КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ

Изобретение относится к предшественникам катализаторов Фишера-Тропша, содержащим носитель и кобальт на данном носителе, к катализаторам Фишера-Тропша, способу получения предшественников катализаторов и к применению карбоновой кислоты в указанном способе. Предшественник катализатора содержит (i) носитель катализатора, содержащий оксид кремния и 11-18% масс. TiO; и (ii) кобальт на данном носителе катализатора. Другой предшественник содержит (i) носитель катализатора, включающий оксид кремния и TiO; и (ii) 35-60% масс. Co, представленного как CoOна данном носителе катализатора, где среднечисловой диаметр частиц CoOсоставляет меньше чем 12 нм, определенный с помощью XRD, и С-величина логарифмически нормального распределения размера частиц CoOсоставляет от 0,19 до 0,31; или (b) D-величина логарифмически нормального распределения размера частиц составляет от 19 до 23,5. Способ получения предшественника катализатора включает следующие стадии: осаждают раствор или суспензию, содержащую, по меньшей ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА

Изобретение относится к пористому катализатору для получения водорода путем парового реформинга. Предлагаемый пористый катализатор содержит алюминий и магний, а также дополнительно содержит бор и никель. Бор присутствует в количестве 0,1-20 мас.% в расчете на общую массу катализатора. Данный пористый катализатор содержит поры, имеющие средний размер пор в интервале 0,1-50 нм. Предлагаемый катализатор обладает высокой каталитической активностью и стабильностью. Изобретение относится также к способу получения указанного катализатора и способу получения водорода по реакции парового реформинга в присутствии этого катализатора. 3 н. и 16 з.п. ф-лы, 8 табл., 4 ил., 13 пр.

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ФИЛЬТР САЖИ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ВЫХЛОПНОГО ГАЗА ДВИГАТЕЛЯ КОМПРЕССИОННОГО ВОСПЛАМЕНЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к выхлопной системе для двигателя компрессионного воспламенения, содержащей каталитический фильтр сажи. Указанный каталитический фильтр сажи содержит катализатор окисления для обработки монооксида углерода (CO) и углеводородов (HC) в выхлопном газе из двигателя компрессионного воспламенения, при этом указанный катализатор окисления размещен на фильтрующей подложке, которая представляет собой фильтр с проточными стенками. При этом указанный катализатор окисления содержит: первую зону, содержащую компонент на основе металла платиновой группы (PGM), выбираемый из группы, состоящей из платинового (Pt) компонента, палладиевого (Pd) компонента и их сочетания; компонент на основе щелочноземельного металла, содержащий магний (Mg), кальций (Ca), стронций (Sr), барий (Ba) или сочетание двух или более из них; и материал-носитель, содержащий оксид алюминия, легированный диоксидом кремния, при этом указанный оксид алюминия легирован диоксидом кремния в количестве от 0,5 до 15% ...

УЛУЧШЕННАЯ ЛОВУШКА NOХ

Изобретение относится к ловушке NОх для выхлопных систем двигателей внутреннего сгорания и к способу очистки выхлопного газа из двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Катализатор-ловушка NОх содержит подложку, первый слой и второй слой. Первый слой содержит композицию ловушки NОх, содержащую один или несколько благородных металлов, компонент для сохранения NОх, первый носитель и первый церийсодержащий материал, где первый церийсодержащий материал предварительно выдерживают перед внедрением в первый слой. Второй слой содержит родий, второй церийсодержащий материал и второй носитель, где второй церийсодержащий материал не выдерживают перед внедрением во второй слой. Изобретение также включает в себя выхлопные системы, содержащие данный катализатор-ловушку NОх и способ очистки выхлопного газа, использующий данный катализатор-ловушку NОх. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение качества системы очистки выхлопных газов. 5 н. и 21 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТВЕРДЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ НА ОСНОВЕ ФЕРРИТА ЦИНКА В СПОСОБЕ ГЛУБОКОГО ОБЕССЕРИВАНИЯ КИСЛОРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО СЫРЬЯ

Изобретение относится к области катализа. Описан способ обессеривания сырья, содержащего кислородсодержащие соединения, углеводородсодержащие соединения и серосодержащие органические соединения, улавливанием серы на улавливающей массе, содержащей оксиды железа или оксиды цинка и более 20 мас.% феррита цинка, причем вышеупомянутый способ осуществляют в присутствии водорода при температуре, находящейся в интервале от 200°С до 400°С. Технический результат - увеличение эффективности процесса. 9 з.п. ф-лы, 2 пр.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР КОНВЕРСИИ ВОДЯНОГО ГАЗА, ФУНКЦИОНИРУЮЩИЙ ПРИ СРЕДНЕЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕ, И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

... 1. Соединение гидроталькитного типа формулы (I):[CuZnAl(OH)](A), k HO (I)где (А) означает либо карбонатный анион, либо силикатный анион,x>0, y>0, w>0, (x+y)=(1-w), 1<[(x+y)/w]<5 и1/99≤x/y≤1/1.2. Соединение гидроталькитного типа формулы (I) по п. 1, в котором атомное отношение x/y≤1/2.3. Соединение гидроталькитного типа формулы (I) по п. 2, в котором атомное отношение x/у≤1/5.4. Соединение гидроталькитного типа формулы (I) по одному из пп. 1-3, в котором атомное отношение х/у≥1/10.5. Соединение гидроталькитного типа формулы (I) по одному из пп. 1-3, в котором атомное отношение [(x+y)/w] больше или равно двум.6. Соединение гидроталькитного типа формулы (I) по одному из пп. 1-3, в котором атомное отношение [(x+y)/w] меньше или равно трем.7. Соединение гидроталькитного типа, соответствующее одной из следующих формул:[CuZnAl(OH)](CO )k HO,[CuZnAl(OH)](CO )k HO,[CuZnAl(OH)](CO )k HO,[CuZnAl(OH)](CO )k HO.8. Способ синтеза соединения гидроталькитного типа формулы (I) по одному из пп. 1-7, включающий ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР И СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА АРОМАТИЧЕСКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ПУТЕМ ПРЯМОЙ КОНВЕРСИИ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

Настоящее изобретение относится к технологии синтеза ароматических углеводородов из синтез-газа, в частности, относится к катализатору и способу синтеза ароматических углеводородов путем прямой конверсии синтез-газа. В способе синтез-газ используется как сырье, и способ осуществляется в реакторе с неподвижным слоем или с движущимся слоем. Давление синтез-газа составляет 0,1-6 МПа, температура реакции составляет 300-600°C, и объемная скорость составляет 500-8000 ч. В качестве катализатора используют катализатор, который является составным катализатором, состоящим из компонентов A и B и образованным компаундированием каталитического компонента A и каталитического компонента B в режиме механического смешения. Активной составляющей каталитического компонента A являются активные оксиды металла, а каталитический компонент B представляет собой одно или оба из цеолита ZSM-5 и модифицированного металлом, выбранного из Zn, Ga, Sn, Mn, Ag, Zr цеолита ZSM-5. Активный оксид металла представляет собой ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ВЫХЛОПНОГО ГАЗА ДВИГАТЕЛЯ С ВОСПЛАМЕНЕНИЕМ ОТ СЖАТИЯ

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ТРОЙНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

ПРОМОТИРОВАННЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША, СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША

... 1. Нанесенный на носитель катализатор синтеза Фишера-Тропша, который включает каталитический материал, промотор и материал носителя; причем каталитический материал содержит кобальт в количестве, по меньшей мере, 4% от массы катализатора и, по меньшей мере, часть кобальта обладает каталитической активностью в синтезе Фишера-Тропша; промотор содержит никель, причем количество присутствующего никеля меньше, чем количество кобальта; и материал носителя содержит оксид металла, выбранного или из алюминия, или титана, или циркония. 2. Катализатор по п.1, в котором материал носителя состоит из оксида металла, выбранного или из алюминия, или титана, или циркония. 3. Катализатор по п.1 или 2, в котором материал носителя, по существу, состоит из оксида металла, выбранного или из алюминия, или титана, или циркония. 4. Катализатор по п.1, в котором материал носителя представляет собой альфа- или гамма-оксид алюминия, предпочтительно альфа-оксид алюминия. 5. Катализатор по п.1, в котором материал носителя ...

Катализатор для конверсии окиси углерода

Katalysatorträger und Katalysator zur Behandlung von Motorabgasen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES SPINELLVERBINDUNGEN AUFWEISENDEN TRAEGERKATALYSATORS UND DESSEN VERWENDUNG

VERFAHREN ZUR ENTFERNUNG VON ORGANISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN AUS GASEN

Improvements in or relating to processes for producing alumina containing materials

Mixed phenolates and/or cresylates are prepared by reacting an alloy of aluminium and another metal such as zinc, chromium or manganese at 350-400 DEG F. with anhydrous phenol (best at 356 DEG F.) and/or anhydrous cresol (best at 374 DEG F.) preferably in the presence of iodine, aluminium halide, or mercury salts (preferably mercuric chloride). Crude or impure phenol or cresols or solutions in hydrocarbons may be treated in this way, the phenolate &c. separated, e.g. by chilling to below 40 DEG F., and filtering &c., washed and hydrolysed to recover a purified mixture of the phenols. Further, by dissolving the phenolate and cresylate in a hot solvent such as toluene and fractional precipitation, phenolate and individual cresylates may be separated and the corresponding phenols recovered by hydrolysis.ALSO:Mixtures of alumina gel and other metal oxide gels are prepared by reacting an alloy of aluminium and another metal such as zinc, chromium or manganese at 350-400 DEG F. with anhydrous ...

High temperature combustion catalyst

A CATALYST FOR THE CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBONS AND A METHOD FOR EFFECTING SAME

... 1283780 Nickel-containing catalyst B P KORNILOV 4 Oct 1969 48845/69 Heading B1E Catalyst composition comprises either (i) nickel titanate plus nickel magnesium spinel plus barium titanate, or (ii) nickel titanate plus nickel zirconate plus barium titanate, or (iii) nickel titanate plus nickel aluminate. Preferred compositions are (a) 1-3% wt nickel titanate, 15-25% wt nickel magnesium spinel, 2-10% wt barium titanate, the remainder being magesium oxide, (b) 1-3% wt nickel titanate, 25-35% wt nickel zirconate, 2-12% wt barium titanate, the remainder being zirconium dioxide, and (c) 1-3% wt nickel titanate, 27-50% wt nickel aluminate, the remainder being alumina. The composition is formed by adding to a ball mill powdered metallic nickel, titanium dioxide, either magnesium oxide or zirconium oxide or alumina, barium carbonate, (employed only when using MgO or ZrO 2 ) and a thermally decomposable binder such as dextrine, starch, graphite, water, paraffin wax or polyvinyl alcohol, then simultaneously ...

Preparation of Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts

A method of producing a catalyst for use in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The method comprises the steps of: impregnating a catalyst support material with an active cobalt catalyst component to form a catalyst precursor; calcining the catalyst precursor; and passing dry air through a bed of the catalyst precursor during the calcining step. The catalyst precursor can be particulate, and the impregnation step can include impregnation with a catalyst promoter component such as rhenium.

Oxidation catalyst

A method of making a catalytic monolith comprises the steps of (i.) providing a calcined support material component, (ii.) providing a platinum group metal component, (iii.) preparing a washcoat comprising the calcined support material and platinum group metal component, and (iv.) applying the washcoat to a wall flow monolithic substrate. The support material comprises a mixed magnesium aluminium metal oxide having a magnesium content of 15wt% Mg or lower. Ideally the support material is calcined at 800ºC or higher and has a specific surface area of 250m2/g or lower. A catalysed soot filter (CSF) 36 comprising an oxidation catalyst disposed on a wall flow filter monolithic substrate is also claimed, the CSF having a support material and platinum group metal component of the method. The porosity of the substrate is preferably 40% or greater with the pores having a mean diameter in the range of 10-25µm. The platinum group metal component may comprise a mixture of platinum and palladium with ...

Catalyst compositions, their method of formulation and combustion processes using the catalyst compositions

The catalytic compositions comprise a catalytically active material which is homogeneously interspersed throughout a monolithic structure of ceramic composition. The composition is shaped into a unitary monolith which is employed as the catalyst structure. In the method the active material or materials are admixed with a ceramic material, which can be either active or inactive, in finely divided form and then shaped into the monolithic structure. The catalytic compositions are used with reactants in a combustion process.

Improvements in or relating to the production of conjugated diolefines

Conjugated diolefines are prepared by reacting a mono-olefin containing not less than 4 carbon atoms in the vapour phase with molecular oxygen over an oxide composition containing antimony and iron as oxidation catalyst. The oxide composition may be a mixture of the metal oxides or a compound containing both metals, i.e. iron antimonate. The compositions are prepared (1) by mixing the metal oxides or compounds, e.g. hydroxides, nitrates and basic nitrate which on heating give the oxides, (2) by mixing antimony and iron salts, neutralizing the mixture with ammonia and recovering the precipitate. Catalyst activity is increased by preheating the oxide composition to 500 DEG to 1100 DEG C. and the oxide composition may be on a support, e.g. silica. Mono-olefine used are butene-1, butene-2, 3-methylbutene-1 and 2-methylbutene-2 and these may be present in amounts of 1% to 25% by volume of the feed gas which may also contain 1 to 21% by volume of oxygen and a diluent, e.g. nitrogen or steam.

Transition metal doped alumina for improved TWC performance

A three-way-catalyst (TWC) composition comprises alumina doped with a transition metal. The transition metal may comprise titanium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, nickel or combinations thereof and may be present in an amount 2-8 w% relative to the total weight of the doped alumina. The TWC may include a platinum group metal component. The platinum group metal component may be platinum, palladium or rhodium. The alumina may be lanthanum stabilized alumina. The TWC may further comprise an oxygen storage component (OSC). The OSC may comprise cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, a ceria-zirconia mixed oxide, an alumina-ceria-zirconia mixed oxide or combinations thereof. A catalyst article comprising: a substrate; and a three-way-catalyst (TWC) comprising alumina doped with a transition metal is also disclosed. The catalyst article may comprise a first layer comprising alumina doped with a transition metal and a second layer arranged such that the exhaust gas will contact the second layer before ...

Exhaust system

Fischer-tropsch synthesis

Activated fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst and method for producing hydrocarbons

Activated fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst and method for producing hydrocarbons

Activated fischer-tropsch synthesis reaction catalyst and method for producing hydrocarbons

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ALCOHOLIC ESTERS FROM TRIGLYCERIDES AND ALCOHOLS BY HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS IN CONNECTION WITH AT LEAST ONE CELEBRATIONS SOLUTION OF ZNAL2O3+X AND ZNO

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CYCLO-ALIPHATIC AMINES.

CATALYST, USABLE FOR THE SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CYCLO-ALIPHATIC AND/OR AROMATIC AMINES.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CYCLOHEXYL AMINES BY HYDROGENATION OF AROMATIC AMINES.

Descaling means

Procedure for the catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide with water vapour

Procedure for the selective hydrogenation of pyrolysis gasoline

NOVEL HIGH SURFACE AREA OXIDE COMPOSITIONS WITH A PYROCHLORE STRUCTURE, METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION, AND CONVERSION PROCESSES UTILIZING SAME

ALKALINE EARTH METAL ALUMINIUM SPINEL

FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS FOR OLEFINES USING COBALT PROMOTED CATALYSTS

Method and catalysts for the production of ammonia synthesis gas

In a process for the production of ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, comprising steam reforming of the feedstock and treatment of the synthesis gas obtained, the shift of the synthesis gas comprises two shift steps, both including stable catalysts, whereby the formation of hazardous by-products is avoided or at least reduced to an acceptable low level. The two shift steps can both be HTS, or they can be one HTS and one LTS or one HTS and one MTS. The catalyst used in the HTS and the LTS steps is based on zinc oxide and zinc aluminum spinel, and the catalyst used in the MTS and the LTS steps can be based on copper.

Method of preparation of non-pyrophoric copper-alumina catalysts

Gasoline sulfur reduction using hydrotalcite like compounds

CARBON BASED GAS DIFFUSION ELECTRODE

ROTARY ENGINES.

Catalyst with zirconia/ceria support

CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR MAKING SAME

CATALYST COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR MAKING THE COMPOSITION

A catalyst composition is provided which can be used for hydrogenating a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon such as an alkyne or a diolefin. The catalyst composition contains palladium, a catalyst component of either silver or an alkali metal compound, or both silver and an alkali metal compound, and a metal aluminate catalyst support. Such metal aluminate catalyst support is prepared by a process of incorporating alumina with a metal component, preferably impregnating alumina with a melted metal component, to thereby provide a metal-incorporated alumina followed by drying and high temperature calcining to thereby provide a metal aluminate catalyst support. The catalyst composition disclosed can be used for hydrogenating a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to a less unsaturated hydrocarbon. The process involves contacting a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon with a catalyst composition in the presence of hydrogen under a hydrogenation condition sufficient to effect a hydrogenation of the highly unsaturated ...

PROCESS FOR ACTIVATED CARBON

ALKALINE EARTH METAL SPINELS AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING AND USING SAME

ALKALINE EARTH METAL SPINELS AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING AND USING SAME A process for the production of an alkaline earth metal, aluminum-containing spinel composition comprises: (a) combining (1) an acidic, aluminum-containing composition in which the aluminum is present in a positively charged species, and (2) a basic, alkaline earth metal-containing composition to form a mixture; and (b) calcining the mixture to form the alkaline earth metal, aluminum-containing spinel composition. Alkaline earth metal, aluminum-containing spinels having both high surface areas and high attrition resistance, and processes for using spinel compositions, e.g., as sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide removal agent, are also disclosed.

HIGH SURFACE AREA NICKEL ALUMINATE SPINEL CATALYST AND STEAM REFORMING PROCESS UTILIZING THE SAME

A high surface area nickel aluminate spinel formed on alumina, prepared by a specified method and useful as catalyst support and as catalyst for hydrocarbon treating and conversion processes is provided. A steam reforming process utilizing the nickel aluminate spinel on alumina as catalyst is also provided.

CATALYST SUPPORT AND CATALYST FOR THE PROCESSING OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE EXHAUST GASES, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAID CATALYST

L'invention concerne un catalyseur pour le traitement des gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion interne, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication de ce catalyseur qui est du type monolithique et comprend un support ou substrat revêtu d'une couche poreuse sur laquelle est imprégnée une phase catalytiquement active. Selon l'invention, la couche poreuse comprend de l'alumine, un oxyde de terres rares tel que l'oxyde de cérium, et un composé de type spinelle présentant une surface spécifique comprise entre 50 m2/g et 300 m2/g. Le catalyseur selon l'invention est tout particulièrement avantageux dans la mesure où il présente une bonne stabilité thermique et tolère la présence de soufre ou de composés soufrés dans les gaz d'échappement.

REFORMING CATALYST

A reforming catalyst comprising precious metal particles dispersed on a support material, wherein the support material comprises ceria, and characterised in that the support material further comprises magnesium aluminate is disclosed. Catalysed components and fuel processing systems comprising the catalyst, and reforming processes using the catalyst are also disclosed.

PREPARATION OF AROMATIC AMINES

PROCESS TO SYNTHESIZE A CATALYST PERFORMING WATER-GAS SHIFT REACTION AT A HIGH TEMPERATURE

Process to synthesize a catalyst performing Water-Gas shift reaction at a temperature more than 300°C using a precursor having general formula: [(Cu, Zn)1-x (Al, M)× (OH)2] x+ (A n- x/n) .cndot. kH2O With: - M = Al, La, Ga or In, - A = CO3 - 0,33 < x < 0,5 - 1 < n < 3.

