СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ВИНИЛОВЫХ МОНОМЕРОВ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу полимеризации винилхлорида и устройству для его осуществления. Предложенный способ состоит в том, что полимеризацию винилхлорида осуществляют в реакторе в водной суспензии, выводят пар из газового пространства реактора и вводят через входное отверстие в дефлегматор, где, по крайней мере частично, конденсируют его, а конденсат возвращают в реактор через выходное отверстие дефлегматора, отделенное от входного отверстия, причем возврат конденсата в реактор осуществляют насосом с возможностью автоматического контроля и/или дозированной подачи. В устройстве для осуществления способа газовое пространство реактора соединено при помощи трубопровода с дефлегматором, причем в дефлегматоре впускное отверстие для пара располагается над выходным отверстием для конденсата, выходная линия дефлегматора соединена посредством трубного соединения с реактором так, что конденсат подается во множество зон реактора. Технический результат - улучшение показателя выработки ...

МНОГОТРУБНЫЙ РЕАКТОР С ОПУСКАЮЩЕЙСЯ ПЛЕНКОЙ ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО СУЛЬФИРОВАНИЯ И/ИЛИ СУЛЬФАТИРОВАНИЯ ЖИДКОГО ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА

Многотрубный реактор (МТР) с опускающейся пленкой для непрерывного изготовления сульфированных и/или сульфатированных продуктов, использующий газообразную разбавленную трехокись серы (SO3(разб.)) для получения поверхностно-активных реагентов или просто поверхностно-активных веществ, применяется в косметической промышленности и промышленности моющих средств. Каждый отдельный сопловой комплект содержит охватывающую часть (19) и другую половину (45) на охватываемой части (10). Охватываемая часть (10) образует вместе с охватывающей частью (19) кольцевую щель (21) с постоянной и хорошо ограниченной при всех рабочих условиях длиной (47), которая вместе с фиксированным отверстием/шириной определяет индивидуальный перепад давления в щели и вследствие этого индивидуальный расход органики. При таком устройстве достигается технический результат - полностью однородное распределение органического питания при отсутствии необходимости в калибровке. 7 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

ПСЕВДОИЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ РЕАКТОР ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к химической промышленности и может быть использовано, в частности, для получения мочевины при высоком давлении. Псевдоизотермический химический реактор имеет множество коробчатых теплообменников, по существу плоской прямоугольной формы. Теплообменники изготовлены из двух уложенных с зазором друг на друга и соединенных по периметру металлических листов, образующих внутреннюю полость, через которую в определенном направлении пропускается текучий теплоноситель. Между металлическими листами во внутренней полости теплообменника расположены промежуточные элементы, предотвращающие сплющивание или выпучивание металлических листов. Промежуточные элементы изготовлены в виде металлической сетки, вытянутой металлической пластины или решетки и приварены к листам теплообменника в заранее выбранных точках. Реактор выдерживает без деформации и коробления высокую разность давлений между зоной реакции и внутренней полостью теплообменника. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 6 ил.

МНОГОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ РЕАКТОР

Изобретение относится к химическим реакторам для обработки отходов посредством процессов окисления в сверхкритической воде или газификации в сверхкритической воде. Реактор содержит первый реакционный объем, который сообщается по текучей среде с впускным проходом для окисляющего агента, с впускным проходом первого реагента и с выпускным проходом для продукта реакции, и второй реакционный объем, который сообщается по текучей среде с впускным проходом для второго реагента, с выпускным проходом для второго продукта реакции и дополнительно связан с возможностью теплообмена с первым реакционным объемом, причем в процессе работы в первом реакционном объеме происходит реакция окисления между первым реагентом и окисляющим агентом с образованием первого продукта реакции, а во втором реакционном объеме происходит реакция газификации второго реагента с участием потока тепловой энергии, обмен которым происходит между первым и вторым реакционными объемами, с образованием второго продукта реакции. Изобретение ...

ПСЕВДОИЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ РЕАКТОР ВЫСОКОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ

... 1. Псевдоизотермический химический реактор (1) со множеством коробчатых теплообменников (7) по существу плоской прямоугольной формы, изготовленных из двух уложенных с зазором друг на друга и соединенных по периметру металлических листов (8, 8а), образующих внутреннюю полость (9) теплообменника, через которую в определенном направлении пропускается текучий теплоноситель, отличающийся тем, что между металлическими листами (8, 8а) во внутренней полости (9) теплообменника (7) расположены промежуточные элементы (12). 2. Химический реактор по п.1, отличающийся тем, что промежуточные элементы (12) изготовлены из металлической сетки, растянутого перфорированного металлического листа, решетки либо волнистого или гофрированного листа с параллельными гофрами. 3. Химический реактор по п.1, отличающийся тем, что промежуточные элементы (12) структурно не связаны с остальными деталями теплообменника. 4. Химический реактор по п.1, отличающийся тем, что промежуточные элементы (12) приварены к листам (8, ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГОМОПОЛИМЕРОВ ИЛИ СОПОЛИМЕРОВ ЭТИЛЕНА

Изобретение относится к способу получения гомополимеров или сополимеров этилена. Описан способ получения гомополимеров или сополимеров этилена в установке, содержащей трубчатый реактор высокого давления и предварительный нагреватель. Реакционная текучая среда, введенная в реактор, на входе в реактор нагревается в предварительном нагревателе, а средняя скорость реакционной текучей среды в предварительном нагревателе ниже, чем средняя скорость реакционной текучей среды в трубчатом реакторе на входе в реактор. Соотношение средней скорости реакционной текучей среды в трубчатом реакторе к средней скорости реакционной текучей среды в предварительном нагревателе составляет от 1,5:1 до 5:1. Технический результат - получение ПЭНП с более высокой глубиной превращения этилена за реакторный цикл и лучшими оптическими свойствами. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 3 пр., 3 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ВИНИЛОВЫХ МОНОМЕРОВ

... 1. Способ полимеризации, в ходе которого осуществляют полимеризацию винилсодержащих мономеров в реакторе (3), выводят пар из газового пространства (13) реактора (3) и вводят через входное отверстие в дефлегматор (5), где, по крайней мере, частично, конденсируют его, а конденсат возвращают в реактор (3) через выходное отверстие, отделенное от входного отверстия. 2. Способ по п.1, характеризующийся тем, что входное отверстие для ввода пара в дефлегматор (5) находится над выходным отверстием для конденсата. 3. Способ по п.1, характеризующийся тем, что в качестве винилсодержащего мономера используют мономерный винилгалогенид. 4. Способ по п.1, характеризующийся тем, что в качестве винилсодержащего мономера используют винилхлорид. 5. Способ по п.1, характеризующийся тем, что полимеризацию осуществляют в дисперсии или в растворителе. 6. Способ по п.5, характеризующийся тем, что полимеризацию осуществляют в водной суспензии. 7. Способ по п.1, характеризующийся тем, что возврат конденсата в реактор ...

СПОСОБ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ КРАХМАЛА

РЕАКТОР

... 1. Реактор, содержащий цилиндрический сосуд, вытянутый в направлении прохождения жидкости и снабженный входом жидкости и выходом жидкости, ведущий вал, установленный соосно с цилиндрическим сосудом, и один или более пластинообразных или стержнеобразных перемешивающих элементов, расположенных в направлении, перпендикулярном ведущему валу, причем ведущий вал и перемешивающие элементы расположены внутри цилиндрического сосуда, и отражатели, состоящие из пластин или круглых стержней или их комбинаций, и/или змеевиковые, трубчатые, пластинообразные или спиральные теплообменники, причем отражатели и/или теплообменники расположены на внутренней стороне стенки реактора, отличающийся тем, что каждый из перемешивающих элементов имеет собственную частоту больше значения (К), при котором перемешивающий элемент начинает вибрировать, и это значение определяется по следующей формуле: в которой n - скорость вращения (об/мин) перемешивающего элемента; R - длина (м) перемешивающего элемента от центра ведущего ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАЗООБРАЗНОГО ФТОРА

... 1. Способ получения газообразного фтора, включающий стадию (1) генерирования газообразного фтора путем разделения на секции внутреннего пространства оборудованного нагревающими средствами контейнера для генерирования газообразного фтора с помощью проницаемого для газа конструктивного элемента, заполнения каждой секции фторидом металла с высокой валентностью и нагревания фторида металла с высокой валентностью.2. Способ получения газообразного фтора, включающий стадию (1) генерирования газообразного фтора путем разделения на секции внутреннего пространства оборудованного нагревающими средствами контейнера для генерирования газообразного фтора с помощью теплопроводящего конструктивного элемента, включающего проницаемый для газа конструктивный элемент и теплопроводящий элемент, заполнения каждой секции фторидом металла с высокой валентностью и нагревания фторида металла с высокой валентностью.3. Способ получения газообразного фтора по п.1 или 2, где проницаемый для газа конструктивный элемент ...

СПОСОБ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РЕАКЦИЙ В ПСЕВДОИЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ

... 1. Способ непрерывного проведения определенной химической реакции в так называемых псевдоизотермических условиях и в определенной среде, например в слое катализатора, в который помещают по меньшей мере один теплообменник, в который подают первый поток рабочего теплоносителя с определенной температурой на входе, который пропускают по меньшей мере через один теплообменник по определенному пути от входа к выходу, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере в один теплообменник в одной или нескольких промежуточных точках на пути движения рабочего теплоносителя подают второй поток рабочего теплоносителя с определенной температурой на входе. 2. Теплообменник для проведения реакций способом по п.1, содержащий две большие стенки (2, 3; 21, 22), камеру (5, 26), расположенную между стенками (2, 3; 21, 22), через которую пропускают рабочий теплоноситель, входной (6, 24) и выходной (7, 25) патрубки соответственно для подвода и отвода рабочего теплоносителя из камеры (5, 26), по меньшей мере один распределитель ...

Reaktor zur Durchführung rascher stark exothermer Reaktionen und dessen Verwendung

The invention relates to a tube bundle reactor (1) for rapid highly exothermic reactions, consisting of a reactor housing (2) with a bundle (3) of tubes (6) as a reaction zone, said tubes being optionally interconnected radially in relation to their longitudinal extension, eduction pipes (4, 11), a product outlet (12) and a heat exchanger (5). The invention is characterised in that said eduction pipes (4) are configured as pipelines (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) which are arranged in the tubes (6) of the bundle (3) and which are provided with a plurality of openings (7), said openings (7) in the pipelines (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) being spread over the entire length of or a section of the length of the reaction zone.

Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Alkoxylierung in der Flüssigphase

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyalkoxylaten enthaltend folgende Schritte, a) Umsetzung von Alkoholen mit Basen unter Bildung eines Alkoholate enthaltenden Gemisches, b) Bereitstellen des Gemisches in wasserfreier Form, c) Einführung des wasserfreien Gemisches in einen Rohrreaktor, d) Einspeisung von geringen Mengen an Alkylenoxid an mehreren Stellen in den Rohrreaktor, um eine lokale Entstehung einer Gasphase zu vermeiden, e) Umsetzung der Alkoholate und/oder von Folgeprodukte der Alkoholate mit Alkylenoxid in dem Rohrreaktor vollständig in der Flüssigphase, wobei die Schritte a) bis e) in kontinuierlicher Betriebsweise durchgeführt werden, der Rohrreaktor von außen mittels eines Kühlmediums gekühlt wird, und der Rohrreaktor als Plattenwärmeaustauscher, als Wärmetauscherplattensystem in einem Behälter mit Siedekühlung, als einzügiger Rohrbündelwärmeaustauscher oder als mehrzügiger Rohrbündelwärmeaustauscher ausgebildet ist.

Online-Frühwarn- und Früherkennungssystem für beginnende Runaway- Reaktionen durch Verwendung von Chaostheorie-Verfahren

Reaktor zum Herstellen eines Brennstoffs, insbesondere von Wasserstoff

Verfahren zum Kuehlen von Gasen

Connection between a Hot Gas Heater and a Hot Gas Reactor

... 1,176,391. Expansion bends; heat-insulated pipes. POWER-GAS CORP. Ltd. 18 Jan., 1967, No. 2659/67. Headings F2G and F2P. A connection between a hot gas heater and a hot gas reactor 3 comprises a plurality of pigtails 21, i.e. U-shaped bends, of high grade heat-resisting metal each connected at one end to the end of one of a plurality of heater outlet or inlet pipes 12 of low grade heat-resisting metal and at the other ends thereof to a header pipe 22 of high grade heat-resisting metal and connected to the reactor. Sets of anchor pieces 15 incorporating high grade heat-resisting metal are connected to each of the pigtails near to those ends thereof connected to the pipes 12 and are arranged to be rigidly connected to the heater in a position relatively to the furnace thereof such that there is negligible differential expansion of the pipes 12 2 externally of the furnace. The header 22 is connected to the reactor 3 by means of a connecting piece 23, a pipe 25 and a branch 24, these components ...

Improvements in or relating to chemical reactions

In a method for the continuous reaction of at least two fluid reagents, at least one of which is in the gaseous phase and at least one of which is in the liquid phase, at least one of the reaction products being liquid, the liquid reagent entering at 14 flows downwardly over the vertical inner surface of cylinder 2, the temperature of which is controlled by cooling fluids flowing in the space(s) between cylinders 1 and 2, and comes into contact meanwhile with the gaseous reagent which enters cylinder 3 by pipe 8, leaves cylinder 3 by slots 9 and flows downwardly in a helical path into which it is directed by diaphragm 7. A cooling fluid flows in the lower part of cylinder 3. Liquid reaction products leave at 15 and gaseous reaction products at 16. The thickness of the liquid film may be controlled by adjusting the distance between the lower edge of frustoconical device 17 and surface 12, or by varying the height of the free surface of liquid reagent above the lower edge of device 17. Cylinder ...

Process for treating fluids with gases in a vessel

... 1,35,868. Agitating and aerating liquids. PATENTAUSWERTUNG VOGELBUSCH G. m. b. H. March 31, 1965 [May 8, 1964], No. 13589/65. Heading B1C. A fermentation vat 6 has three or more vertical baffles 1-5 mounted with one vertical edge joined to the container wall at 8 and the other to an adjacent baffle at 7; below them rotates a gas injector 10 supplied with gas through its hollow shaft 18. The lower edges of the baffles are rounded, or, at least above the part of the gas outlets 12, curved in the direction of rotation as at 1<11>- 511; the inner parts of the baffles are deeper than the outer and the baffles are hollow for passage of a heat exchange medium, see Figs. 1, 3 and 4 (not shown). The arms 15 of the gas injector, which may be two or more in number, are in the form of open grooves on the rear side so that their crosssection is in the form of the front part of a streamline profile which is completed by the phase boundaries of the vacuoles 17 formed on rotation (see also Fig. 4, not ...

