By the fiber reinforced material of the corresponding wheels of the wheel and method of manufacturing

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the fiber reinforced material is used for manufacturing of such as automobile, motorcycle or the like in the field of passenger wheels of the vehicle.

Background Art

1970 years began to high molecular composite material. As its name indicated by the, composite material is to provide the mechanical properties of the fiber material and fiber embedded therein around the complex of the matrix material, the matrix material around the responsible for adhesion, support and protect the fiber. Mechanical performance is significantly enhanced because of the occurrence of the textile fiber dynasty directional direction of the load. Usually according to the application to the fields of the carbon fiber, glass fiber or Fiber or a mixture thereof. Fiber is dry or impregnated in the form of processing. Compared with the metal alloy, composite material is one of the advantages of low specific weight. By the cast aluminum or steel wheel compared with the similar, made by the composite material significantly reduce the weight of the wheel. With a metal wheel compared with the manufacturing of, another advantage is the design flexibility of the higher. In addition, the process of manufacturing the wheel must be less energy.

20 February 1968 published US3369843 relates to laminated wheel. The wheel comprises a relatively flat to accept the wheel hub and extending transversely to the outside of the wheel rim. The hub and the external rim section composed of a plurality of radially extending strengthening the synthetic resin material of the triangular plate layer integrally formed, these layer overlaps each other in the circumferential direction from the hub to the outer bifurcation.

30 January 1974 published GB1372357 describes a land wheel, the land wheel comprises a main body and wrapped up in the plastic material in the skin of the porous rigid plastic core to form a rim. Reinforcing elements (such as steel) can be at least partially embedded in the main body, the reinforcing element by mechanical lock (for example by providing a form for the core material of the bolt hole) or by bonding, or on a surface is bonded to skin, thus fixed to core. By the opening cover can be injection molding material (such as the ABS copolymer, polyurethane, nylon, polyethylene or polypropylene) or of molded material (such as polyurethane, unsaturated polyester or epoxy resin) made. Skin can be formed by injection molding the material of the can (for example acetal polyamide, polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyurethane or polypropylene) made, this can be injection molding of the material may be a fiber-reinforced, or can be spread stack by the technical by suitable forming of the material of the leather products, such as fiber reinforced polyester or epoxy resin, the fibers in the skin material is glass, carbon, asbestos or metal.

11 January 1994 published US5277479A described one-piece resin wheel. The wheel includes an integral forming of the rim and disk. The disk with the shaft hole of the rim portion between the bolt holes not with in addition to the outside of the blind plate in the form of a hole. The wheel through the fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin injection molding or injection compression molding to form.

23 August 1988 published US4900097A has described by engineering polymer material on the rim. The wheel is connected to the disk, the disk is provided with a fixing assembly for hole. The disc and the automobile hub inserted between the heat-insulating plate. In each of the used for fixing the component present in the area of the hole of the plurality of axial uniformly arranged pin, these pin arranged in surface contact at two sides of the supporting plate. Pin linear expansion rate equal to the linear expansion of the fixed assembly.

7 February 1978 published US4072358A described for pneumatic tire compression forming and cutting fiber reinforced plastic wheel. Comprising by weight of 65% of the cutting glass fiber polyimide plastic is compression molding.

4 November 1975 published US3917352A described with fiber reinforced plastic central hub of the wheel. The wheel rim to the hub part is formed for receiving a tire. The wheel rim includes the two sides of the rim of the circumference of the tire bead area and 1st 2nd circumferential bead area. The rim includes a plurality of resin wrapped from the hub of one of the above bead area extending continuously in the form of a relative to the length of the bead area.

Published 21 May 1974 US3811737A described reinforced resin wheel, the reinforced resin wheel including a plurality of fastening holes are formed in the disk. The rigid plate material embedded in the disk, and formed with a fastening hole alignment of drilling. These plates and the outer surface of the outer surface of the disk extends out at least a portion of the periphery of the side.

21 September 2006 published WO06097856 relates to comprises a for receiving the wheel rim and the tire and the wheel rim is connected to the hub of the spoke unit or the wheel. The rim is made of plastic material, and the spoke unit or the wheel is made of metal. The shape of the wheel rim by means of material closure and/or force closure is connected to the spoke unit or the wheel. The aim of the invention on the rim of the base disc can be accurately positioned and the wheel has fine design. Therefore, the spoke unit or the wheel by means of at least one of the guide through the rim of the base is connected to the connecting element, and the connecting element is accommodated in the spoke unit or the wheel in order to by the tire or by spoke unit or the wheel is completely covered.

13 October 1994 published WO94226A illustrate how using the same basic wheel mechanism with a combination of the metal cover element is made of a metal of a different design method of the wheel. The cover element shown only covers on the wheel hub and spoke structure of the basic wheel structure, and not extend completely to the wheel circumference wheel felloe. Therefore, the design of the circumference wheel felloe is not affected by the impact of the cover element.

6 January 2011 published WO11000070A shown by the thermoplastic matrix and synthetic fiber comprises a homogeneous mixture of polymer composite material through the injection molding process to manufacture the wheel is made in one piece. The literature also describes the central area of the wheel using different types of metal insert in order to enhance the connection of the wheel and the vehicle.

