Glukose-Elektrode und Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Glukose.

VERFAHREN ZUR KONTINUIERLICHEN TRENNUNG VON GEMISCHEN MIKROSKOPISCH KLEINER, DIELEKTRISCHER TEILCHEN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG DES VERFAHRENS

Adhäsionssteuerbare ultraminaturisierte Oberflächenstruktur

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER EMULSION UND VORRICHTUNG DAFÜR

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Mikrokapseln

Scalable chemical reactor and method of operation thereof

detecting adverse conditions in a microelectrochemical reaction chamber

A method and apparatus for detecting that reaction conditions in a microelectrochemical reaction chamber 7 are adverse are disclosed. The reaction chamber comprises electrodes 17 arranged to pass an electric current through reaction mixture located within the reaction chamber, thereby inducing an electrochemical reaction. A detection circuit is provided to detect and measure the electric current flowing between the electrodes. The detection circuit is arranged to generate a signal indicating whether the measured current lies inside or outside a predetermined range of values. If the measured current lies outside the expected range of values, then the reaction conditions are adverse. A single pair of electrodes may perform a dual function of both inducing the electrochemical reaction and allowing the current flowing through the mixture to be measured.

SYSTEM FOR THE TRANSPORT OF MICROSCOPIC LIQUID QUANTITIES

MICRO REACTOR FOR AN ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT OF A GAS CELL

MICRO FLUID SYSTEM WITH STABILIZED LIQUID LIQUID BOUNDARY SURFACE

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR DIFFUSION EXCHANGE BETWEEN NOT MIXABLE LIQUIDS

THERMAL MICRO VALVES

PRODUCTION OF CONDUCTIONS BY HOLES

CHANNEL LOTS SEPARATION FROM BIO PARTICLES ON AN BIOELECTRONIC CHIP THROUGH DIELEKTROPHORESIS

MICRO FLUID DEVICES FOR THE STEERED HANDLING OF KLEINSTVOLUMEN

Biochip defining a channeled capillary array and associated methods

Fluidic droplet coalescence

Microchannel thermal reactor

High throughput microfluidic device

A microfluidic element comprising at least one pair of plates, at least one of said plates having an open channel distributed on a surface that is adjacent the other plate in the pair. In use, said plates are releasably clamped together so as to form an enclosed, continuous microfluidic channel between the plates that is suitable for the passage of a fluid.

Micropump with sonic energy generator

MICROFLUIDIC MATRIX LOCALIZATION APPARATUS AND METHODS

Multiphasic microfluidic apparatus for performing product fluid manipulation and separation in a single continuous unit are provided. Related methods, kits, and compositions are also provided.

PLASMA MICROREACTOR APPARATUS, STERILISATION UNIT AND ANALYSER

Apparatus for the production of a product gas (eg hydrogen and ozone) comprises: a supply of reactant gas (eg oxygen and steam); a pair of electrodes with a space between them of less than 1 mm; a conduit to lead the reactant gas from the source through the space between the electrodes; a power source to apply a voltage across the electrodes to dissociate the reactant gas and ultimately permit formation of product gas; and a conduit to supply the product gas to an outlet. A sterilisation unit for water treatment employs such apparatus and includes a fluidic oscillator to oscillate the flow of oxygen and/or ozone, and wherein said outlet comprises a plurality of orifices to be submerged in said water and for the purpose of forming micro bubbles of ozone. An analyser for detecting large organic molecules in eg air can employ the ozone generator to breakdown the large molecule into simpler and easier-to-detect-and-identify molecules.

ELECTROKINETIC PUMPING

The invention provides electrode-based pumps (803) and methods of operating such pumps. In one embodiment, the invention provides an electrode-based pump situated in a fluid channel comprising a first electrode (801A) and a second electrode (801B), wherein the first (801A) and second (801B) electrodes have a diameter from about 25 microns to about 100 microns and are spaced from about 100 microns to about 2,500 microns apart. In another embodiment, the invention provides an electrode-based pump comprising a first electrode (801A), second electrode (801B) and third electrode (801C).

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIFFUSIVE TRANSFER BETWEEN IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS

In order to facilitate diffusive transfer of an entity such as a solute between immiscible fluids and subsequent separation of the liquids without mixing, method and apparatus are disclosed having first and second flow paths (1, 2) carrying first and second immiscible fluids on opposite sides of a foraminous sheet (8) wherein the height of the apertures (10) therein are not greater than 200 micrometers (measured perpendicular to the width of the sheet and to the direction of fluid flow), and a stable interface is formed between the fluids within each aperture, with a significant amount of fluid flow immediately adjacent the interface. Diffusive transfer takes place across the interface, and subsequently the fluids flow away from the region without mixing. The width of the flow paths measured perpendicular to sheet (8) lies between 10 and 500 micrometers. The walls of each aperture may be parallel or tapered.

HIGH-THROUGHPUT SCREENING ASSAY SYSTEMS IN MICROSCALE FLUIDIC DEVICES

The present invention provides microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays. In particular, the devices and methods of the invention are useful in screening large numbers of different compounds for their effects on a variety of chemical, and preferably, biochemical systems. The device includes a series of channels (110, 112), and optional reagent channel (114), fabricated into the surface of the substrate. At least one of these channels will typically have very small cross-sectional dimensions, e.g. in the range of from about 0.1 hem to about 500 .mu.m. The device also includes reservoirs (104, 106 and 108), disposed and fluidly connected at the ends of the channels (110 and 114). As shown, sample channel (112) is used to introduce the plurality of different test compounds into the device. As such, this channel will generally be fluidly connected to a source of large numbers of separate test compounds that will be individually introduced ...

IMPROVED CONTROLLER/DETECTOR INTERFACES FOR MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS

The present invention is generally directed to improved methods, structures and systems for interfacing microfluidic devices with ancillary systems that are used in conjunction with such devices. These systems typically include control and monitoring systems (620) for controlling the performance of the processes carried out within the device, e.g., monitoring and controlling environmental conditions and monitoring results of the processes performed, e.g., detection.

APPARATUS WITH ELECTRODE ARRAYS FOR CARRYING OUT CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL OR PHYSICO-CHEMCAL REACTIONS

MANUFACTORING PROCESS OF MICROCHANNELS BURY AND MICRO-DISPOSITIF COMPRENANTDE SUCH MICROCHANNELS.

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'au moins un micro-canal enterré (9) sur un substrat (15) consistant à appliquer et à déplacer, selon une direction prédéterminée (F), un rayonnement optique sur un empilement (12). L'empilement (12) comprend successivement une couche mince absorbante (13) déformable et une couche mince (14) constituée par un matériau apte à libérer localement du gaz, sous l'action d'un échauffement provoqué par le rayonnement optique, et le substrat (15). L'application locale du rayonnement optique sur l'empilement (12) forme, par échauffement local de la couche mince (14) apte à libérer du gaz, une bulle de gaz déformant la couche mince absorbante (13). Puis, le déplacement du rayonnement optique prolonge la déformation de la couche mince absorbante (13) selon la direction de déplacement (F) du rayonnement optique et forme le micro-canal (9) enterré. L'invention concerne également un micro-dispositif pour le transport de fluide ainsi qu'une micro-pile à ...

Microfluidic device for electrochemically regulating the pH of a fluid therein using semiconductor doped with impurity and method for regulating the pH of a fluid in a microfluidic device using the same

CHEMICAL REACTOR AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

A chemical reactor includes a first reaction section which has a first flow path and causes a first reaction in the first flow path. A heating section heats the first reaction section. A second reaction section has a second flow path and causes a second reaction in the second flow path by heat of the heating section transmitted via the first reaction section. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

NEAR FIELD OPTICAL MICROCHANNEL STRUCTURE AND NEAR FIELD OPTICAL MICROREACTOR

Disclosed are: a near field optical microchannel structure which comprises a two-dimensional near field optical array wherein metal nanoparticles are firmly bonded to the wall surface of a microchannel; and a near field optical microreactor. Specifically disclosed is a near field optical microchannel structure (61) which comprises: a structure (95) that is provided with a microchannel (41c); and a two-dimensional near field optical array (50) that is arranged within the microchannel (41c) and is capable of emitting near field light in the plane. The two-dimensional near field optical array (50) is composed of a conductive layer (6) that is formed on the inner wall surface of the microchannel (41c), an immobilization layer (2) that is immobilized on one surface (6a) of the conductive layer (6) by a chemical bond, and a metal nanoparticle array (3) that is immobilized on one surface (2a) of the immobilization layer (2) by a chemical bond. The metal nanoparticle array (3) is composed of a ...

ELECTRODE COMBINATIONS, INCLUDING A RING ELECTRODE, FOR PUMPING FLUIDS

Provided is a device that moves liquid comprising: a channel; and, an electrode-based pump comprising two or more electrodes which when powered form stronger or weaker electric field lines between the electrodes, wherein the electrodes are arrayed so that (a) the strongest field lines cross a cross section of the channel or (b) the electrodes are concentrically arrayed around the channel such that the strongest electric field lines parallel the channel on more than one face of the channel.

Microfabricated devices for the storage and selective exposure of chemicals and devices

Microchip devices and methods of use are provided for the controlled exposure of a secondary device. In one embodiment, the microchip device include a substrate, a plurality of reservoirs in the substrate, a secondary device in one or more of the reservoirs, at least one barrier layer covering each of the reservoirs to isolate the secondary device from an environmental component outside the reservoirs, wherein the barrier layer is impermeable to the environmental component, and a microprocessor-controlled actuation means for rendering the barrier layer porous or permeable to the environmental component to expose the secondary device to said environmental component. The secondary device can comprise a sensor or sensing component (e.g., a biosensor). In other embodiments, microchip devices are provided for the controlled exposure of a reacting component, such as an enzyme. In still other embodiments, sensors are provided on the device outside of the reservoirs.

Channel-less separation of bioparticles on a bioelectronic chip by dielectrophoresis

The present invention comprises devices and methods for performing channel-less separation of cell particles by dielectrophoresis, DC high voltage-pulsed electronic lysis of separated cells, separation of desired components from crude mixtures such as cell lysates, and/or enzymatic reaction of such lysates, all of which can be conducted on a single bioelectronic chip. A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a cartridge (10) including a microfabricated silicon chip (12) on a printed circuit board (14) and a flow cell (16) mounted to the chip (12) to form a flow chamber. The cartridge (10) also includes output pins (22) for electronically connecting the cartridge (10) to an electronic controller. The chip (12) includes a plurality of circular microelectrodes (24) which are preferably coated with a protective permeation layer which prevents direct contact between any electrode and a sample introduced into the flow chamber. The permeation layer also helps to reduce cell adhesion at field minima, and enables immobilization of specific antibodies for specific cell capture. Specific cells from various cell mixtures were separated, lysed, and enzymatically digested on the chip.

Controlled fluid transport in microfabricated polymeric substrates

Microfluidic devices are provided for the performance of chemical and biochemical analyses, syntheses and detection. The devices of the invention combine precise fluidic control systems with microfabricated polymeric substrates to provide accurate, low cost miniaturized analytical devices that have broad applications in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular biology and numerous other fields.

Thin-film transistor used as heating element for microreaction chamber

The thin film transistor formed of polycrystalline silicon is positioned adjacent a heat reaction chamber. The gate electrode for the transistor is formed within a silicon substrate and a gate dielectric is positioned over the gate electrode. A pass transistor is coupled to the gate electrode, the pass transistor having a source/drain region in the same semiconductor substrate and positioned adjacent to the gate electrode of the thin film heating transistor. When the pass transistor is enabled, a voltage is applied to the gate electrode which causes the current to flow from the drain to the source of the thin film transistor. The current flow passes through a highly resistive region which generates heat that is transmitted to the heat reaction chamber.

MICROFLUIDIC DRIVING SYSTEM

A microfluidic driving system includes a first planar electrode, a second planar electrode, a third planar electrode, a fourth planar electrode, a power supply unit and a detection module. The second, third and fourth planar electrodes are disposed parallel to the first planar electrode and face-to-face with the first planar electrode to form an accommodation space for accommodating a fluid. An AC power is provided by the power supply unit and an AC electrical field is applied by alternately connecting the third planar electrode and the fourth planar electrode with the first planar electrode for driving the first fluid and the second fluid to flow; and then AC electrical field is also applied by connecting the second planar electrode to the first planar electrode to mix the first fluid and the second fluid. Finally, a detection is performed upon a mixture of the fluids through the detection module.

MICROFABRICATED STRUCTURES FOR FACILITATING FLUID INTRODUCTION INTO MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES

Fluid introduction is facilitated through the use of a port which extends entirely through a microfluidic substrate. Capillary forces can be used to retain the fluid within the port, and a series of samples or other fluids may be introduced through a single port by sequentially blowing the fluid out through the substrate and replacing the removed fluid with an alternate fluid, or by displacing the fluid in part with additional fluid. In another aspect, microfluidic substrates have channels which varying in cross-sectional dimension so that capillary action spreads a fluid only within a limited portion of the channel network. In yet another aspect, the introduction ports may include a multiplicity of very small channels leading from the port to a fluid channel, so as to filter out particles or other contaminants which might otherwise block the channel at the junction between the channel and the introduction port.

ADJUSTABLE PRESSURE MICROREACTOR

Technologies are generally described for adjusting a pressure in a microreactor system. An example microreactor system may include a reaction chamber, wherein the reaction chamber is effective to receive at least one reactant, and carry out a reaction on the reactant to produce a product. An example method may comprise controlling a first electroosmotic pump to drive a first fluid toward the reaction chamber with a first force. In some examples. the method may further comprise controlling a second electroosmotic pump to drive a second fluid toward the reaction chamber with a second force. In some examples, the method may further comprise carrying out the reaction on the reactants in the reaction chamber to produce the product. The first and the second forces may be effective to generate a pressure inside the reaction chamber, where the pressure is greater than one atmosphere.

Integrated solid-phase hydrophilic matrix circuits and micro-arrays

The invention is directed to analytical devices and micro-arrays with integral fluidic inputs and outputs. The devices are constructed from planar solid-phase hydrophilic matrix circuits containing dry chemical reagents overlaying integral electro-kinetic pumping electrodes. The hydrophilic matrix circuits are enclosed within a gas permeable electrical insulator. The devices are for use in micro-scale bio-analysis, mixture separation and reaction.