METHOD OF REMOVING METAL CARBONYLS FROM GASEOUS STREAMS AND METAL CARBONYL SORBENT

Method of removing metal carbonyls from a gaseous stream comprising contacting the metal carbonyl containing gaseous stream at elevated temperature with a particulate sorbent comprising modified copper aluminum spinel, wherein the copper aluminium spinel has been modified by a thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere and a particulate sorbent for use in a method comprising a copper aluminium spinel being modified by thermal treatment in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature of between 250 and 500 °C.

CATALYSTS

The invention relates to improvements in the design of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts comprising a support and cobalt on the support.

ACTIVATED FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS REACTION CATALYST AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS

This catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction comprises: a carrier containing silica and 0.5-14% by mass of zirconium oxide with respect to the mass of the carrier; and 10-40% by mass of cobalt metal and cobalt oxides in terms of tricobalt tetraoxide with respect to the mass of the catalyst, the cobalt metal and cobalt oxides being supported by the carrier. The degree of reduction of the cobalt atoms is 75-93%, and the hydrogen gas adsorption amount per unit mass of the catalyst at 100°C is 0.40-1.0 ml/g.

REFRACTORY MIXED-METAL OXIDES AND SPINEL COMPOSITIONS FOR THERMO-CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS

A process for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. More specifically, the process is in presence of is a mixed metal oxide catalyst represented by the formula (X1O) (X2O)a (X3YbO4) wherein X1, X2 and X3 are alkaline earth elements selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and mixture thereof, and Y is a metal selected from the group of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P and mixture thereof, wherein the catalyst is formed by calcining at least one compound comprising at least one alkaline earth element and a metal element.

SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION CATALYST AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING SAME

A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

LA/ND-SPINEL COMPOSITIONS FOR METALS PASSIVATION IN FCC PROCESSES

Catalytic cracking catalysts and additives which comprise a metals passivati on component containing: 15-60 parts by weight MgO, 30-60 parts by weight Al2O3, and 10-30 parts by weight rare earth compound selected from the group consisting of La oxide, Nd oxide, and mixtures thereof, wherein at least a portion of the MgO and Al2O3 are in the form of an Mg-Al oxide spinel, are especially useful for catalytic cracking processes involving hydrocarbon feedstocks containing hig h metals (e.g. vanadium) content. The La/Nd compound may be one which forms La and/or Nd oxide during the FCC process cracking or regeneration step.

PALLADIUMHALTIGER TRAEGERKATALYSATOR.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Vinylacetat

Verfahren zur Herstellung von organischen Acetaten

Katalysator zum Reformieren von Kohlenwasserstoffen, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Verwendung des Katalysators

Verfahren zur katalytischen Umsetzung von Kohlenoxyd mit Wasserdampf

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША

Способ получения катализатора, применяемого в синтезе Фишера-Тропша. Способ включает стадии пропитки материала носителя катализатора активным компонентом кобальтового катализатора с образованием предшественника катализатора и прокаливания предшественника катализатора в атмосфере сухого газа прокаливания.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАЗА, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ОКСИД АЗОТА

Изобретение предлагает способ получения газа, содержащего оксид азота, при использовании катализатора получения оксида азота из аммиака и кислорода. Катализатор содержит композицию А3-хВхО4, где комбинацию из А и В выбирают из А=Mn или Cr и В=Со, где 0<х<3. Полученный газ характеризуется низким уровнем содержания гемиоксида азота.

КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ

Описан способ производства кобальтового катализатора, который включает стадии образования водного раствора комплекса аммиаката кобальта, окисление упомянутого раствора так, что концентрация Со(III) в окисленном растворе больше, чем концентрация Со(III) в неокисленном растворе, и последующее разложение комплекса аммиаката кобальта нагреванием раствора до температуры от 80 до 110°С в течение достаточного времени, чтобы дать возможность нерастворимому соединению кобальта выпасть в осадок из раствора. Описан также интермедиат катализатора, который содержит соединение кобальта, содержащее Со (II)/Со (III) фазу гидротальцита и Co3O4 фазу шпинель кобальта, при этом соотношение фаза гидротальцит кобальта:фаза шпинель кобальта меньше, чем 0,6:1, упомянутые фазы гидротальцит кобальта и шпинель кобальта измеряли с помощью рентгеновской дифракции.

COBALT CATALYSTS ON THE CARRIER FOR FISHER -[TROPShA] SYNTHESIS

METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA BASED ON AUTOTHERMAL REFORMING

STEAM REFORMING CATALYST AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURE

СПОСОБ И КАТАЛИЗАТОР КОНВЕРСИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДА

В заявке описан способ конверсии углеводородов в водород и один или большее количество оксидов углерода, включающий взаимодействие углеводорода с паром и/или кислородом в присутствии фазы шпинели кристаллического катализатора, содержащей каталитически активный металл. Также описан способ получения катализатора, применимого для конверсии углеводородов в водород и один или большее количество оксидов углерода, включающий прибавление осаждающего реагента к раствору или суспензии тугоплавкого оксида или его предшественника и соединения, содержащего металл-катализатор, с образованием осадка, который прокаливают в содержащей кислород атмосфере с образованием кристаллической фазы, в которой тонко диспергирован металл-катализатор. Также описан кристаллический катализатор, содержащий элементы никель, магний, алюминий и лантанид, в котором кристаллическая фаза является фазой шпинели.

ВАРИАЦИЯ ИМПРЕГНИРОВАНИЯ ОЛОВОМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ АЛКАНОВ

Изобретение относится к катализатору дегидрирования алканов или алкильных заместителей углеводородов, включающему формованное изделие, содержащее по меньшей мере один оксид элементов II-IV группы главной или побочной подгруппы Периодической системы или составленное из них смешанное оксидное соединение, причем составляющие служат в качестве основного материала формованного изделия, а также дополнительный компонент, включающий оксид элемента IV группы главной подгруппы Периодической системы, который добавляют при формообразовании, при этом соединение платины и соединение элемента IV группы главной подгруппы Периодической системы выбраны в качестве поверхностного компонента катализатора. Изобретение относится также к получению катализатора с использованием заявленных материалов с помощью различных стадий способа, а также способ дегидрирования алканов с использованием катализатора согласно изобретению.

СМЕШАННЫЙ МЕТАЛЛОКСИДНЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР И ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ОКСИДА АЗОТА В РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ АММИАКА

Настоящее изобретение предлагает катализатор получения оксида азота из аммиака и кислорода. Катализатор содержит композицию А3-хВх09-у, где А и В выбраны из группы Mn, Co, Cr, Fe и Al, х находится в диапазоне от 0 до 3, a y находится в диапазоне от 0 до 6. Катализатор характеризуется высокой селективностью получения оксида азота и низкой температурой воспламенения в реакторе. Кроме того, настоящее изобретение относится к способу получения газа, содержащего оксид азота, при использовании катализатора настоящего изобретения. Полученный газ характеризуется низким уровнем содержания гемиоксида азота.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ И ПОЛУЧЕННЫЕ НА ЕГО ОСНОВЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ

Изобретение предлагает способ получения катализаторов путем порошкового инжекционного формования и полученные на его основе катализаторы, где катализаторы изготавливают путем приготовления керамического состава с регулируемыми температурой реологическими свойствами, содержащего каталитические компоненты, нагрева данного порошкового состава вплоть, по меньшей мере, до температуры перехода в текучее состояние, формования образца путем впрыскивания текучего порошкового состава в инжекционную форму с последующим охлаждением инжектированного порошкового состава ниже температуры перехода в текучее состояние, отсоединения формованного образца и спекания формованного образца с образованием керамического катализатора. Альтернативно может быть исходно сформована керамическая структура с последующим покрытием керамической структуры одним или несколькими каталитическими соединениями.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТВЕРДЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ НА ОСНОВЕ ФЕРРИТА ЦИНКА В СПОСОБЕ ГЛУБОКОГО ОБЕССЕРИВАНИЯ КИСЛОРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО СЫРЬЯ

Изобретение относится к способу обессеривания сырья, содержащего кислородсодержащие соединения, углеводородные соединения и серосодержащие органические соединения, улавливанием серы на улавливающей массе, содержащей оксиды железа или оксиды цинка и более 20 мас. % феррита цинка. Способ осуществляют в присутствии водорода при температуре, находящейся в интервале от 200 °C до 400 °C.

REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN IN PROCESS OF "METHANOL IN HYDROCARBONS" BY MEANS OF BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST

ACTIVATED CATALYST REACTION OF SYNTHESIS OF FISCHER - TROPSCH AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS

КОБАЛЬТОВЫЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ НА НОСИТЕЛЕ ДЛЯ СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША

Описаны катализатор, содержащий 5-75 мас.% кобальта, нанесенного на оксидный носитель, состоящий из алюминия и 0,01-20 мас.% лития, и способ получения указанного катализатора. Такие катализаторы пригодны для применения при синтезе углеводородов способом Фишера-Тропша.

BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST

ADDITIVE FOR GAS-PHASE OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION CATALYSTS

Exhaust gas purifying catalyst, exhaust gas purifying catalyst and method of manufacturing exhaust gas purifying catalyst

Method for preparing butadiene with excellent catalyst reproducibility

Preparation of fischer-tropsch catalysts

A method of producing a catalyst for use in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The method comprises the steps of: impregnating a catalyst support material with an active cobalt catalyst component to form a catalyst precursor; and calcining the catalyst precursor in an atmosphere of a dry calcining gas.

METHOD OF PREPARING A CATALYST CONTAINING ZINC ALUMINATE CATALYST OBTAINED AND

Method of preparation of organic esters

Non-oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon, esp. ethylbenzene - on spinel catalyst contg. lithium, with improved selectivity and conversion

COBALT-BASED CATALYST SUPPORTED ON SILICA-ALUMINA NC CONTROLLED

PROCEEDED OF REDUCTION IN the NITROGEN PROTOXIDE OF EXHAUST FUMES OF MOTOR VEHICLE

IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLIDS CONTAINING ZINC FERRITE IN A PROCESS OF MAJOR DESULPHURIZATION OF LOADS OXYGENEES

L'invention concerne un procédé de désulfuration d'une charge comprenant des composés oxygénés, des composés hydrocarbonés et des composés soufrés organiques, par captation de soufre sur une masse de captation comprenant des oxydes de fer ou des oxydes de zinc et plus de 20% poids de ferrite de zinc. Le procédé est opéré en présence d'hydrogène à une température comprise entre 200°C et 400°C.

A DEVICE FOR PURIFYING EXHAUST GAS OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH CERAMIC CARRIER AND AN ACTIVE PHASE CHEMICALLY AND MECHANICALLY ANCHORED IN THE SUPPORT

OXIDATION OF AMMONIA

CATALYST FOR ABATING NITROGEN OXIDE, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME, AND CATALYST SYSTEM FOR ABATING NITROGEN OXIDE

... 본 발명은 셀 격벽으로 구획된 다수의 셀 통로를 포함하는 허니콤 기재; 및 상기 셀 통로의 내면 상에 위치하는 코팅층을 포함하고, 상기 코팅층은, Mg 치환 알루미나(MgAl2O4), 세리아(CeO2), 및 복합세리아를 포함하는 지지체; 및 상기 지지체 상에 담지되는 Ba와 Pt, Pd, Rh, 및 이들의 조합에서 선택되는 귀금속 촉매를 포함하는 질소산화물 저감 촉매, 및 이를 포함하는 질소산화물 저감 촉매 시스템을 제공한다.

REFORMING CATALYST FOR OXYGEN-CONTAINING HYDROCARBON, METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN OR SYNTHESIS GAS USING SAME, AND FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Disclosed is a reforming catalyst for oxygen-containing hydrocarbons which contains copper, a metal oxide having a spinel structure and a zeolite. Preferably, the reforming catalyst further contains alumina, a group VIII metal or a rare earth element. Also disclosed is a method for producing hydrogen or a synthesis gas by subjecting an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon to (1) steam reforming, (2) autothermal reforming, (3) partial oxidation reforming or (4) carbon dioxide reforming, while using the above-described reforming catalyst. Further disclosed is a fuel cell system using the reforming catalyst. The reforming catalyst has a high activity and excellent heat resistance. When the reforming catalyst further contains alumina, a group VIII metal or a rare earth element, the amount of coke generation is suppressed, thereby further improving durability of the catalyst. Consequently, hydrogen or a synthesis gas can be efficiently produced by subjecting an oxygen-containing hydrocarbon to various ...

Process for the dehydration of aqueous bio-derived terminal alcohols to terminal alkenes

A method and apparatus for dehydrating bio-1-alcohols to bio-l-alkenes with high selectivity. The bio-1-alkenes are useful in preparing high flashpoint diesel and jet biofuels which are useful to civilian and military applications. Furthermore, the bio-1-alkenes may be converted to biolubricants useful in the transporation sector and other areas requiring high purity/thermally stable lubricants.

Spinel structured catalyst for aldehyde production

The present invention refers to a catalyst for aldehyde production, in particular formaldehyde or acetaldehyde production, through selective oxidation of alkanol, especially methanol or ethanol, with oxygen, said catalyst having a spinel structure. The catalyst typically comprises a Fe a q +V b+ Mo c+ y +Δ z O 4 spinel structure wherein Δ is an optional cation vacancy and wherein wherein z=3−q−x−y and q×a+x×b+y×c=8 in concentrations corresponding to 0.6<q<3, 0<x<1.5, 0<y<1 and 0<z<1.3 and 2<a<3, 3<b<5 and 3<c<6. The present invention further refers to a process for producing said catalyst and to the use of said catalyst for selective oxidation of alkanol, preferably methanol or ethanol, with oxygen to aldehyde, preferably formaldehyde or acetaldehyde.

Catalytic adsorbents obtained from municipal sludges, industrial sludges, compost and tobacco waste and process for their production

Industrial waste derived adsorbents were obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge, metal sludge, waste oil sludge and tobacco waste in some combination. The materials were used as media to remove hydrogen sulfide at room temperature in the presence of moisture. The initial and exhausted adsorbents after the breakthrough tests were characterized using sorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, XRD, ICP, and surface pH measurements. Mixing tobacco and sludges result in a strong synergy enhancing the catalytic properties of adsorbents. During pyrolysis new mineral phases are formed as a result of solid state reaction between the components of the sludges. High temperature of pyrolysis is beneficial for the adsorbents due to the enhanced activation of carbonaceous phase and chemical stabilization of inorganic phase. Samples obtained at low temperature are sensitive to water, which deactivates their catalytic centers.

Attrition Resistant Supports for Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst and Process for Making Same

The invention relates to a novel method of preparing attrition resistance spinel supports for Fischer Tropsch catalysts. The process comprises: (a) combining aluminum oxide, metal compound capable of forming spinel phase, and soluble compound of a trivalent aluminum; (b) mixing the combination resulting in (a) in a manner sufficient to form a slurry comprising the aforementioned combination; and (c) processing the mixture of (b) under conditions sufficient to form metal aluminate spinel composition. Metal aluminate spinel, for example, is formed in the last step by calcining the mixture from (b) at a temperature in the range of 700 to 1300° C., but the process is also capable, of producing attrition resistant supports (e.g., having a DI of 5 or less) at a relatively lower temperature in the range of 700 to 1050° C. The invention also produces the attrition resistance with lower metal loadings than that reported for prior attrition resistant spinel supports.

Method for producing hydrocarbons with continuous charging of the catalyst

The present invention relates to a method for the continuous production of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a synthesis step in which a synthesis gas is reacted in the presence of a catalyst in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor ( 4 ), characterised in that, at the same time as the synthesis step, the following successive steps are carried out: a) charging a catalyst precursor comprising cobalt oxide in a reduction reactor ( 2 ); b) reducing the catalyst precursor charged in step a) by placing it in contact with a reduction gas comprising hydrogen (H 2 ) and/or carbon monoxide (CO); and c) introducing the catalyst reduced in step b) into the synthesis reactor ( 4 ).

Catalyst treatment

A method of preparing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for handling, storage, transport and deployment, including the steps of impregnating a porous support material with a source of cobalt, calcining the impregnated support material activating the catalyst, and passivating the activated catalyst.

Fischer-tropsch catalyst regeneration

A process for the regeneration of deactivated catalyst from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor, the catalyst being a supported cobalt catalyst. The process comprises the following steps: a withdrawal step, in which a portion of deactivated catalyst together with liquid hydrocarbon is withdrawn from the reactor; a concentration step, in which the concentration of the catalyst in the liquid hydrocarbon is increased; a calcination step, in which the deactivated catalyst composition is subjected to an oxidising gas to oxidise carbonaceous material contained in the deactivated catalyst in to gaseous oxides of the components of the carbonaceous material; and a reactivation step, in which the deactivated catalyst composition is reactivated to produced a regenerated catalyst.

Method for producing catalysts and catalysts thereof

The invention relates to a process to produce catalysts by powder injection moulding and the catalysts thereof, wherein the catalysts are made by preparing a ceramic formulation with temperature controlled rheological properties comprising catalytic components, heating the powder formulation up to at least the fluid state transition temperature, shaping a sample by injecting the fluid powder formulation into an injection mould followed by cooling the injected powder formulation below the fluid state transition temperature, de-binding the shaped sample, and sintering the shaped sample to form a ceramic catalyst. Alternatively the ceramic structure may be formed initially followed by a coating of the ceramic structure by one or more catalytic compounds.

CATALYST COMBINING PLATINUM GROUP METAL WITH COPPER-ALUMINA SPINEL

An oxidation catalyst composition is provided, the composition including at least one platinum group metal impregnated onto a porous alumina material, wherein the porous alumina material comprises a copper-alumina spinel phase. At least a portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase can be proximal to, or in direct contact with, at least one platinum group metal crystallite, such as a crystallite having a size of about 1 nm or greater. The close proximity of the copper-alumina spinel phase to the platinum group metal crystallite is believed to provide synergistic enhancement of carbon monoxide oxidation. Methods of making and using the catalyst composition are also provided, as well as emission treatment systems comprising a catalyst article coated with the catalyst composition. 1. An oxidation catalyst composition , the composition comprising at least one platinum group metal impregnated onto a porous alumina material , wherein the porous alumina material comprises a copper-alumina spinel phase.2. The oxidation catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein at least one portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase is proximal to claim 1 , or in direct contact with claim 1 , at least one platinum group metal crystallite.3. The oxidation catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein at least one portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase is proximal to claim 2 , or in direct contact with claim 2 , at least one platinum group metal crystallite having a crystallite size of about 1 nm or greater.4. The oxidation catalyst composition of claim 3 , wherein at least one portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase is proximal to claim 3 , or in direct contact with claim 3 , at least one platinum group metal crystallite having a crystallite size of about 50 nm or greater.5. The oxidation catalyst composition of claim 2 , wherein the at least one portion of the copper-alumina spinel phase is within about 50 nm of the at least one platinum group metal crystallite.6. The oxidation catalyst ...

