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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 3780. Отображено 100.
24-05-2012 дата публикации

Hydrogen production by an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane gas reformer

Номер: US20120129064A1
Автор: David Stanislav A. Simakov, Moshe Sheintuch
Принадлежит: Technion Research and Development Foundation Ltd

A process for producing hydrogen from natural gas, said process comprises the steps of: (i) providing an autothermal heat exchanger packed-bed membrane reformer (APBMR) comprising: (a) an elongated external gas oxidation compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said external gas oxidation compartment; (b) an elongated internal gas steam-reforming compartment comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed steam-reforming catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at one extremity of said internal gas steam-reforming compartment; (c) one or more hydrogen-separating membrane(s) positioned in said steam-reforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said steam-reforming compartment; (d) one insulation layer surrounding said external compartment; and, optionally, (e) one or more elongated internal gas oxidation compartment(s) positioned in said steamreforming compartment substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of said gas steam-reforming internal compartment, and comprising an inlet, an outlet and packed oxidation catalyst particles, said inlet and outlet being located each at an extremity of said internal gas oxidation compartment(s); (ii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and air to said gas oxidation compartment(s) of said reformer; and (iii) supplying a mixture comprising said natural gas and water to said gas steam-reforming compartment, wherein the water-to-gas molar ratio

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Номер записи: 1
28-06-2012 дата публикации

Apparatus for producing trichlorosilane and method for producing trichlorosilane

Номер: US20120164053A1
Автор: Mitsutoshi Narukawa
Принадлежит: Mitsubishi Materials Corp

An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane in which metallurgical grade silicon powder supplied to a reactor is reacted with hydrogen chloride gas while being fluidized by the hydrogen chloride gas, thereby discharging trichlorosilane generated by the reaction from the reactor, includes: a plurality of gas flow controlling members which are installed along a vertical direction in an annular shape R from an inner peripheral wall of the reactor in an internal space of the reactor; and a heat transfer tube which is installed along the vertical direction in the annular space R and through which a heating medium passes.

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Номер записи: 2
02-08-2012 дата публикации

Hydrogen Generator and Method of Operating It

Номер: US20120195825A1
Автор: Arthur Koschany, Zhijun Gu
Принадлежит: Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies Pte Ltd

A hydrogen generator working by hydrolysis of the metal borohydride is described comprising a reaction chamber ( 7 ) which in its bottom part has a liquid collecting area ( 30 ) and leads by short and non-complex connecting components to a conduit end ( 38 ) through which the exhaust products ( 31 ) of the reaction are discharged into the environment, generally the atmosphere and thereby saving weight and volume. By using given high pressures and temperatures for the reaction, the danger of crystallization of exhaust products is prevented.

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Номер записи: 3
13-12-2012 дата публикации

Tunable catalytic gasifiers and related methods

Номер: US20120311931A1
Автор: John Dooher
Принадлежит: Good Earth Power Corp

The present disclosure provides tunable catalytic gasifier systems suitable for gasifying coal, biomass, and other fuel sources. The gasifier reactors of the disclosed systems may be heated by, e.g., a catalytic tube or other jacket that generates heat by catalytically combusting syngas, which syngas may be syngas produced by the gasifier system.

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Номер записи: 4
17-10-2013 дата публикации

Installation and method for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product

Номер: US20130274097A1
Автор: Joseph Jan Peter Biermann
Принадлежит: VOITH PATENT GMBH

A method and apparatus for conversion of paper residue into a mineral product uses a fluidized bed device with a distribution plate for securing an even distribution and supply of at least combustion air to the bed material and to the paper residue. An air box below the distribution plate supplies combustion air to the bed material and paper residue above the distribution plate. A heat exchanging section receives in separate parts ambient air and flue gases from the fluidized bed device for exchanging heat between flue gases and ambient air. The heat exchanging section is connected to the air box for supplying the heated ambient air to the air box for use as combustion air. A control system is employed for controlling the amount of bed material and the dimension of its particles and is arranged to monitor and maintain a process parameter within a predefined range.

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Номер записи: 5
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Regenerative Gas Generator

Номер: US20140041392A1
Автор: Charles Robin Nail
Принадлежит: NW Licensing Co LLC

Systems, methods, and computer program products are disclosed that overcome the deficiencies of traditional steam engines and internal combustion engines. In an embodiment, a system is disclosed for generating reaction products having elevated temperature and pressure. The system comprises a first chamber including a reactor to decompose hydrogen peroxide to generate oxygen and water vapor. The system further comprises a second chamber including a reactor to catalytically combust a mixture of the generated oxygen and a fuel to generate reaction products having elevated temperature and pressure. The system further comprises a passageway to receive reaction products exiting the second chamber and to channel the reaction products to come into contact with external surfaces of the first and second chambers to thereby transfer heat to the first and second chambers, and an outlet to allow the reaction products to exit the system.

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Номер записи: 6
01-01-2015 дата публикации

Generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers in a refinery

Номер: US20150000186A1
Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham
Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present application generally relates to methods of generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers by thermally processing a cellulosic biomass to form a renewable fuel oil, and then co-processing the renewable fuel oil with a petroleum fraction in a refinery to form a cellulosic-renewable identification number-compliant fuel.

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Номер записи: 7
07-01-2021 дата публикации

TANTALUM CHLORIDE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING TANTALUM CHLORIDE

Номер: US20210002143A1
Автор: Fukasawa So, Takahashi Hideyuki, Tani Seiichiro
Принадлежит:

The tantalum chloride according to the present invention contains TaCl, and has a total content of tantalum subchlorides of 1% by mass or less. 1. A tantalum chloride , the tantalum chloride containing TaCl , and having a total content of tantalum subchlorides of 1% by mass or less.2. The tantalum chloride according to claim 1 , wherein the total content of the tantalum subchlorides is 0.1% by mass or less.3. The tantalum chloride according to claim 1 , wherein the tantalum chloride has a total content of Ta and Cl of 99.999% by mass or more.4. The tantalum chloride according to claim 3 , wherein the total content of Ta and Cl is 99.9999% by mass or more.5. The tantalum chloride according to claim 1 , wherein the tantalum chloride has a total content of Na claim 1 , K claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Nb claim 1 , W claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , U claim 1 , and Th as impurities of 1 ppm by mass or less.6. A method for producing a tantalum chloride by heating a tantalum raw material in a chlorine atmosphere to chlorinate the tantalum raw material claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:using a tantalum chlorinating apparatus, filling a raw material reaction tube of the tantalum chlorinating apparatus with the tantalum raw material to form a packed bed of the tantalum raw material, and feeding a chlorine gas to the raw material reaction tube to provide the raw material reaction tube with a chlorine atmosphere; andsetting a reaction temperature of the tantalum raw material during heating to a temperature of 200° C. to 700° C., and setting a flow rate of the chlorine gas fed to the raw material reaction tube during heating of the tantalum raw material to 0.05 cm/s to 0.82 cm/s.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the chlorine gas is allowed to flow in a same direction as a filling direction of the tantalum raw material in the raw material reaction tube.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 8
04-01-2018 дата публикации

PILOT PLANT FOR CHEMICAL LOOPING HYDROGEN GENERATION USING SINGLE-COLUMN PACKED BED AND HYDROGEN GENERATION METHOD

Номер: US20180002173A1
Автор: HUA Xiuning, Wang Wei, XIA Zhou
Принадлежит:

A pilot plant for chemical looping hydrogen generation using a single-column packed bed and hydrogen generation method. The plant has a feeding system, reaction system, tail gas treatment and analysis system, and auxiliary system. The reaction system has a packed bed reactor, inside which a thermal storage layer, oxygen carrier layer and supporting layer are arranged successively from top to bottom. The feeding system has a delivery pipe, metering pump, mass flow controller and fuel mixer. The tail gas treatment and analysis system has a cooler, gas-liquid separator, mass flow meter, gas analyzer and tail gas pipe. The packed bed reactor is subjected to fuel reduction, purge, steam oxidation, purge, air combustion and purge stages successively under control of the feeding system. The pilot plant enables evaluation for oxygen carriers and identification for technological difficulties and can generate high-purity hydrogen without using complex gas purification devices. 1. A pilot plant for chemical looping hydrogen generation using a single-column packed bed , wherein the plant comprises a feeding system , a reaction system and an tail gas treatment and analysis system;wherein the feeding system comprises at least one raw material delivery pipe, at least one raw material mass flow controller and a fuel mixer, wherein at least one outlet of the raw material mass flow controller is connected with an inlet of the fuel mixer, and other remaining outlets of the raw material mass flow controller are connected with an inlet of the reaction system;the reaction system is composed of a packed bed reactor, inside which a thermal storage layer, an oxygen carrier layer and a supporting layer are arranged successively from top to bottom, and the packed bed reactor is continuously subjected to fuel reduction, first purge, steam oxidation, second purge, air combustion and third purge stages successively under the control of the feeding system; andthe tail gas treatment and analysis ...

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Номер записи: 9
01-01-2015 дата публикации

Fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus

Номер: US20150004067A1
Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham
Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present application generally relates to a fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus having one or more ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil for co-processing the renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction.

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Номер записи: 10
10-01-2019 дата публикации

METHODS, DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR PROCESSING OF CARBONACEOUS COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20190009238A1
Автор: LAINE Scott
Принадлежит:

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide. 2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor disposed within the reaction vessel.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the sensor measures temperature claim 2 , pH claim 2 , or salt concentration.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the system comprises a control unit configured to maintain a first temperature within the reaction vessel before addition of a catalyst.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured to modulate a rate of addition of the catalyst into the reaction vessel to maintain a second temperature that is different from the first temperature inside the reaction vessel.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured with a pre-programmed protocol for controlling the conversion of graphite into graphene oxide.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system modulates a rate of addition of one or more reactants into the reaction vessel to maintain a reaction temperature no greater than 15° C.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises one or more cooling coils for reducing a reaction temperature inside the reaction vessel.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the system is configured to dispense chilled water into the tank to lower the temperature of the graphene oxide.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel and the tank are in fluid communication claim 1 , and the reaction vessel is positioned at a higher position relative to the tank to enable transfer of the graphene oxide from the reaction ...

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Номер записи: 11
11-01-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING AND PREPARING HIGH-PURITY VANADIUM PENTOXIDE POWDER

Номер: US20180009673A1
Автор: BAN Qixun, FAN Chuanlin, LIU Jibin, MU Wenheng, WANG Cunhu, Yang Haitao, ZHU Qingshan
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a system and method for purifying and preparing vanadium pentoxide powder. Industrial grade vanadium pentoxide is converted to vanadium oxytrichloride by low temperature fluidizing chlorination, wherein chlorinating gas is preheated via heat exchange between fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, and an appropriate amount of air is added to enable a part of carbon powder to combust so as to achieve a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thereby increasing the efficiency of chlorination and ensuring good selectivity in low temperature chlorination. The vanadium oxytrichloride is purified by rectification, and then subjected to fluidized gas phase ammonification, thereby obtaining ammonium metavanadate, and further obtaining a high-purity vanadium pentoxide powder product through fluidized calcination. The system and method have advantages of favorable adaptability to a raw material, no discharge of contaminated wastewater, low energy consumption and chlorine consumption in production, stable product quality and so on. 1. A system for purifying and preparing high-purity vanadium pentoxide powder , comprising a feeding device , a low temperature chlorination fluidized bed , a rectification and purification device , a gas phase ammonification fluidized bed , an ammonium metavanadate feeding device , a calcination fluidized bed , a tail gas washing absorber , an induced draft fan and a chimney;wherein the feeding device comprises an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide hopper, an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide screw feeder, a carbon powder hopper and a carbon powder screw feeder;the low temperature chlorination fluidized bed comprises a chlorination bed feeder, a chlorination fluidized bed body, a chlorination bed cyclone separator, a flue gas heat exchanger, a flue gas condenser, a chlorination bed acid-seal tank and a chlorination bed spiral slag-discharging device;the rectification and purification device comprises a ...

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Номер записи: 12
11-01-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH-PURITY VANADIUM TETRAOXIDE POWDER

Номер: US20180009674A1
Автор: BAN Qixun, FAN Chuanlin, LIU Jibin, MU Wenheng, WANG Cunhu, ZHU Qingshan
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a system and method for producing high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder. Industrial grade vanadium pentoxide is converted to vanadium oxytrichloride by low temperature fluidizing chlorination, wherein chlorinating gas is preheated via heat exchange between fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, and an appropriate amount of air is added to enable a part of carbon powder to combust so as to achieve a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thereby increasing the efficiency of chlorination and ensuring good selectivity in low temperature chlorination. The vanadium oxytrichloride is purified by rectification, and then subjected to fluidized gas phase hydrolyzation, thereby producing a high-purity vanadium pentoxide product and a by-product solution of hydrochloric acid, and further obtaining a high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder product through fluidized hydrogen reduction. The system and method have advantages of favorable adaptability to raw material, no discharge of contaminated wastewater, low energy consumption, etc. 1. A system for producing high-purity vanadium tetraoxide powder ,comprising a feeding device, a low temperature chlorination fluidized bed, a rectification and purification device, a gas phase hydrolyzation fluidized bed, a high-purity vanadium pentoxide feeding device, a reduction fluidized bed, a tail gas washing absorber, an induced draft fan and a chimney;wherein the feeding device comprises an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide hopper, an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide screw feeder, a carbon powder hopper and a carbon powder screw feeder;the low temperature chlorination fluidized bed comprises a chlorination bed feeder, a chlorination fluidized bed body, a chlorination bed cyclone separator, a flue gas heat exchanger, a flue gas condenser, a chlorination bed acid-seal tank and a chlorination bed spiral slag-discharging device;the rectification and purification device comprises a distilling still, ...

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Номер записи: 13
11-01-2018 дата публикации

System and Method for Producing High-Purity Vanadium Pentoxide Powder

Номер: US20180009675A1
Автор: BAN Qixun, FAN Chuanlin, LIU Jibin, MU Wenheng, WANG Cunhu, ZHU Qingshan
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a system and method for producing high-purity vanadium pentoxide powder. Industrial grade vanadium pentoxide is converted to vanadium oxytrichloride by low temperature fluidizing chlorination, wherein chlorinating gas is preheated via heat exchange between fluidizing gas and chlorination flue gas, and an appropriate amount of air is added to enable a part of carbon powder to combust so as to achieve a balanced heat supply during the chlorination, thereby increasing the efficiency of chlorination and ensuring good selectivity in low temperature chlorination. The vanadium oxytrichloride is purified by rectification, and then subjected to fluidized gas phase hydrolyzation and fluidized calcination, thereby producing a high-purity vanadium pentoxide product and a by-product of hydrochloric acid solution. The system and method have advantages of favorable adaptability to raw material, no discharge of contaminated wastewater, low energy consumption in production, low operation cost, stable product quality, etc. 1. A system for producing high-purity vanadium pentoxide powder , comprising a feeding device , a low temperature chlorination fluidized bed , a rectification and purification device , a gas phase hydrolyzation fluidized bed , a calcination fluidized bed , a tail gas washing absorber , an induced draft fan and a chimney;wherein the feeding device comprises an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide hopper, an industrial grade vanadium pentoxide screw feeder, a carbon powder hopper and a carbon powder screw feeder;the low temperature chlorination fluidized bed comprises a chlorination bed feeder, a chlorination fluidized bed body, a chlorination bed cyclone separator, a flue gas heat exchanger, a flue gas condenser, a chlorination bed acid-seal tank and a chlorination bed spiral slag-discharging device;the rectification and purification device comprises a distilling still, a rectifying column, a distillate condenser, a reflux liquid ...

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Номер записи: 14
10-01-2019 дата публикации

System for generating h2s in an alkaline medium and method of using the same

Номер: US20190010049A1
Автор: ABRAHAM Fouad JALBOUT
Принадлежит: Metoxs Pte Ltd

Method of producing hydrogen sulfide in an alkaline environment. A mixture having a sodium salt, elemental sulfur (S) and water is added to a reactor for the purpose of generating hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) gas as the main product and sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) as a byproduct.

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Номер записи: 15
11-01-2018 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING AND CONTROLLING THE PROPERTIES OF A CHEMICAL SPECIES DURING A TIME-DEPENDENT PROCESS

Номер: US20180011024A1
Автор: DRENSKI Michael Felix, REED Wayne Frederick
Принадлежит:

Devices and methods for controlling the properties of chemical species during time-dependent processes. A device includes a reactor for containing one or more chemical species of a time-dependent process, an extraction pump for automatically and continuously extracting an amount of the one or more chemical species from the reactor, one or more detectors for measuring property changes of the one or more extracted chemical species and generating a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during a time interval, and a process controller configured to fit the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point and make one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point. 131-. (canceled)32. A method comprising:introducing, in a reactor, one or more chemical species to be monitored during a time-dependent process;detecting, using one or more detectors, one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species over a time interval;receiving, from the one or more detectors, a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during the time interval;fitting, using a process controller, the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point; andmaking, by the process controller, one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the one or more process decisions comprise any one of terminating of the time-dependent process claim 32 , recovering the reactor contents claim 32 , proceeding to a subsequent reaction or processing stage in the same or a different reactor.34. The method of claim 32 , further comprising fitting ...