Apparatus for controlling the movement of a liquid on a nanostructured or microstructured surface

A method and apparatus is disclosed wherein the movement of a droplet disposed on a nanostructured or microstructured surface is determined by at least one characteristic of the nanostructure feature pattern. The characteristic is a shape of at least a portion of the nanostructures or microstructures.

FORMATION OF AN EMULSION IN A FLUID MICROSYSTEM

Process and apparatus for producing microcapsules

The present invention provides a process and apparatus for producing microcapsules. A first dispersion phase (148) is fed from a first microchannel (142) into a first continuous phase (147) flowing in a second microchannel (143), thereby forming emulsions (149) in the first continuous phase (147). The first continuous phase (147) containing the emulsions (149) is then fed into a second continuous phase (150) flowing in a third microchannel (144), thereby forming microcapsules (151) in the second continuous phase (150), the microcapsules (151) being formed of the first continuous phase (147) encapsulating the emulsions (149).

FORMING ELECTRICAL CONDUITS THROUGH HOLES

РЕАКТОР, УСТАНОВКА И ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ СПОСОБ ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА КРЕМНИЯ ИЛИ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА ГЕРМАНИЯ

Изобретение относится к установке, реактору и непрерывному способу получения высокочистого тетрахлорида кремния или высокочистого тетрахлорида германия посредством обработки подлежащих очистке тетрахлорида кремния или тетрахлорида германия, которые загрязнены, по меньшей мере, одним водородсодержащим соединением, при помощи холодной плазмы и последующей фракционной перегонки обработанной фазы. Обработку осуществляют в плазменном реакторе (4), в котором продольные оси диэлектрика (4.4), электрода (4.3) высокого напряжения и заземленного металлического теплообменника (4.2) ориентированы параллельно друг другу и одновременно параллельно вектору силы тяготения. Технический результат: повышение эффективности очистки соединений. 3 н. и 22 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил.

Chemical reactor for enabling pairwise fluid contacts

A chemical reactor CR, for enabling N pairwise fluid contacts among k chemical fluids, with k≥ 2 and ≥4, comprises: a reaction layer essentially extending in a 2D plane subtended by two directions x, y, preferably perpendicular; and comprising N chemical cells CC, each including two circuit portions CP1, CP2, CP, designed for enabling circulation of two of the k chemical fluids, respectively, said two circuit portions intersecting each other, thereby enabling one pairwise fluid contact for said two of the k chemical fluids; a fluid distribution circuit (Ml, M2) comprising k sets of inlet orifices IA, IB sequentially alternating along lines parallel to one of the two directions, for respectively dispensing k chemical fluids to the reaction layer; and k sets of outlet orifices OA', OB' sequentially alternating along lines parallel to the inlet orifices, for respectively collecting k chemical fluids from the reaction layer, the outlet orifices shifted along said one of the two directions ...

Scalable chemical reactor and method of operation thereof

PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING BURIED MICRO-CHANNELS AND MICRO DEVICE WITH SUCH MICRO-CHANNELS

Reaction conditions sensor

Interconnect device, fuel cell and fuel cell stack

Chemical reactor and fuel cell system

High-throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices

Method of producing micro-electrical conduits

Method and apparatus for diffusive transfer between immiscible fluids

High-throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices

MICROREACTOR FOR AN ELECTRODE ARRANGMENT OF A FUEL CELL

The aim of the invention is to provide a mechanically stable microreactor that can be subjected to high electrical loads and that is used in an electrode system of a fuel cell. To this end, a fuel component flows towards a filament (98) through at least one flow channel (102). Said filament is configured as a radially inner electroconducting electrode of the microreactor (97) and is linked with a radially outer membrane (101), the two structures supporting one another. The radially inner peripheral surface of the membrane (101), at least in some sections, is spaced apart from a supporting core (55) of the filament (98) by spokes (100), thereby forming at least one flow channel (102).

GLUCOSE ELECTRODE AND METHOD OF DETERMINING GLUCOSE

An electrode assembly for polarographic assay of glucose in solution having a laminated membrane, the outer membrane being from 1 to 20 .mu.m thick and having a pore size of 10 to 125 .ANG., the inner membrane having a thickness of 2 to 4 .mu.m, and bonded to the outer membrane with immobilized glucose oxidase. Rapid assays are carried out by measuring the current difference before equilibrium is attained and at least 5 seconds after initial contact of sample with the outer membrane.

PLASMA MICROREACTOR APPARATUS, STERILISATION UNIT AND ANALYSER

Apparatus for the production of a product gas (eg hydrogen and ozone) comprises: a supply of reactant gas (eg oxygen and steam); a pair of electrodes with a space between them of less than 1 mm; a conduit to lead the reactant gas from the source through the space between the electrodes; a power source to apply a voltage across the electrodes to dissociate the reactant gas and ultimately permit formation of product gas; and a conduit to supply the product gas to an outlet. A sterilisation unit for water treatment employs such apparatus and includes a fluidic oscillator to oscillate the flow of oxygen and/or ozone, and wherein said outlet comprises a plurality of orifices to be submerged in said water and for the purpose of forming micro bubbles of ozone. An analyser for detecting large organic molecules in eg air can employ the ozone generator to breakdown the large molecule into simpler and easier-to-detect-and-identify molecules.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING MICROFLUIDIC MANIPULATIONS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

A microchip loboratory system (10) and method provide fluidic manipulations for a variety of applications, including sample injection for microchip chemical separations. The microchip is fabricated using standard photolithographic procedures and chemical wet etching, with the substrate and cover plate joined using direct bonding. Capillary electrophoresis and electrochromatography are performed in channels (26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38) formed in the substrate. Analytes are loaded into a four-way intersection of channels by electrokinetically pumping the analyte through the intersection (40), followed by a switching of the potentials to force an analyte plug into the separation channel (34).

MICROSCALE FLUID HANDLING SYSTEM

A microscale fluid handling system (10) that permits the efficient transfer of nanoliter to picoliter quantities of a fluid sample from the spatially concentrated environment of a microfabricated chip to "off-chip" analytical or collection devices (23) for further off-chip sample manipulation and analysis is disclosed. The fluid handling system (10) is fabricated in the form of one or more channels (12), in any suitable format, provided in a microchip body or substrate of silica, polymer or other suitable non-conductive material, or of stainless steel, noble metal, silicon or other suitable conductive or semiconductive material. The microchip fluid handling system (10) includes one or more exit ports (16) integral with the end of one or more of the channels (12) for consecutive or simultaneous off-chip analysis or collection of the sample. The exit port or ports (16) may be configured, for example, as an electrospray interface for transfer of a fluid sample to a mass spectrometer (23).

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR ACTIVE PROGRAMMABLE MATRIX DEVICES

A system for performing molecular biological diagnosis, analysis and multistep and multiplex reactions utilizes a self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic system for actively carrying out controlled reactions in microscopic formats. Preferably, a fluidic system flows a sample across an active area of the biochip, increasing diagnostic efficiency. Preferably, the fluidic system includes a flow cell having a window. Pulsed activation of the electrodes of the biochip are advantageously employed with the fluidic system, permitting more complete sampling of the materials within the biological sample. An improved detection system utilizes a preferably coaxially oriented excitation fiber, such as a fiber optic, disposed within a light guide, such as a liquid light guide. In this way, small geometry systems may be fluorescently imaged. A highly automated DNA diagnostic system results. Perturbation of the fluorescence signal during electronic denaturation is detailed and analyzed for analytical ...

APPORTIONING SYSTEM

The invention provides an apportioning system comprising a first apportioning chamber (19) having a first outlet (1413) and fillable with liquid to a first defined level (1412) such that if liquid is added to fill the first apportioning chamber (19) above the first defined level (1412), the extra fluid drains through the first outlet (1413), an inlet channel (1404, 1411) that distributes liquid to the first apportioning chamber (19), and a first electrode-based pump (1409) for moving liquid in the first apportioning chamber (19) out the first outlet (1413).

MOVING AND MIXING OF MICRODROPLETS THROUGH MICROCHANNELS

The movement and mixing of microdroplets through microchannels is described employing microscale device. Sample and reagent are injected into the device through entry ports (A) and they are transported as discrete droplets throug h channels (B) to a reaction chamber, such as a thermally controlled reactor where mixing and reactions (e.g., restriction enzyme digestion or nucleic ac id amplification) occur (C). The biochemical products are then moved by the sam e method to an electrophoresis module (D) where migration data is collected by a detector (E) and transmitted to a recording instrument. Importantly, the fluidic and electronic components are designed to be fully compatible in function and construction with the biological reactions and reagents. ...

THERMAL MICROVALVES

Thermal microvalves and their method of use include a fusible material (40) positioned in a microchannel (44). A heater (42) melts the material (40) which is then forced by air pressure (46) into a second channel (48) where it cools and solidifies, blocking flow. Alternatively, the melted and solidified material (40) can hold a diaphragm of a diaphragm valve in place, eliminating the need for continued applied force on the diaphragm.

AUTHENTICATION METHOD OF LIQUID BY DETECTING DERIVATIVES OF FLAVONOIDS

PROCESS OF CONTROL OF ADVANCED Of a LIQUID IN a COMPOS ANT MICROFLUIDIQUE

Le procédé de contrôle de l'avancée d'un liquide, de l'amont vers l'aval, dans un composant microfluidique comprenant, par exemple, une pluralité de microcanaux, comportant chacun une pluralité de zones de réaction ou de détection successives et une pluralité de vannes passives, contrôle l'avancée du liquide dans les microcanaux par le contrôle de l'augmentation d'une différence de pression entre l'amont et l'aval du composant. Le procédé contrôle l'augmentation de la différence de pression de manière discontinue sous forme d'impulsions de déblocage (Pd), de manière notamment à synchroniser le passage des vannes passives correspondantes des microcanaux.

Stabilization of interface between liquid and fluid immiscible with liquid in at least one micro-channel in microfluid device by means of electrodes

Le dispositif microfluidique (1) comporte au moins un micro-canal délimité par des parois inférieure (2), latérales (4) et supérieure (5) et qui est destiné à contenir au moins un liquide (6) et au moins un fluide (7) non miscible avec le liquide (6). Le dispositif microfluidique comporte des moyens de stabilisation de l'interface entre le liquide et le fluide. Les moyens de stabilisation comportent au moins une électrode (9) disposée sur au moins une partie d'une première paroi du micro-canal, sur toute la longueur de celui-ci et au moins une contre-électrode (10) disposée, sur toute la longueur du micro-canal, sur au moins une partie d'une seconde paroi, disposée en regard de l'électrode. L'électrode (9) et la contre-électrode (10) sont, de préférence, respectivement disposées sur les parois inférieure (2) et supérieure (5) du micro-canal.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIFFUSIVE TRANSFER BETWEEN IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS

본 발명은 비혼화성 유체 사이의 용질과 같은 물질의 확산 전달 및 혼합 없이 액체의 후속 분리를 촉진시키기 위하여, 구멍(10)의 높이가 200㎛ 미만이고(시트의 폭 및 유체 흐름의 방향에 대해 수직으로 측정됨), 각각의 구멍내의 유체 사이에 경계면이 형성되고 경계면에 바로 인접한 위치에 다량의 유체 흐름가 있는, 소공성 시트(8)의 반대면상에 제 1 및 제 2 비혼화성 유체를 운반시키는 제 1 및 제 2 흐름 경로(1,2)를 갖는 장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다. 확산 전달은 경계면을 횡단하여 일어나고, 후속하여 유체는 혼합 없이 영역으로부터 유동한다. 시트(8)에 대해 수직으로 측정된 흐름 경로의 폭은 10 내지 500㎛이다. 각각의 구멍의 벽은 평행하거나 점점 가늘어진 형태일 수 있다. In order to facilitate subsequent separation of the liquid without diffusion transfer and mixing of materials such as solutes between the immiscible fluids, the present invention provides that the height of the holes 10 is less than 200 μm (perpendicular to the width of the sheet and the direction of fluid flow). Agent for conveying the first and second immiscible fluids on opposite sides of the porosity sheet 8, with an interface formed between the fluid in each hole and a large amount of fluid flow at a location immediately adjacent to the interface. A device and method having a first and second flow paths (1, 2). Diffusion transfer occurs across the interface and subsequently fluid flows out of the region without mixing. The width of the flow path measured perpendicular to the sheet 8 is 10 to 500 μm. The walls of each hole can be parallel or tapered.

The molecular biological diagnostic system automated

DIGITAL MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORM FOR RADIOCHEMISTRY

Disclosed herein are methods of performing microchemical reactions and electro- wetting-on-dielectric devices (EWOD devices) for use in performing those reactions. These devices and method are particularly suited for preparing radiochemical compounds, particularly compounds containing18F.

MICROSYSTEM FOR FLUID DISPLACEMENT

The invention relates to a microsystem for the displacement of fluids, said microsystem comprising a microconduit (1) containing at least one fluid, and means for establishing a primary displacement of the fluid between an inlet (En) and an outlet (So) of the microconduit (1). The inventive microsystem is characterised in that it comprises magnetohydrodynamic means (5) for establishing at least one secondary displacement of the fluid. The invention can be applied to the field of microfluidics, inter alia, for mixing fluids and for scanning particles at the surface of reactors.

Thermal microvalves in a fluid flow method

The movement and mixing of microdroplets through microchannels is described employing silicon-based microscale devices, including microdroplet transport channels, reaction regions, electrophoresis modules, and radiation detectors. The discrete droplets are differentially heated and propelled through etched channels. Electronic components are fabricated on the same substrate material, allowing sensors and controlling circuitry to be incorporated in the same device.

Microreactor

The aim of the invention is to provide a mechanically stable microreactor that can be subjected to high electrical loads and that is used in an electrode system of a fuel cell. To this end, a fuel component flows towards a filament (98) through at least one flow channel (102). Said filament is configured as a radially inner electroconducting electrode of the microreactor (97) and is linked with a radially outer membrane (101), the two structures supporting one another. The radially inner peripheral surface of the membrane (101), at least in some sections, is spaced apart from a supporting core (55) of the filament (98) by spokes (100), thereby forming at least one flow channel (102).