CATALYST, AND METHOD FOR DIRECT CONVERSION OF SYNGAS TO PREPARE LIGHT OLEFINS

A process for direct synthesis of light olefins uses syngas as the feed raw material. This catalytic conversion process is conducted in a fixed bed or a moving bed using a composite catalyst containing components A and B (A+B). The active ingredient of catalyst A is metal oxide; and catalyst B is an oxide supported zeolite. A carrier is one or more of AlO, SiO, TiO, ZrO, CeO, MgO and GaOhaving hierarchical pores; the zeolite is one or more of CHA and AEI structures. The loading of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the catalyst A and the catalyst B is within a range of 0.1-20, and preferably 0.3-5. The total selectivity of the light olefins comprising ethylene, propylene and butylene can reach 50-90%, while the selectivity of a methane byproduct is less than 15%. 1. A catalyst , wherein the catalyst is a composite catalyst composed of A+B; the catalyst component A and the catalyst component B are compounded by mechanical mixing method; the active ingredients of the catalyst component A are active metal oxides; the catalyst component B are supported zeolites; the carrier is at least one of porous AlO , SiO , TiO , ZrO , CeO , MgO and GaO; the zeolite is at least one of CHA and AEI structures; the loading of the zeolite is 4%-45% wt; and the active metal oxide is at least one of MnO , MnCrO , MnAlO , MnZrO , ZnO , ZnCrO , ZnAlO , CoAlOand FeAlO.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of porous AlO claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , ZrO claim 1 , CeO claim 1 , MgO and GaOin the catalyst component B is used as the carrier; specific surface area is 30-250 m/g; pore volume is 0.25-0.80 ml/g; through calculation according to the specific surface area claim 1 , mesoporous specific surface area occupies 30-75% and macroporous specific surface area occupies 25-70%; and the zeolite is used as an active component and dispersed on the carrier by in situ growth or physical mixing mode.3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , ...

Nano-sized functional binder

Described are catalytic articles comprising a substrate having a washcoat on the substrate, the washcoat containing a catalytic component having a first average (D50) particle size and a functional binder component having a second average (D50) particle size in the range of about 10 nm to about 1000 nm, wherein the ratio of the first average (D50) particle size to the second average (D50) particle size is greater than about 10:1. The catalytic articles are useful in methods and systems to purify exhaust gas streams from an engine.

Nano-sized functional binder

Described are catalytic articles comprising a substrate having a washcoat on the substrate, the washcoat containing a catalytic component having a first average (D50) particle size and a functional binder component having a second average (D50) particle size in the range of about 10 nm to about 1000 nm, wherein the ratio of the first average (D50) particle size to the second average (D50) particle size is greater than about 10:1. The catalytic articles are useful in methods and systems to purify exhaust gas streams from an engine.

ADDITIVES FOR GAS PHASE OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION CATALYSTS

A composition useful in oxidative desulphurization of gaseous hydrocarbons is described. It comprises a CuZnAl—O mixed oxide, and an H form of a zeolite. The mixed oxide can contain one or more metal oxide promoters. The H form of the zeolite can be desilicated, and can also contain one or more transition metals. 1. A composition useful in oxidative desulfurization of gaseous , sulfur containing hydrocarbons , (i) a CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component comprising nominal copper oxide in an amount ranging from 10 weight percent (wt %) to 50 wt % , zinc oxide in an amount ranging from 5 wt % to less than 20 wt % , and aluminum oxide in an amount ranging from 20 wt % to 70 wt % , wherein said catalytic composition has a highly dispersed spinel oxide phase with a formula CuZnAlOwherein x ranges from 0 to 1 , dispersed crystalline ZnO and CuO , and (ii) at least one zeolite in H form.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said CuZnAL-O mixed oxide component is in granular form.3. The composition of claim 1 , formed as a cylinder claim 1 , a sphere claim 1 , a trilobe claim 1 , or a quatrolobe.4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein granules of said CuZnAL-O mixed oxide component have a diameter of from 1 mm to 4 mm.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component has a surface area of from 10 m/g to 100 m/g.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the total pore volume of said CuZnAL-O mixed oxide component is from about 0.1 cm/g to about 0.5 cm/g7. The composition of claim 1 , said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component comprising from 20 wt % to 45 wt % CuO claim 1 , from 10 wt % to less than 20 wt % ZnO claim 1 , and from 20 wt % to 70 wt % of AlO.8. The composition of claim 7 , said catalyst comprising from 30 wt % to 45 wt % CuO claim 7 , from 12 wt % to less than 20 wt % ZnO claim 7 , and from 20 wt % to 40 wt % AlO.9. The catalytic composition of claim 5 , said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component having a surface area of from 50 m/g to 100 m/g.10. The ...

Catalyst and method for synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons through direct conversion of synthesis gas

Synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons from synthesis gas in a fixed bed or a moving bed reactor loaded with a composite catalyst comprising Catalyst Component A and Catalyst Component B mixed via a mechanical mixing mode, wherein the active ingredient of the Catalyst Component A is active metal oxides; and the Catalyst Component B is one or both of ZSM-5 zeolite and metal modified ZSM-5; the pressure of the synthesis gas is 0.1-6 MPa; the reaction temperature is 300-600° C.; and the space velocity is 500-8000 h−1. The reaction process has a high product yield and selectivity, with the selectivity of aromatics reaching 50-85%, while the selectivity of the methane byproduct is less than 15%.

CATALYST AND A PROCESS FOR CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE-CONTAINING GAS AND HYDROGEN STREAMS TO HYDROCARBONS

The invention relates to a catalyst suitable for use in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas, said catalyst comprising spinel phase of the formula [Fe(FeAl)O]. Processes for preparing the catalyst and processes for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas in the presence of the catalyst are also disclosed. 1) A catalyst suitable for use in the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide-containing gas , said catalyst comprising spinel phase of the following formula:{'br': None, 'sup': 2+', '3+', '3+, 'sub': y', '1-y', '2', '4, 'Fe(FeAl)O\u2003\u2003Formula 1'}wherein y is from 0.05 to 0.95.2) A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein y is from 0.25 to 0.75.3) A catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein y is from 0.3 to 0.7.4) A catalyst according to claim 1 , having average crystal size in the range from 1.5 to 3 nm claim 1 , as measured by X-Ray diffraction (XRD).5) A catalyst according to claim 1 , which further comprises potassium on its surface.6) A process for preparing compounds of Formulas 1 or 2:{'br': None, 'sup': 2+', '3+', '3+, 'sub': y', '1-y', '2', '4, 'Fe(FeAl)O\u2003\u2003Formula 1'} {'br': None, 'sup': 2+', '2+', '3+', '3+, 'sub': x', '1-x', 'y', '1-y', '2', '4, '(CuFe)(FeAl)O\u2003\u2003Formula 2'}, 'wherein y is in the range from 0.05 to 0.95; or'}wherein 0.0 Подробнее

NOx Trap Catalyst Support Material Composition

The present invention relates to a method of making a support material composition comprising an Mg/Al oxide, a cerium oxide and at least another rare earth element oxide, to a support material composition and to the use of the support material composition as a nitrogen oxide storage component within a catalyst for treating exhaust gases to reduce NOx content. 1. A method of preparing a support material composition , the composition comprising two phases:a first phase comprising a Mg/Al mixed oxide; anda second phase comprising a cerium based oxide, and rare-earth element(s) based oxide other than cerium oxide, wherein the second phase is a solid-solution; the method comprising the following steps:i) preparing an aqueous suspension of a Mg/Al mixed oxide precursor;ii) preparing an aqueous solution of a cerium salt;iii) preparing an aqueous solution of one or more rare-earth element oxides salt(s) other than cerium salts;iv) combining, in any order, at least the aqueous suspension in step i), with the aqueous solution in step ii), and the aqueous solution of step iii) to form an aqueous mixture;v) dying the aqueous mixture to form a dried particulate material; andvi) calcining the dried particulate material; the cerium salts from the aqueous solution of step ii) and', 'the rare earth element salt(s) other than cerium salts from the aqueous solution of step iii) and,, 'wherein the content of the one or more rare-earth element salt(s) other than cerium is between 5 and 50 wt. %, relative to the sum of'}wherein each of the salts are calculated as their oxides.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Mg/Al mixed oxide precursor is prepared by hydrolysis of a mixture of corresponding alkoxides of aluminium and magnesium that form a mixture of hydrotalcite claim 1 , boehmite claim 1 , and water.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cerium salt comprises one or more of cerium nitrate claim 1 , ammonium cerium nitrate claim 1 , cerium sulfate claim 1 , cerium carbonate claim ...

CATALYST COMPOSITION AND CATALYTIC PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROCARBONS

The invention relates to potassium-promoted, Fe(FeAl)O[0.3≤y≤0.7] silica-containing extrudates, processes for the preparation of the extrudates with the aid of colloidal silica, and the use of the extrudates to catalyze processes for producing liquid hydrocarbons. 1) Potassium-promoted Fe(FeAl)O[0.3 Подробнее

USE OF NICKEL-MANGANESE OLIVINE AND NICKEL-MANGANESE SPINEL AS BULK METAL CATALYSTS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE REFORMING OF METHANE

Disclosed are bulk metal oxide catalysts, and methods for their use, that include at 5 least two or more metals or two or more compounds thereof (M, M) and having an olivine crystal phase or a spinel crystal phase, or both phases, wherein the bulk metal oxide catalyst is capable of producing the Hand CO from the CHand the COunder substantially dry conditions. 1. A bulk metal oxide catalyst capable of producing hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO) from methane (CH) and carbon dioxide (CO) , the bulk metal oxide catalyst comprising at least two or more metals or two or more compounds thereof (M , M) and having an olivine crystal phase , wherein the bulk metal oxide catalyst is capable of producing the Hand CO from the CHand the COunder substantially dry conditions.2. The bulk metal oxide of claim 1 , wherein Mcomprises nickel (Ni) or a compound thereof claim 1 , and Mcomprises manganese (Mn) or a compound thereof.3. The bulk metal oxide catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the olivine crystal phase comprises a nickel-manganese olivine crystal phase having a structure of (NiMn)SiO claim 2 , where x is 0 Подробнее

Device for Purifying Exhaust Gases from a Heat Engine, Comprising a Catalytic Ceramic Support Comprising an Arrangement of Essentially Identical Crystallites

Device for purifying exhaust gases from a thermal combustion engine, comprising a catalytic ceramic carrier comprising an arrangement of crystallites of the same size, same isodiametric morphology and same chemical composition or substantially the same size, same isodiametric morphology and same chemical composition, wherein each crystallite is in contact at a singular or almost singular point with surrounding crystallites, and whereon at least one active phase is deposited for the chemical destruction of impurities in the exhaust gas.

Catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation reaction, and method for producing same

Provided is a catalyst for an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction that comprises: a porous support; a core portion supported on the porous support and containing a first zinc ferrite-based catalyst; and a shell portion supported on the core portion and containing a second zinc ferrite-based catalyst, in which the first zinc ferrite-based catalyst and the second zinc ferrite-based catalyst are different from each other.

Manganese-Cobalt Spinel Oxide Nanowire Arrays

Manganese-cobalt (Mn—Co) spinel oxide nanowire arrays are synthesized at low pressure and low temperature by a hydrothermal method. The method can include contacting a substrate with a solvent, such as water, that includes MnO4- and Co2 ions at a temperature from about 60° C. to about 120° C. The method preferably includes dissolving potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in the solvent to yield the MnO4— ions. the substrate is The nanoarrays are useful for reducing a concentration of an impurity, such as a hydrocarbon, in a gas, such as an emission source. The resulting material with high surface area and high materials utilization efficiency can be directly used for environment and energy applications including emission control systems, air/water purifying systems and lithium-ion batteries. 1. A method of making a manganese-cobalt (Mn—Co) spinel oxide nanoarray on a substrate , comprising:{'sub': '4', 'sup': −', '2+, 'contacting a substrate with a solvent comprising MnOand Coions at a temperature from about 60° C. to about 120° C.'}2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dissolving potassium permanganate (KMnO) in the solvent to yield the MnOions.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dissolving cobalt nitrate in the solvent to yield the Coions.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the cobalt nitrate is cobalt nitrate hexahydrate (CO(NO)⋅6HO).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is water.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising varying the concentration of MnOor Coions in the solvent to control deposition rate of the manganese-cobalt spinel oxide nanoarray.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling the temperature of the solvent to control deposition rate of the manganese-cobalt spinel oxide nanoarray.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a honeycomb structure.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a cordierite honeycomb.10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting a substrate with a solvent ...

NOx TRAP

A NOtrap catalyst is disclosed. The NOtrap catalyst comprises a noble metal, a NOstorage component, a support, and a first ceria-containing material. The first ceria-containing material is pre-aged prior to incorporation into the NOx trap catalyst, and may have a surface area of less than 80 m/g. The invention also includes exhaust systems comprising the NOtrap catalyst, and a method for treating exhaust gas utilizing the NOtrap catalyst. 1. A NOx trap catalyst comprising a substrate , a first layer , and a second layer; wherein the first layer comprises a NOx trap composition comprising one or more noble metals , a NOx storage component , a first support material , and a first ceria-containing material , wherein the first ceria-containing material is pre-aged prior to incorporation into the first layer; and the second layer comprises rhodium , a second ceria-containing material , and a second support material , wherein the second ceria-containing material is not pre-aged prior to incorporation into the second layer.2. The NOtrap catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first ceria-containing material has a surface area of less than 80 m/g.3. The NOtrap catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first ceria-containing material has a surface area of 40-75 m/g.4. The NOtrap catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the one or more noble metals are selected from the group consisting of palladium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , gold claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The NOtrap catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage component comprises an alkaline earth metal claim 1 , an alkali metal claim 1 , a rare earth metal claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.6. The NOtrap catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage component comprises barium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.7. The NOtrap catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage component comprises barium.8. The NOtrap catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first support material is selected from the group ...

NOx TRAP COMPOSITION

A NOtrap composition, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. NOtrap composition comprises a platinum group metal, barium, cobalt, and a magnesia-alumina support. The NOtrap composition is less prone to storage deactivation and exhibits reduced NO formation. 1. A method for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine comprising contacting the exhaust gas with a NOtrap composition comprising a platinum group metal , barium , cobalt , and a magnesia-alumina support , wherein the platinum group metal , barium , and cobalt are supported on the magnesia-alumina support.2. The method of wherein the platinum group metal is selected from the group consisting of platinum claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The method of wherein the magnesia-alumina support is a magnesium aluminate spinel.4. The method of wherein the magnesia-alumina support comprises 5 to 40 weight percent magnesia.5. The method of wherein the NOtrap composition comprises 0.1 to 10 weight percent platinum group metal.6. The method of wherein the NOtrap composition comprises 2 to 20 weight percent cobalt.7. The method of wherein the NOtrap composition comprises 1 to 10 weight percent barium.8. The method of wherein the magnesia-alumina support is pre-calcined at a temperature greater than 600° C.9. The method wherein the NOtrap composition of claim is supported on a metal or ceramic substrate.10. The method of wherein the substrate is a flow-through monolith.11. The method of wherein the exhaust gas is further treated by contacting the exhaust gas with at least one of an oxidation catalyst and a particulate filter. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/456,374, filed Apr. 26, 2012, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entireties for all purposes.The invention relates to a NOtrap composition, its use in exhaust systems for internal combustion engines, and a ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST PREPARED FROM A MOLTEN SALT

Fischer-Tropsch process for the synthesis of hydrocarbons by bringing a feedstock including synthesis gas into contact with a catalyst prepared by the following: 1. Fischer-Tropsch process for the synthesis of hydrocarbons , which comprises bringing a feedstock comprising a synthesis gas into contact with at least one catalyst under a total pressure between 0.1 and 15 MPa , at a temperature of between 150 and 350° C. , and at an hour space velocity of between 100 and 20 000 volumes of synthesis gas per volume of catalyst and per hour with an H/CO molar ratio of the synthesis gas between 0.5 and 4 , said catalyst containing an active phase comprising at least cobalt and a porous support of oxide type , said catalyst being prepared by at least the following steps:a) said porous oxide-type support is brought into contact with a cobalt metal salt of which the melting point of said cobalt metal salt is between 30 and 150° C., in order to form a solid mixture for a period of time of between 5 minutes and 5 hours, the weight ratio of said cobalt metal salt to said porous oxide support being between 0.1 and 1;b) the solid mixture obtained at the end of step a) is heated with stirring under atmospheric pressure at a temperature between the melting point of said cobalt metal salt and 200° C. for a period of time of between 5 minutes and 12 hours;c) optionally, the solid obtained at the end of step b) is dried at a temperature below 200° C.;d) the solid obtained at the end of step b) or c) is calcined at a temperature above 200° C. and below or equal to 1100° C. under an inert atmosphere or under an oxygen-containing atmosphere.2. Process according to claim 1 , in which said cobalt metal salt is chosen from cobalt nitrate hexahydrate or cobalt acetate tetrahydrate.3. Process according to claim 1 , in which the weight ratio of the cobalt metal salt to the porous support is between 0.3 and 0.9.4. Process according to claim 1 , in which step a) is carried out for 10 minutes to 4 ...

SPINEL SUPPORTED METAL CATALYST FOR STEAM REFORMING

The invention relates to a catalyst useful in the steam reforming of hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons. The invention provides a method for preparing a catalyst comprising heating a spinel of formula ANiFeCrOwhere A is Mn or Mg and x is from 0 to 0.75 under reducing conditions at a temperature of from 800 to 1500° C., and catalysts obtainable by said method. 18-. (canceled)9. A method for preparing a catalyst comprising heating a spinel of formula ANiFeCrOwhere A is Mn or Mg and x is from >0 to 0.75 under reducing conditions at a temperature of from 800 to 1500° C. so as to cause a restructuring of the spinel to form a catalyst comprising a porous spinel phase supporting metal particles of Ni , Fe , mixtures thereof and/or alloys thereof.101. The method according to claim , wherein the spinel of formula ANiFeCrOis single phase.111. The method according to claim , wherein when A is Mn , x is less than or equal to 0.55.121. The method according to claim , wherein the metal particles have a particle size of 10 nm to 5 μm.131. A catalyst obtainable by the method of claim .14. A method of steam reforming a hydrocarbon or an oxygenated hydrocarbon comprising contacting said hydrocarbon or oxygenated hydrocarbon with steam and the catalyst according to .15. A method according to claim 14 , wherein said oxygenated hydrocarbon is steam reformed.16. A method according to claim 14 , wherein said oxygenated hydrocarbon is glycerol. The invention relates to a catalyst for the steam reforming of hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons. The catalyst comprises Fe/Ni supported on a porous spinel lattice. In particular, the invention relates to a method for preparing said catalyst and a method of steam reforming hydrocarbons or oxygenated hydrocarbons using said catalyst.The steam reforming of natural gas (methane) is the most common method of producing commercial bulk hydrogen. There is interest in producing hydrogen from methane and other hydrocarbons for use in fuel cells. ...

Catalyst for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane and method of converting methane using the same

The present invention relates to a catalyst for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane and a method of converting methane using the same, and more particularly to a catalyst for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane, in which the properties of the catalyst are optimized by adjusting the free space between catalyst particles packed in a reactor, thereby maximizing the catalytic reaction rate without precise control of reaction conditions for oxygen-free direct conversion of methane, minimizing coke formation and exhibiting stable catalytic performance even upon long-term operation, and to a method of converting methane using the same.

