Ohraufliegender kopfhörer
[0001] The invention refers to ear-resting upon headphones for a Stereosignal, which exhibits a signal of a right channel and a signal of a left channel, with listener shells for the two ears, which exhibit an electroacoustic main transducer in each case, that the signal of the right channel and/or the signal of the left channel in its original or in a finished form supplied wird.
The fundamental principle of the electroacoustic Stereoübertragung of a sound event exists in the arrangement of two channels, whereby the left channel (X) mainly signals from the left half and the right channel (Y) of signals from the right half of the acoustic sources, those contains in the rendition area over one left and/or right loudspeaker each radiated and in this area acoustically mixed werden.
A simplest realization effected admission-laterally via 2 microphones with more on one side (e.g. more nierenförmiger) directional characteristic whereby the one for the left side of the acoustic sources and the other one to the right side is arranged. If these two channels are electrically added, a now single-channel signal, for a virtual microphone with nierenförmiger directional characteristic (, develops center microphone), which for the broad center of the acoustic sources is arranged, corresponds and as so-called mono signal single-channel transferably ist.
Contrary to loudspeakers the spatial mixture of the two Stereosignale is not possible with headphones, which leads in-head-localization (IKL) apart from the loss at spatialness to, “, which is unnatural and as unpleasantly felt wird.
It gave already different efforts to reach a localization outside of the head whereby the followed solution methods on behalf not compatibly to usually the available and over loudspeakers the radiated electrical Stereosignalen sind.
From US 5.175.768 A it is further well-known to accomplish an electrical mixture Rechtsund of link signal. The right and the left listener part the headphone exhibit for this in each case a transducer, which possesses two plungers more überoder lying side by side, of which everyone on the one hand from the left and, one weakens, one operates in reverse by the right channel or. The improvement attainable thereby is however strong limitiert.
Also different electrical signal processings, by which an improvement of the spatial impression, are admit (e.g. Dolby Headphone) is to be achieved.
A conventional design for headphones are the so-called ear-enclosing headphones (and/or headphones circumauralen). With this design the headphone shell encloses the ear completely. Since this headphones are quite voluminös, they are suitable less with a mobile Verwendung.
Modern clay/tone carriers are characterised by small size with very high memory density. The desire for very small transducers developed in a general manner to the rendition, thus the desire for miniature headphones. A first design here are the so-called putting in listeners or hearing course listener or, in-ear-headphones " (, in-ear-headphones "), which are introduced to the Gehörgang. A further design are the earphones (, ear buds "), which into the cap (pinna) are inserted, into the range recess formed by that, Concha " (, Cavum Conchae ") of the cap. Acoustic quality and stretcher comfort of these designs of headphones are however natural begrenzt.
In further consequence flat formed headphones resting upon the cap were developed. These are called ear-resting upon headphones (and/or supraaurale headphones). For the mounting plate of the listener shells in plant at the cap the two Hörermuschein are usually connected by a handle with one another, which can be led over or also behind the head. Contrary to the circumauralen headphones the caps become at least not complete umschlossen. with the supraauralen headphones
Austrian patent office RK 507,622 B1 2010-09-15 although ear-resting upon headphones can be trained relatively small and thus well for mobile applications as well as exist a good stretcher comfort and a good sound quality to exhibit, the problems of the loss at spatialness and that, in-head-localization are suitable " also with these headphones.
Task of the invention is to be made available it to ear-resting upon headphone with an improved sound quality. This succeeds according to invention to headphones with the characteristics of the requirement 1. by
By the employment of an additional auxiliary transducer, which is arranged at least partly in the extension, which the respective listener shell on its side arranged to the ear exhibits, and which a signal is supplied, which is a difference signal between the signals of the right and left channel or contains this, can an improvement of the Klangbildes with a decrease of the IKL and a clear feeling of the subjectively felt acoustic width of the sound event which can be shown reached werden.
Here by the training according to invention a altogether small size the headphone with a high stretcher comfort is made possible. By the extension, in which the auxiliary transducer is at least partly arranged, can be achieved also a positioning of the listener shells to the ear, by the extensions into the Cavum Conchae of the cap or into the outside Gehörgang ragen.