Electrohydrodynamic mixing on microfabricated devices

A device for electrohydrodynamically (EHD) mixing fluids includes a mixing channel, the mixing channel having at least one supply channel fluidicly connected thereto for transport of fluid into the mixing channel. At least two electrodes are provided, at least one of the electrodes for charging at least a portion of the fluid in the mixing channel. The electrodes impose an electric field in the mixing channel to induce EHD mixing of the fluid in the mixing channel. A method for EHD mixing of fluids applies an electric field to a mixing channel to induce EHD mixing.

Reactor, Plant And Industrial Process For The Continuous Preparation Of High-Purity Silicon Tetrachloride or High- Purity Germanium Tetrachloride

A reactor, a plant, and a continuous, industrial process carried out therein for preparing high-purity silicon tetrachloride or high-purity germanium tetrachloride by treating the silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride to be purified, which is contaminated by at least one hydrogen-containing compound, by a cold plasma and isolating purified high-purity silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride from the resulting treated phase by fractional distillation. The treatment is carried out in a plasma reactor in which longitudinal axes of a dielectric, of a high-voltage electrode, and of a grounded, metallic heat exchanger are oriented parallel to one another and at the same time parallel to the force vector of gravity.

Electrokinetic micro-fluid mixer

A method and apparatus for efficiently and rapidly mixing liquids in a system operating in the creeping flow regime such as would be encountered in capillary-based systems. By applying an electric field to each liquid, the present invention is capable of mixing together fluid streams in capillary-based systems, where mechanical or turbulent stirring cannot be used, to produce a homogeneous liquid.

Chemical reactor

A chemical reactor includes a pair of substrates joined to each other, a micro flow path is provided between the pair of substrates. An injection section is provided to inject and supply a material to cause a chemical reaction into the flow path.

MICROFABRICATED STRUCTURES FOR FACILITATING FLUID INTRODUCTION INTO MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES

Fluid introduction is facilitated through the use of a port which extends entirely through a microfluidic substrate. Capillary forces can be used to retain the fluid within the port, and a series of samples or other fluids may be introduced through a single port by sequentially blowing the fluid out through the substrate and replacing the removed fluid with an alternate fluid, or by displacing the fluid in part with additional fluid. In another aspect, microfluidic substrates have channels which varying in cross-sectional dimension so that capillary action spreads a fluid only within a limited portion of the channel network. In yet another aspect, the introduction ports may include a multiplicity of very small channels leading from the port to a fluid channel, so as to filter out particles or other contaminants which might otherwise block the channel at the junction between the channel and the introduction port.

Surface-micromachined microfluidic devices

Microfluidic devices are disclosed which can be manufactured using surface-micromachining. These devices utilize an electroosmotic force or an electromagnetic field to generate a flow of a fluid in a microchannel that is lined, at least in part, with silicon nitride. Additional electrodes can be provided within or about the microchannel for separating particular constituents in the fluid during the flow based on charge state or magnetic moment. The fluid can also be pressurized in the channel. The present invention has many different applications including electrokinetic pumping, chemical and biochemical analysis (e.g. based on electrophoresis or chromatography), conducting chemical reactions on a microscopic scale, and forming hydraulic actuators.

Temperature control apparatus

A silicon-based sleeve type chemical reaction chamber that combines heaters, such as doped polysilicon for heating, and bulk silicon for convection cooling. The reaction chamber combines a critical ratio of silicon and non-silicon based materials to provide the thermal properties desired. For example, the chamber may combine a critical ratio of silicon and silicon nitride to the volume of material to be heated (e.g., a liquid) in order to provide uniform heating, yet low power requirements. The reaction chamber will also allow the introduction of a secondary tube (e.g., plastic) into the reaction sleeve that contains the reaction mixture thereby alleviating any potential materials incompatibility issues. The reaction chamber may be utilized in any chemical reaction system for synthesis or processing of organic, inorganic, or biochemical reactions, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or other DNA reactions, such as the ligase chain reaction, which are examples of a synthetic, ...

Method and device for moving molecules by the application of a plurality of electrical fields

Devices and methods are disclosed for moving charged molecules through a medium by the application of a plurality of electrical fields of sufficient strength and applied for sufficient amounts of time so as to move the charged molecules through the medium. The devices although preferably small in size, preferably generate large numbers (100 or more) of electrical fields to a movement area which preferably contains a liquid buffered or gel medium. Mixtures of charged molecules are pulled through the gel by the force of the electrical fields. The fields are preferably activated simultaneously or sequentially one after another at various speeds to create complex force field distributions or moving field waves along the separation medium. Charged molecules capable of moving quickly through the gel will be moved along by the faster moving field waves and be separated from slower moving molecules. The fields can be activated by computer software and can be used to move molecules away from and ...

CHEMICAL TRANSISTOR

FLUIDIC MEMS DEVICE

Thin-film transistor used as heating element for microreaction chamber

The thin film transistor formed of polycrystalline silicon is positioned adjacent a heat reaction chamber. The gate electrode for the transistor is formed within a silicon substrate and a gate dielectric is positioned over the gate electrode. A pass transistor is coupled to the gate electrode, the pass transistor having a source/drain region in the same semiconductor substrate and positioned adjacent to the gate electrode of the thin film heating transistor. When the pass transistor is enabled, a voltage is applied to the gate electrode which causes the current to flow from the drain to the source of the thin film transistor. The current flow passes through a highly resistive region which generates heat that is transmitted to the heat reaction chamber.

PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS SEPARATION OF MIXTURES OF MICROSCOPICALLY SMALL DIELECTRIC PARTICLES AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PROCESS

The description relates to a process for separating mixtures of microscopically small dielectric particles in suspension and a device for implementing the process. Prior art separation processes separate particle mixtures according to the differing mobilities of their components. This requires extensive measures to suppress convection in the suspension. In the process of the invention, the particle mixture is forced onto tracks by dielectrophoretic forces or by the flow of the suspension medium. An additional force which, for specific particle types, offsets the force driving the particles onto tracks, separates particles of these types out of the mixture. The device for implementing the process is suitable for system integration. It can be integrated on surfaces of silicon wafers economically and in large numbers. The device is suitable for isolating small particles like biological cells, cell organella, bio-molecules and organic dielectric particles.

РЕАКТОР, УСТАНОВКА И ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫЙ СПОСОБ ДЛЯ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА КРЕМНИЯ ИЛИ ВЫСОКОЧИСТОГО ТЕТРАХЛОРИДА ГЕРМАНИЯ

... 1. Реактор для обработки тетрахлорида кремния или тетрахлорида германия, который загрязнен по меньшей мере одним водородсодержащим соединением, причем плазменный реактор (4) основан на корпусе реактора, высоковольтном питании и по меньшей мере одном микроблоке для плазменной обработки, который состоит, по существу, из заземленного металлического теплообменника (4.2), диэлектрика (4.4), перфорированной пластины, решетки или сетки (4.1) и электрода (4.3) высокого напряжения, при этом продольные оси диэлектрика (4.4), электрода (4.3) высокого напряжения и заземленного металлического теплообменника (4.2) ориентированы параллельно друг другу и одновременно параллельно направлению вектора силы тяготения. ! 2. Установка для получения высокочистого тетрахлорида кремния или тетрахлорида германия в реакторной системе (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) при помощи холодной плазмы и последующей перегонной установки (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15) для перегонки обработанной фазы, причем плазменный реактор (4) основан ...

Methode zur Ausführung mikrofluidischer Manipulationen zur chemischen Analyse und Synthese

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER EMULSION UND VORRICHTUNG DAFÜR

VERFAHREN ZUR HANDHABUNG MIKROSKOPISCH KLEINER, DIELEKTRISCHER TEILCHEN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFÜHRUNG DES VERFAHRENS

Devices with a passageway for electroosmotic flow and method of making same

System for radiopharmaceutical production

Energy conversion system and reaction apparatus

PROCEDURES AND DEVICE FOR WOULD DRIVE OUT FROM MICRO FLUID MANIPULATIONS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS

ADHESION-CONTROLLABLE ULTRAMINIATURISIERTE SURFACE TEXTURE

DOSAGE SYSTEM

PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF ELECTRO-CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN A MICRO REACTOR

LIQUID DISTRIBUTING SYSTEM

PROCEDURE AND SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVED LIQUID TRANSPORT

Thermal Microvalves

The movement and mixing of microdroplets through microchannels is described employing silicon-based microscale devices, comprising microdroplet transport channels, reaction regions, electrophoresis modules, and radiation detectors. The discrete droplets are differentially heated and propelled through etched channels. Electronic components are fabricated on the same substrate material, allowing sensors and controlling circuitry to be incorporated in the same device.

CHEMICAL ACTUATORS

Disclosed herein are chemical actuators and ionic motive force transducers. The actuators and transducers are capable of converting an electrical stimulus into an ionic gradient within a reaction volume. 125-. (canceled)26. An ionic motive force transducer , comprising a chamber defining a volume;a working electrode disposed on one side of the chamber,a counter electrode disposed opposite the working electrode, anda reference electrode;wherein the working electrode comprises a doped, conductive polymer in communication with a conductive substrate.27. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the working electrode and counter electrode are in electrical communication with a processor.28. The transducer according to claim 27 , wherein the processor is configured to provide an electrical stimulus to the conductive substrate.29. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the chamber defines a dish.30. The transducer according to claim 29 , wherein the dish comprises a base and at least one side wall.31. The transducer according to claim 30 , wherein the dish comprises a base and a cylindrical side wall.32. The transducer according to claim 30 , wherein the dish comprises a base and a plurality of straight side walls.33. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the chamber defines a channel.34. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the conductive polymer comprises a poly(pyrrole) claim 26 , poly(acetylene) claim 26 , poly(aniline) claim 26 , poly(p-phenylene vinylene) claim 26 , poly(fluorene) claim 26 , poly(phenylene) claim 26 , poly(pyrene) claim 26 , poly(azulene) claim 26 , poly(naphthalene) claim 26 , poly(carbazole) claim 26 , poly(indole) claim 26 , poly(azepine) claim 26 , poly(thiophene) poly(p-phenylene sulfide) claim 26 , poly(furan) claim 26 , or a copolymer thereof.35. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the conductive polymer comprises a poly(pyrrole).36. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the conductive ...

Chemical synthesis device

An aspect of a chemical synthesis device according to the invention includes a substrate in which a channel for chemically synthesizing a plurality of fluids with each other is formed, and a wiring portion that is provided in the substrate, in which an electric resistance value of the wiring portion changes due to the wiring portion coming into contact with the fluids.

Apparatus having a multitude of particles and method for manufacturing the same

An apparatus includes a substrate having a recess and a multitude of particles arranged in the recess. A first portion of the particles is joined to a porous structure by means of a coating. A second portion of the particles is not joined by means of the coating. The first portion of the particles is arranged closer to an opening of the recess than the second portion of the particles so that a leaking of the second portion of the particles from the recess through the opening is prevented.

System for radiopharmaceutical production

Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to a system and a method for producing a radiopharmaceutical, wherein the system is formed from and/or provides a microfluidic flow system. In certain embodiments, the system comprises a radioisotope isolation module, a radiopharmaceutical production module, a purification module and a quality control module.

Microfluidic system based on active control of flow resistance in microfluidic channels and methods of use thereof

The invention relates to a microfluidic system based on active control of flow resistance and balancing pressures in microfluidic channels and an improved method for disposable microfluidic devices and cartridges for use in, but not limited to, in-vitro diagnostics. The microfluidic system and device of the invention does not utilize mechanical moving parts to control the fluid flow and has no external fluidic connection to the instrument or fluidics controller.

Droplet actuator and methods

The invention provides a droplet actuator designed to provide reliable electrical connections to droplets to reduce or eliminate gas bubble formation during droplet operations. The invention also provides methods and systems for reducing or eliminating the formation of bubbles in a droplet during droplet operations.

GAS REACTOR DEVICES WITH MICROPLASMA ARRAYS ENCAPSULATED IN DEFECT FREE OXIDE

A gas reactor device includes a plurality of microcavities or microchannels defined at least partially within a thick metal oxide layer consisting essentially of defect free oxide. Electrodes are arranged with respect to the microcavities or microchannels to stimulate plasma generation therein upon application of suitable voltage. One or more or all of the electrodes are encapsulated within the thick metal oxide layer. A gas inlet is configured to receive feedstock gas into the plurality of microcavities or microchannels. An outlet is configured to outlet reactor product from the plurality of microcavities or microchannels. In an example preferred device, the feedstock gas is air or Oand is converted by the plasma into ozone (O). In another preferred device, the feedstock gas is an unwanted gas to be decomposed into a desired form. Gas reactor devices of the invention can, for example, decompose gases such as CO, CH, or NOR. 1. A gas reactor device , comprising:a plurality of microcavities or microchannels defined at least partially within a thick metal oxide layer consisting essentially of defect free oxide;electrodes arranged with respect to said plurality of microcavities or microchannels to stimulate plasma generation in said plurality of microcavities or microchannels upon application of suitable voltage wherein at least one of said electrodes is encapsulated within said thick metal oxide layer;a gas inlet to receive feedstock gas into said plurality of microcavities or microchannels; andan outlet to outlet reactor product from said plurality of microcavities or microchannels.2. The device of claim 1 , comprising a feed of feedstock gas into said gas inlet.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein said plurality of microcavities or microchannels comprises a plurality of microchannels.4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the feedstock gas comprises air or Oand the reactor product comprises ozone (O).5. The device of claim 4 , comprising a plurality of microcavities ...

Energy Conversion and Reaction System and Method

A system is described that is capable of operating as an energy conversion system that functions as a fuel cell and generates electrical current from a fuel or fuels, or as a reactor for conversion of starter materials into more complex molecules through ion-ion and ion-molecules and which may preferably be adapted to operate as a gas to liquid (GTL) process. The system ionises at least one fuel or starter material and manipulates, selects and transports ions for reaction by means of suitable electrostatic or electrodynamic ion guides, filters or drift tubes. The system of the present application replaces the electrolyte, catalyst and/or membrane found in classic fuel cells or GTL processes with an electrostatic or electrodynamic ion manipulation region such as an ion guide, analyser, drift tube or filter. 1. A gas to liquid conversion device for converting at least one input stream to a liquid reaction product , the device comprising:a first ionisation region, the first ionisation region comprising a plasma configured to generate ions from at least a first input stream of starting material, the first input stream comprising a gas; andat least one ion manipulation region for conveying generated ions from the first ionisation region, the at least one ion manipulation region comprising at least one ion guide for guiding the generated ions, the at least one ion manipulation region being configured to facilitate at least one of an ion-ion or an ion-molecule reaction to effect generation of a condensed reaction product, the condensed reaction product being output from the device as a liquid.2. The device according to claim 1 , comprising a second ionisation region and wherein one or both of the first ionisation region and the second ionisation region are configured to provide a soft ionization of starting material.3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the soft ionisation is provided by one of the following: chemical ionisation claim 2 , electrospray ionisation ...