20 November 2007 published US7296860B shown around the periphery of the wheel rim assembly of the retaining ring. The goal of the invention is to make the light alloy side of the wheel from damage, and to improve the appearance of the wheel rim. Therefore, the protection device is of shock attenuation and can make use of the multi-layer manufacturing. The retaining ring reaches a certain extent of damage can be replaced when, the extent of damage of the damage and the colors of the instructions can be used. Protective substance of the wheel and circumference area limited to not extend to the central wheel hub area.

The prior formed of fiber reinforced material making the wheel concept of the problem is that because the micro-motion (in particular between the fastening bolt and the fiber) and other damage caused by abrasion, the contact corrosion, structural damage.

But, in many cases, for end users, detection and assessment of the fiber reinforced material of the wheel in the manufacturing of the injury is difficult, even is not feasible. The main reason is that: such as the impact of the external force such as stones can lead to damage of the bottom layer of the material, from the outside can be seen of the material are kept in good condition. Therefore, needs to be indicated or stressed by fiber reinforced plastic manufacturing the wheel of potential structural damage of the system.

Similarly, it is used for producing the fiber reinforced material for producing parts for the purposes of many of the method, the processing cost is quite high. Therefore, if for example by conventional light metal alloy compared with the manufacturing of the wheel, this kind of composite material in the manufacturing of the changes in the design of the wheel are often quite expensive. Therefore, explore the wheel design of low aspect allows for changes in the method.

Especially for the very expensive in the case of wheel, another common problem is that the wheel often is easy to be forged and theft. Therefore, customer safety but also for crime prevention and law enforcement purposes, to verify the authenticity of the original wheel and identification previously of the car with the wheel means is very important.

Content of the invention

A purpose of this invention is to provide a wheel, its avoid from existing technology was informed that the problem such as mentioned above. Another purpose of this invention is to provide a method of making the corresponding wheel.

According to the invention of the wheel includes a rim and the arrangement in which the structure of the spoke, the spoke structure and rim are connected to each other and adapted to enable the wheel to the vehicle hub. The spoke structure is comprised of fiber reinforced material. The wheel rim includes suitable for engagement with the tire tube circle with the tire of the tire cover circle. Wheel rim can be formed of fiber reinforced material or is made of metal the single part. In a preferred embodiment, wheel rim and spoke structure by the same fiber reinforced material, and in one processing step are integrally connected to each other. Because the fiber-reinforced material by the resin transfer molding (RTM) made has obtained good results. Replacement of the example method may be appropriate based on dry fiber and/or impregnated fiber (prepreg).

Usually, the insertion piece is made a separate member, the separate part in embedding the fibers before and/or after embedding the fibers in the is inserted into the mold. After, the closing of the mold, is introduced into a liquid in the form of resin material. By means of the resin material temperature and/or pressure changes and the solidification. After, opening the mould and removing the wheel. Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides the advantage of: usually does not need to post of the wheel.

A predetermined type of insert is arranged in the center of the spoke structure, the insertion piece integrally connected to the disk, correspondingly connected to the spoke structure, and in the course of operating the insert in the attachment of the plate-shaped transmitted between the wheel hub and of the load. The insert is at least partially embedded in the fiber-reinforced material. In a preferred embodiment, insertion member comprises is not reinforced material covering the suspension system. The suspension system to be engaged with the installation of the wheel hub of the role of each other. At the appropriate time, the insert can be provided with in the process of manufacturing the wheel resin class guided in the at least one opening or at least one surface.

According to one aspect of the invention, the insert can be made of a metal material, or alternatively or in addition, is made of ceramic material. Ceramic material may be a similar such as a ceramic base complex (CMC) of the fiber-reinforced ceramic, compared with the metal insert can further reduce the weight of the insert.

However, alternatively or in addition, the insert can be at least partially made of plastic material, the plastic material can particularly be a fiber reinforced plastic material. Therefore, can further reduce the total weight of the wheel and its moment of inertia. This plastic types of insertion piece can for example make use of thermoplastic or thermosetting matrix material through the injection molding manufacturing process. Alternatively, can be in bulk molding (BMC) or resin transfer molding (RTM) process using thermosetting matrix production in the insert. If necessary, by conventional BMC or RTM process to produce the insert, to be followed by additional the final compression step to increase the dimensional accuracy and surface accuracy.

The insert can include at least one reinforcing insert (sub-insert), the reinforcing insert totally or partially embedded into the insert in the plastic material of the part. The reinforcement insert will normally be in the installation of the wheel hub of the vehicle such as a contact surface and is used for the wheel fixed to the hub of the contact surface of the screw. Therefore, it is useful that: by mechanical and/or chemical property different from the insertion piece is made of the material of the plastic part of the reinforcing insert. With the insert compared with the plastic part, reinforced insert can be for example has greater hardness and strength. The at least one reinforcing insert can be made of metal or another kind of fiber reinforced material. And, insert can be made from a ceramic material, the ceramic material can also be fiber-reinforced ceramic material.