A particularly good improvement of the Klangbildes with a decrease of the IKL and a subjectively felt acoustic width of the sound event can be achieved by the fact that by the main transducer and acoustic signals delivered by the auxiliary transducer of a respective listener shell mix after their radiation acoustically, i.e. the sound fields in at least a Mischraum. , produced by the transducers, mix
This mixture area can lie within the housing of the listener shell and/or between the respective listener shell put on headphone and parts of the cap. If the mixture area exhibits ranges both within and outside of the listener shell (thus between listener shell and ear), then are these ranges favourable-proves by Schallöffnungen in the housing of the listener shell connected. Conceivably and possible would be it also that two or more by partition walls separate mixture areas from each other separated available sind.
If the difference of the signals from the two Stereokanälen is formed, a difference signal develops, with which the coherent signal portions from both channels are suppressed and which incoherent to remain remaining. This difference signal is a signal, like it from a virtual microphone with figure-eight directional characteristic would come, its main sensitivity direction normally for the direction of the mono signal from the virtual microphone with nierenförmiger directional characteristic (, center microphone ") lies, i.e. those works and does not transfer particularly from space reflections and/or response bestehen. as side microphone essentially the not coherent acoustic signals originating from the sides of the transmitting room,
A further improvement of the Klangbildes thus e.g. develops, if the difference signal is gegenphasig supplied to the auxiliary transducers of the right and the left listener part,
on the left of XY and on the right of Y-X.
The acoustic overlay from right (Y) and left (X) with the difference from both channels simulates to a certain extent the acoustic overlay, whereby also here an acoustic difference formation, taking place in a rendition area, i.e. extinction of coherent sound portions from the two Stereokanälen stattfindet.
It was recognized that a IKL arises above all, if the ear receives signals, which cannot be assigned to possible sources present outside of the head. This is with conventional headphones particularly on the absence one - although still so small - secondary sound field zurückzuführen.
With the main transducer and auxiliary transducer of a respective listener shell it concerns Austrian patent office RK 507,622 B1 2010-09-15 from each other independent and/or autonomous in each case transducers, i.e. these transducers are acoustically separate. For this purpose they exhibit separate diaphragm systems, i.e. there is independent diaphragm with plungers vorhanden.
For the adjustment of the acoustic overlay the difference signal can to be strengthened and/or Rechtsund of link signals be able weakened sein.
The phase positions that the auxiliary transducers of supplied difference signals can be at the same time around 180° reversible. It was shown that a selectable polarity of the difference signal depending upon a character of the Schallsignals and/or its recording technology favourably for the acoustic impression, which can be shown, its kann.
The amplitudes (level) that the auxiliary transducers of supplied difference signals can be changeable, whereby two or more stages can be planned. For example a change-over between a maximum signal level and the value can be intended 0 of the signal level of the difference signal. With one additionally prefer-proves existing reversal possibility of the phase position results in this three steps. Intermediate stages for the signal levels of the difference signals can be likewise intended. In a favourable execution form the level of the difference signals can continuously changeable sein.
Those the main transducers of supplied signals can be the signals of the right and left channel in their original form or in a finished form. So the signals of the right and left channel can be changed for example filtered and/or in their level. Also a mixing of a part of the signal the other of the channel or one or several components of it (in certain phase positions) or other electronic changes of the origin signal are conceivable and possible. The principal part the right main transducer of supplied signal is anyhow the signal of the right channel and the principal part the left main transducer of supplied signal the signal of the left Kanals.
Those the auxiliary transducers of supplied difference signals can likewise electrically filtered and/or in other way electronically changed sein.
The extension, in which the auxiliary transducer is at least partly arranged, could be called also, projection/lead ". It is away from that the ear turned side of the listener shell, which is preferably trained essentially flat im Übrigen at least up to their boundary region. In particular this extension can be trained by a Ausstülpung of a housing, taken up by that the main transducer and auxiliary transducer sind.
Further advantages and details of the invention are described in the following on the basis the enclosed design. In this show:
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 a schematic cut (right) of the listener shell the headphone in accordance with the invention in the condition set on the ear of the user (without both listener shells connecting the handles); an opinion (link) against the ear of the user resting of the listener shell the headphone of Fig. 1 (with both listener shells connecting the handles); a schematic Schrägsicht (right) of the listener shell the headphone, opposite Fig. 1 easily modifies; an electrical connection diagram headphone according to invention in accordance with a first execution form; Fig. 5 an execution variant of the electrical control of the Hilfs-Wandler.
