СПОСОБ ГИДРОКРЕКИНГА ПАРАФИНА

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу гидрокрекинга парафина. Описан способ гидрокрекинга парафина, в котором реактор с неподвижным слоем снабжен каталитической реакционной зоной, в которой первый каталитический слой содержит первую аморфную твердую кислоту, второй каталитический слой содержит цеолит и третий каталитический слой содержит вторую аморфную твердую кислоту, расположенные в этом порядке, парафин заставляют протекать по направлению от первого каталитического слоя к третьему каталитическому слою в зоне каталитической реакции в присутствии водорода. Технический эффект - высокий выход среднего дистиллята и базового компонента смазочного масла и получение фракции газойля, имеющей превосходную низкотемпературную текучесть. 5 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 1 ил.

КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ОБРАБОТКИ НЕСТАЦИОНАРНЫХ ВЫБРОСОВ NO

Изобретение относится к композиции катализатора для обработки выхлопного газа. Данная композиция включает a) первое молекулярное сито, имеющее предварительно состаренную решетку ВЕА или решетку ВЕА с изоморфным железом, в котором указанное первое молекулярное сито содержит от 0,5 до 5 весовых процентов, полученного ионным обменом или свободного железа; и b) второе молекулярное сито, имеющее кристаллическую структуру с малыми порами и содержащее от 0,5 до 5 весовых процентов полученной ионным обменом или свободной Cu. При этом отношение указанного первого молекулярного сита и указанного второго молекулярного сита составляет от 0,1 до 1. Предлагаемая композиция катализатора характеризуется более высокой общей конверсией NOпри равном или более низком проскоке NH, чем любой молекулярно-ситовой компонент, взятый отдельно. Настоящее изобретение относится также к катализатору для обработки выхлопного газа, включающему данную композицию, и способу обработки выхлопного газа. 3 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, ...

СПОСОБЫ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЛЕГИРОВАННЫХ ОКСИДОВ ЦЕРИЯ(IV)

Способ селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR) включает селективное восстановление газообразной смеси, включающей оксиды азота, в присутствии восстановителя и катализатора, который содержит по меньшей мере 80 мас.% оксида церия(IV) и от 0,1 до 20 мас.% оксида тантала(V), легирующего оксид церия(IV), причем катализатор прокаливают при температуре в пределах интервала от 600°C до 1000°C. Параметр кристаллической решетки у катализатора составляет по меньшей мере на 0,02% меньше, чем у нелегированного оксида церия (IV). Способ позволяет снизить концентрацию оксидов азота в выбросах. 3 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 14 ил.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ГИДРООЧИСТКИ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ПОДЛОЖКУ, ПОЛУЧЕННУЮ ИЗ АЛЮМОГЕЛЯ, И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТАКОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Настоящее изобретение относится к катализатору гидродесульфирования, содержащему подложку, фосфор, по меньшей мере, один металл, выбранный из группы VIB, причем металлом группы VIB является молибден, и, по меньшей мере, один металл, выбранный из группы VIII периодической системы элементов, причем металлом группы VIII является кобальт, причем содержание металла группы VIB, выраженного в расчете на содержание оксидов, составляет от 6 до 25 вес.% от общего веса катализатора, содержание металла группы VIII, выраженное в расчете на содержание оксидов, составляет от 0,5 до 7 вес.% от общего веса катализатора, подложка содержит по меньшей мере 90 вес.% оксида алюминия, который получен из размешанного и экструдированного геля бемита, и причем плотность молибдена в катализаторе, выраженная в числе атомов молибдена на нмкатализатора, составляет от 3 до 5, атомное соотношение Co/Mo составляет от 0,3 до 0,5, и атомное соотношение P/Mo составляет от 0,1 до 0,3, и удельная поверхность указанного катализатора ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ГИДРООЧИСТКИ И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ТЯЖЕЛОГО УЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ

Изобретение относится к катализатору гидроочистки для обработки тяжелого углеводородного сырья, имеющего значительные концентрации ванадия, где упомянутый катализатор гидроочистки содержит: прокаленную частицу, содержащую совместно перемешанную смесь, приготовленную посредством совместного перемешивания неорганического оксидного порошка, порошка триоксида молибдена и частиц металла VIII группы и затем формования упомянутой совместно перемешанной смеси в частицу, которую прокаливают, чтобы тем самым получить упомянутую прокаленную частицу, где упомянутая прокаленная частица имеет такую структуру пор, что, по меньшей мере, 23% от общего объема пор упомянутой прокаленной частицы находится в виде пор упомянутой прокаленной частицы, имеющих диаметры пор больше чем 5000 ангстрем, и меньше чем 70% от общего объема пор упомянутой прокаленной частицы находится в виде пор упомянутой прокаленной частицы, имеющих диаметры пор в диапазоне от 70 до 250, как измерено методом ртутной порометрии. При этом ...