In one embodiment, the wheel includes a rim and with the rim of the spoke connected structure, the spoke structure is comprised of fiber reinforced plastic material. The insert is embedded in the fiber-reinforced structure, preferably in the center of the spoke structure. The insert includes at least one region, the region extending out of the surface of the fiber reinforced plastic material, thereby forming at least one contact region, and the region as a whole and not to adversely by way of fiber reinforced material is covered. The insertion piece of the at least one contact region is disposed in the radial and/or axial direction of the hub with the fixed wheel of the corresponding surface of the interaction. The insert may include a to receive used for fixing the wheel bolt of the at least one fastening hole. If necessary, can then offer the one or a plurality of individual insert in order to admit the fastening bolt. According to applications, the contact zone can be covered by the material. Usually, the contact surface of the at least one end of the adjacent fastening arrangement. The at least one contact zone preferably aligned spokes of the spoke structure. Other embodiments are possible, for example if the number of the spoke with the fastening hole does not correspond to the number. In a preferred embodiment, the insert includes a wing-shaped element, the wing-shaped element in the direction of the spoke of the spoke structure on outwardly to provide interaction with the spoke structure evenly (with its switching force). In a preferred embodiment, the two contact areas disposed between the at least one bridge member. The bridge member to form a recess to receive a fiber reinforced plastic material. Fiber-reinforced plastic material is placed in the concave seat, thus around the bridge to form loops. Wheel rim can be formed of fiber reinforced plastic material. Wheel rim can be integrally connected to the spoke structure. If appropriate, then the wheel rim can be at least partially made of metal.

In a preferred embodiment, the wheel comprises integrally connected to the rim of the spoke structure. Coronary insert embedded in the spoke structure in the fiber-reinforced material. Insertion member comprises five around central hole arrangement of the fastening hole. In each fastening hole on both ends of the existence of the negative manner to fiber reinforced material covers the contact. These contact on one side to be engaged with the locking bolt and the interaction of the hub of the vehicle. The insert in the central opening formed inside of the five radial contact zone, these contact aligned with the fastening hole. The wheel may include a disposed in the fastener hole of the auxiliary opening between. These openings may be in the process of production of the wheel is used as the holding device.

In order to prevent the electrochemical corrosion phenomenon, according to the wheel of the invention can comprise an electric insulating layer in order to prevent the different materials of the contact between the (negative).

In order to allow easy to change the design of the wheel and/or the wheel bearing part from injury and highlight the potential damage of the wheel, the wheel may include a protective cover. The protective cover can be installed on the inner side of the wheel and/or on the outer side, therefore can affect the design and appearance of the wheel. The protective cover can be from such as plastic material or metal such as made of a single homogeneous material. The protective cover can also be construction into a plurality of layers, these layers may also comprise a composite material. In one embodiment, the protective cover may be included in the on the surface of the fiber reinforced plastic material (such as carbon fiber reinforced plastic), the fiber-reinforced plastic material can be covered by the paint but is still visible.

Usually, protective cover for example by adhesive and/or clamping device and/or clip connection interconnected to the wheel. The adhesive can be different from the color of the protective cover and/or the color of the wheel. Therefore, will see for example due to excessive wear or damage of the protective cover of the exposed cling. The protective cover can be detachably connected to the wheel. Therefore, according to one aspect of the invention, can for example through the protective cover and the heat-sensitive cling between the wheels of the wheel to be detached from the heat treatment of the damaged protective cover.

If appropriate, the protective cover may include a flap or other aerodynamic element takes the form of air-guiding element, the air-guiding element positively influence the wheel and/or the vehicle aerodynamics. For example, this air-guiding element can be through the opening of the spokes of a wheel structure influence the air current in order to enhance the cooling of the vehicle braking system. Including air-guiding element of the protective cover can also for example by increasing the negative lift of the vehicle and/or reduce its drag force enhancing the aerodynamic performance of the automobile.

The protective cover may include damage to the indicating mechanism, the damage of the indicating mechanism may direct the protective cover and to the damage of the wheel under the relevant potential damage. This damage to the indicating mechanism can include a colored layer, the color layer in the state not affected by the damage such as the coating on the cover (and is therefore hidden). The color coat can be from such as such as polymerization foil of homogeneous material or included in the color different from the clamp pieces of the fiber made of fiber reinforced material. In contact with the obstacle (such as a curb), regular scraping against the protective cover, therefore will also remove the clamp pieces so as to appear on the underside of the colored layer. So, to the wheel of this type potentially harmful incident through the colored layer will be exposed to be pointed out clearly. Therefore, can detect the wheel in order to verify the integrity of the structure. If not reduce the integrity of the structure of wheel, can then repair or the replacement of a new protective cover. Alternatively or in addition, the wheel can include damage to the indicating mechanism.

Wheel and/or protective cover can include integrally connected to the corresponding portions of the outer material layer. If appropriate, the outer layer can be through the auxiliary tool pre-cast in the at least one material layer is constructed, so the outer layer at least partially corresponding to the surface of the wheel, and accordingly the corresponding protective cover, then fiber applied to a prefabricated material layer, and thereafter in a production tool by resin bonding fibers to form a composite wheel, correspondingly form the protective cover. The material layer (sheet) of the prefabricated may be included in the deep drawing of the tool in the heating and/or deep drawing, and/or the extrusion tool in the extrusion, and/or in the injection molding tool of the injection molding, and/or in the blow molding of the tool in the blow molding. Prefabricated may also occur in the production of the wheel and/or the protective cover of the tool in the.

If appropriate, the wheel and/or the protective cover may be included in the auxiliary tool is prepared in a plurality of material layers, the plurality of material layer lies in the wheel and/or the different position of the protective cover. 1st prefabricated layer can be arranged between the spokes of a wheel and the wheel rim on the outer surface of the structure. 2nd prefabricated layer may be located on the surface of the wheel felloe pitfall. 3rd prefabricated layer may be located on the inner surface of the spoke structure.

