PLANT AND PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ASSEMBLY FIXTURES FROM GYPSUM.

The available invention concerns a plant for the production of formed assembly fixtures from gypsum, in particular manufacture of road surfaces plates. s the production of wallboards from gypsum is well-known. Such plates serve all kind for the production of partitions in buildings and occasionally also for the lining of walls already existing. Gipsplatten have many advantage 10 cling to characteristics, so that they apply variously. Gipsplatten for walls usually become with a length of 667 mm (= 2/3 m) and a width of 500 mm (= 1/2 m) and with module-moderate thicknesses manufactured by 60, 70, 80 and 100 15 mm.

For rational manufacturing form casting plants were developed. They consist usually of the storage containers for burned gypsum and possible Zuschläge such as Verstärkungsmate 20 rialien, setting accelerators and/or - timer etc. then is present a dosage and a mixing apparatus for the production of a pourable aqueous gypsum mash, which is then transferred into the actual casting machine, where a 25 large number of plates in a molding box are vertically poured at the same time, for example 36 pieces. After reaching the setting firmness, which permits a forming out and a transporting, the Gipsplatten through hydrauli 30 see seized, on trolleys put down and in a long chamber furnace up to 72 hours long dried means at the same time from the molding box upward discharged, by a gripping device.

Except after the wall slabs mentioned a constantly rising need according to floor slabs, which already states like the designation, exists for the attachment at covers in buildings serves. They fulfill thereby in particular ornamen 40 tale and sound as well as heat insulating functions and as ceiling panels or ventilation covers are used. Their dimensions concerning the length and width amount to usually 600 x 600 mm or 1000 X.500 mm, and they 45 are required and supplied with thicknesses by 15, 25, 30 and 40 mm.

It was so far not possible, the plants used for the production of wallboards also for the production of Deckenbauplat ten in such a way to use, because the small thickness of the floor slabs makes a discharging of the confirmed plates from the molding box in as much impossible as the plates break thereby. Also a seizing of the plates by the well-known and einge 55 led, at the disk narrow sides attacking gripping devices lead because of the small slab thickness to the destruction of the plate.

The floor slabs manufactured to today in halfcontinuous procedures with the help of detachable in EO zelformen. So one can locate several stations on a horizontal turntable of approx. 5-6 m diameters. At the first station open the above is closed, horizontal molding box, the form is injected with it a Trennöl and filled then with gypsum mash. The free surface of the form is smooth-painted with a ruler. Then one presents spacer rails and a cover plate, which represent the ground of a further, before closed form. This is fed above as descriptive with gypsum mash. Then one continues to proceed so, until a pile from generally 8 or 10 horizontal lying on top of each other forms developed.

Then the disk keeps turning itself around an angle, which corresponds to the situation of the next molding box. In the first molding box the gypsum mash hardens, while the second molding box is as described pre-treated developed and filled.

The disk is turned again at the same angle, and the confirmed plates the hardening time approx. 8 minutes amount to are formed out. This is only possible thereby that the molding box at the four narrow sides is opened, on which the plates are from top to bottom successively taken and put by hand on the carriage after complete loading into the drying oven arrived.

The described production is very labor intensive; Generally any more than 75 plates cannot produce 3 men per hour.

Plants and procedures for the production of formed assembly fixtures from gypsum are admit from LUA37.726 and DEA2.551.476.

To create task invention is it, plant, which in analogy to the production of the wallboards a rational, an improved and accelerated production in particular the thinner manufacture of road surfaces plates made of gypsum permitted and with the one disk break, which occurs also with the past, careful and slow function, is maximally reduced.

The task is solved by the plant according to invention; to press together with a plant for the production of formed assembly fixtures from gypsum by pouring a gypsum mash, with a moulding machine, in which a multiplicity of hollow forms, which extend vertically, in for a package-like arrangement a molding box parallel to each other it forms, in which the hollow forms are formed by delimitation elements, with mechanisms, those the molding box horizontal, so that it the pressure of the assembly fixtures expanding with the solidification takes up itself, and it after the solidification of the assembly fixtures again to relieve, is the invention in it to see that the mechanisms are single-acting, on both sides the molding box set for pressing the molding box together, on the one hand on cover plates of the molding box and on the other hand on the delimitation elements penetrating Zustan towards working hydraulic Hohlkolbenzylender, how the horizontal relocatability of the delimitation elements by attitude of the stroke of the rams into the hydraulic pneumatic cylinder on 0,1 to 0.25 mm per hollow form and/or assembly fixture is limited.