Improvements in or relating to apparatus for conducting reactions in liquid phase

Apparatus for conducting chemical reactions under pressure in the liquid phase which reactions result in the production of a solid reaction product which comprises, connected together in the following sequence, a closed vessel provided with a pump for circulating liquid therethrough and means for admitting solid thereinto, a second pump for forcing liquid from the closed vessel and at the desired pressure through a closed reaction zone having associated means for maintaining the zone at a predetermined temperature and temperatures, heat exchange means for cooling the liquid, an enclosed filter for separating the solid reaction product from the attendant liquor, a conduit for returning the liquor to the closed vessel, and a reducing valve between the closed reaction zone and the return conduit. The apparatus may be employed in carrying out reactions in liquid ammonia, liquid sulphur dioxide or liquid carbon dioxide. As employed in the production of melamine by heating dicyandiamide dissolved ...

Process for the polymerization of olefin monomers

Catalytic bulk or solution polymerization of olefinic monomers or mixtures of monomers, e.g. styrene, isoprene, butadiene, vinyl chloride, is carried out within a reaction zone at least partly enclosed by a cooled surface to yield a reaction mixture having polymer dissolved therein, in the apparatus of Specification 988,855 wherein the reaction mixture immediately adjacent to a major portion of the cooled surface is disturbed to minimize formation of a stagnant layer upon this major portion of the cooled surface. The examples refer to the continuous polymerization of isoprene in 15% by weight solution in pentane, and the bulk polymerization of styrene.

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SULFATES

... 1,209,159. Sulphates; volatile acids. CLIMAX CHEMICAL CO. 12 Dec., 1967 [28 Feb., 1967], No. 56347/67. Heading C1A. Sulphate granules and an acid gas more volatile than sulphuric acid which is HCI, HF or H 3 PO 4 acid are produced by reacting H 2 SO 4 with the salt of said volatile acid, e.g. NaCl, KCl, CaF 2 and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , by feeding into a reaction zone the salt and a gas in such a volume and at a temperature to maintain the salt particles in a fluidized state and to maintain the reaction temperature between 700‹ and 1000‹ F., and spraying the H 2 SO 4 acid in liquid form into the salt particles. The gas can be air or acid vapours from a H 2 SO 4 acid plant converter or combustion gases or mixtures thereof. The acid spray is preferably substantially surrounded with the hot gas and/or salt feed streams in the reaction zone. In one embodiment the reactor is provided with an eccentric conical bottom 12 through which extends a sparger 14. Sparger 14 is supplied with H 2 SO 4 pumped ...

A reactor device for reaction fluid

Chemical reactions

Improvement in or relating to reactors

PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS UNDER PSEUDOISOTHERMAL CONDITIONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF HIGH-MOLECULAR POLYESTER AS WELL AS DEVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE

REACTOR FOR THERMAL SPLITTING OF MONO ONES AND POLYFUNCTIONAL ONES CARBAMIDS UREESTERN

MASS POLYMERIZATION REACTORS AND PROCEDURES FOR THE POLYMERIZATION

REACTOR WITH TWO OR SEVERAL FROM EACH OTHER SEPARATIONS REACTION AREAS

TUBE PLATE CONNECTION FOR CONTAINERS WITH A BANK OF TUBES

TUBE PLATE CONNECTION FOR CONTAINERS WITH A BANK OF TUBES

PROCEDURE FOR THE ENTERPRISE OF A HIGH PRESSURE ETHYL POLYMERIZATION UNIT

PROCEDURE FOR THE OXIDATION OF LIQUID ORGANIC MATERIALS.

REACTOR FOR INTERNAL TEMPERATURE PRICE INCREASE BY HOLLOW PLATE-TYPE HEAT EXCHANGERS.

REACTOR GROUNDS FUR A VERTICAL GRADATION POLYCONDENSATION REACTOR

Procedure for the continuous production of PP and polyesters and device for the execution of the procedure

HEAT TRANSMISSION DEVICE

CHEMICAL PROCEDURE

CHEMICAL REACTOR WITH HEAT EXCHANGER

TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

Method for carrying out chemical reactions in pseudo-isothermal conditions

APPARATUS FOR MIXING ACID AND BASE

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy ...

HEAT TRANSFER DETERMINATION AND CONTROL

CHEMICAL PROCESS

The invention is directed to a process for carrying out a chemical reaction in a reactor, comprising passing a reaction mixture in liquid phase through at least one structured reactor element present in said reactor, the internal surface of said reactor element that comes into contact with the reaction mixture being catalytically active, the improvement comprising passing said reaction mixture through the said at least one reactor element, said reaction mixture comprising at least one liquid and at least one gas in liquid phase.

PHOTOCHEMICAL AND THERMOCHEMICAL SOLAR SYNTHESES USING FLAT-BED SOLAR COLLECTORS/SOLAR REACTORS

The invention relates to a method for carrying out photochemical and thermochemical solar syntheses by means of flat-bed solar collectors without devices for focusing the sunlight. Said method is particularly well suited for producing flavours, aromas and complex biological active ingredients as well as precursors thereof. Said flat-bed solar collector is suitable especially for producing steroids and derivatives thereof. It can further be used for the photooxidation (photooxygenation) of terpene olefins and therefore for the synthesis of aromas such as rose oxide, myrtenol and myrtenal which are of industrial interest. Said solar collector is also suitable for photochemical addition reactions and rearrangements.

REACTOR VESSELS WITH TRANSMISSIVE SURFACES FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN-BASED FUELS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Reactor vessels with transmissive surfaces for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods. A chemical reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a reaction zone, a hydrogen donor source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone, and a steam source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone. The reactor further includes a transmissive surface at the reaction zone, with the transmissive surface being transmissive to a reactant entering the reaction zone and/or radiant energy entering the reaction zone.

THERMAL CONVERSION OF METHANE TO HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROCARBONS

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé amélioré de conversion thermique du méthane en hydrocarbures de poids moléculaires plus élevés. Ce procédé est caractérisé par l'utilisation d'un système multicanaux réalisé en matière céramique, dans lequel les rangées de canaux sont alternativement parcourues par la charge et par les fluides caloporteurs ou réfrigérants, constituant un ensemble continu comportant une zone de pyrolyse suivie d'une zone de trempe.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE CARRYING OUT OF A MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMATIC PROCESS

To improve the yield and/or reduce the energy cost in carrying out a microbiological or enzymatic process in a reactor and to make the reaction conditions essentially independent of the size of the reactor, it is proposed to make use, as a reactor, of an endless circulation tube in which the reaction components are circulated essentially according to a plug flow and in this process are fed through one or more in-line mixers fitted inside the tube. This method and reactor are suitable in particular for the preparation by fermentation of polysaccharides, especially xanthan, in which water, a production medium containing one or more sugars and nutrient salts and an inoculating material of a suitable aerobic bacterium are introduced into the said reactor tube and exposed to fermentation with air being supplied. Preferably the concentration of a reaction component or a value derived therefrom is measured at at least one point and the reaction velocity is regulated on the basis of the said measurement ...

CENTRIFUGAL DEVICE

Centrifugal Device In a centrifugal mass transfer device comprising a rotary, annular permeable element, annular plates are mounted adjacent the radially inner or outer face of the permeable element and gaseous or liquid material flowing from the permeable element across one surface of the annular plates is cooled or heated by a heat exchange fluid on the opposite surface of the plates. In this way condensed or vaporised material is returned to the permeable element.

CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR MAKING CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE

A process for the continuous preparation of a slurry of calcium hypochlorite wherein a solution of sodium hydroxide is fed to one end of an elongated tubular reaction and a calcium hydroxide slurry and chlorine are introduced through a number of injection sites along the length of the reactor. The redox potential of the reaction mixture at any injection site must not be inferior to that at the immediately preceding site and must be in the range 900 to 950 mV at the exit end of the reactor. The process permits easy control of the reaction temperature and of the viscosity of the reaction mixture.

PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT REACTIONS CAUSED BY THE TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES

Mo-1771-BP LeA 17,502 A PROCESS FOR CARRYING OUT REACTIONS CAUSED BY THE TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES This invention relates to a process for carrying out reactions which primarily occur during the transport of compounds in the liquid phase or at the liquid-gas interface. Starting components are reacted with one another and/or with gases of the inner space in a multi-phase flow tube having a liquid ring flow which may contain dissolved and/or dispersed constituents. Any necessary heat exchange takes place between the liquid and the wall of the tube or the gases. LeA 17,502 ...

PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS SULPHONATION AND/OR SULPHONATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR HIGH-SHEAR MIXING AND REACTING OF MATERIALS

Methods and apparatus for high shear reacting and/or mixing of moving fluid streams of materials employ an interdiffusing and reacting zone formed in the space between two stationary surfaces (30, 32), the surfaces being spaced (22, 22B) apart a maximum distance of the sum of the thicknesses of the back-to- back boundary layers of the materials and/or resulting materials on the surfaces, to a value such that any third layer between the two boundary layers is too thin to support agitation characterized by turbulent convection and/or to cause channeling. The materials are interdiffused by high speed laminar shear produced by the flow of the materials rather than mixed by macroscopic convection, the materials being driven by high velocity inlet feeds (24, 26), auxiliary high pressure gas flow pumped into the reaction/mixing zone, or auxiliary high-pressure gas flow created as an evolving gaseous by product of any chemical reaction that may occur.

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING CERTAIN SUBSTITUTED SULFILIMINES

Provided are methods and/or systems to convert sulfide intermediates to sulfilimines using a series of continuous loop reactors instead of a batch reactor. The advantages of the methods and systems provided include improved total yield, improved heat management, improved phase mixing, and/or improved volume management.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS AND METHOD OF PREPARING ORGANOLITHIUM COMPOUNDS AID APPARATUS

PLANT FOR UREA PRODUCTION

Plant for urea production from ammonia and carbon dioxide having a so-called high-pressure section which comprises a synthesis reactor and a condensation unit (7) positioned inside the reactor, all substantially operating at the same pressure. Said condensation unit (7) comprises a plurality of flattened plateshaped essentially rectangular heat exchangers (17) arranged with long sides (17a) parallel to the axis of said reactor.

CHEMICAL REACTORS WITH ANNULARLY POSITIONED DELIVERY AND REMOVAL DEVICES, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

REACTOR SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS FROM SYNTHETIC GAS

The invention relates to a reactor system, comprising a heat-exchange unit and a reaction unit that are assembled together into a structure. The heat-exchange unit has a plurality of plate or corrugated-plate heat exchangers, and is formed so as to attachable/detachable to/from the reaction unit and insertable into the latter. Accordingly, a catalyst may be attached to a heat-transfer surface of a heat exchanger by a washcoat method or the like, thus maximizing heat-transfer efficiency and enabling the easy removal or reattachment of the catalyst when the enabling the easy removal or reattachment of the catalyst at the end of the lifespan of the catalyst.

POLYMERIZATION REACTOR

A novel chemical reactor; one particularly useful for the production of polymers, especially elastomers such as butyl rubber. The reactor (10) contains (1) a two-tube pass system, constituted of an inner or center tube bundle (20) through which a mixture or slurry of polymerizable monomers and catalyst is passed in one direction, and recycled via an outer tube bundle (30) in the opposite direction in essentially even flow distribution (2), while the tubes of the center and outer tubular bundles are maintained within a jacketed section, or sections of the reactor into which a coolant, or refrigerant; is injected and vaporized to remove the heat of reaction. The coolant, or refrigerant, in heat exchange relationship with the tubes removes the exothermic heats of reaction from the polymerization mixture, and maintains the polymerization mixture at uniformly low temperature. An even flow circulation of the slurry which aids in maintaining uniform low temperature, is provided by the use of (3) a diffuser (60) and (4) mixed flow pumping system (40), with its impeller (43), by virtue of which an adequate pressure head of even pressure profile is developed across the entry sides of the center tubes (20) to maintain the even flow distribution within the two-tube pass system at high circulation rate. There is no vortex whirl at the exit of the impeller-diffuser assembly, and no cavitation bubbles as commonly associated with one-tube pass systems, which employ a central draft tube and axial flow pump. Improved mixing, high hydraulic efficiency, and higher production rates with low polymer fouling, are achieved.

IMPROVED REACTOR SYSTEM

A shell and tube heat exchanger reactor with forced circulation is used to improve heat and mass transfer for exothermic liquid-liquid, gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactions. Enhanced productivity and selectivity are obtained.

OPTIMIZATION OF A COOLING WATER SYSTEM OF A POLYOLEFIN PRODUCTION UNIT

The invention relates to a method for cooling polymerization reactors in the production of polyolefins, whereby the polymerization takes place in one first and at least one further reactor, whereby this further reactor, or reactors, is connected downstream of the first reactor, and each reactor is cooled by means of an internal cooling circuit, in which a cooling agent circulates. The invention is characterized in that the cooling agent leaves the cooling circuit (9) of the first reactor (1) to be fed into the cooling circuit (10) of at least one other reactor (2), and the same amount of cooling agent is removed from the cooling circuit (10) of this reactor (2), cooled and returned to the cooling circuit (9) of the first reactor (1).

Four pour le chauffage d'un fluide en circulation.

Rührwerk in Gefässen, insbesondere in Autoklaven.

Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Durchführung chemischer oder physikalischer Prozesse

Vorrichtung zur Erzeugnisentnahme aus einer Stoffaustauschkolonne

Unter Druck arbeitender Hohlkörper mit dünnwandiger Innenauskleidung.

Apparecchio per l'ossidazione catalitica in fase liquida di materiali organici

Vorrichtung zur Begasung von Flüssigkeiten in einem Behälter

Verfahren zur Herstellung sulfatierter Produkte und deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Waschmitteln

Verfahren zur Herstellung sulfonierter Produkte und deren Verwendung zur Herstellung von Waschmitteln

Procédé pour l'estérification en continu et en phase homogène de la cellulose

Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen acetylenhaltiger Gasgemische

Verfahren zur Herstellung primärer Alkylbromide

Reaktor mit Förderschraube zur Durchführung von chemischen Prozessen

Verfahren zur Verhinderung des Diffundierens eines Mediums durch eine auf eine feste Unterlage aufgebrachte Stoffschicht und Anwendung des Verfahrens zum Korrosionsschutz von Wandungen

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Polylactamen

Réacteur étagé

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Chlorcyan aus Blausäure und Chlor

Procédé pour faire réagir un réactif gazeux avec un réactif liquide et application de ce procédé

Process for the continuous polymerisation of lactams

CONTINUOUS PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF PRIMARILY MATERIAL TRANSFER-CAUSED REACTIONS.

Gas-liquid reaction apparatus.