DEVICE FOR MANIPULATION OF PACKETS IN MICRO-CONTAINERS, IN PARTICULAR IN MICROCHANNELS

A microfluidic device for performing physical, chemical or biological treatment to at least one packet without contamination. 1. A device for performing a PCR , comprising:a microchannel comprising a coil comprising a capillary tube defining an internal space of the microchannel, wherein the capillary tube comprises a non internally coated bulk fluorinated material; a carrier fluid comprising a fluorosolvent containing a surfactant, and', 'aqueous droplets surrounded by the carrier fluid,, 'wherein the capillary tube is at least partly filled withthe coil comprising a denaturing region and an annealing region, both regions being at different temperatures, wherein the difference between the interfacial tension between a droplet and the capillary tube and the interfacial tension between the droplet and the carrier fluid is at least 26 mN/m.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the bulk fluorinated material is a fluoropolymer.3. The device according to claim 1 , comprising a cylinder comprising three regions corresponding to the denaturing claim 1 , annealing and elongation regions.4. The device according to claim 3 , the capillary tube being wound around the cylinder.5. The device according to claim 3 , the denaturing claim 3 , annealing and elongation regions being isolated one from another by sheets claim 3 , which are affixed between the pieces of the cylinder.6. The device according to claim 1 , the device having a cylinder shape and comprising three ventilation holes per quarter cylinder claim 1 , said holes being drilled through the entire device to provide vents for air cooling.7. The device according to claim 6 , further comprising a turbine configured to blow ambient air through the ventilation holes providing temperature control and uniformity.8. The device according to claim 1 , the device having a cylinder shape claim 1 , two holes for receiving thermocouples and one central hole for receiving a heater being drilled partially through the cylinder in ...

MICROREACTOR FOR USE IN MICROSCOPY

An improved microreactor for use in microscopy, use of said microreactor, and a microscope comprising said reactor. The present invention is in the field of microscopy, specifically in the field of electron and focused ion beam microscopy (EM and FIB), and in particular Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). However its application is extendable in principle to any field of microscopy, especially wherein characteristics of a (solid) specimen (or sample) are studied in detail, such as during a reaction. 1. A nano- or micro-reactor assembly for use in an electron microscope comprising a reactor allowing placement of a sample into the reactor , the reactor comprising:reactor walls, at least one wall being on a first side opposite of a second side, wherein the walls are flexible, and wherein at least one side comprises at least one window, and wherein the at least one window which is transparent for electrons,at least one first capacitive plate and at least one second capacitive plate arranged to cooperate with the at least one first capacitive plate for controlling parallel positions of the first and second side, wherein the at least one first plate is located at the first side of the nanoreactor or is attached to said first side, wherein the at least one second plate is located at the second side of the nanoreactor or is attached to said second side, and wherein the capacitive plates are separated from the reactor interior by a dielectric material, andat least one means for providing an electric field to the capacitive plates.2. The reactor assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one first plate and/or the at least one second plate comprise at least two sections.3. The reactor assembly according to wherein the at least two sections comprise an inner section and an outer section.4. The reactor assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the inner and outer active sections can be activated independently claim 1 , preferably wherein the inner section can be ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HANDLING MICROFLUIDIC DROPLETS

The invention generally relates to assemblies for displacing droplets from a vessel that facilitate the collection and transfer of the droplets while minimizing sample loss. In certain aspects, the assembly includes at least one droplet formation module, in which the module is configured to form droplets surrounded by an immiscible fluid. The assembly also includes at least one chamber including an outlet, in which the chamber is configured to receive droplets and an immiscible fluid, and in which the outlet is configured to receive substantially only droplets. The assembly further includes a channel, configured such that the droplet formation module and the chamber are in fluid communication with each other via the channel. In other aspects, the assembly includes a plurality of hollow members, in which the hollow members are channels and in which the members are configured to interact with a vessel. The plurality of hollow members includes a first member configured to expel a fluid immiscible with droplets in the vessel and a second member configured to substantially only droplets from the vessel. The assembly also includes a main channel, in which the second member is in fluid communication with the main channel. The assembly also includes at least one analysis module connected to the main channel. 1. An assembly , the assembly comprising:at least one droplet formation module, wherein the module is configured to form droplets surrounded by an immiscible fluid;at least one chamber comprising an outlet, wherein the chamber is configured to receive droplets and an immiscible fluid, and wherein the outlet is positioned to receive substantially only droplets; anda channel, configured such that the droplet formation module and the chamber are in fluid communication with each other via the channel.2. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the droplet formation module comprises at least one first channel adapted to carry an aqueous fluid and at least one channel adapted to ...

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR SYNTEHSIZING BIOPOLYMERS

The present disclosure provides an apparatus for synthesizing a biopolymer, a method for preparing an apparatus for synthesizing a biopolymer, and a method of synthesizing a biopolymer. The apparatus comprises (a) a substrate comprising a top surface and a plurality of wells, wherein each of the plurality of wells comprises a first electrode disposed on the bottom of the well and a linker attached to the sides of the well; and (b) a fluidic chamber system disposed on the top surface of the substrate. 1. An apparatus for synthesizing a biopolymer , the apparatus comprising:(a) a substrate comprising a passivized top surface and a plurality of wells, wherein each of the plurality of wells comprises a first electrode disposed on the bottom of the well and a linker attached to the sides of the well; and(b) a fluidic chamber system disposed on the top surface of the substrate.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the distance between a first well and a second well is about 1 to about 500 μm.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the well is about 1 to about 200 μm.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is selected from glass claim 1 , sputtered SiO claim 1 , PECVD claim 1 , SiOand the like.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the depth of the well is from about 500 nm to about 500 um.6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the depth of the well is from about 1 to 10 μm.7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises a material selected from gold claim 1 , iridium claim 1 , palladium or platinum.8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the linker comprises a hydroxy functionalized silane.9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the linker is (N-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-4-hydroxybutyramide.10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fluidic chamber system comprises polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).115010. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein ...

Compartmentalised combinatorial chemistry by microfluidic control

The invention describes a method for the synthesis of compounds comprising the steps of: (a) compartmentalising two or more sets of primary compounds into microcapsules; such that a proportion of the microcapsules contains two or more compounds; and (b) forming secondary compounds in the microcapsules by chemical reactions between primary compounds from different sets; wherein one or both of steps (a) and (b) is performed under microfluidic control; preferably electronic microfluidic control The invention further allows for the identification of compounds which bind to a target component of a biochemical system or modulate the activity of the target, and which is co-compartmentalised into the microcapsules.

CORONA DISCHARGE REACTOR AND METHOD FOR USING

Disclosed microreactors operate in an electrical discharge mode, such as a pulse mode, an arc mode or a corona discharge mode, and most preferably in a corona discharge mode. A microreactor may comprise multiple, simultaneously operating corona discharges. The microreactor typically has at least one feature measured on a millimeter scale. Certain disclosed microreactors comprised multiple reactor plates in a stack. Each plate comprised plural corona discharge electrodes positioned in series along each of plural corresponding microchannels. A method for using disclosed microreactors and systems comprising disclosed microreactors, such as for chemical transformations, fluid purifications, or both, also is disclosed. 1. A microreactor configured to produce a corona discharge.2. The microreactor of claim 1 , further comprising:one or more emitter electrodes and one or more counter electrodes having a fluid channel therebetween, wherein the channel is configured such that one or more reactants flowing through the channel flow perpendicularly with respect to the one or more emitter electrodes and the one or more counter electrodes, the emitter and counter electrodes configured to produce plural, simultaneously operating corona discharges; anda DC power source coupled to the reactor and controlled by a power source control unit.3. The microreactor of claim 2 , wherein the emitter electrodes are needle tip electrodes and the counter electrodes are plate electrodes claim 2 , and wherein the electrodes comprise a material selected from a group consisting of a metal claim 2 , a metal alloy claim 2 , a super alloy claim 2 , a semiconductor claim 2 , or combinations thereof.4. The microreactor of claim 2 , wherein the channel has a width of no more than 500 μm.5. The microreactor of claim 2 , wherein the DC power source comprises one or more in-line ballast resistors.6. The microreactor of claim 2 , configured to produce 2 to 100 simultaneously operating corona discharges.7. The ...

METHOD FOR LIQUID AUTHENTICATION BY DETECTION OF FLAVONOID DERIVATIVES

A Liquid, comprising an hydrophobic flavonoid derivative electrochemically non-active, that is capable of restoring its electrochemical activity, the concentration of the flavonoid derivative being 10 ppm by weight or less, and an organic substance in an amount of 90% by weight or more. 1. A composition that is a liquid at 20° C. and 1 atm pressure , comprisinga) a flavonoid derivative obtainable by modifying hydroxyl groups of a flavonoid with organic groups, a concentration of the flavonoid derivative being 100 ppm by weight or less, andb) an organic substance in an amount of 90% by weight or more.2. The composition that is a liquid at 20° C. and 1 atm pressure according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is a fuel and wherein the organic substance is present in an amount of equal to or greater than 95% by weight and is one or more hydrocarbons having 6 to 22 carbon atoms claim 1 , methanol or ethanol.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the flavonoid derivative loses some or all of the modifying organic groups upon heating to a temperature of 50° C. or higher.5. An authenticating marker claim 1 , comprising a flavonoid derivative obtainable by modifying the hydroxyl groups of a flavonoid with organic groups as an authenticating marker in a composition that is a liquid at 20° C. and 1 atm pressure.7. A method for authenticating the genuineness and/or origin of a composition that is a liquid at 20° C. and 1 atm pressure containing a flavonoid derivative obtainable by derivatizing the hydroxyl groups of a flavonoid with organic groups claim 1 , comprising the steps ofmixing said flavonoid derivative with an electrolytic solution to produce a mixture;heating and then cooling the mixture to produce a flavonoid or flavonoid derivative that is electrochemically more active as compared to the flavonoid derivative that is mixed with an electrolytic solution to produce the mixture;separating said obtained electrochemically more active flavonoid or flavonoid ...

FLOW CHANNEL PLATE

In a flow channel plate, in which a first base material and a second base material are joined together so that a recessed portion formed in the first base material is used as a flow channel, an electrode having a recessed and projected shape that encourages a fluid flowing through the flow channel to become a turbulent flow is formed at least on part of a portion corresponding to the flow channel, the portion being part of the second base material, and the second base material is provided with an electrode extraction section that is brought into conduction with the electrode. 1. A flow channel plate , comprising:a first base material; anda second base material;the first base material and the second material being joined together and having a recessed portion in at least one of the first base material and the second base material that is defines a flow channel,an electrode having a recessed and projected shape arranged at least on part of a portion corresponding to the flow channel, the portion being part of the second base material, wherein the recessed and projected shape encourages a fluid flowing through the flow channel to become a turbulent flow; andthe second base material provided with an electrode extraction section that is brought into conduction with the electrode.2. The flow channel plate according to claim 1 , wherein:the first base material is in a flat-plate shape and the recessed portion is in the first base material; andthe second base material is in a flat-plate shape and the recessed and projected shape of the electrode has a plurality of ridges, each of which has a predetermined angle with respect to a liquid transfer direction of the flow channel, and has an electrode film among the plurality of ridges.3. The flow channel plate according to claim 2 , wherein each of the plurality of ridges is in a V-shape that has a vertex oriented toward an upstream of the fluid flowing through the flow channel.4. The flow channel plate according to claim 3 , ...

Scalable chemical reactor and method of operation thereof

A photovoltaic apparatus comprising: at least one photovoltaic surface electrically connected to a set of photovoltaic electrodes; and a chemical reactor electrically connected to the set of photovoltaic electrodes. The chemical reactor enables N pairwise fluid contacts among k chemical fluids, with k≥2 and N≥4 and comprises: a reaction layer extending in a plane subtended by two directions; N chemical cells, each including two circuit portions, designed for enabling circulation of two of the k chemical fluids, respectively, the two circuit portions intersecting each other, thereby enabling one pairwise fluid contact for the two of the k chemical fluids; and a fluid distribution circuit comprising: k sets of inlet orifices sequentially alternating along lines parallel to one of the two directions; and k sets of outlet orifices sequentially alternating along lines parallel to the inlet orifices, and wherein, each circuit portion connects an inlet orifice to an outlet orifice.

FLUID INJECTION

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for the control of fluids and, in some cases, to systems and methods for flowing a fluid into and/or out of other fluids. As examples, fluid may be injected into a droplet contained within a fluidic channel, or a fluid may be injected into a fluidic channel to create a droplet. In some embodiments, electrodes may be used to apply an electric field to one or more fluidic channels, e.g., proximate an intersection of at least two fluidic channels. For instance, a first fluid may be urged into and/or out of a second fluid, facilitated by the electric field. The electric field, in some cases, may disrupt an interface between a first fluid and at least one other fluid. Properties such as the volume, flow rate, etc. of a first fluid being urged into and/or out of a second fluid can be controlled by controlling various properties of the fluid and/or a fluidic droplet, for example curvature of the fluidic droplet, and/or controlling the applied electric field. 1. A method , comprising:providing a microfluidic system comprising a first microfluidic channel and a second microfluidic channel contacting the first microfluidic channel at an intersection;providing a first fluid in the first microfluidic channel and a second fluid in the second microfluidic channel, wherein the first fluid and the second fluid contact each other at least partially within the intersection to define a fluidic interface; andapplying an electric field to the interface to urge the second fluid to enter the first microfluidic channel, wherein, in the absence of the electric field, the second fluid is not urged to enter the first microfluidic channel.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying pressure to the second fluid contained within the second microfluidic channel sufficient to cause at least a portion of the second fluid to enter the first fluid to form the droplets.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first fluid is ...

