating body that comprises a turning unit fitted turnably in the flat circular recess of the base; andan operating projection provided in an inward surface of the turning unit,wherein, when the operating body is turned, the operating projection presses an end portion of the spring body to compress the spring body, which allows a contact to be switched.2. The switch according to claim 1 , wherein the fixed contact is disposed on an inside surface of the flat circular recess.3. The switch according to claim 1 , wherein the fixed contact is disposed on a bottom surface of the flat circular recess.4. The switch according to claim 1 ,wherein a first switching fixed contact and a second switching fixed contact are provided in parallel at a position where the first switching fixed contact and the second switching fixed contact can contact with the spring body during expansion and contraction on one end side of the spring body in the inner surface ...

CELL SIGNALING PATHWAY ACTIVATION BY LOCAL AC ELECTRIC FIELD

A method for activating a cell-signaling pathway of interest in a cell, including applying a time-modulated localized alternating current electrical field to the cell, wherein the amplitude and frequency of the localized alternating current electrical field is selected to activate the cell signaling pathway of interest, thereby activating the cell signaling pathway. 1. A method for activating a cell signaling pathway of interest in a cell , comprising:applying a time-modulated alternating current electrical field to the cell, wherein the amplitude and frequency of the alternating current electrical field is selected to activate the cell signaling pathway of interest, thereby activating the cell signaling pathway.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising selecting a shape and/or timing of the time-modulated alternating current electrical field to activate cell signaling pathway of interest in a selected population of cells.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising delivering the field locally to activate cell signaling pathway of interest in a selected population of cells.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alternating current electrical field when applied does not cause a net ion current claim 1 , or electroporation.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activation results in a post-translational modification of a signaling protein in the cell-signaling pathway.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell-signaling pathway comprises the ERK pathway.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amplitude and frequency of the localized alternating current electrical field is selected to cause EGFR phosphorylation in the absence of EGF binding.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical field is applied with surface microelectrode pairs.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microelectrode pairs are dielectric passivated microelectrodes.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microelectrode pairs are high-k dielectric passivated microelectrodes.11. The method ...

THERAPEUTIC VACCINE FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES TYPE 1 IN CHILDREN, APPLICATION OF THE CELL SORTER AND THE METHOD OF MULTIPLYING TREG CELLS TO PRODUCE THERAPEUTIC VACCINE FOR TREATMENT OF DIABETES TYPE 1

The gist of the invention consists in the therapeutic vaccine for treatment of diabetes type 1 in children, which contains 1. Therapeutic vaccine for treatment of diabetes type 1 in children characterised in that it contains:Treg cells CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(−)2. Application of the cell sorter to produce the vaccine defined in claim 1 , characterised in that the cells are sorted to isolate Treg cells using the algorithm sorting the following phenotype:CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(−)doublet(−)lineage(−)dead(−).3. The method of multiplying Treg cells in vitro to produce the vaccine defined in claim 1 , characterised in that:lymphocytes T CD4+ are isolated by the immunomagnetic method and marked with monoclonal antibodies,the sorter-isolated Treg cells are multiplied in the CellGro CellGro or X-VIVO medium supplemented with autological inactivate serum and interleukin-2,the culture is added artificial antigen-presenting cells in the 1:1 proportion.4. The method according to claim 3 , characterised in that selected for the marking are the following monoclonal antibodies: anti-CD3 claim 3 , anti-CD4 claim 3 , anti-CD8 claim 3 , anti-CD19 claim 3 , anti-CD14 claim 3 , anti-CD16 claim 3 , anti-CD25 claim 3 , and anti-CD127.5. The method according to claim 3 , characterised in that the monoclonal antibodies CD3 claim 3 , CD4 claim 3 , CD8 claim 3 , CD19 claim 3 , CD14 claim 3 , CD16 claim 3 , CD25 claim 3 , and CD127 recognise the antigens claim 3 , and are conjugated with fluorescent dyes.6. The method according to claim 3 , characterised in that the antigen-presenting artificial cells are magnetic beads coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. The present invention concerns therapeutic vaccine for treatment of diabetes type 1 in children, application of the cell sorter to produce therapeutic vaccine for treatment of diabetes type 1, and the method of multiplying Treg cells in vitro to produce therapeutic vaccine for treatment of diabetes type 1.Diabetes type 1 ( ...