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Номер записи: 16
17-01-2019 дата публикации

Catalyst Transfer Pipe Plug Detection

Номер: US20190015806A1
Автор: Gellaboina Mahesh Kumar, Lattanzio Louis A.
Принадлежит:

Apparatuses and methods are disclosed for detecting catalyst transfer pipe plugging in a chemical plant or petrochemical plant or refinery. The catalyst transfer pipe may extend from a reactor to a catalyst collector and enable the flow of catalyst from the reactor to the catalyst collector. Specifically, one or more sensors affixed to a catalyst transfer pipe may collect sensor data for analysis. Based on one or more detected changes in the sensor data outside a range, a data collection platform may send one or more alerts and/or send one or more signals to a control platform to adjust a flow rate, a pressure differential, or perform another action to clear a developing catalyst buildup and thereby attempt to avoid a catalyst transfer pipe from becoming plugged. 1. A system for detecting catalyst-transfer-pipe plugging , the system comprising:a reactor configured for a dehydrogenation process, wherein the reactor is configured for use with a solid catalyst;a catalyst collector comprising a valve, the catalyst collector configured to collect the solid catalyst;a catalyst transfer pipe extending from the reactor to the catalyst collector, the catalyst transfer pipe configured to enable flow of the solid catalyst from the reactor to the catalyst collector;one or more sensors affixed to an outside of the catalyst transfer pipe; and one or more processors; and', receive sensor data collected by the one or more sensors affixed to the catalyst transfer pipe;', 'analyze the sensor data to determine a flow rate through the catalyst transfer pipe; and', 'based on analyzing the sensor data to determine the flow rate through the catalyst transfer pipe, transmit a command to adjust the flow rate through the catalyst transfer pipe by adjusting the valve of the catalyst collector., 'non-transitory computer-readable memory storing executable instructions that, when executed, cause the computing device to], 'a computing device comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 17
28-01-2021 дата публикации

EFFICIENT OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20210024438A1
Автор: Cizeron Joel, LAKHAPATRI Satish, McCormick Jarod, Patel Bipinkumar, Radaelli Guido, Rafique Humera A., Scher Erik C., Vuddagiri Srinivas
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) systems for small scale and world scale production of olefins. An OCM system may comprise an OCM subsystem that generates a product stream comprising C compounds and non-C impurities from methane and an oxidizing agent. At least one separations subsystem downstream of, and fluidically coupled to, the OCM subsystem can be used to separate the non-C impurities from the C compounds. A methanation subsystem downstream and fluidically coupled to the OCM subsystem can be used to react Hwith CO and/or COin the non-C impurities to generate methane, which can be recycled to the OCM subsystem. The OCM system can be integrated in a non-OCM system, such as a natural gas liquids system or an existing ethylene cracker. 1. A method for producing hydrocarbon compounds including two or more carbon atoms (C compounds) , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2+', '2', '6', '2', '4', '4, '(a) performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction in an OCM reactor to produce an OCM effluent stream comprising carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO), hydrogen (H), one or more C compounds including ethane (CH) and ethylene (CH), and methane (CH);'}(b) directing the OCM effluent stream to a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) system;(c) with the HRSG system, transferring heat from the OCM effluent stream to a water stream to produce steam;{'sub': 2+', '2', '2', '4, '(d) separating the OCM effluent stream into a first stream comprising at least some of the one or more C compounds and a second stream comprising CO, CO, H, and CH,'}wherein the method has a carbon efficiency of at least about 50%.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising directing the OCM effluent stream to a cracking unit prior to step (b).3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising directing a stream comprising CHto the cracking unit claim 2 , wherein the stream comprising CHis external to the OCM reactor.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 18
01-02-2018 дата публикации

BOILING WATER REACTOR

Номер: US20180028997A1
Автор: BOE Michael, Wix Christian
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

The invention relates to a boiling water reactor for an exothermal reaction. The reactor comprises reactant by-pass inserts arranged on top of the upper tube sheet to provide for a catalyst layer on top of the upper tube sheet and also a cooling stream of reactant by-passing the upper layer of catalyst and cooling the upper tube sheet from the temperature rise due to the exothermal reaction taking place in the upper layer of catalyst. 2. Boiling water reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one reactant by-pass insert comprises a plurality of single tube inserts with a lower end diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the top end of the reaction tubes and means for fixing said tube inserts to the top end of the reaction tubes.3. Boiling water reactor according to claim 2 , wherein said fixing means comprises a top part of the tube inserts with an outer dimension larger than the inner diameter of the top end of the reaction tubes claim 2 , whereby the tube inserts are fixed to the top end of the reaction tubes by means of gravity.4. Boiling water reactor according to claim 2 , wherein said fixing means comprises a plurality of bulges.5. Boiling water reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the top part of the tube inserts is hexagon in shape.6. Boiling water reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one reactant by-pass insert comprises a tray of assembled tube inserts for holding catalyst and insertion into the top end of the reaction tubes and apertures in the tray for by-pass of the reactant.7. Boiling water reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the area of the annulus between the lower end of the at least one reactant by-pass insert and the top of the upper tube sheet is adapted to control the amount of reactant by-pass into the reaction tubes.8. Boiling water reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising insertion rings for mounting around the lower end of the at least one reactant by-pass insert claim 1 , wherein said insertion ...

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Номер записи: 19
02-02-2017 дата публикации

HYDROCARBON SYNTHESIS METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20170029711A1
Автор: Greuel Peter G., McNeff Clayton V., McNeff Larry C., Nowlan Daniel Thomas, Yan Bingwen
Принадлежит:

Embodiments of the invention include apparatus and systems for hydrocarbon synthesis and methods regarding the same. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method for creating a hydrocarbon product stream comprising reacting a reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst inside of a reaction vessel to form a product mixture, the reaction mixture comprising a carbon source and water. The temperature inside the reaction vessel can be between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius and the pressure inside the reaction vessel can be above supercritical pressure for water. In an embodiment, the invention includes an extrusion reactor system for creating a hydrocarbon product stream. The temperature inside the extrusion reactor housing between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius. Pressure inside the reaction vessel can be above supercritical pressure for water. Other embodiments are also included herein. 1. A method for creating a hydrocarbon product stream comprising:reacting components of a reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a product mixture, the reaction mixture comprising a carbon source and water, wherein the reaction takes place inside a reaction vessel;wherein the temperature inside the reaction vessel is between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius and the pressure inside the reaction vessel is above supercritical pressure for water;wherein the catalyst comprises a metal oxide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture includes at least about 50% water by mass.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon source includes one or more selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids claim 1 , fatty acids claim 1 , triglycerides claim 1 , and carbohydrates.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel is part of an extrusion system.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a metal oxide that is stable at temperatures above 450 degrees Celsius in the presence of supercritical ...

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Номер записи: 20
31-01-2019 дата публикации

MACROPOROUS CATALYST FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALIPHATIC AMINES

Номер: US20190031596A1
Автор: DIAZ-MAROTO CARPINTERO Javier, Leconte Philippe, OCAMPO Fabien, YE Shengyin
Принадлежит: Rhodia Operations

A process for the preparation of aliphatic amines, comprises reacting an aliphatic alcohol with an aminating agent in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst contains copper oxide on a support made of porous alumina, wherein the porous alumina has a volume, corresponding to pores greater than 500 Å in diameter, of from 10 ml/100 g to 95 ml/100 g. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the porous alumina has a volume claim 1 , corresponding to pores greater than 500 Å in diameter claim 1 , of from 20 ml/100 g to 95 ml/100 g.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the porous alumina has a volume claim 1 , corresponding to pores greater than 500 Å in diameter claim 1 , of from 30 ml/100 g to 95 ml/100 g.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the porous alumina has a specific surface area of from 10 m/g to 280 m/g.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the porous alumina has a specific surface area of from 50 m/g to 280 m/g.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst further comprises a compound of at least one element selected from Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Ba and rare earth metals.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises from 5 wt % to 50 wt % of copper oxide claim 1 , weight percentage based on the total weight of the catalyst.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic alcohol and the aminating agent are mixed together with a flow of hydrogen and the mixture is continuously introduced into a reaction zone claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the aliphatic alcohol/the aminating agent/the hydrogen is in the range of from 1:1:5 to 1:2:20.10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of the aliphatic alcohol/the aminating agent/the hydrogen is in the range of from 1:1:5 to 1:1.2:15.11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature of from 150° C. to 350° C.12. ...

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Номер записи: 21
24-02-2022 дата публикации

GRAPHENE MANUFACTURING DEVICE AND GRAPHENE MANUFACTURING METHOD USING SAME

Номер: US20220055001A1
Автор: JANG Bong Kyun, JUNG Hyun June, Kim Jae Hyun, Kim Kyung Sik, Kwak Jun Hyuk, LEE Hak Joo, Park Hyun Sung, PARK Jong Jin, WON Se Jeong
Принадлежит:

A graphene manufacturing device using Joule heating includes: a chamber having a space provided therein so as to synthesize graphene; and a first roller portion and a second roller portion disposed inside the chamber to be spaced from each other such that same support a catalyst metal penetrating the interior of the chamber and are supplied with an electric current for graphene synthesis, thereby Joule-heating the catalyst metal. In order to compensate for a temperature deviation of the catalyst metal passing between the first roller portion and the second roller portion, a first area of the catalyst metal, which is close to the first roller portion, and a second area of the catalyst metal, which is close to the second roller portion, are disposed to have movement paths facing each other. 1. A graphene manufacturing device comprising:a chamber having an inner space for graphene synthesis; anda first roller unit and a second roller unit disposed in the chamber with a distance therebetween, supporting a catalytic metal passing through an inside of the chamber, and heating the catalytic metal by Joule heating using electric current supplied thereto for graphene synthesis,wherein a first region of the catalytic metal close to the first roller unit and a second region of the catalytic metal close to the second roller unit are positioned to have respective movement paths facing each other to compensate for temperature variation in the catalytic metal passing through a section between the first roller unit and the second roller unit.2. The graphene manufacturing device according to claim 1 , wherein the first region and the second region have the respective movement paths facing each other as the catalytic metal sags between the first roller unit and the second roller unit.3. The graphene manufacturing device according to claim 2 , further comprising:a displacement sensor disposed below the first roller unit and the second roller unit and detecting whether a sagging length ...

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Номер записи: 22
18-02-2021 дата публикации

METHANATION REACTOR AND METHOD

Номер: US20210046441A1
Автор: GALLANDAT NORIS, ZÜTTEL ANDREAS
Принадлежит:

The present relates to a chemical reactor comprising a catalyst bed enclosed in a reactor vessel and at least one cooling tube placed in the reactor vessel and passing through the catalyst bed, characterized in that the cooling tubes are disposed within the reactor so as to generate thermal gradients of at least 20° C./cm thereby generating hot spots throughout the reactor upon carrying out a reaction. The invention further relates to a methanation process. 121-. (canceled)22. A chemical reactor comprising a catalyst bed enclosed in a reactor vessel and at least one cooling tube placed in the reactor vessel and passing through the catalyst bed , characterized in that the cooling tubes are disposed within the reactor so as to generate thermal gradients of at least 20° C./cm thereby generating hot spots throughout the reactor upon carrying out a reaction.23. The chemical reactor according to claim 22 , characterized in that the catalysts comprises at least one of nickel claim 22 , cobalt and ruthenium based catalysts.24. The chemical reactor according to claim 22 , characterized in that the catalysts comprises 20% wt. Ni/AlOor 3% wt. Ru/AlO.25. The chemical reactor according to claim 22 , characterized in that it comprises at least two cooling tubes.26. The chemical reactor according to claim 22 , characterized in that the minimal distance between the tubes is not less than 1.5 times the tube diameter.27. The chemical reactor according to claim 22 , characterized in that the minimal distance between the tubes is not less than 2 times the tube diameter.28. The chemical reactor according to claim 22 , characterized in that the temperature of the cooling medium is different in the different tubes.29. The chemical reactor according to claim 22 , characterized in that the tubes are fed with a cooling medium.30. The chemical reactor according to claim 22 , characterized in that the thermal gradients are at least 100° C./cm.31. The chemical reactor according to claim 22 , ...

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Номер записи: 23
18-02-2016 дата публикации

JOINT DESIGN FOR SEGMENTED SILICON CARBIDE LINER IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

Номер: US20160045880A1
Автор: Miller Matthew J., Onstot William J., Spangler Michael V., Stupin Walter J., Zeininger Gerald A.
Принадлежит: REC SILICON INC

Segmented silicon carbide liners for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material are disclosed, as well as methods of making and using the segmented silicon carbide liners. Non-contaminating bonding materials for joining silicon carbide segments also are disclosed. One or more of the silicon carbide segments may be constructed of reaction-bonded silicon carbide. 1. A segmented silicon carbide liner for a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material , comprising:a first silicon carbide segment having a first segment upper edge surface defining one of an upwardly opening first segment depression or an upwardly extending first segment protrusion;a second silicon carbide segment located above and abutted to the first silicon carbide segment, the second silicon carbide segment having a second segment lower edge surface defining a downwardly opening second segment depression if the first segment upper edge surface defines an upwardly extending first segment protrusion or a downwardly extending second segment protrusion if the first segment upper edge surface defines an upwardly opening first segment depression, the protrusion being received within the depression and having smaller dimensions than the depression such that the surface of the depression is spaced apart from the surface of the protrusion and a space is located between the protrusion and the depression; anda volume of bonding material comprising a lithium salt, the bonding material disposed within the space between the protrusion and the depression.2. The segmented silicon carbide liner of claim 1 , wherein:the first silicon carbide segment comprises a first tubular wall having an annular upper surface, the first segment upper edge surface being at least a portion of the annular upper surface, and the first segment depression is a groove that is defined by and extends along at least a portion of the first segment upper edge surface or ...

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Номер записи: 24
14-02-2019 дата публикации

METHOD FOR CO-PRODUCTION OF 1-CHLORO-3,3,3-TRIFLUOROPROPENE, 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE AND 1,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE

Номер: US20190047925A1
Автор: HONG Jiangyong, OUYANG Hao, Pan Hao, Wang Aiguo, Yang Bo, Yu Guojun, Zhang Yan, Zhao Yang
Принадлежит:

This invention discloses a method for co-production of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. This method includes inputting the mixed gases of hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane together with 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene into a first reactor for a reaction to obtain a reaction product; directly inputting the reaction product into a second reactor to perform a reaction in the presence of a catalyst; separating hydrogen chloride from the obtained product; obtaining 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene respectively after water washing, alkaline washing, drying and rectifying. This invention has the advantages of flexible production, simple process, small investment, low energy consumption and high conversion rate. 17-. (canceled)8. A method for co-production of 1-chloro-3 ,3 ,3-trifluoropropene , 2 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene and 1 ,3 ,3 ,3-tetrafluoropropene , the method comprising:{'sup': '−1', '(a) preheating and then directing hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane into a first reactor in a molar ratio of 9:1-15:1, wherein the first reactor comprises an upper section filled with an aluminum oxide supported chromium metal catalyst and a lower section filled with a chromic oxide supported indium metal catalyst, wherein the hydrogen fluoride and the 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane are reacted in the upper section of the first reactor at a temperature of 200-400° C. and at an air flow rate of 300-1,000 h, and a product from the upper section enters the lower section of the first reactor to continuously react with the 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropane to obtain a first reaction product of the first reactor, wherein a molar ratio of the 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropane to the hydrogen fluoride in the lower section of the first reactor is 3:9-5:9;'}{'sup': '−1', '(b) directly directing the first reaction product of the first reactor into a second reactor ...

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Номер записи: 25
14-02-2019 дата публикации

METHOD OF SIMULTANEOUSLY PREPARING 1,1,1-TRIFLUORO-2-CHLOROPROPENE AND 1,1,1,2-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE USING GAS PHASE CATALYST

Номер: US20190047926A1
Автор: Cho ook jae, JUNG Jin A, Kim Bong Seok, Kim Dae Woo, Park Dong Hyuk, Park Su Jin
Принадлежит:

Disclosed is a method of simultaneously preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloropropene and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene, the method including i) a step of elevating a temperature of a reactor charged with a gas phase catalyst up to a reaction temperature; ii) a step of feeding 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane and 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane into the reactor, the temperature of which has been elevated; iii) a step of performing dehydrochlorination while maintaining the temperature of the reactor; and iv) a step of performing washing and distillation after the dehydrochlorination. In accordance with the present disclosure, a high-efficient gas-phase process of continuously, simultaneously preparing 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloropropene and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene is provided. 1. A method of simultaneously preparing 1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-2-chloropropene and 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoropropene , the method comprising:i) elevating a temperature of a reactor charged with a gas phase catalyst up to a reaction temperature;ii) feeding 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,3-dichloropropane and 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane into the reactor, the temperature of which has been elevated;iii) performing dehydrochlorination while maintaining the temperature of the reactor; and 'wherein the gas phase catalyst is a catalyst in which a metal is supported on a support, the support is selected from activated carbon, activated alumina, or a molecular sieve, and the metal is selected from the group consisting of Zn, Pd, Pt, Sb, V, Sn, and Bi.', 'iv) performing washing and distillation after the dehydrochlorination: and'}2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal is Zn.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein a Zn content in the gas phase catalyst is 1 to 20% by weight.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a reaction temperature of the reactor is 300 to 400° C.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein an inflow rate of 1 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,1- ...

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Номер записи: 26
23-02-2017 дата публикации

Manufacture of Methylolalkanes with Augmented Heat Transfer and Improved Temperature Control

Номер: US20170050907A1
Автор: Brooks Howard W., Frey Guido D., Gaytan Fred, Hunt Tracy Kevin, Nowotny Norman, Raff Donald K., Schroeder Marcos, Slinkard William E., Stone Michael J., Strutz Heinz
Принадлежит:

A multistage tubular reaction system and method for preparing methylol derivatives of an aldehyde includes a tubular reaction system with a plurality of successive reactor stages comprising a plurality of jacketed reaction tubes provided with a cooling system adapted to control flow of a cooling medium through said jacketed reaction tubes. The cooling medium flow is controlled independently in different stages in response to temperature measurements in the reaction system to regulate temperature. In order to further reduce temperature spikes and byproduct generation, aldehyde is stepwise added to the production stream at a plurality of feed ports proximate to reaction tubes equipped with tube inserts to enhance mixing and heat transfer. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the production stream is fed to a plurality of tubular reaction sections provided with tube inserts following addition of the Cor higher condensable aldehyde and/or base.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said tube inserts are displacement flow inserts.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said tube inserts are wire-wrapped tube inserts.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there is provided a cooling control system adapted to control temperature and flow of a cooling medium claim 1 , and the flow of the cooling medium is independently controlled in different stages of the reaction system in response to temperature measurements in respective stages.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said tubular reaction system with a plurality of reaction stages includes tubular reaction sections jacketed with a cooling medium.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the methylolalkane is trimethylolpropane and the aldehyde which is condensable with formaldehyde is n-butyraldehyde.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the methylolalkane is neopentyl glycol and the aldehyde which is condensable with formaldehyde is isobutyraldehyde.10. The method according to ...