DIRECT NOX DECOMPOSITION CATALYST WITH IMPROVED ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY

A catalyst for direct decomposition of NO and NOto Nand Ohas a CoFeOspinel doped with potassium cations. The catalyst has high activity and good selectivity for Nproduction, when potassium cations are loaded at a density of about 0.9 weight percent. Methods for making the catalyst include wet impregnation of a CoFeOspinel with a solution of potassium cations, such as a KOH solution. 1. A catalytic converter for the direct decomposition removal of NOfrom an exhaust gas stream flowing at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 650° C. , the catalytic converter comprising:an inlet configured to receive the exhaust gas stream into an enclosure;an outlet configured to allow the exhaust gas stream to exit the enclosure; and{'sub': 2', '4, 'a catalyst system contained inside the enclosure, the catalyst system comprising CoFeOspinel in a nanoparticle form, having an average diameter of from about 2 nm to about 100 nm; and'}potassium cations doped in the spinel.2. (canceled)3. The catalytic converter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the potassium cations are present at a weight percentage within a range of from about 0.5 to about 2.0%.4. The catalytic converter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the potassium cations are present at a weight percentage within a range of from about 0.5 to about 1.5%.5. The catalytic converter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the potassium cations are present at a weight percentage within a range of from about 0.7 to about 1.2%.6. The catalytic converter as recited in claim 1 , wherein the potassium cations are present at a weight percentage within a range of from about 0.85 to about 0.95%.7. A method for direct decomposition removal of NOfrom a gas mixture claim 1 , the method comprising:{'sub': x', '2', '4, 'exposing a gas mixture having NOto a catalyst including a CoFeOspinel doped with potassium cations at a loading density within a range of from about 0.5 to about 2.0 weight percent; and'}{'sub': x', '2, 'catalyzing a direct decomposition ...

BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST COMPRISING EVENLY DISTRIBUTED PHOSPHOROUS

A bifunctional catalyst for conversion of oxygenates, said bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder, Zn and P, wherein P is evenly distributed across the catalyst. 1. A bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite , alumina binder , Zn and P , wherein the P is present throughout the catalyst , the P concentration at the catalyst center is above 0.1 wt % , and the Zn concentration at the catalyst center is above 3 wt %.2. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a bifunctional catalyst for conversion of oxygenates.3. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the P concentration at the catalyst edge is between 0.1 wt %-10 wt %.4. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of P concentration at the catalyst center to the P concentration at the catalyst edge (wt % P catalyst center: wt % P catalyst edge) is 1:20.5. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Zn is present at least partly as ZnAlO.6. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an extruded or pelletized catalyst.7. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is ZSM-5 or ZSM-11.8. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , comprising 30-80 wt % zeolite claim 1 , 1-40 wt % ZnAlO4 claim 1 , 0-40% AlPO4 claim 1 , 0-40 wt % AlO claim 1 , 0-10 wt % ZnO.9. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Zn is present in both zeolite and alumina binder.10. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of P/Zn is 0.02-5.11. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of P/Zn is at least substantially the same at the catalyst edge and the catalyst center.12. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the alumina binder further comprises silica.13. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst claim 1 , by X-ray diffraction claim 1 , does not contain free ZnO in the binder.14. Bifunctional catalyst according ...

CATALYST COMPOSITION AND CATALYTIC PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING LIQUID HYDROCARBONS

The invention relates to potassium-promoted, Fe(FeyAli-y)24 [0.3<≦0.7] silica-containing extrudates, processes for the preparation of the extrudates with the aid of colloidal silica, and the use of the extrudates to catalyze processes for producing liquid hydrocarbons. 1) A process for preparing potassium-promoted Fe(FeAl)O[0.3 Подробнее

Catalytic cracking process for biofeeds

A process of catalytically cracking a feedstock based on a biocomponent contacts the feedstock with a catalytic cracking catalyst comprising a basic metal oxide on a porous oxide support at an elevated cracking temperature to eliminate oxygen from the biocomponent to form cracked hydrocarbon residues. The basic metal oxide of the cracking catalyst is preferably a metal oxide of Group 2 of the Periodic Table (IUPAC) such as calcium or magnesium on a support comprised of a non-acidic form of alumina such as gibbsite or boehmite. Preferred feedstocks are those based on triglycerides, especially vegetable oils, animal fats and algae oils.

CATALYST FOR PREPARING 2,5-FURANCARBOXYLIC ACID AND METHOD FOR PREPARING 2,5-FURANCARBOXYLIC ACID USING CATALYST

The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), which is a catalyst for carboxylation of a furan-based compound containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group or a derivative thereof and is configured such that noble metal nanoparticles are incorporated into a spinel-type support, and to a method of preparing 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), including carboxylating a furan-based compound containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group or a derivative thereof in the presence of a catalyst configured such that noble metal nanoparticles are incorporated into a spinel-type support. 1. A catalyst for preparing 2 ,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) , which is a catalyst for carboxylation of a furan-based compound containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group or a derivative thereof and is configured such that noble metal nanoparticles are incorporated into a spinel-type support.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the spinel-type support is at least one selected from the group consisting of MnCoO claim 1 , CoMnO claim 1 , ZnAlO claim 1 , FeAlO claim 1 , CuFeO claim 1 , ZnMnO claim 1 , MnFeO claim 1 , FeO claim 1 , TiFeO claim 1 , ZnFeO claim 1 , MgSiO claim 1 , and FeSiO.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support has an average particle size (D) of 2.0 to 4.0 μm.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of platinum claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , and ruthenium.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the noble metal is ruthenium.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the furan-based compound is 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the derivative of the furan-based compound is 2-acetoxymethyl-5-furfural (AMF).8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the noble metal nanoparticles are used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt % based on a total weight of the catalyst.9. A method of preparing 2 claim 1 ,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) claim 1 , ...

CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR ENHANCING YIELD OF OLEFINS IN FLUID CATALYTIC CRACKING PROCESS (FCC)

The present invention provides a catalyst composition comprising rare earth exchanged USY zeolite (REUSY); pentasil zeolite; phosphorous compound; clay, silica, alumina, and spinel to enhance the catalytic activity and selectivity for light olefins in FCC operation conditions. The present invention also provides a process for the preparation of Light olefin enhancing catalyst composition with high propylene yield and coke selectivity. 1. A composite catalyst composition , comprising:about 10-25 wt % rare earth exchanged USY zeolite (REUSY);about 5-20 wt % stabilized pentasil zeolite;about 2-8 wt % phosphorous compound;about 20-45 wt % clay;about 5-25 wt % silica;about 10-35 wt % alumina; andabout 0.5 to 3 wt % mixed metal oxide selected from a group consisting of at least one of Group XI and XIII metals, and the wt % being based on total weight of the catalyst composition.2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide is a spinel.3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide comprises of oxides of metals selected from at least one of copper claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , aluminium claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pentasil zeolite is selected from a group consisting of ZSM-5 claim 1 , ZSM-11 claim 1 , mordenite claim 1 , and beta.5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the REUSY comprises of 0.1 to 5 wt % of rare earth oxide.6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the phosphorous compound is sourced from a group consisting of at least one of mono-ammonium phosphate claim 1 , di-ammonium phosphate claim 1 , and phosphoric acid.7. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the clay is selected from a group consisting of at least one of bentonite claim 1 , attapulgite claim 1 , and kaolinite.8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the silica is selected from at least one of sodium and ammonium stabilized colloidal ...

SHELL IMPREGNATED CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SHELL IMPREGNATED CATALYST BODY

A process for producing a catalyst, comprising the steps of modifying a carrier by a first impregnation with at least one alkaline earth metal in a first metal precursor solution, the first metal precursor being decomposed to form at least one metal oxide or metal hydroxide, thereby obtaining a modified carrier. A second impregnation is carried out by incipient wetness by a second precursor solution comprising at least one metal Me in a second solution. Finally, the second precursor is decomposed, thereby obtaining a catalyst body having an enrichment of the at least one metal Me in the outer shell of the catalyst body, the metal being present in a concentration having either as an egg-shell profile or a hammock profile. 1. A process for producing a catalyst , said process comprising the steps of:providing a carrier,modifying said carrier by a first impregnation with at least one alkaline earth metal in a first metal precursor solution,decomposing the first metal precursor to form at least one metal oxide or metal hydroxide thereby obtaining a modified carrier,carrying out a second impregnation by incipient wetness by a second precursor solution comprising at least one metal Me in a second solution, anddecomposing the second precursor thereby obtaining a catalyst body having an enrichment of the at least one metal Me in the outer shell of the catalyst body, said at least one metal being present in a concentration having either an egg-shell profile and/or a hammock profile.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier is alumina spinel and/or calcium aluminate.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein carrier has a pore volume 200-400 ml/kg claim 1 , and/or BET surface area 2-50 m/g.4. A process according to claim 1 , comprising repeating the second impregnation one or more times.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the first precursor solution is a nitrate claim 1 , carbonate or hydroxide of the alkaline earth metals.6. A process according to ...

Thermally Stable Zero-PGM Three Way Catalyst with High Oxygen Storage Capacity

The present disclosure describes ZPGM catalyst material compositions having significantly high oxygen storage capacity for a plurality of TWC applications. The disclosed ZPGM catalyst material compositions include a Cu—Mn spinel deposited on doped Zirconia support oxide. The disclosed ZPGM catalyst material compositions exhibit significant high OSC stability properties after fuel cut aging. The improved thermal stability and OSC properties of the disclosed ZPGM catalyst material compositions are determined by performing a standard isothermal oscillating OSC tests. Fresh and aged ZPGM catalyst material compositions are employed within the standard isothermal oscillating OSC test, over multiple reducing/oxidizing cycles at a temperature of about 575° C.

Stability of Doped-Zirconia as Support Oxide for Copper-Manganese Zero-PGM Catalysts

The present disclosure describes bulk powder Zero-PGM material compositions including a CuMnOspinel structure supported on doped zirconia support oxides powders, including Ba, Sr, and Ti at different dopant loadings produced by different conventional synthetic methods. BET-surface area and XRD analysis are performed for a plurality of doped zirconia support oxides to compare the thermal stability, before and after deposition of Cu—Mn spinel. Additionally, bulk powder ZPGM catalyst compositions are subjected to a steady-state isothermal sweep test to determine NO conversion capabilities. The selected support oxide material compositions are capable of providing increased surface areas for improved thermal stability leading to a more effective utilization of ZPGM catalyst materials with enhanced NO conversion and improved thermal stability for TWC applications. 1. A support oxide for a catalytic composition , comprising a zirconia doped by at least one selected from the group consisting of Ba , Sr , and Ti.2. The support oxide of claim 1 , wherein the zirconia is doped by Ba to form a BaO—ZrOsupport oxide.3. The support oxide of claim 2 , wherein the BaO—ZrOsupport oxide comprises about 0.5% to about 50% by weight BaO.4. The support oxide of claim 3 , wherein the BaO—ZrOsupport oxide comprises about 5% to about 10% by weight BaO.5. The support oxide of claim 3 , wherein the BaO—ZrOsupport oxide comprises about 5% by weight BaO.6. The support oxide of claim 1 , wherein the zirconia is doped by Sr to form a SrO—ZrOsupport oxide.7. The support oxide of claim 6 , wherein the SrO—ZrOsupport oxide comprises about 0.5% to about 50% by weight SrO.8. The support oxide of claim 7 , wherein the SrO—ZrOsupport oxide comprises about 5% to about 10% by weight SrO.9. The support oxide of claim 7 , wherein the SrO—ZrOsupport oxide comprises about 5% by weight SrO.10. The support oxide of claim 7 , wherein the SrO—ZrOsupport oxide comprises about 10% by weight SrO.11. A catalytic ...

Influence of Base Metal Loadings on TWC Performance of ZPGM Catalysts

Influence of a plurality of base metal loadings on TWC performance of ZPGM catalysts for TWC applications is disclosed. ZPGM catalyst samples are prepared and configured with washcoat on ceramic substrate, overcoat including doped Zirconia support oxide, and impregnation layer of Cu—Mn spinel with different base metal loadings. Testing of ZPGM catalyst samples including variations of base metal loadings is developed under isothermal steady state sweep test condition to evaluate the influence of variations of base metal loadings on TWC performance in NO X conversion. As a result of increasing Cu—Mn base metal loadings, improvements of lean NO X conversion and oxygen storage capacity may be realized at higher base metal loading ratios. The ZPGM catalyst samples exhibiting higher NO X conversion and OSC are compared with commercial PGM catalyst samples under lean condition. OSC isothermal oscillating tests are carried out to confirm the increase in OSC property of samples, as well as TWC performance, both correlated to increasing base metal loadings that may further improve TWC performance.

NOVEL CATALYTIC PROCESS FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

Supported oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalysts, methods of making the catalysts, and uses thereof are described. A supported OCM) catalyst can include a nonporous inert support having a high thermal conductivity and an OCM mixed metal oxide material in contact with surface of the nonporous inert support. 1. A supported oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst comprising:a nonporous inert support having a high thermal conductivity; andan OCM mixed metal oxide material in contact with surface of the nonporous inert support.2. The supported OCM catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide material is a p-type semiconductor material.3. The supported OCM catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the nonporous support has a thermal conductivity of 50 to 500 W/m-K claim 1 , 75 to 300 W/m-K claim 1 , or 100 to 200 W/m-K.4. The supported OCM catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the support is nonporous silicon carbide (SiC) having a thermal conductivity of 50 to 200 W/m-K claim 1 , or 50 to 150 W/m-K.5. The supported OCM catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide material is adhered to claim 1 , or coated on claim 1 , at least a portion of the surface of the nonporous inert support.6. The supported OCM catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide material forms a layer that covers at least a portion of the surface of the nonporous inert support that is 0.1 to up to 100 microns thick claim 1 , preferably 1 to 50 microns thick.7. The supported OCM catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the mixed metal oxide material comprises at least one lanthanide doped with at least one of a Column 2 metal claim 1 , a Column 4 metal claim 1 , a Column 13 metal claim 1 , or any oxide thereof.8. The supported OCM catalyst of claim 7 , wherein the lanthanide is lanthanum (La) claim 7 , cerium (Ce) claim 7 , ytterbium (Yb) claim 7 , neodymium (Nd) claim 7 , promethium (Pm) claim 7 , samarium (Sm) claim 7 , europium (Eu) claim 7 , gadolinium (Gd) claim 7 , terbium (Tb) claim 7 , ...

EXHAUST GAS-PURIFYING CATALYST

An exhaust gas-purifying catalyst includes a support and a catalytic metal supported thereby. The support includes a composite oxide represented by AO.xBCO, wherein A represents at least one of an element having a valence of 1 and an element having a valence of 2, B represents an element having a valence of 3, C represents one or more elements selected from iridium, ruthenium, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, and tungsten, x represents a numerical value of 1 to 6, and a represents a numerical value greater than 0 and less than 2. The catalytic metal includes one or more precious metals selected from rhodium, palladium, and platinum. 1. An exhaust gas-purifying catalyst comprising:{'sub': 2-α', 'α', '3, 'a support including a composite oxide having a composition represented by a general formula AO.xBCO, wherein A represents at least one of an element having a valence of 1 and an element having a valence of 2, B represents an element having a valence of 3, C represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of iridium, ruthenium, tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, and tungsten, x represents a numerical value within a range of 1 to 6, and α represents a numerical value greater than 0 and less than 2; and'}a catalytic metal supported by the support and including one or more precious metals selected from the group consisting of rhodium, palladium, and platinum.2. The exhaust gas-purifying catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of an amount of the element C contained in the composite oxide to a total amount of the element C contained in the exhaust gas-purifying catalyst is 3 atomic % or more.3. The exhaust gas-purifying catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the element A is one or more elements selected from group consisting of magnesium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , strontium claim 1 , and barium.4. The exhaust gas-purifying catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the element B is at least one of aluminum and iron.5. The exhaust gas-purifying ...

REFRACTORY MIXED-METAL OXIDES AND SPINEL COMPOSITIONS FOR THERMO-CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF BIOMASS

A process for biomass catalytic cracking is disclosed herein. More specifically, the process is in presence of is a mixed metal oxide catalyst represented by the formula (XO).(XO).(XYO) wherein X, Xand Xare alkaline earth elements selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and mixture thereof, and Y is a metal selected from the group of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P and mixture thereof, wherein the catalyst is formed by calcining at least one compound comprising at least one alkaline earth element and a metal element. 1. A method of forming a catalyst system , the method comprising:(a) combining one or more compounds comprising an element selected from the group including alkaline earth element X and a metal element Y, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and combinations thereof, and Y is selected from the group consisting of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P, Ti, Zn and combinations thereof,(b) mixing the one or more compounds to form a mixture; and(c) calcining the mixture thereby forming a catalyst system,{'sub': 1', '2', 'a', '3', 'b', '4', '1', '2', '3, 'wherein the catalyst system comprises a composition represented by the formula (XO).(XO).(XYO), wherein X, Xand Xare alkaline earth elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and mixture thereof, and wherein a is 0 or 1 and b is 0, 1 or 2.'}2. A method of forming a catalyst system , the method comprising:(a) combining one or more compounds comprising an element selected from the group including alkaline earth element X and a metal element Y, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Be, Ba, and combinations thereof, and Y is selected from the group consisting of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Ga, B, La, P, Ti, Zn and combinations thereof, and{'sub': 1', '2', 'a', '3', 'b', '4', '1', '2', '3, '(b) precipitating the one or more compounds, thereby forming a catalyst system, wherein the catalyst system comprises a composition represented by the ...

Catalyst comprising a boron-doped active phase

A catalyst containing an active phase comprising at least one metal of group VIIIB selected from cobalt, nickel, ruthenium and iron deposited on a support containing silica, alumina and at least one simple spinel MAl2O4 or mixed spinel MxM′(1−x)Al2O4) which is or is not partial, wherein M and M′ are separate metals selected from the group formed by magnesium, copper, cobalt, nickel, tin, zinc, lithium, calcium, caesium, sodium, potassium, iron and manganese, and wherein x is between 0 and 1, the values 0 and 1 being themselves excluded, characterised in that said active phase further comprises boron, the boron content being between 0.001% and 0.5% by weight with respect to the total weight of the catalyst, the value 0.5 being itself excluded.

EXHAUST SYSTEM

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, the exhaust system comprising, a lean NOtrap, a NOstorage and reduction zone on a wall flow monolithic substrate having a pre-coated porosity of 50% or greater, the NOstorage and reduction zone comprising a platinum group metal loaded on one or more first support, the or each first support comprising one or more alkaline earth metal compound, and a selective catalytic reduction zone on a monolithic substrate, the selective catalytic reduction zone comprising copper or iron loaded on a second support, the second support comprising a molecular sieve. 1. An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine , the exhaust system comprising ,{'sub': 'x', 'a. a lean NOtrap,'}{'sub': x', 'x, 'b. a NOstorage and reduction zone on a wall flow monolithic substrate having a pre-coated porosity of 50% or greater, the NOstorage and reduction zone comprising a platinum group metal loaded on one or more first support, the or each first support comprising one or more alkaline earth metal compound, and'}c. a selective catalytic reduction zone on a monolithic substrate, the selective catalytic reduction zone comprising copper or iron loaded on a second support, the second support comprising a molecular sieve.2. An exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein the NOx storage and reduction zone is on a first wall flow monolithic substrate and the selective catalytic reduction zone is on a second monolithic substrate.3. An exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage and reduction zone and the selective catalytic reduction zone are each on portions of the same wall flow monolithic substrate.4. An exhaust system according to claim 3 , wherein the NOstorage and reduction zone is disposed in channels of the wall flow monolithic substrate from one end thereof and the selective catalytic reduction zone is disposed in channels of the wall flow monolithic substrate from the other end thereof.5. An exhaust system according to ...

