TWO-CHAMBER BOILER FOR BURNER FIRING AND SOLID FUEL FIRING

The invention concerns a two-chamber boiler with one in the cross section rounds combustion chamber for a burner firing and a combustion chamber with boiler grate and ash area for a solid fuel firing, with which the two horizontal at the rear end closed and at the front end door-like lockable chambers are arranged in one of a horizontal boiler external body umschlossenen boiler water area laterally next to each other and are connected with two connecting at the outlet side heating channels, which are arranged over the chambers in the boiler water area and lead to a flue gas connecting piece at the boiler back. The usual building method one for example from the DE-OS 2858630 of well-known two-chamber boiler of the aforementioned kind consists of that the boiler water area enclosing boiler external bodies reohteckige cross-sectional shape has and from even walls is compound and that homogenously also the combustion chamber for the Kohleoder combustion of wood has rectangular cross section and by even walls is formed, in order to use the interior of the boiler external body appropriately and to keep the two chambers small surrounding boiler water volumes. In relation to the conventional building method of pure oil firing boilers with a only one cylindrical combustion chamber and a cylindrical boiler external body this building method of the well-known two-chamber boilers has the disadvantage with the production as steel boiler from steel sheet that for the even external body walls and chamber walls, in order to obtain statically sturdy and pressure resistant boiler walls thicker and sheet metals more expensive from there heavier and it are necessary which oppose the tendency pursued with the production of boilers from steel sheets after as small a boiler weight as possible and after small material costs, or that at and/or between the even boiler walls special reinforcement or connections are necessary in the form of anchors or pins e.g., whose arrangement and welding are very cost-intensive. A further disadvantage of this well-known two-chamber boiler building method exists in the unfavorable cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber, which does not let optimal Ausbrand of the solid fuel fuel obtain, in order to achieve the exhaust gas values demanded by official regulations. A problem with the well-known two-chamber boilers is further the deposit during the burner firing and during the solid fuel firing of developing combustion residues on the inner surface of the connecting at the outlet side heating channels of both chambers, which very unfavorably the heat transmission to the boiler water and very unfavorably on the efficiency of both kinds of firing and firing mechanisms of the boiler affects and constant control and cleaning of the connecting at the outlet side heating channels requires. The invention is the basis the task to create a two-chamber boiler which can be made in technical regard of thin-walled, light steel sheets, which without expensive additional reinforcements or reinforcement necessary high static stability and pressure strength exhibit and can for the different boiler achievement sizes with homogenous cross-sectional shapes for the chambers and the boiler external body and with as space saving an external dimensions as possible be trained, and which let most favorable chamber forms a bestmögIichen fuel from fire and optimum exhaust gas values obtain in burn-technical regard also for the respective kind of firing and which problem of the sewing switching heating channel cleaning and efficiency degradation solves. This task is solved according to invention with a two-chamber heating channel initially mentioned kind thereby that the combustion chamber exhibits an elliptical cross section, whose large diameter runs vertically and which tapers itself about conical downward to the boiler grate, and the combustion chamber with its longitudinal center line essentially lies at height of the longitudinal center line of the combustion chamber that each of the two chambers at their front end is connected to arranged box shaped connecting at the outlet side heating channel, which possesses and inside a vertically running comblike Berippung exhibits with an oh savings allele over the chamber in the boiler water area a rectangular cross section with horizontal running larger cross section width, and that the boiler external body exhibits a cross section, which is limited above and down and laterally by four sheets with larger radius of curvature, which above the two chambers and underneath the combustion chamber by three flare-outs with smaller radius of curvature and underneath the combustion chamber by the ash area is connected, whereby the height of the sheet is laterally smaller beside the combustion chamber than the height of the sheet laterally beside the combustion chamber and the lower sheet from the ash area rises diagonally to the combustion chamber. Due to the intended training of the two chambers and the boiler external body the boiler builds itself the curved up from three sheet metal hollow bodies, one-piece by sheet metal curving herzustel! end to extent walls possess, which make a high deformation rigidity and pressure strength dispensable also devoted anchorages or reinforcement additional in the case of application of thin boiler plates and. At the same time the peculiar cross-sectional shape of the boiler external body does not result