Diphasic Gas/Liquid Plasma Reactor

The present invention relates to a microfluidic or millifluidic device () comprising: —a support () made at least partially of a dielectric material, the support () comprising a first inlet () adapted to be connected to a first reservoir containing gas, a second inlet () adapted to be connected to a second reservoir containing liquid, an outlet () adapted to be connected to a receiver container containing gas and/or liquid, and a main microchannel or millichannel () present in the dielectric material allowing the liquid and the gas to flow from the inlets towards the outlet, —one or several ground electrode(s) () embedded in said dielectric material and extending along the main microchannel or millichannel (), and —one or several high-voltage electrode(s) () embedded fi in said dielectric material and extending along the main microchannel or millichannel (), wherein the high-voltage electrode(s) () and the ground electrode(s) () are located on opposite sides of the main microchannel or millichannel () so as to be able to generate an electric field inside the main microchannel or millichannel (). The present invention relates also to a method for generating a plasma in a continuous manner using such a microfluidic or millifluidic device (). 1. A method for generating a plasma in a continuous manner using the microfluidic or millifluidic device comprising:a support made at least partially of a dielectric material, the support comprising a first inlet adapted to be connected to a first reservoir containing gas, a second inlet adapted to be connected to a second reservoir containing liquid, an outlet adapted to be connected to a receiver container containing gas and/or liquid, and a main microchannel or millichannel present in the dielectric material allowing the liquid and the gas to flow from the inlets towards the outlet,one or several ground electrode(s) embedded in said dielectric material and extending along the main microchannel or millichannel, andone or several ...

Micropump and/or micromixer with integrated sensor and process for its manufacture

Vorgeschlagen wird eine Mikromembranpumpe und/oder ein Mikromischer, mit einer Antriebsmembran (10), mindestens einem Einlass und mindestens einem Auslass (3), und einem Pumpen-/Mischerkörper (9), welcher zusammen mit der Antriebsmembran (10) mindestens eine Pump-/Mischerkammer (300) bildet dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die Mikropumpe/ den Mikromischer mindestens ein Messfühler (400) integriert ist. Als Messfühler wird bevorzugt eine Elektrodenanordnung gewählt, welche die Anwendung elektrochemischer Messverfahren ermöglicht. Dies kann z. B. eine parallele Platten Anordnung sein. Weiterhin wird die Anwendung von Auswerteverfahren der multivariaten Statistik oder der Mustererkennung vorgeschlagen. A micromembrane pump and / or a micromixer is proposed, with a drive membrane (10), at least one inlet and at least one outlet (3), and a pump / mixer body (9), which together with the drive membrane (10) has at least one pump / Mixing chamber (300) is characterized in that at least one measuring sensor (400) is integrated in the micropump / micromixer. An electrode arrangement which enables the use of electrochemical measuring methods is preferably selected as the measuring sensor. This can e.g. B. be a parallel plate arrangement. Furthermore, the use of evaluation methods of multivariate statistics or pattern recognition is proposed.

Reactor for the treatment of a sample medium

Reaktor mit einer Reaktionskammer (14, 14a, b) in mikromechanischer Bauweise für ein elektrische Ladungsträger enthaltendes Probenmedium und mit einem Erzeuger (20) für ein im Inneren der Reaktionskammer (14, 14a, b) wirksames, taktweise umgepoltes und/oder örtlich verändertes, elektrostatisches Feld als Rührvorrichtung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reaktionskammer länglich ausgestaltet ist und entlang ihres länglichen Verlaufes mehrere unabhängig voneinander aktivierbare Elektrodenpaare ineinander verschachtelt angeordnet sind. Reactor with a reaction chamber (14, 14a, b) in a micromechanical construction for a sample medium containing electrical charge carriers and with a generator (20) for an effective, cyclically reversed and / or locally changed inside the reaction chamber (14, 14a, b), electrostatic field as a stirring device, characterized in that the reaction chamber is of elongated design and a plurality of electrode pairs which can be activated independently of one another are arranged nested one inside the other along their elongated course.

Non-contact micromanipulation method and apparatus

A method of non-contact micromanipulation using ultrasound includes disposing in a liquid medium in which micro particles are distributed, an ultrasound transducer comprising a transducer plate, a surface electrode wholly covering a first principal surface of the transducer plate and a reverse surface electrode on a second principal surface of the transducer plate comprising a plurality of short electrode strips arranged in parallel, and a reflector set in parallel opposition to the first principal surface of the transducer plate from which the reflector is spaced apart by a prescribed distance, applying a voltage to at least one electrode strip selected from the plurality of electrode strips to radiate ultrasound to form a standing wave field between the ultrasound transducer and the reflector to trap micro particles, and electrically switching the voltage being applied to the selected electrode strip to an adjacent electrode strip to move the standing wave field by moving a position of ultrasound radiated by the ultrasound transducer to thereby move the trapped micro particles in a direction in which the electrode strips are arrayed.

High-throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices

The present invention provides microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays. In particular, the devices and methods of the invention are useful in screening large numbers of different compounds for their effects on a variety of chemical, and preferably, biochemical systems. The device includes a series of channels (110, 112), and optional reagent channel (114), fabricated into the surface of the substrate. At least one of these channels will typically have very small cross-sectional dimensions, e.g. in the range of from about 0.1 νm to about 500 νm. The device also includes reservoirs (104, 106 and 108), disposed and fluidly connected at the ends of the channels (110 and 114). As shown, sample channel (112) is used to introduce the plurality of different test compounds into the device. As such, this channel will generally be fluidly connected to a source of large numbers of separate test compounds that will be individually introduced into the sample channel (112) and subsequently into channel (110).

Pre-disposed assay components in microfluidic devices and methods

Microfluidic devices having predisposed assay components for increased throughput and prolonged shelf life are provided.

High throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices

The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays. In particular, the devices and methods of the invention are useful in screening large numbers of different compounds for their effects on a variety of chemical, and preferably, biochemical systems.

High throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices

The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays. In particular, the devices and methods of the invention are useful in screening large numbers of different compounds for their effects on a variety of chemical, and preferably, biochemical systems.

Microfluid molecular-flow fractionator and bioreactor with integrated active/passive diffusion barrier

A microfluidic device and method is disclosed for fractionating and/or trapping selected molecules with a diffusion barrier or porous membrane. The device includes a source fluid flow channel and a target fluid flow channel. The target fluid flow channel and the source fluid flow channel meet at cross-channel area and are in fluid communication with each other. A porous membrane separates the source fluid flow channel from the target fluid flow channel in the cross-channel area. A field-force/gradient mechanism may be positioned proximate the porous membrane with or without detection/state monitoring devices.

Method of continuously separating mixtures of microscopic dielectric particles and apparatus for carrying through this method

A method of separating mixtures of microscopic dielectric particles in sunsions in an apparatus for carrying the method. A mixture of particles is forced onto guide paths by dielectrophoretic forces or by a flow of the suspension medium with an additional force, which is provided to compensate the force causing the particles to move along the guide paths for specific particle species causing the specific particle species to be fed out from the mixture of particles. The apparatus may be integrated on surfaces of silicon wafers at low cost and in mass-production numbers, and is suitable for isolating minute particles such as biological cells, cell organelles, bio molecules as well as organic dielectric particles.

Thermal microvalves in a fluid flow method

The movement and mixing of microdroplets through microchannels is described employing silicon-based microscale devices, including microdroplet transport channels, reaction regions, electrophoresis modules, and radiation detectors. The discrete droplets are differentially heated and propelled through etched channels. Electronic components are fabricated on the same substrate material, allowing sensors and controlling circuitry to be incorporated in the same device.

Controlled fluid transport microfabricated polymeric substrates

Microfluidic devices are provided for the performance of chemical and biochemical analyses, syntheses and detection. The devices of the invention combine precise fluidic control systems with microfabricated polymeric substrates to provide accurate, low cost miniaturized analytical devices that have broad applications in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular biology and numerous other fields.

Optical and electrical methods and apparatus for molecule detection

A method and apparatus are disclosed for identifying molecular structures within a sample substance using a monolithic array of test sites formed on a substrate upon which the sample substance is applied. Each test site includes probes formed therein to bond with a predetermined target molecular structure or structures. A signal is applied to the test sites and certain electrical, mechanical and/or optical properties of the test sites are detected to determine which probes have bonded to an associated target molecular structure.

Methods for transport in molecular biological analysis and diagnostics

A self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic device is designed and fabricated to actively carry out and control multi-step and multiplex molecular biological reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include nucleic acid hybridizations, antibody/antigen reactions, diagnostics, and biopolymer synthesis. The device can be fabricated using both microlithographic and micro-machining techniques. The device can electronically control the transport and attachment of specific binding entities to specific micro-locations. The specific binding entities include molecular biological molecules such as nucleic acids and polypeptides. The device can subsequently control the transport and reaction of analytes or reactants at the addressed specific micro-locations. The device is able to concentrate analytes and reactants, remove non-specifically bound molecules, provide stringency control for DNA hybridization reactions, and improve the detection of analytes. The device can be electronically replicated.

Self-addressable self-assembling microelectronic systems and devices for molecular biological analysis and diagnostics

A method for analyzing nucleic acid obtained from a cell sample on a platform is described. A platform having a cell selector, a nucleic acid selector, and an array of microlocations, wherein at least one microlocation has an associated capture sequence, is provided. The cell selector is contacted with a cell sample, wherein a portion of the cells remain associated with the cell selector. At least a portion of cells associated with the cell selector are lysed to release a nucleic acid sample. The nucleic acid selector is then contacted with the nucleic acid sample, such that a portion of the nucleic acid sample remains associated with the nucleic acid selector. The associated nucleic acid sample is then released from the nucleic acid selector and then is contacted with the array of microlocations, such that at least a portion of the released nucleic acid sample hybridizes with the capture sequence.

Thin-film transistor used as heating element for microreaction chamber

The thin film transistor formed of polycrystalline silicon is positioned adjacent a heat reaction chamber. The gate electrode for the transistor is formed within a silicon substrate and a gate dielectric is positioned over the gate electrode. A pass transistor is coupled to the gate electrode, the pass transistor having a source/drain region in the same semiconductor substrate and positioned adjacent to the gate electrode of the thin film heating transistor. When the pass transistor is enabled, a voltage is applied to the gate electrode which causes the current to flow from the drain to the source of the thin film transistor. The current flow passes through a highly resistive region which generates heat that is transmitted to the heat reaction chamber.

Integrated microfluidic device with reduced peak power consumption

An integrated micro fluidic device having a number of chambers (11-MN) for heating a fluid, a number of electrical heating elements (R) for heating different ones of the chambers, a controller for controlling the heating elements to vary a temperature of the fluid in the chambers repeatedly through a cycle of different temperatures, the controller being arranged to time the temperature cycle for a given one of the chambers to be out of phase with temperature cycles of others of the chambers. This can help reduce peak power consumption, and thus reduce unwanted voltage drops on supply lines. These can cause loss of precision in heating and sensing circuits. The device can comprise a low temperature polysilicon on a glass substrate. The controller can be coupled to the heating elements using an active matrix of control lines and switches (T2).

Mikropumpe und/oder Mikromischer mit integriertem Sensor und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Vorgeschlagen wird eine Mikromembranpumpe und/oder ein Mikromischer, mit einer Antriebsmembran (10), mindestens einem Einlass und mindestens einem Auslass (3), und einem Pumpen-/Mischerkörper (9), welcher zusammen mit der Antriebsmembran (10) mindestens eine Pump-/Mischerkammer (300) bildet dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die Mikropumpe/ den Mikromischer mindestens ein Messfühler (400) integriert ist. Als Messfühler wird bevorzugt eine Elektrodenanordnung gewählt, welche die Anwendung elektrochemischer Messverfahren ermöglicht. Dies kann z. B. eine parallele Platten Anordnung sein. Weiterhin wird die Anwendung von Auswerteverfahren der multivariaten Statistik oder der Mustererkennung vorgeschlagen. <IMAGE>

用于在不混溶流体之间进行扩散传递的方法与设备

在不混溶液体之间扩散传递诸如溶质之类的物质然后在不混合的情况下分离所说的液体的方法与设备：薄板的相反侧上具有第一和第二流路，它们用于传送第一和第二不混溶的流体，其中，薄板上开孔的高度不大于200微米，在各开孔内的流体之间会形成稳定的界面，在紧邻上述界面处有显著量的流体流。在上述界面的两端进行扩散传递，然后流体在不混合的情况下流离上述区域。所述流路按垂直于薄板测量时的宽度在10至500微米之间。各开孔的壁面可以是平行的或者是呈锥形的。

用于放射性药物生产的系统

本发明的某些实施方案涉及用于生产放射性药物的系统和方法，其中所述系统由微流体流动系统形成和/或提供了微流体流动系统。在某些实施方案中，所述系统包括放射性同位素分离模块、放射性药物生产模块、纯化模块和质量控制模块。

叉指电极芯片

本发明公开了一种叉指电极芯片。本发明一种叉指电极芯片，包括：底座、叉指电极块、通道层和盖片层；所述底座上设有叉指电极块放置凹槽，所述叉指电极块与叉指电极块放置凹槽的形状相适配；所述叉指电极块放入所述叉指电极块放置凹槽后，所述叉指电极块的上表面和所述底座的上表面齐平；所述叉指电极块包括基底和设置在所述基底上的叉指电极层；所述叉指电极层包括第一电极和第二电极。本发明的有益效果：该发明用于流动化学的微通道反应中实现反应物在线检测，能够接入到反应通道的任意位置，实现对反应过程中多个区域的反应物浓度、反应状态等的动态变化过程的检测和监控。

Channel-less Separation of Bioparticles on a Bioelectronic Chip by Dielectrophoresis

본 발명은 유전이동에 의한 세포 입자의 채널레스 (channel-less) 분리, 분리된 세포의 DC 고전압 펄스 전자 세포용해, 세포 용해물과 같은 초기 혼합물로부터 원하는 성분의 분리, 이러한 용해물의 효소 반응 중 하나 이상을 모두다 단일한 생물전자 칩 상에서 수행할 수 있는 디바이스 및 방법을 포함한다. 본 발명의 바람직한 실시양태는 카트리지 (10)이다. 이 카트리지 (10)은 인쇄회로기판 (14) 상에 미세제작된 실리콘 칩 (12)과, 이 칩 (12) 위에 설치되어 있고 흐름 챔버를 형성하는 흐름 셀 (16)을 포함한다. 카트리지 (10)은 또한 출력 핀 (22)이 있어서 전자 제어기에 전자적으로 접속된다. 칩 (12)는 원형 미세전극 (24) 및 반대전극 (34)를 다수 포함한다. 전극 (24)는 모든 전극과 그 위에 언져진 흐름 셀 (16)에 도입된 샘플과의 직접적 접촉을 차단하는 보호층으로 코팅하는 것이 바람직하다. 투과층은 또한 최소 전기장에서 세포 부착을 감소시키는 데 도움이 되며, 특정 세포 포획을 위해 특정 항체를 고정시킬 수 있다. 이 칩 상에서는 여러 세포 혼합물로부터 특정 세포를 분리하고 세포용해하고 효소에 의해 소화시킬 수 있다. The present invention provides for channel-less separation of cell particles by genetic transfer, DC high voltage pulse electron lysis of isolated cells, separation of desired components from initial mixtures such as cell lysates, enzymatic reactions of these lysates. It includes devices and methods that can perform one or more of all on a single bioelectronic chip. A preferred embodiment of the invention is a cartridge 10. The cartridge 10 includes a silicon chip 12 microfabricated on a printed circuit board 14 and a flow cell 16 provided on the chip 12 and forming a flow chamber. The cartridge 10 also has an output pin 22 to be electronically connected to the electronic controller. The chip 12 includes a plurality of circular microelectrodes 24 and counter electrodes 34. The electrode 24 is preferably coated with a protective layer that blocks direct contact of all electrodes with the sample introduced into the flow cell 16 frozen thereon. The permeable layer also helps to reduce cell adhesion at minimal electric fields and can immobilize specific antibodies for specific cell capture. On this chip, specific cells can be isolated, lysed and digested by enzymes from different cell mixtures.