A further invention article is a procedure for the production of flat gypsum boards, with which one casts in an aqueous gypsum mash into a molding box with a number of package-like arranged hollow forms, lets him therein solidify and the rigid plates as package from bottom to top at the same time it forms out and with which one sets the molding box before casting in the gypsum mash horizontal under pressing power and which pressing waives after solidifying the gypsum and before forming out the plates, wor through the delimitation elements easily from each other to solve to be able and forming out facilitates itself, dadurck marked that the pressing power amounts to on the molding box at least 75-80 kPa per hollow form, multiplied by the number of forms.

The invention is based on the fact that one found that it with application of a high pressure to the gypsum slab mould is possible to prevent the actually well-known small expansion of the material of a Gipsplatte when confirming the gypsum mash and that when discharging the pressure after confirming as much play between the produced plate and the parts of the form develops that one can shove out all produced plates as with the wall slab machine with a multiple stamp from the molding box easily. It was found further that according to invention produced the plates exhibit improved surface quality and Dichtewerte. In addition one receives multiplied production and a decrease of the rejection rate as the most important advantages one in relation to the past technology against zero; this is to be due partially to a new gripping device, which is to be likewise still described.

The molding box, which is to be described still in detail, consists in principle of a multiplicity of delimitation elements arranged next to each other. These are not firmly connected, e.g. bolts or welds, but can move horizontal per plate around small values, e.g. 0.1 to 0.25 mm depending upon slab thickness, against each other. Preferably this length, which is called in the following description form gap, is limited, so that the risk is excluded that gypsum abrasion in the formed gap sets off. It is advisable naturally to make occasionally a cleaning of the molding box with which also any arrears between the forms in the form gap are eliminated.

Preferentially the individual delimitation elements of the hollow forms, which form the molding box, are held by horizontal linkages, which connect all delimitation elements with play with exception the shoving out stamp of forming lower elements. Pressing the delimitation elements together takes place then by means of it that on the two outside covers of the molding box a pressure is expenditure-practiced on one side or on both sides, in particular with hydraulic means. When discharging the pressure after confirmation of the gypsum mash of the plates then the form gap can be formed, whereby a suitable choice or attitude of the hydraulic arguments the hydraulic arguments provides for its delimitation. Then all plates can be discharged equal well s, there the form gap not individually per hollow form, but global as sum of all hollow forms of the box are limited and each plate their necessary discharge “to select itself” can. It is reminded of disc brakes in automobiles, with which the brake pressure discharge leads to the retreat of the obstacles only around fractions of millimeters and which brake disk is nevertheless completely released. The pressure, which must be expenditure-practiced laterally on the molding box during the confirmation of the plates at least, in order to obtain successes of the invention, is determined by the force of expansion of the confirming gypsum mash. It corresponds for example for a molding box for the simultaneous production of 25 plates with the dimensions to 500 x 1000 x 25 mm Kraft of 981 kN (1001), produced by 8 hydraulic cylinders with a hydraulic supply pressure of 400 bar (40 MPa). The specialist is with these data able to calculate the necessary forces with other disk's number and/or other plate size; if necessary some simple attempts would be to be made. On the basis the following description, which is supplemented by the lying close design, now a remark example of the plant according to invention and the execution of the procedure according to invention are to be described exemplarily more near. All characteristics with exception of those, which are not called expressly duly to the invention, are important and can form the article of patent claims. In the design represent: Fig. 1 a side view of an execution form of the plant, Fig. 2 a front view of the plant after Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a side view of the moulding machine after Fig 1, Fig. 4 a front view of the moulding machine after Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 a side view of a gripping device in accordance with invention.

thus in the design same indicators mean same or equivalent elements.