ПРИСТРІЙ І СПОСІБ ДЛЯ ОСАДЖЕННЯ УЛЬТРАТОНКИХ ЧАСТИНОК З ГАЗОВОЇ ФАЗИ

Данное изобретение относится к устройству для термического разложения летучих соединений и осаждения частиц, которые при этом формируются, включающему, по меньшей мере, такие характерные признаки: сосуд (1) под давлением, по меньшей мере, одну реакционную трубку (2), открытый конец (2с) которой продлевается в сосуд под давлением, а другой конец которой расположен снаружи сосуда под давлением и обеспечен средством подачи (3) газа, продольная ось реакционной трубки ориентирована в направлении силы веса и параллельно продольной оси сосуда (1d) под давлением, а реакционная трубка может быть нагретой (2а) на стороне впускания и охлажденной (2b) на стороне выхода газа, сосуд (1) под давлением в его нижней части имеет собирательную лейку (1а), причем открытый конец реакционной(ых) трубки(ок) (2с) продлевается в газовое пространство собирательной лейки (1b), собирательная лейка (1а) соединена с выходящим затвором (6) для порошка (Р) и узлом (7) газоотвода, который обеспечен трубкой для газа (7а ...

СПОСІБ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ ХІМІЧНИХ РЕАКЦІЙ У ПСЕВДОІЗОТЕРМІЧНИХ УМОВАХ ТА ТЕПЛООБМІННИК ДЛЯ ЙОГО ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ

У заявці описаний спосіб безперервного проведення хімічної реакції в так званих псевдоізотермічних умовах у реакційному середовищі, наприклад у шарі каталізатора, в яке поміщають принаймні один теплообмінник, в який подають перший потік робочого теплоносія з заданою температурою на вході з пропусканням цього потоку від входу до виходу, при цьому принаймні в один теплообмінник в одній або декількох проміжних точках на шляху руху робочого теплоносія подають другий потік робочого теплоносія з заданою температурою на вході.

Apparatus for continuous polycondensation

The invention provides a serial fasculation device which is characterized in that the invention comprises a level column container and stirring rotors practically, the level column container is provided with an entrance and an exit of the treated liquid on the lower part of the vertical end of the container and the lower part of the other end respectively, the upper part of the container is provided with an exit of the volatile matters, the stirring rotors are connected lengthways in a plurality of hollow plates in the column container, scraping laminas used for scraping the treated liquid onthe internal wall of the container are arranged between the adjacent hollow plates without rotating axis being arranged on the rotating central axis , the stirring rotors comprise a plurality of stirring blocks between the entrance and the exit according to the glueyness of the treated liquid, each stirring lamina is provided with hollow plates on the two ends, the intervals of the adjacent hollowplates ...

Catalytic process and apparatus for selective hydration of alkylene oxide

The present invention relates to an apparatus for the catalytic production of alkylene glycol from alkylene oxide, comprising: a reactor having at least one heat exchange element incorporated therein, wherein a catalyst for the hydration of alkylene oxide to alkylene glycol is coated on the outer surface of the heat exchange element as well as to a process utilizing that apparatus.

PROCESS IMPROVES SULPHONATION AND OF SULPHATING UNINTERRUPTED OF COMPOSE ORGANIC

DISPOSITIF DE REACTION A HAUTE TEMPERATURE

LA PRESENTE INVENTION A TRAIT A UN DISPOSITIF POUR REACTION A HAUTE TEMPERATURE QUI COMPREND EN COMBINAISON: -UNE CHAMBRE DE REACTION 1 FORMEE D'UN CORPS CREUX PRESENTANT UNE PAROI INTERNE 4 A SYMETRIE DE ROTATION TELLE QUE CYLINDRIQUE; -UN SYSTEME D'ALIMENTATION D'AU MOINS UN REACTIF SOUS FORME GAZEUSE QUI COMPREND UN ESPACE ANNULAIRE 5 ENTOURANT LA CHAMBRE DE REACTION ALIMENTEE PAR DES TUBULURES 10, LEDIT ESPACE COMMUNIQUANT AVEC LA CHAMBRE DE REACTION PAR DES CONDUITS 6, DEBOUCHANT TANGENTIELLEMENT, DE MANIERE A INTRODUIRE LADITE PHASE GAZEUSE A L'INTERIEUR DE LA CHAMBRE DE REACTION SOUS FORME D'UN ECOULEMENT HELICOIDAL SYMETRIQUE. LEDIT DISPOSITIF EST CARACTERISE PAR LE FAIT QU'IL COMPREND DES MOYENS DE REFROIDISSEMENT 7 MENAGES ENTRE L'ESPACE ANNULAIRE ET LA CHAMBRE DE REACTION 1. IL S'APPLIQUE NOTAMMENT A LA PRODUCTION D'ACIDE CHLORHYDRIQUE ET A LA GAZEIFICATION DU CHARBON.

AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE SULFONATION FILM IN A MULTITUBULAR REACTOR AND REACTOR SUITABLE FOR CARRYING OUT THE IMPROVED PROCESS

APPRECIABLY VERTICAL AUTOCLAVE FOR THE PREPARATION IN COPOLYMER AND POLYMER MASS CONTAINING VINYL CHLORIDE

Process and device for reaction with bringing into contact at least two gaseous components, especially at high temperature

SEAL ASSEMBLY OF THE BOTTOM OF A CONTAINER HAVING A TUBE BUNDLE

ARRANGEMENT OF A HEATING UNIT IN REACTION APPARATUS

Process of sulphating of fatty alcohols or sulphonation of alkarylés hydrocarbons and products obtained

CATALYTIC CARTRIDGES

DEVICE TO COOL a GAS CARRYING CHARGES WITH VAPORS a PRODUCT

Ce dispositif pour refroidir un gaz porteur chaud (TG) sortant d'un réacteur comporte, dans une enceinte (8), selon une disposition en série, une première unité formant échangeur de chaleur réglable (11), traversée par un fluide caloporteur, un catalyseur (17) situé à distance de cette unité et faisant partie d'un réacteur aval (18), et une deuxième unité formant échangeur de chaleur (21), qui est traversée par un fluide caloporteur, ces unités pouvant être chargées successivement par le gaz porteur (TG), le gaz porteur (TG) pénétrant dans l'enceinte (8) au niveau d'une extrémité et en ressortant à l'autre extrémité. Application notamment à la récupération de l'anhydride phtalique.

Tunable catalytic gasifiers and related methods

The present disclosure provides tunable catalytic gasifier systems suitable for gasifying coal, biomass, and other fuel sources. The gasifier reactors of the disclosed systems may be heated by, e.g., a catalytic tube or other jacket that generates heat by catalytically combusting syngas, which syngas may be syngas produced by the gasifier system.

Chemical reactor with plate type heat exchange unit

An isothermal chemical reactor ( 1 ) is described comprising a plate ( 30 ) heat exchange unit ( 12 ), immersed in a catalytic bed ( 7 ) and destined to heat or cool the reagents in order to maintain the reaction temperature in a predetermined range; said plates ( 30 ) are formed by two flat walls ( 31, 32 ) and longitudinal spacers ( 33 ), with obtainment of parallel channels ( 34 ) for the circulation of a heat exchange fluid.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF THERMALLY MODIFIED STARCH

Process for the production of thermally modified starch comprising the steps of mixing starch in powder form having a specific moisture content with an alkaline water solution to obtain a wet powder; feeding a continuous flow of said wet powder into a continuous dryer together with a continuous flow of hot air; discharging a continuous flow of dried powder from said continuous drier; supplying said continuous flow of said dried powder into a turbo-reactor, in which the inner wall of said turbo-reactor is maintained at a specific temperature; converting said dried powder into a thermally inhibited starch; and discharging said thermally inhibited starch from said turbo-reactor; it is also disclosed a thermally inhibited starch obtained from the aforementioned process with enhanced physical chemical properties. 1. A process for continuous modification of starch , comprising the steps of:a) mixing starch in powder form having a moisture content between 9% and 25% with an alkaline water solution to obtain a wet powder;b) feeding a continuous flow of said wet powder into a continuous dryer together with a continuous flow of hot air, said flow of hot air having a temperature between 100° C. and 160° C.;c) discharging a continuous flow of dried powder from said continuous drier, said dried powder having a moisture content between 2% and 4%;d) providing a turbo-reactor comprising a cylindrical tubular body having at least one inlet opening for the introduction of said continuous flow of dried powder and at least one discharge opening, a heating jacket for bringing the temperature of said tubular body to a predetermined temperature and a rotor, disposed in the cylindrical tubular body and comprising a shaft provided with elements projecting radially from it;e) supplying said continuous flow of said dried powder into said turbo-reactor, in which the inner wall of said turbo-reactor is maintained at a temperature between 150° C. and 250° C. by means of said heating jacket and ...

REACTOR AND METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS POLYMERIZATION

The invention relates to a reactor and to a method for continuous polymerization, in which said reactor for the continuous production of polymers, particularly synthetic rubbers, contains at least one substantially tubular reactor housing (), wherein said reactor housing () has a drive shaft () that is connected to at least one agitator () arranged such that it can rotate inside the reactor housing (), and the agitator contains at least one, and preferably two, three or four helical mixing elements () which are designed to be preferably close to the wall or to come into contact with the wall. 1. A reactor for the continuous production of polymers , in particular synthetic rubbers , comprising at least one essentially tubular reactor housing , the reactor housing having a drive shaft which is rotatably arranged with at least one inside the reactor housing Stirrer is connected , the stirrer containing at least one , preferably two , three or four helical mixing elements , which are preferably designed close to the wall or in contact with the wall.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , characterized in that the geometric center axis is arranged essentially horizontally or essentially vertically.3. The reactor according to claim 1 , characterized in that it has an internal displacement body which is arranged essentially along the geometric central axis.4. The reactor according to claim 1 , characterized in that the stirrer has at least one helical mixing element designed close to the wall or in contact with the reactor housing claim 1 , and at least one helical mixing element designed close to the wall or in contact with the wall of the internal displacement body.5. The reactor according to claim 3 , characterized in that the internal displacement body is designed in such a way that a temperature control medium can flow through it.6. The reactor according to claim 1 , characterized in that the helical mixing elements are designed such that the distance of the helical ...

SCALABLE HEAT EXCHANGER REFORMER FOR SYNGAS PRODUCTION

Heat exchanger-reformer for use in a hydrogen production plant for producing syngas, for instance by means of a steam methane reforming method, wherein the reformer comprises vessel with a first inlet for supplying feed and a second inlet for supplying hot reformer effluent, preferably coming from a main steam methane reformer, wherein the heat exchanger-reformer further comprises a heat exchanging section that is arranged in fluid connection with the first and second inlets for exchanging heat between the feed and reformer effluent to effectuate steam reforming of hydrocarbon to produce syngas, wherein the heat exchanging section comprises a plate heat exchanger assembly for heat exchange between said feed and said reformer effluent. 1. A heat exchanger reformer for convective steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feed , wherein the heat exchanger reformer comprises a vessel having a plate assembly section placed therein comprising of several plates positioned at a distance from each other to provide at least alternating first and second channels between adjacent plates , which vessel comprises a first inlet at a first end of the plate assembly section for supplying a mixture of a hydrocarbon feed and steam to the first channels and causing the mixture to flow in a direction toward a second end of the plate assembly section , which vessel also comprises a second inlet close to the second end of the plate assembly for supplying hot reformer effluent as a heating gas flow to the second channels , wherein the second channels comprise a first and a second section which are connected to each other , wherein the first section is provided for conducting the hot reformer effluent in a direction towards the first end of the plate assembly counter current to the flow of the hydrocarbon feed and steam mixture in the first channels , and the second section is provided for conducting the hot reformer effluent to flow in cross direction of the first channels , which second channels ...

Ozonization continuous reaction device and a working method thereof

The invention discloses an ozonization continuous reaction device, comprising a raw material inlet, a raw material distributing device, one or plurality of single reaction tubes, a product outlet and an air vent. The first end of the raw material distributing device is communicated with the raw material inlet; the first end of one or plurality of single reaction tubes is communicated with the second end of the raw material distributing device; the product outlet is communicated with the second end of the single reaction tube; ozone is conveyed to the single reaction tube via the air vent. The ozonization continuous reaction device provided by the invention realizes the large-scale and continuous production of the ozonization reaction on the basis of guaranteeing security; as the single reaction tube is arranged, the ozone amount and the liquid raw material existing in the single reaction tube in unit time become fewer, the reaction security is greatly improved; in addition, the liquid raw material and the ozone are continuously fed into the reaction device, the exhaust gas and the products are continuously discharged from the reaction device, the accumulation of the ozone is prevented, the security is greatly guaranteed, and the production capacity also can be improved to a higher level.

Method and System for Production of a Chemical Commodity Using a Fiber Conduit Reactor

A fiber reaction process whereby reactive components contained in immiscible streams are brought into contact to effect chemical reactions and separations. The conduit reactor utilized contains wettable fibers onto which one stream is substantially constrained and a second stream is flowed over to continuously create a new interface there between to efficiently bring about contact of the reactive species and thus promote reactions thereof or extractions thereby. Co-solvents and phase transfer catalysts may be employed to facilitate the process. 1. An apparatus for conducting chemical reactions and chemical extractions , the apparatus comprising: two fluid inlets at one end of the conduit, wherein one of the two fluid inlets comprises a tube extending into the conduit and a perforated node at the end of the tube, and wherein the other of the two fluid inlets is arranged up stream of the perforated node; and', 'one fluid outlet at an opposing end of the conduit;, 'a conduit comprisinga collection vessel positioned proximate the fluid outlet, wherein the collection vessel comprises two fluid outlets respectively arranged along upper and lower portions of the collection vessel; anda plurality of functionalized polymer fibers positioned longitudinally within the conduit, wherein one end of the functionalized polymer fibers are secured to the perforated node, wherein the other end of the functionalized polymer fibers extend into the collection vessel, and wherein the functionalized polymer fibers comprise acid functionalized polymer fibers, base functionalized polymer fibers, hydroxyl functionalized polymer fibers, amino functionalized polymer fibers, or ether functionalized polymer fibers.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of functionalized polymer fibers comprise materials selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic polymers claim 1 , polar polymers claim 1 , hydrophilic copolymers claim 1 , polar copolymers claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. ...

REACTOR

A polymerization device that includes: a reaction vessel that houses a polymerization solution and in which a polymerization reaction is performed; a stirring blade that stirs the polymerization solution housed in the reaction vessel; a plurality of heat transfer pipes that transfer heat to the polymerization solution in order to start the polymerization reaction and cause the polymerization reaction to proceed, and that remove, from the polymerization solution, heat generated by the polymerization reaction; and a baffle arranged between a vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes. 1. A reactor comprising:a reaction vessel that houses a polymerization solution and in which a polymerization reaction is performed;a stirring blade configured to stir the polymerization solution housed in the reaction vessel;a plurality of heat transfer pipes configured to transfer heat to the polymerization solution in order to start the polymerization reaction and cause the polymerization reaction to proceed, and to remove, from the polymerization solution, heat generated by the polymerization reaction; anda baffle arranged between a vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes; whereinthe plurality of heat transfer pipes are arranged in a circumferential shape around the stirring blade, include heat transfer pipes whose lower ends are arranged in a position higher than a bottom face of the reaction vessel, and restrict an amount of the polymerization solution circulated from an inner side to a vessel wall side of the reaction vessel, at a depth at which the heat transfer pipes are arranged, andthe baffle changes a flow direction of the polymerization solution that has flowed between the vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes arranged in the circumferential shape, and generates a flow of the polymerization solution to an inward direction of the reaction vessel.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , whereina plurality of the ...