METHOD FOR ENGINEERED CELLULAR MAGMATICS FOR FILTER APPLICATIONS AND ARTICLES THEREOF

Methods for engineered cellular magmatic usable as filter media and articles thereof are disclosed. For example, the magmatics may include one or more infiltration materials that are configured not to sinter when a foamed mass is formed. The infiltration materials may be enclosed in cells of the foamed mass and may be floating and/or fixed to the cell walls. 1. An article of manufacture , comprising: a non-crystalline portion; and', 'a crystalline portion that is bound to the non-crystalline portion, in line with the definition of glass ceramics; and, 'a rigid foam mass being composed of at least one silicate based component and havinga reactive material disposed within and enclosed by pores of at least a portion of at least one of the non-crystalline portion or the crystalline portion, the reactive material causing the rigid foam mass to exhibit filtration media properties.2. The article of manufacture of claim 1 , wherein the rigid foam mass includes a majoritively open cell structure.3. The article of manufacture of claim 1 , wherein the reactive material includes at least one of alumina claim 1 , bauxite claim 1 , sodium aluminate claim 1 , periclase claim 1 , hematite claim 1 , wüstite claim 1 , magnetite claim 1 , enamel claim 1 , zircon claim 1 , zirconium dioxide claim 1 , silicon carbide claim 1 , silicon nitride claim 1 , garnet claim 1 , spinel claim 1 , kaolin claim 1 , clays claim 1 , zeolites claim 1 , incinerator ash claim 1 , or pyrolysis ash.4. The article of manufacture of claim 1 , wherein the reactive material includes a surface chemistry configured to resist incorporation of the metal oxide material into a wall of the pores.5. An article of manufacture claim 1 , comprising: at least one of a non-crystalline portion or a crystalline portion bound to the non-crystalline portion; and', 'a reactive material disposed within pores of at least a portion of the at least one of the non-crystalline portion or the crystalline portion., 'an engineered foam ...

Targeted desulfurization process and apparatus integrating gas phase oxidative desulfurization and hydrodesulfurization to produce diesel fuel having an ultra-low level of organosulfur compounds

Desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds is achieved by flashing the feed at a target cut point temperature to obtain two fractions. A first fraction contains refractory organosulfur compounds, which boils at or above the target cut point temperature. A second fraction boiling below the target cut point temperature is substantially free of refractory sulfur-containing compounds. The second fraction is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone operating under mild conditions to reduce the quantity of organosulfur compounds to an ultra-low level. The first fraction is contacted with gaseous oxidizing agent over an oxidation catalyst having a formula Cu x Zn 1-x Al 2 O 4 in a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction zone to convert the refractory organosulfur compounds to SO x and low sulfur hydrocarbons. The by-product SO x is subsequently removed, producing a stream containing a reduced level of organo sulfur compounds.

EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING CATALYST FOR SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF NOX AND EXHAUST GAS PURIFYING METHOD

An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust gas purifying catalyst for selective reduction of NOx, where the NOx adsorption capacity under low temperature, for example, at the time of engine starting, is improved and the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) activity is enhanced, and an exhaust gas purifying method using the catalyst.

Cobalt Containing Bimetallic Zero PGM Catalyst for TWC Applications

Variations of bulk powder catalyst material including Cu—Co, Fe—Co, and Co—Mn spinel systems for ZPGM TWC applications are disclosed. The disclosed bulk powder catalyst samples include stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Cu—Co, Fe—Co, and Co—Mn spinels on PrO—ZrOsupport oxide, prepared using incipient wetness method. Activity measurements under isothermal steady state sweep test condition may be performed rich to lean condition. Catalytic activity of bulk powder samples may be compared to analyze the influence that different bimetallic spinel compositions may have on TWC performance, including ZPGM materials for a plurality of TWC applications. Stoichiometric Cu—Co, Fe—Co, and Co—Mn spinel systems exhibit higher catalytic activity than non-stoichiometric Cu—Co, Fe—Co, and Co—Mn spinel systems. The influence of stoichiometric Cu—Co, Fe—Co, and Co—Mn spinel systems may lead into cost effective manufacturing solutions for ZPGM TWC systems. 1. A catalytic composition , comprising:an oxygen storage material, comprising:a binary spinel on a doped zirconia support oxide;wherein the oxygen storage material converts at least one of NO, CO and HC through oxidation or reduction.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the binary spinel is stoichiometric.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the binary spinel is non-stoichiometric.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the binary spinel comprises Co.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the general formula for the binary spinel is selected from the group consisting of Co—Cu claim 1 , Co—Fe claim 1 , and Co—Mn.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the general formula for the binary spinel is ABO claim 1 , wherein 01.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the general formula for the binary spinel is selected from the group consisting of CuCoO claim 1 , FeCOOand CoMnO.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the binary spinel is combined with the support oxide by incipient wetness (IW) method.9. A catalytic composition ...

Zero PGM Catalyst Including Cu-Co-Mn Ternary Spinel for TWC Applications

Variations of ZPGM bulk powder catalyst materials, including Cu—Co—Mn ternary spinel systems for TWC applications are disclosed. Bulk powder catalyst samples are prepared employing a plurality of molar ratio variations, including disclosed Cu—Co—Mn spinel on Praseodymium-Zirconia support oxide made by incipient wetness method, or Cu—Co—Mn spinel on Niobium-Zirconia support oxide, which may be synthesized by co-precipitation method. A plurality of bulk powder catalyst samples may be tested by performing isothermal steady state sweep test, employing a flow reactor at inlet temperature of about 450° C., and testing a gas stream from lean to rich condition and influence on TWC performance measured/analyzed, which may lead into significant improvements in the manufacturing of ZPGM bulk powder catalyst materials for TWC applications. 17.-. (canceled)913.-. (canceled)1517.-. (canceled)18. The composition of or , wherein the Cu—Co—Mn spinel has the general formula (CuCo)MnOwhere 0.1≦X≦0.3.19. The composition of or , wherein the Cu—Co—Mn spinel has the formula CuCoMnO.20. The composition of or , wherein the Cu—Co—Mn spinel has the formula (CuCo)MnO.21. The composition of or , wherein the Mn of the Cu—Co—Mn spinel is in the spinel B site.22. The composition of or , wherein the oxygen storage material is calcined at about 800° C.23. The composition of or , wherein the oxygen storage material is calcined at about 600° C.24. The composition of or , wherein the spinel A site of Cu—Co—Mn is selected from Cu or Co. N/A1. Field of the DisclosureThe present disclosure may provide Zero-PGM (ZPGM) catalyst materials, which may include stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric Cu—Co—Mn spinel in the form of powder to use for three-way catalyst (TWC) applications.2. Background InformationTWC have utility in a number of fields including the treatment of exhaust gas streams from internal combustion engines, such as automobile, truck and other types of vehicles. Emission standards for unburned ...

Bimetallic Synergized PGM Catalyst Systems for TWC Application

Bimetallic Synergized Platinum Group Metals (SPGM) catalyst systems for TWC application are disclosed. Disclosed bimetallic SPGM catalyst systems may include a washcoat with a Cu—Mn spinel structure and an overcoat that includes PGMs, such as Pd/Rh or Pt/Rh supported on carrier material oxides, such as alumina. Bimetallic SPGM catalyst systems show significant improvement in nitrogen oxide reduction performance under lean operating conditions, which allows a reduced consumption of fuel. Additionally, disclosed bimetallic SPGM catalyst systems exhibit enhanced catalytic activity for carbon monoxide conversion. Furthermore, bimetallic SPGM catalyst systems are found to have enhanced catalytic activity for fresh, hydrothermally aged and fuel cut aged conditions compared to PGM catalyst system, showing that there is a synergistic effect between PGM catalyst and Cu—Mn spinel within the disclosed SPGM catalyst system which help in performance and thermal stability of disclosed SPGM catalyst systems. 1. A bimetallic synergized platinum group metals (SPGM) catalyst system comprising:a) an overcoat comprising a bimetallic PGM catalyst;{'sub': '2', 'b) a washcoat comprising a CU—Mn spinel supported on doped ZrOsupport oxide; and'}c) a substrate.2. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a ceramic material.3. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein the bimetallic PGM catalyst is supported on a carrier material oxide.4. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 3 , wherein the carrier material oxide is AlO.5. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the bimetallic PGM catalyst is palladium/rhodium or platinum/rhodium.6. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the bimetallic PGM catalyst comprises about 0.5 g/ftof each metal.7. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the doped ZrOsupport oxide is NbO—ZrO.8. The bimetallic SPGM catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the Cu ...

COBALT CATALYST COMPRISING A SUPPORT COMPRISING A MIXED OXIDE PHASE INCLUDING COBALT AND/OR NICKEL PRODUCED FROM AN ORGANIC COMPOUND FROM THE FAMILY OF CARBOYXYANHYDRIDES

The present invention relates to a catalyst containing an active cobalt phase, deposited on a support comprising alumina, silica or silica-alumina, said support containing a mixed oxide phase containing cobalt and/or nickel, said catalyst has been prepared by introducing at least one organic compound of the family of carboxyanhydrides. The invention also relates to the process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof in the field of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis processes. 1. A catalyst containing an active cobalt phase , deposited on a support comprising alumina , silica or silica-alumina , said support containing a mixed oxide phase containing cobalt and/or nickel , said catalyst being prepared by a process comprising at least: 'then carrying out', 'a) a step of bringing a support comprising alumina, silica or silica-alumina into contact with at least one solution containing at least one precursor of cobalt and/or of nickel, then drying at a temperature below 200° C. and calcining at a temperature of between 700° C. and 1200° C., so as to obtain a mixed oxide phase containing cobalt and/or nickel in the support,'}b) a step of bringing said support containing said mixed oxide phase into contact with at least one solution containing at least one precursor of cobalt, 'steps b) and c) being able to be performed separately, in any order, or at the same time,', 'c) a step of bringing said support containing said mixed oxide phase into contact with at least one organic compound of the family of carboxyanhydrides,'}d) then carrying out a step of drying at a temperature below 200° C.2. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the content of mixed oxide phase in the support is between 0.1% and 50% by weight relative to the weight of the support.3. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed oxide phase comprises an aluminate of formula CoAlOor NiAlOin the case of a support based on alumina or on silica-alumina.4. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , ...

COBALT CATALYST COMPRISING A SUPPORT COMPRISING A MIXED OXIDE PHASE INCLUDING COBALT AND/OR NICKEL PRODUCED FROM AN ETHER COMPOUND

The present invention relates to a catalyst containing an active cobalt phase, deposited on a support comprising alumina, silica or silica-alumina, said support containing a mixed oxide phase containing cobalt and/or nickel, said catalyst has been prepared by introducing at least one ether organic compound comprising not more than two ether functions and not comprising a hydroxyl group. The invention also relates to the process for the preparation thereof, and to the use thereof in the field of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis processes. 1. A catalyst containing an active cobalt phase , deposited on a support comprising alumina , silica or silica-alumina , said support containing a mixed oxide phase containing cobalt and/or nickel , said catalyst being prepared by a process comprising at least:a) a step of bringing a support comprising alumina, silica or silica-alumina into contact with at least one solution containing at least one precursor of cobalt and/or of nickel, then drying at a temperature below 200° C. and calcining at a temperature of between 700° C. and 1200° C., so as to obtain a mixed oxide phase containing cobalt and/or nickel in the support,then carrying outb) a step of bringing said support containing said mixed oxide phase into contact with at least one solution containing at least one precursor of cobalt, 'steps b) and c) being able to be performed separately, in any order, or at the same time,', 'c) a step of bringing said support containing said mixed oxide phase into contact with at least one ether organic compound comprising not more than two ether functions and not comprising a hydroxyl group,'}d) then carrying out a step of drying at a temperature below 200° C.2. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the content of mixed oxide phase in the support is between 0.1% and 50% by weight relative to the weight of the support.3. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed oxide phase comprises an aluminate of formula CoAlOor NiAlOin the ...

MULTI-TRANSITION METAL DOPED COPPER-COBALT SPINEL CATALYST MATERIAL FOR NOX DECOMPOSITION

Catalysts including multi-transition metal doped copper-cobalt spinel mixed oxide catalyst materials for direct NOdecomposition with selectivity to Nfrom combustion engine exhaust, while minimizing formation of the NO product. In one example, the catalyst may include a ternary zinc-doped copper-cobalt spinel material or a quaternary manganese+zinc doped copper-cobalt spinel material. The catalysts are effective for reducing NO to Nat suitable temperatures of 350-500° C., with and without excess Opresence. 1. A catalyst for direct NOx decomposition from an exhaust gas stream , the catalyst comprising a zinc doped copper-cobalt spinel material having the formula: ZnCuCoO , wherein 0.01≤a≤0.4 , and 0.01≤b≤1.5.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein 0.01≤a≤0.3.3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein 0.01≤b≤1.0.4. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the zinc doped copper-cobalt spinel material is selected from the group consisting of:{'sub': 0.1', '0.2', '2.7', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.1', '0.4', '2.5', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.1', '0.5', '2.4', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.1', '0.6', '2.3', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.1', '0.7', '2.2', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.2', '0.2', '2.6', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.2', '0.3', '2.5', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.2', '0.4', '2.4', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.2', '0.5', '2.3', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.2', '0.6', '2.2', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.3', '0.3', '2.4', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.3', '0.4', '2.3', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.3', '0.5', '2.2', '4, 'ZnCuCoO,'}{'sub': 0.3', '0.6', '2.1', '4, 'ZnCuCoO, and'}{'sub': 0.3', '0.7', '2', '4, 'ZnCuCoO.'}5. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the zinc doped copper-cobalt spinel material has the formula ZnCuCoO.6. A catalyst for direct NOx decomposition from an exhaust gas stream claim 1 , the catalyst comprising a manganese+zinc doped copper-cobalt spinel material having the formula: MnZnCuCoO claim 1 , wherein 0.01≤x≤0.3 claim 1 , 0.01≤a≤0.4 claim 1 , and 0.01≤b≤1.5.7. The ...

MULTI-ZONED SYNERGIZED-PGM CATALYSTS FOR TWC APPLICATIONS

Multi-zoned synergized-platinum group metals (SPGM) catalysts with significant catalytic capabilities are disclosed. The multi-zoned SPGM catalysts are produced according to catalyst configurations including OC layers of ultra-low PGM loadings, alone or in combination with a base metal oxide, which are deposited onto either mixtures of doped ZrOand oxygen storage materials (OSM) or OSM alone. Further, the multi-zoned SPGM catalysts further include zoned impregnation layers with PGM, alone or in combination with Ba loadings. Additionally, three-zoned SPGM catalysts are produced including front and back zone catalysts that include binary spinel oxide compositions. Conversion performance of the aged SPGM catalysts and an aged PGM-based OEM catalyst are tested employing TWC low perturbation isothermal oscillating, isothermal steady-state sweep, and light-off test methodologies. Test results confirm the SPGM catalysts including ultra-low PGM loadings and spinel-based ZPGM WC layer are capable of providing significant conversion performance that is comparable to high PGM-based OEM catalyst. 1. A catalyst system for treating an exhaust stream of a combustion engine , comprising:a front zone catalyst region and a back zone catalyst region disposed downstream of the front zone catalyst region, wherein the front zone catalyst region comprises:a substrate;a washcoat layer overlying the substrate;an impregnation layer overlying the washcoat layer, the impregnation layer comprising a platinum group metal;a zoned-impregnation layer overlying the impregnation layer, the zoned-impregnation layer including an inlet zone and an outlet zone downstream of the inlet zone, the inlet zone comprising a platinum group metal and the outlet zone comprising a blank zone; andan overcoat layer overlying the zoned-impregnation layer and comprising iron activated rhodium and a rare earth element-based oxygen storage material;the back zone catalyst region comprising:a substrate;{'sub': X', '3-X', ' ...

Butadiene preparation method providing excellent catalyst reproducibility

A method of preparing butadiene that includes supplying butene, oxygen, nitrogen, and steam into a reactor filled with a metal oxide catalyst, and performing an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction at a temperature of 300 to 450° C. as a reaction step; after the reaction step, maintaining supplying the butene, oxygen, nitrogen, and steam within a range within which the flow rate change of the butene, oxygen, nitrogen, and steam is less than ±40%, or stopping supplying the butene, and cooling the reactor to a temperature range of 200° C. or lower and higher than 70° C. as a first cooling step; and after the first cooling step, stopping supplying the butene, oxygen, nitrogen, and steam or stopping at least supplying the butene, and cooling the reactor to a temperature of 70° C. or lower as a second cooling step.

ZINC MANGANESE-IRON SPINEL WITH AN ALKALI METAL STABILIZER AS AN OXYGEN STORAGE MATERIAL RESISTANT TO RICH/LEAN AGING

An oxygen storage material (OSM) includes a zinc manganese iron oxide (ZMF) and an alkali metal base on the ZMF surface. The ZMF has a spinel structure. The alkali metal containing ZMF can be formed to have a weight percent of alkali metal up to about two percent. The alkali metal carbonate is retained on the ZMF surface upon heating to a temperature greater than 1,000° C. and stabilizes the ZMF to the cycling of an oxygen rich and oxygen lean atmosphere. The OSM additionally catalyzes the oxidation of hydrocarbons and CO and catalyzes the reduction of NOfor use in catalytic converters. 1. An oxygen storage material (OSM) comprising;a zinc manganese iron oxide (ZMF); andan alkali metal base on at least a portion of a surface of the ZMF,wherein the alkali metal base is retained on the at least a portion of the surface of the ZMF upon heating to a temperature greater than 1,000° C.2. The oxygen storage material according to claim 1 , wherein the ZMF has a spinel structure and comprises ZnMnFeO claim 1 , where x is 0.01 to 0.9.3. The oxygen storage material according to claim 1 , wherein the ZMF has a spinel structure and comprises ZnMnFeO.4. The oxygen storage material according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal base comprises one or more of lithium carbonate claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , potassium carbonate claim 1 , rubidium carbonate claim 1 , and cesium carbonate.5. The oxygen storage material according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal base comprises sodium carbonate.6. The oxygen storage material according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal base comprises rubidium carbonate.7. The oxygen storage material according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal base is about 0.3 to about 2 weight percent of the OSM.8. The oxygen storage material according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal base is about one weight percent of the OSM.9. The oxygen storage material according to claim 1 , wherein the OSM displays an α-FeOsurface content.10. The oxygen ...

Catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation, method of preparing catalyst, and method of performing oxidative dehydrogenation using catalyst

Provided is a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation, a method of preparing the catalyst, and a method of performing oxidative dehydrogenation using the catalyst. The catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation has improved durability and fillability by including a porous support coated with a metal oxide (AB 2 O 4 ) according to Equation 1: X wt %+ Y wt %=100 wt %,  <Equation 1> wherein X is a content of AB 2 O 4 and is 5 or more and less than 30, and Y is a content of the porous support and is more than 70 and 95 or less, wherein the metal oxide exhibits activity during oxidative dehydrogenation. Therefore, when the catalyst is used in oxidative dehydrogenation of butene, the conversion rate of butene and the selectivity and yield of butadiene may be greatly improved.