According to the invention the prefabricated layers may include indicating the presence of the layer, the layer of the corresponding deletion means. To the optical transparent and colorless in the case of prefabricated layer, these means can for example include such as due to has not visible spectrum by infrared ray of the wavelength of the emitted visible light such as fluorescence.

The protective cover may comprise at least one damping layer in order to absorb the protective cover in the vibration can not its transmitted to the wheel under the structure. This kind of the shock dissipating layer can be for example is a hard foam structure or one or more layers of aromatic polyamide fiber.

Alternatively or in addition, the wheel and/or protective cover can include for example the wheel rim and/or in the at least one spoke and/or spoke structure of the central (hub) in the area of damage detection device. This kind of damage detection device allow sustained and/or regular and/or according to the need to monitor the integrity of the structure of wheel and therefore fault detection. In one embodiment, the fault indication device is positioned in the tire tube circle and/or tire cover circle or in the wheel rim. According to applications, damage detection device may include a fiber optic and/or electrical conductor.

In order to avoid forming cracks and exposed fiber and in order to enhance the performance of the structure, preferably by folding the shop folds the body instead of cutting in the wheel and/or the protective cover to the edge of the bead. Of the present invention in one embodiment, to replace the cutting, foldable wheel and/or the protective cover in the the shop folds the body wheel and/or the protective cover to the edge of the bead. Therefore, the part of the fiber is not cut at the boundary exposed. This enables to improve the appearance of the border and mechanical performance. With crimping of the edge has high mechanical hardness and strength, hindered the cracks. And, with the crimping of the edge can be used for forming such as bead.

Alternatively or in addition, the wheel can include at least one label, the label on the wheel information and may comprise a allows the verification of the authenticity of the wheel corresponding to identification forged wheel means. Such means can for example is sequence number, security hologram or a bar code. In order to from the outside can be seen, this label can be for example imbed transparent external finish in transparent or embedded into the outside of the fiber between the finish with the 1st layer.

Alternatively or in addition, the wheel may comprise at least one electronic device, the electronic device can include on the wheel can be search information, and the electronic device is inserted into the inside the wheel, such that it does not affect the integrity of the wheel can neither see also can not be accessed from outside. The electronic device is for example a transceiver (for example RFID label), its storage and provide cannot be rewriting of the unique identifier. Alternatively or in addition, the electronic device can be used for recording the data for example is used to store the on wheel production history data and recording at the wheel during the life of the inspection and repair. Can for example by means of a portable reading device or subsidiary to the vehicle wheel mounting position of fixed data processing unit reads and edit the stored information in the transceiver. The electronic device also carried on the wheel specification information, the information can be for example used to identify its to a certain type of automobile and/or a certain type of fastening screw and/or tire types and/or driving conditions (for example, speed range and/or temperature range) of the compatibility.

The other features and advantages of this invention will be from the Figure and the non-restrictive embodiment of the invention the description clear.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a front view according to the wheel of the invention;

Figure 2 shows the top view of the vehicle wheels to;

Figure 3 is the cutaway view of along the according to fig. 2 of the hatching DD of the wheel;

Figure 4 three-dimensional view shown to the wheel;

Figure 5 is the insertion piece (according to fig. of embedded in the fiber-reinforced plastic material in the 4 details of A);

Figure 6 to the former of the above 1st three-dimensional view shows when viewed separately inserted piece;

Figure 7 when viewed from the back of the upper three-dimensional view shows of 6 of the insert;

Figure 8 when viewed from the front of to three-dimensional view shown above the part of the plastic material of the insert and the 2nd single construction;

Figure 9 viewed from the back of the upper three-dimensional view shows 8 of the insert;

Figure 10 below the three-dimensional view when viewed from the front of to are shown in order to intuitive and the shear part of the plastic material of Figure 8 of the insert;

Figure 11 when viewed from the front of to the lower part of the three-dimensional view shown reinforcing insert;

Figure 12 shows a front view of the ring to the radial support element;

Figure 13 three-dimensional view shown to the annular radial support element;

Figure 14 shows a front view of the bushing to;

Figure 15 shows 14 the cross section of the EE;

Figure 16 shows a front view with protective cover to the wheel;

Figure 17 shows a rear view with protective cover to the wheel;

Figure 18 in order to in the past when viewed from the above of the removed protecting cover three-dimensional view shows the wheel;

Figure 19 when viewed from the rear to the lower part of the cover of the three-dimensional view shown;

Figure 20 shows a front view with protective cover to the wheel;

Figure 21 when viewed from the front of to the upper part of the protecting cover three-dimensional view shows the wheel removed;

Figure 22 illustrative has shown the protective cover for placing the 1st type;

Figure 23 illustrative has shown the protective cover for placing the 2nd type;

Figure 24 shows the illustrative three-dimensional view cut into two semi-of a part of the wheel rim;

Figure 25 shown with prefabricated layer of the wheel.

Mode of execution

The foregoing brief and the below detailed description of the preferred embodiment in the Figure while reading a better understanding. In order to clarify the invention, the description of a presently preferred embodiment, in this embodiment, all of this in a few picture the same the Figure mark indicating similar parts, however should be understood the invention is not limited to the disclosed specific method and apparatus.