ELECTRICAL SWITCHING APPARATUS AND CONTACT ASSEMBLY THEREFOR

A contact assembly is for an electrical switching apparatus. The electrical switching apparatus includes a housing, a cradle member disposed in the housing, an operating handle extending into the housing, and an operating mechanism coupled to the cradle member. The contact assembly includes: a stationary contact structured to be disposed in the housing; a movable arm including a movable contact structured to engage the stationary contact, the movable arm being structured move between a CLOSED position and an EXTENDED OPEN position; and an extension apparatus structured to be disposed on the housing. When the movable arm is in the EXTENDED OPEN position, the extension apparatus maintains the movable arm in the EXTENDED OPEN position. 1. A contact assembly for an electrical switching apparatus comprising a housing , a cradle member disposed in said housing , an operating handle extending into said housing , and an operating mechanism coupled to said cradle member , said contact assembly comprising:a stationary contact structured to be disposed in said housing;a movable arm comprising a movable contact structured to engage said stationary contact, said movable arm being structured move between a CLOSED position and an EXTENDED OPEN position; andan extension apparatus structured to be disposed on said housing,wherein, when said movable arm is in the EXTENDED OPEN position, said extension apparatus maintains said movable arm in the EXTENDED OPEN position.2. The contact assembly of wherein said extension apparatus comprises an elongated extension disposed on said movable arm; wherein said movable arm comprises a distal portion disposed proximate said movable contact; and wherein the elongated extension is disposed opposite the distal portion.3. The contact assembly of wherein said movable contact comprises a contact surface disposed in a plane; wherein the elongated extension has a longitudinal axis; wherein the longitudinal axis is at an angle with respect to the plane; ...

Manipulation of Cells on a Droplet Actuator

A method of growing cells on a droplet actuator is provided. The method may include providing a droplet actuator including a cell culture droplet including a cell culture medium and one or more cells; and maintaining the droplet at a temperature suitable for causing the cells to grow in the cell culture medium on the droplet actuator. Related methods, droplet actuators, and systems are also provided. 1. A method of growing cells on a droplet actuator , the method comprising:a. providing a droplet actuator comprising a cell culture droplet comprising a cell culture medium and one or more cells; andb. maintaining the droplet at a temperature suitable for causing the cells to grow in the cell culture medium on the droplet actuator.2. The method of wherein the cell culture droplet is situated between droplet actuator substrates in proximity to a droplet operations surface.3. The method of wherein the cell culture droplet is surrounded by a filler fluid.4. The method of wherein the one or more cells are bound to beads.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the filler fluid comprises oil.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the oil comprises silicone oil.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cell culture droplet is manipulated via electrowetting along electrodes disposed on the droplet operations surface.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell culture droplet of (a) comprises a single cell.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the droplet actuator comprises a heating element configured to heat the cell culture medium to an appropriate temperature for incubation.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the droplet actuator is associated with a heating element configured to heat the cell culture medium to an appropriate temperature for incubation.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to step 1(a) a droplet comprising one or more cells is transported using droplet operations into contact with a cell culture medium claim 1 , thereby forming the cell culture droplet.12. The method ...

MAGNETIC SEPARATION OF ALGAE

Described herein are methods and systems for harvesting, collecting, separating and/or dewatering algae using iron based salts combined with a magnetic field gradient to separate algae from an aqueous solution. 1. A method comprising exposing an aqueous solution comprising algae and an iron salt selected from the group consisting of FeSO; FeBr; FeBr; FeCl; FeCl; FeF; FeF; FeI; FeMoO; (NH)Fe(SO).6HO; COHOClFeN; FeCl.4HO; CHFeO; FeF.3HO; Fe(NO).9HO; Fe(CO).2HO; Fe(CO).2HO; Fe(CO).6HO; Fe(ClO).xHO; FePO.4HO; Fe(PO); FeSO.xHO; Fe(SO).xHO; Fe(BF).6HO; KFe(CN).3HO and a combination of two or more thereof to a magnetic field gradient having sufficient strength to separate the algae from the aqueous solution , whereby the method results in the algae being separated from the aqueous solution.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the iron salt in the aqueous solution is at a concentration of about 100 μM.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the iron salt in the aqueous solution is at a concentration of about 300 μM.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the iron salt in the aqueous solution is at a concentration of about 1000 μM.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the iron salt in the aqueous solution comprises FeSOor FeSO.xHO.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic field gradient is at least about 500 Tesla/meter.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the magnetic field gradient is at least about 1000 Tesla/meter.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic field gradient is generated by a permanent magnet.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the algae comprises a wild-type algae or a transgenic algae.10Tetraselmis striata.. The method of claim 9 , wherein the algae comprises11. A system for separating algae from an aqueous solution claim 9 , the system comprising:{'sub': 4', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4', '4', '2', '4', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '4', '2', '2', '6', '5', '7', '3', '2', '3', '3', '2', '2', '4', '2', '2', '4', '2', '2', '2', '4', '3', '2', '4', '2', '2', '4 ...