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120.-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;a first mixer disposed in the cavity;a second mixer disposed in the cavity; andan extruder element disposed in the channel in the cavity.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first mixer and the second mixer each comprise a rotary mixing blade.23. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the extruder element is an extrusion screw.24. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first arcuate inner wall portion has a first radius of curvature and the second arcuate inner wall portion has a second radius of curvature that is larger than the first radius of curvature.25. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell ...

REACTOR

A polymerization device that includes: a reaction vessel that houses a polymerization solution and in which a polymerization reaction is performed; a stirring blade that stirs the polymerization solution housed in the reaction vessel; a plurality of heat transfer pipes that transfer heat to the polymerization solution in order to start the polymerization reaction and cause the polymerization reaction to proceed, and that remove, from the polymerization solution, heat generated by the polymerization reaction; and a baffle arranged between a vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes. 1. A manufacturing method for a reaction product comprising:housing a polymerization solution in a reaction vessel in which a polymerization reaction is performed;stirring the polymerization solution housed in the reaction vessel using a stirring blade;transferring heat to the polymerization solution in order to start the polymerization reaction and cause the polymerization reaction to proceed, and to remove, from the polymerization solution, heat generated by the polymerization reaction using a plurality of heat transfer pipes; whereinthe plurality of heat transfer pipes are arranged in a circumferential shape around the stirring blade, include a heat transfer pipe whose lower end is arranged in a position higher than a bottom face of the reaction vessel, and restrict an amount of the polymerization solution circulated from an inner side to a vessel wall side of the reaction vessel, at a depth at which the heat transfer pipes are arranged,the method further comprising changing a flow direction of the polymerization solution that has flowed between the vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes arranged in the circumferential shape using a baffle arranged between a vessel wall of the reaction vessel and the heat transfer pipes, thereby generating a flow of the polymerization solution to an inward direction of the reaction vessel, and whereinthe ...

Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems

A system and method for monitoring and/or detecting the flow of one or more fluids in a fluid system including leak detection system integral to the fluid system (e.g., at any point along a conduit, at a connection between conduits such as at a fitting assembly, etc.) configured to detect incipient, early stage levels of the leak. Based on one or more factors related to the fluid and/or the leak, the methods, devices, and systems disclosed herein can provide an indication of a suitable action or process in response to the fluid or the leak including performing preventative maintenance or providing an indication of the need of maintenance in response to the leak.

Method of Manufacturing Bio-Diesel and Reactor

A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol.

Reactor for Hydrothermal Growth of Structured Materials

Design, fabrication, and usage of a reactor are presented for synthesis of structured materials from a liquid-phase precursor by heating. The structured materials are particles, membranes or films of micro-porous molecular sieve crystals such as zeolite and meso-porous materials. The precursor solution and structured materials in the reactor are uniformly heated by a planar heater with characteristic heat transfer dimension in the range of 3 mm to 10 cm. A planar heater having width and length at least three times of the characteristic heat transfer dimension provides at least one surface of uniform temperature distribution for heating purposes. Heating is conducted over a temperature range of 20 to 300° C. The planar heater can be heated by electrical power of by thermal fluid.

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;at least one mixer disposed in the cavity; anda heating structure coupled to a surface of the wall.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the heating structure extends over a surface of the wall.23. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an inner surface of the wall.24. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an outer surface of the wall.25. The vessel of claim 24 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell and the second shell.26. The vessel of claim 25 , wherein the heating structure comprises an insulating material disposed within the annular enclosure.27. The ...

THERMAL PROCESSING REACTOR FOR MIXTURES, FABRICATION OF THE REACTOR, PROCESSES USING THE REACTORS AND USES OF THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED

A reactor and its internals used for the thermal processing of a liquid mixture. The reactor comprises plates and at least part of the surface of said plates is used to perform the thermal processing. The reactor and its internals are used for the thermal processing of various liquid mixtures containing organic compounds. The processes, for thermal processing the mixture comprising organic compounds, comprising the steps of feeding the reactor and its internals and being useful for treating wastes oils and/or for destroying hazardous and/or toxic products; and/or for reusing waste products in an environmentally acceptable form and/or way, and/or for cleaning contaminated soils or beaches, and/or cleaning tar pits, and/or use in coal-oil co-processing, and/or recovering oil from oil spills, and/or PCB free transformed oils. A process for fabricating the reactor and its internals is also proposed. 1. A reactor and internals of said reactor for thermal processing of a liquid mixture comprising at least one member chosen from a used oil , a waste oil , an heavy oil , and Marpol , said reactor comprising:a. a rotating kiln;b. a heating system;c. at least one shelf on a wall of the rotating kiln;d. a charge of plates of consistent shapes, at least a portion of said plates being held by said at least one shelf against said reactor wall so as to heat a surface of said plates for a time until rotation of said kiln causes said plates to flip and fall so as to present said heated surface of said plates to said liquid mixture to be thermally processed;e. means for bringing the liquid mixture to be thermally processed on the surface of at least part of the plates;f. means for removing the solids, produced in the reactor during the thermal processing, from the rotating kiln;g. means for recovering reaction and straight run products produced in the reactor during the thermal processing; andh. means for venting gas, obtained by the thermal processing, outside the zone defined by ...

Sabatier process and apparatus for controlling exothermic reaction

A Sabatier process involving contacting carbon dioxide and hydrogen in a first reaction zone with a first catalyst bed at a temperature greater than a first designated temperature; feeding the effluent from the first reaction zone into a second reaction zone, and contacting the effluent with a second catalyst bed at a temperature equal to or less than a second designated temperature, so as to produce a product stream comprising water and methane. The first and second catalyst beds each individually comprise an ultra-short-channel-length metal substrate. An apparatus for controlling temperature in an exothermic reaction, such as the Sabatier reaction, is disclosed.

PROCESS FOR THE OXIDATION OF STARCH-BASED MATERIALS

A process for the oxidation of powder materials containing starch, which comprises the successive steps of mixing a powder material comprising starch with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and adding to the mixture thus obtained an aqueous solution of ammonia and reacting it with said mixture; the process may also comprise a further step of drying the aforementioned mixture to obtain a powder material containing oxidized starch; the process may advantageously comprise the steps of:—feeding a continuous flow of powder material containing starch into a first reactor (R) comprising a cylindrical tubular body () and a rotor, arranged in the cylindrical tubular body, comprising a shaft () provided with elements () projecting radially therefrom and rotated at a speed greater than or equal to 50 rpm,—feeding into said reactor also a continuous flow of an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide—reacting the powder material containing starch and the hydrogen peroxide;—discharging from a discharge opening () of the first reactor a continuous flow of a wet powder and feeding this continuous flow into a second reactor (R′) comprising a cylindrical tubular body () and a rotor, arranged in the cylindrical tubular body, comprising a shaft () provided with elements () projecting radially therefrom and rotated at a speed greater than or equal to 50 rpm;—feeding into the second reactor (R′) also a continuous flow of an aqueous solution of ammonia,—discharging from a discharge opening () of the second reactor a continuous flow of a wet powder comprising oxidized starch;—drying the wet powder to a moisture content less than or equal to 20% by weight, thereby obtaining a powder material containing oxidized starch. 1. A process for the oxidation of powder materials containing starch , which is carried out in the absence of any metal compounds and which comprises the successive steps of:a) providing a powder material comprising starch;{'sub': 2', '2, 'b) mixing said material ...

Reducing and/or harvesting drag energy from transport vehicles, including for chemical reactors, and associated systems and methods

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for reducing and/or harvesting drag energy from transport vehicles. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a mobile transport platform, a donor substance source carried by the platform, and a thermochemical reactor carried by the platform and coupled to the donor substance. The reactor is configured to carry out a non-combustion dissociation process that dissociates the donor substance into a first constituent and a second constituent. An energy extraction system carried by the transport platform and positioned to extract energy from an airstream passing the transport platform is coupled to the reactor to provide energy for the dissociation process.

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING COOLING FLUID IN AN IONIC LIQUID REACTOR SYSTEM WITH A HEAT EXCHANGER

Processes for controlling the rate and temperature of cooling fluid through a heat exchange zone in, for example, an alkylation reactor using an ionic liquid catalyst. A cooling fluid system may be used to provide the cooling fluid which includes a chiller and a reservoir. The cooling fluid may pass from the reservoir through the heat exchange zone. A bypass line may be used to pass a portion of the cooling fluid around the heat exchange zone. The amount of cooling fluid may be adjusted, with a valve, based upon the temperature of the cooled process fluid flowing out of the heat exchange zone. Some of the cooling fluid from the chiller may be circulated back to the chiller in a chiller loop. 1. A process for controlling a flow of a cooling fluid through a heat exchanger , the process comprising:passing a cooling fluid from a chilling zone to a reservoir;passing a first portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir through a heat exchange zone;passing a second portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir through a bypass line around the heat exchange zone;passing a process fluid through the heat exchange zone; and,absorbing heat from the process fluid with the cooling fluid in the heat exchange zone to provide a cooled process fluid.2. The process of for comprising: adjusting the second portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir that flows through a bypass line based upon a temperature of the cooled process fluid.3. The process of wherein a temperature of the first portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir is between approximately −6.7 to 26.7° C. (20 to 80° F.).4. The process of wherein a temperature of the first portion of the cooling fluid from the reservoir is between approximately 1.7 to 12.8° C. (35 to 55° F.).5. The process of wherein the heat exchange zone comprises a plurality of heat exchangers.6. The process of wherein a first heat exchanger from the plurality of heat exchangers receives a process fluid from a first reaction zone claim 5 , ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING BIO-DIESEL AND REACTOR

A reactor and process for the production of bio-diesel. The reactor includes one or more coiled reaction lines. The lines are positioned within a tank containing a heat transfer media such as molten salt, maintained at about 750° F. A pump circulates the media within the tank. An emulsion of alcohol; refined feed stock, including glycerides and/or fatty acids; and preferably water is pumped through the reaction lines at temperatures and pressures sufficient to maintain the alcohol in a super-critical state. The curvature of the coils, pump pulsing, and the flow rate of the emulsion keep the emulsion in a turbulent state while in the reactor, ensuring thorough mixing of the alcohol and feed stock. The alcohol reacts with the glycerides and fatty acids to form bio-diesel. The reaction is fast, efficient with regard to energy input and waste generation, and requires minimal alcohol. 1. A reactor comprising:a substantially fluid tight tank comprising an interior and an exterior;a heat transfer media positioned within said tank;a plurality of reaction lines positioned within said tank, wherein said plurality of reaction lines are in thermal communication with said heat transfer media and wherein said plurality of reaction lines are in fluid communication with one another and with said exterior of said tank;a manifold configured to regulate fluid communication between said plurality of reaction lines, wherein said manifold is configured to selectively allow fluid exiting a first of said plurality of reaction lines to flow to a second of said plurality of reaction lines or to divert fluid exiting said first of said plurality of reaction lines away from said second of said plurality of reaction lines, wherein said manifold is configured to divert a fluid having a density and exiting said first of said plurality of reaction lines out of said reactor if the density of the fluid has fallen by at least about 1 pound per cubic foot;at least one means for heating said heat ...

REACTOR FOR RELEASE OF HYDROGEN FROM A LIQUID COMPOUND

A reactor configured to release hydrogen from a hydrogen-bearing, liquid compound, having a reactor vessel which comprises at least one body with metallic support structure. A solid, highly porous coating is applied on said at least one body which comprises catalytically acting substances for the release of hydrogen from the liquid, hydrogen-bearing compound, wherein the at least one body with metallic support structure comprises at least one cutout with a volume that remains the same or becomes larger from along a cross-sectional dimension extending from bottom to top, based on the reactor vessel. 1. A reactor configured to release hydrogen from a hydrogen-bearing , liquid compound , having a reactor vessel which comprises at least one body with metallic support structure , wherein a solid , highly porous coating is applied on said at least one body which comprises catalytically acting substances for the release of hydrogen from the liquid , hydrogen-bearing compound , wherein the at least one body with metallic support structure comprises at least one cutout with a volume that remains the same or becomes larger from along a cross-sectional dimension extending from bottom to top , based on the reactor vessel.2. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cutout is one of conical and frustoconical claim 1 , with a downwardly directed point to the cone.3. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the cutout is cylindrical claim 1 , with the cylinder circumference remaining the same or increasing in a step fashion along the cross-sectional dimension extending from bottom to top.4. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor vessel comprises a longitudinal axis which runs perpendicularly from bottom to top.5. The reactor as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the longitudinal axis of the reactor vessel is congruent with a longitudinal axis of the cutout.6. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor vessel is a tube bundle of individual tubes ...

REACTION APPARATUS

An apparatus for carrying out chemical reactions is provided. The apparatus comprises a first reactor/reaction zone for carrying out a first chemical reaction and a second reactor/reaction zone for carrying out a second chemical reaction. Each reactor/reaction zone comprises: a) an inner surface and an outer surface which are spaced apart from each other to define a reaction volume configured such that, in use, a respective chemical reaction takes place in the reaction volume, and wherein the inner surface and outer surface are configured for relative rotation with respect to each other, (b) an inlet for introduction of a reagent to the reaction volume, and (b) an outlet through which a reaction product can leave the reaction volume. The reaction products of the first reactor/reaction zone comprise reagents of the second reactor/reaction zone. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second reactors/reaction zones are provided by first and second reactors respectively claim 1 , wherein each reaction volume comprises a reaction chamber claim 1 , and wherein the outlet of the first reactor is coupled to the inlet of the second reactor claim 1 , optionally via a fluid conduit.3. An apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein first and/or second reactors are configurable such that the speed of relative rotation of the first reactor is the same as or different from the speed of relative rotation of the second reactor; and/or wherein the apparatus is configurable such that a flow rate of fluid from the outlet of the first reactor is equal to the flow rate of fluid into the inlet of the second reactor claim 2 , for example claim 2 , the apparatus comprises at least one pump for pumping fluid through the plurality of reactors at a constant flow rate.4. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second reactors/reaction zones are provided by first and second reaction regions of a single reactor claim 1 , and wherein each reaction volume ...