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Номер записи: 27
10-03-2022 дата публикации

METHOD FOR MONITORING AND CONTROLLING A POLYMERIZATION PROCESS

Номер: US20220072499A1
Автор: ARICH DE FINETTI Nicolo, BOCCHINO MARCO, Caputo Tiziana, Mazzucco Antonio
Принадлежит: BASELL POLIOLEFINE ITALIA S.R.L.

A method for monitoring and controlling the polymerization in a polymerization vessel by using a camera viewing unit to (a) detect features of the polymer particles, or the particles' environment, (b) compare the features to pre-defined acceptable values of these features or the environment, and (c) if a variation from the pre-defined values is detected, act on process parameters to reduce or eliminate the variation. 1. A method for monitoring and controlling the polymerization in a polymerization vessel containing polymer particles and comprising one or more camera viewing units capable of viewing the interior of the polymerization vessel , comprising the steps of:a. detecting one or more features relating to the polymer particles or the particles' environment by the camera viewing units;b. comparing the one or more features to pre-defined values of the features to detect a variation from the pre-defined values; andc. if the variation from the pre-defined values of the features is detected, acting on one or more process parameters to reduce or eliminate the variation.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of detecting one or more features relating to the polymer particles or the particles' environment claim 1 , involves a feature selected from the group consisting of:i. morphology of the polymer particles;ii. opacity of the polymer particles;iii. temperature of stathe polymer particles;iv. velocity of the polymer particles;v. presence of liquid in the environment of the polymer particles;vi. fill level of the polymerization vessel containing the polymer particles; andvii. polymer concentration.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:a. detecting the feature relating to the morphology of the polymer particles comprises capturing, by the camera viewing units, one or more images of the particles and detecting the size of the polymer particles from the images;b. comparing the images of the polymer particles to reference images having pre-defined, ...

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Номер записи: 28
10-03-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR PREPARING CHLORSILANES

Номер: US20220073357A1
Автор: RIMBOECK Karl-Heinz
Принадлежит: Wacker Chemie AG

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing chlorosilanes in a fluidized bed reactor by reaction of a hydrogen and silicon tetrachloride-containing reaction gas with a particulate contact mass containing silicon and a catalyst. The chlorosilanes have the general formula HSiCland/or HClSi. The reactor design is described by an index K1, the constitution of the contact mass is described by an index K2 and the reaction conditions are described by an index K3. 118-. (canceled)20. The process of claim 19 , wherein K1 has a value of 3 to 18 claim 19 , preferably of 4 to 16 claim 19 , or particularly preferably of 6 to 12.21. The process of claim 19 , wherein K2 has a value of 0.005 to 100 claim 19 , preferably of 0.01 to 25 claim 19 , or particularly preferably of 0.02 to 15.22. The process of claim 19 , wherein K3 has a value of 0.5 to 10 000 claim 19 , preferably of 3 to 3000 claim 19 , or particularly preferably of 5 to 1000.23. The process of claim 19 , wherein the effective reactor volume Vis 5 to 200 m claim 19 , preferably 10 to 150 m claim 19 , or particularly preferably 20 to 100 m.24. The process of claim 19 , wherein the hydraulic plant diameter dis 0.75 to 2m or preferably 0.8 to 1.5m.25. The process of claim 19 , wherein the pressure drop over the fluidized bed pis 30 claim 19 ,000 to 150 claim 19 ,000 kg/m*sor preferably 50 claim 19 ,000 to 120 claim 19 ,000 kg/m*s.26. The process of claim 19 , wherein the particle Sauter diameter dis 50 to 1500 μm claim 19 , preferably 100 to 1000 μm claim 19 , or particularly preferably 200 to 800 μm.27. The process of claim 19 , wherein the breadth of the particle size distribution of the contact mass Bis 100 to 1000 μm or preferably 300 to 800 μm.28. The process of claim 19 , wherein the relative catalyst distribution in the contact mass δis 0.005 to 5 or preferably 0.01 to 2.5.290. The process of claim 19 , wherein the catalyst is selected from the group of Fe claim 19 , Al claim 19 , Ca claim 19 , Ni ...

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Номер записи: 29
01-03-2018 дата публикации

PROCESSES AND COMPOSITIONS FOR TOLUENE METHYLATION IN AN AROMATICS COMPLEX

Номер: US20180057420A1
Автор: AITANI Abdullah Mohammed, Al-Khattaf Sulaiman Saleh, ARUDRA Palani, Fayad Elie Jean, Fazal Atif, JAHEL Ali, Negiz Antoine
Принадлежит:

This present disclosure relates to processes and compositions for toluene methylation in an aromatics complex for producing paraxylene. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a process for producing paraxylene which includes alkylating a toluene stream and a methanol stream in a toluene methylation zone operating under toluene methylation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a MFI crystal to produce a toluene methylation product stream. 1. A process for producing paraxylene comprising alkylating a toluene stream and a methanol stream in a toluene methylation zone operating under toluene methylation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising an MFI crystal , alone or bound to any another material , to produce a toluene methylation product stream.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst includes MFI crystals with a framework silica to alumina ratio of about 50 to about 10 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 , more preferably about 100 to about 6 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 , or even more preferably about 500 to about 3 claim 1 ,000.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the toluene methylation conditions include a temperature of about 250° C. to about 750° C. claim 1 , more preferably between about 350° C. and about 650° C. claim 1 , even more preferably between about 400° C. and about 600° C.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the toluene methylation conditions include a pressure of about 1 Barg to about 100 Barg claim 1 , more preferably between about 1 Barg to about 50 Barg claim 1 , even more preferably between 2 Barg to about 30 Barg.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the toluene methylation product stream has a benzene to total xylene molar ratio of less than 1 claim 1 , or preferably less than 0.5 claim 1 , or more preferably less than 0.16. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the catalyst includes MFI crystals with a framework silica to alumina ratio of 2000.7. The process according to claim ...

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Номер записи: 30
04-03-2021 дата публикации

CO2 HYDROGENATION IN REVERSE FLOW REACTORS

Номер: US20210061656A1
Автор: "ONeal Everett J.", Gatt Joseph E., Skoulidas Anastasios I.
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods are provided for hydrogenation of COin a reverse flow reactor environment via a reverse water gas shift reaction. A reverse flow reactor environment is suitable for performing endothermic reactions at high temperatures, where a reactant flow is passed into the reactor in a first portion of the cycle in a first flow direction while a combustion or heating flow is passed into the reactor during a second portion of the reaction cycle from the opposite direction. This can allow for efficient heating of surfaces within the reactor to provide heat for the endothermic reverse water gas shift reaction while reducing or minimizing incorporation of combustion products into the desired reaction products. 1. A method for performing a reaction in a reverse flow reactor , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'reacting a fuel mixture comprising fuel, 0.1 vol % or more of O, and a diluent under combustion conditions in a combustion zone within a reverse flow reactor to form a flue gas and to heat a conversion zone to an average conversion zone temperature of 400° C. or more, the conversion zone comprising a catalyst composition; and'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'exposing a reactant stream comprising 5.0 vol % to 50 vol % CO, 20 vol % or more H, and a ratio of Hto COof 2.0 or more, to the catalyst composition in the conversion zone under reverse water gas shift reaction conditions to form a product stream comprising HO and CO, a direction of flow for the reactant stream within the reaction zone being reversed relative to a direction of flow for the fuel mixture.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactant stream comprises a ratio of Hto COof 3.0 or more.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactant stream comprises 10 vol % or more CO.4. The method of claim 3 , the method further comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'mixing a synthesis gas feed comprising 10 vol % or more COwith an H-containing stream to form the reactant stream.'}5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 31
22-05-2014 дата публикации

Biomass storage system

Номер: US20140138109A1
Автор: Jordin T. Kare, Lowell L. Wood, JR., Roderick A. Hyde, Tony S. Pan, William D. Duncan
Принадлежит: ELWHA LLC

An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material.

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Номер записи: 32
05-03-2015 дата публикации

External steam reduction method in a fluidized catalytic cracker

Номер: US20150065759A1
Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham
Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present disclosure generally relates to methods to reduce the external steam supplied to a fluidized catalytic cracker by injecting a stream comprising a water-containing renewable fuel oil into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker.

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Номер записи: 33
05-03-2015 дата публикации

Fluidized catalytic cracker riser quench system

Номер: US20150065760A1
Автор: Barry A. Freel, Robert G. Graham
Принадлежит: Ensyn Renewables Inc

The present application generally relates to a riser quench system comprising a quench line and one or more quench injecting ports for injecting a renewable fuel oil into the riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker co-processing a renewable fuel oil and a petroleum fraction as reactants.

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Номер записи: 34
28-02-2019 дата публикации

Systems for selective naphtha reforming

Номер: US20190062650A1
Автор: Clark A. Miller, Edward C. WEINTROB, Sundararajan Uppili, Tushar V. Choudhary
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

Systems for reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock, where the system is operable to selectively reform different sub-components of the hydrocarbon feedstock using at least two structurally-distinct reforming catalysts. Advantages may include a decreased rate of reforming catalyst deactivation and an increased yield of a liquid hydrocarbon reformate product that is characterized by at least one of an increased octane rating and a decreased vapor pressure compared to the liquid hydrocarbon reformate product of conventional one-step reforming systems.

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Номер записи: 35
17-03-2022 дата публикации

SEMICONDUCTOR LENS OPTIMIZATION OF FABRICATION

Номер: US20220082733A1
Автор: CARSON Richard F., JOSEPH John R., WARREN Mial E., WILCOX Thomas A.
Принадлежит:

Embodiments comprise a system created through fabricating a lens array through which lasers are emitted. The lens array may be fabricated in the semiconductor substrate used for fabricating the lasers or may be a separate substrate of other transparent material that would be aligned to the lasers. In some embodiments, more lenses may be produced than will eventually be used by the lasers. The inner portion of the substrate may be formed with the lenses that will be used for emitting lasers, and the outer portion of the substrate may be formed with lenses that will not be used for emitting lasers—rather, through etching these additional lenses, the inner lenses may be created with a higher quality. 112-. (canceled)13. A lens array , comprising:a plurality of lenses; anda plurality of lasers,wherein the lens array comprises an inner portion with a first set of lenses and an outer portion with a second set of lenses, the second set of lenses is positioned adjacent to and surrounds the first set of lenses, and the first set of lenses is surrounded by lenses of either the first set of lenses or the second set of lenses,wherein each laser among the plurality of lasers is aligned or misaligned with a respective lens in the first set of lenses, such that respective beams of the plurality of lasers are incident on respective lenses in the first set of lenses, andwherein no lasers are physically aligned or misaligned with any of the lenses in the second set of lenses.14. The lens array of claim 13 , wherein the lens array is circular in configuration.15. The lens array of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of lasers are positioned on an opposite side of a substrate from the lens array.16. The lens array of claim 15 , wherein the substrate is deposited with a thick material claim 15 , the thick material having a thickness that serves as a protective height barrier and prevent scratches.17. The lens array of claim 13 , wherein a first laser claim 13 , of the plurality of lasers ...

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Номер записи: 36
08-03-2018 дата публикации

MINIMIZING COKE FORMATION IN A REACTOR STRIPPER

Номер: US20180066195A1
Автор: Karime Mustapha N.
Принадлежит:

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to systems and methods for catalyst regeneration. In particular, the presently disclosed subject matter provides for an integrated fluidized bed reactor and catalyst regeneration system to minimize hydrocarbon accumulation. In one embodiment, the presently disclosed subject matter provides for a fluidized bed reactor unit including a catalyst riser having a partially perforated surface in close proximity to a reactor stripper. 1. A catalyst reaction and regenerator system , comprising:a fluidized bed reactor comprising: 'a reactor stripper in close proximity to the partially perforated surface of the catalyst riser; and', 'a catalyst riser having a partially perforated surface; and'}a catalyst regenerator having at least two transfer lines to the fluidized bed reactor.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein one of the transfer lines connects the catalyst riser to the catalyst regenerator.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein one of the two transfer lines connects the reactor stripper and the catalyst regenerator.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the perforated surface of the catalyst riser does not allow more than about 5% to about 10% of a catalyst to flow inside the catalyst riser from the reactor stripper.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the partially perforated surface of the catalyst riser minimizes coke formation.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a second reactor.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the second reactor is connected to the fluidized bed reactor by a transfer line.8. A method of regenerating catalyst claim 6 , comprising: generating a chemical product in the presence of a catalyst in the catalyst riser;', 'separating the chemical product from the catalyst in the catalyst riser;', 'feeding the catalyst from the catalyst riser to the reactor stripper;', 'transferring the catalyst from the reactor stripper to a catalyst regenerator through a transfer line; and, 'feeding a ...

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Номер записи: 37
17-03-2016 дата публикации

QUANTITATIVE CATALYST SUPPLY DEVICE

Номер: US20160074822A1
Автор: Han Hyun-Sik, HAN Sang-Yun, NA Seung Chul
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a quantitative catalyst supply device that supplies a predetermined amount of catalyst slurry through an injection port formed through a container bottom. The quantitative catalyst supply device includes: an extendible supply pipe connected to a hopper and filled with catalyst slurry; a head connected to the supply pipe and supplying catalyst slurry to the injection port at the container bottom; a cylinder connected to a side of the supply pipe and supplying a predetermined amount of catalyst slurry through the head; and valve units disposed in an upper portion and a lower portion of the supply pipe spaced from the cylinder and opened or closed by operation of the cylinder. 1. A quantitative catalyst supply device that supplies a predetermined amount of catalyst slurry through an injection port formed through a container bottom , the device comprising:an extendible supply pipe connected to a hopper and filled with catalyst slurry;a head connected to the supply pipe and supplying catalyst slurry to the injection port at the container bottom;a cylinder connected to a side of the supply pipe and supplying a predetermined amount of catalyst slurry through the head; andvalve units disposed in an upper portion and a lower portion of the supply pipe spaced from the cylinder and opened or closed by operation of the cylinder.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the valve units include:a first valve body and a second valve body disposed at the upper and lower portions in the supply pipe spaced from the cylinder and moved up and down in the supply pipe by the cylinder; a first inlet and a second inlet formed under the first and second valve bodies and opened and closed by the first and second valve bodies; anda first outlet and a second outlet formed over the first and second valve bodies, having a diameter larger than the diameters of the first and second valve bodies, and allowing catalyst slurry to flow when the cylinder is operated.3. The ...

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Номер записи: 38
15-03-2018 дата публикации

OPERATION OF FLUIDIZED BED REACTORS BY OPTIMIZING TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS VIA PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CONTROL

Номер: US20180072577A1
Автор: Chew Jia Wei, Zou Baisheng
Принадлежит:

A method of improving the operation of polysilicon fluidized bed reactors is disclosed. The present disclosure is directed to the optimization of axial temperature gradients in gas-solid fluidized bed systems. Varying the width of the particle size distribution in the reactor alters the temperature gradient within the reactor, thereby providing a means of a better control of internal temperature profiles and hence better reactor performance. 1. A method of controlling the axial temperature gradient of a polysilicon fluidized bed reactor having a distributor plate and a core bed , the method comprising:adding polysilicon seeds having a pre-determined particle size distribution into the core bed of the fluidized bed reactor;measuring the width of the particle size distribution of granules in the bed, wherein the granules consist of a mixture of newly added seeds and previously added seeds, the previously added seeds having grown and/or shrunk in size;adjusting the frequency of seed addition into the reactor to change the width of the particle size distribution of the granules in the bed such that the temperature in the fluidized bed reactor is from about 1000° F. to about 1300° F. when the granules are at a normalized height of from about 0.4 to about 1.0 in the core bed;depositing silicon from a thermally decomposable compound onto the previously added and newly added seeds; andwithdrawing a polysilicon product from the bed.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the width of the particle size distribution of the granules in the bed is determined from the ratio of standard deviation (σ) of mass-weighted particle size distribution to the Sauter mean diameter (dsm).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein seeds are added to the reactor from about every 60 minutes to about every 600 minutes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the newly added polysilicon seeds have pre-determined particle sizes ranging from about 50 μm to about 600 μm.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the width of ...

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Номер записи: 39
24-03-2022 дата публикации

SALT-FREE PRODUCTION OF METHIONINE FROM METHIONINE NITRILE

Номер: US20220089534A1
Автор: BILZ Jürgen, Borgmann Cornelia, GEIST Lucas, Jakob Harald, Körfer Martin, REUS Christian, ROST Daniel
Принадлежит: EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH

The invention refers to the use of a particulate catalyst containing 60.0 to 99.5 wt. % ZrOstabilised with an oxide of the element Hf and at least one oxide of the element M, wherein M=Ce, Si, Ti, or Y, for the hydrolysis reaction of methionine amide to methionine, wherein the median particle size xof the particulate catalyst is in the range of from 0.8 to 9.0 mm, preferably of from 1.0 to 7.0 mm. The invention also refers to a process for preparing methionine comprising a step of contacting a solution or suspension comprising methionine amide and water with said particulate catalyst to provide a reaction mixture comprising methionine and/or its ammonium salt from which methionine can be isolated. 1. A method of catalyzing the hydrolysis reaction of methionine amide to methionine , the method comprising contacting a solution or suspension comprising methionine amide and water with a particulate catalyst to produce a reaction mixture comprising methionine ,wherein the particulate catalyst comprises:{'sub': '2', '#text': '60.0 to 99.5 wt. % ZrO;'}an oxide of the element Hf; andat least one oxide of the element M, wherein M=Ce, Si, Ti, or Y,{'sub': '2', '#text': 'wherein the ZrOis stabilized by the oxide of the element Hf and the at least one oxide of the element M, and'}{'sub': '50', '#text': 'wherein the median particle size xof the particulate catalyst is in the range of from 0.8 to 9.0 mm.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the element M=Si claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , or Y.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particle size xof the particulate catalyst is in the range of from 0.5 to 8.0 mm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulate catalyst comprises 0.1 to 40 wt. % of oxides of the elements Hf claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , Si claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , and Y.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particulate catalyst comprises:{'sub': ['2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2'], '#text': '0.5 to 3.0 wt. % HfOand at least one selected from the group consisting of 0.1 to 40 wt. % TiO, ...