in an interior of the boiler external body, in which with chambers trained for a certain boiler line size necessary volumes and connecting at the outlet side heating channels have sufficient place, in the case of space saving external dimensions of the boiler on the other hand for the achievement of rapid a heating of the boiler as possible unnecessarily large, unused water-filled Raumzwickel inside the boiler external body to develop. Those upright-standing elliptical cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber results in additionally to the printing rigidity a combustion chamber with a large Füllhöhe favorable for the burn of solid fuels and as particularly favourable proved, in order in the case of firing with the different fuels coke, coal or wood equally favorable burn-hold back-eats in the case of so-called upper burn-up to reach. Due to the constant conical taper ratio of the elliptical cross section of the broadest range of the combustion chamber up to the boiler grate the solid fuel slips always on in relation to cross section width of the combustion chamber narrow rust also from the side after, so that on the boiler grate a concentrated glow bed forms. For the reigniting of the next fuel filling one gets along from there with a very small remainder glow layer strength. On the other hand it is prevented that otherwise often burning of whole filling space contents through observed with solid fuel boilers with upper burn-up arises and thus a low-speed regulation becomes impossible. From particularly favourable effect in particular during combustion of wood is in accordance with a further Ausgesta according to invention! tungsmerkmal the arrangement of two lateral guidance walls in the combustion chamber, described still more near on the basis the designs, which take up and on its exterior with the wall of the combustion chamber of air ducts for Sekundärluft form the fuel filling between itself, which high-flows separately from the primary air flowing through the fuel filling in the air ducts with simultaneous preliminary heating for the upper range of the combustion chamber over the fuel filling. On the one hand a better boiler adjustment between full load enterprise and partial load operation is attainable, on the other hand in particular during combustion of wood and hiebei in particular with partial load operation, with which a strong carbonization gas formation enters, by the upper burn-up in connection with preheated Sekundärluft exhaust gases is obtained by this allocation of air entering by the choke of the combustion chamber, which fulfill the air-hygenic regulations and the requirements to the extraordinarily small carbon monoxyde content. The combustion chamber has for the burner firing in particular with fuel oil the most favorable with its actually cylindrical form well-known with pure Ö1feuerungskesseln. Cross section. The arrangement of the cylindrical combustion chamber, which has a smaller cross-sectional height as the higher performance of the two chambers than the elliptical combustion chamber, not in the deepest place, but approximately in middle height of the boiler water area, i.e. with their longitudinal axis in the same or same height as the longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber, has the advantage that because of the front end not low over the floor, but in a height more comfortable for burner maintenance over the floor it is to the combustion chamber attached usual burners and that also aspirating dust is prevented by the floor. Over the connecting at the outlet side heating channel of the combustion chamber sufficiently place remains in the boiler external body available, in order to be able to attach in the Wasserraum above the combustion chamber the boiler pipe unions and thermostat feelers together to the boiler external body, as is still more near described. Underneath the combustion chamber an unnecessarily large Wasserraum is avoided by the special cross-sectional shape of the boiler external body, as the height of the sheet is laterally smaller beside the combustion chamber than the height of the sheet laterally beside the Vers0 burning chamber, whereby the lower sheet of the ash area of the combustion chamber rises diagonally to the combustion chamber. For the space saving dimensioning of the boiler external body and for the production of the boiler using as uniform a construction units as possible it is favorable that each chamber has a its own, oh savings allele by the boiler water area running connecting at the outlet side heating channel in shape of an actually well-known box shaped hollow section with comblike Innenberippung, whose larger cross section width runs in accordance with the characterized arrangement horizontal and hiebei essentially to the diameter to the cylindrical combustion chamber and/or the horizontal smaller diameter corresponds to the elliptical combustion chamber, so that for each chamber a only one box shaped hollow section is intended and needs into the boiler front walls to be welded. Clean connecting at the outlet side heating channels are for the achievement of greatest possible heat transition values and boiler efficiencies of crucial importance. Although innenberippte Nachscha theizkanäle in particular with for the achievement of large a WärmeübertragungsfläI0 as possible che comblike Innenberippung not or only extremely laboriously by brushing thoroughly with oil firings and in particular also when burning wood or brown