Axial/radial flow converter

In a cooled axial/radial flow converter, in which process gas passes from an outer annulus via a catalyst bed to an inner centre tube, the catalyst bed is divided into identical modules stacked on top of each other. The process gas reaches the catalyst through openings facing the outer annulus, passes axially down the catalyst bed of each module, leaves the module through collectors in the bottom thereof, and flows to the centre tube. The catalyst bed is cooled by cooling panels, in which the process gas is pre-heated to the reaction temperature, while at the same time the heat of reaction is partly removed from the catalyst bed. The converter is especially suitable as ammonia converter.

SYNTHESIS METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RAPIDLY PRODUCING LACTIDE AT HIGH YIELD

The invention discloses a synthesis method and device for rapidly producing lactide at high yield. The method comprises: adding a single component of lactic acid or two components of lactic acid and catalyst, passing the mixture through a mixer to enter an oligomer preparation system, increasing a residence time through bottom circulation, synthesizing oligomeric lactic acid, and passing a gas-phase component through a rectification system. With the adoption of the device, the lactide is capable of being efficiently synthesized, crude lactide with a yield of 94% to 98% is capable of being obtained. 1. A synthesis method for rapidly producing lactide at high yield , comprising the following steps of:(1) using L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid, or DL-lactic acid as a raw material, carrying out a polymerization synthesis reaction at 100° C. to 180° C. under an absolute pressure of 1 KPa to 100 KPa, improving a yield by recovering lactic acid from a light component, and improving a molecular weight of oligolactic acid through reflux a heavy component, so as to obtain oligolactic acid with a weight-average molecular weight of 500 Da to 3,000 Da;(2) purifying the oligolactic acid obtained in step (1) to remove unreacted lactic acid and water; and(3) depolymerizing the oligolactic acid purified in step (2) under an action of a catalyst at 200° C. to 260° C. under an absolute pressure of 0.1 KPa to 1 KPa, purifying and collecting the light component to obtain a lactide product, and refluxing and depolymerizing the heavy component again.2. The synthesis method for rapidly producing lactide at high yield according to claim 1 , wherein in step (1) claim 1 , the polymerization synthesis reaction is carried out in the presence of an oligomerization catalyst claim 1 , and the oligomerization catalyst is any one of zinc oxide claim 1 , zinc lactate claim 1 , zinc acetate claim 1 , zinc isooctanoate claim 1 , zinc stearate claim 1 , stannous oxide claim 1 , stannous oxide claim 1 , ...

REACTOR DEVICE FOR REACTION FLUID

A reactor device () for reaction fluid comprising a reaction vessel () comprising: an end cap () comprising at least one passage () for the reaction fluid; and at least one tube () which extends through the reaction vessel (). The reaction vessel is operable to receive a control fluid outside the at least one tube () for controlling the temperature inside the at least one tube (). A manifold () is connectable to the end cap () and comprises at least one channel () for reaction fluid. An outlet () from the manifold () is in fluid communication with the tube (). The end cap () has a thermal conductivity of greater than watt per square meter kelvin to provide a thermal coupling between the control fluid and the manifold (). 1. A reactor device for reaction fluid comprising: an end cap comprising at least one passage for the reaction fluid; and', 'at least one tube which extends through the reaction vessel, wherein the or each tube comprises a first end, and a second end extending through the reaction vessel and defining an opening providing fluid communication out of the reaction vessel;, 'a reaction vessel comprisingwherein the reaction vessel is operable to receive a control fluid outside the at least one tube for controlling the temperature inside the at least one tube;a manifold connectable to the end cap and comprising at least one channel for the reaction fluid extending between at least one inlet and at least one outlet;wherein the or each outlet from the manifold is in fluid communication with the first end of a respective tube extending through a passage in the end cap;wherein the end cap has a thermal conductivity of greater than 1 watt per square meter kelvin to provide a thermal coupling between the control fluid and the manifold.2. A reactor device according to wherein the end cap has a thermal conductivity of greater than 10 watts per square meter kelvin.3. A reactor device according to claim 1 , wherein the end cap is detachable.4. A reactor device ...

CONTINUOUS ACOUSTIC CHEMICAL MICROREACTOR

A continuous acoustic chemical microreactor system is disclosed. The system includes a continuous process vessel (CPV) and an acoustic agitator coupled to the CPV and configured to agitate the CPV along an oscillation axis. The CPV includes a reactant inlet configured to receive one or more reactants into the CPV, an elongated tube coupled at a first end to the reactant inlet and configured to receive the reactants from the reactant inlet, and a product outlet coupled to a second end of the elongated tube and configured to discharge a product of a chemical reaction among the reactants from the CPV. The acoustic agitator is configured to agitate the CPV along the oscillation axis such that the inner surface of the elongated tube accelerates the one or more reactants in alternating upward and downward directions along the oscillation axis. 1. A method of continuously processing a combination of materials in a chemical microreactor , the method comprising:introducing, via a reactant inlet, one or more reactants into an elongated tube coupled at a first end to the reactant inlet and configured to receive the reactants from the reactant inlet, wherein the elongated tube has an inner surface having a hydraulic diameter of less than 2.5 cm;agitating, using an acoustic agitator coupled to the continuous process vessel, the continuous process vessel along the oscillation axis at a frequency greater than 10 Hz and less than 100 Hz such that the inner surface of the elongated tube accelerates the one or more reactants in alternating upward and downward directions along the oscillation axis; anddischarging, from a product outlet coupled to a second end of the elongated tube, a product of a chemical reaction among the reactants from the continuous process vessel.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising:introducing, via a coolant inlet, a cooling fluid into an interstitial region within the continuous process vessel and surrounding the elongated tube, the interstitial region ...

SOLUTION CONVEYING AND COOLING APPARATUS

To provide a solution conveying and cooling apparatus that enables removal of a deposit of solid material, or a fouling deposit, inside the apparatus with extremely simple work equipment by fewer on-site workers in a short tune without any dangerous work such as hydroblasting. The solution conveying and cooling apparatus has a rigid outer tube for a cooling medium and a plurality of rigid outer tubes for solution arranged parallel to each other inside the rigid outer tube for a cooling medium. A thin inner tube is disposed inside each of the rigid outer tubes for solution, this thin inner tube having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the rigid outer tube for solution at normal temperature and pressure, and expanding by an increase in at least one of temperature and pressure of a solution conveyed and as a result contacting with an inner surface of the rigid outer tube for solution that is cooled by the cooling medium. 1. A solution conveying and cooling apparatus having a rigid outer tube for a cooling medium and a plurality of rigid outer tubes for solution arranged parallel to each other inside the rigid outer tube for a cooling medium , the apparatus being characterized in thata thin inner tube is disposed inside each of said rigid outer tubes for solution, said thin inner tube having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of said rigid outer tube for solution at normal temperature and pressure, expanding by an increase in at least one of temperature and pressure of a solution conveyed and, as a result, contacting with an inner surface of said rigid outer tube for solution, and moreover contracting in diameter, by cooling or pressure drop of said solution.2. The solution conveying and cooling apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said thin inner tube is made of an SUS300-based stainless steel.3. The solution conveying and cooling apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said thin inner tube is made of an aluminum alloy.4. The ...

Catalytic N2O Pilot Ignition System for Upper Stage Scramjets

A system including a catalytic heat exchanger reactor configured to carry out exothermic decomposition of stable chemical species possessing positive heats of formation. In an embodiment, the reactor is configured to enhance decomposition reaction rates by contacting gas entering with a hot surface. The catalytic heat exchanger is configured to receive NO and create Nand O. A torch is created by fuel together with the hot Nand the O. In an embodiment, the reactor is configured to, after an initial period of time, to allow a rapid transfer of products of the decomposition reaction into an engine. In an embodiment, the reactor is configured to enhance decomposition reaction rates by contacting gas entering with a hot surface, and the catalytic heat exchanger reactor is configured to promote the atomization and vaporization of liquid and gelled fuels with gas. Other embodiments are also disclosed. 1. A system comprising a catalytic heat exchanger reactor configured to carry out an exothermic decomposition of stable chemical species possessing positive heats of formation , and the catalytic heat exchanger reactor configured to enhance decomposition reaction rates by contacting the gas entering the reactor with a hot surface generated by the exothermic decomposition of stable chemical species during regenerative heat transfer , wherein the catalytic heat exchanger reactor is further configured to extract fluid from an outer passage to provide warm , pressurized gas for an ancillary process.2. The system of wherein the catalytic heat exchanger is configured to receive NO and creates Nand O.3. The system of further comprising a torch created by fuel and the hot Nand the Ofrom the catalytic heat exchanger.4. The system of wherein the catalytic heat exchanger reactor includes a thermally stable catalyst coated on the reactor walls that bound the annular flow paths in the reactor.5. The system of wherein the thermally stable catalyst is active at a temperature over 350° C.6. ...

Heat treatment device

A heat treatment device causing a first fluid and a second fluid to flow therethrough includes heat transfer bodies including first flow channels through which the first fluid flows and second flow channels through which the second fluid flows adjacent to the first flow channels without contact, and pipe-like members detachably placed in the first flow channels and each including a pipe wall having an outer wall surface conforming to a wall surface defining each first flow channel and an inner wall surface with which the first fluid comes into contact.

METHOD FOR PROVIDING SYNTHESIS GAS BY MEANS OF AN ADDITIONAL ELECTRIC HEATER

A reformer for steam reforming a hydrocarbon-containing mixture, including a combustion chamber, a burner arranged within the combustion chamber, a first reactor tube which is arranged at least in sections within the combustion chamber, a catalyst arranged inside the first reactor tube, and an electrically heatable heating element is arranged inside the first reactor tube. 121.-. (canceled)22. A reformer for the steam reforming of a hydrocarbon-containing mixture , at least comprising:a combustion chamber,a burner disposed within the combustion chamber,a first reactor tube which is disposed at least sectionally within the combustion chamber,a catalyst disposed within the first reactor tube, andan electric heating element disposed within the first reactor tube.23. The reformer of further comprising a second reactor tube with a catalyst disposed within the second reactor tube claim 22 , the second reactor tube free of a heating element.24. The reformer of wherein the first reformer tube has protrusions or constrictions in the region of the electric heating element.25. The reformer of wherein the electric heating element comprises an inductively heatable heating element.26. The reformer of wherein the inductively heatable heating element has at least one heating tube and a metallic wire or a metallic coating wound at least sectionally around the heating tube.27. The reformer of wherein some or all of the heating tube has a metallic surface.28. The reformer of wherein the metallic wire lies on the heating tube via notches.29. The reformer of wherein the heating tube is filled with the catalyst or with a second catalyst different from the catalyst.30. The reformer of wherein the catalyst is disposed within the first reactor tube and within the heating tube.31. The reformer of wherein the ratio of the diameter of the first reactor tube claim 22 , ∅ claim 22 , to the diameter of the heating tube claim 22 , ∅ claim 22 , expressed as ∅/∅ claim 22 , is from 100 to 2.32. The ...

TUBULAR REACTOR AND METHOD FOR MULTI-PHASE POLYMERISATION

The present invention relates to a tubular reactor (14) for multi-phase polymerization, in particular for producing butyl rubber, comprising a pipe piece (16) for radially delimiting a reactor volume between an inlet (18) and an outlet (20), a stirrer (22) for generating a flow (27) in the radial direction of the pipe piece (16), wherein the stirrer (22) is dimensioned and operable such that the flow (27) is impartable with a centrifugal force which generates a concentration distribution in the radial direction inside the pipe piece (16) and an outlet conduit (32) for discharging a concentrated radially inner part (30) of the flow (27, 28). Enrichment of polymer particles in the radially inner part (30) of the flow (27, 28) avoids gumming of the pipe piece (16) by the polymer particles so that the risk of a blockage is reduced. 1. A tubular reactor for multiphase polymerization , in particular for producing butyl rubber , the tubular reactor comprising;a pipe piece for radially delimiting a reactor volume between an inlet and an outlet,a stirrer for generating a flow in the axial direction of the pipe piece, wherein the stirrer is preferably dimensioned and operable such that the flow is impartable with a centrifugal force which generates a concentration distribution in the radial direction inside the pipe piece, andan outlet conduit for discharging a radially inner part of the flow.2. The tubular reactor as claimed in wherein claim 1 , by virtue of the stirrer a biphasic layered rotational flow having at least two layers of different concentration is impartable in a separating region assigned to the outlet inside the pipe piece.3. The tubular reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the stirrer is positioned adjacent to the inlet and a first feed for introduction of a first reactant and a second feed for introduction of a second reactant and/or catalyst is provided claim 1 , wherein the first feed and the second feed open into the pipe piece in particular adjacent ...

REACTOR SYSTEMS

This disclosure relates to reaction container systems providing for headspace-based condensation, coalescing devices, and other features. 1. A system comprising:a. a reaction container;b. at least one heat transfer system;c. a jacketed tank head positioned above the reaction container; and,d. a coalescer comprising an internal tortuous fluidic pathway and being positioned on the jacketed tank head; the reaction container can comprise a first zone comprising a reaction mixture maintained at a first temperature;', 'the reaction container can comprise a second zone comprising a headspace above the reaction mixture into which humid gas migrating from the reaction mixture can migrate; and,', 'the second zone can be maintained at a second temperature lower than that of the first temperature; and,', 'fluid migrating from the second zone may coalesce within the internal tortuous fluidic channel of the coalescer., 'wherein2. The system of wherein the reaction container is a disposable reaction container.3. The system of or further comprising a reaction vessel comprising a heat transfer system.4. The system of wherein the jacketed tank head is integral with a reaction vessel in which the reaction system is contained.5. The system of any preceding claim wherein:a. the disposable reaction container comprises first and second zones, the first zone comprising a reaction mixture and the second zone comprising a headspace into which humid gas migrates from the first zone;b. a heat transfer system for maintaining the first zone at a first temperature; and,c. a heat transfer system for maintaining the second zone at a second temperature lower than the first temperature; and,d. fluid migrating from the headspace coalesces within the internal fluidic channel of the coalescer.6. The system of any preceding claim wherein heat transfer is accomplished by radiative claim 3 , convective claim 3 , conductive or direct contact claim 3 , and/or the heat transfer fluid is gas and/or liquid.7. ...

METHOD FOR THE PHOSGENATION OF COMPOUNDS COMPRISING HYDROXYL, THIOL, AMINO AND/OR FORMAMIDE GROUPS

A method of reacting a first compound with a second compound, wherein the first compound has a GHS hazard identification of GHS06 and is obtainable from the reaction of at least one first fluid precursor compound and one second fluid precursor compound and wherein the second compound is capable of a chemical reaction with the first compound is provided 1. A method of reacting a first compound with a second compound ,wherein the first compound has a GHS hazard identification of GHS06 and is obtainable from the reaction of at least one first fluid precursor compound and one second fluid precursor compoundand wherein the second compound is capable of a chemical reaction with the first compound,comprising:(I) providing a liquid phase containing the second compound in a reactor having an upper end and a lower end viewed in the direction of gravity; the lower end of the contact tube is immersed into the liquid phase containing the second compound and', 'a catalyst bed present in the contact tube is set up to catalyze the reaction between the first and second precursor compounds to give the first compound;, '(II) providing a contact tube having an upper end and a lower end in the reactor, wherein'}(III) introducing the first and second precursor compounds through the contact tube, with the first compound formed in the contact tube exiting from the lower end of the contact tube and coming into contact with liquid phase containing the second compound.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first compound is phosgene claim 1 , the first precursor compound is carbon monoxide claim 1 , the second precursor compound is chlorine claim 1 , the catalyst present in the catalyst bed is an activated carbon catalyst and the second compound is a compound containing one or more of hydroxyl claim 1 , thiol claim 1 , amino and/or formamide groups.3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the activated carbon catalyst has a BET surface area of ≧300 to ≦2000 m/g and a dof the ...

