IMPREGNATING AGENT FOR A CONDENSER

The invention refers to an impregnating agent for a condenser, with which wind-hurry with alternating layers out dielektrischeu insulating strips e.g. from paper or polypropylene, and metal strip is arranged in a housing, whereby wind-hurry with the liquid, a Phthalsäureester containing impregnating agents impregnated. Liquid impregnating agents for electrical Kondonsatoren should exhibit a high dielectric constant, possess a low dissipation factor and be compatible with the other materials, which are used in the structure of condenser. At the same time the Imprägniormittel must resist increased and sehwankender temperature, Druckund Spaunungsbelastungen and exhibit excellent electrical characteristics in the long-lived enterprise of the condenser. i0 Polyehlorierte Diphenyle, e ne designation, which includes chlorinated Diphenyi, would fulfill as l (ondensatorimprägniermittel these requirements and were extraordinarily satisfying for several decades. These impregnating agents became however recently with 5kelogischen problems, limited application and with rising |(the east brought in connection. These problems have the search for a suitable replacement for a condenser impregnating agent angel5 spur, which favourable Imprägnieroigenschaften exhibits, which is comparable with those of the chlorinated Diphenyls ", and exhibits further outstanding electrical characteristics and compatibility with at present most important condenser solid dielectrics paper and Pelypropylen. As a main candidate for substitution of the impregnating agent a liquid on ester basis proved. During the use of Papierund polypropylene-dielectric clay/tone materials as well as the Impr gniermitteln on ester basis it was meanwhile found that in the l (ondensatorumgebung hydrogen gas (main) from the ester or the environment was developed. By the co-operation with the ionization and with the Coronaentladuug shortens this hydrogen development the effective life span of the Kondensaters. The gassing arising in the enterprise seems to be also a problem if the esters and certain other possible impregnating agents are normally gas-absorbing materials. Bs is thus a goal of the invention of creating a economical impregnating agent together with the usual condenser active substances is usable and the life span as well as the working reliability the I ondensatoren increased. This goal lets itself reach with an impregnating agent of the kind initially specified, with soft the Phthalsäureester with an operating temperature of the condenser between 40 to 100°C a negative hydrogen gas absorption value exhibits according to invention and that in the Phthalsäureester a A-Olefin, in particular those, Dodeeen, Tetradeeen, Hexadecen or Octadecen, is, whereby the hydrogen gas absorption value “- OIefins under electrical load and in presence of iodine hydrogen around at least 5 to 10 measured units more highly is than that one of the Phthalsäureesters under similar conditions. It is favourable hiebei, if the Phthalsäureester contains an anti-oxidising agent in solved form. Also it is advisable, if the impregnating agent a Epoxyd mixes as stabilizer in one from 0,1 to 10 Gew. - % in solved form contains. The invention including their further distributing is more near described in the following on the basis of examples. “In the designs partial of gesohnittener representation are two different Hondensatorbauarton shown in the Fig.1 and 2 in more schaubildlieher. In Fig.1 i t a typical small industrial condenser, e.g. engine condenser --10--, represented, with an impregnating agent --11-- after the invention one uses. The Kendensat, 5 gate --10-- a housing possesses --12--, in a Konden atorwickel --13-- over leaders (not shown) with the outside connections --14 and 15-- in the cover --16-- is connected. The Abdeckuug --16-- is with the housing --12-- hermetically connected and condenser-wind--13-- is by a charging hole --17-- with an impregnating agent --11-- impregnated and can into the impregnating agent --11-- dive in, which the housing --12-- fills. For this reason is the cover --16-- completely closely with the housing --12-- connected, in order to prevent a withdrawing of the impregnating agent. The charging hole --17-- is sealed by soldering. In Fig.2 is a Leistungskondensator --20-- represented, with which an impregnating agent is also used after the invention. Leistungskondensatoren° including the Nr.365853 power factor correcting condensers, are usually measured in kVAr (during a certain operating voltage), and they can lie in the Gr6ißenordnung from 150 to 20ß kVAr, such a condenser --20-- a very large housing points --21-- up, in that a set of individual condenser windings --22-- is arranged. These wind are with the connections --23 and 24-- electrically