КОМБИНАЦИЯ ЗАЩИТНОГО СЛОЯ И СЛОЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА И СПОСОБ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИИ С ЕЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ

Изобретение относится к комбинации защитного слоя от соединений хлора и слоя медьсодержащего катализатора и к способу проведения каталитической реакции с ее использованием. Описана комбинация, содержащая слой частиц медьсодержащего катализатора и предваряющий его в технологической схеме защитный слой от соединения хлора, образованный из сформованных элементов, полученных из частиц карбоната свинца и/или основного карбоната свинца со среднемассовым размером частиц менее 10 мкм. Описан также способ проведения каталитической реакции с использованием описанной выше комбинации. Технический эффект - предотвращение дезактивации медьсодержащего катализатора при содержании в технологическом газе соединений хлора. 2 н. и 9 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл.

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИ АКТИВИРОВАННЫЙ ФИЛЬТР ДЛЯ ОТФИЛЬТРОВЫВАНИЯ ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ ИЗ ОТРАБОТАВШИХ ГАЗОВ ДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ, ОБЛАДАЮЩИЙ ЗАДЕРЖИВАЮЩИМ АММИАК ДЕЙСТВИЕМ

Изобретение относится к каталитически активированному фильтру для отфильтровывания твердых частиц из отработавших газов (ОГ) дизельного двигателя. Сущность изобретения: каталитически активированный фильтр предназначен для отфильтровывания твердых частиц из отработавших газов (ОГ) дизельного двигателя и имеет фильтрующий элемент и окислительно-активное каталитическое покрытие, а также еще одно каталитически активное в реакции селективного каталитического восстановления (СКВ-реакции) покрытие, содержащее аккумулирующий аммиак материал, причем указанные покрытия расположены в порядке, в котором подвергаемые нейтрализации или снижению токсичности ОГ сначала проходят каталитически активное в СКВ-реакции покрытие, а затем окислительно-активное каталитическое покрытие. Техническим результатом изобретения является упрощение и удешевление системы нейтрализации или снижение токсичности ОГ, предназначенной для удаления оксидов азота и твердых частиц из ОГ, работающих на обедненных горючих смесях двигателей ...

ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЕ ЭТИЛБЕНЗОЛА С ПОЛУЧЕНИЕМ СТИРОЛА

Изобретение относится к каталитической смеси для катализа, реакторной системе и способу дегидрирования этилбензола с получением стирола. Реакторная система включает реакторную установку, в которой размещается каталитическая смесь, и индукционную катушку с возможностью генерирования переменного магнитного поля внутри реакторной установки при подключении к источнику питания. Каталитическая смесь включает частицы катализатора, находящиеся в тесном контакте с ферромагнитным материалом, причем смесь содержит либо частицы катализатора и ферромагнитные частицы, смешанные и обработанные для предоставления тел каталитической смеси, либо тела каталитических частиц, смешанных с телами ферромагнитного материала, причем наименьший внешний размер тел находится в порядке около 1-2 мм или более, или ферромагнитный материал включает одну или несколько ферромагнитных макроскопических подложек, чувствительных к индукционному нагреву, которые являются ферромагнетиками при температурах вплоть до верхнего предела ...

ЗОНИРОВАННЫЕ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПОЗИТЫ

Изобретение относится к области очистки отработавших газов. Зонированный каталитический композит для потока выхлопных газов двигателя внутреннего сгорания включает монолитный носитель, состоящий из множества продольных каналов. Композит содержит зону, которая начинается от одного конца носителя и проходит по направлению оси вдоль продольных каналов так, что зона имеет плоский профиль. Зона включает каталитический материал, который действует, чтобы преобразовывать и/или улавливать один или несколько компонентов в потоке выхлопных газов. Длина зоны от одного конца носителя изменяется в диапазоне от 0 до 15% длины всего носителя от канала к каналу. Также предоставлены способы изготовления и применения каталитического композита. 4 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил.

Способ получения пропиленоксида

Изобретение относится к непрерывному способу получения пропиленоксида. Предложенный способ включает: (i) предоставление жидкого потока поступающего материала, содержащего пропен, перекись водорода, ацетонитрил, воду, необязательно пропан и, по меньшей мере, одну растворенную калиевую соль оксикислоты фосфора; (ii) подачу жидкого потока поступающего материала, предоставленного на стадии (i), в реактор эпоксидирования, содержащий катализатор, содержащий титановый цеолит структурного типа MWW, содержащий цинк, и воздействие на жидкий поток поступающего материала условий реакции эпоксидирования в реакторе эпоксидирования с получением реакционной смеси, содержащей пропиленоксид, ацетонитрил, воду, по меньшей мере, одну растворенную калиевую соль оксикислоты фосфора, необязательно пропен и необязательно пропан; (iii) удаление отходящего потока из реактора эпоксидирования, причем отходящий поток содержит пропиленоксид, ацетонитрил, воду, по меньшей мере, часть, по меньшей мере, одной растворенной ...