Microfluidic systems

This invention relates to microfluidic systems and more particularly to methods and apparatus for accessing the contents of micro droplets ( 114 ) in an emulsion stream. A method of accessing the contents of a droplet ( 114 ) of an emulsion in a microfluidic system, the method comprising: flowing the emulsion alongside a continuous, non-emulsive stream of second fluid ( 118 ) to provide an interface ( 120 ) between said emulsion and said stream of second fluid ( 118 ); and in embodiments applying one or both of an electric ( 112 a, 112 b ) and magnetic field across said interface ( 120 ) to alter a trajectory of a said droplet ( 114 ) of said emulsion to cause said droplet to coalesce with said stream of second fluid ( 118 ); and accessing said contents of said droplet ( 114 ) in said second stream ( 118 ).

Real-time PCR device

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DIFFUSIVE TRANSFER BETWEEN IMMISCIBLE FLUIDS.

본 발명은 비혼화성 유체 사이의 용질과 같은 물질의 확산 전달 및 혼합 없이 액체의 후속 분리를 촉진시키기 위하여, 구멍(10)의 높이가 200μm 미만이고(시트의 폭 및 유체 흐름의 방향에 대해 수직으로 측정됨), 각각의 구멍내의 유체 사이의 경계면이 형성되고 경계면에 바로 인접한 위치에 다량의 유체 흐름가 있는, 소공성 시트(8)의 반대면상에 제1 및 제2비혼화성 유체를 운반시키는 제1 및 제2흐름 경로(1,2)를 갖는 장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다. 확산 전달은 경계면을 횡단하여 일어나고, 후속하여 유체는 혼합 없이 영역으로부터 유동한다. 시트(8)에 대해 수직으로 측정된 흐름 경로의 폭은 10 내지 500μm이다. 각각의 구멍의 벽은 평행하거나 점점 가늘어진 형태일 수 있다.

Interconnect device, fuel cell and fuel cell stack

本发明提供用于包括电解质、阳极和阴极的燃料电池的互联装置，该互联装置包括一个具有多条通道的通道系统，每条通道在一端封闭且在其开口端或是具有一个入口侧或具有一个出口侧。具有一个入口侧的各通道与具有一个出口侧的通道交替布置，各通道的入口侧按照连续的顺序布置在互联装置的一侧上，同时各通道的出口侧按照连续的顺序布置在互联装置的相对于入口侧的相对侧上，且通道第二层位于通道系统的表面上。本发明还提供使用该互联装置的燃料电池和燃料电池组。

High-throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices

本发明提供了用来进行高通过量筛选分析的微液体装置和方法。具体的是,本发明的装置和方法可用来筛选大量不同化合物对各种化学系统,优选的是生化系统的作用。该装置包括一系列管子(110,112),和任选的试剂管(114),它们组装在基片的表面里。这些管子的至少一种典型地有极小的截面尺寸范围,如0.1—500微米。该装置也包括处于且与管子末端流体连接的贮槽(104,106和108)。如图所示,样品管(112)用来将多个不同试验化合物引入装置。这样该管子通常与大量分开化合物源连接,从而可单个地引入样品管(112)并接着进入管(110)。

Method and system for inhibiting cross-contamination in fluids of combinatorial chemistry device

A system and method for accomplishing a plurality of combinatorial processes in parallel comprising a microelectronic and fluidic array (device array) having micron-sized reservoirs, connecting microchannels and reaction cells etched into a substrate. The device array is supported by a station which serves to interface and perform electro-optic measurements of material in the reaction cells of the device array. The device array incorporates a modular configuration with three distinct layers or plates. The device array comprises a top feedthru plate, a center distribution plate and a bottom cell plate. The three plates are stacked vertically and coupled together to form a liquid-tight seal. Reservoirs, microchannels and reactions cells are controllably etched onto the plates using traditional semiconductor fabrication techniques. The top feedthru plate serves as a cover for the device array and contains apertures selectively positioned above the reservoirs located in the center distribution plate. The center distribution plate comprises a plurality of micron sized reservoirs, microchannels, reservoir feeds, cell feeds and overflow feeds for the distribution of reagent fluids to the reaction cells located in the bottom cell plate. The detachable bottom cell plate serves as a microlaboratory tray of reaction cells. Once the proper reagents or other materials are introduced into the reaction cells, the bottom cell plate is decoupled from the device array and removed for incubation or analysis.

Liquid distribution system

The present invention provides a liquid distribution system, which is useful in a number of contexts, including in accomplishing various synthetic, diagnostic and drug screening reactions. The distribution system can comprise an alpha reservoir (200A) and a beta reservoir (200B), a first set of parallel and adjacent first and second feeder channels (211A-211B) and a second set of parallel and adjacent third and fourth feeder channels (211C-211D) which are offset from the first and second feed channels (211A-211B), wherein (a) the first (211A) and third (211C) feeder channels are connected to the alpha reservoir (200A) via a first connector channel (211A) that is situated above or below the second (211B) and fourth feeder channels (211D) and are independent of the beta reservoir and (b) the second (211B) and fourth feeder channels (211D) are connected to the beta reservoir via a second connector channel (211B) that it situated above or below the first and third feeder channels (211A and 211C) and are independent of the alpha reservoir (200A). The distribution system is preferably a microscale distribution system. Various particular mechanisms for controlling flow into a liquid distribution system are described.

Microfabricated sleeve devices for chemical reactions

A silicon-based sleeve type chemical reaction chamber that combines heaters, such as doped polysilicon for heating, and bulk silicon for convection cooling. The reaction chamber combines a critical ratio of silicon and non-silicon based materials to provide the thermal properties desired. For example, the chamber may combine a critical ratio of silicon and silicon nitride to the volume of material to be heated (e.g., a liquid) in order to provide uniform heating, yet low power requirements. The reaction chamber will also allow the introduction of a secondary tube (e.g., plastic) into the reaction sleeve that contains the reaction mixture thereby alleviating any potential materials incompatibility issues. The reaction chamber may be utilized in any chemical reaction system for synthesis or processing of organic, inorganic, or biochemical reactions, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or other DNA reactions, such as the ligase chain reaction, which are examples of a synthetic, thermal-cycling-based reaction. The reaction chamber may also be used in synthesis instruments, particularly those for DNA amplification and synthesis.

Silicon-based sleeve devices for chemical reactions

A silicon-based sleeve type chemical reaction chamber that combines heaters, such as doped polysilicon for heating, and bulk silicon for convection cooling. The reaction chamber combines a critical ratio of silicon and silicon nitride to the volume of material to be heated (e.g., a liquid) in order to provide uniform heating, yet low power requirements. The reaction chamber will also allow the introduction of a secondary tube (e.g., plastic) into the reaction sleeve that contains the reaction mixture thereby alleviating any potential materials incompatibility issues. The reaction chamber may be utilized in any chemical reaction system for synthesis or processing of organic, inorganic, or biochemical reactions, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or other DNA reactions, such as the ligase chain reaction, which are examples of a synthetic, thermal-cycling-based reaction. The reaction chamber may also be used in synthesis instruments, particularly those for DNA amplification and synthesis.

Microscale fluid handling system

A microscale fluid handling system that permits the efficient transfer of nanoliter to picoliter quantities of a fluid sample from the spatially concentrated environment of a microfabricated chip to "off-chip" analytical or collection devices for further off-chip sample manipulation and analysis is disclosed. The fluid handling system is fabricated in the form of one or more channels, in any suitable format, provided in a microchip body or substrate of silica, polymer or other suitable non-conductive material, or of stainless steel, noble metal, silicon or other suitable conductive or semi-conductive material. The microchip fluid handling system includes one or more exit ports integral with the end of one or more of the channels for consecutive or simultaneous off-chip analysis or collection of the sample. The exit port or ports may be configured, for example, as an electrospray interface for transfer of a fluid sample to a mass spectrometer.

Methods and devices for liquid treatment of suspended particles

Es werden Verfahren zur Behandlung mindestens eines Partikels (10-13) mit mindestens einer Reaktionsflüssigkeit (20) in einem Hauptkanal (30) eines fluidischen Mikrosystems (100) beschrieben, mit den Schritten: Bewegung des mindestens einen Partikels (10-13) mit einer Trägerflüssigkeit (40), die in einer Längsrichtung des Hauptkanals (30) strömt, bis zu einer Halteeinrichtung (50), mindestens zeitweise Halterung des mindestens einen Partikels (13) unter der Wirkung einer Haltekraft, die von der Halteeinrichtung (50) ausgeübt wird, und Zuführung der Reaktionsflüssigkeit (20) von mindestens einem Seitenkanal (31) in den Hauptkanal (30), so dass das mindestens eine gehalterte Partikel (13) von der Reaktionsflüssigkeit (20) umspült wird, wobei die Halteeinrichtung (50) stromabwärts nach einer Mündung (32) des Seitenkanals (31) in den Hauptkanal (30) angeordnet ist und die Reaktionsflüssigkeit (20) mit einer Strömungsrichtung, die in die Längsrichtung des Hauptkanals (30) weist, durch die Halteeinrichtung (50) strömt. Es werden auch fluidische Mikrosysteme und Elektrodenanordnungen zur Umsetzung der Verfahren beschrieben. Methods for treating at least one particle (10-13) with at least one reaction liquid (20) in a main channel (30) of a fluidic microsystem (100) are described, comprising the steps: Moving the at least one particle (10-13) with a Carrier liquid (40), which flows in a longitudinal direction of the main channel (30), up to a holding device (50), at least temporarily holding the at least one particle (13) under the action of a holding force which is exerted by the holding device (50), and supplying the reaction liquid (20) from at least one side channel (31) into the main channel (30) so that the at least one held particle (13) is flushed by the reaction liquid (20), the holding device (50) downstream after an opening (32) of the side channel (31) is arranged in the main channel (30) and the reaction liquid (20) with a flow direction that knows in the ...

Compartmentalised combinatorial chemistry by microfluidic control

The invention describes a method for the synthesis of compounds comprising the steps of: (a) compartmentalising two or more sets of primary compounds into microcapsules; such that a proportion of the microcapsules contains two or more compounds; and (b) forming secondary compounds in the microcapsules by chemical reactions between primary compounds from different sets; wherein one or both of steps (a) and (b) is performed under microfluidic control; preferably electronic microfluidic control The invention further allows for the identification of compounds which bind to a target component of a biochemical system or modulate the activity of the target, and which is co-compartmentalised into the microcapsules.

Systems for handling microfludic droplets

The invention generally relates to assemblies for displacing droplets from a vessel that facilitate the collection and transfer of the droplets while minimizing sample loss. In certain aspects, the assembly includes at least one droplet formation module, in which the module is configured to form droplets surrounded by an immiscible fluid. The assembly also includes at least one chamber including an outlet, in which the chamber is configured to receive droplets and an immiscible fluid, and in which the outlet is configured to receive substantially only droplets. The assembly further includes a channel, configured such that the droplet formation module and the chamber are in fluid communication with each other via the channel. In other aspects, the assembly includes a plurality of hollow members, in which the hollow members are channels and in which the members are configured to interact with a vessel. The plurality of hollow members includes a first member configured to expel a fluid immiscible with droplets in the vessel and a second member configured to substantially only droplets from the vessel. The assembly also includes a main channel, in which the second member is in fluid communication with the main channel. The assembly also includes at least one analysis module connected to the main channel.

Methods for electronic stringency control for molecular biological analysis and diagnostics

A self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic device is designed and fabricated to actively carry out and control multi-step and multiplex molecular biological reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include nucleic acid hybridizations, antibody/antigen reactions, diagnostics, and biopolymer synthesis. The device can be fabricated using both microlithographic and micro-machining techniques. The device can electronically control the transport and attachment of specific binding entities to specific micro-locations. The specific binding entities include molecular biological molecules such as nucleic acids and polypeptides. The device can subsequently control the transport and reaction of analytes or reactants at the addressed specific micro-locations. The device is able to concentrate analytes and reactants, remove non-specifically bound molecules, provide stringency control for DNA hybridization reactions, and improve the detection of analytes. The device can be electronically replicated.