connected. The housing is with the impregnating agent --ii-- after the invention filled, which condenser-wind essentially completely impregnated. As understanding it mentions it is actually well-known that some condenser impregnating agents show the inclination to absorb gases and some, to develop gases if they are arranged in a condenser environment under electrical Bstriebsbedingungen. The measurements of the gas absorption or the gassing, which are accomplished in Nichtkondensatertestzellen, result in gas absorption values in the order of magnitude Mikrol [ter per minute of evaluation OF Dielectric of fluid by ga.sing Cell test - blank Proc. Institution of Electrical Engineers volume 119 from 4 April 1972)… an gas-absorbing material supplies a negative value and as gas negative is designated, and a gas-developing material supplies a positive value and as gas positive is designated. One writes this difference of the Arematizität of the Imprägn [ermittels too. Is aromatic and gas-absorbing chlorinated Diphenyl, the same is the case: for ester impregnating agents, as Dioctylphthalat and other aromatic esters, with which absence of Aromatizität was it already well-known, gas-absorbing materials as well as aromatic materials for that on the other hand gasentwinkelnden impregnating agents to admit, in order to decrease the hydrogen gas development, produces or develops for Z0 the cumulative effect ven partial unloadings in a condenser gases from the condenser environment, which lead to a verzeltigen failure of the condenser. The relative gas rates the condenser impregnating agents have a substantial influence on the Ceronazündspannung, the Coronalöschspannung and the condenser life span. The gases can be developed within a short time interval, for example in overheated places, in larger quantities than the impregnating agent in the same time interval to absorb can, and therefore serious damage can occur, before the gases are effectively absorbed. Further can be developed, even if the condenser of high Spannungsbelastnng is suspended and is operated near the Cnronaspannung, more gases. When using aromatic esters like the Phthalaten and particularly the 2-Äthylhexylphthalat in electrical Kondensateren it was found that an additive exercises one olefinischea gas-absorbing material a remarkable effect on the life span of the condenser, despite the fact that the ester is primarily an gas-absorbing material. The olefinischen gasabserbierenden materials of the invention selected from such, which exhibit gr61Bere of gas absorption values as the Imprägnier3S means, it appearing as hosts are condenser-compatibly and they can in smaller quantities are used, so that they affect not the primary condenser impregnating agent or affect the same unfavorably. The olefinlschen materials are better materials for this purpose, because its insatiated chemical structure a good Gasabsorptienspotential results in. The Olefine are by aliphatic Doppe] connections characterized. The designation Olefin or alkene (CnH2 n) is particularly used, in order to mark the homologous rows, in which at least an aliphatic Doppelbindui] g in the molecule available is, as for example ethylen and 1-Buten. The designation olefinisch refers in the case of the invention to the class of a-olefinischen materials like those, Dedecen, Tetradeoen, Hexadeeen, Octadecen, etc., which are designated on the other hand in the following description also than Decene. Preferential which additives are used with preferential impregnating agents, as for example the aromatic esters. lm case of the invention aromatic esters such one calls, which was manufactured to both an aromatic acid and an aromatic alcohol. In some cases the esters are made of an aromatic acid, however an aliphatic alcohol. For the purposes of the invention the final product is called an aromatic Est8r. The aromatic content is substantial in its effect on the Imprägniereigensohaften. The same is the case for an ester from an aliphatic acid and an aromatic alcohol. In cases, in which both components are aliphatic, the received ester is called aliphatic and not as aromatic. Preferential esters for the use in the invention are the aromatic esters, which besohrieben into the US-PS Nr.3, 754.173 and Nr.3, 833.978 are, in particular the Phthalsäureester. Good results were obtained at the time of the practical execution of the invention with the use of Dioctylphthalat (DOPE), which is called 2-ÄthylhexylphLhalat in combination with a which material. Other Phthalatester, which is suitable in particular for the use in the invention, covers the verzweigtkettigen Phthalatester, in particular such like Isooctyl, Isononylund IsodecylphthalaL. To the esters/Decen Materialkombination additives know such as Epoxyde, which are aforementioned in the