СПОСОБ ЗАСЫПКИ ПРОДОЛЬНОГО УЧАСТКА КОНТАКТНОЙ ТРУБЫ

Изобретение касается способа засыпки продольного участка контактной трубы единообразной частью твердого слоя катализатора. Способ засыпки продольного участка контактной трубы единообразной частью твердого слоя катализатора, активная масса которого представляет собой, по меньшей мере, один мультиэлементный оксид, который содержит a) элементы Мо, Fe и Bi, или b) элементы Мо и V, или c) элемент V, а также дополнительно Р и/или Sb, или активная масса которого содержит элементарное серебро на оксидном изделии-носителе, и который состоит из одного единственного сорта Sили из гомогенизированной смеси нескольких отличных друг от друга сортов Sкаталитически активных формованных изделий определенной геометрической формы или каталитически активных формованных изделий и инертных формованных изделий определенной геометрической формы, причем медиана максимальных продольных размеров L изделий определенной геометрической формы сорта Sхарактеризуется значением D , по меньшей мере, в пределах одного сорта ...

АЛЮМОСИЛИКАТНЫЙ ЦЕОЛИТ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ПЕРЕХОДНЫЙ МЕТАЛЛ

Изобретение относится к каталитической системе очистки выхлопных газов. Предложен синтетический алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор, содержащий медь в качестве каталитически активного компонента. Катализатор содержит алюмосиликатный цеолит типа шабазит. Максимальный размер кольца цеолита составляет восемь тетраэдрических атомов. Средний размер кристаллитов цеолита, определенный сканирующей электронной микроскопией, составляет более 0,50 микрометра. Изобретение обеспечивает повышенную селективность восстановления оксидов азота в выхлопных газах двигателей внутреннего сгорания. 3 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 4 пр.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА И ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ

Раскрыты катализатор каталитического крекинга и его получение. Катализатор содержит от 20% до 40% по массе, в пересчете на сухое вещество, модифицированного редкоземельными элементами молекулярного сита типа Y, от 2% до 20% по массе, в пересчете на сухое вещество, содержащего добавку оксида алюминия и от 30% до 50% по массе, в пересчете на сухое вещество, глины; причем содержащий добавку оксид алюминия содержит, в пересчете на сухое вещество и в пересчете на массу содержащего добавку оксида алюминия, от 60% до 95% по массе оксида алюминия и от 5% до 40% по массе добавки, которая представляет собой одно или несколько соединений, выбранных из группы, которую составляют соединения, содержащие щелочноземельный металл и/или фосфор. Модифицированное редкоземельными элементами молекулярное сито типа Y имеет содержание оксидов редкоземельных элементов, составляющее от 4% до 12% по массе, содержание фосфора, составляющее от 0% до 10% по массе в пересчете на Р2О5, содержание оксида натрия, составляющее ...

ВЫХЛОПНАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЯ С ВОСПЛАМЕНЕНИЕМ ОТ СЖАТИЯ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ ЗАХВАТА ИСПАРИВШЕЙСЯ ПЛАТИНЫ

Изобретение относится к выхлопной системе для обработки выхлопных газов двигателя с воспламенением от сжатия, где выхлопная система содержит катализатор окисления, включающий носитель, который представляет собой проточный монолитный носитель или фильтрующий монолитный носитель и имеет поверхность входного конца и поверхность выходного конца; каталитический материал, расположенный на носителе, причем каталитический материал содержит платину (Pt); и зону захвата, содержащую захватывающий материал, где захватывающий материал содержит Pt-легирующий металл, расположенный на тугоплавком оксиде или нанесенный на тугоплавкий оксид, где Pt-легирующий металл в катализаторе окисления является палладием (Pd), причем захватывающий материал расположен на множестве стенок каналов или нанесен на множество стенок каналов внутри носителя, и при этом тугоплавкий оксид включает по меньшей мере 65% вес. оксида циркония, при этом данная зона захвата имеет среднюю длину ≤20 мм, расположена на поверхности выходного ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ФИЛЬТР С ПРОТОЧНЫМИ СТЕНКАМИ С КАТАЛИЗАТОРОМ НЕЙТРАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОСКОКА АММИАКА

Изобретение предназначено для очистки выхлопных газов. Каталитический монолитный фильтр с проточными стенками для использования в системе очистки выхлопов имеет первую торцевую поверхность, вторую торцевую поверхность, длину фильтра, определяемую расстоянием от первой торцевой поверхности до второй торцевой поверхности, продольное направление между первой торцевой поверхностью и второй торцевой поверхностью и первое и второе множества каналов, простирающихся в продольном направлении. Первое множество каналов открыто на первой торцевой поверхности и закрыто на второй торцевой поверхности, а второе множество каналов открыто на второй торцевой поверхности и закрыто на первой торцевой поверхности. Монолитный фильтр содержит пористый субстрат, имеющий поверхности, которые образуют каналы, и имеющий первую зону, простирающуюся в продольном направлении от первой торцевой поверхности ко второй торцевой поверхности на расстояние, меньшее длины фильтра, и вторую зону, простирающуюся в продольном ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ШАРИКОВ ОКСИДА АЛЮМИНИЯ ПУТЕМ ФОРМОВАНИЯ ВЫСОКОДИСПЕРГИРУЕМОГО ГЕЛЯ МЕТОДОМ СТЕКАНИЯ КАПЕЛЬ