Figure 1 shows a front view according to the invention of the wheel 1, Figure 2 shows a top view of the wheel and to Figure 3 is the cutaway view of along the according to fig. 2 of the hatching DD of the wheel. Figure 4 three-dimensional view shown to the wheel. Figure 5 shows according to fig. 4 the details of A, wherein it can be seen that the insertion piece 2 is embedded in the wheel 1 in the fiber-reinforced plastic material. Figure 6 to the former of the above shown three-dimensional view when viewed from the wheel 1 separate the insertion piece 2, and Figure 7 when viewed from the back of the upper three-dimensional view shown of the insertion piece. Figure 8 and Figure 9 to the former of the above three-dimensional view shown when viewed at least in part by the plastic material construction of the insertion piece 2. Figure 10 below the three-dimensional view when viewed from the front of to are shown in order to intuitive and the shear part of the plastic material of the Figure 8 and Figure 9 of the insertion piece 2. Figure 11 when viewed from the front of to the lower part of the three-dimensional view shown enhanced insert 17&21. Figure 12 and Figure 13 show the front view and three-dimensional view to the annular radial support element 21. In fig. 14 can be seen in front view in the lining type insert 17 and in Figure 15 in Figure 14 the cross section of the defined by the EE can be seen in lining type insert 17. Figure 16 and Figure 17 shows a front view and rear view to with protective cover 25 of the wheel 1. Figure 18 in order to in the past when viewed from the above of the three-dimensional view shown removed protective cover 25 of the wheel 1. Figure 19 to three-dimensional view when viewed from the rear lower of show the protective cover 25. Figure 20 shows a front view has to annular protective cover 25 of the wheel 1 of another embodiment. Figure 21 when viewed from the front of the upper part of the to the three-dimensional view shown removed annular protective cover 25 of the wheel 1. Figure 22 and Figure 23 illustrative has shown the protective cover 25 of two different types of the shelving of the type. Figure 24 to three-dimensional view illustrative are shown cut into two semi-of a part of the wheel rim. Figure 25 having a prefabricated layer shown in wheel 1.

The wheel 1 includes a spoke structure 3, the spoke structure in the outer week whole connected to the rim 4. Rim 4 comprises a to be engaged with the inflatable tire (not shown in detail) the engagement of the tire cover circle 5 and tire tube circle 6. The spoke structure 3 and rim 4 for example by resin transfer molding (RTM) by fiber reinforced plastic material. The insertion piece 2 is preferably made of metal alloy (such as aluminum alloy) or other appropriate material. According to applications, the insert member itself can be made of plastic material. The plastic material may be a fiber reinforced plastic material. In the illustrated embodiment, the insertion piece 2 with cap design.

The spoke structure includes the central opening 7, the central opening by the fastening holes 8 surround. In the illustrated embodiment, the central opening 7 to be engaged with the hub (not shown in detail) interaction. Fastening holes 8 to receive bolts (not shown in detail) in order to make the wheel 1 is attached to the hub. The insertion piece 2 in the spoke structure 3 is embedded in the central portion of the spoke structure 3 in the fiber-reinforced material. The insertion piece 2 comprises a 1st contact zone 10, the 1st contact zone in a radial direction extends out of the fiber reinforced material 9 and reach the central opening 7. The contact zone 10 to be in a radial direction so that the wheel 1 on the wheel hub (not shown in detail) in the to. The wheel hub comprises an contact area 10 interaction of fusing. The contact zone 10 integrally forming the at least partially cylindrical. These contact zone 10 in the tangent direction by the bridge member on 11 interconnect, the bridge member 11 fully embedded in the fiber-reinforced material. Such as according to fig. 3 can be seen in the cutaway view of the, fiber reinforced material 9 to form an encircling the bridge member 11 of the ring 12.

Such as in Figure 1 to Figure 3 it can be seen, in each ring (the corresponding bridge) of the radially outer, fiber reinforced material 9 forming the spoke 13, at its distal end to the spokes of the wheel rim are connected to each other smoothly. Through the bridge member 11 (the corresponding ring 12) and spoke structure 3 of the spoke 13 alignment realizes a balanced distribution of the force generated. The insertion piece 2 also includes the 2nd contact zone 14 and 3rd contact zone 15. 2nd contact zone around the fastening hole 8 arranged in the spoke structure 3 internal, and serves as the axial direction of the inner retainer. In the illustrated embodiment, 3rd contact zone 15 is arranged in the fastening holes 8 of the inner side, to be engaged with the used for making the wheel fixed on the wheel hub bolts (not shown in detail) interaction. As can be seen, the contact region of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd contact sintered contact zone extends out of the embedded with the insertion piece 2 of the fiber reinforced material 9. Thereby realizing only insert the surface contact of the hub.

Figure 5 shows 4 details of A. The spoke structure 3 and rim 4 of all visible line is formed of a thin solid-line shown. The insertion piece 2 can see the line shown by the thick solid line and the insertion piece 2 the visible line in order to dashed-line form shown. In this Figure, we can see how the insert is embedded in the fiber-reinforced plastic material.