Generating Elemental Sulfur

Techniques for generating elemental sulfur are provided herein. The disclosed methods may include a gas processing system including a processed feed gas. The methods may include a distillation column configured to receive the processed feed gas and to generate a high-pressure acid gas stream. The methods may include a reactor configured to partially combust the high-pressure acid gas stream to generate a limiting reactant. The methods may include a plurality of reactors configured with a shell side and a plurality of reaction tubes, where a reaction between the high-pressure acid gas stream and the limiting reactant produces a partially-reacted high-pressure acid gas containing elemental sulfur. The methods may include a plurality of condensers configured to condense the elemental sulfur. The methods may include a plurality of separators configured to separate out the partially-reacted high-pressure acid gas stream to recover elemental sulfur. 1. A system for generating elemental sulfur , comprising:a gas treatment system to provide a processed feed gas;a distillation column configured to receive the processed feed gas and to generate a high-pressure acid gas stream;a reactor configured to partially combust the high-pressure acid gas stream to generate a limiting reactant;a plurality of reactors configured with a shell side and a tube side, wherein the tube side comprises a plurality of reaction tubes, and wherein a reaction between the high-pressure acid gas stream and the limiting reactant produces a partially-reacted high-pressure acid gas containing elemental sulfur;a plurality of condensers configured to condense the elemental sulfur; anda plurality of separators configured to separate out a partially-reacted high-pressure acid gas stream to recover elemental sulfur.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the high-pressure acid gas stream is at a pressure of at least 500 psig.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the processed feed gas comprises substantially carbon ...

Method And System For Production Of A Chemical Commodity Using A Fiber Conduit Reactor

An apparatus includes a conduit with two process fluid inlets at one end of the conduit, one process fluid outlet at an opposing end, a heat exchange medium inlet, and a heat exchange medium outlet. One of the fluid inlets includes a tube extending into the conduit and a perforated node at the end of the tube, and the other of the fluid inlets is arranged up stream of the perforated node. The apparatus further includes hollow tubes positioned longitudinally within the conduit between the two process fluid inlets, the process fluid outlet, the heat exchange medium inlet and the heat exchange medium outlet. In addition, the apparatus includes a collection vessel positioned proximate the fluid outlet and fibers extending through each of the hollow tubes, wherein one end of the fibers is secured to the perforated node and the other end of the fibers extends into the collection vessel. 1. An apparatus for conducting chemical reactions and chemical extractions , the apparatus comprising: two process fluid inlets at one end of the conduit, wherein one of the two fluid inlets comprises a tube extending into the conduit and a perforated node at the end of the tube, and wherein the other of the two fluid inlets is arranged up stream of the perforated node;', 'one process fluid outlet at an opposing end of the conduit;', 'a heat exchange medium inlet; and', 'a heat exchange medium outlet;, 'a conduit comprisinga collection vessel positioned proximate the fluid outlet, wherein the collection vessel comprises two fluid outlets respectively arranged along upper and lower portions of the collection vessel;a plurality of hollow tubes positioned longitudinally within the conduit between the two process fluid inlets, the process fluid outlet, the heat exchange medium inlet and the heat exchange medium outlet; anda plurality of fibers extending through each of the plurality of hollow tubes, wherein one end of the plurality of fibers is secured to the perforated node, wherein the other ...

Heat Transfer Baffle System and Uses Thereof

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided. 1. A heat transfer baffle comprising at least one distribution channel and at least one relief channel.222-. (canceled) This application claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 61/240,029 filed Sep. 4, 2009.This disclosure relates to equipment utilized to manufacture chemical agents, particularly biopharmaceuticals.This disclosure relates to equipment having reaction vessels used to manufacture chemical and/or biological products such as biopharmaceuticals. For instance, fermentors commonly provide a reaction vessel for cultivation of microbial organisms or mammalian, insect, or plant cells to produce such products. It is important to control the temperature of the reaction to ensure optimal production of the product. For example, fermentations typically produce excess heat that must be dissipated or removed from the system to ensure proper reaction conditions. Those of skill in the art have suggested various systems for controlling the temperature within reaction vessels, as briefly reviewed below. However, there remains a need in the art for improved heat control systems that also incorporates the use of sanitary material surfaces, such as that provided herein.Previously available systems are described in several U.S. and foreign patents. For instance, U.S. Pat. No. 2,973,944 (Etter, et al.) describes a system of “individual coil units” that each contain a group of tubes that serve as heat transfer elements in a reaction vessel. The units are indirectly affixed to the inner part of the vessel using bracing members located at the top, bottom, and/or throughout the length of each unit. The '944 patent points out that an advantage of such indirect attachment is that the expansion and contraction units during will not damage the reactor ...

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 1. A vessel comprising:a first shell; and a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature; and', 'a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature;', 'wherein the first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature., 'a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell defining a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, a cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis including2. The vessel of claim 1 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell and the second shell.3. The vessel of claim 2 , further comprising a support structure disposed within the annular enclosure claim 2 , wherein portions of the support structure extend transverse to the longitudinal axis and extending circumferentially about a portion of an exterior surface of the second shell.4. The vessel of claim 1 , further comprising a heating structure coupled to the wall of the second shell.5. The vessel of claim 2 , further comprising an insulating material disposed within the annular enclosure.6. The vessel of claim 2 , further comprising a pump operatively coupled to the first ...

REACTOR

A reactor includes a reaction-side flow passage through which a reaction fluid being a fluid constituting a reaction object flows; a temperature controller (heat-medium side flow passage) configured to heat or cool the reaction fluid from outside the reaction-side flow passage; and a catalyst configured to promote a reaction of the reaction fluid, the catalyst provided in the reaction-side flow passage so that a contact area with the reaction fluid is larger on a downstream side than on an upstream side in the reaction-side flow passage. 1. A reactor comprising:a reaction-side flow passage through which a reaction fluid as a reaction object flows;a temperature controller configured to heat or cool the reaction fluid from outside the reaction-side flow passage; anda catalyst configured to promote a reaction of the reaction fluid, the catalyst provided in the reaction-side flow passage so that a contact area with the reaction fluid is larger on a downstream side than on an upstream side in the reaction-side flow passage.2. The reactor according to claim 1 , whereinthe temperature controller includes a heat-medium side flow passage through which a heat medium flows as a fluid performing heat exchange with the reaction fluid flowing through the reaction-side flow passage, the heat-medium side flow passage being provided in parallel with the reaction-side flow passage with a heat-transfer partition in between.3. The reactor according to claim 2 , whereina gas flows as the heat medium in the heat-medium side flow passage.4. The reactor according to claim 2 , whereinthe reaction-side flow passage and the heat-medium side flow passage are alternately stacked.5. The reactor according to claim 3 , whereinthe reaction-side flow passage and the heat-medium side flow passage are alternately stacked.6. The reactor according to claim 1 , wherein:the catalyst has a plate shape; andthe catalyst is divided into a plurality of parts and arranged in a flowing direction of the reaction ...

REACTOR AND REACTION SYSTEM

The reactor has a heat exchanging body which includes therein a heat medium flow channel in which heat medium fluid is caused to flow, a reaction flow channel in which a reaction fluid containing a first reactant (and a second reactant) is caused to flow, and a supplement channel for supplying a second reactant at an intermediate portion of the reaction flow channel. A catalyst is provided in the reaction flow channel and promotes the reaction in the reaction fluid. The heat exchanging body has a plurality of holes through which the supplement channel communicates with the reaction flow channel. Steam reforming can be performed using water vapor and hydrocarbon as the first and second reactants. 1. A reactor that causes a reaction in a reaction fluid to progress by utilizing heat exchange between a heat medium fluid and the reaction fluid , comprising:a heat exchanging body that has therein a heat medium flow channel in which the heat medium fluid is caused to flow, a reaction flow channel in which a reaction fluid containing a first reactant is caused to flow, and a supplement channel which is caused to supply a second reactant at an intermediate portion of the reaction flow channel; anda catalyst that is provided in the reaction flow channel and promotes the reaction in the reaction fluid.2. The reactor as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanging body is formed to include a plurality of holes through which the supplement channel communicates with intermediate portions of the reaction flow channel claim 1 , and the second reactant is supplied to the reaction fluid in the reaction flow channel intermittently through the plurality of holes.3. The reactor as set forth in claim 1 , further comprising:a distributor that divides the second reactant into a portion and a remaining portion; anda mixer that produces a mixture containing the first reactant and the portion of the second reactant divided by the distributor,wherein the distributor supplies the ...

FIBER CONDUIT REACTOR WITH A HEAT EXCHANGE MEDIUM INLET AND A HEAT EXCHANGE MEDIUM OUTLET

An apparatus includes a conduit with two process fluid inlets at one end of the conduit, one process fluid outlet at an opposing end, a heat exchange medium inlet, and a heat exchange medium outlet. One of the fluid inlets includes a tube extending into the conduit and a perforated node at the end of the tube, and the other of the fluid inlets is arranged up stream of the perforated node. The apparatus further includes hollow tubes positioned longitudinally within the conduit between the two process fluid inlets, the process fluid outlet, the heat exchange medium inlet and the heat exchange medium outlet. In addition, the apparatus includes a collection vessel positioned proximate the fluid outlet and fibers extending through each of the hollow tubes, wherein one end of the fibers is secured to the perforated node and the other end of the fibers extends into the collection vessel. 1. An apparatus for conducting chemical reactions and chemical extractions , the apparatus comprising: two process fluid inlets near a first end of the conduit, wherein each of the two process fluid inlets comprises a tube extending into the conduit;', 'a heat exchange medium inlet; and', 'a heat exchange medium outlet;, 'a conduit comprisinga collection vessel position proximate a second end of the conduit opposing the first end, wherein the collection vessel comprises two fluid outlets respectively arranged along upper and lower portions of the collection vessel;a plurality of hollow tubes positioned longitudinally within the conduit between the tubes of the two process fluid inlets extending in the conduit and the collection vessel, wherein the heat exchange medium inlet of the conduit is near one end of the hollow tubes, and wherein the heat exchange medium outlet of the conduit is near an opposing end of the hollow tubes;distinct sets of fibers respectively extending through the plurality of hollow tubes, wherein one end of each of the distinct sets of fibers is secured to a ...

METHOD FOR PHOSGENATING COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HYDROXYL, THIOL, AMINO AND/OR FORMAMIDE GROUPS

The invention relates to a method particularly for reacting phosgene with compounds that contain hydroxyl, thiol, amino and/or formamide groups, comprising the steps of: (I) providing a reactor which has a first reaction chamber () and a second reaction chamber (), the first and the second reaction chambers being separated from one another by means of a porous carbon membrane (); (II) providing carbon monoxide and chlorine in the first reaction chamber; and simultaneously (III) providing a compound containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino and/or formamide groups in the second reaction chamber. The porous carbon membrane is configured to catalyse the reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine to obtain phosgene, and to allow this formed phosgene to pass into the second reaction chamber. The invention also relates to a reactor that is suitable for carrying out the claimed method. 1. A reactor for reaction of phosgene with one or more_compounds containing one or more hydroxyl , thiol , amino and/or formamide groups , comprising:a first reaction space and a second reaction space, wherein the first and second reaction spaces are separated from one another by a porous carbon membrane;anda catalyst for the reaction of phosgene with the compound containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino and/or formamide groups, arranged at least partly on the side of the porous carbon membrane facing the second reaction space.2. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an open-cell foam is additionally present in the first reaction space.3. The reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises a multitude of first reaction spaces surrounded by a common second reaction space. This is a Divisional Application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/503,855, filed Aug. 17, 2015, which is a § 371 National Stage Application of PCT/EP2015/068811, filed Aug. 17, 2015, which claims priority to German Application No. 10 2014 111 902.9 filed Aug. 20, 2014. Each of these applications is incorporated by ...

CATALYTIC N2O PILOT IGNITION SYSTEM FOR UPPER STAGE SCRAMJETS

There is disclosed a system including a catalytic heat exchanger reactor configured to carry out exothermic decomposition of stable chemical species possessing positive heats of formation. In an embodiment, the reactor is configured to enhance decomposition reaction rates by contacting gas entering with a hot surface. The catalytic heat exchanger is configured to receive NO and create Nand O. A torch is created by fuel together with the hot Nand the O. In an embodiment, the reactor is configured to, after an initial period of time, to allow a rapid transfer of products of the decomposition reaction into an engine. In an embodiment, the reactor is configured to enhance decomposition reaction rates by contacting gas entering with a hot surface, and the catalytic heat exchanger reactor is configured to promote the atomization and vaporization of liquid and gelled fuels with gas. Other embodiments are also disclosed. 1. A system comprising a catalytic heat exchanger reactor configured to carry out an exothermic decomposition of stable chemical species possessing positive heats of formation , and the catalytic heat exchanger reactor configured to enhance decomposition reaction rates by contacting the gas entering the reactor with a hot surface generated by the exothermic decomposition of stable chemical species during regenerative heat transfer.2. The system of wherein the catalytic heat exchanger is configured to receive NO and creates Nand O.3. The system of further comprising a torch created by fuel and the hot Nand the Ofrom the catalytic heat exchanger.4. The system of wherein the catalytic heat exchanger reactor includes a thermally stable catalyst coated on the reactor walls that bound the annular flow paths in the reactor.5. The system of wherein the thermally stable catalyst is active at a temperature over 350° C.6. The system of wherein a location and quantity of the catalyst is adjustable to optimize the balance obtained between catalytic decomposition of NO ...

Apparatus and method for producing ethylene polymer

An apparatus and method for producing ethylene polymer are provided which employ a conduit in the form of a closed loop (i.e. loop reactor) for receiving a flow of a monomer which includes ethylene, a polymerization catalyst and a diluent therethrough for the polymerization of the monomer to ethylene polymer. The conduit comprises at least one pipe constructed of rolled plate around which coolant fluid passes in heat exchange relationship.

