INSTALLATION COMBINEE OF TREATMENT OF PRODUCTS BY CRUSHING, SHREDDING OR COMPACTION

The present invention relates to the field of treatment of materials of any origin, in particular shredding using crushers or hammer mills, or the like and relates to a combined installation for treating products by grinding, by shredding or by compaction.

Recovery of metal products from objects out of use, in particular for motor vehicles, by means of crushers or grinders, is usually done by introducing the objects in a hammer mill, via an insertion ramp roadhog provided with a drum. The mill tearing and shredding the material entering, by interacting with one or more anvils, and ejects and/or discharges through the mechanical screening walls waste obtained having a gauge determined. These waste products are then treated to elimination of materials unsuitable for reuse and remaining materials according to their metallurgical characteristics.

The hammer mills known in the art, which the hammers are generally mounted on a rotor consisting of a disk assembly are éclipsables and in the rotor make, generally, correct milling products according to a predetermined density.

However, these mills known are often in units of large, capable of performing daily yield very important and are, however, suitable only to processing centers sized accordingly.

As a result, installations for the economic advantages of such a size, they must necessarily be reduced-number to cover an area large supply. However, if the same size of such crushing equipment allows a reduction in their number, it necessarily requires conveying paths to cause relatively large for the material to be crushed to the facilities.

Furthermore, the existing crushing equipment are extremely inefficient, in that the drive of the the grinding rotors requires very high-powered engines. Indeed, because the rotors are large and extend across the entire width of the feed chutes, these rotors tend to draw onto the material to be ground so that there is a risk of blockages resulting in a heavy demand instantaneous power.

It has also been proposed, in order to downsize, perform vertical mills, where the rotor is located vertically in a shredding chamber, which is supplied from above. However, in such mills, the above drawbacks remain, due that the control of the power supply can not be provided, and that there are peaks very high instantaneous power.

Furthermore, in the case of treatment of waste of a large length, it is present, with these mills, even if they are of very high capacity and power, a risk of jamming due to the effect of its own drive and to said products are monolithic, as, for example, bars or plates large. To treat the products of long and wide width, it is required to install mills with very long rotors.

An alternative consists in carrying out a treatment of such products, to enable a more even power and without any risk of blockage mills. Such pretreatment is performed in facilities downstream of the crushing site, the products are first cut and then transported to said crushing site. As a result the implementation of complex and expensive means, and significant congestion of the installation, may be incompatible with a decentralized processing smaller in volume.

It has also been proposed to implement pre-crushing or pre-shredder which allow a reduction in dimensional and fractionation objects and materials is, to increase the density for transportation, storage, or burying, or processing in mills, crushers or drawbenches further compact and whose supply opening has a smaller cross section.

The pre-crushing or pre-shredding art are, however, also large and high power, being generally constituted by one or more rotors slowly rotating, rotating in the same direction or opposite direction.

The rotors shred the material by interaction of the tools and equipping the speed of rotation of the rotors may be the same or different of a rotor to the other. The shafts of the rotors are driven by electric or hydraulic motors, either directly, or through reducers.

Furthermore, the shredder tools are mounted, generally by welding, on the drive shaft a large cross-section, and are therefore not interchangeable. The drive of these shafts, which are mounted at their ends in rolling bearings of large cross-section, which are supported on the side walls of the shredder, is performed by restriction assemblies and motors, which are attached laterally on either side of the housing of the machines or their feed chute.

The mounting of the the large, in other words reducing and engines, outside these machines results in a considerable space thereof, incompatible to a treatment plant for small capacity, which is to, in essence, be movable to be optionally used on different sites.

Furthermore, the motors implemented are most often hydraulic motors, which are slow, very heavy and freely mounted on the ends of the shafts, or electric or hydraulic motors connected to said shafts through reducers or reducers conventional planetary and, in any case, the drive shafts must be supported by bearings provided with rings or rolling, the driving members or transmission is not carriers and bearing on the ends of these shafts or affixed to a frame or walls of the machine.

The charge of hammer mill or crushers is generally performed by the way of a feed in the form of a chute or insertion ramp inclined towards the feed opening of the crusher or crusher, shredder or the like.

The devices, as ramps or chutes known, can respond adequately to the problem of proper feed mills, crushers, shredders or the like. However, they are most often arranged at a higher level, in other words the region of the feed opening, substantially corresponding to the top of the mill or crusher and thus several meters from ground, so that their loading is relatively difficult and requires the use of heavy and expensive handling means.

Some crushing or crushers are provided with ramps or chutes mobile, although, more easy, by being at the horizontal. However, these ramps or chutes a very well above the floor, thereby preventing any implementation of hardware currents.

Furthermore, these mills are known generally in units of greater or lesser size, based on their daily efficiency and have a device for driving the rotor in direct engagement with the latter or via a set of pulleys transmission and belt or gear and chain, single speed or frequency variator, optionally with the interposition of a hydraulic coupler for promoting start and to protect the mechanical and electrical parts during overload or locking.

It has been proposed to perform driving the rotor through hydraulic motors slow, in direct engagement with the shaft of the rotor or by hydraulic motors coupled to said fast shaft of the rotor through shaft. Such devices are, however, suitable only limited to powers.

Furthermore, the extraction of the rotor for maintenance work is extremely difficult, if not impossible without dismantling a substantial portion of the machine and implementation of a lifting machine high power, such as a crane, resulting in, on the one hand, the additional disadvantage of having to provide for a sufficiently large floor space and, on the other hand, costs corresponding procedures very high.