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Номер записи: 40
24-03-2022 дата публикации

CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF POLYSTYRENE INTO AROMATIC RICH LIQUID PRODUCT USING SPHERICAL CATALYST

Номер: US20220089831A1
Автор: KANATTUKARA Bineesh Vijayan, Kapur Gurpreet Singh, RAMAKUMAR Sankara Sri Venkata, SINGH Dheer, Singh Gurmeet
Принадлежит: INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

The present invention provides a process of catalytic depolymerization of polystyrene involving a spherical catalyst, an apparatus for carrying out the depolymerization, recovering the aromatic rich liquid product and recycling the catalyst without any decrease in the catalytic performance. Further, the present invention provides that the aromatic rich liquid product includes styrene, xylene, benzene, ethyl benzene, with styrene content greater than 65%. Additionally, the catalyst involved in the depolymerization process is a spherical catalyst that is easily recovered from coke/char formed during the process and is recycled and reused without any decrease in the catalytic performance. 1. A process of catalytic depolymerization of polystyrene , the process comprising:(a) adding a polystyrene feed and a catalyst into a reactor, wherein the catalyst and the feed are added together, or the feed is added first followed by the catalyst, or the feed is added into the reactor containing the catalyst; wherein the catalyst is a spherical catalyst;(b) mixing of the feed with the catalyst in the reactor to obtain a mixture and heating the mixture at a rate ranging from 3 to 20° C./min in an inert atmosphere for generating vapor;(c) passing the vapor from the reactor to a condenser to obtain a condensate, wherein a heating tape is connected to a temperature controller in the reactor to prevent condensation of the vapor before entering the condenser; and(d) routing the condensate from the condenser to a liquid product collection flask and passing un-condensable gases from the condenser through a scrubber; wherein the liquid product is present in an amount ranging from 85% to 90% by weight comprising styrene in an amount ranging from 65% to 71% by weight of the liquid product.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the feed is a styrene rich polymer waste comprising styrene in an amount ranging from 20% to 100% by weight claim 1 , wherein the styrene rich polymer is ...

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Номер записи: 41
05-03-2020 дата публикации

Design of an Ethylene Oligomerization/Trimerization/Tetramerization Reactor

Номер: US20200071243A1
Автор: KREISCHER Bruce E.
Принадлежит:

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 into 5 in, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr)(gal) to 6.0 (lb)(hr)(gal). 1. A process comprising:periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system;oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product; andperiodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system;wherein the reaction system comprises: a total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system; and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect thermal contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium;{'sup': −1', '−1', '−1', '−1, 'wherein an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.5 (lb)(hr)(gal) to 6.0 (lb)(hr)(gal); and'}{'sup': −1', '−1, 'wherein a ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area ...

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Номер записи: 42
31-03-2022 дата публикации

MEASUREMENT APPARATUS FOR MEASURING AXIAL TEMPERATURE PROFILES IN A REACTOR TUBE

Номер: US20220097015A1
Автор: BRUDER Frank, DAVID MARION, Gary Daniel, ULBER Dieter
Принадлежит:

Described herein are a measurement apparatus for measuring axial temperature profiles in a reactor tube, a connecting piece for connecting the reactor tube to a feed pipe configured as a thermal stress compensator for a reaction input stream and for lateral introduction of a multipoint thermocouple into the reactor tube, the use of the connecting piece/measurement apparatus for measuring axial temperature profiles in a reformer tube for steam reforming of hydrocarbons and a process for installing the measurement apparatus. 1. A connecting piece for connecting a reactor tube to a feed pipe configured as a thermal stress compensator for a reactor input stream and for lateral introduction of a multipoint thermocouple into the reactor tube , comprising:(a) a first cylindrical or frustoconical section having a first end pointing towards a circular entry end of the reactor tube, wherein the first end of the connecting piece has the same internal diameter as the entry end of the reactor tube or as a tubular insulation piece introduced into the entry end of the reaction tube and wherein the first section of the connecting piece is gastightly connectable to the entry end of the reactor tube,(b) a second cylindrical or frustoconical section having a second end pointing towards a circular exit end of the feed pipe, wherein the second end of the connecting piece has the same internal diameter as the exit end of the feed pipe and is gastightly connectable thereto,(c) at least one transition piece gastightly connectable to the first and the second section of the connecting piece,(d) wherein the constituents (a), (b) and (c) have a circular cross section and a longitudinal axis through the respective circle center point, wherein the constituents are arranged one behind the other with their longitudinal axes in alignment and thus coincide on a common longitudinal axis,(e) a guide tube laterally attached to one of the constituents (a), (b) and (c), gastightly connected to the ...

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Номер записи: 43
23-03-2017 дата публикации

Polyethylene production with multiple polymerization reactors

Номер: US20170081436A1
Автор: Catherine M. Gill, Elizabeth Ann Benham, Joel A. Mutchler, Maruti Bhandarkar, Rebecca A. Gonzales, Scott E. Kufeld, Thanh T. Nguyen, Timothy O. Odi
Принадлежит: Chevron Phillips Chemical Co LP

A system and method for discharging a transfer slurry from a first polymerization reactor through a transfer line to a second polymerization reactor, the transfer slurry including at least diluent and a first polyethylene. A product slurry is discharged from the second polymerization reactor, the product slurry including at least diluent, the first polyethylene, and a second polyethylene. The velocity, pressure drop, or pressure loss due to friction in the transfer line is determined, and a process variable adjusted in response to the velocity, pressure drop, or pressure loss not satisfying a specified value.

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Номер записи: 44
05-05-2022 дата публикации

PREPARATION METHOD FOR CERAMIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL, CERAMIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL, AND WAVELENGTH CONVERTER

Номер: US20220135487A1
Автор: Li Qian, XU Yanzheng
Принадлежит: APPOTRONICS CORPORATION LIMITED

Provided is a ceramic composite material and a wavelength converter. The ceramic composite material includes: an alumina matrix, a fluorescent powder uniformly distributed in the alumina matrix, and scattering centers uniformly distributed in the alumina matrix, wherein the alumina matrix is an alumina ceramics, the scattering centers are alumina particles, the alumina particles each have a particle diameter of 1 μm to 10 μm, and the fluorescent powder has a particle diameter of 13 μm to 20 μm.

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Номер записи: 45
19-03-2020 дата публикации

Methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions

Номер: US20200086288A1
Автор: Scott Laine
Принадлежит: Nanotech Energy Inc

Provided herein are methods, devices and systems for processing of carbonaceous compositions. The processing may include the manufacture (or synthesis) of oxidized forms of carbonaceous compositions and/or the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced forms of oxidized carbonaceous compositions. Some embodiments provide methods, devices and systems for the manufacture (or synthesis) of graphite oxide from graphite and/or for the manufacture (or synthesis) of reduced graphite oxide from graphite oxide.

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Номер записи: 46
12-05-2022 дата публикации

CONTINUOUS FLOW SYSTEM FOR THE PRODUCTION AND PURIFICATION OF BIODIESEL

Номер: US20220143567A1
Автор: BJARNASON Eirikur, INGOLFSSON Oddur, INGOLFSSON Sigurdur, MATTHIASSON Asgeir
Принадлежит: YMIR TECHNOLOGIES EHF.

Provided is a system and method for producing and purifying biodiesel. In particular, the system comprises a tandem arrangement of at a modular biodiesel reactor and a continuous flow separation and purification unit. The system can further comprise an evaporation unit that is placed between the biodiesel reactor and the continuous flow separation and purification unit. 1. A continuous flow biodiesel production and purification system comprising a tandem arrangement comprising at least one continuous flow modular biodiesel reactor unit and at least one continuous flow separation and purification unit , wherein the modular biodiesel reactor unit comprises a plurality of contact plates , providing adjacent reactant channel and thermal channel for reactant mixture and thermal media for temperature control , respectively.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the continuous flow separation and purification unit is arranged in one column that comprises at least one separation section claim 1 , at least one wet washing section and at least one dry washing/purification section.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel reactor unit comprises a plurality of contact plates wherein surfaces of said contact plates provide catalytic activity for esterification and/or transesterification of free fatty acids and or transesterification of glycerides in said reactant channel provided by the contact plates for the reactant mixture.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the biodiesel reactor comprises a plurality of contact plates coated with at least one esterification and/or transesterification catalyst for catalyzing esterification of free fatty acids and or transesterification of glycerides.5. The system according to claim 4 , wherein the contact plates are arranged such that alternating coated sides face each other forming said reactant channel and two non-coated sides face each other forming said thermal channel claim 4 , such that reactants flow ...

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Номер записи: 47
28-03-2019 дата публикации

EFFICIENT IN-SITU CATALYST SULFIDING METHODS AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20190091678A1
Автор: ROBINSON James Maxie, ROBINSON James Michael
Принадлежит:

A system and method is disclosed for efficiently sulfiding metal catalyst resident in a reactor vessel comprises a sulfiding module and a hydrogen sulfide detection module and a remote computer all arranged and configured to communicate wirelessly and to allow remote control and monitoring of the modules and sulfiding process. 1. A system for sulfiding a metal catalyst , comprising: a sulfur product inlet and outlet,', 'a sulfur product measurement device,', 'a sulfur product pressurization device having a variably controllable output,', 'a controller in electrical communication with at least the measurement device and pressurization device, and', 'a first communication device configured to transmit information between the module and an external site;, 'a mobile sulfur supply module comprising'} an inlet and outlet,', 'a hydrogen sulfide concentration detection device located between the inlet and outlet,', 'a hydrogen gas concentration detection device located between the inlet and the outlet,', 'and', 'a second communication device configured to transmit information between the hydrogen sulfide detection device and the external site and between the hydrogen gas detection device and the external site., 'a mobile detection module comprising'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the external site is a laptop computer.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the external site is a website on the Internet.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressurization device comprises a pump.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the pump comprises an AC motor and a variable frequency drive.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pressurization device comprises a compressor.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the compressor comprises an AC motor and a variable frequency drive.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sulfur product measurement device comprises a multi-parameter fluid measurement device.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the fluid measurement device is configured to determine ...

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Номер записи: 48
28-03-2019 дата публикации

METHODS OF MONITORING AND CONTROLLING THE MELT INDEX OF A POLYOLEFIN PRODUCT DURING PRODUCTION

Номер: US20190092886A1
Автор: JR. DANIEL N., Lynn Timothy R., Savatsky Bruce J., Thomas
Принадлежит: UNIVATION TECHNOLOGIES, LLC

Methods for producing polyolefin polymers may use a predictive melt index regression to estimate the melt index of the polyolefin during production based on the composition of the gas phase and, optionally, the concentration of catalyst in the reactor or reactor operating conditions. Such predictive melt index regression may include multiple terms to account for concentration of ICA in the reactor, optionally concentration of hydrogen in the reactor, optionally concentration of comonomer in the reactor, optionally the catalyst composition, and optionally reactor operating conditions. One or more terms may independently be represented by a smoothing function that incorporates a time constant. 1. A method comprising:providing a predictive melt index regression derived at least in part on data from a previous production run of a first polyolefin having a first melt index formed by reacting an olefin monomer with a catalyst system in the presence of an induced condensing agent (ICA) and optionally hydrogen, wherein the predictive melt index regression is based on an effect of a concentration of the ICA in the reactor and optionally an effect of a concentration of hydrogen in the reactor on the melt index of the first polyolefin, and wherein a smoothing function using a time constant represents the concentration of the ICA in the predictive melt index regression;contacting in a fluidized bed gas phase reactor the olefin monomer with the catalyst system in the presence of an ICA and optionally hydrogen to produce a second polyolefin having a second melt index;monitoring a reactor ICA concentration and optionally a reactor hydrogen concentration;calculating a predicted melt index for the second polyolefin using the predictive melt index regression based on a change to the reactor ICA concentration; andadjusting the reactor ICA concentration based on the predicted melt index to maintain the second melt index within or move the second melt index to within a melt index ...

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Номер записи: 49
14-04-2016 дата публикации

CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS FOR THE TREATMENT OF A FRACTION HAVING A LOW CONRADSON CARBON RESIDUE

Номер: US20160101397A1
Автор: Bories Marc, Leroy Patrick
Принадлежит: TOTAL RAFFINAGE MARKETING

Process for the fluidized-bed catalytic cracking of a weakly coking feedstock having a Conradson carbon residue equal to or less than 0.1% by weight and a hydrogen content equal to or greater than 12.7% by weight, comprising at least a step of cracking the feedstock, a step of separating/stripping the effluents from the coked catalyst particles and a step of regenerating said particles, the process being characterized in that at least one coking, carbonaceous and/or hydrocarbonaceous effluent having a content of aromatic compounds of greater than 50% by weight, comprising more than 20% by weight of polyaromatic compounds, is recycled to homogeneously distributed and weakly coked catalyst, before regeneration, in order to adjust the delta coke of the process. 112.-. (canceled)13. Plant for implementing a process for fluidized bed catalytic cracking , comprising at least a main reactor and optionally at least a secondary reactor , at least a disengager and a stripper , and a single-stage or multistage regenerator , characterized in that the stripper contains , level with a dense catalyst bed , at least one zone equipped with at least one structured packing element positioned upstream of a device for dispersing a coking fraction with respect to circulation of a stream of catalyst particles , wherein said structured packing element(s) are formed by interlacing plates , strips or fins constituting a screen , said screen occupying less than 10% of the area of flow cross section in a vessel in which it is placed , but covering , in projection on said section , the entire area thereof.14. Plant according to claim 13 , characterized in that the stripper contains at least two zones equipped with at least one structured packing element that are associated with two fluid-dispersing devices claim 13 , one for dispersing coking fractions claim 13 , the other for dispersing stripping fluid claim 13 , these devices being located downstream of said structured packing elements ...

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Номер записи: 50
12-04-2018 дата публикации

Process for Producing Paraxylene by Methylation of Benzene and/or Toluene

Номер: US20180099913A1
Автор: Seth M. Washburn, Tan-Jen Chen
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc

A process is described for producing paraxylene, in which an aromatic hydrocarbon feedstock comprising benzene and/or toluene is contacted with an alkylating reagent comprising methanol and/or dimethyl ether in an alkylation reaction zone under alkylation conditions in the presence of an alkylation catalyst to produce an alkylated aromatic product comprising xylenes. The alkylation catalyst comprises a molecular sieve having a Constraint Index≤5, and the alkylation conditions comprise a temperature less than 500° C. Paraxylene may then be recovered from the alkylated aromatic product.

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Номер записи: 51
13-04-2017 дата публикации

Flow reactor synthesis of polymers

Номер: US20170101508A1
Автор: Andrew M. Zweig, Patrick John Kinlen
Принадлежит: Boeing Co

A flow reactor system and methods having tubing useful as polymerization chamber. The flow reactor has at least one inlet and at least one mixing chamber, and an outlet. The method includes providing two phases, an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase and forming an emulsion for introduction into the flow reactor.

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Номер записи: 52
21-04-2016 дата публикации

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS OR INTERMEDIATES THEREOF FROM A SOLID MATERIAL, AND USING SUCH COMPOUNDS AND INTERMEDIATES

Номер: US20160107136A1
Автор: Byl Oleg, Jones Edward E., Pydi Chiranjeevi, Sweeney Joseph D.
Принадлежит: ENTEGRIS, INC.

An apparatus is described, as including a reaction region for contacting a reactant gas with a reactive solid under conditions effective to form an intermediate product, and an opening for allowing an unreacted portion of the gaseous reagent and the intermediate product to exit the reaction region. The apparatus can be beneficially employed to form a final product as a reaction product of the intermediate product and the reactant gas. The reaction of the reactant gas and reactive solid can be conducted in a first reaction zone, with the reaction of the reactant gas and intermediate product conducted in a second reaction zone. In a specific implementation, the reaction of the reactant gas and intermediate product is reversible, and the reactant gas and intermediate product are flowed to the second reaction zone at a controlled rate or in a controlled manner, to suppress back reaction forming the reactive solid. 1. An apparatus comprising:a reaction chamber for contacting a gaseous reagent with a solid material under temperature and pressure conditions effective to form an intermediate species;a plurality of openings along a surface of the reaction chamber for allowing an unreacted portion of the gaseous reagent and the intermediate species to exit the reaction chamber; anda reduced temperature region configured to receive the unreacted portion of the gaseous reagent and the intermediate species exiting the reaction chamber and effect reaction between the intermediate species and the unreacted portion of the gaseous reagent to form an end product.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the reduced temperature region comprises a cold trap configured to effect condensation and reaction of the gaseous reagent and intermediate species to form the end product.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the cold trap comprises extended surface structure(s) configured to increase surface area for condensation.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of openings have size ...

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Номер записи: 53
21-04-2016 дата публикации

SUSTAINED SUPER-SATURATIONS FOR CONDENSATIONAL GROWTH OF PARTICLES

Номер: US20160107137A1
Автор: Hering Susanne Vera, Lewis Gregory Stephen, Spielman Steven Russel
Принадлежит: Aerosol Dynamics Inc.

An apparatus and method for creating enlarged particles in a flow. The apparatus includes a coiled tube having a tube diameter and a coil diameter, the tube having an input receiving the flow and an output, the tube having a length between the input and the output. A heater heats a first portion of the tube along a first, longitudinal portion of the tube, and a cooler cools a second, longitudinal portion of the tube along at least a second portion of the tube. The method includes heating a first portion of the tube along a first longitudinal portion of the tube, and simultaneously cooling a second portion of the tube along at least a second longitudinal portion of the tube. While heating and cooling, the method includes introducing a flow into an interior of the tube at an input, the flow moving the output. 1. An apparatus adapted to create enlarged particles in a flow , comprising:a coiled tube having an inner surface defining a tube cross-section, the coiled tube having a coil diameter, the tube having an input receiving the flow and an output, the tube having a length between the input and the output;a heater configured to heat the tube along a first longitudinal portion of the tube cross-section, the first longitudinal portion of the tube cross-section having a first arcuate position relative to a cross-section of the tube along the length of the tube; anda cooler configured to cool the tube along at least a second longitudinal portion of the tube cross-setion, the second longitudinal portion of the tube cross-section having a second arcuate position relative to a cross-section of the tube along the length of the tube.2. The apparatus of wherein the interior surface is adapted to be wetted with a condensing fluid.3. The apparatus of wherein the tube has a circular cross-section claim 1 , and each of the first portion of the tube and the second portion of the tube has an arc length in a range of 130-170° claim 1 , the first portion of the tube and the second ...

