BIOMASS COMPOSITIONS FOR INCREASING SWEETNESS OF FRUIT AND METHODS THEREFOR
This Application claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 62/584,311 entitled “BIOMASS COMPOSITIONS,” which was filed on Nov. 10, 2017 in the name of the Applicant and which is incorporated herein in full by reference. This Application also claims the benefit of Provisional Application No. 62/680,373 entitled “BIOMASS COMPOSITIONS,” which was filed on Jun. 4, 2018 in the name of the Applicant and which is incorporated herein in full by reference. The present invention generally relates to agriculture and, more specifically, to biomass compositions and methods for increasing sweetness in fruits of fruiting plants. The growth of a plant is a complex physiological process involving inputs and pathways in the roots, shoots, and leaves. Whether at a commercial or home garden scale, growers are constantly striving to optimize the yield and quality of plants, which may include the sweetness of fruits from fruiting plants. This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key factors or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Embodiments of the invention relate to a composition for enhancing at least one plant characteristic. The composition can include a microalgae biomass that includes at least one species of microalgae. The composition can include a microalgae biomass that includes at least two species of microalgae. The composition can cause synergistic enhancement of at least one plant characteristic. In some embodiments, the microalgae species can include In some embodiments, the microalgae biomass can include whole biomass and/or residual biomass. Whole biomass includes substantially all components and fractions of the cells from which the whole biomass is derived. Residual or extracted biomass can be any remaining biomass after extraction and/or removal of one or more components of a whole biomass. In some embodiments, the composition can include one species of microalgae. In some embodiments, the composition can include a first species of microalgae and a second species of microalgae. The ratio of the first species of microalgae and the second species of microalgae can be between about 25:75, 50:50, or 75:25. In some embodiments, the first species of microalgae may be Some embodiments of the invention relate to a method of plant enhancement comprising administering to a plant, seedling, seed, or soil the composition treatment, wherein the composition treatment enhances at least one plant characteristic. In some embodiments, the composition is applied when the plant is under salt stress conditions, temperature stress conditions, and/or the like. Embodiments of the invention relate to a method of plant enhancement comprising administering a composition treatment comprising at least one microalgae species to soil. The administering can be by soil drench at the time of seeding. The method can include growing the plant to a transplant stage. The method can include transferring the plant at the transplant stage from an initial container to a larger container or a field, or the like. In some embodiments the plant at the transplant stage has at least one enhanced plant characteristic. The enhanced plant characteristic can be improved root density, improved root area, enhanced plant vigor, enhanced plant growth rate, enhanced plant maturation, and/or enhanced shoot development. After the transfer, the plant may have at least one enhanced plant characteristic. The composition treatment can include at least one microalgae species such as In some of the embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be applied to the soil of the fruiting plant by drenching the soil initially at the time of transplant and then subsequently every two weeks (once every 14 days) after transplant until harvest. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method of increasing sweetness of fruit of a fruiting plant is disclosed. The method comprises the step of administering to the fruiting plant a liquid composition treatment comprising a culture of microalgae, the microalgae comprising at least one of pasteurized In another embodiment of the present invention, a method of increasing sweetness of fruit of a fruiting plant is disclosed. The method comprises the step of administering to the fruiting plant, seedling, seed a liquid composition treatment comprising a culture of microalgae, the microalgae comprising at least one of pasteurized In another embodiment of the present invention, a method of increasing sweetness of fruit of a fruiting plant is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: providing a liquid composition treatment comprising a culture of microalgae, the microalgae comprising at least one of pasteurized To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the following description and annexed drawings set forth certain illustrative aspects and implementations. These are indicative of but a few of the various ways in which one or more aspects may be employed. Other aspects, advantages and novel features of the disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the annexed drawings. The present application is further detailed with respect to the following drawings. These figures are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, but rather, illustrate certain attributes thereof. The description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of presently preferred embodiments of the disclosure and is not intended to represent the only forms in which the present disclosure may be constructed and/or utilized. The description sets forth the functions and the sequence of steps for constructing and operating the disclosure in connection with the illustrated embodiments. It is to be understood, however, that the same or equivalent functions and sequences may be accomplished by different embodiments that are also intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Many plants can benefit from the application of liquid compositions that provide a bio-stimulatory effect. Non-limiting examples of plant families that can benefit from such compositions include plants from the following: Solanaceae, Fabaceae (Leguminosae), Poaceae, Roasaceae, Vitaceae, Brassicaeae (Cruciferae), Caricaceae, Malvaceae, Sapindaceae, Anacardiaceae, Rutaceae, Moraceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Pedaliaceae, Asteraceae (Compositae), Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), Araliaceae, Oleaceae, Ericaceae, Actinidaceae, Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae, Theaceae, Lecythidaceae, Rubiaceae, Papveraceae, Illiciaceae Grossulariaceae, Myrtaceae, Juglandaceae, Bertulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asparagaceae (Liliaceae), Alliaceae (Liliceae), Bromeliaceae, Zingieraceae, Muscaceae, Areaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Myristicaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, Piperaceae, Proteaceae, and Cannabaceae. The Solanaceae plant family includes a large number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, and ornamentals in its over 2,500 species. Taxonomically classified in the Plantae kingdom, Tracheobionta (subkingdom), Spermatophyta (superdivision), Magnoliophyta (division), Manoliopsida (class), Asteridae (subclass), and Solanales (order), the Solanaceae family includes, but is not limited to, potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants, various peppers, tobacco, and petunias. Plants in the Solanaceae can be found on all the continents, excluding Antarctica, and thus have a widespread importance in agriculture across the globe. The Rosaceae plant family includes flowering plants, herbs, shrubs, and trees. Taxonomically classified in the Plantae kingdom, Tracheobionta (subkingdom), Spermatophyta (superdivision), Magnoliophyta (division), Magnoliopsida (class), Rosidae (subclass), and Rosales (order), the Rosaceae family includes, but is not limited to, almond, apple, apricot, blackberry, cherry, nectarine, peach, plum, raspberry, strawberry, and quince. The Fabaceae plant family (also known as the Leguminosae) comprises the third largest plant family with over 18,000 species, including a number of important agricultural and food plants. Taxonomically classified in the Plantae kingdom, Tracheobionta (subkingdom), Spermatophyta (superdivision), Magnoliophyta (division), Manoliopsida (class), Rosidae (subclass), and Fabales (order), the Fabaceae family includes, but is not limited to, soybeans, beans, green beans, peas, chickpeas, alfalfa, peanuts, sweet peas, carob, and liquorice. Plants in the Fabaceae family can range in size and type, including but not limited to, trees, small annual herbs, shrubs, and vines, and typically develop legumes. Plants in the Fabaceae family can be found on all the continents, excluding Antarctica, and thus have a widespread importance in agriculture across the globe. Besides food, plants in the Fabaceae family can be used to produce natural gums, dyes, and ornamentals. The Poaceae plant family supplies food, building materials, and feedstock for fuel processing. Taxonomically classified in the Plantae kingdom, Tracheobionta (subkingdom), Spermatophyta (superdivision), Magnoliophyta (division), Liliopsida (class), Commelinidae (subclass), and Cyperales (order), the Poaceae family includes, but is not limited to, flowering plants, grasses, and cereal crops such as barely, corn, lemongrass, millet, oat, rye, rice, wheat, sugarcane, and sorghum. Types of turf grass found in Arizona include, but are not limited to, hybrid Bermuda grasses (e.g., 328 tifgrn, 419 tifway, tif sport). The Vitaceae plant family includes flowering plants and