A first remark example of the invention is described in the following on the basis the figures 1 to 4. Fig. 1 shows a schematic cut by one of the two listener shells (=Hörerteile) 1 the headphone (the right). The other listener shell is mirror-image trained. In a housing an electroacoustic main transducer 4 is arranged 2, 3, whose diaphragm 5 radiates a sound field when suggestion by an electrical signal. The main transducer 4 is only schematically represented, whereby conventional training with Austrian patent office RK 507,622 B1 2010-09-15 magnets 6 and a plunger 7 suggested ist.
The headphones is in form ear-resting upon headphone and/or supraauralen headphone trained, whereby the listener shell 1 covers at least a part of the ear 8, this however not and/or not completely encloses. The coverage of the ear 8 goes here beyond the Gehörgang 9 and the Concha 10 of the cap and/or rests the listener shell 1 against the ear at least also outside of the Gehörgangs 9 and the Concha 10. In this sense it concerns at least related to the main transducer 4 around supraauralen headphone and not a in-ear-headphone or earphone (earbud).
The main transducer 4 is here laminar trained, whereby the diameter of its diaphragm 5 at least the double value, preferably at least the three-way value, the diameter of the outside Gehörgangs 9 aufweist.
Favorable way points preferably at least the diaphragm 5 a diameter of at least 1cm, to 2cm auf.
The housing of the listener shell 1 in the remark example shown a housing bottom 2 and one hereby, for example by a snap connection, connected frame cover 3. other training of the housing are conceivable and possible enclosure. On the side arranged to the head 12 of the user and/or outside Gehörgang 9 (in the remark example shown in the frame cover 3) depressing openings 11 are as Schallöffnungen ausgebildet.
The listener shell 1 exhibits arranged side an extension 13 on their to the head 12 of the user and/or to the outside Gehörgang 9. This is formed by a Ausstülpung of the housing of the listener shell 1 (in the remark example shown of the frame cover 3). In this extension 13 an electroacoustic auxiliary transducer 14 is arranged, that in Fig. 1 is only schematically by a rectangle suggested. At the front side end of the extension 13 is a depressing opening 15 as Schallöffnung ausgebildet.
In Fig. 1 is centrically being because of the listener shell 1 represented the extension 13. From Fig. it is evident to 3 that the extension 13 can be arranged also decentralized, whereby it not central before the main transducer 4 liegt.
Before with the sound radiations of the main transducer 4 and auxiliary transducer 14 one deals, first the electrical control of these transducers becomes 4, 14 on the basis of Fig.
4 erläutert.
Usually the electrical Stereosignale is supplied by means of (at least) three pole lines. The signal Y for right channel lies between a first leader 16 and Erdbzw. Pig pus 17 on and the signal X for the left channel lies close between a second leader 18 and the pig pus 17. These signals Y and X become the main transducers 4 of the two listener shells 1 zugeführt.
By reduction of the signal between the first leader 16 and the second leader 18 a difference signal Y-X is won, which is supplied to the auxiliary transducer 14 a listener shell a 1, if necessary by way of electrical signal processing construction units 19, while the difference signal XY with the reverse polarity, again if necessary over signal processing construction units 19, to which auxiliary transducer 14 of the other listener shell 1 is supplied. Those the auxiliary transducers 14 of the two listener shells 1 of supplied difference signals are thus gegenphasig.
The signal processing construction units 19 can be trained for example as the signal reinforcement or - weakening and/or as the frequency filtering and/or as the Zeitverschiebung between the difference signal Y-X and/or XY and the signal Y and/or X. E.g. only direction code-basic frequency portions in the difference signal can be maintained by a frequency filtering, those for example downward at least up to a value of 500Hz, preferably at least to 300Hz reichen.
From the auxiliary transducer 14 of the respective listener shell 1 a sound field is radiated into the outside Austrian patent office RK 507,622 B1 2010-09-15 Gehörgang 9, in addition, into the area 20, which is between the listener shell 1 and the ear 8 outside of the outside Gehörgangs 9, as well as into the area 21, which is within the housing 2, 3 of the listener shell 1 and is to the outside Gehörgang 9 sound open. The area 21 is e.g. limited as represented by the outside housing wall, by an internal housing wall 27 and by the main transducer 4. Into the areas 21, 20 as well as into the outside Gehörgang 9 from the main transducer 4 of the respective listener shell 1 delivered sound field is also radiated. The areas 20, 21 represent here (by the depressing openings 11 connected) a mixture area, in which the 14 sound fields delivered by the transducers 4, acoustically mix. Here an overlaid sound field is produced. Arranges this for the user a far spatial impression, whereby the localization of the acoustic source in the head decreases wird.