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Номер записи: 54
20-04-2017 дата публикации

COMPOSITE METAL CATALYST COMPOSITION, AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREPARING 1,4-CYCLOHEXANEDIMETHANOL USING SAME

Номер: US20170107164A1
Автор: CHA Mi Sun, CHOI Seong Hwan, CHOI Young Heon, KIM Seong Min, PARK Hyun Woo, Park Sung Joon, SEO Young Jong
Принадлежит: LOTTE CHEMICAL CORPORATION

Disclosed are a composite metal catalyst composition capable of increasing efficiency and economic feasibility of a reaction through simplification of a reaction process, and providing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol with high purity for a shorter time while minimizing byproducts; and a method and apparatus for preparing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol with high purity using the same. The present invention provides a composite metal catalyst composition for converting an aromatic dicarboxylic acid into an alicyclic diol compound, the composition containing: a first metal catalyst including a palladium (Pd) compound; and a second metal catalyst including a ruthenium (Ru) compound, a tin (Sn) compound, and a platinum (Pt) compound, and a method and apparatus for preparing 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol using the same. 1. A composite metal catalyst composition which converts an aromatic dicarboxylic acid to an alicyclic diol compound by comprising a first metal catalyst including a palladium (Pd) compound; and a second metal catalyst including a ruthenium (Ru) compound , a tin (Sn) compound , and a platinum (Pt) compound.2. A method of preparing 1 ,4-cyclohexanedimethanol , the method comprising reducing terephthalic acid in the presence of a composite metal catalyst composition which comprises a first metal catalyst including a palladium (Pd) compound; and a second metal catalyst including a ruthenium (Ru) compound , a tin (Sn) compound , and a platinum (Pt) compound.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reducing of the terephthalic acid is performed in the presence of the first metal catalyst claim 2 , and comprises reducing a reduction product of the terephthalic acid in the presence of the second metal catalyst.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the second metal catalyst comprises the ruthenium (Ru) compound claim 3 , the tin (Sn) compound claim 3 , and the platinum (Pt) compound in a weight ratio of 1:0.8 to 1.2:0.2 to 0.6.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the reducing of the ...

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Номер записи: 55
29-04-2021 дата публикации

DUAL STAGE LIGHT ALKANE CONVERSION TO FUELS

Номер: US20210122687A1
Автор: Ghonasgi Dhananjay, Marda Jonathan, Pansare Sourabh, Xie Hong, YAO Jianhua
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

A process and system for the conversion of a feedstock comprising C3-C5 light alkanes to a C5+ hydrocarbon product, for example, a BTX-rich hydrocarbon product, by performing the alkane activation (first-stage) and the oligomerization/aromatization (second-stage) in separate stages, which allows each conversion process to occur at optimal reaction conditions thus increasing the overall hydrocarbon product yield. The alkane activation or first-stage is operated at a higher temperature than the second-stage since light alkanes are much less reactive than light olefins. Since aromatization of olefins is more efficient at higher pressure, the second-stage is maintained at a higher pressure than the first-stage. Further, fixed-bed catalysts are used in each of the first-stage and the second-stage. 1. A method for converting light hydrocarbon feedstock to produce liquid transportation fuels , the method comprising:contacting a light hydrocarbon feedstock comprising at least one C3-C5 alkane with a first fixed-bed catalyst in a first-stage conversion reactor to produce a first-stage effluent, wherein reaction conditions in the first-stage conversion reactor comprise a first temperature in a range from 400 degrees Celsius to 650 degrees Celsius and a first pressure in a range from 0 psig to 100 psig;separating the first-stage effluent in a first separator to produce a first condensed liquid hydrocarbon comprising at least five carbon atoms, and a gas phase product comprising at least one C2-C4 olefin;contacting the gas phase product with a second fixed-bed catalyst in a second-stage conversion reactor to produce a second-stage effluent, wherein reaction conditions in the second-stage conversion reactor comprise a second temperature lower than the first temperature and in a range from 200 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius and a second pressure in a range from 0 psig to 500 psig; andseparating the second-stage effluent in a second separator to produce a second condensed ...

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Номер записи: 56
28-04-2016 дата публикации

CATALYST REGENERATING METHODS AND APPARATUSES AND METHODS OF INHIBITING CORROSION IN CATALYST REGENERATING APPARATUSES

Номер: US20160114316A1
Автор: Althoff James W., Palmas Paolo, Victor Sanford Allan
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatuses for regenerating catalysts and methods of inhibiting corrosion in catalyst regenerating apparatuses are provided. An exemplary apparatus includes: a metal vessel configured to receive a spent catalyst stream and contact at least a portion of the spent catalyst stream with an oxygen containing environment at a sufficiently high temperature to burn coke present in the spent catalyst stream; a refractory material overlying at least a portion of an inner surface of the metal vessel; and a corrosion inhibiting material in contact with at least a portion of the inner surface of the metal vessel and disposed between the inner surface and at least a portion of the refractory material, wherein the corrosion inhibiting material is heat stable at a temperature of at least up to about 400° F. (about 204° C.) and inhibits contact of an acid environment with the inner surface of the metal vessel. 1. A catalyst regenerating apparatus comprising:a metal vessel having an inner surface and configured to receive a spent catalyst stream and an oxygen-containing gas, and to provide an oxygen containing environment at a sufficiently high temperature to burn coke present on the spent catalyst stream and generate regenerated catalyst, wherein the spent catalyst stream comprises catalyst having coke deposits;a refractory material overlying at least a portion of the inner surface of the metal vessel; anda corrosion inhibiting material overlying at least a portion of the inner surface of the metal vessel and disposed between the inner surface and at least a portion of the refractory material, wherein the corrosion inhibiting material is heat stable at a temperature of at least up to about 400° F. (about 204° C.) and inhibits contact of an acid environment with the inner surface of the metal vessel.2. The catalyst regenerating apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least a region of the metal vessel is configured to receive and accumulate regenerated catalyst.3. The catalyst ...

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Номер записи: 57
09-06-2022 дата публикации

OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION METHOD AND SYSTEM

Номер: US20220177609A1
Автор: Han Guodong, Huang Zhengliang, Jiang Binbo, LIAO Zuwei, SUN Jingyuan, WANG Jingdai, Wang Xiaofei, WU Wenqing, YANG Yao, Yang Yongrong, YE Xiaofeng
Принадлежит:

The present application relates to an olefin polymerization method and system in the field of olefin polymerization. The method combines a supported double catalyst with a series process, introduces a liquid material obtained after heat exchange and gas-liquid separation of a circulation gas flow into a separate first reactor to get into contact with the supported double catalyst for polymerization reaction, and then introduces the reaction material and the first polyolefin generated by reaction into a second reactor to continue polymerization reaction, thereby enabling particles to circulate between first reactor and second reactor, improving mixing effect of two polyolefins with obvious differences in properties, avoiding the occurrence of phase separation, and facilitating the production of polyolefins with excellent performance. At the same time, ethylene gas is introduced into first reactor to further reduce the hydrogen/ethylene ratio, increase the molecular weight of polyethylene and improve the product performance. 1. An olefin polymerization method , comprising the following steps:{'b': '1', 'S, compressing and condensing circulation gas flow comprising an olefin and a condensing agent exported from an outlet of a second reactor to obtain a gas-liquid mixture; carrying out gas-liquid separation of the gas-liquid mixture to obtain a gas material and a liquid material, wherein the liquid material comprises a first liquid material and a second liquid material having the same or different compositions;'}{'b': '2', 'S, conveying the gas material and the first liquid material back to the second reactor for circulation, introducing the second liquid material into a first reactor, simultaneously conveying ethylene and a catalyst into the first reactor, and polymerizing the olefin in contact with the catalyst in the first reactor to form a mixture comprising a first polyolefin;'}{'b': '3', 'S, leading out the mixture comprising the first polyolefin from the first ...

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Номер записи: 58
09-06-2022 дата публикации

PROCESS AND REACTOR ASSEMBLY FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF HYDRODYNAMICS IN A GAS-SOLIDS FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

Номер: US20220177616A1
Автор: Aguayo Arellano Pablo Ivan, Elovainio Erno, Kanellopoulos Vasileios, Nyfors Klaus, Prinsen Eric-Jan, Ruskeeniemi Jari-Jussi, Salminen Juha, Tupe Ravindra, VAHTERI Markku, Weickert Günter
Принадлежит:

A process for polymerizing olefin monomer(s) in a gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor comprising a top zone; a middle zone, which comprises a top end in direct contact with said top zone and which is located below said top zone, the middle zone having a generally cylindrical shape; and a bottom zone, which is in direct contact with a bottom end of the middle zone and which is located below the middle zone; comprising the following steps: introducing a fluidization gas stream into the bottom zone; polymerizing olefin monomer(s) in the presence of a polymerization catalyst in a dense phase formed by particles of a polymer of the olefin monomer(s) suspended in an upwards flowing stream of the fluidization gas in the middle zone; introducing a jet gas stream through one or more jet gas feeding ports in a jet gas feeding area of the middle zone at the dense phase in the middle zone of the gas-solids olefin polymerization reactor; wherein the kinetic energy (E) input in the reactor by the jet stream is between 1.5 and 50 times higher than the kinetic energy (E) input in the reactor by the fluidization gas stream (FG). 2186. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fluidization gas is removed from the top zone () of the reactor and at least a part of the fluidization gas is introduced into the jet gas stream () and into the fluidization stream ().35. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the jet gas stream (JG) fed through at least one of the one or more jet gas feeding ports () is provided by a flash pipe (FP) from a preceding reactor claim 1 , preferably a reactor for polymerizing polypropylene claim 1 , more preferably a loop reactor for polymerizing polypropylene.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the jet gas stream (JG) is cooled to yield a partially condensed jet gas stream and wherein the fluidization gas stream (FG) is not condensed.568. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the fluidization gas stream (FG) in the first line () and ...

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Номер записи: 59
18-04-2019 дата публикации

MULTITUBULAR REACTOR FOR LIQUID PHASE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENATION AND METHOD FOR LIQUID PHASE ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENATION

Номер: US20190112249A1
Автор: Chen Jingjing, Wu Dan, Wu Naixin, Zhao Suying, ZHENG Huidong
Принадлежит: FUZHOU UNIVERSITY

The invention relates to a multitubular reactor for dehydrogenation of liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation and a method of liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation. Most of the alcohol dehydrogenation reaction is endothermic reaction, the reaction temperature is high and the equilibrium conversion rate is low. 110-. (canceled)11. A multitubular reactor for liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation , comprising:a reactor shell;a plurality of tubes spaced within the reactor shell, wherein the tubes are made of a gas selectively permeable membrane, which is permeable to hydrogen and oxygen but impermeable to liquid molecules, and wherein one end of the tubes is a liquid phase alcohol inlet, and another end of the tubes is a dehydrogenation product outlet;a dehydrogenation catalyst being provided inside the tubes;an oxidation catalyst being provided outside the tubes and in the reactor shell;at least one oxygen membrane tube disposed in the reactor shell, wherein one end of the oxygen membrane tube is an oxygen inlet, and another end of the oxygen membrane tube is closed; andan oxidation product outlet disposed on the reactor shell.12. The multitubular reactor for liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation of claim 11 , wherein the gas selectively permeable membrane is made of a molecular sieve claim 11 , silica claim 11 , carbon claim 11 , ceramics claim 11 , porous stainless steel or a composite formed by two or more thereof.13. The multitubular reactor for liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation of claim 11 , wherein the dehydrogenation catalyst is filled in the form of particles within the tubes claim 11 , and the dehydrogenation catalyst comprises:a supported noble metal and a support thereof, wherein the noble metal is Pd, Pt, Ru or Au, and the support is a metal oxide, a molecular sieve, a carbon material or an organic polymer; anda non-noble metal, wherein the non-noble metal is Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, Co, Cr or V.14. The multitubular reactor for liquid phase alcohol dehydrogenation of ...

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Номер записи: 60
13-05-2021 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR THE OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

Номер: US20210139392A1
Автор: Cizeron Joel, Fan Rong, GRAUER David C., LAKHAPATRI Satish, MARTENS Franciscus J.A., McCormick Jarod, Radaelli Guido, Rosenberg Daniel, Sheridan David, TURK Gregory J., Zurcher Fabio R.
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for producing olefins via an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process. The systems and methods may comprise the use of a staged process comprising at least one non-adiabatic section that is in thermal communication with a heat transfer medium and at least one substantially adiabatic section. The systems and methods may also comprise the use of a diluent stream which may improve methane conversion in an OCM reactor and an ethylene/ethane ratio in a post-bed cracking unit. The methods and systems may further comprise injecting oxygen (O) and a paraffin into a gas stream containing a radical transfer agent to provide a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture may be held in a vessel for a time period greater than an auto-ignition delay time (AIDT), such that the reaction mixture may ignite to liberate heat and convert to a product mixture comprising olefins. 1. A method for producing an olefin , the method comprising:{'sub': 4', '2, '(a) producing a gas stream comprising methane (CH), oxygen (O), and a diluent; and'}{'sub': 4', '2+, '(b) passing the gas stream over an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst at a pressure of at least 2 bar(g) to convert at least some of the CHinto hydrocarbon compounds having two or more carbon atoms (C compounds),'}wherein a ratio of diluent molecules to carbon atoms in the gas stream is at least 0.1:1.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diluent comprises water (HO).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diluent comprises carbon dioxide (CO).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diluent comprises HO and CO.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of diluent molecules to carbon atoms in the gas stream is at least 0.5:1.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of diluent molecules to carbon atoms in the gas stream is at most 20:1.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of diluent molecules to carbon atoms in the gas stream is from 0.1:1 to 5:1.8. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 61
03-05-2018 дата публикации

Freezing temperature controllable spray freezing tower for preparing micron-sized spherical ice particles

Номер: US20180120012A1
Автор: Duo WU, Jie Xiao, Shengyu ZHANG, Xiaodong Chen, Zhangxiong WU, Zhenkai LIAO
Принадлежит: SUZHOU UNIVERSITY

A freezing temperature controllable spray freezing tower for preparing micron-sized spherical ice particles includes a tower body, an atomization system, a material feeding system, a circulatory air supplying system, a refrigeration system and a tower wall cooling and thermal insulation system. An air storage cavity is formed at a top of the tower body, a freezing chamber is formed inside the tower body, a material collecting chamber is formed at a bottom of the tower body. The atomization system is in communication with the air storage cavity, the material feeding system is in communication with the atomization system, the circulatory air supplying system is in communication with the bottom of the freezing chamber and the refrigeration system respectively, the refrigeration system is connected to the air storage cavity and a tower wall of the tower body. Thus the operation is convenient and simple.

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Номер записи: 62
25-04-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING YIELDS OF HYDROCARBON FUELS FROM ALCOHOLS

Номер: US20190119579A1
Автор: Hannon John R., Wyman Charles E.
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods are provided that permit temperature control of a catalyst bed for conversion of alcohols to fuel hydrocarbons by modulating the water content of the alcohol feed stream provided to the catalyst bed. Heat generated by exothermic reactions in the catalyst bed can be utilized to pre-heat the alcohol feed stream. In some embodiments a secondary catalyst bed is provided for the conversion of light hydrocarbons found in the initial hydrocarbon product to fuel hydrocarbons that are liquid at ambient temperature and pressure. 135.-. (canceled)36. A method for controlling temperature in a catalyst bed comprising:providing a catalyst bed configured to process alcohol to a fuel hydrocarbon mixture;providing a first flow of a first stream comprising the alcohol;directing a second flow of a second stream comprising water into the first stream to produce a third stream, wherein the third stream is directed to the catalyst bed; andmodulating the first flow or the second flow to modulate water content of the third stream to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired temperature range.37. The method of claim 36 , further comprising the step of generating temperature data characterizing temperature of the catalyst bed.38. The method of claim 37 , further comprising the steps of:providing the temperature data to a controller;within the controller, using an algorithm to determine a flow rate of either the first flow or the second flow necessary to maintain temperature of the catalyst bed within a desired range; andtransmitting an instruction from the controller to a flow control device to modulate flow rate of either the first flow or the second flow.39. The method of claim 36 , wherein a mean temperature within the desired temperature range is from 200° C. to 600° C. claim 36 , and wherein the mean temperature is surrounded by a temperature range selected from the group consisting of ±20° C. claim 36 , ±30° C. claim 36 , ±40° C. claim 36 , ±50° C. ...

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Номер записи: 63
16-04-2020 дата публикации

METHODS OF PRODUCING LINEAR ALPHA OLEFINS

Номер: US20200115296A1
Автор: Al-Shahrani Dafer Mubarak, Azam Shahid, Meier Tobias, Meiswinkel Andreas, Müller Wolfgang, Noack Ralf, Schmaderer Harald, Wöhl Anina, Zander Hans-Jörg
Принадлежит:

A method of producing linear alpha olefins includes: introducing a catalyst stream and a first solvent stream to a reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a distributor; introducing a second solvent stream above the distributor, wherein the catalyst stream, the first solvent stream, and the second solvent stream form a reaction solution; introducing a feed stream to the reactor; passing the feed stream through the distributor; and passing the feed stream through the reaction solution, producing an oligomerization reaction forming the linear alpha olefins. 1. A method of producing linear alpha olefins , comprising:introducing a catalyst stream and a first solvent stream to a reactor, wherein the reactor comprises a distributor;introducing a second solvent stream above the distributor, wherein the catalyst stream, the first solvent stream, and the second solvent stream form a reaction solution;introducing a feed stream to the reactor;passing the feed stream through the distributor; andpassing the feed stream through the reaction solution, producing an oligomerization reaction forming the linear alpha olefins.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst stream comprises a chromium source claim 1 , a modifier claim 1 , a ligand claim 1 , an organoaluminum compound claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent stream and/or the second solvent stream comprises an alkane claim 1 , an aromatic hydrocarbon claim 1 , an olefin claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a bubble column reactor.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent stream is introduced to a top portion of the reactor.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein an operating temperature within the reactor is 30° C. to 120° C.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein an operating pressure within the reactor is 2 claim 1 ,000 kiloPascals to 4 claim 1 ,000 kiloPascals ...