According to the present invention in the manufacture of the wheel 1 in the method of, providing a mold, the mold including: used for forming the spoke structure and upper part of the inner part and the lower part of the wheel rim; and used for forming the rim 4 external (not shown in detail) of the at least two sliding side. The mold is opened so that the fiber can be placed in a predetermined manner to the inside of a mould. As a next step, the insert 2 is placed into the mold, with this in mind, the mold preferably includes a holding member (not shown in detail) in order to make the die insertion piece in temporarily holding and positioning at a limited position. In the insertion piece is set in the correct position, in a predetermined manner the additional fibers are arranged in the die, so as to form around the insertion piece 2 of the recessed bridge 11 of the ring 12. Then, the closing of the mold, through the injection opening of the liquid resin is introduced into the die in the form. Through the pressure and changes of the temperature in the mobile mould and when appropriate, the excess resin is removed, and then curing the resin. The resin to fully solidified, the mold is opened and remove the wheel 1. At the appropriate time, in the production process, the insertion piece is clamped in between the upper and the lower part of the die. If necessary, the outer material layer is as described above in inserted into the mold. Not the fiber into a mould in the mold in the outside of the fiber and/or the insert is applied to the outer material layer is feasible. This provides the benefits of: the outer material layer, fiber and/or the insert can be used as a set of assembly is placed into the mold.

Figure 8 to Figure 10 shown in by the plastic material and/or insert made of a ceramic material 2 of another embodiment. The plastic material may be a composite, such as fiber reinforced plastic material, the fiber reinforced plastic material may include a length-to-diameter ratio such as 10 and 100 between the short fiber. The use of short fiber-reinforced plastic that passes through the injection molding process to manufacture the insertion piece 2 is feasible. The reinforcing fiber can be for example is carbon fiber, glass fiber or aromatic polyamide fiber And its composition. However, according to the invention of the insertion piece 2 is not limited to these types of fiber. To be used on consists of a composite plastic material insert made of 2 for the purposes of the matrix, can be used such as polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), polyamide, epoxy resin, double-maleimide (BMI), polyether imide (PEI) or the like thermoplastic material or thermosetting material. By means of the inlet and outlet during molding of the special arrangement, can control the fiber in a predetermined region of the insertion piece alignment, so that the two wheels in the central region of the load distribution has optimized the insertion piece 2 anisotropic.

The insertion piece 2 can include one or more reinforcing insert. In fig. 8 to fig. 10 in the embodiment shown, reinforcing insert (also with reinforcing insert/element) formed a number of bushing 17, the bushing is positioned in the hole 8 in, but also enhance the insert to form a radial support element 21, the radial support component and a wheel axis of rotation of the coaxial alignment. These enhanced embedded part generally consists of a compared with the insertion piece 2 of the main body part and the plastic material used for with high mechanical property of the material. Insert can be enhanced by the scoop or aluminum (and/or its alloy) such as metal, steel or ceramic material (such as CMC) or other type of polymer is made. Reinforced insert can be at least partially covered with such as glass fiber reinforced plastic and electrically insulating material, such as aluminum to prevent the insert and the carbon fiber reinforced plastic between adjacent electrochemical corrosion phenomenon. Alternatively or in addition, can also be through the use of high-quality steel or other inert metal and/or glass fiber reinforced plastic insert 2 to avoid electrochemical corrosion. Such as in fig. 8 to fig. 10 can be seen in of, these bushing inserted through the insertion piece 2 of the surface of the plastic part of the outstanding, and can be used as the contact zone.

In the case of Figure 8 and Figure 10 can be seen in of, the bushing 17 form the external portion of the examples 20, the external examples such as from the outer side of the wheel (in the direction of negative x shaft) can be seen, and when the wheel is mounted to the vehicle can be used as the external to enhance the 3rd contact zone 15.

As in fig. 9 can be seen in of, the bushing 17 in the inner side of the insert to form the inner portion of the examples 19, the internal examples from the inner side of the wheel (in the direction of the shaft is x) can see, and can be used as such as the bolt or screw 2nd contact zone 14.

Such as in fig. 8 to fig. 10 can be seen in of the, radial supporting element 21 in a radial direction to the central opening 7 in the middle of the projecting lug forming radial contact zone 24, the radial contact zone can be used as such as the 1st contact zone of the hub 10.

In the case of Figure 12 and Figure 13 can be seen in the, in the implementation of the invention is shown in the mode, the radial support element 21 has based on the ring structure 39 of the flat ring shape. As shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown in, this ring 39 the outer circumference includes a plurality of basic semicircular peripheral engagement recess 23, each peripheral engagement recess can receive a bushing 17, as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11. All the outer periphery of the engagement recess 23 can have an inner radius R1. Alternatively, there can be provided with at least two different internal radius of the at least two types of joint recess 23 (not shown in the Figure). In a preferred case, ring 39 can also include its outer circumference of the additional gap 40. The ring 39 of the inner circumference, the radial support element 21 comprises a extends in the radial direction of the leg 38. Inserted in the inserting member 2 in, these leg 38 in at least some of the central opening 7 and part of the extends out of the insertion piece 2 in order to form the radial contact surface 24, the radial contact zone can be used as the 1st contact zone 10. In addition, the radial support element 21 also includes a plurality of located in the leg 38 in mutually locking hole 22, these mutually locking hole help reducing the radial support element 21 at the same time strengthen the whole weight of the insertion piece 2 of the integrity of the structure.