Microelectrode, microelectrode array and method for manufacturing the microelectrode

The present invention relates to a microelectrode, a microelectrode array, and a method of manufacturing the microelectrode of which temperature can be controlled. The microelectrode comprises a sealed cavity formed in a silicon substrate for thermal isolation, a microheater formed on the sealed cavity, and an electrode heated indirectly by the microheater. According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture with CMOS process the microelectrode and the microelectrode array which have excellent electric insulation and thermal isolation between a microheater and a silicon substrate, which has a small power consumption, which has high heating and cooling speed and which has no corrosion.

Plastic microfabricated structure for biochip, microfabricated thermal device, microfabricated reactor, microfabricated reactor array, and micro array using the same

Provided are a plastic microfabricated structure, and a microfabricated thermal device, a microfabricated reactor, a microfabricated reactor array and a micro array using the same, which may be applied to a bio chip, and the present invention may fabricate the plastic microfabricated structure for providing a heating region by means of insulating plastic, which has a thin thickness, flatness enough to allow a photolithography process to be performed, thermal isolation in its some or total area, and a small thermal mass, and on top of the heating region of the plastic microfabricated structure, a heater, a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature, an electrode, and an electrode pad are formed to thereby fabricate the microfabricated heating device, whereby element may be readily fabricated at a low cost, and the heating region is formed of a plastic thin layer, so that uniform temperature control is possible even with a low power, and various samples may be thermally treated at a fast speed to obtain their reaction and analysis.

Microelectrode, microelectrode array and method for manufacturing the microelectrode

The present invention relates to a microelectrode, a microelectrode array, and a method of manufacturing the microelectrode of which temperature can be controlled. The microelectrode comprises a sealed cavity formed in a silicon substrate for thermal isolation, a microheater formed on the sealed cavity, and an electrode heated indirectly by the microheater. According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture with CMOS process the microelectrode and the microelectrode array which have excellent electric insulation and thermal isolation between a microheater and a silicon substrate, which has a small power consumption, which has high heating and cooling speed and which has no corrosion.

Plastic microfabricated structure for biochip, microfabricated thermal device, microfabricated reactor, microfabricated reactor array, and micro array using the same

Provided are a plastic microfabricated structure, and a microfabricated thermal device, a microfabricated reactor, a microfabricated reactor array and a micro array using the same, which may be applied to a bio chip, and the present invention may fabricate the plastic microfabricated structure for providing a heating region by means of insulating plastic, which has a thin thickness, flatness enough to allow a photolithography process to be performed, thermal isolation in its some or total area, and a small thermal mass, and on top of the heating region of the plastic microfabricated structure, a heater, a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature, an electrode, and an electrode pad are formed to thereby fabricate the microfabricated heating device, whereby element may be readily fabricated at a low cost, and the heating region is formed of a plastic thin layer, so that uniform temperature control is possible even with a low power, and various samples may be thermally treated at a fast speed to obtain their reaction and analysis.

Real-time PCR system

A real-time PCR system (1) for detecting gene expression levels includes plural reaction regions (A1), a like plural number of heating portions (16) arranged corresponding to the reaction regions and having heat sources, respectively, an optical unit (12) capable of irradiating exciting light (L1,L2) of a specific wavelength to all of the plural reaction regions (A1), and a like plural number of fluorescence detecting portions (15) arranged corresponding to the reaction regions (A1), respectively. The heating portions (16) are each provided with a temperature detector for detecting a temperature in a vicinity of the corresponding heat source and converting the temperature into an electrical signal and also with a controller for controlling a thermal dose from the corresponding heat source based on a correlation between electrical signals and calorific values of the heat source stored beforehand.

Microelectrode, microelectrode array and a method for manufacturing the microelectrode

본 발명은 용액에서 온도 조절이 가능한 미소전극, 미소전극 어레이 및 미소전극의 제조 방법에 관한 것으로, 단열을 위해 실리콘 기판에 형성된 밀봉공동과, 밀봉공동 위에 형성된 미소가열기와, 미소가열기에 의해 간접적으로 가열되는 전극을 포함하여 이루어지며, 미소가열기와 실리콘 기판 간의 절연 및 단열 특성이 우수하고, 전력 소모가 적으며, 가열 및 냉각 속도가 빠르고, 부식이 일어나지 않는 미소전극 및 미소전극 어레이를 CMOS 공정으로 제조한다. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a microelectrode, a microelectrode array, and a microelectrode capable of temperature control in a solution, comprising a sealing cavity formed on a silicon substrate for thermal insulation, a microheater formed on the sealing cavity, and a microheater. It consists of an electrode that is indirectly heated, and has excellent insulation and insulation properties between the microheater and the silicon substrate, low power consumption, fast heating and cooling rate, and does not cause corrosion of the microelectrode and microelectrode array. Manufactured by CMOS process.

Plastic microfabricated structure for biochip, microfabricated thermal device, microfabricated reactor, microfabricated reactor array, and micro array using the same

본 발명은 바이오 칩에 적용이 가능한 플라스틱 미세 구조체, 그를 이용한 미소 가열기, 미소 반응기, 미소 반응기 어레이 및 마이크로 어레이에 관한 것이다. 포토 리소그래피 공정이 가능한 정도의 표면 편평도를 가지며 일부 혹은 전체에서 열적 고립이 가능하고 열적 질량이 적은 얇은 두께의 절연성 플라스틱으로 가열영역을 제공하기 위한 플라스틱 구조체를 제작한다. 플라스틱 구조체의 가열영역 위에 가열수단, 온도 감지를 위한 온도센서, 전극 및 전극패드를 형성하여 미소 가열기를 구성한다. 본 발명에 따르면 저비용으로 용이하게 소자를 제작할 수 있고, 가열영역이 플라스틱 박막으로 형성됨으로써 저전력으로도 균일한 온도 제어가 가능해지며, 여러가지 시료들을 빠르게 열처리하여 반응 및 분석할 수 있다.

Real-time PCR system

A real-time PCR system for detecting gene expression levels includes plural reaction regions, a like plural number of heating portions arranged corresponding to the reaction regions and having heat sources, respectively, an optical unit capable of irradiating exciting light of a specific wavelength to all of the plural reaction regions, and a like plural number of fluorescence detecting portions arranged corresponding to the reaction regions, respectively. The heating portions are each provided with a temperature detector for detecting a temperature in a vicinity of the corresponding heat source and converting the temperature into an electrical signal and also with a controller for controlling a thermal dose from the corresponding heat source based on a correlation between electrical signals and calorific values of the heat source stored beforehand.

MICROMECHANICAL DEVICES AND METHOD FOR THE STORAGE AND SELECTIVE EXPOSURE OF CHEMICALS

Modular microfluidic system and method for building a modular microfludic system

A “plug-n-play” modular microfluidic system is described herein which can be made by connecting multiple microfluidic components together to form a larger integrated system. For example, the modular microfluidic system includes a motherboard with interconnecting channels and integrated electrodes (or holes for electrodes to pass) which provide electronic connections to external data acquisition and system control devices. The modular microfluidic system can also include channel inserts (which are placed in the channels of the motherboard), heater units, actuator units, fitting components and microchips/modules with different functionalities which are placed on the motherboard.

Microchip, channel structure, fluid analyzing apparatus, particulate fractionating apparatus, and liquid feeding method

시스액 층류에 의한 샘플액 층류의 끼워넣기(挾入; sandwiching)를 유로의 상하 방향(깊이 방향)으로도 행할 수 있으며, 높은 분석 정밀도를 얻는 것이 가능한 마이크로칩의 제공. The present invention provides a microchip capable of performing sandwiching of a sample liquid flow by a sheath laminar flow in a vertical direction (depth direction) of a flow path and obtaining high analytical accuracy. 시스액을 통류(通流)가능한 유로(11)와, 이 유로(11)를 통류하는 시스액 층류중에, 샘플액을 도입하기 위한 미소관(微小管)(14)을 구비하는 마이크로칩(1)을 제공한다. 이 마이크로칩(1)에서는, 시스액 층류중에 미소관(14)에 의해서 샘플액을 도입하는 것에 의해, 샘플액 층류의 주위를 시스액 층류로 둘러싼 상태에서 송액(送液)할 수가 있다. A microchip 1 (microchip) 14 for introducing a sample liquid into a flow of sheath fluid that flows through the flow path 11 and a flow path 11 through which the sheath fluid can flow, ). In this microchip 1, the sample liquid is introduced by the micro tube 14 into the flow of the cis-liquid, so that the liquid around the sample liquid flow can be fed in the state of being surrounded by the cis-liquid flow. 마이크로칩, 기판층, 유로, 분기 유로, 곡절부, 좁힘부, 분기부, 전극. A microchip, a substrate layer, a flow path, a branch flow path, a curved portion, a narrowed portion, a branched portion, and an electrode.

Liquid distribution system

본 발명은 여러 가지 합성, 진단 및 약품 스크리닝 반응을 포함하는 다수의 내용물에 유용한 액체 분배 시스템을 제공한다. 상기 분배 시스템은 알파 저장소(200A)와 베타 저장소(200B), 제 1 세트의 병렬 및 인접한 제 2 보급기 채널(211A-211B)과 상기 제1 및 제 2 보급 채널(211A-211B)로부터 오프셋되는 제 2 세트의 병렬 및 인접한 제 3 및 제 4 보급기 채널(211C-211D)을 포함할 수 있는데, (a) 상기 제 1(211A) 및 제 3(211C) 보급기 채널은 상기 제 2(211B) 및 제 4 보급기 채널(211D)의 상부 또는 하부에 배치되고 상기 베타 저장소와 독립적인 제 1 접속기 채널(211A)을 통해 상기 알파 저장소(200A)에 접속되고, (b) 상기 제 2(211B) 및 제 4 보급기 채널(211D)은 제 1 및 제 3 보급기 채널(211A와 211C)의 상부와 하부에 배치되고 알파 저장소(200A)와 독립적인 제 2 접속기 채널(211B)을 통해 베타 저장소에 접속된다. 상기 분배 시스템은 바람직하게 마이크로 크기 분배 시스템이다. 액체 분배 시스템내의 흐름을 제어하기 위한 여러 가지 특별한 매커니즘이 기술된다. The present invention provides a liquid dispensing system useful for a number of contents including various synthetic, diagnostic, and drug screening reactions. The distribution system is offset from the alpha reservoir 200A and the beta reservoir 200B, the first set of parallel and adjacent second feeder channels 211A-211B and the first and second feed channels 211A-211B. Two sets of parallel and adjacent third and fourth feeder channels 211C-211D, wherein (a) the first 211A and third 211C feeder channels comprise the second 211B and the second 4 is connected to the alpha reservoir 200A via a first connector channel 211A disposed above or below the diffuser channel 211D and independent of the beta reservoir, (b) the second 211B and fourth The diffuser channel 211D is connected to the beta reservoir via a second connector channel 211B disposed above and below the first and third diffuser channels 211A and 211C and independent of the alpha reservoir 200A. The dispensing system is preferably a micro size dispensing system. Several special mechanisms for controlling the flow in a liquid distribution system are described.

Glucose electrode and method of determining glucose

An electrode assembly for polarographic assay of glucose in solution having a laminated membrane, the outer membrane being from 1 to 20 μm thick and having a pore size of 10 to 125 Å, the inner membrane having a thickness of 2 to 4 μm, and bonded to the outer membrane with immobilized glucose oxidase. Rapid assays are carried out by measuring the current difference before equilibrium is attained and at least 5 seconds after initial contact of sample with the outer membrane.

Method for continuous separation of a mixture of fine dielectric particles and apparatus for carrying out the method

High throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices

The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays. In particular, the devices and methods of the invention are useful in screening large numbers of different compounds for their effects on a variety of chemical, and preferably, biochemical systems.

Automated molecular biological diagnostic system

能在微观方式上进行分子诊断、分析、多步骤和多重反应的可自编址、自装配的微电子系统。可主动控制的反应包括核酸杂交、免疫检测、临床诊断和多步骤组合的生物聚合物合成。通过输入/输出装置与用户相连的控制器接口优选地包括一个图像显示器。控制器可与电源和接口相连，接口提供到各独立微位点的选择性连接，提供极性逆转和提供到各独立电极的选择性电压或电流水平。一个用于进行DNA样品制备、杂交、检测和数据分析的组合系统将多个步骤整合到一起。带电物质优选地通过自由电场电泳进行转运。DNA复杂性降低优选地通过将DNA结合到支持物上，由诸如限制性酶等切下未结合部分，再转移切下的片段来完成。有源可编程矩阵装置包括方形矩阵结构，该结构具有扇状分布的电连接和可选的在特异性微位点下的电连接，由此产生了高度自动化的DNA诊断系统。

Chemical reactor templates: sacrificial layer fabrication and template use

本发明涉及含有平行于模板主轴的沟状空隙的化学反应器模板。沟状空隙的横截面积可以是微米级的，也可以是纳米级的。化学反应器模板可用来生产微米级和纳米级细丝和颗粒。本发明的化学反应器模板至少具有两个基本上平行于所述模板主轴的相交沟状空隙。本发明还涉及利用牺牲层制备化学反应器模板的方法。本发明的化学反应器模板可制成具有多个沟状结构阵列，以及垂直元件，为沟状空隙与模板中形成的材料之间的接触提供通路。本发明涉及用化学反应器模板制备细丝和颗粒的方法。细丝或颗粒在沟状空隙中形成，然后挤出化学反应器模板。用化学反应器模板可以制备许多器件，在模板的基底上的第一和第二材料体系之间至少具有一个接触区。本发明另一方面提供了用本发明的化学反应器模板制备的细丝。相应地，本发明涉及具有纳米或微米级截面的定向细丝，它在具有纳米级截面的沟道中制备。

Microchip integrated multi-channel electroosmotic pumping system

A microchip integrated microfabricated, microfluidic, multichannel, preferably electroosmotic pump and pumping system is disclosed. The electroosmotic pump of the invention comprises a plurality of microchannels, which begin and end in common compartments, complexed into an array. The microchannels within the pump have substantially identical, optimal dimensions of cross-section and length such that sufficient pressure for optimal flow of fluid (e.g., liquid or gas) and pressure is generated by the pump and flow rates are stable and reproducible. To effectuate efficient flow of fluid without the hindrance of backpressure, an electroosmotic pump of the invention is coupled to a single channel of a larger cross-section. A similar structure is also used in an electroosmotic valve of the invention, where samples are introduced into an analytical device. The microfluidic electroosmotic pumping system of the invention generates sufficient flow and pressures by optimizing the dimensional parameters of cross-section and length to the microchannels.