vines. Taxonomically classified in the Plantae kingdom, Tracheobionta (subkingdom), Spermatophyta (superdivision), Magnoliophyta (division), Magnoliopsida (class), Rosidae (subclass), and Rhammales (order), the Vitaceae family includes, but is not limited to, grapes. Particularly important in the production of fruit from plants is the beginning stage of growth where the plant emerges and matures into establishment. A method of treating a seed, seedling, or plant to directly improve the germination, emergence, and maturation of the plant; or to indirectly enhance the microbial soil community surrounding the seed or seedling is therefore valuable starting the plant on the path to marketable production. The standard typically used for assessing emergence is the achievement of the hypocotyl stage, where a stem is visibly protruding from the soil. The standard typically used for assessing maturation is the achievement of the cotyledon stage, where two leaves visibly form on the emerged stem. Some botanists view the beginning of maturation as starting at when the first true leaf emerges beyond the cotyledon stage, as the cotyledons are already pre-formed in the seed prior to germination. Some botanists see maturation as a long phase that proceeds until full reproductive potential has been achieved. Important in the production of fruit from plants is the yield and quality of fruit, which can be quantified as the number, weight, color, firmness, ripeness, sweetness, moisture, degree of insect infestation, degree of disease or rot, degree of sunburn of the fruit. A method of treating a plant to directly improve the characteristics of the plant, or to indirectly enhance the chlorophyll level of the plant for photosynthetic capabilities and health of the plant's leaves, roots, and shoot to enable robust production of fruit is therefore valuable in increasing the efficiency of marketable production. Marketable and unmarketable designations can apply to both the plant and fruit, and can be defined differently based on the end use of the product, such as but not limited to, fresh market produce and processing for inclusion as an ingredient in a composition. The marketable determination can assess such qualities as, but not limited to, color, insect damage, blossom end rot, softness, and sunburn. The term “total production” can incorporate both marketable and unmarketable plants and fruit. The ratio of marketable plants or fruit to unmarketable plants or fruit can be referred to as “utilization” and expressed as a percentage. The utilization can be used as an indicator of the efficiency of the agricultural process as it shows the successful production of marketable plants or fruit, which will be obtain the highest financial return for the grower, whereas total production will not provide such an indication. To achieve such improvements in emergence, maturation, and yield of plants, a method to treat such seeds and plants, and soil with a low-concentration microalgae-based composition, in a dried or liquid solution form was developed. Microalgae can be grown in heterotrophic, mixotrophic, and phototrophic conditions. Culturing microalgae in heterotrophic conditions comprises supplying organic carbon (e.g., acetic acid, acetate, glucose) to cells in an aqueous culture medium comprising trace metals and nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus). Culturing microalgae in mixotrophic conditions comprises supplying light and organic carbon (e.g., acetic acid, acetate, glucose) to cells in an aqueous culture medium comprising trace metals and nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus). Culturing microalgae in phototrophic conditions comprises supplying light and inorganic carbon (e.g., carbon dioxide) to cells in an aqueous culture medium comprising trace metals and nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus). In some embodiments, the microalgae cells can be harvested from a culture and used as whole cells in a liquid composition for application to seeds and plants, while in other embodiments the harvested microalgae cells can be subjected to downstream processing and the resulting biomass or extract can be used in a dried composition (e.g., powder, pellet) or a liquid composition (e.g., suspension, solution) for application to plants, soil, or a combination thereof. Non-limiting examples of downstream processing comprise: drying the cells, lysing the cells, and subjecting the harvested cells to a solvent or supercritical carbon dioxide extraction process to isolate an oil or protein. In some embodiments, the extracted (i.e., residual) biomass remaining from an extraction process can be used alone or in combination with other microalgae or extracts in a liquid composition for application to plants, soil, or a combination thereof. By subjecting the microalgae to an extraction process the resulting biomass is transformed from a natural whole state to a lysed condition where the cell is missing a significant amount of the natural components, thus differentiating the extracted microalgae biomass from that which is found in nature. Excreted products from the microalgae can also be isolated from a microalgae culture using downstream processing methods. In some embodiments, microalgae can be the predominant active ingredient source in the composition. In some embodiments, the microalgae population of the composition can include whole biomass, substantially extracted biomass, excreted products (e.g., EPS), extracted protein, or extracted oil. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 99% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 95% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 90% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 80% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 70% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 60% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 50% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 40% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 30% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 20% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 10% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 5% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, microalgae include at least 1% of the active ingredient sources of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition lacks any detectable amount of any other active ingredient source other than microalgae. In some embodiments, microalgae biomass, excreted products, or extracts can also be mixed with biomass or extracts from other plants, microalgae, macroalgae, seaweeds, and kelp. In some embodiments, microalgae biomass, excreted products, or extracts can also be mixed with fish oil. Non-limiting examples of other plants, macroalgae, seaweeds, and kelp fractions that can be combined with microalgae cells can include species of The term “microalgae” refers to microscopic single cell organisms such as microalgae, cyanobacteria, algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, freshwater organisms, marine organisms, or other similar single cell organisms capable of growth in phototrophic, mixotrophic, or heterotrophic culture conditions. In some embodiments, microalgae biomass, excreted product, or extracts can also be sourced from multiple types of microalgae, to make a composition that is beneficial when applied to plants or soil. Non-limiting examples of microalgae that can be used in the compositions and methods of the present invention include microalgae in the classes: Eustigmatophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Haptophyceae, Cyanidiophyceae, Prymnesiophyceae, Porphyridiophyceae, Labyrinthulomycetes, Trebouxiophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Cyanophyceae. The class Cyanidiophyceae includes species of Non-limiting examples of microalgae genus and species that can be used in the compositions and methods of the present invention include: Analysis of the DNA sequence of the strain of Additionally, taxonomic classification has also been in flux for organisms in the genus By artificially controlling aspects of the microalgae culturing process such as the organic carbon feed (e.g., acetic acid, acetate), oxygen levels, pH, and light, the culturing process differs from the culturing process that microalgae experiences in nature. In addition to controlling various aspects of the culturing process, intervention by human operators or automated systems occurs during the non-axenic mixotrophic culturing of microalgae through contamination control methods to prevent the microalgae from being overrun and outcompeted by contaminating organisms (e.g., fungi, bacteria). Contamination control methods for microalgae cultures are known in the art and such suitable contamination control methods for non-axenic mixotrophic microalgae cultures are disclosed in W02014/074769A2 (Ganuza, et al.), hereby incorporated by reference. By intervening in the microalgae culturing process, the impact of the contaminating microorganisms can be mitigated by suppressing the proliferation of containing organism populations and the effect on the microalgal cells (e.g., lysing, infection, death, clumping). Thus, through artificial control of aspects of the culturing process and intervening in the culturing process with contamination control methods, the microalgae culture produced as a whole and used in the described inventive compositions differs from the culture that results from a microalgae culturing process that occurs in nature. During the mixotrophic culturing process the microalgae culture can also include cell debris and compounds excreted from the microalgae cells into the culture medium. The