The sound fields delivered by the main transducers 4 contain the direction code of the spatial direct signal of the sound event which can be shown. The sound fields delivered by the auxiliary transducers 14 carry above all information about the spatial, diffuse character of the sound of the Schallereignisses. which can be shown
A certain overlay of the transducers 4, 14 delivered sound fields takes place also in the outside Gehörgang 9, due to its small dimensions would be however small the effect alone attainable by this overlay. It is preferably at least one mixture area 20, 21 available, its transverse to the longitudinal axis 22 of the outside Gehörgangs 9 measured largest linear dimension more as 0,75cm, preferably more than 1 cm beträgt.
The extension 13 rises up in preferential execution forms at least to in of the Concha 10 formed recess (Cavum Conchae). It can rise up also into the outside Gehörgang 9. Anyhow however the outside Gehörgang 9 from the extension 13 with the auxiliary transducer arranged therein 14 is not sound-isolated, i.e. the extension 13 with the auxiliary transducer 14 arranged therein is trained in relation to the outside Gehörgang 9 sound open. There is thus in or several Schallöffnungen to depresses from the main transducer 4 radiated sound and/or from the overlaid sound field trained in the areas 20, 21 available. The radiation of the auxiliary transducer 14 into the areas 20, 21 can partly likewise take place at least via these at least one Schallöffnung. The Schallöffnung can for example in an educated manner by a play between the extension 13 rising up into the outside Gehörgang 9 and the wall of the outside Gehörgangs 9 werden.
The extension 13 can be covered with a material also, which rests against the wall of the outside Gehörgangs 9 and exhibits Schallöffnungen screen end pores. Conceivably and possible is to be trained it also the auxiliary transducer 14 with one or more depressing openings interspersing it, one or more Schallöffnungen bilden.
In another possible execution form the extension 13 is arranged only to the outside Gehörgang 9, without rising up in these or into the Cavum Conchae. Here the longitudinal axis 22 of the outside Gehörgangs 9 preferably intersperses the auxiliary transducer 14.
By the cooperation of the extension 13 with the walls of the Concha 10 or the outside Gehörgangs 9, also a centring of the listener shell 1 can to the ear 8 reached werden.
In principle conceivably and possible it is also that the extension 13 rising up into the Cavum Conchae or the outside Gehörgang 9 causes the exclusive mounting plate of the listener shell 1 at the ear 8, the listener shells 1 of the two ears of connecting handles 23, of a section in the Fig. 2 and 3 represented is, thus entfällt.
The extension 13 points one, worm-like ", preferably a cylindrical (see Fig. 1) or conical approaching (see Fig. 3) form auf.
A further possibility for an electrical control of the auxiliary transducers 14 of the two listener shells 1 is in Fig. 5 represented. The signals Y and X for right and left channel are supplied to the Schleifern 24, 25 one switched double potentiometer 26 Austrian patent office RK 507,622 B1 2010-09-15, so that in an attitude of the Schleifer is supplied to the auxiliary transducer 14 of the left channel the difference signal Y-X and the auxiliary transducer 14 of the right channel the difference signal XY. In the other attitude of the Schleifer the difference signal XY and the auxiliary transducer 14 of the right channel the difference signal Y-X is supplied to the auxiliary transducer 14 of the left channel. In the central position of the Schleifer no difference signal develops, so that the auxiliary transducers 14 quasi, shut down " sind.
Thus one can turn around the phase positions of the gegenphasigen in each case difference signals for the two auxiliary transducers 14 of the two listener shells 1 and also the level of the difference signal by the position of the Schleifer 24, 25 continuously einstellen.
Different modifications of the descriptive remark examples are conceivable and possible, without leaving the range of the invention. So the auxiliary transducers 14 also into the extensions 13 could only project (and not completely in these arranged to be).
The housings of the listener shells 1 can to be in detail differently trained and different types of transducers be able used for the main transducers 4 and auxiliary transducer 14 werden.