Изобретение относится к получению шариков оксида алюминия, которые можно использовать в качестве подложки катализаторов. Способ описывает получение оксида алюминия в виде шариков, имеющих содержание серы от 0,001 до 1 вес.% и содержание натрия от 0,001 до 1 вес.% от полной массы указанных шариков. Причем шарики получены формованием, методом стекания капель алюмогеля, имеющего высокую диспергируемость. В свою очередь, алюмогель получен способом, использующим особое осаждение, позволяющим получить по меньшей мере 40 вес.% оксида алюминия от полного количества оксида алюминия, получаемого на выходе способа получения геля, уже на первом этапе осаждения, причем количество оксида алюминия, образуемого на выходе с первого этапа осаждения, может достигать 100%. Обеспечивается получение шариков оксида алюминия с более высокой удельной поверхностью по БЭТ. 3 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 4 табл., 3 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ДИОЛА

Изобретение относится к способу получения диола, в котором в качестве исходных материалов используют водный раствор сахара и водород, которые приводят в контакт с катализатором в воде в реакционной системе с получением диола. Используемым катализатором является композитный катализатор, состоящий из основного катализатора и сокатализатора. Основной катализатор представляет собой нерастворимый в воде кислотостойкий сплав, состоящий из никеля, одного или нескольких редкоземельных элементов, олова и алюминия, и необязательно (i) вольфрама, или (ii) вольфрама и молибдена, или (iii) вольфрама, молибдена и бора или фосфора. Сокатализатор представляет собой растворимую соль вольфрамовой кислоты и/или нерастворимое соединение вольфрам. Диол представляет собой этиленгликоль, и pH реакционной системы составляет 1–7. Технический результат - применение кислотостойкого недорогого и стабильного сплава, который не требует носителя, в качестве основного катализатора, и он может гарантировать высокий выход ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ОКИСЛЕНИЯ С СЕДЛОВИДНЫМИ ФОРМОВАННЫМИ ИЗДЕЛИЯМИ-НОСИТЕЛЯМИ

Изобретение касается катализатора окисления акролеина до акриловой кислоты, способа его изготовления, его применения для каталитического окисления в газовой фазе акролеина до акриловой кислоты и к способу получения акриловой кислоты посредством окисления в газовой фазе акролеина молекулярным кислородом на неподвижном слое катализатора. Катализатор окисления включает по меньшей мере одно неорганическое оксидное или керамическое формованное изделие-носитель с площадью поверхности BET менее чем 0,5 м/г, причем нижняя граница площади поверхности BET составляет 0,01 м/г, в расчете на носитель, которое покрыто с образованием сплошной оболочки обладающим каталитической активностью мультиэлементным оксидом, соответствующим общей формуле (I)гдеXозначает W, Nb, Та, Cr и/или Се,Xозначает Cu, Ni, Со, Fe, Mn и/или Zn,Xозначает Sb и/или Bi,Xозначает один или несколько щелочных и/или щелочноземельных металлов и/или N,Xозначает Si, Al, Ti и/или Zr,а означает число в пределах от 1 до 6,b означает число ...

СМЕШАННЫЕ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ КРУПНОКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫХ СИТ, КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗДЕЛИЯ, СИСТЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ

Описаны каталитическое изделие, способ селективного восстановления оксидов азота и система для обработки выхлопных газов. Каталитическое изделие включает подложку, имеющую, по меньшей мере, покрытие из пористого оксида на ней, так, чтобы содержать и первое молекулярное сито, промотированное медью, и второе молекулярное сито, промотированное железом. При этом первые и вторые молекулярные сита имеют d6r блок, и первое молекулярное сито имеет кристаллы кубической формы со средним размером кристалла от 0.5 до 2 микрон. Массовое соотношение промотированного медью молекулярного сита к промотированному железом молекулярному ситу составляет от 1:1 до 4:1. Технический результат - улучшение характеристик каталитического изделия для селективного восстановления оксидов азота при высоких и низких температурах и более низкое образование NO. 3 н. и 32 з.п. ф-лы, 6 ил., 8 пр.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР НА ОСНОВЕ ZSM-5

Изобретение относится к микросферам цеолита ZSM-5 для применения в качестве катализатора, компонента катализатора или промежуточного продукта катализатора для процессов конверсии углеводородов, сформированным 1) формированием смеси в микросферах, в которых смесь содержит материал на основе диоксида кремния и множества частиц, выбранных из группы, включающей по меньшей мере один материал высокой плотности с абсолютной объемной плотностью по меньшей мере 0.3 г/см, кристаллы цеолита ZSM-5 и их комбинации; 2) прокаливанием микросфер и 3) взаимодействием и последующим нагреванием микросфер по меньшей мере с одним щелочным раствором, чтобы сформировать цеолит ZSM-5 in situ на микросферах, при этом микросферы цеолита ZSM-5 содержат не более чем 8 мас.% глины или прокаленного глинистого материала. Технический результат заключается в получении in situ катализатора из цеолита ZSM-5 с высокой устойчивостью к истиранию с микросферами, практически не содержащими глиняные загустители и/или ZSM-5. 2 н ...