output of the microalgae mixotrophic culturing process provides the active ingredient for composition that is applied to plants for improving yield and quality without separate addition to or supplementation of the composition with other active ingredients not found in the mixotrophic microalgae whole cells and accompanying culture medium from the mixotrophic culturing process such as, but not limited to: microalgae extracts, macroalgae, macroalgae extracts, liquid fertilizers, granular fertilizers, mineral complexes (e.g., calcium, sodium, zinc, manganese, cobalt, silicon), fungi, bacteria, nematodes, protozoa, digestate solids, chemicals (e.g., ethanolamine, borax, boric acid), humic acid, nitrogen and nitrogen derivatives, phosphorus rock, pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, enzymes, plant fiber (e.g., coconut fiber). In some embodiments, the microalgae can be previously frozen and thawed before inclusion in the liquid composition. In some embodiments, the microalgae may not have been subjected to a previous freezing or thawing process. In some embodiments, the microalgae whole cells have not been subjected to a drying process. The cell walls of the microalgae of the composition have not been lysed or disrupted, and the microalgae cells have not been subjected to an extraction process or process that pulverizes the cells. The microalgae whole cells are not subjected to a purification process for isolating the microalgae whole cells from the accompanying constituents of the culturing process (e.g., trace nutrients, residual organic carbon, bacteria, cell debris, cell excretions), and thus the whole output from the microalgae culturing process comprising whole microalgae cells, culture medium, cell excretions, cell debris, bacteria, residual organic carbon, and trace nutrients, is used in the liquid composition for application to plants. In some embodiments, the microalgae whole cells and the accompanying constituents of the culturing process are concentrated in the composition. In some embodiments, the microalgae whole cells and the accompanying constituents of the culturing process are diluted in the composition to a low concentration. The microalgae whole cells of the composition are not fossilized. In some embodiments, the microalgae whole cells are not maintained in a viable state in the composition for continued growth after the method of using the composition in a soil or foliar application. In some embodiments, the microalgae base composition can be biologically inactive after the composition is prepared. In some embodiments, the microalgae base composition can be substantially biologically inactive after the composition is prepared. In some embodiments, the microalgae base composition can increase in biological activity after the prepared composition is exposed to air. In some embodiments, a liquid composition can include low concentrations of bacteria contributing to the solids percentage of the composition in addition to the microalgae cells. Examples of bacteria found in non-axenic mixotrophic conditions can be found in W02014/074769A2 (Ganuza, et al.), hereby incorporated by reference. A live bacteria count can be determined using methods known in the art such as plate counts, plates counts using Petrifilm available from 3M (St. Paul, Minn.), spectrophotometric (turbidimetric) measurements, visual comparison of turbidity with a known standard, direct cell counts under a microscope, cell mass determination, and measurement of cellular activity. Live bacteria counts in a non-axenic mixotrophic microalgae culture can range from I04to I09CFU/mL, and can depend on contamination control measures taken during the culturing of the microalgae. The level of bacteria in the composition can be determined by an aerobic plate count which quantifies aerobic colony forming units (CFU) in a designated volume. In some embodiments, the composition includes an aerobic plate count of 40,000-400,000 CFU/mL. In some embodiments, the composition includes an aerobic plate count of 40,000-100,000 CFU/mL. In some embodiments, the composition includes an aerobic plate count of 100,000-200,000 CFU/mL. In some embodiments, the composition includes an aerobic plate count of 200,000-300,000 CFU/mL. In some embodiments, the composition includes an aerobic plate count of 300,000-400,000 CFU/mL. In some embodiments, the microalgae based composition can be supplemented with a supplemental nutrient such as nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium to increase the levels within the composition to at least 1% of the total composition (i.e., addition of N, P, or K to increase levels at least 1-0-0, 0-1-0, 0-0-1, or combinations thereof). In some embodiments, the microalgae composition can be supplemented with nutrients such as, but not limited to, calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, chlorine, sodium, aluminum, vanadium, nickel, cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, promethium, samarium, scandium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, and yttrium. In some embodiments, the supplemented nutrient is not uptaken, chelated, or absorbed by the microalgae. In some embodiments, the concentration of the supplemental nutrient can include 1-50 g per 100 g of the composition. A liquid composition comprising microalgae can be stabilized by heating and cooling in a pasteurization process. As shown in the Examples, the inventors found that the active ingredients of the microalgae based composition maintained effectiveness in at least one characteristic of a plant after being subjected to the heating and cooling of a pasteurization process. In other embodiments, liquid compositions with whole cells or processed cells (e.g., dried, lysed, extracted) of microalgae cells may not need to be stabilized by pasteurization. For example, microalgae cells that have been processed, such as by drying, lysing, and extraction, or extracts can include such low levels of bacteria that a liquid composition can remain stable without being subjected to the heating and cooling of a pasteurization process. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated to a temperature in the range of 50-130° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated to a temperature in the range of 55-65° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated to a temperature in the range of 58-62° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated to a temperature in the range of 50-60° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated to a temperature in the range of 60-90° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated to a temperature in the range of 70-80° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated to a temperature in the range of 100-150° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated to a temperature in the range of 120-130° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated for a time period in the range of 1-150 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated for a time period in the range of 110-130 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated for a time period in the range of 90-100 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated for a time period in the range of 100-110 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated for a time period in the range of 110-120 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated for a time period in the range of 120-130 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated for a time period in the range of 130-140 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition can be heated for a time period in the range of 140-150 minutes. In some embodiments, the composition is heated for less than 15 min. In some embodiments, the composition is heated for less than 2 min. After the step of heating or subjecting the liquid composition to high temperatures is complete, the compositions can be cooled at any rate to a temperature that is safe to work with. In one non-limiting embodiment, the composition can be cooled to a temperature in the range of 35-45° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be cooled to a temperature in the range of 36-44° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be cooled to a temperature in the range of 37-43° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be cooled to a temperature in the range of 38-42° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be cooled to a temperature in the range of 39-41° C. In further embodiments, the pasteurization process can be part of a continuous production process that also involves packaging, and thus the liquid composition can be packaged (e.g., bottled) directly after the heating or high temperature stage without a cooling step. In some embodiments, the composition can include 5-30% solids by weight of microalgae cells (i.e., 5-30 g of microalgae cells/100 mL of the liquid composition). In some embodiments, the composition can include 5-20% solids by weight of microalgae cells. In some embodiments, the composition can include 5-15% solids by weight of microalgae cells. In some embodiments, the composition can include 5-10% solids by weight of microalgae cells. In some embodiments, the composition can include 10-20% solids by weight of microalgae cells. In some embodiments, the composition can include 10-20% solids by weight of microalgae cells. In some embodiments, the composition can include 20-30% solids by weight of microalgae cells. In some embodiments, further dilution of the microalgae cells percent solids by weight can occur before application for low concentration applications of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 1% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts (i.e., less than 1 g of microalgae derived product/100 mL of the liquid composition). In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.9% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.8% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.7% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.6% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.5% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.4% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.3% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.2% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.1% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include at least 0.0001% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include at least 0.001% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include at least 0.01% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include at least 0.1% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.0001-1% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.0001-0.001% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.001-0.01% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.01-0.1% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.1-1% by weight of microalgae biomass or extracts. In some embodiments, an application concentration of 0.1% of microalgae biomass or extract equates to 0.04 g of microalgae biomass or extract in 40 mL of a composition. While the desired application concentration to a plant can be 0.1% of microalgae biomass or extract, the composition can be packaged as a 10% concentration (0.4 mL in 40 mL of a composition). Thus, a desired application concentration of 0.1% would require 6,000 mL of the 10% microalgae biomass or extract in the 100 gallons of water applied to the assumption of 15,000 plants in an acre, which is equivalent to an application rate of about 1.585 gallons per acre. In some embodiments, a desired application concentration of 0.01% of microalgae biomass or extract using a 10% concentration composition equates to an application rate of about 0.159 gallons per acre. In some embodiments, a desired application concentration of 0.001% of microalgae biomass or extract using a 10% concentration composition equates to an application rate of about 0.016 gallons per acre. In some embodiments, a desired application concentration of 0.0001% of microalgae biomass or extract using a 10% concentration composition equates to an application rate of about 0.002 gallons per acre. In another non-limiting embodiment, correlating the application of the microalgae biomass or extract on a per plant basis using the assumption of 15,000 plants per acre, the composition application rate of 1 gallon per acre is equal to about 0.25 mL per plant=0.025 g per plant=25 mg of microalgae biomass or extract per plant. The water requirement assumption of 100 gallons per acre is equal to about 35 mL of water per plant. Therefore, 0.025 g of microalgae biomass or extract in 35 mL of water is equal to about 0.071 g of microalgae biomass or extract per 100 mL of composition equates to about a 0.07% application concentration. In some embodiments, the microalgae biomass or extract based composition can be applied at a rate in a range as low as about 0.001-10 gallons per acre, or as high as up to 150 gallons per acre. In some of the embodiments and Examples below, the applications were performed using a 10% solids solution by weight microalgae composition. For greenhouse trials, the rates vary and essentially refer to how much volume of the 10% solids solution was added in a given volume of water (e.g. 9 ml/gal-150 ml/gal). For field trials, the rates are indicated in gal/acre and the amount of carrier water would be determined according to user preference. For field trials, the application rate may range between 0.25 gal/acre-2 gal/acre. For example, in the greenhouse trial where the application rate is 9 ml/gal, the microalgae composition would contain 0.95 g of microalgae/gal and where the application rate is 150 ml/gal, the microalgae composition would contain 15 g of microalgae/gal. In the field trials, where the application rate of the microalgae composition is 0.25 gal/acre, the equivalent expressed in total grams of solid microalgae would be 100 g microalgae/acre; where the application rate of the microalgae composition is 0.5 gal/acre, the equivalent expressed in total grams of solid microalgae would be 200 g microalgae/acre; where the application rate of the microalgae composition is 1.0 gal/acre, the equivalent expressed in total grams of solid microalgae would be 400 g microalgae/acre; and where the application rate of the microalgae composition is 2.0 gal/acre, the equivalent expressed in total grams of solid microalgae would be 800 g microalgae/acre. Overall, as shown in the embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may comprise between 0.95 g-15 g of microalgae per gallon, as it is common practice for growers to use between 100-250 gallons of liquid carrier volume/acre. It should be clearly understood, however, that modifications to the amount of microalgae per gallon may be adjusted upwardly or downwardly to compensate for greater than 250 gallons of liquid carrier volume/acre or less than 100 gallons of liquid carrier volume/acre. In some embodiments, stabilizing means that are not active regarding the improvement of plant germination, emergence, maturation, quality, and yield, but instead aid in stabilizing the composition can be added to prevent the proliferation of unwanted microorganisms (e.g., yeast, mold) and prolong shelf life. Such inactive but stabilizing means can include an acid, such as but not limited to phosphoric acid or citric acid, and a yeast and mold inhibitor, such as but not limited to potassium sorbate. In some embodiments, the stabilizing means are suitable for plants and do not inhibit the growth or health of the plant. In the alternative, the stabilizing means can contribute to nutritional properties of the liquid composition, such as but not limited to, the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, or potassium. In some embodiments, the composition can include between 0.5-1.5% phosphoric acid. In other embodiments, the composition may comprise less than 0.5% phosphoric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.01-0.3% phosphoric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.05-0.25% phosphoric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.01-0.1% phosphoric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.1-0.2% phosphoric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.2-0.3% phosphoric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.3% citric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 1.0-2.0% citric acid. In other embodiments, the composition can include 0.01-0.3% citric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.05-0.25% citric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.01-0.1% citric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.1-0.2% citric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.2-0.3% citric acid. In some embodiments, the composition can include less than 0.5% potassium sorbate. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.01-0.5% potassium sorbate. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.05-0.4% potassium sorbate. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.01-0.1% potassium sorbate. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.1-0.2% potassium sorbate. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.2-0.3% potassium sorbate. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.3-0.4% potassium sorbate. In some embodiments, the composition can include 0.4-0.5% potassium sorbate. The present invention involves the use of a microalgae composition. Microalgae compositions, methods of preparing liquid microalgae compositions, and methods of applying the microalgae compositions to plants are disclosed in WO2017/218896A1 (Shinde et al.) entitled Microalgae-Based Composition, and Methods of its Preparation and Application to Plants, which is incorporated herein in full by reference. In one or more embodiments, the microalgae composition may comprise approximately 10%40.5% w/w of In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be referred to as PHYCOTERRA®. The PHYCOTERRA® In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be an OMRI certified microalgae composition referred to as TERRENE®. The OMRI certified TERRENE® In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be an OMRI certified microalgae composition referred to as OMRI certified TERRENE® In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be an OMRI certified microalgae composition referred to as OMRI certified TERRENE® In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be referred to as In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be referred to as In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be referred to as In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be referred to as a combination 25% In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be referred to as GP2C. The GP2C In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be referred to as a combination 25% In some embodiments and Examples below, the microalgae composition may be referred to as a Greenwater Polyculture (GWP) treatment. Greenwater Polyculture may be prepared by beginning with a culture of In some embodiments, the composition is a liquid and substantially includes of water. In some embodiments, the composition can include 70-99% water. In some embodiments, the composition can include 85-95% water. In some embodiments, the