Process for the production of high molecular weight ethylene polymers

Polymer stream transfer

A process for heating a polymer-containing stream being transferred from a polymerization reactor to a separation zone or device is described, comprising passing the stream through a heater comprising at least one transfer line for the stream and means for heating the transfer line, wherein the average particle size of the solid polymer is less than 3mm, the mass flowrate of the polymer-containing stream exiting the heater is no more than 15% greater than the mass flowrate exiting the reactor, and the average velocity of the polymer-containing stream at 80% along the length of the heated part of the transfer line measured from the transfer line inlet is at least 6 m/s, preferably at least 8m/s and more preferably at least 10m/s.

Method for continuously producing cross-linked fine-particle geleous polymerizates

The invention relates to a method for continuously producing cross-linked, fine-particle geleous polymerizates by copolymerizing: a) water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers; b) 0.001 to 5 mol %, with regard to monomers (a), of monomers containing at least two ethylenically unsaturated double bonds, and; (c) 0 to 20 mol %, with regard to monomers (a), of water-insoluble monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in 20 to 80 wt. % of an aqueous solution in the presence of an initiator and at temperatures ranging from 0 to 140 °C, whereby the aqueous solution of the monomers, together with the initiator and an inert gas, are continuously fed to a kneader-mixer having at least two shafts which rotate parallel to the axis. A number of kneading and transport elements are situated on the shafts and deliver the substances, which are added at the entry to the kneader-mixer, in an axial direction to the end of the mixer. The inventive method is characterized in that the proportion of the heat dissipation effected by evaporating water out of the reaction mixture equals at least 5 % of the reaction heat, and the proportion of the heat dissipation effected by product discharge equals at least 25 % of the reaction heat, and the remaining heat dissipation is effected by cooling the reactor walls.

A continuous polymerization process for the manufacture of superabsorbent polymers

A continuous process for producing water-insoluble, water-swellable polymers comprises subjecting a monomer and initiator to polymerization conditions in a reactor system having at least 3 zones.

Reaktor zur durchführung rascher stark exothermer reaktionen und dessen verwendung

Es wird ein Rohrbündelreaktor (1) für rasche stark exotherme Reaktionen beschrieben. Dieser besteht aus einem Reaktorgehäuse (2) mit einem Bündel (3) von Rohren (6), die ggf. radial zu ihrer Längenausdehnung miteinander verbunden sind, als Reaktionszone, Eduktzuleitungen (4, 11), einem Produktauslaß (12) und einem Wärmetauscher (5) und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eduktzuleitungen (4) als in den Rohren (6) der Bündel (3) verlaufende und mit einer Vielzahl von Öffnungen (7) versehene Rohrleitungen (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) ausgeführt sind, wobei die Öffnungen (7) in den Rohrleitungen (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) über die ganze Länge oder einen Längenabschnitt der Reaktionszone verteilt sind.

Method for producing amines

The invention relates to a method for producing amines by hydrogenating nitro compounds and is characterized in that the hydrogenation is carried out in a vertical reactor whose diameter is larger than its length. The reactor comprises a jet nozzle which is arranged in the upper area of the reactor and which is directed downwards. The educts and the reaction mixture are delivered via said jet nozzle. The reactor also comprises an outlet situated in any position of the reactor via which the reaction mixture in an outer circuit is delivered once again to the jet nozzle by means of a conveying organ, and the reactor has a flow reverse situated in the lower area of the reactor.

Bulk polymerization reactor methods

A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.

Bulk polymerization reactors and methods for polymerization

A polymerization reactor having at least three side wall surfaces and a bottom wall surface forming a reservoir and at least one heat exchanger plate in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.

Reactor and method for the synthesis of vinyl acetate in the gas phase

On-line early warning detection system of runaway initiation using chaos theory techniques

An online early warning detection system of runaway initiation in a batch chemical reactor. The system includes sensors for measuring the temperature in the reactor and/or jacket in different regions and at different instants and a device for deducing therefrom criteria for dangerous runaway conditions. This is accomplished by defining the area evolution of the system in the reconstructed phase according to the following formula: div  [ F  ( t ) ] = ( 1 / t )  ln  area  ( P1 t = Δ , P2 t + Δ     t , P3 t + Δ     t ) area  ( P1 t , P2 t , P3 t ) where area signifies the area of the parallelogram given by points P1, P2, P3 at the instant t and t+Δt respectively. An alarm is provided when div[F(t)]>0.

OLEFIN solution

Separation of polymer slurries

Methods for producing elastomers or elastomeric compositions are provided. One or more C 4 to C 7 isoolefins and one or more comonomers can be polymerized in the presence of a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbons to provide a slurry comprising polymer product, unreacted monomer and the diluent. The slurry can be extruded to separate at least a portion of the diluent from the polymer product. The separated diluent can be recycled for polymerizing the one or more C 4 to C 7 isoolefins.

Separation of polymer slurries

Methods for producing elastomers or elastomeric compositions are provided. One or more C 4 to C 7 isoolefins and one or more comonomers can be polymerized in the presence of a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbons to provide a slurry comprising polymer product, unreacted monomer and the diluent. The slurry can be extruded to separate at least a portion of the diluent from the polymer product. The separated diluent can be recycled for polymerizing the one or more C 4 to C 7 isoolefins.

Separation of polymer slurries

Methods for producing elastomers or elastomeric compositions are provided. One or more C4 to C7 isoolefins and one or more comonomers can be polymerized in the presence of a diluent comprising one or more hydrofluorocarbons to provide a slurry comprising polymer product, unreacted monomer and the diluent. The slurry can be extruded to separate at least a portion of the diluent from the polymer product. The separated diluent can be recycled for polymerizing the one or more C4 to C7 isoolefins.

発熱性または吸熱性化学反応工程用反応器

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Olefin solution polymerization

A solution polymerization system for polymerizing an olefin monomer by reacting the monomer with catalyst and solvent has been invented. The system in one aspect includes a flow loop with a product polymer outlet, the flow loop forming a recycling reactor, a cataylst inlet on the flow loop through which catalyst and solvent flow into the flow loop, a monomer inlet on the flow loop through which monomer and solvent flow into the flow loop and, with the catalyst, form a reactant material stream, a first heat exchanger on the flow loop for receiving the reactant materials stream and any formed polymer and for removing heat of reaction or polymerization from the flow loop, and pump apparatus for pumping the reactant materials stream and formed polymer in the flow loop and from the first heat exchanger to the product polymer outlet. In one aspect, the system includes at least one additional heat exchanger on the flow loop for receiving the reactant materials stream and formed polymer and for removing heat of reaction or polymerization from the flow loop, the pump apparatus pumping formed polymer and remaining reactant materials to the product polymer outlet, and a portion of the formed polymer and remaining reactant materials flowing out from the product polymer outlet and the remainder recycling through the flow loop. In one aspect systems and methods according to the present invention are used to make polyethylene.

On-line early warning detection system of runaway initiation using chaos theory techniques

The present invention is related to an online early warning detection system of runaway initiation in a batch chemical reactor, comprising means (12) for measuring the temperature in the reactor and/or its jacket at different points and at different instants, and means (3 to 5) for deducing therefrom criteria for dangerous runaway conditions. According to the invention, said deducing means (3 to 5) include means (5) for defining the area evolution of the system in the reconstructed phase space according to the formula div [F(t)] = (1/t) ln area(P1 t+Δt , P2 t+Δt , P3 t+Δt ) area (P1 t , P2 t , P3 t ) wherein are signifies the area of the parallelogram given by points P1, P2, P3 at the instant t and t+Δt respectively, and means (8, 9) for launching an alarm, if div[F(t)] > 0.

Process for the catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbons.

Continuous acoustic chemical microreactor

A continuous acoustic chemical microreactor system is disclosed. The system includes a continuous process vessel (CPV) and an acoustic agitator coupled to the CPV and configured to agitate the CPV along an oscillation axis. The CPV includes a reactant inlet configured to receive one or more reactants into the CPV, an elongated tube coupled at a first end to the reactant inlet and configured to receive the reactants from the reactant inlet, and a product outlet coupled to a second end of the elongated tube and configured to discharge a product of a chemical reaction among the reactants from the CPV. The acoustic agitator is configured to agitate the CPV along the oscillation axis such that the inner surface of the elongated tube accelerates the one or more reactants in alternating upward and downward directions along the oscillation axis.

Mechanical system that continuously processes a combination of materials

The present application is directed towards systems and methods for continuously reacting a combination of materials by use of an acoustic agitator and a continuous process vessel. The system can react, fluidize, mix, coat, dry, combine or segregate materials. The continuous processing system can include an acoustic agitator capable of being removably coupled to a continuous process vessel. The continuous process vessel can include a first inlet for introducing at least one process ingredient, a plurality of plates configured for directing a flow of the at least one process ingredient through the continuous process vessel and capable of transferring acoustic energy generated by the acoustic agitator into the at least one process ingredient, an outlet for discharging a product of the at least one process ingredient, and a fastener for removable coupling the continuous process vessel to the acoustic agitator.

Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems

A system and method for monitoring and/or detecting the flow of one or more fluids in a fluid system including leak detection system integral to the fluid system (e.g., at any point along a conduit, at a connection between conduits such as at a fitting assembly, etc.) configured to detect incipient, early stage levels of the leak. Based on one or more factors related to the fluid and/or the leak, the methods, devices, and systems disclosed herein can provide an indication of a suitable action or process in response to the fluid or the leak including performing preventative maintenance or providing an indication of the need of maintenance in response to the leak.

Chemical reactor with re-radiating surface and related systems and methods

用于生产基于氢的燃料和结构元件的具有可透射表面的反应器容器以及相关的系统和方法

本发明公开了用于生产基于氢的燃料和结构元件的具有可透射的表面的反应器容器以及相关的系统和方法。根据特定实施方案的化学反应器包括反应器容器，所述反应器容器具有反应区、与所述反应区流体连通地相连的氢供体源和与所述反应区流体连通地相连的蒸汽源。所述反应器另外包括在所述反应区处的可透射的表面，所述可透射的表面可透射进入所述反应区的反应物和/或进入所述反应区的辐射能。

Reducing and/or harvesting drag energy from transport vehicles, including for chemical reactors, and associated systems and methods

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for reducing and/or harvesting drag energy from transport vehicles. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a mobile transport platform, a donor substance source carried by the platform, and a thermochemical reactor carried by the platform and coupled to the donor substance. The reactor is configured to carry out a non-combustion dissociation process that dissociates the donor substance into a first constituent and a second constituent. An energy extraction system carried by the transport platform and positioned to extract energy from an airstream passing the transport platform is coupled to the reactor to provide energy for the dissociation process.

Reducing and/or harvesting drag energy from transport vehicles, including for chemical reactors, and associated systems and methods

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods for reducing and/or harvesting drag energy from transport vehicles. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a mobile transport platform, a donor substance source carried by the platform, and a thermochemical reactor carried by the platform and coupled to the donor substance. The reactor is configured to carry out a non-combustion dissociation process that dissociates the donor substance into a first constituent and a second constituent. An energy extraction system carried by the transport platform and positioned to extract energy from an airstream passing the transport platform is coupled to the reactor to provide energy for the dissociation process.

Reactor vessels with transmissive surfaces for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods

Reactor vessels with transmissive surfaces for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods. A chemical reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a reaction zone, a hydrogen donor source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone, and a steam source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone. The reactor further includes a transmissive surface at the reaction zone, with the transmissive surface being transmissive to a reactant entering the reaction zone and/or radiant energy entering the reaction zone.

Chemical reactors with re-radiating surfaces and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with re-radiating surfaces and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a reaction zone, and a reactant supply coupled to the reactor vessel to direct a reactant (e.g., a hydrogen donor) into the reaction zone. The reactant has a peak absorption wavelength range over which it absorbs more energy than at non-peak wavelengths. The reactor further includes a re-radiation component positioned at the reaction zone to receive radiation over a first spectrum having a first peak wavelength range, and re-radiate the radiation into the reaction zone over a second spectrum having a second peak wavelength range different than the first, and closer than the first to the peak absorption range of the reactant.

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods

Chemical reactors with annularly positioned delivery and removal devices, and associated systems and methods. A reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a light-transmissible surface proximate to a reaction zone, and a movable reactant delivery system positioned within the reactor vessel. The reactor can further include a product removal system positioned within the reactor vessel and positioned annularly inwardly or outwardly from the delivery system. A solar concentrator is positioned to direct solar radiation through the light-transmissible surface to the reaction zone.

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A representative system includes a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object when the solar energy is below the threshold level.

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system may include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy is below the threshold level.

Reactor vessels with transmissive surfaces for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods

Reactor vessels with transmissive surfaces for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods. A chemical reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a reaction zone, a hydrogen donor source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone, and a steam source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone. The reactor further includes a transmissive surface at the reaction zone, with the transmissive surface being transmissive to a reactant entering the reaction zone and/or radiant energy entering the reaction zone.

Reactor vessels with pressure and heat transfer features for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods

Reactor vessels with pressure and heat transfer features for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods. A representative reactor system includes a first reaction zone and a heat path, a reactant source coupled to the first reaction zone, and a first actuator coupled to cyclically pressurize the first reaction zone. A second reaction zone is in fluid communication with the first, a valve is coupled between the first and second reaction zones to control a flow rate therebetween, and a second actuator is coupled in fluid communication with the second reaction zone to cyclically pressurize the second reaction zone. First and second heat exchangers direct heat from products to reactants in the reaction zones. A controller controls the first and second actuators in a coordinated manner based at least in part on a flow rate of the second product from the second reaction zone.

A CONTINUOUS FLOW REACTOR

A continuous flow reactor without any moving parts to facilitate solid-liquid reaction without clogging is disclosed herein. It comprises plurality of identical cavities in series/sequence, each cavity being provided with: a pair of inlets at the top to allow entry of reactants into the reactor; an outlet at the bottom to allow the reactants to the next cavity for mixing; and a jacket covering around the cavities to provide heating or cooling effect as per the requirement. The outlet of the previous cavity is inclined at a suitable angle relative to the outlet of the next cavity to prevent clogging and facilitate efficient mixing of the reactants. 1. A solid continuous flow reactor assembly to facilitate a solid-liquid suspension without clogging comprising of:a. a flow reactor;b. a pair of inlets at a top side of the reactor;c. an outlet at a bottom side of the reactor;d. identical cavities arranged in series/sequence inside the reactor;e. a jacket covering inside of the assembly.2. The continuous flow reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the numbers of cavities arranged are at least two and maximum of 20.3. The continuous flow reactor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the first cavity has at least two inlets and one outlet which opens into the next cavity.4. The continuous flow reactor as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the angle between inlet and outlet port of each cavity is in the range of 30°-180°.5. The continuous flow reactor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the distance of outlet of each cavity from central axis of the flow reactor in the range of 0.4-0.8 of the radius.6. The continuous flow reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the bottom surface of each of the cavities is selected from hemisphere claim 1 , flat circular or an asymmetric conical.7. The continuous flow reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the jacket having an inlet close to the outlet and an outlet close to the pair of inlets.8. The continuous flow reactor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein ...