Finally, during the grinding, the inert waste, which are constituted by synthetic products, wipes, glass, wood... often are mixed and intermingled with ferrous and non-ferrous metals and after their ejection the different products engage each other making their separation difficult. Sorting of the products is generally carried out by means of vibrating screens or devices-stage, which only deliver calibrated products, without taking into account their construction, in other words synthetic products and other inerts and ferrous or non-ferrous metal. To said devices are associated with magnetic drum or magnetic mat which extends parallel to and above of the conveyors, and optionally ventilation means and suction.

The sorting devices are known generally adequately respond to all needs in the art. However, they are very complex and cumbersome and high production costs, often incompatible with implementation of processing units of reduced width and less powerful. Furthermore, the casings of the magnetic drum are very thin and very sensitive to impact and forests magnetic separation are often subject to tear.

To alleviate these drawbacks by providing a combined system for treating products by grinding, by shredding or by compaction, for complete processing of products out of use, i.e. their complete reduction in breis and selective sorting thereof at a single site and without intermediate conveyor, in a low profile, with a reduced power consumption and without requiring additional transport.

To this end, the combined installation for treating products by grinding, by shredding or by compaction is essentially constituted by a rotor mill, by a means for powering said mill, whose longitudinal axis is in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the mill, by at least one peripheral means pre-treatment products entering the crusher and/or by at least one peripheral means of further processing and crushed by a device for driving the rotor of the mill.

The invention will be more preferably, by the description below, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which:

figure 1 is a perspective view of an installation according to the invention;

figure 2 is a view in side elevation and cross-section, to larger scale, the mill of the installation with the drive device of the rotor and the transmission means;

figure 3 is a cross-sectional view, to larger scale, of the transmission means;

figure 4 is a view in side elevation of a mill provided with extractor device of the rotor, in the service position of the rotor, the milling chamber being open;

figure 5 is a view similar to that of Figure 4 representing the rotor extract, in the service position;

figure 6 is a perspective view of the pulverizer equipped with a perimeter means pre-treatment of products in the form of a compaction device and pre-shearing;

figure 7 is a view in front elevation and in cross section at right shears, of another embodiment of the device according to Figure 6;

figure 8 is a view similar to that of Figure 7, representing the mill into open position;

figure 9 is a perspective view of a perimeter means pre-treatment of products in the form of a pre-crusher or pre-shredder;

figure 10 is a partial view in plan and cross-section representing a first embodiment of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder;

figure 11 is a view similar to that of Figure 10 of an alternative embodiment of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder;

figures 12 and 13 are views similar to those of Figures 10 and 11 other alternative embodiments of the pre-grinder or pre-cutter according to the invention;

figure 14 is a view in side elevation of an alternative embodiment of the pre-grinder or pre-cutter according to Figure 9;

figure 15 is a view similar to that of Figure 14 of another embodiment of the invention;

figure 16 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a mobile supply means;

figure 17 is a schematic view in side elevation representing a modified form of the connection between the side arms and the bucket;

figure 18 is a view similar to that of Figure 17 another variant of the connection between the side arms and the bucket, and

figure 19 is a schematic view in elevation and cross-sectional a pulverizer equipped with a perimeter means of further processing of the crushed products as a sorting device.

Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents, example, a the combined installation for treating products by grinding, by shredding or by compaction, which is essentially constituted by a rotor mill 1, by a supply means 2 of a mill 1, whose longitudinal axis is in the plane of the longitudinal axis of the mill 1, by at least one peripheral means 3 pre-treatment products entering the crusher and/or by at least one peripheral means of further processing and crushed by a device 4 for driving the rotor of the mill 1.

The supply means 2 can be of any type, in other words chute, bucket, mat, hopper. In the embodiment in accordance with Figure 1, two variants are represented, in other words a chute 2' and a bucket 2".

The device 4 for driving the mill rotor 1 has a transmitting means 5 and at least one drive motor 6, and at least one energy distribution means 7. The means 7 is advantageously connected to peripheral means 3 pre-treatment products entering the crusher 1 or to means for further processing thereof. Finally, the installation assembly can be mounted on a single chassis mounting 8.

As shown in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings, the transmission means 5 of the device 4 for driving the mill rotor 1, which is connected to at least one drive motor 6, is in the form of a transmission comprising a ring gear 9 in direct engagement with the shaft of the mill rotor 1, the at least one drive motor 6 being fixed on the gearbox and engaged with the ring gear 9 via gears corresponding drive 10, said transmitting means 5 having, further, or one or more ports 11, 11' to access its interior for attaching one or more hydraulic pumps Annexes forming energy distribution means 7 (Figure 2), these hydraulic pumps each being provided with a drive pinion meshing with the ring gear of the gearbox, or being directly engaged each with a drive motor 6, or through shafts out of the means 5, the drive connection for such hydraulic pumps. The ports 11' access to the interior space of the gearbox forming the transmission means 5 are thus advantageously each coaxial to the axis of a drive motor 6 and the pumps forming energy distribution means 7, therein, may then be directly engaged with said drive axis of the corresponding motor.

As shown in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings, the transmission means 5 of the device 4 for driving the rotor of the mill 1 is preferably provided with a longitudinal passage 5', parallel to its longitudinal axis and to the axis of the mill rotor 1, the passage being in the extension of a supporting axis of the hammer said rotor and being intended for the passage of a extractor such axis. Therefore, it is possible to perform disassembly of the hammermill of the rotor without using a complex device handling, by having the means for extracting the side of the drive, i.e. motors 6.