composition can include 70-75% water. In some embodiments, the composition can include 75-80% water. In some embodiments, the composition can include 80-85% water. In some embodiments, the composition can include 85-90% water. In some embodiments, the composition can include 90-95% water. In some embodiments, the composition can include 95-99% water. The liquid nature and high-water content of the composition facilitates administration of the composition in a variety of manners, such as but not limit to: flowing through an irrigation system, flowing through an above ground drip irrigation system, flowing through a buried drip irrigation system, flowing through a central pivot irrigation system, sprayers, sprinklers, and water cans. In some embodiments, the liquid composition can be used immediately after formulation, or can be stored in containers for later use. In some embodiments, the composition can be stored out of direct sunlight. In some embodiments, the composition can be refrigerated. In some embodiments, the composition can be stored at 1-10° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be stored at 1-3° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be stored at 3-50° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be stored at 5-8° C. In some embodiments, the composition can be stored at 8-10° C. In some embodiments, administration of the liquid composition to soil, a seed or plant can be in an amount effective to produce an enhanced characteristic in plants compared to a substantially identical population of untreated seeds or plants. Such enhanced characteristics can include accelerated seed germination, accelerated seedling emergence, improved seedling emergence, improved leaf formation, accelerated leaf formation, improved plant maturation, accelerated plant maturation, increased plant yield, increased plant growth, increased plant quality, increased plant health, increased fruit yield, increased fruit sweetness, increased fruit growth, and increased fruit quality. Non-limiting examples of such enhanced characteristics can include accelerated achievement of the hypocotyl stage, accelerated protrusion of a stem from the soil, accelerated achievement of the cotyledon stage, accelerated leaf formation, increased marketable plant weight, increased marketable plant yield, increased marketable fruit weight, increased production plant weight, increased production fruit weight, increased utilization (indicator of efficiency in the agricultural process based on ratio of marketable fruit to unmarketable fruit), increased chlorophyll content (indicator of plant health), increased plant weight (indicator of plant health), increased root weight (indicator of plant health), increased shoot weight (indicator of plant health), increased plant height, increased thatch height, increased resistance to salt stress, increased plant resistance to heat stress (temperature stress), increased plant resistance to heavy metal stress, increased plant resistance to drought, increased plant resistance to disease, improved color, reduced insect damage, reduced blossom end rot, and reduced sun burn. Such enhanced characteristics can occur individually in a plant, or in combinations of multiple enhanced characteristics. In some embodiments, a liquid composition can be administered before the seed is planted. In some embodiments, a liquid composition can be administered at the time the seed is planted. In some embodiments, a liquid composition can be applied by dip treatment of the roots. In some embodiments, a liquid composition can be administered to plants that have emerged from the ground. In some embodiments, a liquid or dried composition can be applied to the soil before, during, or after the planting of a seed. In some embodiments a liquid or dried composition can be applied to the soil before or after a plant emerges from the soil. In some embodiments, the volume or mass of the microalgae based composition applied to a seed, seedling, or plant may not increase or decrease during the growth cycle of the plant (i.e., the amount of the microalgae composition applied to the plant will not change as the plant grows larger). In some embodiments, the volume or mass of the microalgae based composition applied to a seed, seedling, or plant can increase during the growth cycle of the plant (i.e., applied on a mass or volume per plant mass basis to provide more of the microalgae composition as the plant grows larger). In some embodiments, the volume or mass of the microalgae based composition applied to a seed, seedling, or plant can decrease during the growth cycle of the plant (i.e., applied on a mass or volume per plant mass basis to provide more of the microalgae composition as the plant grows larger). In one non-limiting embodiment, the administration of the composition may comprise contacting the foliage of the plant with an effective amount of the composition. In some embodiments, the liquid composition may be sprayed on the foliage by a hand sprayer, a sprayer on an agriculture implement, or a sprinkler. In some embodiments, the composition can be applied to the soil. The rate of application of the composition at the desired concentration can be expressed as a volume per area. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application can comprise a rate in the range of 10-50 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application can comprise a rate in the rage of 10-15 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application can comprise a rate in the range of 15-20 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application can comprise a rate in the range of 20-25 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application can comprise a rate in the range of 25-30 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application can comprise a rate in the range of 30-35 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application can comprise a rate in the range of 35-40 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application can comprise a rate in the range of 40-45 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application can comprise a rate in the range of 45-50 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil or foliar application can comprise a rate in the range of 0.01-10 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate can be 0.12-4%. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application may comprise a rate in the range of 0.01-0.1 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil or foliar application may comprise a rate in the range of 0.1-1.0 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application may comprise a rate in the range of 0.25-2 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application may comprise a rate in the range of 1-2 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application may comprise a rate in the range of 2-3 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application may comprise a rate in the range of 3-4 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application may comprise a rate in the range of 4-5 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a foliar application may comprise a rate in the range of 5-10 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the v/v ratio of the composition can be between 0.001%-50%. The v/v ratio can be between 0.01-25%. The v/v ratio of the composition can be between 0.03-10%. The frequency of the application of the composition can be expressed as the number of applications per period of time (e.g., two applications per month), or by the period of time between applications (e.g., one application every 21 days). In some embodiments, the plant can be contacted by the composition in a foliar application every 3-28 days. In some embodiments, the plant can be contacted by the composition in a foliar application every 4-10 days. In some embodiments, the plant can be contacted by the composition in a foliar application every 18-24 days. In some embodiments, the plant can be contacted by the composition in a foliar application every 3-7 days. In some embodiments, the plant can be contacted by the composition in a foliar application every 7-14 days. In some embodiments, the plant can be contacted by the composition in a foliar application every 14-21 days. In some embodiments, the plant can be contacted by the composition in a foliar application every 21-28 days. In some embodiments, the soil or plant can be treated with the composition once per planting. In some embodiments, the soil or plant can be treated with the composition one time every cutting/harvest. Foliar application(s) of the composition generally begin after the plant has become established, but can begin before establishment, at defined time period after planting, or at a defined time period after emergence form the soil in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the plant can be first contacted by the composition in a foliar application 5-14 days after the plant emerges from the soil. In some embodiments, the plant can be first contacted by the composition in a foliar application 5-7 days after the plant emerges from the soil. In some embodiments, the plant can be first contacted by the composition in a foliar application 7-10 days after the plant emerges from the soil. In some embodiments, the plant can be first contacted by the composition in a foliar application 10-12 days after the plant emerges from the soil. In some embodiments, the plant can be first contacted by the composition in a foliar application 12-14 days after the plant emerges from the soil. In another non-limiting embodiment, the administration of the composition can include contacting the soil in the immediate vicinity of the planted seed with an effective amount of the composition. In some embodiments, the liquid composition can be supplied to the soil by injection into a low volume irrigation system, such as but not limited to a drip irrigation system supplying water beneath the soil through perforated conduits or at the soil level by fluid conduits hanging above the ground or protruding from the ground. In some embodiments, the liquid composition can be supplied to the soil by a soil drench method wherein the liquid composition is poured on the soil. The composition can be diluted to a lower concentration for an effective amount in a soil application by mixing a volume of the composition in a volume of water. The percent solids of microalgae sourced components resulting in the diluted composition can be calculated by the multiplying the original concentration in the composition by the ratio of the volume of the composition to the volume of water. Alternatively, the grams of microalgae sourced components in the diluted composition can be calculated by the multiplying the original grams of microalgae sourced components per 100 mL by the ratio of the volume of the composition to the volume of water. The rate of application of the composition at the desired concentration can be expressed as a volume per area. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 50-150 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 75-125 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 50-75 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 75-100 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 100-125 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 125-150 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 10-50 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 10-20 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 20-30 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 30-40 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 40-50 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 0.01-10 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 0.01-0.1 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 0.1-1.0 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 1-2 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 2-3 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 3-4 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 4-5 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 5-10 gallons/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 2-20 liters/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 3.7-15 liters/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 2-5 liters/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 5-10 liters/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 10-15 liters/acre. In some embodiments, the rate of application of the liquid composition in a soil application can include a rate in the range of 15-20 liters/acre. Prior patent applications containing useful background information and technical details are PCT/US2017/053432 titled METHODS OF CULTURING It will be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto. All patents and references cited herein are explicitly incorporated by reference in their entirety. “Degrees Brix” or “Brix” is a metric that is used in the food industry for measuring the approximate amount of sugars in fruits, vegetables, juices, soft drinks, wine, and in the starch and sugar manufacturing industry. Brix usually refers to a scale of measurement for total dissolved solids in the juice of the fruit or vegetable, wherein the dissolved solids are usually sugars and the Brix measurement approximates the sugar content of a sample. Fruiting plants, as described herein, include any plant that produces a fruit; i.e. the fleshy or dry ripened ovary of the plant which encloses the seed or seeds. A trial was conducted on strawberry (var. Camarosa) in Winter Garden, Fla. to evaluate performance of the PHYCOTERRA® All plots received the standard fertilization regimen used by the grower for these crops excluding biostimulants. The microalgae compositions were added in addition to standard fertilization. Strawberry plants were transplanted to the field. The first product application was at the time of transplanting and then every 14 days afterward until harvest via drip irrigation. The untreated control received the same amount of carrier water as other treatments at the time of each application. Products were shaken well before application and agitated while in the chemigation tank to prevent solids from settling. Berries from one harvest (day 113) were harvested and either kept in cold storage onsite or shipped cold overnight to a University in New York where they were kept in cold storage. After a period of 4 days in storage, at both sites, the berries were assessed for post-storage quality, particularly sweetness. Application rates of the PHYCOTERRA® As shown in A trial was conducted on strawberry (var. Seascape) in Fresno, Calif. to evaluate performance of various microalgae compositions on strawberry growth, yield, and post-harvest berry quality, and sweetness; particularly PHYCOTERRA® Application rates of the PHYCOTERRA® Five, six, eight and nine weeks after transplanting, Seascape strawberries were harvested and assessed for brix at the time of harvest. As shown in A trial was conducted on strawberry (var. Red Merlin) in Jupiter, Fla. to evaluate performance of the PHYCOTERRA® Application rates of the PHYCOTERRA® As shown in A trial was conducted on strawberry (var. Portola) in Guadalupe Valley, Calif. to evaluate performance of the PHYCOTERRA® Portola strawberries were harvested on eight occasions between 12 and 24 weeks after transplanting and assessed for % brix at the time of harvest. Fifteen weeks after transplanting, berries were harvested and stored in cold storage for 5 days and assessed for % brix. Brix at the time of harvest was variable for treatments compared to the control. As shown in For the treatments referred to in this Example as Commercial Reference+TERRENE® pasteurized at 65° C., the commercial reference was applied first to the soil at a rate of 20 gal/acre. The TERRENE® pasteurized at 65° C. microalgae composition was then added on top via drip irrigation. The commercial reference was only applied 4 times per season, whereas the TERRENE® pasteurized at 65° C. microalgae composition was applied every 14 days until harvest. For the treatments referred to in this Example as Commercial Reference+TERRENE® pasteurized at 90° C., the commercial reference was applied first to the soil at a rate of 20 gal/acre. The TERRENE® pasteurized at 90° C. microalgae composition was then added on top via drip irrigation. The commercial reference was only applied 4 times per season, whereas the TERRENE® pasteurized at 90° C. microalgae composition was applied every 14 days until harvest. A trial was conducted on strawberry (var. Portola-Organic) in Santa Maria, Calif. to evaluate performance of various OMRI certified microalgae compositions on organic strawberry growth, yield, post-harvest berry quality, and sweetness; particularly, the OMRI certified TERRENE® Application rates of the OMRI certified TERRENE® At 11, 14 and 18 weeks after transplanting, berries were harvested and stored in cold storage for 6 days then assessed for % brix after the storage period. Referring to A trial was conducted on strawberry (var. Portola) in Oxnard, Calif. to evaluate performance of various microalgae compositions on strawberry growth, yield, post-harvest berry quality, and sweetness; particularly the PHYCOTERRA® Application rates of the PHYCOTERRA® At 11, 15, 19, 21 and 26 weeks after transplanting, berries were harvested and stored in cold storage for 6 to 10 days and then assessed for % brix. As shown in A trial was conducted on bell peppers (var. Replicates were irrigated with treatments bi-weekly until harvest. Data was collected on fruits within the guidelines of USDA marketable bell pepper standards. Mature green fruit was harvested once a week for 3 weeks. Red ripe fruit was harvested daily for three weeks. Fruits were juiced, and percent brix was recorded using a HI 96801 refractometer. The metric described was percent brix, which is a measure of total dissolved solids in the juice of the fruit and which equates to dissolved sugars and sweetness. Application rates of the PHYCOTERRA® Replicate plants were given a slow release fertilizer (OSMOTCOTE fertilizer) and irrigated with reverse osmosis (RO) water. Every two weeks replicates were treated with corresponding treatment diluted in city water. At the end of the trial, replicate plant fruits were harvested as either mature green or red ripe. Brix measurements were taken only on qualifying fruit based on USDA standards. Fruits were juiced, and percent brix was taken on individual fruits of each replicate plant. This trial ran for 144 days from seeding to final harvest. Mature green bell peppers were harvested once a week for three weeks. USDA standard marketable fruits were juiced, percent brix was taken on individual fruits and percent was recorded. Table 12 below shows raw values for percent brix for each treatment and percent change of treatments relative to the control. The 9 ml/gal application rate resulted in a 17% increase in brix of green peppers for the earliest harvest, but no other benefits were observed. Red ripe bell peppers were harvested daily over three-week intervals. USDA standard marketable fruit were juiced, and percent brix was taken on individual fruit. The average percent brix of all fruits per treatment was taken over three one-week intervals. Table 13 below shows