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Номер записи: 64
27-05-2021 дата публикации

Design of an Ethylene Oligomerization/Trimerization/Tetramerization Reactor

Номер: US20210155562A1
Автор: KREISCHER Bruce E.
Принадлежит:

A process includes periodically or continuously introducing an olefin monomer and periodically or continuously introducing a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system, oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture to form an oligomer product, and periodically or continuously discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system. The reaction system includes a total reaction mixture volume and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium. A ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system is in a range from 0.75 into 5 in, and an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.0 (lb)(hr)(gal) to 6.0 (lb)(hr)(gal). 1. A reaction system for oligomerizing an olefin monomer , the reaction system comprising:one or more reaction system inlets configured to periodically or continuously introduce an olefin monomer, a catalyst system or catalyst system components, or any combination thereof to a reaction mixture within the reaction system;one or more reaction system reaction mixture outlets configured to periodically or continuously discharge a reaction system effluent comprising an oligomer product from the reaction system;a total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system; anda heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area providing indirect thermal contact between the reaction mixture and a heat exchange medium;wherein an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system is between 1.5 lb/hr/gal to 6.0 lb/hr/gal; and{'sup': −1', '−1, 'wherein a ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to the total ...

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Номер записи: 65
25-04-2019 дата публикации

Apparatus and Methods for Treatment of Radioactive Organic Waste

Номер: US20190122779A1
Автор: Mason J. Bradley, Roesener Walter Scott
Принадлежит:

Treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds. An apparatus comprises a reaction vessel comprising a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste and a thermal oxidizer. Utilizing co-reactants to reduce gas phase sulfur and halogen from treatment of wastes. 1. A method for treating radioactive waste comprising organic compounds , and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds , the method comprising:(a) adding radioactive waste comprising organic compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds; and one or more co-reactants to a reaction vessel comprising a filter to form a bed in the lower portion of the reaction vessel comprising a filter;(b) heating the reaction vessel comprising a filter to a temperature of in the range of about 250° C. to about 1050° C. to form pyrolyzed radioactive waste residues and waste gases;(c) agitating, partially fluidizing or jetting the bed of the reaction vessel comprising a filter;(d) optionally, adding a reactive gas to the reaction vessel to gasify carbon in the pyrolyzed waste residues;(e) removing pyrolyzed radioactive waste residues from the reaction vessel comprising a filter for disposal; and(f) transferring the waste gases from the reaction vessel comprising a filter to a thermal oxidizer for combustion;wherein the reaction vessel comprising a filter may optionally be heated to a temperature of in the range of about 250° C. to about 1050° C. prior to step (a).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) may be carried out prior to step (a).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (d) comprises adding a reactive gas to the reaction vessel comprising a filter to gasify carbon in the pyrolyzed waste residues.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the step of adding a reactive gas to gasify carbon in the pyrolyzed waste residues is carried out at a temperature below that which the sulfur- ...

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Номер записи: 66
11-05-2017 дата публикации

METHOD FOR SELF-REGULATION OF A SYSTEM

Номер: US20170128927A1
Автор: GARCIA PALACIOS Javier, Garella Dominik, Lang Tobias, SILVA Viviana
Принадлежит: BASF SE

The invention relates to a method for self-regulation of a system comprising the steps of: 118-. (canceled)19. A method for self-regulation of a system , the method comprising: a. are localized in the control volume by the magnetic field, when said particles have ferromagnetic properties, and transported out of the control volume by a flowing fluid or gravity, when said particles have paramagnetic properties, or', 'b. are transported out of the control volume by the magnetic field, when said particles have ferromagnetic properties, and are localized in the control volume, when said particles have paramagnetic properties, and, '(I) utilizing a magnetic field to transport magnetizable and/or magnetic particles out of a control volume or to localize said particles in the control volume, wherein the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles(II) changing magnetic properties of the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles, which are ferromagnetic or paramagnetic, in the control volume by changing a temperature Tp of the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles or by changing the composition of the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles,wherein at least one chemical reaction is carried out in the control volume.20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the magnetic field is a moving magnetic field.21. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the temperature Tp increases and the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles are transported out of the control volume when their temperature Tp is higher than their Curie temperature Tc.22. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the at least one chemical reaction is an exothermic reaction.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the temperature Tp increases and at least part of the energy for elevating the temperature Tp is liberated by the exothermic reaction.24. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the temperature Tp decreases and the magnetizable and/or magnetic particles are transported out of the control volume ...

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Номер записи: 67
11-05-2017 дата публикации

A PROCESS FOR CONVERTING NATURAL GAS TO HIGHER HYDROCARBON(S)

Номер: US20170129827A1
Автор: Dittrich Christoph
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to a process for converting natural gas to higher hydrocarbon(s) including aromatic hydrocarbon(s) in n reaction zones operated in series, wherein m reaction zones are not participating in the conversion process and only (n−m) reaction zones are operated under reaction conditions sufficient to convert at least a portion of said natural gas to an effluent having said higher hydrocarbon(s). An object of the present invention is to provide a process for converting natural gas to higher hydrocarbon(s) including aromatic hydrocarbon(s) wherein a high reactant, i.e. methane, conversion can be achieved. 1. A process for converting natural gas to higher hydrocarbon(s) including aromatic hydrocarbon(s) in n reaction zones operated in series , wherein m reaction zones are not participating in the conversion process and only (n−m) reaction zones are operated under reaction conditions sufficient to convert at least a portion of said natural gas to an effluent having said higher hydrocarbon(s) , wherein each reaction zone is initially numbered serially with a designator from 1 to n , the process comprising:(a) providing a quantity of catalytic material within each reaction zone;(b) providing to the reaction zone designated as 1 a hydrocarbon feedstock containing natural gas;(c) heating at least a portion of the effluent of the said reaction zone designated as 1 to the inlet temperature of the reaction zone designated as 2, and more generally, heating at least a portion of the effluent of each reaction zone with a designator equal or smaller than (n−m−1) to the inlet temperature of the reaction zone with a designator larger by one than that of the reaction zone from which said effluent originates;(d) transferring said at least portion of said effluent of the said reaction zone designated as 1 to said reaction zone designated as 2, and more generally, transferring said at least portion of said reaction zone with a designator equal or smaller than (n−m ...

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Номер записи: 68
03-06-2021 дата публикации

ONE-STEP FLOW-MEDIATED SYNTHESIS OF CANNABIDIOL (CBD) AND DERIVATIVES

Номер: US20210163387A1
Автор: BEELER Aaron B., BROWN Lauren E., JR. John A., Porco, TRILLES Richard V.
Принадлежит: TRUSTEES OF BOSTON UNIVERSITY

Herein are described apparatus and processes for the preparation of cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and derivatives thereof. The apparatus and processes described can be used for the one-step, flow-mediated synthesis of cannabidiol and derivatives with improved overall yield, material throughput, and product purity relative to batch processes. 4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second compound is (IIA) and Zis CRor the second compound is (IIB) claim 1 , and Rin (IIA) and (IIB) is —COH claim 1 , and wherein the process further comprises a decarboxylation step.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the decarboxylation step comprises continuous flow thermolysis.6. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising diluting the solution comprising CBD or the derivative thereof.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein said diluting produces a two phase solution claim 6 , having a first and second phase claim 6 , wherein the first phase has a higher concentration of CBD or the derivative thereof.8. The process according to claim 7 , further comprising separating the first phase from the second phase.9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein said separating comprises a membrane separation step.10. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising separating CBD or the derivative thereof from the solution comprising the CBD or derivative thereof.11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein separating comprises a membrane separation step.12. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising isolating the CBD or derivative thereof using a method selected from crystallization claim 1 , concentration claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , drying claim 1 , spray drying claim 1 , precipitation claim 1 , chromatographic separation claim 1 , extraction claim 1 , filtering or combinations thereof.14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein Ris XR.15. The process according to claim 13 , wherein Ris alkyl.19. The process according to ...

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Номер записи: 69
21-05-2015 дата публикации

Solution process for the production of ep(d)m elastomers and polymerisation reactor for use in said process

Номер: US20150141591A1
Автор: Gabriele Omicini
Принадлежит: FASTECH Srl

The invention describes a process for the production of EP(D)M in solution in a stirred reactor (CSTR) in which the reaction bath is kept in a boiling condition at a temperature of between 40 and 60° C. and at a pressure of between 0.6 and 1.3 MPa, and in which from 40% to 80% of the reaction heat is removed by boiling the reaction bath and the remaining reaction heat is removed by subcooling the fluids recycled to the reactor. The reactor is provided with a stirring system with three impellers, a device for distribution of the recycled fluids at the bottom of the reactor and a gamma ray level control device.

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Номер записи: 70
30-04-2020 дата публикации

OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Номер: US20200131100A1
Автор: Ajinkya Milind, Cizeron Joel M., Edwards Justin Dwight, McCarty Jon, McCormick Jarod, Schammel Wayne P., Scher Erik C., Sheridan David, Weinberger Sam, Wolfenbarger Julian
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods conducive to the formation of one or more alkene hydrocarbons using a methane source and an oxidant in an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction are provided. One or more vessels each containing one or more catalyst beds containing one or more catalysts each having similar or differing chemical composition or physical form may be used. The one or more catalyst beds may be operated under a variety of conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially adiabatic conditions. At least a portion of the catalyst beds may be operated under substantially isothermal conditions. 115.-. (canceled)16. A system for generating hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms (C hydrocarbons) , comprising:a methane source that provides methane;an oxidant source that provides an oxidant;{'sub': '2+', 'a reaction unit in fluid communication with said methane source and said oxidant source, said reaction unit comprising a catalyst bed that includes at least one oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst, wherein said OCM catalyst facilitates an OCM reaction using said methane from said methane source and said oxidant from said oxidant source to generate said C hydrocarbons, and wherein said catalyst bed has an inlet zone that is contacted by a bulk gas mixture formed upon entry of said methane from said methane source and said oxidant from said oxidant source into said reaction unit; and'} (a) maintain a thermal profile across said catalyst bed during said OCM reaction, which thermal profile is characterized by (i) a temperature of said inlet zone being less than about 550° C., and (ii) a maximum temperature within said catalyst bed being greater than about 800° C.;', '(b) maintain a pressure within said reaction unit greater than about 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig); and', {'sub': '2+', '(c) maintain said OCM reaction within said catalyst bed at a methane conversion of at least about 6% and a C hydrocarbon ...

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Номер записи: 71
30-04-2020 дата публикации

REACTOR LAYOUT FOR METHANOL PRODUCTION FROM LOW QUALITY SYNTHESIS GAS

Номер: US20200131105A1
Автор: Modarresi Hassan
Принадлежит:

A reactor layout for a process of methanol production from low quality synthesis gas, in which relatively smaller adiabatic reactors can be operated more efficiently, some of the inherent disadvantages of adiabatic reactors for methanol production are avoided. This is done by controlling the outlet temperature in the pre-converter by rapid adjustment of the recycle gas, i.e. by manipulating the gas hourly space velocity in the pre-converter. 1. A reactor layout for carrying out the process for methanol production from synthesis gas , said reactor layout comprising:one or more methanol pre-converters/guard reactors, in which the synthesis gas is partially converted to methanol over a heterogeneous catalyst to generate an effluent gas without impurities,a feed-effluent heat exchanger for cooling the effluent gas from the one or more methanol pre-converters/guard reactors, and a main methanol converter for converting a mixture of recycle gas and the cooled effluent gas from the one or more methanol pre-converters/guard reactors,', 'a main feed-effluent heat exchanger,', 'a cooler or a series of coolers,', 'a high pressure gas-liquid separator, which splits the inlet flow into raw methanol and recycle gas,', 'a recycle compressor, and', 'a loop purge., 'a methanol synthesis loop comprising2. The reactor layout according to claim 1 , said reactor layout further comprising means for defining and controlling a maximum allowable outlet temperature using a cold recycle gas stream which is injected into the one or more pre-converters/guard reactors via a control valve.3. The reactor layout according to claim 1 , which has fresh feed gas splitting located on the cold side claim 1 , before the feed-effluent heat exchanger.4. The reactor layout according to claim 1 , which enables on-stream catalyst replacement in the one or more pre-converters/guard reactors. This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 15/749,607, filed on Feb. 1, 2018, which is a 371 of PCT/EP2016/066877, ...

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Номер записи: 72
02-06-2016 дата публикации

Methods and Systems for Producing Ethanol Based Warm Foam Mix Asphalt

Номер: US20160152830A1
Автор: Lee Po-Hua, Nasri Vincent, Yin Huiming
Принадлежит: TheTrustees of Columbia University in the City of New York

Methods and systems for producing warm foam mix asphalt are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: injecting an ethanol additive into asphalt binder having a temperature below the auto ignition point of ethanol to form a foamed asphalt stream; adding the foamed asphalt stream to a mixing zone; adding at least one of aggregate and reclaimed asphalt pavement to the mixing zone; adding a foaming agent to the mixing chamber; heating at least one of the mixing zone and the at least one of aggregate and reclaimed asphalt pavement; mixing the foamed asphalt stream and the at least one of aggregate and reclaimed asphalt pavement to form a warm foam mix asphalt; collecting emissions from the mixing zone, the emissions including ethanol vapors; and recycling the emissions to the mixing zone. 1. A method of producing a warm foam mix asphalt , comprising:injecting a substantially ethanol additive into a stream of asphalt binder having a temperature below the auto ignition point of ethanol to form a foamed asphalt stream including both ethanol and asphalt binder;adding said foamed asphalt stream including both ethanol and asphalt binder to a mixing zone;adding at least one of aggregate and reclaimed asphalt pavement to said mixing zone;heating at least one of said mixing zone and said at least one of aggregate and reclaimed asphalt pavement; andmixing said foamed asphalt stream and said at least one of aggregate and reclaimed asphalt pavement to form a warm foam mix asphalt.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:mixing a predetermined amount of said ethanol additive with said binder until said foamed asphalt stream has a predetermined viscosity and a predetermined volume.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said foamed asphalt stream includes about one to two percent ethanol by mass.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said foamed asphalt stream includes an amount of said ethanol additive that causes it to have a ...

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Номер записи: 73
07-05-2020 дата публикации

Abnormal temperature detection for fixed bed reactors

Номер: US20200140766A1
Автор: Benjamin S. Umansky, Dana W. Nouri, Hans G. Korsten
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Systems and methods are provided for detecting abnormal temperature conditions within a fixed bed reactor. In a fixed bed reactor, a hydrocarbon (or hydrocarbon-like) feedstock can be exposed to one or more types of catalyst particles at elevated temperatures and/or pressures. In addition to the one or more types of catalyst particles, a plurality of temperature-sensor structures can be included in a catalyst bed and/or a coating including one or more temperature-sensor structures can be provided on an interior wall or other interior surface in the reactor. The temperature-sensor structures can have a threshold temperature at which the temperature-sensor structure changes to allow introduction and/or release of a detectable substance.

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Номер записи: 74
14-05-2020 дата публикации

Process for producing lithiated transition metal oxides

Номер: US20200148549A1
Автор: Benjamin Reichman, Martin Lawrence Panchula, William C. Mays
Принадлежит: BASF Corp

Provided are processes for the formation of electrochemically active materials such as lithiated transition metal oxides that solve prior issues with throughput and calcination. The processes include forming the materials in the presence of a processing additive that includes potassium prior to calcination that produces active materials with increased primary particle grain sizes.

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Номер записи: 75
18-06-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBON OIL, FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS REACTION DEVICE, AND HYDROCARBON OIL PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Номер: US20150166900A1
Автор: Tanaka Yuichi
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a process for producing a hydrocarbon oil by performing a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction using a reactor for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis including a reaction apparatus having a slurry containing catalyst particles and a gaseous phase located above the slurry to obtain a hydrocarbon oil, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch reaction is performed while controlling a temperature of the slurry so that a difference T−Tbetween the average temperature Tof the slurry and a temperature Tat the liquid level of the slurry in contact with the gaseous phase is 5 to 30° C. 1. A reactor for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for obtaining a hydrocarbon oil by contacting raw gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a slurry containing catalyst particles , the reactor comprising:a reaction apparatus having the slurry and a gaseous phase located above the slurry;a raw gas feeder for feeding the raw gas to the slurry; and{'sub': 2', '1', '1', '2, 'temperature control means for controlling a temperature of the slurry so that a difference T−Tbetween the average temperature Tof the slurry and a temperature Tat the liquid level of the slurry in contact with the gaseous phase is 5 to 30° C.'}2. A system for producing a hydrocarbon oil claim 1 , comprising the reactor for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis according to . This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/008,033, which is the National Stage of International Application No. PCT/JP2012/057771, filed on Mar. 26, 2012, which claims priority to Japanese Application No. 2011-080611, filed Mar. 31, 2011. The disclosures of each of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/008,033 and PCT/JP2012/057771 are expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.The present invention relates to a reactor for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, a system for producing a hydrocarbon oil, and a process for producing a hydrocarbon oil.Recently, from the viewpoint of reduction in environmental load, eco- ...