The drive motors 6 are advantageously hydraulic or electric motors, to single rotational direction or reversible or heat engines. However, in the case of performing a mobile installation, these motors may also be heat engines. In the case of implementing electric or hydraulic motors, thereof have the advantage of permitting a continuous change in the power according to the needs, by implementing a electric variator in connection with electric motors or by action to supply pressure, when using hydraulic motors, the latter allowing, further, absorb shock during overload or locking without the need for intermediate fluid couplers.

In the case of implementing electrical motors 6, the drive gear 10 of each motor is advantageously connected to the drive shaft by means of a coupler ball 12 (Figure 3) or of a hydraulic coupler. A coupler ball is adapted to provide, as well as a hydraulic coupler, shock absorption during overload or locking thus being able to avoid risk of damage to the electric drive motor.

Furthermore, in the use of such electric motors, thereof can be equipped with electronic variators for starting, not only to vary the rotation rate of the mill, but also increase the torque of about 1.5 times its nominal value, if necessary additional power point.

The ports 11 or 11' access to the interior of the transmission means 5, for attaching one or more hydraulic pumps Annexes driven by the ring gear 9 of the gear box, or directly by the motors 6, make possible the drive of associated devices, such as the peripheral means 3, from a single power source is supplied to the motors 6, by means of independent motors in driving engagement with the peripheral means 3, via hydraulic pumps, forming energy distribution means 7, driven by the ring gear 9 of the gearbox or directly by the motors 6 in direct engagement with the hydraulic pumps. As a result, the drive power of the mill rotor 1 may be changed as a function of the load experienced by the latter.

Therefore, in the case of normal operation, a portion of the power provided on the ring gear 9 of the gearbox can be transmitted to the or the hydraulic pumps supplying the motors drive peripheral means 3.

Upon the occurrence of an overload on the mill rotor 1, said hydraulic pumps can be slowed, disconnected or short-circuited engines that it drives, so that a maximum power or that all the power provided by the engine or engines 6 becomes available for driving the rotor.

To realize the control of the distribution of the available power based on the load of the rotor, the device 4 for driving the rotor of the mill 1 is preferably provided with an automatic control device managed by a control software. Such plants are known in the art and do not require complementary detailed description. Therefore, it is possible to operate several machines simultaneously, for example a mill and a perimeter means 3. Indeed, this control takes into account all the operating parameters, for continuously output correction signals of several operating modes of machines of the installation and optimal use of the installed power is designed to be almost permanently, so that the efficiency of the installation may be very close to maximum capabilities thereof. Furthermore, when implementing electrical drive motor 6, the power consumption may be kept very linear, so that the tips large intensities are avoided.

The transmission means 5 may, further, be provided with an auxiliary engine low power hydraulic or electric, meshing with the ring gear 9 via a pinion. Such auxiliary engine can in particular be provided for driving the rotor, during maintenance work.

The prediction such a drive in combination with electric motors, and more particularly to hydraulic motors, allows a substantial reduction of the footprint of the drive assembly, to the end of the rotor, and thus a corresponding reduction of the overall height of the entire mill.

Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the footprint of such a mill or crusher while suppressing wear and stresses voltage usually present with the known transmission means, such as pinion and chains or pulleys and belts and the at least one hydraulic pump for the power supply of the motors can be arranged at a distance therefrom, so that the footprints can be further limited.

The rotor advantageously has a diameter useful work, i.e. corresponding to the deployment of the tools, which is substantially equal, either of the width of the chute forming the supply means 2, or the width of the perimeter means 3 pre-treatment products.

According to another feature of the invention and as seen in Figures 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings, the granulator housing 1, which provided with bars of thickening and lower grate, may advantageously be formed by two half-shells 13 mounted on the frame 16 of the mill 1, pivotally under the action of hydraulic cylinders 14.

Therefore, after separating the half-shells constituting the housing 13, in the position shown to the accompanying drawings, the mill rotor 1 becomes perfectly accessible, so that maintenance is greatly facilitated. The mill rotor 1 is driven via the transmission means 5 connected to the rotor shaft disconnectably, without total dismantling of the base frame of the crusher 1 and is mounted at each end in a bearing 17 of the frame 16.

To further facilitate more maintenance, in particular the rotor, the mill 1 is provided with a device 15 extraction of the rotor.

To this end, as seen in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings, the device 15 extraction of the rotor is mounting means pivoting the ends of the rotor 16 on the frame of the mill 1, which are, for each rotor end, preferably, in the form of a support 18 of the bearing 17, 17 connected to said bearing and mounted in an articulated manner, by means of a pivot pin 19 to the frame of the mill 1, crusher or the like, the support 18 being connected, at a distance from the pivot axis 19, to the rod of a cylinder 20.

Therefore, it is possible, after opening of the crusher housing by pivoting the half-shells 13 defining the, disengage, in a first time, the rotor, and then actuation of the ram 20 effect a pivot to the rotor about the pivot axis 19 of the support 18, so as to bring it from its working position shown in Figure 4 to an extraction position shown in Figure 5.

Of course, prior to the opening of the half-shells, the at least one drive motor or transmission means, connected on the rotor shaft, will be switched off in order to allow the subsequent tilting of the rotor in its extraction position. Such disconnection of the rotor shaft and the engine driver or or transmission means 5 will be advantageously made, in a known manner, by providing a connection between said motors or transmission means and the rotor shaft a key or spline, for assembly and disassembly by simple longitudinal sliding. Therefore, it is possible to intervene quickly and simply on the rotor of the mill or crusher or in the grinding enclosure, by providing handling said rotor without operation by external means and without the need for long and expensive disassembly operation.