aforementioned patent specifications” Ghinone or certain Antioxydantien containing connections are admitted. I0 in the following examples are specified the results, which on use of a Decen material as well as DOPE will receive. The condensers of these examples were impregnated, like it in the two aforementioned US-PS Nr.3, 754.173 and Nr.3, 833.978 are descriptive. Both DOPE and the Decen were carefully filtered and cleaned, in order to remove impurities such as water, and afterwards they were mixed in the desired quantities. Before the Kondensaterimprägnierung the impregnating agent was heated up on a temperature within the range of approximately 58 to 120°C, and after the impregnation the condensers were held either 8 to 16 h on increased a temperature or heated up afterwards during the indicated times to increased temperatures. Example I: In this example a group was essentially manufactured by condensers with the structure described in Fig.1, where a 0.0081 mm strong polypropylene film was used as only dielectric strip between the electrode foils. The condenser was manufactured with a capacity by 4 microfarads. In the first example the impregnating agent for these condensers was the combination of DOPES and I VoI. - Is descriptive % Epoxyd (Diglycidyläther of the bisphenol A, i.e. Dow epoxy resin No. 330), like it in the two above-mentioned US-PS Nr.3, 754.173 and Nr.3, 833.978, and for comparison purposes was the used impregnating agent DOPE + Epoxyd as well as 20 rel. - % Decen. Condenser impregnating agent failed/tested after I000 h, alternating voltage 440 V with lO0°C 4 pF/290 V DOPE + 1 VOL. - % Dow 330 Epoxyd DOPE + 1 VOL. - % Dow 330 Epoxyd + 20 VOL. - % Decen example IL: In this example condensers of the kind, like them in example I descriptive .sind, were tested with a different Decenaterial, i.e. Hexadecen. Condenser 2 pF/525 V 8 pF1525 V impregnating agent DOPE + 1.0 VOL. - % Dow 330 Epoxyd DOPE + 1.0 VOL, - % Dow 330 Epoxyd + 20 VOL. - % Hexadecen 775 V alternating voltage with 80°C, failed/getestet/h 11/14/1800 o/ls/18oo example III: In this example condensers of the construction described in Fig.1 were manufactured, which a thickness within the range of .ql, 7 to 38.1 mm and a height exhibited within the range of 50,8 to 152.4 mm. The dielectric consisted of two sheet paper with a thickness from 0,011 to 0.017 mm. The condensers of the invention contained an anti-oxidation center in the impregnating agent!. Condenser 2 pF/660 V Imprägniermlttel DOPE + 1 VOL. - % Unox 221 Epoxyd DOPE + 10 VOL. - % Tetradecen + 0.1 VOL. - % Ionol + 1.0 VOL. - % Unox 221 Epoxyd 1000 V, alternating voltage with 80°C failed/getestet/h 9/Z01644 o/2o/5oo o/2o/5oo condenser impregnating agent 2 pF/660 V DOPE + l, O Vo]. - % Epoxyd DOPE + 1.0 VOL. - % Epoxyd + I0 VOL. - % Decen + 1 VOL. - % [onol 1000 V/80°C failed/getestet/h 9/20/668 01z “/zg00 condenser pF/60O V impregnating agent i DOPE + 1.0 VoI. - % Epoxyd DOPE + 1.0 VOL. - % Epoxyd + 10 VOL. - % Decen + 1 VOL. - Is % Ionol 800 V/80°C failed/getestet/h 3/30/1400 0/20/1400 in the examples II and III the Unox 221 Epoxyd Dicyclo diepoxycarboxylat, welI0 of ches of the Firina union carbide company under the designation Unox 9,21 is available. The Epoxyde is used in the invention as well as the descriptive esters as a basic impregnating agent combination, to which the additives of the invention are added. The results in the examples I to III show clearly the advantage of the invention regarding the extension of the condenser life span or regarding the decrease of the number of the failed copies. The extended life span is received with condensers, which use both paper and only dielectric material and polypropylene as the only dlelektrische material. The favourable results evident from the understanding examples are to be expected also with other kinds of condensers and in different other dielectric condenser structures, those managing aufffefQhrten example-wise results are relatively independently of the dielectric structure concerned and the particularly used impregnation procedure, it are however well-known that changes in the structure and in the procedure can lead directly to VeränderunNr.365853 towards in the condenser test results. How already notices, some the understanding examples Ionol reveal the use of small quantities of the anti-oxidising agent as further Zusatzstof {. Ionol becomes as 2,6-Di-tert. - besehrieben butyl p cresol (butyliertes hydroxyl toluol), which in the trade of the company Shell Chemieal company under the Handelsbezelchnung Ionol is available. olonol for two important purposes one uses. Once it used as Veredelungsoder cleaning aid with Reinigungsund refining procedure DOPE. Usual D0P is cleaned at increased temperatures by absorptives filtering by suitable filter means for