raw values of percent brix and percent change of treatments relative to the control. The majority of the application rates resulted in brix increases in 2 of 3 harvest periods. The 75 mL/gal application increased Brix for red peppers in all 3 harvest periods at 7-14%. All references, including publications, patent applications, and patents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety and to the same extent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein (to the maximum extent permitted by law), regardless of any separately provided incorporation of particular documents made elsewhere herein. The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the invention are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Unless otherwise stated, all exact values provided herein are representative of corresponding approximate values (e.g., all exact exemplary values provided with respect to a particular factor or measurement can be considered to also provide a corresponding approximate measurement, modified by “about,” where appropriate). All provided ranges of values are intended to include the end points of the ranges, as well as values between the end points. The description herein of any aspect or embodiment of the invention using terms such as “comprising”, “having,” “including,” or “containing” with reference to an element or elements is intended to provide support for a similar aspect or embodiment of the invention that “consists of”, “consists essentially of”, or “substantially comprises” that particular element or elements, unless otherwise stated or clearly contradicted by context (e.g., a composition described herein as comprising a particular element should be understood as also describing a composition consisting of that element, unless otherwise stated or clearly contradicted by context). All headings and sub-headings are used herein for convenience only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention. The citation and incorporation of patent documents herein is done for convenience only and does not reflect any view of the validity, patentability, and/or enforceability of such patent documents. This invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims and/or aspects appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Biomass compositions and methods for increasing sweetness of fruit of a fruiting plant by administering to the fruiting plant, seedling, or seed, a liquid composition treatment comprising a culture of microalgae cells are disclosed. The liquid composition may comprise pasteurized Chlorella cells only, Aurantiochytrium acetophilum HS399 cells only, or a combination of Chlorella and Aurantiochytrium acetophilum HS399 cells that are pasteurized at a temperature between 65° C.-90° C. The administration may comprise contacting soil in the immediate vicinity of the fruiting plant, seedling, or seed. 1. A method of increasing sweetness of fruit of a fruiting plant comprising the step of administering to the fruiting plant, seedling, or seed a liquid composition treatment comprising a culture of microalgae, the microalgae comprising at least one of pasteurized 2. The method of 3. The method of 4. The method of 5. The method of 6. The method of 7. The method of 8. The method of 9. The method of 10. The method of 11. The method of 12. The method of 13. The method of 14. A method of increasing sweetness of fruit of a fruiting plant comprising the step of administering to the fruiting plant, seedling, or seed a liquid composition treatment comprising a culture of microalgae, the microalgae comprising at least one of pasteurized 15. The method of 16. The method of 17. The method of 18. A method of increasing sweetness of fruit of a fruiting plant comprising the steps of:
providing a liquid composition treatment comprising a culture of microalgae, the microalgae comprising at least one of pasteurized diluting the liquid composition treatment to contain between 0.95 g-15 g per gallon of the at least one of pasteurized administering the liquid composition treatment to a fruiting plant, seedling, or seed in an effective amount to increase total dissolved sugars in the fruit of a population of such fruiting plants compared to a substantially identical population of untreated fruiting plants. 19. The method of 20. The method of CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Crop Strawberry (var. Camarosa) Location Winter Garden, FL Transplanting Date Oct. 24, 2016 Pick Frequency Weekly culls when not assessed Bed dimensions 60″ W × 6″ H, 2 rows Planting density 17,424 plants/A Drip irrigation 6″ emitters, 0.3″ applied daily Fertilizer 20-100 lbs 20-20-20 NPK monthly via drip Pesticide Ridomil, Sevin, Dipel and Captec as needed Soil Type Sandy, non-fumigated Plot Size 12 ft sections of 100 ft bed Replication 4 Product applied 0.5 gal/A via drip at planting then every 2 wks Treatments Application Treatment Rate Number Product gallon/acre T1 Standard Practice (Untreated) N/A T2 PHYCOTERRA ® composition 0.4 T3 PHYCOTERRA ® composition 0.5 T4 PHYCOTERRA ® composition 1 T5 PHYCOTERRA ® composition 2 T6 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 0.4 T7 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 0.5 T8 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 1 T9 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 2 T10 Green Water Polyculture 0.4 T11 Green Water Polyculture 0.5 T12 Green Water Polyculture 1 T13 Green Water Polyculture 2 T14 Seaweed-based Commercial Reference 0.5 Raw Data % Advantage over % Brix post % Advantage over Rate % Brix post- Standard Comm. shipping/storage Standard Treatment (gal/A) storage 38 F. Practice Ref. 34 F. Practice Comm. Ref. Standard practice 7.13 7.30 Comm. Ref. 0.5 7.97 12% 9.13 25% PhycoTerra 0.4 7.87 10% −1% 8.98 23% −2% PhycoTerra 0.5 8.70 22% 9% 8.83 21% −3% PhycoTerra 1 8.20 15% 3% 8.90 22% −2% PhycoTerra 2 8.33 17% 5% 9.40 29% 3% HS399 EB 0.4 8.05 13% 1% 9.65 32% 6% HS399 EB 0.5 7.70 8% −3% 8.63 18% −5% HS399 EB 1 8.03 13% 1% 9.05 24% −1% HS399 EB 2 7.83 10% −2% 9.38 28% 3% GWP 0.4 7.38 3% −7% 8.65 18% −5% GWP 0.5 7.70 8% −3% 9.40 29% 3% GWP 1 7.55 6% −5% 8.08 11% −12% GWP 2 7.45 4% −6% 8.50 16% −7% Example 2
Crop Strawberry (var. Seascape) Location Fresno, CA Row Spacing Conventional Harvest Schedule 4 harvests will be quantified between Sept-Nov. Weekly picks will be performed otherwise and berries discarded to minimize amount of rotten fruit on plants Fumigation Schedule Non-fumigated Plot size minimum 12 ft section after first 2 ft along 76 ft drip line Observations Taken from multiple subsamples per 12 ft section Replication 6 replicate plots for each treatment and untreated control Local Standard Fertility, weed, insect management, etc. Production Standard Management Fungicide application. Record disease Practice management measures Treatments Application Treatment Rate Number Product gallon/acre T1a Untreated control (UTC/standard practice) Water T1b Untreated control (UTC/standard practice) Water T2 Seaweed Commercial Reference 0.5 T3 PHYCOTERRA ® 0.25 T4 PHYCOTERRA ® 0.5 T5 HS399 Whole Biomass (WB) 0.25 T6 HS399 Whole Biomass (WB) 0.5 T7 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 0.25 T8 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 0.5 T9 TERRENE ® pasteurized at 65 C. 0.25 T10 TERRENE ® pasteurized at 65 C. 0.5 T11 25% 0.25 T12 25% 0.5 T13 25% 0.25 T14 25% 0.5 T15 Green Water Polyculture 0.25 T16 Green Water Polyculture 0.5 Example 3
Crop Strawberry (var. Red Merlin) Location Jupiter, FL Conventional Row 5′ rows with 10″ plant spacing, entire trial Spacing is 12 rows × 270′ Plot size minimum Minimum 5′ × 25′ (5′ bed size) Observations Taken from multiple subsamples per 25′ section Replication 14 treatments × 8 replicates = 112 treatment plots (12 ft sections) Local Standard Fertility, weed, insect management, etc. Production Standard Management Fungicide application. Record disease Practice management measures Treatments Application Treatment Rate Number Product gallon/acre T1 Untreated control (UTC/standard practice) N/A T2 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 0.3 T3 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 0.5 T4 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 1 T5 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 2 T6 PHYCOTERRA ® 0.3 T7 PHYCOTERRA ® 0.5 T8 PHYCOTERRA ® 1 T9 PHYCOTERRA ® 2 T10 Green Water Polyculture 0.3 T11 Green Water Polyculture 0.5 T12 Green Water Polyculture 1 T13 Green Water Polyculture 2 T14 Seaweed Commercial Reference 0.5 Treatments % Advantage over Rate % Brix at Standard Comm. Treatment (gal/A) harvest Practice Ref. Standard practice 6.7 Commercial reference 0.5 6.5 −3% PhycoTerra 0.3 6.8 2% 5% PhycoTerra 0.5 6.6 −1% 1% PhycoTerra 1 6.6 −2% 1% PhycoTerra 2 6.7 0% 3% HS399 EB 0.3 6.9 2% 5% HS399 EB 0.5 7.0 4% 7% HS399 EB 1 6.7 0% 3% HS399 EB 2 6.5 −2% 0% Greenwater polyculture 0.3 6.8 2% 5% Greenwater polyculture 0.5 6.9 3% 6% Greenwater polyculture 1 6.5 −3% −1% Greenwater polyculture 2 6.8 2% 5% Example 4