According to a variant embodiment of the invention, not shown to the accompanying drawings, each bearing support 17 of the rotor can be directly pivotally mounted about a hinge axis, on the base frame of the crusher 1, crusher or the like and be actuated directly by a jack 20. Pivoting in the position of extraction is carried out, in such a case, most identical to that described in relation of the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5.

According to a feature of the invention, the support bearing 17 or 18 of the bearing 17 is preferably provided with a locking means in the operating position (not shown), which may be in the form of a mechanical lock cylinder actuated, mounted on the base frame of the crusher 1, crusher or the like. It is also possible to perform such a lock by implementing an actuator of self-locking type. Therefore, when extraction of the rotor is to be performed, it is necessary to perform a sequence of operations consisting of a first unlocking the operating position, and then pivotally driving rotor. Of course, these operations will be advantageously accomplished automatically, i.e. that the control of the extraction will automatically incur a first unlocking the rotation of the rotor.

Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings represents a perimeter means 3 pre-treatment of products in the form of a device for compacting and pre-shearing comprising at least one compacting means and supply 39, upstream of a cropping machine 36, above the supply means 2 and which is connected directly, by the output of the shearing machine 36, to the mill 1, whose longitudinal axis extends in extension of the axis of the supply means 2 and which is provided with a supply mouth lies in the continuation of the outlet of the shearing machine 36. Therefore, it is possible to directly power the mill 1 using the previously made and densified sheared and the sheared products directly by gravity, or under the effect of the thrust exerted by products entering the shearing machine 36, in the mill 1 for final shredding.

To this end, as shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings, the beat diameter of the hammers or mobile or fixed cutters of the mill rotor 1 is substantially equal to the width of the cut of the machine and shearing 36 to the width of the supply means 2.

Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings represent one embodiment, wherein the gauge grid on the mill 1 is advantageously obliquely arranged laterally and pivotally mounted on a grinding chamber with the bars of densification 40 or lower grate arranged in the granulator housing 1, and thus forms an ejection door of imbroyables. Furthermore, to promote maintenance of the mill, the mill casing 1 comprising the bars 40 densification or lower grate is advantageously formed by two half-shells 13 mounted on the bearings constituting the base frame of the crusher 1 pivotally under the action of hydraulic cylinders 14. Therefore, after separating the half-shells constituting the housing, in the position shown to the accompanying drawings, the mill rotor 1 becomes perfectly accessible, so that maintenance is greatly facilitated.

The compaction means and supply 39 may advantageously be in the form of a crushing member extending above the supply means 2, remote therefrom and mounted on slides (not shown) arranged laterally to the supply means 2 (Figure 6) or between articulated arms, the runners or the jointed arms are driven by hydraulic cylinders, not shown. The roadhog forming the compacting means and supply 39 may be in the shape of a roll reciprocated reversible rotation which can be overwritten but also control and meter the feed of the shearing machine 36. Therefore, the products to be cut off by the shearing machine 36 are crushed and densified, prior to their input to said shearing machine 36.

The shearing machine 36 is advantageously in the form of a improvements, of which the counter-fixed blade extends in the continuity of the bottom of the supply means 2 and on the same plane with, the movable slide of the improvements being equipped with a knife and being actuated via cylinders 42. The feed-in opening of the improvements is determined as a function of the thickness of the layer of material being fed to the shears, roadhog downstream of the roller forming the compacting means and 39 supply and feeding the shear. Therefore, roadhog the roller forming the compacting means and supply 39 can, not only permit adjustment of the feed rate of the shears, but also determine the length of the products drawn from said cutter. This can be easily performed by driving the engine for driving said roller roadhog.

In a known manner, the supply means 2 is, preferably, inclined to facilitate the supply of the shears by gravity. However, according to a variant embodiment of the invention and as shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings, the supply means 2 can be subdivided into a fixed part fastened to the frame 360 of the shearing machine 36 and a moving part, hingedly mounted on said frame and 360 can be rotationally actuated by means of an actuator 43. Such part shifting mobile carry out feeding of the materials to be compacted and shearing, to a lower height and, preferably, on a horizontal plane.

After loading products to be charged as supply means 2, said products are directed to the machine 36, by gravity or by drive via the roller compaction roadhog means and supply 39. If the supply means 2 includes a movable portion hingedly mounted on the frame 360 of the shearing machine 36, the loading will take place on the movable part, advantageously tilted to the horizontal. Furthermore, the movable part is tilted, via the cylinder 43, in terms of its extension of the fixed part and the products will be moved, by gravity or by means of the roller roadhog, in the direction of the shearing machine 36.

The compaction means and supply 39 then perform a densification products which are located on the supply means 2, the order for them between the knife assembly and counter-blades 36 of the shearing machine. The latter then performs a Portioning at predetermined lengths entering products.

The determination of the product length to be debited may be performed by taking into account of the rotation of the roll roadhog or by implementing adjustable position sensors or a retractable stop, the attainment of that length automatically triggering a stop of the compacting means and supply 39, followed by actuation of the link block carrying the knife, by way of the cylinders 42. Roadhog The rotation of the roller forming the compacting means and supply 39 is arranged to automatically reduce the height of crushed product compacted and directed to the shearing machine 36, then that the position sensors or the adjustable stop determine the length of product to be dispensed.

In the embodiment according to Figure 6, it can be mounted the retractable stop for determining the length of the sheared products directly between the shearing machine 36 and the mill 1, preferably on the power input of said mill 1.