coal, close on small area, the developing, on which ribs can clean itself depositing combustion residues, the invention makes nevertheless the application of these actually connecting at the outlet side heating channels with chamber-like Innenberippung both for the combustion chamber a burner firing, favourable because of their compact building method and extraordinarily high effectiveness, and in particular for the combustion chamber of a solid fuel firing possible. This is reached in further arrangement according to invention of the two-chamber boiler by that the comblike ribs of the connecting at the outlet side heating channels from its rib foot to its rib comb a height, projecting connected with the channel wall, into the duct cross section between 35 and 45 mm, a height of 40 to 41 mm, and a rib thickness of essentially 2.5 mm to preferably have. With this dimensioning of the ribs it is reached that, both on admission of the ribs by the incineration gases of an oil firing in the combustion chamber and on admission of the ribs by practically almost equal hot incineration gas of a solid fuel firing in the combustion chamber, which into the ribs at the rib surface on the one hand and the heat discharge from the ribs is located to Wärmeaufnahme to each other by their rib cross section into the water-cooled wall of the connecting at the outlet side heating channel on the other hand in such a relationship that on the one hand a thermolytischer self cleaning effect of the ribs enters and setting combustion residues decompose and are burned and thus the ribs to remain clean and that on the other hand the thermal durability border of the rib material is not exceeded and one in particular at the hottest rib comb using material scaling is avoided. Favourable way the connecting at the outlet side heating channels are trained in such a way from there that they consist of an upper and a lower u-shaped half and is welded together and that both halves exhibit ribs, which face each other in pairs, whereby the vertical cross section width of the box shaped connecting at the outlet side boiler essentially corresponds to the double rib height. Attempts with such connecting at the outlet side heating channels resulted in that with a rib thickness of 2.5 mm the most favorable rib height is with 40 mm and a plus tolerance or a Minustoleranz of the rib height of mm should not be exceeded. With longer ribs a scaling at the hottest rib comb, with shorter ribs enters becomes the ribs too cold and does not enter the self cleaning. It depends crucial hiebei also on a sufficient heat conducting connection of the rib foot with the wall of the connecting at the outlet side heating channel. Thus to receive found that with ribs, which are formed coherently in pairs by a V-shaped one part and are connected at their common rib foot by a common welding seam with the wall of the connecting at the outlet side heating channel the cross section of the welding seam must be at least equal to the double one of the rib thickness, in order for the achievement of the thermolytischen self cleaning and for the avoidance of the scaling danger necessary relationship of the Wärmeaufnahme into both ribs to the heat discharge from the two ribs by the common welding seam. Below the two-chamber boiler according to invention is more near described on the basis the designs, in which a remark example is schematized represented. Fig.1 the boiler shows in a vertical cross section, Fig.2 a vertical profile after the line in such a way IL-IL in Fig.1, Fig.3 a vertical profile after the line IIl III in Fig.1, Fig.4 in increased representation the connecting at the outlet side heating channel evident in Fig.1 representation the lower end of the chamber for the firing of firm fuel and Fig.6 a plan view, evident increased by one of the two chambers, Fig.5 in, in Fig.1, to the part of the boiler shown in Fig.5. For burning solid fuels the boiler contains in its boiler water area --1-- a combustion chamber formed by a horizontal sheet metal hollow body closed at the rear end --2-- with a boiler grate --3--. The combustion chamber --2-- has one downward about conical up to the boiler grate --3-- tapering, elliptical or turned around drop-shaped cross section, whose large diameter runs vertically. The cross section of the combustion chamber --2-- goes under the boiler grate --3-- into a box shaped ash area --4-- over. At the front end is the combustion chamber --2-- by a lower Aschenraumtüre --5-- with a choke --6-- and by an upper Beschickungstüre --7-- locked. Behind the Beschickungstüre --7-- a water-cooled detour chamber lies --8--, over those the front end of the combustion chamber --2-- with a connecting at the outlet side heating channel --9-- , that is connected for oh savings allele over the combustion chamber --2-- in the boiler water area --1-- lies and into a flue gas collecting tank --10-- on the boiler back leads into. For the firing of liquid or gaseous fuels is laterally beside the combustion chamber --2-- in the boiler water area --1-- a combustion chamber formed by a horizontal sheet metal cylinder closed at the rear end --11--, those at the front end by a Kesseltüre --12-- with a burner --13-- is locked and in the boiler water area --1-- is upward transferred, so that their longitudinal center line approximately at height of the longitudinal center line of the combustion chamber --2-- and hiedurch the burner lies --13-- an increased distance from the floor has. Behind the Kesseltüre --12-- a water-cooled detour chamber lies --14--, over those the front end of the combustion chamber --11-- to a further, separate NachschaltheizkanaI --15-- , that is attached oh savings allele over the combustion chamber --11-- in the boiler water area --1-- is arranged and into the flue gas collecting tank --10-- leads into and there only with the connecting at the outlet side heating channel --9-- the combustion chamber --2-- meets. The boiler water area is surrounded --1-- of a boiler external body --16--, which consists of a sheet metal formed one-piece by rollers to a hollow body. The boiler external body --16-- , that does not have angular, no circular and also no elliptical cross section, but a roundish cross section from an upper sheet --17--, a lower sheet --18-- and two lateral sheets --19 and 20-- exists, which have a larger radius of curvature and which above the two chambers and underneath the combustion chamber --IL-- by three flare-outs --21, 22 and 23-- with a smaller radius of curvature into one another turn into. The lower sheet --18-- and laterally beside the combustion chamber --2-- lying sheet --20-- end at the ash area --4-- underneath the combustion chamber --2--. The height of the sheet --19-- laterally beside the combustion chamber --11-- is smaller than the height of the sheet --20-- laterally beside the combustion chamber --2--. Hiedurch rises the lower sheet --18-- of the ash area --4-- outgoing diagonally upward on, so that under the combustion chamber --11-- no unnecessarily large Raumzwickel of the boiler water area --1-- develops. Similarly as the round cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber --11-- resulted in also the elliptical cross-sectional shape of the combustion chamber --2-- and the cross-sectional shape of the boiler external body built up from the sheets and flare-outs --16-- Sheet metal hollow bodies, which exhibit high Druckund deformation rigidity also with use of thin boiler plates and additional reinforcement measures for instance in shape of reinforcement ribs or make dispensable for connecting anchors. The one large Füllhöhe exhibiting elliptical combustion chamber --2-- and their connecting at the outlet side heating channel --9-- use the height of the boiler water area --1-- to a large extent out. The higher performance combustion chamber --11-- a smaller cross-sectional height than the elliptical combustion chamber has --2-- and needs together with its connecting at the outlet side heating channel --15-- less place in the boiler S wasserraum --1-- as the combustion chamber --2-- with their connecting at the outlet side heating channel --9--. By the high-transferred arrangement of the combustion chamber --11-- becomes in connection with the cross-sectional shape of the boiler external body --16--, in particular with the diagonal rise of the lower sheet --18--, the boiler water volume underneath the combustion chamber, which can be heated --11-- small held, on the other hand remains over the connecting at the outlet side heating channel --15-- the combustion chamber --11-- sufficient place available, over here the boiler water area --1-- practically to arrange all connections of the boiler. Hiezu is the boiler external body --16-- within the range of the flare-out --21-- with an opening and a hood put on on the opening dreieckförmigen in the cross section --24-- provided, at of them for the side of arranged perpendicular idiom the different, into the boiler water area --1-- leading into and/or projecting boiler pipe union and thermostat feeler are arranged. Into the hood --24-- can for example also occasionally of boilers with solid fuel firing required safety heat exchangers --25-- built its, that into the boiler water area --1-- to project must and for likewise above the connecting at the outlet side heating channel --15-- the combustion chamber --11-- sufficient place is available. The hood--24-- it has the advantage that one can arrange and/or weld for each individual case wished or necessary connecting pieces, thermostat feelers and other mechanisms at it and/or in it, before the hood --24-- on the boiler comes and on the boiler external body --16-- one welds on. One can prefabricate thus differently equipped hoods separately and comfortably and train and manufacture otherwise the boiler on uniformly and then depending upon regulation country and existing regulations for Heizkessei that prefabricated hood select and put, which contains the connecting piece connections and other mechanisms wished by the finished boiler. Around as perfect a one as possible and also well between full load and part-load adjustable so-called upper burn-up of solid fuel in the combustion chamber --2-- to reach, in particular when burning wood, are in the combustion chamber --2-- at both pages of guidance walls --26-- arranged, itself with a distance from the wall of the combustion chamber --2-- of the boiler grate --6-- upward into the upper range of the combustion chamber --2-- extend. The guidance walls --26-- take up between itself the fuel filling, and a part by the choke --6-- entering air flows as primary air by the slots of the boiler grate --6-- between the two guidance walls through and in the fuel filling highly. The gaps between the guidance walls --26-- and the wall of the combustion chamber --2-- form air ducts, into those the other part of air than Sekundärluft by the boiler grate slots laterally outside of the guidance walls --26-- to enter can, over with simultaneous