Crop Strawberry (var. Portola) Location Guadalupe Valley, CA Conventional Row 40″ furrow spacing with 24″ wide bed spacing, Spacing and plants on plant lines 12″ apart and plant lines 12″ apart Harvest Schedule As frequently as standard local grower practice with estimated 12-16 picks Fumigation Early May, 32 gal/a PicChlor60 Schedule Plot size minimum 1 double-line bed 45 ft length per plot with 80+ plants per plot Trial Design Randomized Complete Block Observations Taken from 70 plants inside 3 ft buffer zone of each plot end Replication 6 replicate plots for each treatment Local Standard Fertility, weed, insect management, etc. Production Standard Fungicide application. Record disease management Management measures Fungicides will be applied weekly Practice when flowers and fruit are present Raw Data Day 5 % Brix % Advantage over Post- % Advantage over Rate at Standard Comm. storage Standard Date Treatment (gal/A) harvest Practice Ref. % Brix Practice Comm. Ref. Sep. 5, 2017 Standard Practice 6.3 7.58 Comm. Ref. 0.50 6.1 −2% 7.88 4% PHYCOTERRA 0.25 6.1 −3% −1% 7.67 1% −3% PHYCOTERRA 0.50 6.2 −2% 1% 8.18 8% 4% Terrene90 0.25 5.9 −6% −4% 7.85 4% 0% Terrene90 0.50 6.2 −1% 1% 7.68 1% −3% HS399 WB 0.25 6.0 −5% −2% 7.45 −2% −5% HS399 WB 0.50 6.2 −1% 1% 7.78 3% −1% HS399 WB 0.25 5.9 −6% −3% 7.98 5% 1% washed HS399 WB 0.50 5.9 −7% −4% 7.67 1% −3% washed Combo 399WB 0.25 6.1 −3% −1% 7.90 4% 0% Combo 399WB 0.50 6.1 −2% 0% 7.85 4% 0% Sep. 16, 2017 Standard Practice 5.7 Comm. Ref. 0.50 5.7 1% PHYCOTERRA 0.25 5.8 3% 1% PHYCOTERRA 0.50 6.0 6% 4% Terrene90 0.25 5.9 4% 3% Terrene90 0.50 5.8 2% 1% HS399 WB 0.25 6.1 7% 6% HS399 WB 0.50 6.0 5% 4% HS399 WB 0.25 5.7 1% −1% washed HS399 WB 0.50 5.8 3% 2% washed Combo 399WB 0.25 6.1 7% 6% Combo 399WB 0.50 5.5 −3% −4% Sep. 25, 2017 Standard Practice 7.2 Comm. Ref. 0.50 7.3 2% PHYCOTERRA 0.25 7.2 1% −2% PHYCOTERRA 0.50 7.3 1% −1% Terrene90 0.25 7.2 0% −2% Terrene90 0.50 7.1 −1% −3% HS399 WB 0.25 7.3 1% −1% HS399 WB 0.50 7.4 3% 0% HS399 WB 0.25 7.1 −1% −3% washed HS399 WB 0.50 7.2 1% −2% washed Combo 399WB 0.25 7.2 0% −2% Combo 399WB 0.50 7.2 0% −2% Sep. 27, 2017 Standard Practice 7.7 Comm. Ref. 0.50 7.7 −1% PHYCOTERRA 0.25 7.7 −1% 0% PHYCOTERRA 0.50 7.7 0% 1% Terrene90 0.25 7.8 1% 2% Terrene90 0.50 7.2 −7% −6% HS399 WB 0.25 7.8 1% 2% HS399 WB 0.50 7.6 −2% −1% HS399 WB 0.25 7.7 −1% 0% washed HS399 WB 0.50 7.6 −2% −2% washed Combo 399WB 0.25 7.8 0% 1% Combo 399WB 0.50 7.8 1% 2% Oct. 6, 2017 Standard Practice 7.6 Comm. Ref. 0.50 7.9 4% PHYCOTERRA 0.25 7.7 1% −3% PHYCOTERRA 0.50 8.2 8% 4% Terrene90 0.25 7.9 4% 0% Terrene90 0.50 7.7 1% −3% HS399 WB 0.25 7.5 −2% −5% HS399 WB 0.50 7.8 3% −1% HS399 WB 0.25 8.0 5% 1% washed HS399 WB 0.50 7.7 1% −3% washed Combo 399WB 0.25 7.9 4% 0% Combo 399WB 0.50 7.9 4% 0% ######## Standard Practice 7.2 Comm. Ref. 0.50 7.7 7% PHYCOTERRA 0.25 8.1 12% 5% PHYCOTERRA 0.50 7.8 8% 1% Terrene90 0.25 8.0 10% 3% Terrene90 0.50 7.5 3% −3% HS399 WB 0.25 7.9 9% 3% HS399 WB 0.50 7.2 −1% −7% HS399 WB 0.25 7.7 6% 0% washed HS399 WB 0.50 7.2 0% −6% washed Combo 399WB 0.25 7.6 6% −1% Combo 399WB 0.50 7.2 −1% −7% Nov. 3, 2017 Standard Practice 6.6 Comm. Ref. 0.50 6.5 −3% PHYCOTERRA 0.25 6.7 1% 4% PHYCOTERRA 0.50 6.7 1% 4% Terrene90 0.25 6.7 1% 4% Terrene90 0.50 6.5 −2% 1% HS399 WB 0.25 6.8 3% 5% HS399 WB 0.50 6.6 −1% 2% HS399 WB 0.25 6.4 −3% −1% washed HS399 WB 0.50 6.5 −3% 0% washed Combo 399WB 0.25 6.4 −3% −1% Combo 399WB 0.50 6.8 2% 5% ######## Standard Practice 7.2 Comm. Ref. 0.50 7.2 −1% PHYCOTERRA 0.25 7.0 −3% −2% PHYCOTERRA 0.50 6.7 −7% −6% Terrene90 0.25 6.6 −9% −9% Terrene90 0.50 7.0 −4% −3% HS399 WB 0.25 6.8 −6% −5% HS399 WB 0.50 7.1 −2% −1% HS399 WB 0.25 7.3 0% 1% washed HS399 WB 0.50 7.1 −3% −2% washed Combo 399WB 0.25 7.4 2% 3% Combo 399WB 0.50 7.2 0% 1% Example 5
Crop Strawberry (var. Portola) Location Santa Maria, CA Conventional Row Wide 4-row beds, 64-inches center-to-center; Spacing plants spaced 14 inches apart in each of the four rows Harvest Schedule As frequently as standard local grower practice with estimated 32 picks Fumigation Schedule None (Organic) Plot size minimum 1 four-row bed 25-30 ft length per plot with 80+ plants per plot. Plots will be located away from any field edges with 1-2 commercial buffer beds in between Trial Design Randomized complete block Observations Yield data taken from 40 inside plants, outside 40 combined with inside 40 for post-harvest assessments Replication 6 replicate plots for each treatment and untreated control Local Standard Fertility, weed, insect management, etc. Production Standard Management Standard management practices for Practice organic production. Record disease management measures Treatments Application Treatment Rate Number Product gallon/acre T1 Standard practice only (UTC) Water T2 Commercial reference (No TERRENE ®) 20 T3 Commercial reference + TERRENE ® 0.5 pasteurized at 65° C. T4 Commercial reference + TERRENE ® 0.5 pasteurized at 90° C. T5 TERRENE ® pasteurized at 65° C. 0.25 T6 TERRENE ® pasteurized at 90° C. 0.25 T7 TERRENE ® pasteurized at 65° C. 0.5 T8 TERRENE ® pasteurized at 90° C. 0.5 Raw Data % Brix % Advantage over Holding Rate Post- Standard Test Treatment (gal/A) Storage Practice Comm. Ref. 1 Standard 6.56 practice Comm. Ref. 20 6.22 −5% Comm. Ref. + 0.50 6.29 −4% 1% Terrene65 Comm. Ref. + 0.50 6.45 −2% 4% TERRENE90 TERRENE65 0.25 6.45 −2% 4% TERRENE65 0.50 6.24 −5% 0% TERRENE90 0.25 6.25 −5% 0% TERRENE90 0.50 6.47 −1% 4% 2 Standard 8.51 practice Comm. Ref. 20 8.14 −4% Comm. Ref. + 0.50 8.75 3% 7% TERRENE65 Comm. Ref. + 0.50 7.99 −6% −2% TERRENE90 TERRENE65 0.25 8.12 −5% 0% TERRENE65 0.50 8.10 −5% −1% TERRENE90 0.25 8.28 −3% 2% TERRENE90 0.50 8.22 −4% 1% 3 Standard 7.65 practice Comm. Ref. 20 7.81 2% Comm. Ref. + 0.50 7.73 1% −1% TERRENE65 Comm. Ref. + 0.50 7.93 4% 1% TERRENE90 TERRENE65 0.25 7.76 1% −1% TERRENE65 0.50 7.92 4% 1% TERRENE90 0.25 7.89 3% 1% TERRENE90 0.50 7.83 2% 0% Example 6
Crop Strawberry (var. Portola) Location Oxnard, CA Conventional Wide 4-row beds, 64-inches center-to-center; Row Spacing plants spaced 14 inches apart in each of the four rows Harvest Schedule As frequently as standard local grower practice with estimated 24 picks Fumigation Local practice (recorded) - timing will be in June Schedule Plot size 1 four-row bed 25 ft length per plot with 80+ minimum plants per plot. Plots will be located away from any field edges with 1-2 commercial buffer beds in between Trial Design Randomized complete block Observations Yield data taken from 40 inside plants, outside 40 combined with inside 40 for post-harvest assessments Replication 6 replicate plots for each treatment and untreated control Local Standard Fertility, weed, insect management, etc Production Standard Standard management practices, including fungicide Management application. Record disease management Practice measures. Fungicides will be applied as necessary (by grower) when flowers and fruit are present Treatments Application Treatment Rate Number Product gallon/acre T1 Untreated control (UTC/standard practice) Water T2 Seaweed Commercial Reference 0.5 T3 PHYCOTERRA ® 0.25 T4 PHYCOTERRA ® 0.5 T5 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 0.25 T6 HS399 Extracted Biomass (EB) 0.5 T7 HS399 Whole Biomass (WB) 0.25 T8 HS399 Whole Biomass (WB) 0.5 T9 TERRENE ® pasteurized at 65° C. 0.25 T10 TERRENE ® pasteurized at 65° C. 0.5 T11 25% 0.25 T12 25% 0.5 Raw Data % Advantage over Holding Rate % Brix Post- Standard Comm. Test Date Treatment (gal/A) Storage Practice Ref. 1 Sep. 21, 2017 Standard Practice 7.5 Comm. Ref. 0.50 7.2 −4% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.25 7.3 −3% 1% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.50 7.3 −3% 1% TERRENE ® 65 0.25 6.9 −8% −4% TERRENE ® 65 0.50 7.3 −3% 1% HS399 EB 0.25 7.2 −4% 0% HS399 EB 0.50 7.0 −7% −3% HS399 WB 0.25 7.1 −5% −1% HS399 WB 0.50 7.0 −7% −3% Combo 399WB 0.25 7.2 −4% 0% Combo 399WB 0.50 7.1 −5% −1% 2 ######## Standard Practice 7.2 Comm. Ref. 0.50 7.1 −1% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.25 7.1 −1% 0% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.50 7.6 6% 7% TERRENE ® 65 0.25 7.6 6% 7% TERRENE ® 65 0.50 7.7 7% 8% HS399 EB 0.25 7.3 1% 3% HS399 EB 0.50 7.1 −1% 0% HS399 WB 0.25 7.5 4% 6% HS399 WB 0.50 7.4 3% 4% Combo 399WB 0.25 7.7 7% 8% Combo 399WB 0.50 7.3 1% 3% 3 ######## Standard Practice 8.30 Comm. Ref. 0.50 7.80 −6% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.25 8.30 0% 6% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.50 7.80 −6% 0% TERRENE ® 65 0.25 8.60 4% 10% TERRENE ® 65 0.50 8.40 1% 8% HS399 EB 0.25 8.10 −2% 4% HS399 EB 0.50 8.00 −4% 3% HS399 WB 0.25 8.20 −1% 5% HS399 WB 0.50 8.10 −2% 4% Combo 399WB 0.25 8.50 2% 9% Combo 399WB 0.50 8.30 0% 6% 4 ######## Standard Practice 9.70 Comm. Ref. 0.50 9.80 1% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.25 9.70 0% −1% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.50 9.40 −3% −4% TERRENE ® 65 0.25 10.20 5% 4% TERRENE ® 65 0.50 10.00 3% 2% HS399 EB 0.25 9.90 2% 1% HS399 EB 0.50 9.70 0% −1% HS399 WB 0.25 10.10 4% 3% HS399 WB 0.50 10.40 7% 6% Combo 399WB 0.25 10.30 6% 5% Combo 399WB 0.50 10.40 7% 6% 5 Jan. 18, 2018 Standard Practice 8.10 Comm. Ref. 0.50 8.20 1% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.25 8.50 5% 4% PHYCOTERRA ® 0.50 7.90 −2% −4% TERRENE ® 65 0.25 8.90 10% 9% TERRENE ® 65 0.50 8.40 4% 2% HS399 EB 0.25 8.10 0% −1% HS399 EB 0.50 8.20 1% 0% HS399 WB 0.25 8.10 0% −1% HS399 WB 0.50 8.20 1% 0% Combo 399WB 0.25 8.40 4% 2% Combo 399WB 0.50 8.30 2% 1% Example 7
Treatments Replicate Plants Mature Red Treatments: Green Ripe Control 4 4 9 mL/gal 4 4 18 mL/gal 4 4 37 mL/gal 4 4 75 mL/gal 4 4 150 mL/gal 4 4 Raw Data for Green Bell Pepper Harvest Raw Data % change Raw Data % change Raw Data % change Treatment Harvest 1 Harvest 1 Harvest 2 Harvest 2 Harvest 3 Harvest 3 Control 4.48 5.24 5.20 9 mL/gal 5.26 17.41 5.28 0.76 4.83 −7.05 18 mL/gal 4.36 −2.68 4.98 −4.96 4.83 −7.05 37 mL/gal 4.36 −2.68 5.08 −3.05 4.97 −4.49 75 mL/gal 4.44 −0.89 5.20 −0.76 4.97 −4.49 150 mL/gal 4.18 −6.70 4.70 −10.31 5.17 −0.64 Raw Data for Red Ripe Bell Peppers Raw Data % change Raw Data % change Raw Data % change Treatment Harvest 1 Harvest 1 Harvest 2 Harvest 2 Harvest 3 Harvest 3 Control 8.20 8.91 8.07 9 mL/gal 8.82 7.6 8.53 −4.27 9.34 15.74 18 mL/gal 8.24 0.5 9.30 4.33 8.90 10.33 37 mL/gal 8.34 1.7 9.25 3.72 8.02 −0.55 75 mL/gal 9.25 12.8 9.56 7.28 9.25 14.67 150 mL/gal 9.07 10.6 8.88 −0.36 9.58 18.70