According to a variant embodiment of the invention and as shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings, the shearing machine 36 may be provided, further, a sub-slider 361 extending, in the rest position, at the bottom of the supply means 2 and bar and connected to the slide carrying the cutter via side rails 362 guided in the uprights of the shearing machine 36.

361 Such a slide moves therefore parallel to the knife, during a cycle shearing and, at the end of said cycle, it returns to its initial position by feeding the products sheared flush with the means 2, thereby they are released. Furthermore, a device comprising such a slide 361 is particularly adapted to implementation with a mill according the feed inlet is at the same level as the supply means 2.

The shearing machine 36 may also be provided, on its side facing the roller roadhog forming the compacting means and supply 39, holding means 44 and crushing crushed products prior and ready to be debited, the means 44 having a width slightly smaller than that of the supply means 2, being guided in movement against the corresponding surface of the shearing machine 36 and being actuated in by way of at least one jack 45. Therefore, shearing the products having penetrated into the shearing machine 36 are always maintained and crushed against the counter-blade during the process of shearing.

Furthermore, the holding means 44 and crushing of the products can be provided in its lower portion with a drive means (not shown), in the form of wheels, preferably toothed, slightly exceeding under the lower edge. Therefore, the materials held by the means 44 can readily be moved to the machine 36, without ever risk of tipping over during shearing.

As shown in the Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings, the inlet side of the mill 1 may be provided with a crushing member 46 pivotally a cylinder (not shown). The roadhog 46 may be in the form of a drum roadhog (not shown) mounted on a rocking frame or in the form of a flap roadhog provided with toothed wheels or wheels with drive profiles. Roadhog The element 46 directs the material to be ground to the inlet of the mill 1. The prediction of one embodiment in the form of a drum roadhog optimizes the effect of forcing the material to the interior of the mill 1 and in particular of optimizing the gavage thereof.

Furthermore, the mill 1 may be provided, near its feed opening, of a grid of ejecting high 1111, which simultaneously form a ejection flap and which is connected by a wall 1112, preferably inclined, in said supply opening. 1112 The inclination of this wall increases the surface area of the ejection gate 1111 high and improve the capabilities of ejection of the mill 1. Furthermore, away from the wall 1112, the ejection gate high 1111 can be extended, in the direction of the feed opening, by an inclined wall 1113 forming a guide chute products pre-ground to the inlet of the mill 1. Furthermore, the inclined wall 1113 can be provided, on the side facing the rotor, of a upper anvil (not shown).

Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the invention, not shown to the accompanying drawings, the crushing member 46 can be integrated to a feed chute tilting or fixed, mounted laterally to the feed opening, on the side opposite to that carrying the grid high ejection 1111, and be fixedly mounted or hinged to the chute. Therefore, the crushing member 46 can, or contribute to an application of the products entering the crusher from above against the rotor thereof, or drive element and compaction products being conveyed by a side chute.

Figure 9 of the accompanying drawings represents a perimeter means 3 pre-treatment products entering the crusher, in the form of a pre-crusher or pre-shredder, consisting essentially of at least one set 53 drive with a hydraulic or electric drive and a reducer 54 and 55 by at least one chipping element 56, mounted on a frame 57, a supply means or other support, disposed above the grinder 1 and whose longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mill 1.

As a result, the mill rotor 1 may be of low length, in other words a reduced length, substantially equal to the width of the transverse opening of communication between the mill rotor 1 and the means 3.

According to the invention, the reducer 55 of the drive assembly 53 of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder form a fixing and supporting element of at least one chipping element 56, and is constituted by a fixed portion 55', attached directly to the frame 57 of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder or on a support or a wall thereof, and by a movable part 55 ", the chipping element 56 being on the moving piece 55" restrictor 55 by fitting, by clamping or by insertion, and being guided and supported at the chassis 57, 55 directly through the reduction of the drive assembly 53, that provides the functions of bearing and guiding rotation of the chipping element 56.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying drawings, the chipping element 56 is in the form of a tube having a large wall section or a solid shaft provided at least at one end with a flange 58 or a flange for fixing to a flange or a flange corresponding to the movable part 55" of the reducer 55. The chipping element 56 can in particular be in the form of a replaceable wear part.

Figures 12 and 13 represent a variant embodiment of the invention, wherein the chipping element 56 is a tube having a large wall section fitted at one end on the reducer 55. The chipping element 56 may also be in the form of a solid shaft provided at least at one end with a housing for engagement thereof on the reducer 55.

It is also possible to perform the chipping element 56 in the form of a tube having a large wall section or a solid shaft having, instead of the or flanges or end flanges or socket, a drive means (not shown) nested in a housing of complementary shape of the free end of the movable part 55" of the reducer corresponding 55. Such construction of the chipping element 56 allows removal thereof by simply removing the drive means out of the corresponding housing of the movable part 55".

It is also possible, according to another embodiment of the invention, when implementing of hydraulic drive motors, connect the fasteners directly to the comminuting elements 56, the variation of speed of these motors is realized using supply means thereof, thereby directly acting upon the dynamic characteristics of the or elements 56. The reducer 55 of the drive assembly 53 is a device known per se, comparable to mechanisms known as reducing translation, highly compact construction and for transmitting very high torques at low speeds, while ensuring a perfect adaptation speed to the reduction ratios.