In the case of Figure 10 and Figure 11 and Figure 14 and Figure 15 can be seen in of, the present invention in the embodiment shown, the bushing 17 has a substantially cylindrical shape. As shown in Figure 15 shown in, each bushing comprises an outer rectangular ring groove 18, and in the axial direction (in the axial direction x) is internal to enhance the on 19 and external to enhance the 20 limit. External to enhance the 20 can comprises a conical and/or plane of the annular portion. The rectangular ring groove can have the outer radius R2, the outer radius equal to the radial support element 21 the joint in the recess 23 of the inner radius R1. Alternatively, also has corresponding to two different types of joint recess 23 of the two different types of inner radius of the at least two different types of the outer radius.

In one embodiment (not shown in the Figure), the insertion piece may include a one-piece insert element, the one-piece insert element can be composed of for example metal, ceramic, fiber-reinforced ceramic or other composite material.

In as shown in Figure 16 to Figure 21 as shown in the embodiments of the present invention in, the wheel 1 comprises an operation is connected to the wheel 1 of the protective cover 25. As shown in Figure 16 shown in, protective cover 25 can be installed in the wheel 1 on the outside. However, according to the present invention, the protective cover 25 can also be arranged on the wheel 1 the inner side or on both sides. In as shown in Figure 16 to Figure 19 as shown in the of the present invention in one embodiment, the protective cover 25 can be covers on the wheel 1 the majority of the outer surface of the substructure. Specifically, the protective cover 25 may substantially cover the tire cover circle 5, the spoke structure 3 and the hub area, in order to make the under the wheel of these components are not re-self-positive direction (negative x axis direction). Therefore, these components from by for example because the roadside stone contact of the hand and injury or damage. The protective cover according to the present invention 25 of in one embodiment, the protective cover 25 may include a cover spoke 27 and cover the opening 28, cover spoke 27 and cover the opening 28 allows to change the wheel spoke wheel 1 design. As shown in Figure 19 can be seen in of, according to the invention protective cover 25 can include one or a plurality of adapters 26 device in order to make the protective cover is connected to the operation under the wheel 1 of the structure. This kind of operation is connected with the can for example through for example cling and/or clamping mechanism and/or the snap-fit mechanism to obtain.

Adhesive film can be for example warm sensitive rubber, when it is heated to a maximum temperature above, the temperature-sensitive adhesive exhibits reduced adhesion strength, it allows the from the wheel 1 dismantling the protective cover 25.

According to the present invention the adhesion film can also be used with the protective cover 25 and/or the wheel 1 of the color of the different colors. If for example the protective cover 25 and the wheel 1 is substantially black if the two, then the adhesive film can be dye such as yellow or red. Replacement or additional, adhesive film can also have fluorescent properties, therefore, for example only when is has not in the visible spectrum of the light of a specific wavelength light turns on to radiate the visible light. It can be easy to detect the leading to adhesive film exposed protective cover 25 damage.

The protective cover 25 can also include air-guiding element 34, the air-guiding element increases the opening through the cover 28 of the airflow, and thus to enhance the cooling of the vehicle braking system. Replacement of or the other of the, air-guiding element 34 can be increased through the cover opening 28 of the air flow to increase the negative lift of the vehicle. Replacement of or the other of the, air-guiding element 34 can be specifically designed for a certain type of vehicle in order to optimize the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle, such as the total drag force, and the flow field around the negative drift. Therefore, for example cost-effective production of different types of automobile in the aerodynamics optimized in terms of different type of wheel is possible.

As shown in Figure 20 and Figure 21 shown in, according to the invention protective cover 25 can also have the shape of the endless belt, only covers the outside of the wheel rim.

Fig. 22 to fig. 24 shown in the multi-layer protective cover 25 of the embodiment of the shop folds the body of non-limiting example. All layer parallel to the plane of the u/v, the u/v plane substantially orthogonal to the protective cover 25 of the local surface normal (w). In the protective cover according to the present invention in one embodiment, as shown in Figure 22 in visible, spreading the laminated body can be composed of four different functional layers. Each of these functional layer itself can be composed of a multi-layer. The top-most layer is a coating layer 29, the coating layer can be a transparent coating or other finish. The protective cover according to the present invention 25 in this embodiment, the lower layer of the adjacent (in the direction of negative w shaft) is decorative layer 30, the decorative layer can be for example is embedded in the transparent substrate of the carbon fiber fabric or can also be and replacing it with a metal foil or plywood. Then the lower can be the shock dissipating layer 31, the shock-absorbing layer absorbs the energy of the impact rather than transferring it to the lower. Therefore can be used such as hard foam or gathers fragrant amide fiber Figure 22 as shown in the bottom layer is the most the shop folds the body carrier structure 32, the carrier structure increases the stability of the structure of the whole the shop folds the body. The carrier structure 32 can be for example a multi-layer of carbon fiber reinforced plastic. Figure 23 shown in the protective cover according to the present invention 25 of another possible the shop folds the body. The protective cover 25 in this embodiment, there is no separate buffer layer 31. Instead, the carrier structure 32 can include at least one layer of shock-absorbing aromatic polyamide fiber.