Microreactor and process for the synthesis of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) in the gas phase

Die Erfindung richtet sich auf einen Synthesereaktor und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat-Monomer (VAM), in welchem gasförmiges Ethylen und Essigsäure sowie Sauerstoff oder Sauerstoff enthaltende Gase katalytisch reagieren, wobei der Synthesereaktor ein Wandreaktor ist, in welchem die katalytische Synthese in einer Vielzahl von Reaktionsräumen erfolgt, die in Bezug auf den freien Strömungsquerschnitt mindestens in einer Dimension kleiner als 2000 mum, vorzugsweise 1000 mum, sind und deren indirekt gekühlten Wände mit einem Palladium-Gold-Katalysator beschichtet sind. The invention is directed to a synthesis reactor and a process for the preparation of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) in which gaseous ethylene and acetic acid and oxygen or oxygen-containing gases catalytically react, wherein the synthesis reactor is a wall reactor in which the catalytic synthesis in a variety of reaction spaces, which are at least in one dimension with respect to the free flow cross-section less than 2000 mum, preferably 1000 mum, and whose indirectly cooled walls are coated with a palladium-gold catalyst.

Olefin solution polymerization

A solution polymerization system for polymerizing an olefin monomer by reacting the monomer with catalyst and solvent has been invented. The system in one aspect includes a flow loop with a product polymer outlet, the flow loop forming a recycling reactor, a cataylst inlet on the flow loop through which catalyst and solvent flow into the flow loop, a monomer inlet on the flow loop through which monomer and solvent flow into the flow loop and, with the catalyst, form a reactant material stream, a first heat exchanger on the flow loop for receiving the reactant materials stream and any formed polymer and for removing heat of reaction or polymerization from the flow loop, and pump apparatus for pumping the reactant materials stream and formed polymer in the flow loop and from the first heat exchanger to the product polymer outlet. In one aspect, the system includes at least one additional heat exchanger on the flow loop for receiving the reactant materials stream and formed polymer and for removing heat of reaction or polymerization from the flow loop, the pump apparatus pumping formed polymer and remaining reactant materials to the product polymer outlet, and a portion of the formed polymer and remaining reactant materials flowing out from the product polymer outlet and the remainder recycling through the flow loop. In one aspect systems and methods according to the present invention are used to make polyethylene.

Ethylene oligomerization/trimerization/tetramerization reactor

A process comprises introducing an olefin monomer and a catalyst system or catalyst system components into a reaction mixture within a reaction system. The reaction system comprises: a total reaction mixture volume, and a heat exchanged portion of the reaction system comprising a heat exchanged reaction mixture volume and a total heat exchanged surface area. The process also comprises oligomerizing the olefin monomer within the reaction mixture, determining one or more reaction system operating parameters during the oligomerizing, controlling the one or more reaction system operating parameters during the oligomerizing, maintaining a ratio of the total heat exchanged surface area to a total reaction mixture volume within the reaction system in a range from 0.75 in−1 to 5 in−1, maintaining an oligomer product discharge rate from the reaction system between 1.0 (lb)(hr−1)(gal−1) and 6.0 (lb)(hr−1)(gal−1), and discharging a reaction system effluent comprising the oligomer product from the reaction system.

Process for solution polymerization of olefin

Polymerisation of olefins in a solution

Non-adiabatic olefin solution polymerization

A solution polymerization system for polymerizing a olefin monomer by reacting the monomer with catalyst and solvent has been invented. The system in one aspect including a flow loop with a product polymer outlet, the flow loop forming a recycling reactor, a catalyst inlet on the flow loop through which catalyst and solvent flow into the flow loop, a monomer inlet on the flow loop through which monomer and solvent flow into the flow loop and, with the catalyst, form a reactant materials stream, a first heat exchanger on the flow loop for receiving the reactant materials stream and any formed polymer and for removing heat of reaction or polymerization from the flow loop, and pump apparatus for pumping the reactant materials stream and formed polymer in the flow loop and from the first heat exchanger to the product polymer outlet. In one aspect, the system includes at least one additional heat exchanger on the flow loop for receiving the reactant materials stream and formed polymer and for removing heat of reaction or polymerization from the flow loop, the pump apparatus pumping formed polymer and remaining reactant materials to the product polymer outlet, and a portion of the formed polymer and remaining reactant materials flowing out from the product polymer outlet and the remainder recycling through the flow loop. In one aspect systems and methods according to the present invention are used to make polyethylene.

Method and apparatus for separation of polymer from a slurry

Provided for separating polymer from a slurry comprising polymer and unreacted carrier fluid is (a) a method comprising supplying slurry to a first heating means to increase the temperature of the slurry, using a first separator means to extract a portion of unreacted carrier fluid from the slurry to obtain a slurry enriched in polymer, supplying the enriched slurry to a second heating means to increase the temperature of the enriched slurry, and using a second separator means to extract an additional portion of unreacted carrier fluid from the enriched slurry to obtain a further enriched slurry, and (b) an apparatus comprising a first heating means, a first separator means, a second heating means and a second separator means.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HOMOPOLYMERS, CO- AND TERPOLYMERISATES AND POLYMER ALLOYS OF ETHYLENE

METHOD FOR THE CATALYTIC OXYDATION OF HYDROCARBONS

Apparatus and method for producing ethylene polymer

An apparatus and method for producing ethylene polymer are provided which employ a conduit means in the form of a closed loop (i.e. loop reactor) for receiving a flow of a monomer which includes ethylene, a polymerization catalyst and a diluent therethrough for the polymerization of the monomer to ethylene polymer. The conduit means comprises at least one pipe constructed of rolled plate around which coolant fluid passes in heat exchange relationship.

Carbon recyling and reinvestment using thermochemical regeneration

Techniques, systems, apparatus and material are disclosed for regeneration or recycling of carbon dioxide into renewable liquid fuel. In one aspect, a method of recycling carbon to produce a renewable fuel can include harvesting carbon dioxide emitted from an industrial process. Biomass waste is dissociated under an anaerobic reaction to produce hydrogen. The harvested carbon dioxide is reacted with the biomass waste produced hydrogen under pressure and heat to generate a renewable fuel.

Convertible batch/continuous reactor and use of the same

A convertible batch/continuous reactor (100/200) is described which can be applied to monophase or multiphase reactions with, in addition, separation of phases within the reactor and, more specifically, to reactions in which some of the reagents are extracted from the reaction medium by one or more (product) phases formed in the reaction. The reactor (100/200) in its most complete continuous mode comprises a mixture section (1) with agitation, vertical straight sections (2) and (3) with opposing flows separated by a dividing deflector (218, 218') where the phases are separated, a separation control section (4) which adjoins the transition between the sections (2) and (3), where the interface is formed between the separated phases and a collection section (5). The reactor (100/200) can be used for various applications such as alkylation, production of greases and transesterification of oils and vegetable fats with primary alcohols in the presence of a basic catalyst.

Bulk polymerization reactors and methods for polymerization

A polymerization reactor (40) having at least four side wall surfaces (81, 82, 83, 24) and a bottom wall surface (85) forming a reservoir cavity (87) and at least one heat exchanger plate (66) in fluid communication with a coolant source, wherein each of the at least one heat exchanger plate (66) is disposed on a lid. The polymerization reactors of the present invention permit large amounts of polymer to be formed in each reactor batch. Preferably, polymers are formed in the polymerization reactor by bulk polymerization. Methods for forming polymers is also disclosed.

Olefin solution polymerization

A solution polymerization system for polymerizing an olefin monomer by reacting the monomer with catalyst and solvent has been invented. The system in one aspect includes a flow loop with a product polymer outlet, the flow loop forming a recycling reactor, a cataylst inlet on the flow loop through which catalyst and solvent flow into the flow loop, a monomer inlet on the flow loop through which monomer and solvent flow into the flow loop and, with the catalyst, form a reactant material stream, a first heat exchanger on the flow loop for receiving the reactant materials stream and any formed polymer and for removing heat of reaction or polymerization from the flow loop, and pump apparatus for pumping the reactant materials stream and formed polymer in the flow loop and from the first heat exchanger to the product polymer outlet. In one aspect, the system includes at least one additional heat exchanger on the flow loop for receiving the reactant materials stream and formed polymer and for removing heat of reaction or polymerization from the flow loop, the pump apparatus pumping formed polymer and remaining reactant materials to the product polymer outlet, and a portion of the formed polymer and remaining reactant materials flowing out from the product polymer outlet and the remainder recycling through the flow loop. In one aspect systems and methods according to the present invention are used to make polyethylene.

Optimization of the cooling water system of a polyolefin plant

Ionic liquid reactor with heat exchanger

An ionic liquid reactor unit and a process for controlling heat generation from an ionic liquid reactor unit. The ionic liquid reactor unit may include an external heat exchanger. The effluent from the reactor is separated in a separation zone allowing the hydrocarbon phase to transfer heat to a cooling fluid. The heat exchanger may be a tube-in-shell, a spiral plate heat exchanger, a hair pin heat exchanger. The heat exchanger accommodates the separation of the ionic liquid from the hydrocarbon phase, and may allow for the ion liquid to be drained.

一种用于苯生产的防腐蚀型反应釜

本发明公开了一种用于苯生产的防腐蚀型反应釜，包括釜体、固定板、耐腐蚀层、减震装置、釜盖、滑动座、安装座、驱动电机、搅拌轴、通槽，搅拌轴上套装有螺旋搅拌桨，两个滑动座由驱动装置驱动其相对移动，进而使两个螺旋搅拌桨相对移动。本发明所达到的有益效果是：通过驱动装置驱动两个滑动座相对移动，进而使两个螺旋搅拌桨能够沿釜体的径向进行相对移动，进而增加了搅拌区域，减少搅拌盲区，另外通过设置耐腐蚀层，提升了釜体的耐腐蚀性，设置减震装置，使得釜体内的苯原料及化学品在进行混合搅拌时，釜体能够进行得到一定程度上的减震防护，蓄液腔内灌充热水，通过热水对釜体进行保温，提高了苯原料及化学品的混合效率。

Optimization of a cooling water system of a polyolefin production unit

The invention relates to a process for cooling polymerization reactors in the preparation of polyolefins, the polymerization being carried out in a first reactor and in at least one further reactor, the further reactor or reactors being connected downstream of the first reactor and each being cooled by an internal cooling circuit in which a cooling medium circulates. The invention comprises feeding cooling medium from the cooling circuit ( 9 ) of the first reactor ( 1 ) into the cooling circuit ( 10 ) of at least one further reactor ( 2 ) and taking off the same amount of cooling medium from the cooling circuit ( 10 ) of this reactor ( 2 ), cooling it and recirculating it into the cooling circuit ( 9 ) of the first reactor ( 1 ).

聚烯烃生产设备水冷系统的优化

本发明涉及一种聚烯烃生产中聚合反应器冷却的工艺，聚合反应在一个初级反应器和至少一个次级反应器中进行，次级反应器连接在初级反应器的下游，每个都由一个有冷却介质循环的内冷却回路冷却。本发明包括冷却介质从初级反应器(1)的冷却回路(9)输送到至少一个次级反应器(2)的冷却回路(10)中，接着从此反应器(2)的冷却回路(10)中排出同样量的冷却介质，将之冷却并重新循环到初级反应器(1)的冷却回路(9)中。

聚合物物流输送

用于加热从聚合反应器输送至分离区域或设备的含聚合物物流的方法，包括使所述物流经由并联操作的至少两个加热器通行，每个加热器包括至少一个用于所述物流的输送线路和用于加热所述输送线路的机构，其中所述含聚合物物流在所有加热器出口处的温度保持为高于所述物流的露点，并且没有加热器的含聚合物物流的体积流量为超过任何其它加热器三倍。

Apparatus for preparing polyolefin products and methodology for using the same

~Apparatus (202) for olefin polymerization includes a plurality of shell and tube olefin polymerization reactors (202a, 202b), each of which has an olefin polymerization reaction mixture inlet connection and a crude polyolefin product outlet connection (55a, 55b). Each reactor (202a, 202b) is equipped with a recirculation system including a pump (25a, 25b) arranged to circulate a reaction mixture through the tube side of the reactor (202a, 202b) independently of the introduction of olefin polymerization reaction mixture into the reactor (202a, 202b). The apparatus (202) also includes an inlet reaction mixture distribution manifold (215, 15a, 15b) and an outlet polymerization reaction mixture collection manifold (255, 55a, 55b) interconnecting the reactors (202a, 202b) for operation in parallel. The apparatus (202) also includes catalyst composition and catalyst modifier inlets (16a, 16b, 30a, 30b) for each reactor (202a, 202b) arranged such that a catalyst modifier to may be introduced into each reactor (202a, 202b) at a rate which is independent of the introduction of catalyst composition. The apparatus (202) further incorporates a crude polyolefin product catalyst removal and wash system including a plurality of settler vessels (302, 306, 308), associated piping and an inlet (318) for a catalyst killing agent. This crude polyolefin product catalyst removal and wash system operates to receive crude polyolefin product from the crude polyolefin product outlet (255) and remove residual catalyst therefrom.

Tube reactor and method for continuous polymerization

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Rohrreaktor (14) zur mehrphasigen Polymerisation, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Butylkautschuk, mit einem Rohrstück (16) zur radialen Begrenzung eines Reaktorvolumens zwischen einem Einlass (18) und einem Auslass (20), einem Rührer (22) zur Erzeugung einer Strömung (27) in radialer Richtung des Rohrstücks (16), wobei der Rührer (22) derart dimensioniert und betreibbar ist, dass der Strömung (27) eine Zentrifugalkraft aufprägbar ist, die eine Konzentrationsverteilung in radialer Richtung innerhalb des Rohrstücks (16) erzeugt, und eine Auslassleitung (32) zur Ableitung eines aufkonzentrierten radialinneren Teils (30) der Strömung (27, 28). Durch die Aufkonzentrierung von Polymer-Partikeln im radial inneren Teil (30) der Strömung (27, 28) wird ein Verkleben des Rohrstücks (16) durch die Polymer-Partikel vermieden, so dass das Risiko einer Verstopfung reduziert ist. The present invention relates to a tubular reactor (14) for multiphase polymerization, in particular for the production of butyl rubber, with a pipe section (16) for radially limiting a reactor volume between an inlet (18) and an outlet (20), a stirrer (22) for generating a flow (27) in the radial direction of the pipe section (16), wherein the stirrer (22) is dimensioned and operable so that the flow (27) a centrifugal force can be imposed, which produces a concentration distribution in the radial direction within the pipe section (16) , and an outlet conduit (32) for discharging a concentrated radially inner part (30) of the flow (27, 28). The concentration of polymer particles in the radially inner part (30) of the flow (27, 28) avoids sticking of the tube piece (16) by the polymer particles, so that the risk of clogging is reduced.