The reducer 55 of the drive assembly 53, which consists essentially of a fixed portion 55 'and by a movable part 55", is advantageously fixed on the frame 57 of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder or on a wall or other part thereof via the fixed portion 55' , on which is mounted the motor 54 which can be electric or hydraulic-type. Such fastening the reduction gear 55 can be performed, a conventional manner, by means of bolts, pins, screws or the like. Therefore, the chipping element 56 and the drive assembly 53 may be mounted on the frame 57, a wall or another element of the machine without using a plain bearing or roller, the function of support bearings and guide being provided directly by the drive assembly 53 and in particular by the baffle 55, the chipping element 56 being, in fact, a simple interchangeable part requiring no specific mounting on rolling bearings and holding during change-out, prior to their connection to the reducer 55.

According to a feature of the invention, the movable part 55" of the reducer 55 is mounted cantilever on the frame 57 or wall or other, relative to the fixed portion 55' restrictor and forms a holder for securing the chipping element 56. In the case of implementing a large cross-section tube, said tube having a wall thickness sufficient to resist against stresses and is provided, either directly by welding, shredding tool 59, or through at least one flange 60 holder tool chipping tools fixed or movable and interchangeable can be changed as simple wear elements.

In the embodiment of Figures 11 and 13 of the accompanying drawings, the pre-crusher or pre-shredder is simply constructed by a set 53 of drive comprising a drive motor and a reducer 54 and 55 by a chipping element 56. In such a case, the set of shredding shredding operates in an enclosure, cantilevered relative to the frame 57 or a wall, simply by being supported by the baffle 55. It is likewise possible to accommodate, between the movable part 55" of the reducer 55 and the chipping element 56 a door assembly-milling tools or tearing in the form of flanges provided with tools fixed or mobile devices. Also, it is contemplated that mounting two of the pre-crushing or pre-shredder in juxtaposition, without that they are connected to each other, so that their operation may be entirely independent.

In the embodiment of Figures 10 and 12, the chipping element 56 is advantageously fixed on the movable part 55" of the reducer 55 and is provided at its opposite end a closing cover (not shown) or a connecting flange 61, fixed by screwing, by bolting or welding. The prediction a connecting flange 61 allows the juxtaposition of a chipping element 56 mounted on one side of a frame or a wall with a second chipping element 56 mounted on the opposite side of the frame or on the opposite wall, the free ends of each chipping element being then bonded together by bolting or by a form-fitting connection. Such a bolting to a standard assembly in the field of mechanics and simply used out bolts through two adjacent flanges 61 and thus is not described or represented in more detail. The same applies in a form-fitting connection which may be of the dog or the like.

In the embodiment according to Figure 12, the chipping element 56 is advantageously fixed on the movable part 55" of the reducer 55 by pins or screws 62 and is provided at its opposite end a closing cover (not shown) or a connecting flange 61, fixed by screwing, by bolting or welding.

The figure 11 and 13 of the accompanying drawings represent embodiments of the invention, in which the pre-crusher or pre-shredder drive 53 has two sets, arranged opposite each other on a frame 57 or on a support or a wall thereof, these drive assemblies 53 cooperating with a single chipping element 56 in the form of a tube of large cross-section or a solid shaft attached (Figure 11) or fitted (Figure 13) at its ends on the movable part 55" restrictors 55. This embodiment of the invention enables obtaining pre-crushing or pre-reducing the working width which is comparable to that of the pre-crushing or conventional pre-shredding, while being of a size and weight of a considerably lower cost and also significantly lower. In the embodiment according to Figure 11 of the accompanying drawings, the pre-crusher or pre-shredder drive 53 has two sets each provided with at least one chipping element 56, the driver assemblies and chipping element 56 being connected in parallel to cooperate by interpenetration of their tools or not

Furthermore, as shown in Figure 9 of the accompanying drawings, in order to improve the printability of the pre-grinder or pre-cutter, the latter may include a movable flap 63 pivotally mounted in or on said pre-crusher or pre-shredder and controlled to pivot via of at least one jack 65. The movable flap 63 can be provided with teeth 64 constituting obstacles between the tools of the chipping element 56.

Preferably, in the case of implementation of comminuting elements 56 mounted at both ends thereof on restrictors 55, of which the fixed parts 55 'are each fixed on a wall of the frame 57 of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder, a fixed portion 55' corresponding to one end of each chipping element 56 is mounted on the corresponding wall of the frame 57 by securing with a flange or ring, not shown, into a receptacle corresponding one of said corresponding wall of the frame 57 and held against rotation, while the fixed portion 55' assigned to the opposite end is advantageously secured directly with the corresponding wall, thereby ensuring the free expansion of the shaft of each chipping element 56.

Maintaining against rotation flanges or slide ring fixed rigidly to the fixed portion 55' is provided by means of keys (not shown) cooperating with corresponding longitudinal grooves provided in the bearings provided in the wall of the frame 57, as well as said flanges or slide ring, or also via reaction arm connecting said flanges or rings, each to a fixed point on said wall of the frame 57. Such a reaction arm, which consists of a connecting rod or the like connected at its ends, respectively, to the flange or ring and 57 corresponding to the frame or to a wall thereof, is of a type known per se and does not require complementary description. Therefore, a freedom of translation of the flange or of the sliding ring is permitted, its remaining rotation impossible.

The fixed portions 55' restrictors 55 may also be mounted on eccentric clips cooperating with reaction arm or the like. It is thus possible to vary the spacing between two elements 56.