In order to instruct the protective cover 25 and/or the wheel 1 of the damage, protective cover 25 and/or the wheel 1 can include an inner layer, the inner layer in the color different from the clamp pieces, thus acting as the colors of the damage. This layer can be from such as such as polymerization foil made of homogeneous material, or it can be containing color with the upper cladding fiber different fiber composite. With respect to a comprises a carbon fiber fabric made from the top-most layer of the protective cover 25 and/or the wheel 1 for example, the damage of the indicating layer can include aromatic polyamide fiber Or by for example carbon fiber and made of aromatic polyamide fiber mixed fabric. For according to the invention protective cover 25 and/or the wheel 1 of the the shop folds the body can also include at least one additional of the colors of the damage, the damage to the indicating layer is located below and the colors of the 1st damage. The at least one additional performance can be different from the colors of the 1st overlying of the damage. Similarly, the at least one additional layer can be for example coloring or isotropic foil having a color different from the color of the slip of the fibers of the fabric. Alternatively or in addition, the damage to the indication layer can also include such a fiber, the fiber is not able to light in the visible spectrum with other fiber optical transmissions, but when a particular wavelength of light is illuminated will display fluorescent. Therefore, this unit for indicating the replacement of or additional damage can be used from the technical personnel in the field of more in-depth evaluation of the damage.

Of the present invention in one embodiment, as shown in Figure 24 shown in, by folding the the shop folds the body to construct the wheel 1 of the edge (for example in the tire tube circle 6, tire cover circle 5 or the insert 2 at the boundary area), thereby forming a rolling dimensional boundary. In fig. 24 in, folding the entire layered material to construct tire cover circle 5, so as to form a U-shaped bead, it can be open or closed. In fig. 24 shown in the embodiments of the present invention in, folding of the laminated material extends to the wheel felloe pitfall, and is used for forming the at least one wheel felloe pitfall embryo circle 33.

In the embodiments of the present invention in, rim 4 can include enhanced anti-wear layer, the anti-wear layer to an underlying material from the mounting of the tire when the mechanical damage.

According to the wheel of the invention 1 can also be included in the prefabricated formed in the process of at least one layer. The material layer of the prefabricated may be included in the deep drawing of the tool in the heating and/or deep drawing, extrusion tool in the extrusion, in the injection molding tool of the injection molding, and/or in the blow molding of the tool in the blow molding. As shown in Figure 25 can be seen in the, wheel 1 can include a plurality of prefabricated layer, such as the wheel 1 on the outside of the prefabricated outer layer 35, the wheel 1 on the inboard side of the inner layer of the preform 36 and wheel felloe pitfall place prefabricated radial direction level 37. These prefabricated layer can be made from different materials, and can have different thickness. The wheel 1 may also include a fault detection system, the fault detection system for example may include monitoring the pressure inside the tire component. Therefore, the invention in one embodiment, the direct measurement of tire pressure or tire pressure variation of the sensor unit is attached to the rim of the finish. Alternatively or in addition, an optional component can monitor the tire tube circle of the wheel 6 and/or tire cover circle 5 and/or spoke structure 3 of the integrity of the structure. This kind of monitoring component may include at least one ring is embedded in tire tube circle 6 and/or tire cover circle 5 and/or spoke structure 3 in the optical fiber, the optical fibers will be subjected to mechanical damage when the light loss of the alteration. Alternatively or in addition, according to the present invention, the use of the electrical conductor is also feasible. In the monitoring system of this embodiment, by means of the conductivity to detect a change in mechanical damage. Such electrical conductor can also include strain gauge element.

For failure detection such as an optical fiber or electrical conductor such as prefabricated in the structure of the device can be embedded, in the resin transfer molding process, the device can be in the overlaping during fiber is placed in the mold.

Alternatively or in addition, can utilize the information provided by the sensor in an indirect way to monitor the tire pressure and the structural integrity of the wheel of the two, the sensor can be belongs to the electronic stability control system (ESC) and/or the anti-lock brake system (ABS). The use of signal processing technology, analysis of the rotational frequency of the changes of the wheel, and the signal pattern recognition recognizes that a wheel or tire of the particular type of damage is characteristic for the change of the rotation of a wheel.

Alternatively or in addition, the wheel 1 can include at least one embedded in the rim 4 and/or spoke structure 3 and/or the insert 2 in the additional optical fiber or electrical conductor, the additional optical fiber or electrical conductor is not the daily monitoring used but by this technology in the field of use of the technical personnel for more complex damage assessment and the fault location. This additional optical fiber and electrical conductor can be in the end of the wheel felloe pitfall place stretch out the wheel surface, therefore only after the tire is removed before they can access.

The Figure mark

1 wheel

2 insert

3 spoke structure

4 rim

5 tire cover circle

6 tire tube circle

7 central opening

8 fastening hole

9 fiber reinforced plastic material

10 1st contact zone

11 bridge

12 ring (fiber reinforced material)

13 spoke

14 2nd contact zone (internal)

15 3rd contact zone (external)

16 wing (for force distribution)

17 bushing

18 annular groove

19 internal to enhance the

20 external to enhance the

21 radial support element

22 mutually lock hole

23 engaging notch

24 radial contact zone

25 protective cover

26 adapter

27 cover spoke

28 cover opening

29 coating (paint)

30 decorative layer

31 damping layer

32 carrier

33 wheel felloe pitfall embryo circle

34 air-guiding element

35 prefabricated outer

36 prefabricated inner layer

37 prefabricated radial layer

38 leg

39 ring

40 gap