ZPGM Catalyst Including Co-Mn-Fe and Cu-Mn-Fe Materials for TWC Applications

Variations of bulk powder catalyst materials, including a plurality of formulations for stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Co_Mn—Fe spinel and Cu—Mn—Fe spinel, which may be prepared by incipient wetness method, employing variations of molar ratio and general formulation (CoFeMn)O, and CoMnFeOspinel supported on doped ZrOsupport oxide. According to principles in present disclosure, a plurality of formulations for fine grain bulk powder compositions of Cu—Mn—Fe spinel with general formulation of CuMnFeO, may provide solutions for enhanced NOx, CO, and HC conversion performance for TWC applications, employing ZPGM materials for a plurality of TWC applications. Additionally, these types of ternary ZPGM fine grain bulk powder spinel compositions may have a cost effective manufacturing advantage. 1. A catalytic composition , comprising:an oxygen storage material, comprising:Co_Mn—Fe spinel on a doped zirconia support oxide;wherein the oxygen storage material converts at least one of NO, CO and HC through oxidation or reduction.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the Co_Mn—Fe spinel is stoichiometric.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the Co_Mn—Fe spinel is non-stoichiometric.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the Co_Mn—Fe spinel is applied to the support oxide by incipient wetness (IW) method.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the Co_Mn—Fe spinel has the general formula (CoFeMn)O claim 1 , wherein Fe/Mn=0.5 claim 1 , x+3z=1 claim 1 , and 0≦δ≦0.2.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the Co_Mn—Fe spinel has the general formula CoMnFeOwherein 0≦x≦1.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the Co_Mn—Fe spinel has the general formula CuMnFeOwherein x+y+z=3.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the doped zirconia comprises PrO—ZrO.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the Fe of the Co_Mn—Fe spinel is in the spinel B site.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage material is calcined at about 800° C.11. The composition of claim 10 , ...

ADDITIVES FOR GAS PHASE OXIDATIVES DESULFURIZATION CATALYSTS

A composition useful in oxidative desulphurization of gaseous hydrocarbons is described. It comprises a CuZnAl—O mixed oxide, and an H form of a zeolite. The mixed oxide can contain one or more metal oxide promoters. The H form of the zeolite can be desilicated, and can also contain one or more transition metals. 1. A composition useful in oxidative desulfurization of gaseous , sulfur containing hydrocarbons , (i) a CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component comprising nominal copper oxide in an amount ranging from 10 weight percent (wt %) to 50 wt % , zinc oxide in an amount ranging from 5 wt % to less than 20 wt % , and aluminum oxide in an amount ranging from 20 wt % to 70 wt % , wherein said catalytic composition has a highly dispersed spinel oxide phase with a formula CuZnAlOwherein x ranges from 0 to 1 , dispersed crystalline ZnO and CaO , and (ii) at least one zeolite in , desilicated H form.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component is in granular form.3. The composition of claim 2 , formed as a cylinder claim 2 , a sphere claim 2 , a trilobe claim 2 , or a quatrolobe.4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein granules of said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component have a diameter of from 1 mm to 4 mm.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component has a surface area of from 10 m/g to 100 m/g.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the total pore volume of said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component is from about 0.1 cm/g to about 0.5 cm/g.7. The composition of claim 1 , said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component comprises from 20 wt % to 45 wt % CuO claim 1 , from 10 wt % to less than 20 wt % ZnO claim 1 , and from 20 wt % to 70 wt % of AlO.8. The composition of claim 7 , said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component comprising from 30 wt % to 45 wt % CuO claim 7 , from 12 wt % to less than 20 wt % ZnO claim 7 , and from 20 wt % to 40 wt % AlO.9. The composition of claim 5 , said CuZnAl—O mixed oxide component having a surface area of from 50 m ...

ZPGM Catalyst Systems and Methods of Making Same

Described are ZPGM catalyst systems which are free of any platinum group metals for reducing emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons in exhaust streams. ZPGM catalyst systems may include a substrate, a washcoat, and an overcoat. Both manganese and copper may be provided as catalysts, with copper in the overcoat and manganese preferably in the washcoat. The manganese can also be provided in the overcoat, but when in the overcoat should be stabilized for greatest effectiveness. A carrier material oxide may be included in both washcoat and overcoat. It has been discovered that the ZPGM catalyst systems are effective even without OSM in washcoat and the ZPGM catalysts within washcoat and overcoat may be best prepared by co-milling an aqueous slurry that includes manganese with alumina for the washcoat and copper and cerium salts with alumina and an OSM, for overcoat prior to overcoating and heat treating. Disclosed ZPGM TWC systems in catalytic converters may be employed to decrease the pollution caused by exhaust from various sources, such as automobiles, utility plants, processing and manufacturing plants, airplanes, trains, all-terrain vehicles, boats, mining equipment, and other engine-equipped machines.

System and Method for Two and Three Way ZPGM Catalyst

Disclosed here are material formulations of use in the conversion of exhaust gases, where the formulations may include Copper (Cu), Cerium (Ce), Tin (Sn), Niobium (Nb), Zirconium (Zr), Calcium (Ca) and combinations thereof.

NOx TRAP

A NOtrap catalyst is disclosed. The NOtrap catalyst comprises a noble metal, a NOstorage component, a support, and a first ceria-containing material. The first ceria-containing material is pre-aged prior to incorporation into the NOx trap catalyst, and may have a surface area of less than 80 m/g. The invention also includes exhaust systems comprising the NOtrap catalyst, and a method for treating exhaust gas utilizing the NOtrap catalyst. 120-. (canceled)21. A NOx trap catalyst comprising a first layer , the first layer comprising a first ceria-containing component having a surface area of less than 80 m/g , a Ba/Ce/magnesium-aluminate spinel; platinum; palladium; and alumina; anda second layer, the second layer comprising a second ceria-containing component having a higher surface area than the first ceria-containing component present in the first layer; rhodium; and alumina; anda substrate.22. The NOx trap catalyst of claim 21 , wherein the first ceria-containing material has a surface area of 40-75 m/g.23. The NOx trap catalyst of claim 22 , wherein the first ceria-containing material has a surface area of 55-70 m/g.24. The NOx trap catalyst of claim 21 , wherein the second layer further comprises platinum.25. The NOx trap catalyst of claim 21 , wherein the substrate is a flow-through monolith or a filter monolith.26. An emission treatment system for treating a flow of a combustion exhaust gas comprising the NOx trap catalyst of .27. The emission treatment system of claim 26 , further comprising a selective catalytic reduction catalyst system claim 26 , a particulate filter claim 26 , a selective catalytic reduction filter system claim 26 , a passive NOx adsorber claim 26 , a three-way catalyst system claim 26 , or combinations thereof. The invention relates to a NOtrap for exhaust systems for internal combustion engines, and a method for treating an exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.Internal combustion engines produce exhaust gases containing a ...

CATALYTIC COATINGS, METHODS OF MAKING AND USE THEREOF

Described herein are coatings. The coatings can, for example, catalyze carbon gasification. In some examples, the coatings comprise: a first region having a first thickness, the first region comprising manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination thereof, and CaWO, BaYWO, or a combination thereof; a second region having a second thickness, the second region comprising XWZ, XWZ, or a combination thereof, wherein X is independently Ni or a mixture of Ni and one or more transition metals and Z is independently Si, C, or a combination thereof. In some examples, the coatings further comprise a rare earth element, a rare earth oxide, or a combination thereof. 1. A coating comprising:{'sub': 4', '3', '2', '9, 'a first region having a first thickness, the first region comprising a manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination thereof, and CaWO, BaYWO, or a combination thereof;'}{'sub': 6', '6, 'a second region having a second thickness, the second region comprising XWZ, XWZ, or a combination thereof, wherein X is independently Ni or a mixture of Ni and one or more transition metals and Z is independently Si, C, or a combination thereof; and'}a rare earth element, a rare earth oxide, or a combination thereof.2. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the second region comprises Mn in an amount of from 3 wt % to 15 wt % claim 1 , based on the total weight of the second region.3. (canceled)4. The coating of claim 1 , wherein the second region comprises Si in an amount of from 1 wt % to 10 wt % claim 1 , based on the total weight of the second region.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. A coating comprising:{'sub': 4', '3', '2', '9, 'a first region having a first thickness, the first region comprising a manganese oxide, a chromium-manganese oxide, or a combination thereof, and CaWO, BaYWO, or a combination thereof; and'}{'sub': 6', '6, 'a second region having a second thickness, the second region comprising XWZ, XWZ, or a combination thereof, wherein X is ...

Influence of Support Oxide Materials on Coating Processes of ZPGM Catalyst Materials for TWC Applications

The influence of a plurality of support oxides on coating process for ZPGM catalysts is disclosed. ZPGM catalyst samples with washcoat on suitable ceramic substrate and overcoat including a plurality of support oxides are prepared including an impregnation layer of Cu—Mn spinel or overcoat may be prepared from powder of Cu—Mn spinel with support oxide. Testing of fresh and aged ZPGM catalyst samples is developed under isothermal steady state sweep test condition. Catalyst testing allows to determine effect of a plurality of support oxides on coating processes, TWC performance, and stability of ZPGM catalysts for a plurality of TWC applications. Stability of ZPGM-TWC systems may be improved by promotion of the activity of ZPGM materials incorporating support oxides. Improvements that may be provided by the combination of support oxides with ZPGM materials in the catalyst may lead to a most effective utilization of ZPGM materials in TWC converters.

OXYGEN CARRYING MATERIALS WITH SURFACE MODIFICATION FOR REDOX-BASED CATALYSIS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USES THEREOF

Redox catalysts having surface medication, methods of making redox catalysts with surface modification, and uses of the surface modified redox catalysts are provided. In some aspects, the redox catalysts include a core oxygen carrier region and an outer shell having an average thickness of about 1-100 monolayers surrounding the outer surface of the core region. 2. The redox catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrier comprises an oxide having a cubic crystal lattice structure claim 1 , wherein the oxide is selected from the group consisting of MgMnO claim 1 , CuPbOand NiMnO.3. The redox catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the oxide is MgMnO.4. The redox catalyst according to claim 1 , further comprising an alkali metal or an alkali metal-containing compound.5. The redox catalyst according to claim 1 , further comprising boron or a boron-containing compound.6. The redox catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the oxide comprises an alkaline earth metal.7. The redox catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the oxide comprises manganese claim 2 , wherein the manganese has a valence state selected from 4 claim 2 , 3 claim 2 , 8/3 claim 2 , and 2.8. The redox catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrier comprises:{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '4', '2', '2', '4', '11.5', '2', '4', '2', '4', '3', '3', '2', '10', '3', '3', '2, 'an oxide comprising at least one of NaBMgMnO, NaBMnMgO, NaMnO, LiMnO, MgMnBO, Mg(BO);'}a non-crystalline compound comprising oxygen; andat least one of sodium, boron, magnesium, manganese, and lithium.9. The redox catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen carrier comprises:{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '4', '2', '2', '4', '11.5', '2', '4', '2', '4', '3', '3', '2', '10', '3', '3', '2, 'an oxide comprising at least one of NaBMgMnO, NaBMnMgO, NaMnO, LiMnO, MgMnBO, Mg(BO);'}a non-crystalline compound comprising oxygen; andat least one of sodium, boron, magnesium, manganese, and lithium.10. The redox catalyst according to claim 1 ...

METHOD AND CATALYSTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AMMONIA SYNTHESIS GAS

In a process for the production of ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, comprising steam reforming of the feedstock and treatment of the synthesis gas obtained, the shift of the synthesis gas comprises two shift steps, both including stable catalysts, whereby the formation of hazardous by-products is avoided or at least reduced to an acceptable low level. The two shift steps can both be HTS, or they can be one HTS and one LTS or one HTS and one MTS. The catalyst used in the HTS and the LTS steps is based on zinc oxide and zinc aluminum spinel, and the catalyst used in the MTS and the LTS steps can be based on copper. 1. A process for the production of ammonia synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2, 'steam reforming of the feedstock, thereby obtaining a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen (H), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO), and'}{'sub': '2', 'treatment of the synthesis gas obtained, including shift of CO and subsequent removal of CO,'}whereinthe shift of the synthesis gas comprises two shift steps, andin both shift steps, stable catalysts based on zinc oxide and zinc aluminum spinel are used,whereby the formation of hazardous by-products is avoided or at least reduced to an acceptable low level.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the two shift steps both are high temperature shift (HTS) steps.3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the two shift steps are a step of high temperature shift (HTS) and a step of low temperature shift (LTS).4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the two shift steps are a step of high temperature shift (HTS) and a step of medium temperature shift (MTS).5. Process according to claim 3 , wherein the catalyst used in the medium temperature shift (MTS) step and in the low temperature shift (LTS) step is based on copper.6. Process according to claim 5 , wherein the carrier for the copper-based catalyst is zinc oxide.7. Process according to ...

PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF SULFUR TRIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

The present disclosure relates to a process for decomposition of sulfuric acid, particularly a process for catalytically decomposing sulfuric acid, to obtain sulfur dioxide therefrom. In the present process, catalysts play a major role for improving the dissociation efficiency by lowering the activation energy barrier for the reaction. 1. A process for conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphur dioxide and oxygen comprising , the process comprising;placing a catalyst composition in a reactor, wherein the catalyst composition comprises an active material selected from the group consisting of transitional metal oxide, mixed transitional metal oxide, and combinations thereof; and a support material selected from the group consisting of silica, titania, zirconia, carbides, and combinations thereof, wherein the active material to the support material weight ratio is in the range of 0.1 to 25 wt %;passing a flow of sulphur trioxide in the presence of an optionally used carrier gas over the catalyst composition at a temperature of 700° C.-900° C.; andrecovering stream comprising of sulphur trioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxygen, water, and the optionally used carrier gas.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transitional metal is selected from the group consisting of Cu claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , and Fe.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is transitional metal oxide selected from the group consisting oxides of Cu claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , and Fe.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is mixed transitional metal oxide selected from the group consisting of binary oxide claim 1 , a ternary oxide claim 1 , and a spinel.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is an oxide of Cu.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is an oxide of Cr.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active material is an oxide of Fe.8. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ...

Selective Hydrogenation Catalyst and Methods of Making and Using Same

A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A REFORMING CATALYST AND THE REFORMING OF METHANE

The present invention relates to a process for producing a catalyst for the reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, in the presence of CO, water and/or hydrogen. The production of the catalyst is based on contacting of a hydrotalcite-comprising starting material with a fusible metal salt. The compounds which have been brought into contact with one another are intimately mixed and treated thermally, resulting in the fusible metal salt forming a melt. After molding, the material is subjected to a high-temperature calcination step. The metal salt melt comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of K, La, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Ce, preferably Ni. The metal salt melt more preferably comprises nickel nitrate hexahydrate. In addition, the invention relates to the use of the catalyst of the invention for the reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably methane, in the presence of CO, water and/or hydrogen at elevated pressures which are greater than 5 bar, preferably greater than 10 bar, particularly preferably greater than 20 bar. The catalyst according to the invention is distinguished from the prior art by particular, preferred physicochemical properties. 117-. (canceled)18. A catalyst , comprising:nickel-magnesium mixed oxide;magnesium spinel; andoptionally aluminum oxide hydroxide,wherein the nickel-magnesium mixed oxide has an average crystallite size of ≦40 nm,the magnesium spinel has an average crystallite size of ≦40 nm,a proportion of nickel in the catalyst is in the range of 6-30 mol %,a proportion of magnesium in the catalyst is in the range of 23-35 mol %,a proportion of aluminum in the catalyst is in the range of 50-70 mol % andan intensity of the diffraction reflection of the catalyst at 43.09° 20 is less than an intensity of the diffraction reflection at 44.82° 2θ. The invention relates to a process for producing a catalyst and the use of the catalyst of the invention for the reforming of hydrocarbons, preferably a feed gas having a high ...

METHODS FOR GAS PHASE OXIDATIVE DESULPHURIZATION OF HYDROCARBONS USING CuZnAl CATALYSTS PROMOTED WITH GROUP VIB METALS

A catalytic composition is disclosed, which exhibits an X-ray amorphous oxide with a spinel formula, and crystals of ZnO, CuO, and at least one Group VIB metal oxide, and preferably, at least one acidic oxide of B, P. or Si, as well. The composition is useful in oxidative processes for removing sulfur from gaseous hydrocarbons. 1. A method for oxidizing sulfur in a sulfur containing hydrocarbon , comprising contacting a gaseous hydrocarbon to a catalytic composition , comprising copper oxide in an amount ranging from 10 weight percent (wt. %) to 50 wt. % , zinc oxide in an amount ranging from 5 wt. % to less than 20 wt. % , aluminum oxide in an amount ranging from 20 wt. % to 70 wt. % , and at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of a Group VIB metal oxide , wherein said catalytic composition has an X-ray amorphous oxide phase with a formula CuZnAlOwherein x ranges from 0 to 1 , crystalline ZnO and CuO in the presence of an oxygen containing gas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said promoter is Mo or W.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said promoter further comprises an acidic oxide of Si claim 1 , B claim 1 , or P.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said promoter is present in an amount up to 20 wt. % of said catalyst.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon is a gaseous hydrocarbon.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said oxygen containing gas is pure oxygen.7. The method of claim 1 , comprising oxidizing said hydrocarbon in the absence of hydrogen gas.8. The method of claim 1 , comprising oxidizing said hydrocarbon at a temperature greater than 300° C.9. The method of claim 3 , wherein said acidic oxide is BO.10. A process for making the catalytic composition of claim 1 , comprising:{'sub': 4', '2', '3', '2', '3', '4', '3, '(i) combining an aqueous solution containing each of copper nitrate, zinc nitrate, and aluminum nitrate with an alkaline solution containing NaOH and/or at least one of (NH)CO, NaCOand NHHCO, at a temperature of ...

Exhaust System

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine comprises a lean NOtrap, a NOstorage and reduction zone on a wall flow monolithic substrate having a pre-coated porosity of 50% or greater, the NOstorage and reduction zone comprising a platinum group metal loaded on one or more first support, the or each first support comprising one or more alkaline earth metal compound, and a selective catalytic reduction zone on a monolithic substrate, the selective catalytic reduction zone comprising copper or iron loaded on a second support, the second support comprising a molecular sieve. 1. An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine , the exhaust system comprising ,{'sub': 'x', 'a. a lean NOtrap,'}{'sub': x', 'x, 'b. a NOstorage and reduction zone on a wall flow monolithic substrate having a pre-coated porosity of 50% or greater, the NOstorage and reduction zone comprising a platinum group metal loaded on one or more first support, the or each first support comprising one or more alkaline earth metal compound, and'}c. a selective catalytic reduction zone on a monolithic substrate, the selective catalytic reduction zone comprising copper or iron loaded on a second support, the second support comprising a molecular sieve.2. The exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage and reduction zone is on a first wall flow monolithic substrate and the selective catalytic reduction zone is on a second monolithic substrate.3. The exhaust system according to claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage and reduction zone and the selective catalytic reduction zone are each on portions of the same wall flow monolithic substrate.4. The exhaust system according to claim 3 , wherein the NOstorage and reduction zone is disposed in channels of the wall flow monolithic substrate from one end thereof and the selective catalytic reduction zone is disposed in channels of the wall flow monolithic substrate from the other end thereof.5. The exhaust system according to claim 3 , wherein the ...

Oxidation Catalyst for Treating the Exhaust Gas of a Compression Ignition Engine

An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate.