Microchemical nanofactories

Embodiments of an apparatus, system, and method for chemical synthesis and/or analysis are disclosed. One embodiment of a disclosed apparatus comprises a laminated, microfluidic structure defining a reactor and a separator. Such apparatuses, or portions thereof, generally have dimensions ranging from about 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers. To implement synthetic processes, disclosed embodiments of the apparatus generally include at least one valve, and often plural, selectively actuatable valves. Detectors, including optical detectors, also can be used to detect product and other materials as they flow by, or are otherwise presented to, the detector. Individual apparatuses may be coupled both in series and in parallel to form a system for making chemical compounds. The apparatus is particularly useful for making compounds requiring iterative reaction schemes, and further can be used to make compounds having morphological structures that resemble the morphology of the apparatus itself, such as dendrimers.

Molecular biological diagnostic systems including electrodes

A system for performing molecular biological diagnosis, analysis and multi-step and multiplex reactions utilizes a self-addressable, self-assembling microelectronic system for actively carrying out controlled reactions in microscopic formats. These reactions include most molecular biological procedures, such as nucleic acid hybridization, antibody/antigen reaction, and clinical diagnostics. Multi-step combinatorial biopolymer synthesis may be performed. A controller interfaces with a user via input/output devices, preferably including a graphical display. Independent electronic control is achieved for the individual microlocations. In the preferred embodiment, the controller interfaces with a power supply and interface, the interface providing selective connection to the microlocations, polarity reversal, and optionally selective potential or current levels to individual electrodes. A system for performing sample preparation, hybridization and detection and data analysis integrates multiple steps within a combined system. Charged materials are transported preferably via free field electrophoresis. DNA complexity reduction is achieved preferably by binding of DNA to a support, followed by cleaving unbound materials, such as by restriction enzymes, followed by transport of the cleaved DNA fragments. Active, programmable matrix devices are formed in a variety of formats, including a square matrix pattern with fanned out electrical connections, an array having electrical connections and optionally optical connections from beneath the specific microlocations. A highly automated DNA diagnostic system results.

Compartmentalised combinatorial chemistry by microfluidic control

The invention describes a method for the synthesis of compounds comprising the steps of: (a) compartmentalising two or more sets of primary compounds into microcapsules; such that a proportion of the microcapsules contains two or more compounds; and (b) forming secondary compounds in the microcapsules by chemical reactions between primary compounds from different sets; wherein one or both of steps (a) and (b) is performed under microfluidic control; preferably electronic microfluidic control, The invention further allows for the identification of compounds which bind to a target component of a biochemical system or modulate the activity of the target, and which is co-compartmentalised into the microcapsules.

Microfluidic systems

Combining chemical reagents

Process for manipulating microscopic, dielectric particles and a device therefor

Disclosed is a process for manipulating microscopic dielectric particles in which particles are exposed to an electric field. In disadvantaged processes the particles are exposed to inhomogeneous electric field and are polarized by them. The polarized particles are moved in the direction of higher field strength. These processes permit no reversal of the traveling direction of the particles. The particles are enriched at the electrode so that they cannot be retained in free space. In the invented process the particles are exposed to high-frequency field traveling in one or more prescribed direction, by which the particles are subject to a force which sets them in a motion that is strongly synchronous to the field. With the aid of a device for carrying out the invented process, the particles can be manipulated very flexibly. By means of linearly or circularly disposed electrodes, the particles can be moved on linear paths in any direction including through branched microstructures, they can be separated according to their dielectric properties and retained without contact. Applications are in the fields of biotechnology and molecular separation, focussing and microtransport technology.

Process for the separation of mixtures of microscopic dielectric particles suspended in a liquid or a gel and device for carrying out the process

Methods and apparatus for in situ concentration and/or dilution of materials in microfluidic systems

The present invention is generally directed to methods, apparatus and systems for use in performing in situ dilution or concentration of a particular subject material in a microfluidic device or system. These methods and apparatus may generally be integrated with other microfluidic operations and/or systems, to perfom a number of different manipulations, wherein dilution or concentration, carried out within the context of the microfluidic device or system, is just one part.

Fluid circuit components based upon passive fluid dynamics

Methods of controlling fluid flow through microchannels by use of passive valves or stopping means in the microchannels is presented. The passive valves act as pressure barriers impeding flow of solution past the stopping means until enough force is built up to overcome the force of the pressure barrier. Well planned use of such stopping means acting as passive valves allows the flow of fluids through microchannels to be regulated so as to allow fluids to be mixed or diluted after being introduced via a single channel, or to be split into multiple channels without the need for individual pipetting. Flow through the multiple channels can be regulated to allow a series of sister wells or chambers to all fill prior to the fluid flowing beyond any one of the sister wells or chambers. The filling of sister wells or chambers in this manner allows all wells or chambers to undergo reactions in unison. The use of air ducts to prevent trapping of air in the microchannels is also presented.

Microfluidic devices for the controlled manipulation of small volumes

A method for conducting a broad range of biochemical analyses or manipulations on a series of nano- to subnanoliter reaction volumes and an apparatus for carrying out the same are disclosed. The method and apparatus are implemented on a fluidic microchip to provide high serial throughput. The method and device of the invention also lend themselves to multiple parallel analyses and manipulation to provide greater throughput for the generation of biochemical information. In particular, the disclosed device is a microfabricated channel device that can manipulate nanoliter or subnanoliter biochemical reaction volumes in a controlled manner to produce results at rates of 1 to 10 Hz per channel. The individual reaction volumes are manipulated in serial fashion analogous to a digital shift register. The method and apparatus according to this invention have application to such problems as screening molecular or cellular targets using single beads from split-synthesis combinatorial libraries, screening single cells for RNA or protein expression, genetic diagnostic screening at the single cell level, or performing single cell signal transduction studies.

Process and apparatus for producing microcapsules

Apparatus and method for producing microcapsules

A device for manipulation of packets in micro-containers, in particular in microchannels

本发明涉及用于对至少一个小包无污染地进行物理、化学或生物处理的微流控装置(1)和用于在微容器特别是微通道中操纵小包的装置，并提供一种使小包变形或将至少两个小包相向移动的微流控装置，其包括：微通道及小包操纵装置。小包操纵装置包括发生单元和电极组件与侧通道中的至少一个。电极组件连接于发生单元并在至少一部分微通道内产生与微通道的轴线共线的电场；发生单元产生电场，电场的振幅和频率引起小包变形或至少两个小包在微通道中相向移动；侧通道的第一端与微通道的一部分连接，第二端与输送系统连接，输送系统输送能改变至少两个小包之间或至少一个小包和其环境之间的界面张力的溶液、并可将溶液输送到部分的微通道中。

Fluid injection

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for the control of fluids and, in some cases, to systems and methods for flowing a fluid into and/or out of other fluids. As examples, fluid may be injected into a droplet contained within a fluidic channel, or a fluid may be injected into a fluidic channel to create a droplet. In some embodiments, electrodes may be used to apply an electric field to one or more fluidic channels, e.g., proximate an intersection of at least two fluidic channels. For instance, a first fluid may be urged into and/or out of a second fluid, facilitated by the electric field. The electric field, in some cases, may disrupt an interface between a first fluid and at least one other fluid. Properties such as the volume, flow rate, etc. of a first fluid being urged into and/or out of a second fluid can be controlled by controlling various properties of the fluid and/or a fluidic droplet, for example curvature of the fluidic droplet, and/or controlling the applied electric field.

Compartmentalised combinatorial chemistry by microfluidic control

The invention describes a method for the synthesis of compounds comprising the steps of: (a) compartmentalizing two or more sets of primary compounds into microcapsules; such that a proportion of the microcapsules contains two or more compounds; and (b) forming secondary compounds in the microcapsules by chemical reactions between primary compounds from different sets; wherein one or both of steps (a) and (b) is performed under microfluidic control; preferably electronic microfluidic control The invention further allows for the identification of compounds which bind to a target component of a biochemical system or modulate the activity of the target, and which is co-compartmentalized into the microcapsules.

Process and apparatus for purifying hydrogen-containing silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von mit mindestens einer wasserstoffhaltigen Verbindung verunreinigtem Siliciumtetrachlorid oder Germaniumtetrachlorid, indem man das zu reinigende Siliciumtetrachlorid oder Germaniumtetrachlorid gezielt mittels kaltem Plasma behandelt und aus der so behandelten Phase Siliciumtetrachlorid oder Germaniumtetrachlorid gewinnt. DOLLAR A Ferner betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, wobei eine Bevorratungs- und Verdampfungseinheit für Siliciumtetrachlorid oder Germaniumtetrachlorid (4.1 bzw. 5.1), die über eine Verbindungsleitung mit dem Einlass des Reaktors (4.3 bzw. 5.3) mit Steuereinheit (4.4 bzw. 5.4) zur Durchführung der dielektrischen behinderten Entladungen verbunden ist, dessen Auslass über eine Rohrleitung direkt oder indirekt über mindestens einen weiteren Reaktor (5.5) zu einer Kondensationseinheit (4.5 bzw. 5.11) mit nachgeschaltetem Auffangbehälter (4.6 bzw. 5.12) führt, wobei dieser über eine Entnahmeleitung (4.6.2 bzw. 5.12.1) mit einer Destillationseinheit (4.8 bzw. 5.13) verbunden sowie gegebenenfalls mit einer Zuführung (4.6.1) zur Einheit (4.1) ausgestattet ist. The invention relates to a process for purifying silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride contaminated with at least one hydrogen-containing compound by selectively treating the silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride to be purified by means of cold plasma and extracting silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride from the phase treated in this way. DOLLAR A Further, the present invention relates to an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention, wherein a storage and evaporation unit for silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride (4.1 or 5.1), via a connecting line to the inlet of the reactor (4.3 or 5.3) with control unit ( 4.4 or 5.4) for carrying out the dielectrically impeded discharges, the outlet of which via a pipeline leads ...

Process for producing emulsion and microcapsules and apparatus therefor

The present invention provides a process and apparatus for rapidly producing an emulsion and microcapsules in a simple manner. A dispersion phase (6) is ejected from a dispersion phase-feeding port (4) toward a continuous phase (5) flowing in a microchannel (2) in such a manner that flows of the dispersion phase (6) and the continuous phase (5) cross each other, thereby obtaining microdroplets (7), formed by the shear force of the continuous phase (5), having a size smaller than the width of the channel for feeding the dispersion phase (6).

Microfabricated isothermal nucleic acid amplification devices and methods

Disclosed are methods and compositions for isothermal amplification of nucleic acids in a microfabricated substrate. Methods and compositions for the analysis of isothermally amplified nucleic acids in a microfabricated substrate are disclosed as well. The microfabricated substrates and isothermal amplification and detection methods provided are envisioned for use in various diagnostic methods, particularly those connected with diseases characterized by altered gene sequences or gene expression.

Controlled fluid transport in microfabricated polymeric substrates

Microfluidic devices are provided for the performance of chemical and biochemical analyses, syntheses and detection. The devices of the invention combine precise fluidic control systems with microfabricated polymeric substrates to provide accurate, low cost miniaturized analytical devices that have broad applications in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, molecular biology and numerous other fields.

Fluid delivery system for a microfluidic device using a pressure pulse

A microfluidic fluid delivery system includes a microfluidic device having a fluid input. A fluid reservoir is fluidically coupled to the fluid input. A gas delivery system has a pulse generator that generates an electric pulse. An electrically operated valve is coupled to the pulse generator and the gas pressure source. The valve controls the gas pressure pulse in response to said electric pulse. The gas pressure pulse displaces fluid from the fluid reservoir into the plurality of capillaries.

Polymer-based micromachining for microfluidic devices

The present invention relates to polymer-based micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technology suitable for the fabrication of integrated microfluidic systems, particularly medical and chemical diagnostics system, ink-jet printer head, as well as any devices that requires liquid- or gas-filled cavities for operation. The integrated microfluidic systems may consist of pumps, valves, channels, reservoirs cavities, reaction chambers, mixers, heaters, fluidic interconnects, diffusers, nozzles, and other microfluidic components on top of a regular circuit substrate. This technology is vastly superior than any alternatives available such as glass-based, polysilicon-based MEMS technology as well as hybrid `circuit board` technology because of its simple construction low cost, low temperature processing, and its ability to integrate any electronic circuitry easily along with the fluidic parts.

Systems and methods for handling microfluidic droplets

The invention generally relates to assemblies for displacing droplets from a vessel that facilitate the collection and transfer of the droplets while minimizing sample loss. In certain aspects, the assembly includes at least one droplet formation module, in which the module is configured to form droplets surrounded by an immiscible fluid. The assembly also includes at least one chamber including an outlet, in which the chamber is configured to receive droplets and an immiscible fluid, and in which the outlet is configured to receive substantially only droplets. The assembly further includes a channel, configured such that the droplet formation module and the chamber are in fluid communication with each other via the channel. In other aspects, the assembly includes a plurality of hollow members, in which the hollow members are channels and in which the members are configured to interact with a vessel.

High throughput screening assay systems in microscale fluidic devices

The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays. In particular, the devices and methods of the invention are useful in screening large numbers of different compounds for their effects on a variety of chemical, and preferably, biochemical systems.

Plasma reactor for cleaning silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride, comprises reactor housing, micro unit for plasma treatment, metallic heat exchanger, dielectric, perforated plate, lattice or network and high voltage electrode

The plasma reactor for cleaning silicon tetrachloride or germanium tetrachloride contaminated with hydrogen containing compounds, comprises reactor housing, high voltage supply, micro unit for plasma treatment, grounded metallic heat exchanger (4.2), dielectric (4.4), perforated plate, grid or network (4.1) and a high voltage electrode (4.3). The longitudinal axis of the dielectric, the metallic heat exchangers and the high voltage electrode are oriented parallel to one another and oriented parallel to the vector direction of the gravity force. Independent claims are included for: (1) System for production of highly pure silicon tetrachloride or highly pure germanium tetrachloride; and (2) procedure for production of highly pure silicon tetrachloride or highly pure germanium tetrachloride.