ДОБАВКИ ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ЗАГРЯЗНЯЮЩИХ ПРИМЕСЕЙ

Изобретение относится к композиции и способам для уменьшения вредного действия металлических загрязняющих примесей на каталитический крекинг. Описана добавка для каталитического крекинга, включающая комбинацию: а) улавливающего металлы материала, выбранного из группы, включающей кальцийсодержащее соединение, магнийсодержащее соединение или их сочетание, гидроталькитоподобное соединение, соединение, содержащее диоксид кремния и оксид алюминия, смешанный оксид металлов или их сочетание; и b) высокоактивного катализатора, который представляет собой катализатор, имеющий процентное содержание цеолита по меньшей мере приблизительно в 1,5 раза выше и/или общую площадь поверхности по меньшей мере приблизительно в 1,5 раза больше, и/или общую кристалличность по меньшей мере приблизительно в 1,5 раза выше, чем насыпной катализатор, также используемый в реакции каталитического крекинга. Также описано циркулирующее наличное количество частиц катализатора в способе крекинга с псевдоожиженным катализатором ...

РАЗРАБОТКА УЛУЧШЕННОЙ ЗАГРУЗКИ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА

Способ окисления аммиака, включая процесс Андрусова, заключающийся в том, что исходный газ проходит над катализатором первой ступени окисления аммиака, содержащим в качестве катализатора металл платиновой группы с высокой площадью поверхности, с достижением конверсии аммиака от 20 до 99% и получением продукта первой стадии, содержащего оксиды азота, кислород и непрореагировавший аммиак, а затем продукт первой стадии проходит над катализатором второй ступени окисления аммиака, причем катализатор второй ступени эффективен также в качестве катализатора разложения N2O, с получением продукта второй стадии, содержащего незначительное количество непрореагировавшего аммиака и менее чем 500 ч/млн N2O. Процесс проводят при температуре от 700 до 1000°С. Предложена также загрузка катализатора, предназначенная для осуществления указанного выше способа. В предпочтительных вариантах осуществления можно наблюдать низкий уровень образования закиси азота и увеличение срока службы. Способ позволяет достичь ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ НЕЙТРАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ОТРАБОТАВШИХ ГАЗОВ С ОСЕВЫМ ВАРЬИРОВАНИЕМ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ДРАГОЦЕННЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ И СПОСОБЫ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ЭТОГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО НЕЙТРАЛИЗАТОРА

Изобретение относится к технологии очистки отработавших газов двигателей внутреннего сгорания. Каталитический нейтрализатор представляет собой сотовый элемент с входным и выходным концом и множеством проточных каналов, на который нанесено каталитическое покрытие. Каталитическое покрытие включает, по меньшей мере, один каталитически активный элемент из металлов платиновой группы, профиль концентрации которого непрерывно варьируется вдоль оси сотового элемента. Сотовый элемент разделен на три смежных участка. Концентрация активного элемента имеет низкое значение на первом участке, затем резко возрастает до пиковой на втором участке и уменьшается на третьем. Для изготовления нейтрализатора на сотовый элемент наносят материал с высокой удельной площадью поверхности. Затем отдельные участки смачивают смачивающим веществом, пропитывают соединением драгоценного металла, сушат и кальцинируют. Полученный каталитический нейтрализатор обладает повышенной стойкостью к отравлению и термическому разрушению ...

ВЕРТИКАЛЬНЫЙ АММИАЧНЫЙ КОНВЕРТЕР С РАЗДЕЛЬНЫМ ПОТОКОМ

Изобретение может быть использовано в химической промышленности. Вертикальный аммиачный конвертер с неподвижным слоем, в котором каталитическая зона неподвижного слоя расположена в двух механически разделенных объемах катализатора. В реакторе созданы два газовых потока, которые работают параллельно. Каждая каталитическая зона неподвижного слоя в настоящем изобретении может содержать катализатор в кольцевом пространстве, образованном между двумя концентрическими кожухами, размещенными вокруг кожухотрубного теплообменника. Трубы и трубопроводы расположены в слоях катализатора, кольцевые каналы вокруг слоя катализатора осуществляют параллельное разделение газового потока. Предложенное изобретение позволяет повысить эффективность аммиачного конвертера. 2 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АКРОЛЕИНА ГЕТЕРОГЕННО КАТАЛИЗИРОВАННЫМ ОКИСЛЕНИЕМ В ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗЕ ПРОПЕНА