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Номер записи: 76
23-05-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PREDICTING AND CONTROLLING THE PROPERTIES OF A CHEMICAL SPECIES DURING A TIME-DEPENDENT PROCESS

Номер: US20190154588A1
Автор: DRENSKI Michael Felix, REED Wayne Frederick
Принадлежит:

Devices and methods for controlling the properties of chemical species during time-dependent processes. A device includes a reactor for containing one or more chemical species of a time-dependent process, an extraction pump for automatically and continuously extracting an amount of the one or more chemical species from the reactor, one or more detectors for measuring property changes of the one or more extracted chemical species and generating a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during a time interval, and a process controller configured to fit the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point and make one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point. 131-. (canceled)32. A method comprising:introducing, in a reactor, one or more chemical species to be monitored during a time-dependent process;detecting, using one or more detectors, one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species over a time interval;receiving, from the one or more detectors, a continuous stream of data related to the one or more property changes to the one or more chemical species during the time interval;fitting, using a process controller, the continuous stream of data to a mathematical function to predict one or more properties of the one or more chemical species at a future time point; andmaking, by the process controller, one or more process decisions based on the prediction of one or more properties at the future time point;wherein the continuous stream of data comprises one or more of UV absorption, visible absorption, infra-red absorption, Raman scattering, fluorescence, reduced viscosity, intrinsic viscosity, dynamic light scattering, static light scattering, Mie scattering, and evaporative light scattering.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 77
16-06-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR CO-PRODUCING C3 OLEFINS, iC4 OLEFINS, nC4 OLEFINS AND DIOLEFINS, AND/OR C5 OLEFINS AND DIOLEFINS

Номер: US20160168052A1
Автор: Brummer Robert John, Schwint Kevin John
Принадлежит:

Processes and systems for producing olefins, including: dehydrogenating a first n-alkane to produce a first effluent; and dehydrogenating at least one of a first isoalkane or a second n-alkane to produce a second effluent. The first and second effluents may be compressed and fed to a common separation train to separate the effluents into two or more fractions. In some embodiments, each of the first and second dehydrogenation reaction zones may include two reactors, one reactor in each of the reaction zones operating in a dehydrogenation cycle, one operating in a regeneration cycle, and one operating in a purge or evacuation/reduction cycle. Operation of the reactors in the dehydrogenation cycle is staggered, such that the purge cycle, regeneration cycle, or evacuation/reduction cycle of the reactors may not overlap. 1. A process for producing olefins , comprising:dehydrogenating a first n-alkane in a first dehydrogenation reaction zone to produce a first effluent comprising at least one of a first n-olefin or a first diolefin;dehydrogenating at least one of a first isoalkane or a second n-alkane in a second dehydrogenation reaction zone to produce a second effluent comprising at least one of a first isoolefin, a second n-olefin, or a second diolefin;compressing the first effluent;compressing the second effluent;feeding the first and second effluents to a common separation train to separate the first and second effluents into two or more fractions.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first n-alkane is propane claim 1 , the at least one of a first n-olefin or a first diolefin is propylene claim 1 , the at least one of a first isoalkane or a second n-alkane is isobutane claim 1 , and the at least one of a first isoolefin claim 1 , a second n-olefin claim 1 , or a second diolefin is isobutene.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first n-alkane is propane claim 1 , the at least one of a first n-olefin or a first diolefin is propylene claim 1 , the at least one of a ...

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Номер записи: 78
14-06-2018 дата публикации

Dehydrogenation of olefin-rich hydrocarbon mixtures

Номер: US20180162791A1
Автор: Guido Stochniol, Robert Franke
Принадлежит: EVONIK DEGUSSA GmbH

The object of the invention is to specify a process for dehydrogenating alkanes in which such feedstock mixtures may be used having a high proportion of olefins, i.e. approximately 1% by weight to 10% by weight. Specifically, alkenes having two to five carbon atoms should be generated from alkanes having the same chain length and therefore the number of carbon atoms should not be changed by the dehydrogenation. The process is intended to be feasible on an industrial scale. A basic concept of the invention consists of hydrogenating alkenes present in the feedstock mixture to the corresponding alkanes before they come into contact with the dehydrogenation catalyst. An undesired coke deposit is thus avoided. The hydrogenation is effected by minimal addition of hydrogen (80% to 120% of the stoichiometrically required amount). The hydrogenation is effected either over a hydrogenation catalyst specifically provided therefor, which differs from the dehydrogenation catalyst, or over the dehydrogenation catalyst itself.

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Номер записи: 79
25-06-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR SEPARATING HEAVY METALS FROM PHOSPHORIC STARTING MATERIAL

Номер: US20150175423A1
Автор: HERMANN Ludwig, Lohrberg Dirk, Schneider Guenter, Stegemann Bertold
Принадлежит:

A process for separating heavy metals from a phosphoric starting material includes, in a step (i), heating the starting material to a temperature between 700 and 1,100° C. in a first reactor and withdrawing combustion gas. In a step (ii), the heated starting material at the temperature between 700 and 1,100° C. is transferred to a second reactor, chlorides of alkaline and earth alkaline metals are added and process gas is withdrawn. 113-. (canceled)14. A process for separating heavy metals from a phosphoric starting material , the process comprising:(i) heating the starting material to a temperature between 700 and 1,100° C. in a first reactor and withdrawing combustion gas; and(ii) transferring the heated starting material at the temperature between 700 and 1,100° C. to a second reactor, adding chlorides of alkaline and earth alkaline metals and withdrawing process gas.15. The process according to claim 14 , further comprising quenching the process gas after withdrawal from the second reactor.16. The process according to claim 14 , further comprising filtering the process gas or reacting the process gas with magnesite so as to form a solid salt.17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the solid salt is recycled to step (ii).18. The process according to claim 14 , wherein air and fuel are supplied to the first reactor in step (i).19. The process according to claim 18 , further comprising preheating at least one of the starting material claim 18 , the fuel and the air using the combustion gas withdrawn from the first reactor and recycled for the preheating.20. The process according to claim 19 , wherein at least one of outlet gas from the preheating claim 19 , the combustion gas and the process gas are separately or in combination passed through at least one cleaning stage.21. The process according to claim 14 , further comprising claim 14 , after step (ii) claim 14 , mixing solids withdrawn from the second reactor with at least one of a high grade straight ...

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Номер записи: 80
21-06-2018 дата публикации

Parallel Reactor System for Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation

Номер: US20180170836A1
Автор: Clark Jason, Pelati Joseph E
Принадлежит:

A multi-stage dehydrogenation process including contacting, in a first stage, a feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon and steam with a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions to yield a first stage effluent, heating the first stage effluent, and contacting, in a second stage, the heated first stage effluent with a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions to yield a second stage effluent comprising a dehydrogenation product, wherein the first stage includes a first reactor and a second reactor arranged in parallel, and wherein the second stage includes a third reactor connected in series with the first reactor and the second reactor. A multi-stage dehydrogenation system for carrying out dehydrogenation is also provided. 1. A multi-stage dehydrogenation process comprising:contacting, in a first stage, a feed stream comprising a hydrocarbon and steam with a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions to yield a first stage effluent;heating the first stage effluent; andcontacting, in a second stage, the heated first stage effluent with a dehydrogenation catalyst under dehydrogenation conditions to yield a second stage effluent comprising a dehydrogenation product,wherein the first stage includes a first reactor and a second reactor arranged in parallel, andwherein the second stage includes a third reactor connected in series with the first reactor and the second reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein contacting the feed stream in the first stage comprises:contacting a first portion of the feed stream with the dehydrogenation catalyst in the first reactor to yield a first reactor effluent; andcontacting a second portion of the feed stream with the dehydrogenation catalyst in the second reactor to yield a second reactor effluent.3. The process of claim 2 , further comprising:combining the first reactor effluent and the second reactor effluent to form the first stage effluent prior to the step of heating.4. The process ...

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Номер записи: 81
22-06-2017 дата публикации

FUEL CRACKING IN A FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEM

Номер: US20170174513A1
Автор: Chiron François-Xavier
Принадлежит: Haldor Topsoe A/S

A process for thermally cracking a fuel, said process comprising the steps of—on a solid carrier in a first reaction cracking fuel thereby producing Hydrogen and Carbon species—in a second reaction combusting said Carbon on the solid carrier wherein the first and second reaction is carried out in at least one fluidized bed. 1. A process for thermally cracking a fuel , said process comprising the steps ofon a solid carrier in a first reaction cracking fuel thereby producing Hydrogen and Carbon speciesin a second reaction combusting said Carbon on the solid carrierwherein the first and second reaction is carried out in at least one fluidized bed.2. A process according to wherein the first and second reaction is carried out in a first and second fluidized bed.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel is CHOsuch as methane.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbon species comprises free carbon claim 1 , graphite claim 1 , amorphous carbon claim 1 , nanotubes and/or coke.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second fluidized bed are worked sequentially.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid carrier is cycled between the first and second fluidized bed claim 1 , preferably the first reaction is carried out in the first fluidized bed and the second reaction is carried out in the second fluidized bed.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid carrier is a heat carrier and/or a nucleation precursor.8. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the solid carrier comprises sand claim 1 , natural ore claim 1 , MAlO claim 1 , MSiO claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , CaO claim 1 , Coal and/or Carbon particles.9. A process according to claim 1 , wherein cooled solid carrier is transferred from the first fluidized bed to the second fluidized bed and/or where hot solid carrier is transferred from the second fluidized bed to the first fluidized bed.10. A process according to claim 1 , wherein a fuel is provided to the first ...

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Номер записи: 82
21-06-2018 дата публикации

SEMICONDUCTOR LENS OPTIMIZATION OF FABRICATION

Номер: US20180172885A1
Автор: CARSON Richard F., JOSEPH John R., WARREN Mial E., WILCOX Thomas A.
Принадлежит:

Embodiments comprise a system created through fabricating a lens array through which lasers are emitted. The lens array may be fabricated in the semiconductor substrate used for fabricating the lasers or may be a separate substrate of other transparent material that would be aligned to the lasers. In some embodiments, more lenses may be produced than will eventually be used by the lasers. The inner portion of the substrate may be formed with the lenses that will be used for emitting lasers, and the outer portion of the substrate may be formed with lenses that will not be used for emitting lasers—rather, through etching these additional lenses, the inner lenses may be created with a higher quality. 1. A system for manufacturing lenses , the system comprising:a processor; andone or memories in communication with the processor when the system is in operation, the one or more memories having stored thereon instructions that upon execution by the processor at least cause the system to:form a lens array with a plurality of lenses, wherein the lens array further comprises an inner portion with a first set of lenses and an outer portion with a second set of lenses, wherein the second set of lenses is positioned adjacent and surrounds the first set of lenses, wherein each lens in the first set of lenses is surrounded by a same number of lenses of either the first set of lenses or the second set of lenses; andposition each laser among a plurality of lasers to correspond with each lens in the first set of lenses and position no laser to correspond with any of the lenses in the second set of lenses.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions that cause the system to form a lens array cause the system to etch a layer of photoresist over a substrate to form the lens array claim 1 , wherein the etch is accomplished by at least one of: a wet etching process claim 1 , an anisotropic wet etching process claim 1 , a plasma etching process claim 1 , and a dry etching process.3. ...

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Номер записи: 83
18-09-2014 дата публикации

Efficient in-situ catalyst sulfiding methods and systems

Номер: US20140271371A1
Автор: James Maxie ROBINSON, James Michael ROBINSON
Принадлежит: REACTOR RESOURCES LLC

A system and method is disclosed for efficiently sulfiding metal catalyst resident in a reactor vessel comprises a sulfiding module and a hydrogen sulfide detection module and a remote computer all arranged and configured to communicate wirelessly and to allow remote control and monitoring of the modules and sulfiding process.

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Номер записи: 84
15-07-2021 дата публикации

Catalyst Testing Process and Apparatus

Номер: US20210213407A1
Автор: KOSEOGLU Omer Refa
Принадлежит:

A method for analyzing a catalyst in a catalytic reactor that operates under non-isothermal conditions includes the steps of: positioning a catalyst basket within a catalyst bed within the catalytic reactor, the catalyst basket containing catalyst material the forms the catalyst bed; operating the catalytic reactor, the catalyst basket having dimensions such that a temperature difference (ΔT) along an axial direction (height) of the catalyst basket is non-isothermal; and analyzing the catalyst material contained within the catalyst basket. The temperature difference (ΔT) is, in one embodiment, within a range of 1° C. to 40° C. and preferably, within a range of 5° C. to 25° C. 1. A method for analyzing a catalyst in a catalytic reactor that operates under non-isothermal conditions comprising the steps of:positioning a catalyst basket within a catalyst bed within the catalytic reactor, the catalyst basket containing catalyst material the forms the catalyst bed,operating the catalytic reactor, the catalyst basket having dimensions such that a temperature difference (ΔT) along an axial direction of the catalyst basket is non-isothermal; andanalyzing the catalyst material contained within the catalyst basket.2. The method of claim 2 , wherein the temperature difference (ΔT) is within a range of 1° C. to 40° C.3. The method of claim 3 , wherein the temperature difference (ΔT) is within a range of 5° C. to 25° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst bed has a height (h1) and an internal diameter (ID1) and the catalyst basket has a height (h2) and an internal diameter (ID2) claim 1 , wherein h2/ID2 is between 1 and 300 claim 1 , and wherein h2/h1 is between 0.05 and 1.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst basket has an internal diameter of between about 1 cm to 25 cm claim 1 , a height between 25 cm to 300 cm claim 1 , and a wall thickness between 0.1 cm and 1 cm.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of analyzing the catalyst material contained ...

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Номер записи: 85
15-07-2021 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURE OF ZEOLITE-TEMPLATED CARBON

Номер: US20210214224A1
Автор: CHOI Minkee, CHOI Seokin, Othman Rashid M., Wang Yuguo
Принадлежит:

A method for the large-scale synthesis of a zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC). The method includes the steps of: introducing a bed material comprising a zeolite to a fluidized bed reactor and heating the bed material to a temperature between 550° C. and 800° C.; fluidizing the bed material with a fluidizing gas and maintaining the temperature of the bed material between 550° C. and 800° C.; introducing an organic carbon precursor while fluidizing the zeolite for a period of time such that carbon is deposited on the zeolite by chemical vapor deposition to produce a zeolite-carbon composite; and treating the zeolite-carbon composite with an acid solution such that the zeolite template is dissolved and the ZTC is obtained. 1. A method for large-scale synthesis of a zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC) , the method comprising the steps of:introducing a bed material comprising a zeolite to a fluidized bed reactor and heating the bed material to a first temperature between 550 degrees Celsius (° C.) and 800° C.;fluidizing the bed material with a fluidizing gas and maintaining the temperature of the bed material between 550° C. and 800° C.;introducing an organic carbon precursor while fluidizing the zeolite for a first period of time such that carbon is deposited on the zeolite by chemical vapor deposition to produce a zeolite-carbon composite;treating the zeolite-carbon composite with an acid solution such that the zeolite is dissolved and the ZTC is obtained.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least 100 grams of the ZTC is obtained.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluidizing gas has an average gas velocity in the fluidized bed reactor that is between 5 centimeters per second (cm/s) and 25 cm/s.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of fluidizing the bed material further comprises introducing the fluidizing gas such that the bed material is fluidized in a bubbling fluidization regime.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is a bead-type zeolite having a ...

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Номер записи: 86
04-06-2020 дата публикации

Apparatus and Methods for Treatment of Radioactive Organic Waste

Номер: US20200176145A1
Автор: Mason J. Bradley, Roesener Walter Scott
Принадлежит:

Treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds. An apparatus comprises a reaction vessel comprising a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste and a thermal oxidizer. Utilizing co-reactants to reduce gas phase sulfur and halogen from treatment of wastes. 1. An apparatus for the treatment of radioactive waste comprising organic compounds and sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds , the apparatus comprising:(a) a reaction vessel comprising a jetted bed in the lower portion of the reaction vessel, and a filter for carrying out thermal treatment of the waste; and 'wherein the jetted bed comprises a bed of solids that is agitated in response to a localized introduction of jet gas, the jet gas inducing a mixing of the solids without fluidizing the bulk of the solids.', '(b) a thermal oxidizer,'}2. The apparatus of further comprising:(c) an adsorption vessel comprising one or more types of adsorbent media for adsorbing sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen-containing compounds after treatment of the waste by the reaction vessel.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bed in the reaction vessel comprising the filter comprises the waste claim 1 , one or more co-reactants and optionally claim 1 , inert bed media.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a process reaction vessel upstream of the reaction vessel comprising the filter.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the process reaction vessel further comprises a bed in the lower portion of the process reaction vessel.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the bed in the process reaction vessel comprises the waste claim 5 , one or more co-reactants and optionally claim 5 , inert bed media.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the reaction vessel comprising the filter is below the temperature at which the sulfur-containing compounds and/or halogen- ...

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Номер записи: 87
16-07-2015 дата публикации

BIOMASS STORAGE SYSTEM

Номер: US20150197905A1
Автор: Duncan William D., Hyde Roderick A., JR. Lowell L., Kare Jordin T., Pan Tony S., Wood
Принадлежит: ELWHA LLC

An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing, the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid. The apparatus utilizes supercritical fluid processing, subcritical fluid processing, charring, or a combination thereof. The apparatus includes a controller configured to control the apparatus. The apparatus further including a processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material. 1. An apparatus for forming a water storage material from a biomass input material using supercritical or subcritical fluid processing , the water storage material capable of absorbing a liquid and releasing the liquid , comprising:a controller configured to control the apparatus;a processing station, the processing station configured to hold the biomass input material, and to use the biomass input material for processing into the water storage material;a storage unit configured to hold a fluid;a liquid outlet, the liquid outlet having a fluid input connected to an output of the storage unit, the liquid outlet positioned to supply the fluid into the processing station for processing the biomass input material into the water storage material;a pump; anda basin, the basin configured to receive the fluid supplied by the liquid outlet, the basin positioned such that the fluid supplied by the liquid outlet passes through the processing station before being received in the basin, the basin operatively connected to an input of the storage unit such that fluid captured in the basin is returned to the storage unit.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a sensor configured to detect a status of the biomass input material during processing claim 1 , wherein the sensor further configured to provide a signal indicative of the status of the biomass input material to the controller.3. ...