preliminary heating in these gaps within the upper range of the combustion chamber --2-- to meet with the Schwelgasesn and cause a complete burn. As the Fig.5 and 6 show more near, is between the guidance walls --26-- lying surface of the boiler grate --3-- with a sliding plate --27-- provided, those in longitudinal direction of the combustion chamber --2-- on the boiler grate --3-- is adjustable. Partly are the louvers of the boiler grate --3-- by this sliding plate --27-- in each position of the sliding plate the louvers of the boiler grate are locked, partly --3-- in such a manner of louvers of the sliding plate it covers that the Durehlaßquerschnitt of these louvers of the boiler grate --3-- by shifting the sliding plate --27-- to be increased or made smaller can. In this way it is reached that with full load like also in particular with part-load by means of the thermalstatically steered choke --6-- changed, entering amount of air that only one part as primary air by the fuel filling between the guidance walls is divided in such a manner --26-- and a sufficient part flows through as Sekundärluft with simultaneous preliminary heating the two lateral air ducts flowed through. Hiedurch are obtained in particular during combustion of wood, for which the guidance walls and secondary air preheating channels are substantial and important, exhaust gas values, which fulfill the different place the existing demands on an extraordinarily low carbon monoxyde content of the exhaust gases. If the sliding plate is taken off completely from the boiler grate and removed from the boiler, so that all louvers of the boiler grate are free, the boiler achieves its maximum solid fuel achievement, for example if coal or coke is to be fired, whereby a purposeful throttling of the primary air portion and increase of the secondary air portion can be void with full load or also with part-load. With the enterprise with coal or coke it can be done if necessary also without the guidance walls and the secondary air preheating channels so that the guidance walls can be trained appropriately in such a way that they can be pushed in for combustion of wood into the combustion chamber and be pulled for Kohleoder Koksfeuerung out of the combustion chamber. The connecting at the outlet side heating channel --9-- the combustion chamber --2-- and the connecting at the outlet side heating channel --15-- the combustion chamber --11-- possesses equally a rectangular cross section, whose larger Queschnittsbreite runs horizontal, whereby the horizontal cross section width of the connecting at the outlet side heating channel --15-- preferably for instance equal the diameter of the combustion chamber --11-- is and the horizontal cross section width of the connecting at the outlet side heating channel --9-- is preferably smaller than the horizontal smaller diameter of the elliptical combustion chamber --2--. Both connecting at the outlet side heating channels are inside provided with a Berippung from vertically arranged ribs, comblike in the cross section. As the Fig.4 shows, the two box shaped connecting at the outlet side heating channels are ever from an upper and lower u-shaped tubing half --28-- welded together and on the inside of the tubing halves with ribs --29-- provided, from which in each case two ribs consist u-shaped bent metal strip coherently of one about, that by only one welding seam --30-- heat conducting is connected with the tubing half. With a rib thickness of approximately 2.5 mm the ribs have--29-- from their rib foot to its rib comb a height of approximately 40 mm, projecting connected with the tubing half, into the duct cross section. With this dimensioning of the ribs --29-- it is caused that the ribs do not become so hot when admission by the incineration gases of the combustion chamber entering with a temperature from approximately 600 to 700°C the connecting at the outlet side heating channels like also the combustion chamber that a scaling of the rib material enters in particular at the rib comb that the ribs become so hot on the other hand however that at the ribs setting combustion residues decompose and are burned and a thermolytischer self cleaning effect of the ribs enter. Hiedurch remain the connecting at the outlet side heating surface ribs freely by sooting and remain their heat receptiveness and heat transmission rate, so that regular cleaning of the connecting at the outlet side heating channels become dispensable for achievement of a " economic fuel heat utilization and high boiler efficiencies. For the avoidance of the scaling danger and for the guarantee of the thermolytischen self cleaning effect the rib height should remain within a tolerance of plus or minus 5 mm. Also the welding seam common for two ribs should --30-- like the rib thickness its, i.e. at least 5 mm amount to twice as thick. The ribs of the two tubing halves face each other in pairs and lie with their rib comb approximately in the division level between the two tubing halves. Thus a connecting at the outlet side heating channel, which has Innenberippung a which is enough into the cross section center and/or gas flow center without excess of the permissible rib height on the one hand, results on the other hand a sufficiently large, which doubled rib height appropriate vertical cross-sectional height possesses, so that for each chamber only one connecting at the outlet side heating channel is sufficient and only at its ends into the boiler plates needs to be welded.