The housing of the listener shell 1 knows on that the head 12 of the user turned side at least partly, preferably at least within the range of the plant at the ear 8, with a soft material, for example foam material, occupied or coated sein.
The housing of the listener shell 1 can at least partly, preferably at least be manufactured on that the head 12 of the user turned side in the range of the plant at the ear 8, from an elastic material, for example an elastomer. Also in-entire training of the housing from such a material is conceivable and möglich.
PUTTING Gehörgang Concha 11 depressing opening 12 head 13 extension 14 auxiliary transducer depressing opening 16 first leader 17 pig pus 18 second leader 19 signal processing construction unit area 21 area 22 longitudinal axis of 23 handles 24 Schleifer Schleifer of 26 double potentiometers 27 wall Austrian patent office RK 507,622 B1 2010-09-15 outside TO the REFERENCE NUMBERS 1 listener shell 2 housing bottom 3 frame cover of 4 main transducers diaphragm 6 magnet 7 plunger 8 ear 9 Headphones resting on the ears for a stereo signal, which comprises a signal (Y) of a right channel and a signal (X) of a left channel, comprising ear pads (1) for both ears (8), which in each case comprise an electroacoustic main converter (4) to which the signal (Y) of the right channel or the signal (X) of the left channel is supplied in the original form thereof or in a processed form, wherein on the sides directed at the head (12) of the user the ear pads (1) in each case comprises an extension (13) in which an auxiliary converter (14) is arranged at least partially, to which a signal is supplied which contains a differential signal (Y-X, X-Y) between the signals (X, Y) of the right and left channels. Ear-resting upon headphone for Stereosignal, which signal (Y) right channel and signal (X) left channel exhibits, with listener shells (1) for both ears (8), which in each case electroacoustic main transducers (4) exhibit, which the signal (Y) of of the right channel and/or the signal (X) of of the left channel in its original or in to a finished form, thereby is marked that the Hörermuschein (1) on its sides an extension (13), arranged to the head (12) of the user, exhibits in each case, in which an electroacoustic auxiliary transducer (14) is at least partly arranged, to which a signal is supplied, the one difference signal (Y-X, XY) between the signals (X, Y) of the right and left channel is or this enthält.
Ear-resting upon headphones according to requirement 1, by the fact characterized that the extension (13) of the respective listener shell (1) in on the head (12) of a user put on condition the headphone to the outside Gehörgang (9) of the ear (8) arranged is, preferably in these or at least into the Cavum Conchae ragt.
Ear-resting upon headphones according to requirement 1 or 2, by the fact characterized that the extension (13) with the auxiliary transducer (14), at least partial arranged therein, in relation to the outside Gehörgang (9) sound open trained ist.
Ear-resting upon headphones after one of the requirements 1 to 3, by the fact characterized that the main transducer (4) and the auxiliary transducer (14) of of a respective listener shell radiate (1) into at least one mixture area (20, 21), which between the listener shell (1) and the ear (8) and/or within the listener shell (1) lies itself, and in that from the main transducer (4) radiated sound field with the sound field radiated from the auxiliary transducer (14) mischt.
Ear-resting upon headphones according to requirement 4, by the fact characterized that at least a mixture area (20, 21) within and/or outside of the main transducer (4) of taking up housing (2, 3) of the listener shell (1) liegt.
Ear-resting upon headphones after one of the requirements 1 to 5, by the fact characterized that the extension (13) an essentially cylindrical or conical approaching form aufweist.
Ear-resting upon headphones after one of the requirements 1 to 6, by the fact characterized that the Durchmessr of a sound-delivering diaphragm (5) of the main transducer (4) at least twice as largely like the diameter of the outside Gehörgangs (9) ist.
Ear-resting upon headphones after one of the requirements 4 to 7, by the fact characterized that transverse to the longitudinal axis (22) of of the outside Gehörgangs (9) measured largest linear dimension of the mixture area (20, 21) and/or at least one the mixture area (20, 21) more as 0,75cm, preferably more than 1cm beträgt.
Ear-resting upon headphones after one of the requirements 1 to 8, by the fact characterized that the phases that the auxiliary transducers (of 14) supplied signals reversibly sind.
Ear-resting upon headphones after one of the requirements 1 to 9, by the fact characterized that the levels are changeable that the auxiliary transducers (14) supplied signals.