The represented disk production plant according to invention (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) consists of the actual moulding machine 1 and a number of additional devices, i.e. the storage vessels for gypsum and Zuschläge like e.g. glass fibers, which serve as reinforcement material, the conveyer systems, the dosage and mixing apparatuses etc.

Laterally of the moulding machine 1 that is set up to gypsum silo 2, from which a tubing promoter 4 leads to the measuring and dosing container 3. This is with a balancing mechanism 5 understand, which is connected with the dosing scales 6. This balance is programmable it.

The dosing container 4 is arranged above the mixture hollow 7 and can be emptied into these. The hollow 7 is provided with the agitator 9 and can be tilted around the axle 8 with the help of the hydraulic drive 10 in such a way that its contents empty themselves into the Einfülltrichter 11 of the moulding machine.

The water needed for the production of the gypsum mash arrives to 12 over an annular piston counter 13, which is attached to a control program by the piping, which is in the switchbox 14, and over the controllable metering valve 15 into the hollow 7.

In Fig. 1 is broken represented the seizing and transport device 200 as 200A in the position, in which she seizes produced Gipsplatten, and as 200B with the sinking of the disk crowd 202 on a transportation palet 201. The device 200 is described later.

In Fig. 3 and 4 is the side and/or front view of the moulding machine in accordance with Fig. 1 and 2 drawn from, whereby parts are cut represented.

The machine consists of the molding box 20, which is arranged over the output mechanism 21. The molding box 20 contains 25 form cavities 23, which are limited at both sides by form rails 104, 105 and at the lower surface by output stamps 112 with the selected example. The form rails 104, 105 and the stamp 112 are provided with profile, which corresponds to the comb and the groove of the plate which can be produced; these profiles are in particular in Fig. to see 4.

The front and rear hollow form by ever a strong cover plate 101 are locked. Are the individual hollow forms 23 in addition by partitions 102 from each other separated, those with the form rails 104, 105 laterally concisely lock.

By drillings in the form rails and the partitions 102 four strong steel linkages 106 with easy play drew in 104.105. On the ends of the linkages 106 supernatant over the molding box single-acting hydraulic hollow piston cylinders 134 are pushed and with pairs of lock nuts 107 secured. The outer close curl of the cylinders 134 supports itself against the cover plates 101 and the interior pistons against the lock nuts 107 off. These are adjusted in such a way that the necessary and maximally permissible form play is ensured. If each hydraulic drive 134 a Kraft of 25 t (approx. 245 kN) supplies, then the molding box with a total force is pressed together of approx. 980 kN. With a surface of 100 x this corresponds to 50 cm to a pressure of 980 kN/0,5m2 = 1960 kPa, and this pressure is sufficient according to experience, around an expansion printing of the gypsum of approx. 75-80 kPa per hollow form.

The hydraulic packings are not represented. In Fig. the hydraulic pump arrangement 115 is to be only seen to 2.

The hollow forms are open upward. They are covered after filling with gypsum mash through rust 114, which are provided at their lower surface with the appropriate Gegenprofil of the disk narrow side. So that those are not damaged rust and the disk edges, if the form balanced and the plates become discharged s, a contact switch 135 is intended, which cooperates with an operating handle 117. Only if those are hung up rust 114 into the handles 117 and the switch 135 is closed, the pressure relief of the form and discharging the plates in activity can be set.

The whole molding box is hung up and by them is held between two horizontal carriers 116; these carriers are over supporting columns 15,127 (Fig. 1) on the ground of a pit fastens. The columns 127 serve at the same time the yoke 132 of the disk ejector 21 for the guidance.

With this yoke 132 the stamps 112 are connected by the flat stamp cross beams 110.

If the yoke 132 is moved upward, which happens hydraulically, then the formed Gipsplatten are discharged upward from the hollow forms 23. The yoke 132 is lifted and lowered by the hydraulic cylinders 122 (see Fig. 2).

Are in all other respects accommodated all operating, measuring and gate circuits in the switchgear cabinet 14; there also mechanisms are inserted, which permit and cause a fully automatic programmed expiration of manufacture.

In Fig. an execution form of the seizing and transport device according to invention 200 is represented 5.