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу получения акролеина посредством гетерогенно катализированного, частичного окисления в газовой фазе пропена и катализатору для получения акролеина. Описан способ получения акролеина посредством гетерогенно катализированного, частичного окисления в газовой фазе, при котором содержащую пропен, молекулярный кислород и, по меньшей мере, один инертный газ реакционную газовую исходную смесь, которая содержит молекулярный кислород и пропен в молярном соотношении O2:С3Н6≥1, а также диоксид углерода и насыщенные углеводороды вместе в общем количестве максимально 15 мол.%, при повышенной температуре и при нагрузке катализаторного неподвижного слоя содержащимся в исходной реакционной газовой смеси пропеном ≥120 нл/л·ч пропускают через катализаторный неподвижный слой, катализаторы которого представляют собой кольцевые сплошные катализаторы, активная масса которых представляет собой, по меньшей мере, один оксид мультиметаллов общей формулы I ! , ! где ! а≥1 до ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ФИЛЬТР САЖИ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ВЫХЛОПНОГО ГАЗА ДВИГАТЕЛЯ КОМПРЕССИОННОГО ВОСПЛАМЕНЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к выхлопной системе для двигателя компрессионного воспламенения, содержащей каталитический фильтр сажи. Указанный каталитический фильтр сажи содержит катализатор окисления для обработки монооксида углерода (CO) и углеводородов (HC) в выхлопном газе из двигателя компрессионного воспламенения, при этом указанный катализатор окисления размещен на фильтрующей подложке, которая представляет собой фильтр с проточными стенками. При этом указанный катализатор окисления содержит: первую зону, содержащую компонент на основе металла платиновой группы (PGM), выбираемый из группы, состоящей из платинового (Pt) компонента, палладиевого (Pd) компонента и их сочетания; компонент на основе щелочноземельного металла, содержащий магний (Mg), кальций (Ca), стронций (Sr), барий (Ba) или сочетание двух или более из них; и материал-носитель, содержащий оксид алюминия, легированный диоксидом кремния, при этом указанный оксид алюминия легирован диоксидом кремния в количестве от 0,5 до 15% ...

АДСОРБЕР-КАТАЛИЗАТОР NOx

Изобретение относится к катализатору-ловушке обедненных NOx, содержащему: i) первый слой, причем указанный первый слой содержит смесь или сплав платины и палладия, первый неорганический оксид, который выбран из группы, состоящей из оксида алюминия и диоксида кремния-оксида алюминия, активатор, где данный активатор содержит барий, и материал, абсорбирующий углеводороды, причем материал, абсорбирующий углеводороды, является бета-цеолитом; и ii) второй слой, причем указанный второй слой содержит один или несколько металлов платиновой группы, материал, способный к аккумулированию кислорода (OSC), где указанный OSC выбран из группы, состоящей из оксида церия, и смешанного оксида церия-диоксида циркония, и второй неорганический оксид, причем указанный второй неорганический оксид выбран из группы, состоящей из оксида алюминия и сложного оксида лантана/оксида алюминия; где первый слой по существу не содержит материала, способного к аккумулированию кислорода (OSC), и где второй слой нанесен на первый ...

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МНОГОСЛОЙНОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФТАЛЕВОГО АНГИДРИДА

Изобретение относится к применению многослойного катализатора, т.е. катализатора с тремя или более слоями для получения фталевого ангидрида путем парофазного окисления ортоксилола и/или нафталина. Описано применение катализатора для получения фталевого ангидрида путем парофазного окисления ортоксилола и/или нафталина, содержащего по меньшей мере один слой, расположенный со стороны поступления газа, второй слой, расположенный ближе к выходу газа, и третий слой, расположенный еще ближе к выходу или у выхода газа, причем слои катализатора, предпочтительно, все включают активную массу с содержанием TiO2, причем активность первого слоя катализатора выше активности его второго слоя. Также описан способ получения фталевого ангидрида, по которому газообразный поток, содержащий ортоксилол и/или нафталин, а также молекулярный кислород, при повышенной температуре пропускают через вышеописанный трехслойный или многослойный катализатор. Технический эффект - обеспечение повышенной активности при одновременной ...

АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЕ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПОЗИТЫ, ИМЕЮЩИЕ СЛОЙ С ДВУМЯ МЕТАЛЛАМИ

Изобретение относится к автомобильным каталитическим композитам (вариантам), каталитический материал которых эффективен для практически одновременного окисления монооксида углерода и углеводородов и восстановления окислов азота. Согласно первому варианту автомобильный каталитический композит включает: каталитический материал на подложке, при этом каталитический материал включает слой с двумя металлами, который содержит: родиевый компонент на первом носителе, который содержит компонент оксида тугоплавкого металла и, необязательно, дополнительно, содержит первый композит оксид церия-оксид циркония; палладиевый компонент на втором носителе, который содержит второй композит оксид церия-оксид циркония; один или более из таких компонентов, как промотор, стабилизатор или связующее; где каталитический материал эффективен в трехкомпонентной конверсии (TWC) для по существу одновременного окисления монооксида углерода и углеводородов и восстановления оксидов азота и где общее количество по весу первого ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОПИЛЕНОКСИДА

Изобретение относится к непрерывному способу получения пропиленоксида, который включает в себя (i) обеспечение жидкого потока поступающего материала, содержащего пропен, перекись водорода, ацетонитрил, воду, необязательно пропан и, по меньшей мере, одну растворенную калиевую соль; (ii) подачу потока поступающего материала, обеспеченного на стадии (i), в реактор эпоксидирования, содержащий катализатор, содержащий титановый цеолит с каркасной структурой типа MWW, и воздействие на поток поступающего материала условий реакции эпоксидирования в реакторе эпоксидирования с получением реакционной смеси, содержащей пропиленоксид, ацетонитрил, воду, по меньшей мере, одну калиевую соль, необязательно пропен и необязательно пропан; (iii) удаление отходящего потока из реактора эпоксидирования, причем отходящий поток содержит пропиленоксид, ацетонитрил, воду, по меньшей мере, часть, по меньшей мере, одной калиевой соли, необязательно пропен и необязательно пропан. Причем, по меньшей мере, одну калиевую ...

УЛУЧШЕННАЯ ЛОВУШКА NOХ

Изобретение относится к ловушке NОх для выхлопных систем двигателей внутреннего сгорания и к способу очистки выхлопного газа из двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Катализатор-ловушка NОх содержит подложку, первый слой и второй слой. Первый слой содержит композицию ловушки NОх, содержащую один или несколько благородных металлов, компонент для сохранения NОх, первый носитель и первый церийсодержащий материал, где первый церийсодержащий материал предварительно выдерживают перед внедрением в первый слой. Второй слой содержит родий, второй церийсодержащий материал и второй носитель, где второй церийсодержащий материал не выдерживают перед внедрением во второй слой. Изобретение также включает в себя выхлопные системы, содержащие данный катализатор-ловушку NОх и способ очистки выхлопного газа, использующий данный катализатор-ловушку NОх. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение качества системы очистки выхлопных газов. 5 н. и 21 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл.

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫХ ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ФОРМОВАННЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ

Изобретение относится к способам изготовления каталитических формованных изделий и их использованию. Описан способ изготовления каталитически активных геометрических формованных изделий К, содержащих в качестве активной массы многоэлементный оксид I общей стехиометрии (I): [BiWO][MoZ Z FeZ ZgZ O](I), в которой Zозначает элемент или несколько элементов, выбранных из группы, включающей никель и кобальт, Zозначает элемент или несколько элементов, выбранных из группы, включающей щелочные металлы, щелочноземельные металлы и таллий, Zозначает элемент или несколько элементов, выбранных из группы, включающей цинк, фосфор, мышьяк, бор, сурьму, олово, церий, ванадий, хром и висмут, Zозначает элемент или несколько элементов, выбранных из группы, включающей кремний, алюминий, титан, вольфрам и цирконий, Zозначает элемент или несколько элементов, выбранных из группы, включающей медь, серебро, золото, иттрий, лантан и лантаноиды, а означает число от 0,1 до 3, b означает число от 0,1 до 10, с означает ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ОТРАБОТАВШИХ ГАЗОВ

Изобретение относится к катализатору для очистки отработавших газов, выпускаемых из двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Катализатор включает основной материал со множеством внутренних поверхностей стенок, сформированных множеством сквозных отверстий. Каждое из сквозных отверстий имеет центральную ось. Отверстия проходят сквозь основной материал от первой торцевой поверхности ко второй торцевой поверхности. На множестве внутренних поверхностей стенок сформировано множество каталитических слоев. Каждый из каталитических слоев подразделяется на первую область, пролегающую от первой торцевой поверхности ко второй торцевой поверхности на заданное расстояние, вторую область, пролегающую от второй торцевой поверхности к первой торцевой поверхности на заданное расстояние и третью область, расположенную между первой и второй областями. Каталитический слой сформирован таким образом, что расстояние (h1) от центральной оси сквозного отверстия до внутренней поверхности каталитического слоя в первой области ...

СПОСОБ IN-SITU ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПО МЕНЬШЕЙ МЕРЕ ОДНОГО ИЗ ТОЛУОЛА, ПАРА-КСИЛОЛА И НИЗШИХ ОЛЕФИНОВ, А ТАКЖЕ ПРОЦЕСС РЕАКЦИИ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу in-situ получения катализатора для получения по меньшей мере одного из толуола, пара-ксилола и низших олефинов, а также к процессу реакции получения по меньшей мере одного из толуола, пара-ксилола и низших олефинов, и относится к области химической технологии. Описан способ in-situ получения катализатора, в котором модификатор приводят в контакт с цеолитным молекулярным ситом в реакторе для in-situ получения катализатора для получения пара-ксилола, толуола и/или низших олефинов из сырьевого материала, содержащего метанол и/или диметиловый эфир; и реактор представляет собой реактор для получения пара-ксилола, толуола и/или низших олефинов из сырьевого материала, содержащего метанол и/или диметиловый эфир; при этом модификатор содержит по меньшей мере один из следующих модификаторов: Модификатор I: фосфорсодержащий реагент и силилирующий реагент; Модификатор II: силилирующий реагент; Модификатор III: силилирующий реагент и водяной пар; Модификатор ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ ФКК, СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ОКСИД БОРА