Figure 14 of the accompanying drawings represents a variant embodiment of the invention, wherein the pre-crusher or pre-shredder comprises at least one chipping element 56 driven by a drive assembly 53, the chipping element 56 is mounted on the end of a frame 57 ', in the form of a pair of support arms, the other end of which is hinged to the chassis of a grinder or on a rail or the like through an axis 570' , the frame 57 'which is pivotable around the axis 570' via at least one jack 571'. Therefore, it is possible to vary the distance of the chipping element 56 with respect to a ramp or feed hopper, so that the prepulverization prédéchiquetage or may be more or less important, for example in dependence on the mechanical strength of the material to be crushed.

The prediction of a device according to Figure 14 and the resulting operation eliminate a flap or a feed roller or a roadhog of the products to be treated, resulting in a weight gain on the entire machine assembly, and a corresponding saving in cost.

The chipping element 56 provided to the pivotal end of the frame 57 'has the same effect as a blind or roadhog, in that it compresses the material against a wall preferably the manifold and, due to the pivoting movement of the frame 57' , it facilitates the advances the material to be treated to stationary backing tools or shredder 56 toward the other member.

According to another feature of the invention and as shown in Figure 15 of the accompanying drawings, the side walls of frame 57 'may advantageously be subdivided into two symmetrical parts 57 "preferably along the axis line or close to the line connecting the axes restrictors 55 and comminuting elements 56 and thus form at each of these axes of the bearing portions for receiving the fixed portions 55' said reducing 55, the two parts 57" of the frame 57' being interconnected, preferably at one of their ends, by a hinge pin 163 and which can be swiveled, preferably relative to one another about the axis 163, via at least one actuating cylinder 164. Thus is a mounting and removal of the sets 55-reducing element (s) 56 shredding, by simply twisting a portion 57" of the wall of the frame 57 'relative to each other, so that the stationary parts 55' restrictors 55 can be instantaneously held or disengaged.

Preferably, in such a case, the bearings 551 'stationary parts of 55' restrictors 55, and said fixed portions 55 'may advantageously exhibit non-circular cylindrical section, in other words oval or polygonal (Figure 15), such that the holding said fixed portions 55' restrictors 55 against rotation is provided automatically. As a result, the bearings can provide simultaneous movement of the fixed portions 55 ', due to the expansion of the elements 56 or shredding, restricting such expanding displacement of the fixed parts 55' being provided by providing on the latter, on either side of the frame side wall 57' corresponding insert a stopper (not shown).

According to another feature of the invention, also shown in Figure 15 of the accompanying drawings, it is possible to mount the fixed portions 55' restrictors 55 eccentrically in non-circular cylindrical bearing. Therefore, each chipping element 56 with its drive assembly 53 may be set in position in the frame 57 'by a simple rotation about the axis of mounting on the walls of the frame 57' , thereby produce movement of the comminuting elements 56 in the direction of closer together or further apart parallel to the bottom of the means of power supply or a chipping element adjacent 56.

Figure 16 of the accompanying drawings represents a mobile supply means 2 consisting of a bucket 2 ", pivotally mounted on one side of the base frame of the crusher 1, by means of arms 65 articulated on the base frame of the crusher 1, and rotationally actuated by at least one jack 66, articulated by its cap on said base frame of the crusher 1, or other medium, and by its piston rod on said body 2", close to its end facing the base frame of the crusher 1 or to the end of the arm 65 connected to the bucket 2".

The side of the bucket 2 ", forming the means movable feeder 2, facing the base frame of the crusher 1, is advantageously opened over the full height of the bucket 2" which is supported by the corresponding ends of its longitudinal edges against the corresponding face of the frame, which has a bending apparatus according to a radius corresponding to the radius of pivoting of the bucket 2" with respect to the axis of articulation of the arms 65, the ends of the longitudinal edges having a curvature equal to the bending.

Therefore, it is possible to realize a prior loading of the bucket 2 "being the means of mobile power supply 2, at a distance from the ground corresponding to the upper level of the sides of said body 2", and then lifting the latter by the action of the or of the actuating rams 66. A actuated causes a thrust on the end of the bucket 2 "facing the base frame of the crusher 1, causing pivot the bucket 2" around the joint axis of the arm 65. The body 2 "pivots gradually to an inclined position, while being moved upwardly to be drawn past the supply opening of the shredding chamber, so that at the end in front of said opening, the contents of the bucket 2" can be discharged by gravity into the latter.

According to a variant embodiment of the invention, shown in Figure 17 of the accompanying drawings, the arms 65, articulated on the base frame of the crusher 1, may be connected to the bucket 2 "forming the means mobile supply 2 via a joint 67 of the end of said arms 65 opposite the hinge on the frame, at least one jack 68, and preferably two cylinders 68, acting between bearings 69, provided on the arms 65, and 70 provided at the end of the bucket 2", the cylinders 66 for pivotally driving acting by their end on the bucket 2".

Preferably, the control of the cylinders or 68 is secured for driving the cylinders 66 providing pivotal movement of the arms 65, such that, during the upward pivoting of the arms 65, the bucket 2 "is maintained at an inclination towards the horizontal and that, upon completion of pivoting upper arms 65, the or said actuators 68 are controlled in the sense of a swing to the top of the bucket 2" to move it from a substantially horizontal position to a position substantially inclined in extension of the axis of the pivot arm 65.

Figure 18 of the accompanying drawings represents another embodiment of the invention, wherein the bucket 2 "is pivotally connected to the arm 65 via a hinge pin 71 offset behind the end of its longitudinal edges, the arms 65 are loaded by the rams 66 for pivotally driving, and the bucket 2" is provided, further, near its transverse end edge of the lower by at least one crossbar 72 intended to cooperate with hooks 73 provided near the lower portion of the supply opening of the shredding chamber.