COPPER-BASED CATALYST PRECURSOR, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME, AND HYDROGENATION METHOD

A copper-based catalyst precursor capable of achieving a high conversion ratio and high selectivity in the isomerization reaction of a β,γ-unsaturated alcohol portion and a method for producing the same and to provide a hydrogenation method in which the copper-based catalyst precursor is used are provided. Specifically, a copper-based catalyst precursor obtained by calcining a mixture containing copper, iron, aluminum, and calcium silicate in which an atomic ratio of iron and aluminum to copper [(Fe+Al)/Cu] is in a range of 1.71 to 2.5, an atomic ratio of aluminum to iron [Al/Fe] is in a range of 0.001 to 3.3, and calcium silicate is contained in a range of 15% by mass to 65% by mass at a temperature in a range of 500° C. to 1,000° C. and a hydrogenation method in which the copper-based catalyst precursor is used are provided. 1. A copper-based catalyst precursor , obtained by a process comprising: calcining a mixture comprising copper , iron , aluminum , and calcium silicate ,whereinan atomic ratio of iron and aluminum to copper [(Fe+Al)/Cu] is in a range of from 1.71 to 2.5,an atomic ratio of aluminum to iron [Al/Fe] is in a range of from 0.001 to 3.3, andthe mixture comprises calcium silicate in a range of from 15% by mass to 65% by mass at a temperature of from 500° C. to 1,000° C.2. The copper-based catalyst precursor according to claim 1 ,whereinthe mixture is a dried product of a coprecipitated mixture obtained by a process comprising: mixing a coprecipitate and calcium silicate, andthe coprecipitate is obtained by reacting a mixed aqueous solution comprising a water-soluble copper salt, a water-soluble iron salt, and a water-soluble aluminum salt with a basic aqueous solution.3. The copper-based catalyst precursor according to claim 1 ,wherein, in the calcium silicate, an atomic ratio of silicon to calcium [Si/Ca] is in a range of from 0.5 to 6.5.4. The copper-based catalyst precursor according to claim 2 ,{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein a BET specific surface area ...

NOx ADSORBER CATALYST

A NO x adsorber catalyst and its use in an emission treatment system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The NO x adsorber catalyst comprises a first layer consisting essentially of a support material, one or more platinum group metals disposed on the support material, and a NO x storage material.

THREE-WAY CATALYST

A three-way catalyst composition, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The three-way catalyst composition comprises rhodium, a cerium-containing oxide, and a supported palladium component. The supported palladium component comprises palladium, barium, and cobalt and alumina. The three-way catalyst composition shows improved light-off performance. 1. A three-way catalyst composition comprising rhodium , a ceria-containing oxide , and a supported palladium component , wherein the supported palladium component comprises palladium , barium , and cobalt and alumina.2. The three-way catalyst composition of wherein the supported palladium component comprises palladium claim 1 , barium and a cobalt aluminate spinel.3. The three-way catalyst composition of wherein the rhodium is supported on an inorganic oxide carrier.4. The three-way catalyst composition of wherein the inorganic oxide carrier is selected from the group consisting of alumina claim 3 , silica claim 3 , titania claim 3 , zirconia claim 3 , ceria claim 3 , niobia claim 3 , tantalum oxides claim 3 , molybdenum oxides claim 3 , tungsten oxides claim 3 , and mixed oxides or composite oxides thereof.5. The three-way catalyst composition of wherein the ceria-containing oxide is selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide claim 1 , a ceria-zirconia mixed oxide claim 1 , and an alumina-ceria-zirconia mixed oxide.6. The three-way catalyst composition of wherein the supported palladium component comprises 0.1 to 1 weight percent palladium.7. The three-way catalyst composition of wherein the supported palladium component comprises 1 to 10 weight percent barium.8. The three-way catalyst composition of wherein the supported palladium component comprises 0.5 to 20 weight percent cobalt.9. A three-way catalyst article comprising the three-way catalyst composition of supported on a metal or ceramic substrate.10. The three-way catalyst article of wherein the substrate is a flow ...

OXYGEN CARRYING MATERIALS WITH SURFACE MODIFICATION FOR REDOX-BASED CATALYSIS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USES THEREOF

Redox catalysts having surface medication, methods of making redox catalysts with surface modification, and uses of the surface modified redox catalysts are provided. In some aspects, the redox catalysts include a core oxygen carrier region such as CaMnO, BaMnO, SrMnO, MnSiO, MnMgO, LaSrO, LaSrFeO, CaTiMnO, PrO, manganese ore, or a combination thereof; and an outer shell having an average thickness of about 1-100 monolayers surrounding the outer surface of the core region. The outer shell can include, for example a salt selected such as LiWO, NaWO, KWO, SrWO, LiMoO, NaMoO, KMoO, CsMoO, LiCO, NaCO, KCO, or a combination thereof. 1. The redox catalyst according to wherein:{'sub': 3', '3-δ', '3-δ', '2', '4', '2', '4-δ', '0.8', '0.2', '3-δ', '0.8', '0.2', '3-δ', '9', '0.1', '0.9', '3-δ', '6', '11-δ, '(a) the core region comprises an oxygen carrier selected from the group consisting of CaMnO, BaMnO, SrMnO, MnSiO, MnMgO, LaSrO, LaSrFeO, CaTiMnO, PrO, manganese ore, and a combination thereof; and'}{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '4', '2', '4', '4', '2', '4', '2', '4', '2', '4', '4', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3, '(b) the outer shell comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of LiWO, NaWO, KWO, SrWO, LiMoO, NaMoO, KMoO, CsMoO, LiCO, NaCO, KCO, and a combination thereof.'}2. A redox catalyst comprising:(a) a core region having an outer surface, the core region comprising an oxygen carrier, and(b) an outer shell having an average thickness of about 1-100 monolayers surrounding the outer surface of the core region, the outer shell comprising a metal salt.3. The redox catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the metal salt is selected from the group consisting of metal carbonates claim 2 , metal phosphates claim 2 , metal tungstates claim 2 , metal molybdates claim 2 , metal vanadates claim 2 , metal halides claim 2 , and a combination thereof.4. The redox catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the outer shell comprises an alkaline earth metal tungstate selected from the group ...

CATALYTIC ADSORBENTS OBTAINED FROM MUNICIPAL SLUDGES, INDUSTRIAL SLUDGES, COMPOST AND TOBACCO WASTE AND PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

Industrial waste derived adsorbents were obtained by pyrolysis of sewage sludge, metal sludge, waste oil sludge and tobacco waste in some combination. The materials were used as media to remove hydrogen sulfide at room temperature in the presence of moisture. The initial and exhausted adsorbents after the breakthrough tests were characterized using sorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, XRD, ICP, and surface pH measurements. Mixing tobacco and sludges result in a strong synergy enhancing the catalytic properties of adsorbents. During pyrolysis new mineral phases are formed as a result of solid state reaction between the components of the sludges. High temperature of pyrolysis is beneficial for the adsorbents due to the enhanced activation of carbonaceous phase and chemical stabilization of inorganic phase. Samples obtained at low temperature are sensitive to water, which deactivates their catalytic centers. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the acidic gases are one or more of hydrogen sulfide claim 1 , sulfur dioxide claim 1 , hydrogen cyanide claim 1 , and nitrogen dioxide.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the acidic gas is hydrogen sulfide which reacts within organic matter to be oxidized to sulfur dioxide or elemental sulfur and salt forms thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the wet air stream is effluent from a sewage treatment plant claim 1 , gaseous fuel claim 1 , or gases from hydrothermal vents.5. A method of removing acidic gases from wet air streams comprising the steps of:a) composting tobacco waste, waste paper, wood char or a combination thereof;b) thermally drying at least one of dewatered waste oil or metal sludge;c) mixing the dried sludge and the compost; (i) heating the mixture between 5 and 10° C./minute;', '(ii) holding the heated mixture between 60 and 90 minutes; and, 'd) pyrolyzing the mixture at temperatures between 600° C. and 1100° C., comprising the steps of ["(i) the adsorbent is capable of adsorbing up to about 30% of the ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCTION OF CARBON NANOTUBES FROM NATURAL RUBBER

A method for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from natural rubber, including providing a first material, the first material may include natural rubber or derivatives thereof, thermally decomposing the first material at a first temperature into an intermediate material, contacting the intermediate material with a catalyst, treating the intermediate material in contact with the catalyst at a second temperature, for forming carbon nanotubes. Adjusting an average characteristic of resulting nanotubes, including carrying out the synthesis method as a reference method and for decreasing the average diameter of the nanotube: decreasing the second temperature and/or decreasing the reaction time and/or increasing the concentration of Hin the forming gas in relation to the reference method. Or, for increasing the average diameter of the nanotube: increasing the second temperature and/or increasing the reaction time and/or decreasing the concentration of Hin the forming gas in relation to the reference method. 1. A method for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from natural rubber , comprising:providing a first material including a natural rubber or derivatives thereof;thermally decomposing the first material at a first temperature into an intermediate material, wherein the first temperature is selected from about 200° C. to about 500° C.;contacting the intermediate material with a catalyst; andthermally treating the intermediate material in contact with the catalyst at a second temperature, for forming carbon nanotubes.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of thermally decomposing the first material is carried out in a first location claim 1 , and wherein the first location is in a first furnace or in a section of the first furnace.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of thermally treating the intermediate material is carried out in a second location claim 1 , and wherein the second location is selected from: a second furnace or a second ...

Method For Preparing A Halosilane

A method for preparing a reaction product includes: steps (1) and (2). Step (1) is contacting, at a temperature from 200° C. to 1400° C., a first ingredient including a silane of formula HRSiX, where subscript a is an integer from 0 to 4, subscript b is 0 or 1, a quantity (a+b)<4, each R is independently a monovalent organic group, and each X is independently a halogen atom, with the proviso that when the quantity (a+b)<4, then the ingredient further includes H2; with a spinel catalyst including copper; thereby forming a reactant. Step (2) is contacting the reactant with a second ingredient including an organohalide at a temperature from 100° C. to 600° C.; thereby forming the reaction product and a spent reactant. The reaction product is distinct from the silane used in step (1). The method may be used to prepare diorganodihalosilanes from silicon tetrahalides. 1. A method for preparing a reaction product comprising a halosilane comprises steps (1) and (2) , where:{'sub': a', 'b', '(4-a-b)', '2, 'step (1) is contacting, at a temperature from 200° C. to 1400° C., a first ingredient comprising a silane of formula HRSiX, where subscript a is an integer from 0 to 4, subscript b is 0 or 1, a quantity (a+b)≦4, each R is independently a monovalent organic group, and each X is independently a halogen atom; with a spinel catalyst comprising copper; thereby forming a reactant, with the proviso that when the quantity (a+b)<4, then the first ingredient further comprises H; and'}step (2) is contacting the reactant with a second ingredient comprising an organohalide at a temperature from 100° C. to 600° C.; thereby forming the reaction product and a spent reactant; andwhere the method optionally further comprises steps (3) and (4), and where{'sub': a', 'b', '(4-a-b)', '2, 'step (3) is contacting, at a temperature from 200° C. to 1400° C., the spent reactant with an additional first ingredient comprising additional silane of formula HRSiX, where subscript a is an integer from 0 ...

BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST COMPRISING PHOSPHOROUS

A bifunctional catalyst for example for conversion of oxygenates, said bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder, Zn and P, wherein Zn is present at least partly as ZnAlO. 1. A bifunctional catalyst , said bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite , alumina binder , Zn and P , wherein Zn is present at least partly as ZnAlO.2. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said catalyst is a catalyst for conversion of oxygenates.3. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite is ZSM-5 or ZSM-11.4. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an extruded or pelletized catalyst.5. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , comprising 30-80 wt % zeolite claim 1 , 1-40 wt % ZnAlO claim 1 , 0-40% AlPO claim 1 , 0-40 wt % AlO claim 1 , 0-10 wt % ZnO.6. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Zn is present in both zeolite and alumina binder.7. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of P/Zn is 0.02-5.8. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the alumina binder further comprises silica.9. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst claim 1 , by X-ray diffraction claim 1 , does not contain free ZnO in the binder.10. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the Zn concentration is 3-25 wt % in the catalyst.11. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein Zn is present in the binder as mainly ZnAlO.12. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar amount of Zn present in the binder phase as ZnAlOconstitutes at least 50% claim 1 , at least 60% of the total amount of Zn in the binder phase.13. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar amount of Zn present in the binder phase as ZnAlOconstitutes at least 96% of the total amount of Zn present in the binder phase.14. Bifunctional catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the molar amount of Zn present in the binder phase as ZnO ...

CoFe2O4-WTRs Composite Magnetic Catalyst, Preparation Method and Application Thereof

The present invention discloses a CoFeO-WTRs composite magnetic catalyst for efficiently degrading atrazine by activating peroxymonosulfate, preparation method and application thereof. The CoFeO-WTRs composite magnetic catalyst is prepared by three steps: the first step is acid-leaching of WTRs, using the WTRs as iron source to provide the iron ions required for the synthesis of CoFeO; the second step is preparing of a precursor, synthesizing CoFeOby chemical co-precipitation method and uniformly loading the prepared CoFeOon the WTRs; and the third step is calcining the precursor to synthesize the CoFeO-WTRs composite magnetic catalyst. The catalytic performance of the CoFeO-WTRs composite magnetic catalyst prepared by the present invention is evaluated using PMS as an oxidant and atrazine as a target pollutant. The CoFeO-WTRs can efficiently remove atrazine from the actual water, exhibiting good potential for practical application. 1. A method for preparing a CoFeO-WTRs composite magnetic catalyst , comprising the following steps:the first step: acid leaching WTRs (drinking water treatment residuals): using WTRs, a by-product of a water supply plant, as a raw material, and naturally drying, crushing and sieving the WTRs for use; weighing 10 g of WTRs and evenly dispersing the WTRs in 150 mL of ultrapure water to form a suspension; adjusting a pH of the suspension to 3 by dropwise adding HCl solution, and magnetically stirring for 24 h to fully leach irons from the WTRs into the HCl solution to obtain a first solution; wherein an iron content of the WTRs is 90.52 mg/g, and an iron leaching rate after acid leaching is 95.3%;the second step: preparing a precursor by chemical co-precipitation method: adding a predetermined dose of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate to the first solution to obtain a mixed solution with a predetermined Co/Fe stoichiometric ratio, and adding NaOH solution dropwise to the mixed solution under vigorous stirring to adjust the pH of the mixed ...

Synergized PGM Close-Coupled Catalysts for TWC Applications

Synergized PGM catalyst converters configured as three-way catalyst (TWC) systems are disclosed. The disclosed SPGM system configurations exhibit high thermal stability, attenuated air to fuel (A/F) perturbations, enhanced TWC activity, and high catalytic conversion efficiency as a result of synergizing a low PGM loading close-coupled catalyst (CCC), with Ce-based oxygen storage, with a front spinel zone of suitable mixed metal oxide compositions acting as pre-catalyst for oxygen storage. The attenuation of A/F perturbations to lower amplitude, before exhaust gas emissions go into the standard PGM CCC, allows the system to work within a range of R values very close to the stoichiometric point for both lean and rich conditions, and high catalytic conversion efficiency in NO, CO, and HC conversions. The disclosed SPGM system configurations can be utilized in a plurality of TWC applications, such as conventional TWC systems including an optional underfloor catalyst. 1. A catalytic system , comprising:a first catalytic apparatus comprising at least two catalytic portions; anda second catalytic apparatus comprising at least one catalytic portion;wherein one of the at least two catalytic portions of the first catalytic apparatus comprises at least one binary spinel composition and wherein one of the at least two catalytic portions of the first catalytic apparatus comprises a close-coupled catalyst; andwherein the at least one catalytic portion of the second catalytic apparatus comprises a platinum group metal.2. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the second catalytic apparatus forms a portion of an automotive underfloor catalyst.3. The catalytic system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one binary spinel composition is formed from metals selected from the group consisting of aluminum claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , gallium claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , copper claim 1 , silver claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , iron claim 1 , chromium claim 1 , titanium claim ...

Cerium-Cobalt Spinel System as ZPGM Composition for DOC Applications

Variations of ZPGM catalyst material compositions including cerium-cobalt spinel oxide systems for ZPGM DOC applications are disclosed. The disclosed ZPGM catalyst compositions include CeCoOspinel and effect of adding copper to Ce-Co as CuCeCoOspinel systems supported on doped zirconia support oxide, which are produced by the incipient wetness (IW) methodology. ZPGM catalyst compositions are subjected to BET-surface area and XRD analyses to determine the thermal stability and spinel phase formation of supported spinal systems, respectively. DOC performance of ZPGM catalyst compositions is determined under steady state DOC light off test condition to verify/compare oxidation activity of disclosed spinel compositions, desirable and suitable for ZPGM catalyst materials in DOC applications. 1. A catalytic system , comprising:a substrate;a washcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate; and{'sub': x', '3−x', '4, 'an overcoat suitable for deposition on the substrate, the overcoat comprising a catalyst comprising a spinel having the general formula CeCoCo, where x=0.2 to 1.5.'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the spinel has the formula CeCoO.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the oxide powder comprising CeZrO.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein CO is oxidized by the catalyst.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein hydrocarbons are oxidized by the catalyst.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein NO oxidation occurs at about 275° C.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein NO oxidation occurs between about 275° C. and about 375° C.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein NO conversion is greater than 60%.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein NO conversion is greater than 67%.10. A catalyst claim 1 , comprising: a spinel having the general formula CeCoO claim 1 , where x=0.2 to 1.5.11. The catalyst of claim 10 , wherein the spinel has the formula CeCoO.12. The catalyst of claim 10 , wherein the oxide powder comprising CeZrO.13. The catalyst of claim 10 , wherein CO is oxidized by the catalyst.14. ...

Zinc doped manganese-iron spinel catalyst material and method of making and using the same

Catalyst for oxygen storage capacity applications that include a zinc doped manganese-iron spinel mixed oxide material. The zinc doped manganese-iron spinel mixed oxide material may be synthesized by a co-precipitation method using a precipitation agent such as sodium carbonate and exhibits a high oxygen storage capacity.

Variations for Synthesizing Zero Platinum Group Metal Catalyst Systems

Variations of synthesis methods for Zero Platinum Group Metal (ZPGM) catalyst systems are disclosed herein. The methodologies of influence of synthesis methods on Cu—Mn catalyst systems which may include a variation of carrier metal oxides are disclosed. The XRD characterization and activity measurements of a series of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric Cu—Mn spinels with different support oxide are discussed.

Oxidation Catalyst for Treating the Exhaust Gas of a Compression Ignition Engine

An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component; and a substrate, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) component, the alkaline earth metal component and the support material are disposed on the substrate. 1. An exhaust system for a diesel engine comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from the diesel engine , wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises:a first zone comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component and a combination of a platinum (Pt) component and a palladium (Pd) component, an alkaline earth metal component, and a support material comprising alumina doped with silica, wherein the alumina is doped with silica in an amount of 0.5 to 15% by weight, and wherein the alkaline earth metal component and at least one platinum group metal (PGM) is supported on the support material, and wherein when the first zone comprises a combination of a platinum (Pt) component and a palladium (Pd) component, then the first zone comprises a ratio by mass of platinum (Pt) in the platinum (Pt) component to palladium (Pd) in the palladium (Pd) component of ≥1:1;a second zone comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; anda substrate, which is a flow-through monolith;{'sup': −1', '−3, 'wherein the alkaline earth metal component has a total amount of alkaline earth ...