the distance of impurities, like high-molecular and ionisehen impurities including water and solids. I0 Ionol in DOPE during entire Behandlungsund of filter procedure used, in order to prevent an oxidation, if the conditions favour such. Secondly the role of the Ionols is favourable in the finished condenser, in-special during the first operating levels of the condenser. The principal reason for the use of the Ionols exists in the creation of a constant Antioxydationssehutzes during the handling and impregnation of the condenser and during its entire actual working time. With the selection “- Olefins should be met the selection kondensat0rverträglich, there the same up to approximately 30 VoI. - % of the impregnating agent to constitute can do. Further it should be gas negative in characteristic way over the entire gas-negative range of the condenser. For example Hexadecen has a gas rate from -16 to -18 units in the Temperaturbereieh ven 40 to 60°C, during DOPES a gas rate from approximately -4.4 to approximately -3.9 units within the same range exhibits. A difference from -5 to -10 Kleinheiten is the preferential range between these two materials. This difference corresponds likewise to the kind and the quantity of the used gas-negative material. A connection, which possesses only aliphatic components, like the Decene, becomes in a quantity of at least about 5 VOL. - % prefers. The DTE EN materials as well as the other aforementioned gas absorbents have a particularly desirable Gasabsorpticnscharakteristik. So for example the places, in which gas is produced, are the highly loaded and overheated ranges and it are particularly desirable, the gas absorption because of these overheated places with rising temperature to be improved in a condenser. DOPE for example exhibits with rising temperature within the range of 40 to 90°C no increased gas absorption. The gas absorption capacity is reduced generally with rising temperature. The Decene exhibits however a increased gas absorption between 40°C and at least 60°0. With 60°C ha0 Decen approximately the 23fache gas absorption capacity as DOPE. The sword materials of the invention have a favourable relationship from Doppelblndung to Mclekulargewieht and are from there excellent hydrogen absorber. The double bond in the Decen4aterial satisfies itself by absorption of hydrogen, which represents the largest part with electrical discharges in condensers or with chemical dissociation delivered gases. With the Decenen the admitted can mix on only about 5 VOL. - % and vorzugsweiso for instance I0 VOL. - % to be held. If the admitted quantity smaller than about 5 rel. - st %, then the desired good effects lie on a minimum value and in some cases cannot even them be determined, in particular if the gas absorption differences are smaller. The 5%-Menge should consider the gas absorption value of n-Octadecen, compared to the same value of another material. The higher molecular weight of the olefinischen VorBS connections can be the cause for smaller AbsorptionselgensGhaft and make necessary from there larger quantities. Examples are Dodecen, Tetradecen, Octadecen etc. larger one quantities require careful attention of the Kendensatorvorträgllehkeit as well as the characteristics regarding impregnation, viscosity and Entflammungspunkt as well as the electrical characteristics. Olefine like the Decene are in a Leistungskondensator with Antioxydan ien and Epoxyden compatibly, a Epoxydzusatz seem the hydrolysis problem by considerable prevention of the water connection to improve and anti-oxide to are favourable regarding the impregnation procedure at increased temperature. The Olefin is effective in this combination, by contributing to the Wasserabsorption. A Wasserstcffatom can unite with the s-Olefin under education of a Nr.365853 acid, which is made ineffective by the Epoxyd material in a substantial extent. The anti-oxidising agent can bind oxygen, before this can unite under formation of acid or water with the hydrogen. “- Olefin can likewise catch the hydrogen atom, before any harmful event enters, and prevents such an early failure of the condenser. “- Still different basic impregnating agents can be added to Olefinen of the invention, with which the same problems arise, and which are conditions similarly herein the described. Under these impregnation materials are to be called: the Silikone, the sulfones, the halogenierten connections and mixtures the same. For these impregnating agents t0 a olefinisches material, which exhibits only aliphatic components and possesses a high negative hydrogen gas absorption value, is preferred. The I.mprägniermittel after the invention is particularly suitable for metallized condensers, with which the condenser electrodes exhibit metallized surfaces on a dielectric strip.