In this embodiment, the bucket 2" is freely pivot about the axis of articulation and 71, when pivoting the upper arms 65 under the action of the rams 66, slides on the curved wall of the guide which is provided on the base frame of the crusher 1 until its transverse web 72 engages in the hooks 73 provided in the opening of the crusher housing. The, continuing upward pivoting of the arms 65, pivoting of the bucket 2" around the cross bar 72, to into a tilt position for unloading by gravity.

In Figure 16, the bucket 2" of the mobile supply means 2 is represented in a position close to the ground, in which its loading can be achieved very rapidly by implementing handling means and sophisticated low currents, unlike loading ramps known in the art. Of course, if the mill 1 is mounted on a frame, at a certain distance from the ground, the bucket 2" is intended to be applied on a frame at the same height but the advantages provided by the displaceability, according to the invention, remain.

Figure 19 of the accompanying drawings represents a perimeter means 3 for further processing of the crushed products as a sorting device arranged downstream of the grinder 1 and which consists of at least one separation device 74 milled products according to their nature and more receptacles or carriers 75 to 77 for collecting products sorted, said device comprising at least one rotating magnetic device, consisting of at least one rotatable disc 78 smooth or having a contoured surface, and by at least one magnetic field generator 79, disposed behind said disc relative to the products to be singulated.

The rotating disk 78 is directly driven by a motor or by a geared motor, or by a cardan drive or pulley and chain or belt, preferably with a means for the variation of speed, the same side of the disc 78 that the magnetic field generator 79, the disc 78 being a disk made of non-magnetic material, such as stainless steel or aluminum and the magnetic field generator 79 being fixed, behind a surface of the disk 78, on a fixed support.

The device rotating magnetic 74 may be formed of a plurality of disks 78 associated with magnetic field generators 79, these discs 78 are driven individually or synchronously. Furthermore, or the the discs 78 forming the rotating magnetic device 74 can be situated perpendicular, parallel or inclined relative to the plane of motion or output of the products to be singulated. Furthermore, in the case of implementation of several discs 78, thereof may be arranged in axial alignment or staggered and be parallel to each other or angularly oriented one to the other, thereby promote optimal sorting products to be separated.

The magnetic field generated on the disc 78 by the magnetic field generator 79, permits drive of the iron parts all the way corresponding to the space covered by the magnetic field generator 79, and then released, so that they are propelled more or less strongly as a function of the speed of rotation of the disc 78, which simultaneously serves as receiving screen and shock, and of their weight, in one or more collection receptacles 75, 76.

According to the speed of the disc 78, is made possible sorting density and ballistic, in other words that the products the heavier, the hook 78 to the disc in its region corresponding to the magnetic field generator 79, are ejected furthest from the disc 78, while the lighter products subsides to a closer distance. As a result, two-receiving receptacles iron parts arranged side by side may be implemented, the, 75, located farthest from the disc 78 receiving the heaviest products, while the lighter products therefrom into the receptacle closest 76.

The device 74 can be complemented by a device 80 dust suction and inert products the lighter, disposed between the running plane or product outlet to be separated and the rotating magnetic device 74. Therefore, sorting the ground product is further enhanced, a portion of the inert is automatically removed prior to any treatment by the device 74. Furthermore, the disc 78 may be provided on the entire surface thereof of small diameter perforations and behind the disc 78 may be mounted an air blowing means.

The device 74 is equipped, further, means 81 of sorting the non ferrous eddy current, this means 81 consisting essentially of a conveyor 82 moving at least over part of its length on a magnetron 83.

By implementing this means 83, non-ferrous metals, which are not retained by the disc 78, and the inert the heavier, hitting on the conveyor 82, are subjected to sorting by eddy current, in which, during progress of the conveyor, ferrous metals are subjected to repulsion by the magnetron 83. As a result, when passing over the magnetron 83, the non-ferrous metals are propelled above the conveyor 82 and 83 of the magnetron, such that under the kinetic effect, these non-ferrous products are discharged into a receiving receptacle 76, the inert being simply recovered by gravity in a further receiving receptacle.

Preferably, or disk 78 are advantageously positioned in front of the gates or the ejection and/or calibration of the mill 1, inclined relative to the latter, so that the non-ferrous products and the projected onto said inert or said discs 78 can easily be removed by gravity and discharged into a receptacle 76 or 77, or a collection conveyor.

It is also possible, according to a further feature of the invention, provide the sorting device above a conveyor belt arranged in front of the gates or the ejection and/or calibration of the mill 1, the magnetic device extending rotary then above the end of said conveyor opposite to that downstream of the grinder.

Furthermore, the frame 8 mounting of the installation may advantageously form a hydraulic fluid reservoir to hydraulic machines and/or fuel for possible implementation of heat engines.

Furthermore, as shown in Figure 1, the supply means 2 and peripheral means 3 pre-treatment may be based on a service room, which the roof is dual slope. Therefore, in particular the at least one motor 6, the transmission means 5, as well as other peripheral elements can be arranged from environmental pollution.

Finally, the mill is enclosed in an insulating chamber formed by at least two sound frame, hinged on either side of the mill, surrounding the latter and allowing access to the mill for the maintenance interventions or other, these hinged frame for their part may be equipped in the upper part, gateways circulation.

With the invention, it is possible to realize a combined installation for treating products by grinding, by shredding or by compaction, for complete processing of products out of use, i.e. their complete reduction in breis and selective sorting thereof at a single site and without intermediate conveyor, to save on space and a reduced power consumption.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown to the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without exiting to the protection domain of the invention.