Methods and catalysts for green biodiesel production from unrefined low grade feedstock

This invention provides a catalyst comprising a new form of ZnFe 2 O 4 spinel nanoparticles, and a method for preparing same. The catalyst is useful for catalyzing the esterification of fatty acids or transesterification of triglycerides, wherein the reaction rate and conversion can be enhanced by free fatty acids.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING p-XYLENE

Provided is a method for producing p-xylene, comprising: a provision step of providing a C4 fraction comprising at least isobutene as a product formed by fluidized catalytic cracking of a heavy oil fraction; a dimerization step of bringing a first raw material comprising the isobutene into contact with a dimerization catalyst to produce a C8 component comprising a dimer of isobutene; and a cyclization step of bringing a second raw material comprising the C8 component with a dehydrogenation catalyst to produce p-xylene through a cyclization/dehydrogenation reaction of the C8 component. 1. A method for producing p-xylene , comprising:a provision step of providing a C4 fraction comprising at least isobutene as a product formed by fluidized catalytic cracking of a heavy oil fraction;a dimerization step of bringing a first raw material comprising the isobutene into contact with a dimerization catalyst to produce a C8 component comprising a dimer of the isobutene; anda cyclization step of bringing a second raw material comprising the C8 component with a dehydrogenation catalyst to produce p-xylene through a cyclization/dehydrogenation reaction of the C8 component.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the C4 fraction further comprises isobutane claim 1 , normal butene and normal butane.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising a separation step of obtaining a fraction (A) comprising the isobutene and the isobutane and a fraction (B) comprising the normal butene and the normal butane from the C4 fraction.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the first raw material comprises the fraction (A).5. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising a second separation step of obtaining a fraction comprising isobutene (A-1) and a fraction comprising isobutane (A-2) from the fraction (A).6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the first raw material comprises the fraction (A-1).7. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising a butadiene ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONS

The present invention relates to a method for carrying out endothermic reactions comprising the method steps of: 1. A method for carrying out an endothermic reaction , comprising:a) externally heating at least two reaction tubes, wherein the reaction tubes are arranged vertically in a heating chamber, and each of the reaction tubes is at least partially packed with a fluidizable material,b) introducing at least one gaseous reactant into the reaction tubes,c) forming a fluidized bed in the reaction tubes, each fluidized bed having an L/D ratio between the length L of the fluidized bed and the diameter D thereof from 3 to 30,{'b': 1', '1, 'd) carrying out an endothermic reaction in the reaction tubes at a first temperature (T) and a first pressure (P), wherein the reaction volume is distributed over at least two of the reaction tubes, to obtain a reaction product, and'}e) discharging the reaction product from the reaction tubes,wherein the reaction tubes can be combined to form groups which independently of one another are alternately operated in a production mode and/or in a regeneration mode or are idle.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the endothermic reaction is heterogeneously catalyzed and the fluidizable material is a fluidizable catalyst useful for the endothermic reaction.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising:{'b': 2', '2, 'f) regenerating the catalyst at a second temperature (T) and a second pressure (P) using a suitable regeneration gas (R).'}4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein f) is carried out wholly or partially in parallel with b) claim 3 , c) claim 3 , d) and e).5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the number of reaction tubes in production mode is variable and one or more reaction tubes are brought on- or offline according to demand for the endothermic reaction.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous reactant and the regeneration gas are introduced into the respective reaction tubes at at ...

METAL OXIDE CATALYST, METHOD OF PREPARING THE CATALYST, AND METHOD OF ALCOHOL USING THE SAME

A metal oxide catalyst involved in a hydrogenation reaction in which a ketone is converted into an alcohol, a method of preparing the metal oxide catalyst, and a method of preparing an alcohol using the same are provided. The metal oxide catalyst has a spinel structure represented by the following Formula 1: 1. A metal oxide catalyst involved in a hydrogenation reaction in which a ketone is converted into an alcohol , wherein the metal oxide catalyst has a spinel structure represented by the following Formula 1:{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '4, 'XAlO, \u2003\u2003'}wherein X represents nickel or copper.2. The metal oxide catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a content of the nickel in the metal oxide catalyst is in a range of 20 to 65% by weight.3. The metal oxide catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a content of the copper in the metal oxide catalyst is in a range of 20 to 65% by weight.4. The metal oxide catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide catalyst has an average particle size of 100 to 1 claim 1 ,000 nm.5. A method of preparing a metal oxide catalyst claim 1 , comprising:(a) dissolving a nickel or copper precursor and an aluminum precursor in a polar solvent to prepare a precursor solution;(b) pyrolyzing the precursor solution while spraying the precursor solution into a reactor using a carrier gas so as to form a catalyst powder; and(c) transferring the catalyst powder to a storage tank, followed by calcining the catalyst powder in the storage tank to increase a surface area of the catalyst powder.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the polar solvent in step (a) is distilled water.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pyrolysis in step (b) is carried out at a temperature of 600 to 850° C.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the calcination in step (c) is carried out at a temperature of 350 to 450° C.9. A method of preparing an alcohol claim 5 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'allowing hydrogen to react with a ketone in the presence of ...

Catalyst and method for direct conversion of syngas to light olefins

Direct conversion of syngas to light olefins is carried out in a fixed bed or a moving bed reactor with a composite catalyst A+B. The active ingredient of catalyst A is active metal oxide; and catalyst B is one or more than one of zeolite of CHA and AEI structures or metal modified CHA and/or AEI zeolite. A spacing between geometric centers of the active metal oxide of the catalyst A and the particle of the catalyst B is 5 μm-40 mm. A spacing between axes of the particles is preferably 100 μm-5 mm, and more preferably 200 μm-4 mm. A weight ratio of the active ingredients in the catalyst A and the catalyst B is within a range of 0.1-20 times, and preferably 0.3-5.

CATALYST ADDITIVE COMPOSITION FOR REDUCTION OF SULFUR IN GASOLINE

The present invention relates to an improved CuAlOspinel based catalyst additive composition having bi-modal pore size for improving gasoline sulfur removal activity by maintaining high gasoline selectivity and maintaining research octane number (RON) while cracking heavier hydrocarbon feedstocks in the fluid catalytic cracking unit. More particularly, present invention relates to a gasoline sulfur reduction (GSR) additive comprising copper aluminate spinel, acidic alumina matrix; and clay, wherein the additive having bimodal pore distribution. Present invention also relates to a process for preparing the gasoline sulfur reduction (GSR) additive. 1. A gasoline sulfur reduction (GSR) additive comprising:10-30 wt. % of copper aluminate spinel;20-40 wt. % of acidic alumina matrix; and40-60 wt. % of clay, and the wt. % being based on the total weight of the additive,wherein the additive having bimodal pore distribution with 55-75% of total pore is large pore diameter in the range of >200 to 400 Å and 25-45% of total pore is mesoporous pore diameter in the range of 20-200 Å.2. The additive as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the copper aluminate spinel having surface area in the range of 30-85 m/gm and total acidity in the range of 0.121-0.232 mmol/gm.3. The additive as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the acidic alumina having surface area in the range of 34-380 m/gm claim 1 , total acidity in the range of 0.093-0.348 mmol/gm and pore volume in the range of 0.19-0.82 cm/gm.4. The additive as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the clay is selected from kaolinite claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , illite claim 1 , vermiculite claim 1 , smectite claim 1 , dolomite claim 1 , or combination thereof.5. The additive as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the additive having total acidity in the range of 0.171-0.432 mmol/gm claim 1 , surface area in the range of 26 to 43 m/gm claim 1 , pore volume in the range of 0.15 to 0.24 cm/gm and ABD is in the range of 0.74 to 0.84 gm/cm.6. The additive as claimed ...

Catalysed Soot Filter for Treating the Exhaust Gas of a Compression Ignition Engine

A catalysed soot filter comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine disposed on a filtering substrate, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises: a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof; an alkaline earth metal component; a support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component. 120.-. (canceled)21. A catalysed soot filter comprising an oxidation catalyst for treating carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) in exhaust gas from a compression ignition engine disposed on a filtering substrate , wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises a plurality of layers on the filtering substrate , wherein a layer comprises:a platinum group metal (PGM) component selected from the group consisting of a platinum (Pt) component, a palladium (Pd) component and a combination thereof;an alkaline earth metal component; anda support material comprising a modified alumina incorporating a heteroatom component.22. A catalysed soot filter according to claim 21 , wherein the total amount of the alkaline earth metal component is 10 to 500 gft.23. A catalysed soot filter according to claim 21 , wherein the filtering substrate comprises a plurality of inlet channels and a plurality of outlet channels; the oxidation catalyst comprises a single layer on the inlet channels and a single layer on the outlet channels; and wherein the single layer on the inlet channels comprises the platinum group metal (PGM) component claim 21 , the alkaline earth metal component and the support material.24. A catalysed soot filter according to claim 21 , wherein the filtering substrate comprises inlet channels and outlet channels; the oxidation catalyst comprises a single layer on the inlet channels and a single layer on the outlet channels; and wherein the single layer on the ...

PROCESS FOR MAKING A NiO-DOPED ALUMINOGALLATE NANOCOMPOSITE

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing a finely divided metal-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite comprising mixing a carrier solvent with a bulk metal-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite to form a bulk metal-doped aluminogallate slurry and atomizing the bulk metal-doped aluminogallate slurry using a low temperature collision to produce a finely divided metal-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite, the composition of a nickel-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite (GAN), and a method of NO decomposition using the nickel-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite. 1. A process for producing a finely divided NiO-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite having a spinel structure comprising:mixing a carrier solvent with a bulk metal-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite synthesized by a process selected from the group consisting of co-precipitation, sol-gel, and hydrothermal to form a bulk metal-doped aluminogallate slurry, wherein the bulk metal-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite comprises:{'sub': 2', '3, 'GaO;'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'AlO; and'}nickel oxide dopant; andatomizing the bulk metal-doped aluminogallate slurry using a collision to produce the finely divided NiO-doped aluminogallate nanocomposite;wherein the carrier solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of deionized water, ethanol, butanol, isopropyl alcohol, diacetone alcohol, diglycol, triglycol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, toluene, and xylene.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the bulk divided NiO-doped aluminogallate is synthesized by a hydrothermal process comprising:adding a precipitating agent to an aqueous solution comprising a gallium salt, an aluminum salt, and a nickel dopant salt to form a nickel-doped aluminogallate suspension with a pH of 8-12; andheating the nickel-doped aluminogallate suspension to a hydrothermal reaction temperature in a range of 100° C.-350° C., for a reaction time range of 24-100 hrs to form the bulk metal-doped aluminogallate ...

Catalyst, and method for direct conversion of syngas to prepare liquid fuel and to produce light olefins

Direct conversion of syngas produces liquid fuels and light olefins. The catalytic reaction is conducted on a fixed bed or a moving bed. The catalyst comprises A and B components. The component A is composed of active metal oxides, and the active ingredients of the component B are zeolites with a MEL structure. The distance between the geometric centers of catalyst A and catalyst B particles is 2 nm-10 mm; a weight ratio of the catalyst A to the catalyst B is 0.1-20. The pressure of the syngas is 0.1-10 MPa; reaction temperature is 300-600° C.; and space velocity is 300-10000 h−1. The reaction mainly produces gasoline with high octane number, and co-generates light olefins. Meanwhile, the selectivity for a methane byproduct is low (less than 10%).

CATALYST FOR OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION AND METHOD OF PREPARING THE SAME

Disclosed are a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation and a method of preparing the same. More particularly, a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation of butene having a high butene conversion rate and superior side reaction inhibition effect and thus having high reactivity and high selectivity for a product by preparing metal oxide nanoparticles and then fixing the prepared metal oxide nanoparticles to a support, and a method of preparing the same are provided. 1. A catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation , comprising a metal oxide having a composition represented by Formula 1 below and an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 50 nm; and a support:{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '4, 'ABO\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}wherein A is one or more selected from the group consisting of divalent cationic metals and B is one or more selected from the group consisting of trivalent cationic metals.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein A is one or more selected from the group consisting of Cu claim 1 , Ra claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Be claim 1 , Fe(II) claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Co claim 1 , and Ni.3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein B is one or more selected from the group consisting of Al claim 1 , Fe(III) claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Si claim 1 , V claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , In claim 1 , La claim 1 , and Ce.4. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide is comprised in an amount of 1 to 40 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the support.5. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the support comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of alumina claim 1 , silica claim 1 , cordierite claim 1 , titania claim 1 , zirconia claim 1 , silicon nitride claim 1 , and silicon carbide.6. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a supporting catalyst or a coating catalyst.7. A method of preparing a catalyst for oxidative dehydrogenation claim 1 , wherein the method is ...

CATALYSTS FOR SOFT OXIDATION COUPLING OF METHANE TO ETHYLENE AND ETHANE

Disclosed is a catalyst and methods for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using elemental sulfur as a soft oxidant. The process can provide ethylene from methane with high conversion and selectivity. 1. A method of producing an olefin from methane and elemental sulfur , the method comprising:(a) obtaining a reaction mixture comprising methane and elemental sulfur gas; and(b) contacting the reaction mixture with a catalyst under reaction conditions sufficient to produce a product stream comprising an olefin, wherein the catalyst is a metal, a mixed metal oxide, mixed metal sulfide, a metal oxysulfide, mixed metal oxysulfide, or any mixture thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the olefin comprises C+ hydrocarbons claim 1 , preferably ethylene.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product stream further comprises hydrogen sulfide.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture comprises a methane to elemental sulfur molar ratio of 1:2 to 20:1.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions sufficient to produce a product stream in step (b) comprise a reaction temperature of at least 450° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conditions sufficient to produce a product stream comprise a reaction pressure of 0.05 to 10.0 MPa or 0.1 to 10.0 MPa claim 1 , a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 500 to 100 claim 1 ,000 or both.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal claim 1 , the mixed metal oxide claim 1 , the mixed metal sulfide claim 1 , the metal oxysulfide claim 1 , mixed metal oxysulfide claim 1 , or the metal sulfide comprises:an alkaline earth metal, preferably magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), or any combination thereof;a transition metal, preferably yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), rhenium (Rh), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or any combination thereof;a post-transition metal, preferably aluminum (Al), ...

COPPER OXIDES SUPPORTED ON SPINEL OXIDES AS CATALYSTS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE DIRECT NOx DECOMPOSITION

Active catalysts for the treatment of a low temperature exhaust gas stream are provided containing copper oxides dispersed on a spinel oxide for the direct, lean removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas stream. The low temperature, direct decomposition is accomplished without the need of a reductant molecule. In one example, CuOmay be dispersed as a monolayer on a metal oxide support, such as CoOspinel oxide, synthesized using an incipient wetness impregnation technique. The CuO/CoOcatalyst system converts nitric oxide to nitrogen gas with high product specificity, avoiding the production of a significant concentration of the undesirable NO product. 1. A catalyst system for the direct decomposition removal of NOx from an exhaust gas stream provided at a temperature of less than about 500° C. , the catalyst system comprising:{'sub': 3', '4, 'a CoOspinel oxide; and'}{'sub': x', '3', '4', '2, 'a plurality of discrete island regions of CuOsupported on a surface of the CoOspinel oxide and configured to catalyze a reduction of the NOx to generate Nwithout the presence of a reductant.'}2. The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the discrete island regions of CuOsupported on the CoOspinel oxide are formed using incipient wetness impregnation techniques.3. The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of the discrete island regions of CuOcomprises a two-dimensional claim 1 , non-crystalline structure claim 1 , and is provided with a surface density of Cu at an empirical loading level of between about 6.7 and about 7.6 Cu atoms per square nanometer (Cu/nm) as determined by ICP techniques.4. A catalytic converter for the direct decomposition removal of NOx from an exhaust gas stream flowing at a temperature of less than or equal to about 500° C. claim 1 , the catalytic converter comprising:an inlet configured to receive the exhaust gas stream into an enclosure;an outlet configured to allow the exhaust gas stream to exit the ...

Selective Hydrogenation Catalyst and Methods of Making and Using Same

A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters. 1. A composition comprising:an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid; andat least one catalytically active metal,wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution; wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum; wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm; and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.2. The composition of wherein the first maximum of the first peak of pore diameters is from about 200 nm to about 9000 nm.3. The composition of wherein greater than or equal to about 10% of the total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.4. The composition of wherein the first maximum of the first peak of pore diameters is from about 400 nm to about 8000 nm.5. The composition of wherein greater than or equal to about 15% of the total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.6. The ...

METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF A FISCHER-TROPSCH CATALYST WITH VAPOR TREATMENT

Preparation of a catalyst that comprises an active phase of at least one metal of group VIM that is deposited on an oxide substrate, 1. Method for preparation of a catalyst that comprises an active phase that comprises at least one metal of group VIIIB that is selected from among cobalt , nickel , ruthenium , and iron , deposited on an oxide substrate , where said method comprises the following steps:a) An oxide substrate that comprises alumina, silica, or silica-alumina is provided;b) The oxide substrate of step a) is impregnated by an aqueous or organic solution that comprises at least one metal salt of group VIIIB that is selected from among cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, and iron, and then the product that is obtained is dried at a temperature of between 60 and 200° C.;c) A treatment under water vapor of the solid that is obtained in step b) is carried out at a temperature of between 110 and 195° C. for a length of time of between 30 minutes and 4 hours, in the presence of an air/vapor mixture that comprises between 2 and 50% by volume of water in vapor form.2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the heat treatment under water vapor is performed at a temperature of between 110 and 190° C. claim 1 , for a length of time that ranges from 30 minutes to 4 hours and with an air/vapor mixture that comprises between 20 and 50% by volume of water in vapor form.3. Method according to Claim characterized in that a step a′) is carried out between steps a) and b) of said method claim 1 , a step a′) in which the oxide substrate that is provided in step a) is impregnated by an aqueous or organic solution of a phosphorus precursor claim 1 , then a drying step is initiated at a temperature of between 60° C. and 200° C. claim 1 , and then a step for calcination of the solid that is obtained is initiated at a temperature of between 200° C. and 1100° C.4. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that a step a″) is carried out subsequently between step a) or a′) ...

Bifunctional catalyst

A bifunctional catalyst for conversion of oxygenates, said catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder and Zn, wherein the Zn is present at least partly as ZnAl2O4.

HYDROGEN REJECTION IN METHANOL TO HYDROCARBON PROCESS WITH BIFUNCTIONAL CATALYST

The present application relates to a process for production of hydrocarbons comprising the steps of: converting a feed stream comprising alcohols, ethers or mixtures hereof over a Zn-containing zeolite based catalyst wherein Zn is at least partly present as ZnAlO, active in dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, in a conversion step thereby obtaining a conversion effluent, separating said effluent to obtain an aqueous process condensate stream, a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a gaseous stream, removing part of the hydrogen formed in the conversion step, and recycling at least part of the gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbon stream to the conversion step. 1. A process for production of hydrocarbons comprising the steps of{'sub': 2', '4, 'converting a feed stream comprising alcohols, ethers or mixtures hereof over a bifunctional catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder and Zn, wherein the Zn is present at least partly as ZnAlO, in a conversion step thereby obtaining a conversion effluent,'}separating said effluent to obtain an aqueous process condensate stream, a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a gaseous stream,removing part of the hydrogen formed in the conversion step, andrecycling at least part of the gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbon stream to the conversion step.2. A process according to wherein hydrogen is removed by purging at least part of the gaseous recycle stream.3. A process according to wherein an at least partially Hdepleted recycle stream is obtained from the gaseous stream by passing the gaseous stream to a hydrogen permselective membrane.4. A process according to wherein the at least partially Hdepleted recycle stream is obtained from the gaseous stream by passing said gaseous phase claim 3 , after admixture with a predetermined amount of dioxygen claim 3 , to a catalytic oxidation step where hydrogen is reacted with said predetermined amount of oxygen to form water and recycling said reacted stream claim 3 , at least partly depleted in hydrogen claim 3 , to ...

Exhaust System

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, the exhaust system comprising, a lean NO x trap (LNT), a wall flow monolithic substrate having a NO x storage and reduction zone thereon, the wall flow monolithic substrate having a pre-coated porosity of 40% or greater, the NO x storage and reduction zone comprising a platinum group metal loaded on a first support, the first support comprising one or more alkaline earth metal compounds, a mixed magnesium/aluminium oxide, cerium oxide, and at least one base metal oxide selected the group consisting of copper oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide and zinc oxide.