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Номер записи: 88
05-07-2018 дата публикации

Method and Device for Lightening Heavy Oil by Utilizing A Suspension-Bed Hydrogenation Process

Номер: US20180187103A1
Автор: Erxuan He, Guoliang Li, Ke Lin, LIN Li
Принадлежит: Beijing Huashi United Energy Technology and Development Co Ltd

A method and device for lightening heavy oil by utilizing a suspension-bed hydrogenation process are provided. In the process, a part of a raw oil is mixed with a suspension-bed hydrocracking catalyst to form a first mixture, then the first mixture is subjected to first shear and second shear in sequence so as to realize high dispersion and mixing of the catalyst and the raw oil; through pretreatment of the raw oil, the device can prevent the raw oil from coking in the hydrogenation process; through the adoption of a suspension-bed reactor with a liquid phase self-circulation function or a cold-wall function; and light and heavy components are separated from the suspension-bed hydrogenated product in advance and only medium component is subjected to fixed-bed hydrogenation, thereby reducing the load of the fixed-bed hydrogenation, prolonging the service life of the fixed-bed catalyst, improving the yield and quality of gasoline and diesel, and being beneficial for energy conservation and emission reduction of the whole system.

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Номер записи: 89
06-07-2017 дата публикации

Manufacture of Methylolalkanes with Augmented Heat Transfer and Improved Temperature Control

Номер: US20170190646A2
Автор: Brooks Howard W., Frey Guido D., Gaytan Fred, Hunt Tracy Kevin, Nowotny Norman, Raff Donald K., Schroeder Marcos L., Slinkard William E., Stone Michael J., Strutz Heinz
Принадлежит:

A multistage tubular reaction system and method for preparing methylol derivatives of an aldehyde includes a tubular reaction system with a plurality of successive reactor stages comprising a plurality of jacketed reaction tubes provided with a cooling system adapted to control flow of a cooling medium through said jacketed reaction tubes. The cooling medium flow is controlled independently in different stages in response to temperature measurements in the reaction system to regulate temperature. In order to further reduce temperature spikes and byproduct generation, aldehyde is stepwise added to the production stream at a plurality of feed ports proximate to reaction tubes equipped with tube inserts to enhance mixing and heat transfer. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the production stream is fed to a plurality of tubular reaction sections provided with tube inserts following addition of the Cor higher condensable aldehyde and/or base.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said tube inserts are displacement flow inserts.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein said tube inserts are wire-wrapped tube inserts.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there is provided a cooling control system adapted to control temperature and flow of a cooling medium claim 1 , and the flow of the cooling medium is independently controlled in different stages of the reaction system in response to temperature measurements in respective stages.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein said tubular reaction system with a plurality of reaction stages includes tubular reaction sections jacketed with a cooling medium.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the methylolalkane is trimethylolpropane and the aldehyde which is condensable with formaldehyde is n-butyraldehyde.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the methylolalkane is neopentyl glycol and the aldehyde which is condensable with formaldehyde is isobutyraldehyde.10. The method according to ...

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Номер записи: 90
20-06-2019 дата публикации

MODIFIED SULFUR, METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME, APPARATUS FOR PREPARING SAME, AND USE THEREOF

Номер: US20190185321A1
Автор: KIM Goo Dae, KWON Hyok, NOH Hyuk Rae, PARK No Gyung, SEO Young Sik, YU Seung Gun
Принадлежит: KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Disclosure relates to modified sulfur, preparation method thereof, preparation equipment thereof. The modified sulfur has spinnability or includes micro-structures such as fiber-, film- and network-like structure. The modified sulfur can be prepared by inducing polymerization with ultrasonic or ageing. The modified sulfur has various excellent features such as anticorrosiveness, waterproofing, strength, and fast drying and can control the features depending on its viscosity or polymerization degree. In addition due to the above features, the modified sulfur can be applied to anticorrosive or waterproofing material and can prepare anticorrosive or waterproofing material which has good workability, hardening, salt spray resistance, and weldability exceeding a certain level, and specially improved adhesiveness. Furthermore, when applying the modified sulfur to asphalt composition, gelation and depression are reduced, properties such as bending strength and tensile strength are improved, and it is possible to obtain asphalt composition with good working stability at RT. 1. A method for preparing modified sulfur comprising:mixing 100 parts by weight of sulfur with 1˜300 parts by weight of dicyclopentadiene-based modifier and melting them at 120 or higher to prepare the first mixture;polymerizing the first mixture at 120 or higher to prepare the first reactant; andterminating the polymerization of the first reactant at the end point of the reaction to prepare modified sulfur,wherein the end point of the reaction is between the time when the first reactant obtains spinnability and the time when rubberization of the first reactant occurs, andwherein the modified sulfur prepared after the terminating has 3,000˜2,000,000 cP of viscosity at 135 and comprises micro-structures such as fiber, film, or network structure, or has spinnability.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first mixture claim 1 , the first reactant claim 1 , and their combinations may further comprise an ...

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Номер записи: 91
20-06-2019 дата публикации

Modified sulfur, method for preparing same, apparatus for preparing same, and use thereof

Номер: US20190185322A1
Автор: Goo Dae KIM, Hyok KWON, Hyuk Rae NOH, No Gyung PARK, Seung Gun YU, Young Sik SEO
Принадлежит: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST

Disclosure relates to modified sulfur, preparation method thereof, preparation equipment thereof. The modified sulfur has spinnability or includes micro-structures such as fiber-, film- and network-like structure. The modified sulfur can be prepared by inducing polymerization with ultrasonic or ageing. The modified sulfur has various excellent features such as anticorrosiveness, waterproofing, strength, and fast drying and can control the features depending on its viscosity or polymerization degree. In addition due to the above features, the modified sulfur can be applied to anticorrosive or waterproofing material and can prepare anticorrosive or waterproofing material which has good workability, hardening, salt spray resistance, and weldability exceeding a certain level, and specially improved adhesiveness. Furthermore, when applying the modified sulfur to asphalt composition, gelation and depression are reduced, properties such as bending strength and tensile strength are improved, and it is possible to obtain asphalt composition with good working stability at RT.

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Номер записи: 92
11-06-2020 дата публикации

DELTA TEMPERATURE CONTROL OF CATALYTIC DEHYDROGENATION PROCESS REACTORS

Номер: US20200179892A1
Автор: Lattanzio Louis A., Schindlbeck Christopher
Принадлежит:

A chemical plant or a petrochemical plant or a refinery may include one or more pieces of equipment that process one or more input chemicals to create one or more products. For example, catalytic dehydrogenation can be used to convert paraffins to the corresponding olefin. A delta temperature controller may determine and control differential temperature across the reactor, and use a delta temperature to control a set point for a heater temperature controller. By doing so, the plant may ramp up a catalytic dehydrogenation unit faster and ensure it does not coke up the catalyst and/or foul a screens too quickly. Catalyst activity may be taken into account and allow the plant to have better control over production and run length of the unit. 1. A system comprising:at least two sensors configured to measure operating information in a catalytic reactor unit, wherein the at least two sensors comprise at least one reactor inlet temperature sensor and at least one reactor outlet temperature sensor; one or more processors of the data collection platform; and', receive sensor data collected by the at least two sensors, the sensor data comprising reactor inlet temperature data and reactor outlet temperature data;', 'correlate the sensor data with metadata comprising time data; and', 'transmit the sensor data;, 'memory of the data collection platform, storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed, cause the data collection platform to], 'a data collection platform comprising one or more processors of the data analysis platform; and', receive the sensor data from the data collection platform;', 'use the sensor data to determine a delta temperature based on the reactor inlet temperature data and reactor outlet temperature data; and', 'based on the delta temperature, transmit a command for an adjustment to an operating temperature of a heater of the catalytic reactor unit;, 'memory of the data analysis platform, storing computer-readable instructions that, when ...

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Номер записи: 93
22-07-2021 дата публикации

FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

Номер: US20210220790A1
Автор: Kim Og Sin, KIM Se Hyun, PARK Hyun Woo, Yoon Kwang Woo
Принадлежит:

A fluidized bed reactor includes: a reactor body; a dispersion plate mounted within the reactor body to partition the inside of the reactor body in a traverse direction and having a plurality of holes through which a reaction gas passes; a nozzle unit mounted on one surface of the dispersion plate to receive an inert gas from outside the reactor and inject the inert gas so as to crush deposits on the dispersion plate; a sensing unit configured to sense the deposits on the dispersion plate; and a control unit configured to control operation of the nozzle unit according to information sensed in the sensing unit. 1. A fluidized bed reactor for manufacturing carbon nanotubes , comprising:a longitudinally-extending reactor body;a dispersion plate mounted within the reactor body to partition the inside of the reactor body in a traverse direction and having a plurality holes; through which a reaction gas passes;a nozzle unit mounted on one surface of the dispersion plate to receive an inert gas from outside the reactor body and inject the inert gas so as to crush deposits on the dispersion plate;a sensing unit configured to sense the deposits on the dispersion plate; anda control unit configured to control an operation of the nozzle unit according to information sensed by the sensing unit.2. The fluidized bed reactor of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of nozzle units claim 1 , spaced apart from each other along a circumference of the dispersion plate.3. The fluidized bed reactor of claim 2 , wherein the nozzle units each comprise:a housing fixed to one surface of the dispersion plate on which the deposits area supply line configured to supply the inert gas from the outside into the housing; andan injection part provided in the housing to inject the inert gas.4. The fluidized bed reactor of claim 3 , wherein two or more injection parts are provided in the housing to inject the inert gas in different directions.5. The fluidized bed reactor of claim 4 , wherein at least one ...

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Номер записи: 94
23-07-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR OPERATING A FUEL FIRED REACTOR

Номер: US20150202584A1
Автор: Hiltunen Pekka, Stegemann Bertold
Принадлежит: OUTOTEC (FINLAND) OY

A process for operating a fuel fired reactor includes introducing fuel into the reactor and burning the fuel in the reactor by means of at least one main burner. Relevant parameters of the process are monitored. Within a predetermined critical operating range for an enforced shut down, a secondary, more stringent operating range is implemented as shut down criteria. The main burner is shut down upon one or more of the relevant parameters leaving the secondary operating range while at least one pilot burner continues to operate as long as the relevant parameters are maintained within the critical operating range. 1. A process for operating a fuel fired reactor , the process comprising ,introducing fuel into the reactor;burning the fuel in the reactor using at least one main burner;monitoring relevant parameters of the process;implementing, within a predetermined critical operating range for an enforced shut down, a secondary, more stringent operating range as shut down criteria;shutting down the main burner upon one or more of the relevant parameters leaving the secondary operating range, while continuing to operate at least one pilot burner as long as the relevant parameters are maintained within the critical operating range.2. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising restarting the main burner upon all relevant parameters returning to be within the secondary operating range.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein an upper limit of the secondary operating range is about 5 to 50% lower than an upper limit of the critical operating range.4. The process according to wherein a lower limit of the secondary operating range is about 5 to 50% higher than the a lower limit of the critical operating range.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the relevant parameters of the process include at least one of a temperature claim 1 , an air/fuel ratio and an Oconcentration within the reactor.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , during ...

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Номер записи: 95
30-07-2015 дата публикации

IN-LINE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON NANOTUBES

Номер: US20150210548A1
Автор: Brambilla Nicolo Michele, Corripio Luna Oscar Enrique, Martini Fabrizio, Signorelli Riccardo
Принадлежит: FastCAP Systems Corporation

Mass production of carbon nanotubes (CNT) are facilitated by methods and apparatus disclosed herein. Advantageously, the methods and apparatus make use of a single production unit, and therefore provide for uninterrupted progress in a fabrication process. Embodiments of control systems for a variety of CNT production apparatus are included. 1. A method of producing an aggregate of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes , the method comprising:(a) loading a base material into a controlled environment;(b) disposing a catalyst onto the base material to provide a substrate in an environment having an oxygen concentration low enough to substantially prevent oxidation of the substrate;(c) subjecting the substrate to a carbonaceous raw material gas and heating at least one of the raw material gas and the substrate for growing the aggregate onto the substrate; and(d) cooling the aggregate in an environment having an oxygen concentration low enough to substantially prevent oxidation of the aggregate during the cooling;wherein steps (a) to (d) are performed in the controlled environment comprising chambers sequentially connected in a manner that limits the exposure of the base material and any catalyst, substrate, and aggregate disposed thereon to contamination between each step.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising disposing a carburizing prevention layer on at least one of the base material and the catalyst.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein disposing the catalyst comprises using at least one of sputtering evaporation claim 1 , cathodic arc deposition claim 1 , sputter deposition claim 1 , ion beam assisted deposition claim 1 , ion beam induced deposition and electrospray ionization.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising treating the substrate with a plasma.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the substrate to a catalyst activation material during the growing of the aggregate.6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising adding the catalyst ...

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Номер записи: 96
18-06-2020 дата публикации

Method for preparing trimethylolpropane

Номер: US20200189998A1
Автор: Dawon JUNG, Dong Hyun Ko, Mi Young Kim, Min Ji CHOI, Sungshik Eom, Tae Yun Kim, Taewoo Kim
Принадлежит: LG Chem Ltd

A method for preparing trimethylolpropane, the method including: subjecting dimethylolbutanal (DMB) to a hydrogenation reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst and an alcohol solvent. During the hydrogenation reaction, a weight ratio of the alcohol solvent based to dimethylolbutanal is 2 to 10.

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Номер записи: 97
29-07-2021 дата публикации

COMPOSITE MEDIA FOR NON-OXIDATIVE ETHANE DEHYDROGENATION, AND RELATED ETHANE ACTIVATION SYSTEMS AND METHOD OF PROCESSING AN ETHANE-CONTAINING STREAM

Номер: US20210229080A1
Автор: Ding Dong, He Ting, Wang Lucun, Zhang Yunya
Принадлежит:

A composite media for non-oxidative CHdehydrogenation comprises an aluminosilicate zeolite matrix, and an EDH catalyst on one or more of an external surface of the aluminosilicate zeolite matrix and internal surfaces within pores of the aluminosilicate zeolite matrix. The EDH catalyst comprises one or more of Fe, Zn, Pt, Ga, alloys thereof, and oxides thereof. A CHactivation system, and a method of processing a CH-containing stream are also described. 1. A composite media for non-oxidative CHdehydrogenation , comprising:an aluminosilicate zeolite matrix; andan EDH catalyst on one or more of an external surface of the aluminosilicate zeolite matrix and internal surfaces within pores of the aluminosilicate zeolite matrix, the EDH catalyst comprising one or more of Fe, Zn, Pt, Ga, alloys thereof, and oxides thereof.2. The composite media of claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate zeolite matrix comprises ZSM-5.3. The composite media of claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate zeolite matrix comprises HZSM-5.4. The composite media of claim 1 , wherein a surface area of the aluminosilicate zeolite matrix is within a range of from about 250 m/g to about 450 m/g.5. The composite media of claim 1 , wherein EDH catalyst comprises one or more of a Fe oxide claim 1 , a Zn oxide claim 1 , a Fe—Zn oxide claim 1 , a Pt oxide claim 1 , a Ga oxide claim 1 , and a Pt—Ga oxide.6. The composite media of claim 1 , wherein the composite media comprises from about 0.5 wt % Fe to about 10 wt % Fe.7. The composite media of claim 1 , wherein the EDH catalyst comprises Pt and Ga.8. The composite media of claim 1 , wherein the composite media comprises:from about 0.01 wt % Pt to about 0.05 wt % Pt; andabout 1 wt % Ga.9. The composite media of claim 1 , wherein the EDH catalyst comprises one or more of clusters and particles having a size less than or equal to about 25 nm.10. A CHactivation system claim 1 , comprising:{'sub': 2', '6;, 'a source of CHand'}{'sub': 2', '6, 'claim-text': [{'sub': 2', ' ...

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Номер записи: 98
29-07-2021 дата публикации

Method and system for producing one or more olefins and one or more carboxylic acids

Номер: US20210230093A1
Автор: Andreas Meiswinkel, Desislava TOTA, Florian Winkler, Hans-Jörg Zander, Martin Schubert, Mathieu Zellhuber
Принадлежит: Linde GmbH

The invention relates to a method for producing one or more olefins and one or more carboxylic acids, in which one or more paraffins is or are subjected to an oxidative dehydrogenation. For the oxidative dehydrogenation, a reactor (10) having a plurality of reaction zones (11, 12, 13) is used, a gas mixture comprising the one or more paraffins is successively passed through the reaction zones (11, 12, 13), and at least two of the reaction zones (11, 12, 13) are subject to varying temperature influences. The invention also relates to a corresponding system (100).

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Номер записи: 99
28-07-2016 дата публикации

HYDROGENATION REACTOR AND PROCESS

Номер: US20160214913A1
Автор: Baksh Faisal, Nawaz Zeeshan
Принадлежит:

A reactor and process for removing unsaturated alkynes and diolefinic impurities from olefins and oxygenates is described. 1. A reactor suitable for use in a hydrogenation process , the reactor comprising:a. a catalyst bed comprising a tube for cooling the catalyst bed;b. a plurality of inlets for conveying a feed material to the catalyst bed; andc. one or more outlets,{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein the catalyst bed comprises a catalyst having a surface area of from about 15 m/g to about 650 m/g, and wherein the reactor can provide a space velocity of from about 500/h to about 50,000/h for hydrogenation reactions.'}2. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising one or more distributors for distributing the feed material uniformly or substantially uniformly across the catalyst bed.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst bed is a fixed bed comprising a selective hydrogenation catalyst.4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst bed is positioned in contact with one or more catalyst bed supports.5. The reactor of claim 1 , being a hydrogenation reactor comprising a plurality of inlets for an olefin feed claim 1 , an oxygenate feed claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a drip trap for recovering a condensate and/or a green oil.7. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising one or more thermowells disposed between an exterior surface of the reactor and the catalyst bed.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a surface area of from about 30 m/g to about 650 m/g.12. The reactor of claim 1 , having a space velocity of at least about 25 claim 1 ,000/h.13. The reactor of claim 1 , having a high space velocity claim 1 , a low pressure drop claim 1 , a uniform distribution of feed material across the catalyst bed claim 1 , or a combination thereof claim 1 , as compared to a conventional hydrogenation and/or dehydrogenation reactor.14. A reactor system comprising a plurality ...

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Номер записи: 100