, The relatively thick plates produced in machines to the production of wall slabs can be handled with grip arms, which attack at the disk narrow sides. With relatively thin floor slabs is no longer possible this, without damaging and/or to break the plate. Now a new seizing and transport equipment were developed, which are co-ordinated with the handling of the thin plates. It exists (Fig. 5) from one horizontally at crane hook 203 hanging bars 204 with lateral cheeks 205, in which final grip arm plates 206 are linked over a lever system, which can swivel the final grip arm plates 206 with the help of the hydraulic drives 207 inward and/or outside. In addition at the bar 204 intermediate plates 208 are freely hung up. With 209 the rope hoist is characteristic for in such a way lifting and lowering the crane hooks 203. The whole plant works as follows, whereby the work routine which can be described can go also automatically. In the mixture and casting hollow 7 becomes benö

tigte quantity water in-proportions and the reinforcement materials about 1 kg of glass pile fibers brought in. Then the tubing promoter 4 is put into operation, the gypsum from the gypsum silo 2 over the weighing and the dosing equipment 5 into the dosing container 3 promotes. If the adjusted gypsum quantity is supplied, the automatic balance 6 turns the promoter off, and the measured gypsum is transferred into the hollow 7, after the agitator 9 was put into operation.

it if the gypsum mash in the hollow 7 is homogeneous.

this is swivelled around the axle 8, and the mash runs by the funnel 11 into the hollow forms 23 molding box 20 of the pressed together pressurized before and, which was injected with Trennöl. The molding box is covered after s filling with rusting 114, which is pressed into the surface of the gypsum mash.

After approximately the gypsum is confirmed 8-10 minutes, and the still wet, formbeständigen, but sensitive Gipsplatten can be formed out. The pressure is discharged from the hydraulic cylinders 134, and the guide rails and partitions of the molding box giving way now the pressure of the pressed together Gipsplatten and depart around some tenths of a millimeter from each other; in such a way developing form column add up, so that the outside partitions of the molding box can move around 1-2 mm. The plunger lift of the cylinders 134 is limited to this value, which results after some few attempts.

Forming out the engines become 122 (Fig. 2) in enterprise set and lift the yoke 132. The cross beams 110 push all stamps 112 in the associated hollow form upward, and demge 25 mäss the produced disk series rises upward from the molding box. It is still entered afterwards that discharging the pressure from the cylinders 134 and lifting of the yoke 132 can be set only then in activity, if those were removed from rust 30,114 from the molding box and hung on the handles 117.

In the meantime the gripping device became 200 (Fig. 5) suitably lowered, about so, like it into Fig. 1 is broken suggested. In accordance with condition of their upward motion the individual Gipsplatten of the disk package 202 between neighbouring intermediate plates 208 of the gripping device push themselves. If the stamps 112 arrived concluding above at the molding box, then the hydraulic cylinders 207 of the device 200 are supplied with printing media, and due to described the already, from Fig. 5 immediately coming out lever movements achieves one a wide, careful getting jammed of all plates 202 not at its sensitive narrow sides, but at the upper and lower surfaces.

The gripping device will proceed, to which piles in transport and drying car 201 (also the pallet to be, see Fig can. 1) put down like that is. The car 201 arrives into the drying oven not belonging to the invention, which is also not represented. The production cycle begins now again with the lowering of the stamps 112 up to the lower edge of the Formka 55 stens, with preparing and the pressing of the molding box together and the setting of the gypsum mash, as soon as the seizing and transport device 200 left the formation range.

The plant according to invention, which supplies approx. 180 floor slabs now with 25 EO hollow forms with a solidification time of the gypsum of 8 minutes in the hour, needs only 1 operator, while after the state of the art for the production of 120-150 plates 6 men needs it becomes and still hard manual labor out to carry.

In the managing description the invention was described and described for the production of floor slabs from gypsum. It can serve in principle also for the production of wall slabs, although with it less minted advantages arise. Like that the necessary formation strength is with wall slabs z.Zt. approx. 200 t, which can be reduced then to 5-10 t, with appropriate structural and operational savings. This advantage then the somewhat higher expenditure of a element-mobile molding box faces on main cylinders, whereby however altogether the advantages outweigh, to which also the better disk quality to be counted is.