Описаны композиции крекинга с флюидизированным катализатором (ФКК), способы производства и их применение. Каталитическая композиция крекинга с флюидизированным катализатором (ФКК) для крекинга углеводородов включает нецеолитный матричный компонент, оксид бора, пропитывающий матрицу, и крекирующие частицы, где нецеолитный матричный компонент включает алюмосиликат и крекирующие частицы включают цеолит и нецеолитный компонент. Каталитическая композиция ФКК способствует уменьшению выработки кокса и водорода во время крекинга металлсодержащего сырья ФКК, по сравнению с каталитической композицией ФКК без оксида бора, пропитывающего нецеолитную матрицу и крекирующие частицы, которые включают цеолит и нецеолитный компонент. Оксид бора пассивирует сырье ФКК, имеющее высокое содержание металлов во время ФКК. Каталитические композиции ФКК могут быть применены для крегинга углеводородного сырья, особенно сырья остатков вакуумной перегонки, содержащего высокие уровни V и Ni, что приводит к меньшим выходам ...

Модифицированное молекулярное сито типа Y и способ его получения, катализатор гидрокрекинга и способ его получения и способ гидрокрекинга нефтяного масла

Изобретение относится к области техники гидрокрекинга, и в нем описывают модифицированное молекулярное сито типа Y и способ его получения, катализатор гидрокрекинга и способ его получения и способ гидрокрекинга нефтяного масла. Модифицированное молекулярное сито типа Y содержит 0,5-2 мас.% Na2O по отношению к общему количеству модифицированного молекулярного сита типа Y, причем отношение общего количества кислоты модифицированного молекулярного сита типа Y, измеренного с помощью пиридина и инфракрасной спектрометрии, и общего количества кислоты модифицированного молекулярного сита типа Y, измеренного с помощью н-бутилпиридина и инфракрасной спектрометрии, составляет 1-1,2, при этом общее количество кислоты модифицированного молекулярного сита типа Y, измеренное с помощью пиридина и инфракрасной спектрометрии, составляет 0,1-1,2 ммоль/г. Способ получения модифицированного молекулярного сита типа Y содержит следующие стадии: (1) предварительная обработка молекулярного сита NaY с получением ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОРНАЯ ЗАСЫПКА С ЗАКРУГЛЕННЫМИ НА ВНЕШНИХПОВЕРХНОСТЯХ ТРЕНИЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИ НЕАКТИВНЫМИ ФОРМОВАННЫМИ ИЗДЕЛИЯМИ

Изобретение относится к новым катализаторным засыпкам, содержащим физическую смесь каталитически активных и каталитически неактивных формованных изделий, причем каталитически неактивные формованные изделия имеют на внешней поверхности трения закругленные кромки. Технический результат - уменьшение механического износа внутри каталитической загрузки, сохранение низкой потери давления вдоль катализаторной засыпки. 1 з.п. ф-лы.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ РЗЭ-СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ЦЕОЛИТ, И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

... 1. Катализатор каталитического крекинга, где указанный катализатор каталитического крекинга имеет активный компонент крекинга, необязательный мезопористый алюмосиликатный материал, глину и связующее, где указанный активный компонент крекинга содержит, состоит по существу из или состоит из РЗЭ-содержащего Y-цеолита, необязательного другого Y-цеолита и необязательного МФИ-структурированного цеолита, причем указанный РЗЭ-содержащий Y-цеолит имеет содержание редкоземельного элемента, в расчете на оксид резкоземельного элемента, 10-25% мас., например, 11-23% мас., размер ячейки 2,440-2,472 нм, например, 2,450-2,470 нм, кристалличность 35-65%, например, 40-60%, атомное соотношение Si/Al в каркасе 2,5-5,0 и произведение отношения интенсивности Iпика при 2θ=1,8±0,1° к интенсивности Iпика при 2θ=12,3±0,1° (Ι/Ι) на рентгенограмме цеолита и массового процентного содержания редкоземельного элемента, в расчете на оксид резкоземельного элемента, в цеолите больше 48, например, больше 55.2. Катализатор ...

СПОСОБ ВВЕДЕНИЯ В ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЮ ПАРЦИАЛЬНОГО ГАЗОФАЗНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ АКРОЛЕИНА В АКРИЛОВУЮ КИСЛОТУ ИЛИ МЕТАРОЛЕИНА В МЕТАКРИЛОВУЮ КИСЛОТУ НА ГЕТЕРОГЕННОМ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЕ

... 1. Способ введения в эксплуатацию газофазного парциального окисления на гетерогенном катализаторе акролеина в акриловую кислоту и метакролеина в метакриловую кислоту на фиксированном слое катализатора, который находится в кожухотрубном реакторе в реакционных трубках вертикально расположенного пучка реакционных трубок, заключенного в кожух реактора, когда оба конца каждой из реакционных трубок открыты и каждая реакционная трубка своим верхним концом плотно входит в сквозное отверстие плотно встроенной в верхнюю часть кожуха реактора верхней трубной решетки, а своим нижним концом плотно входит в сквозное отверстие плотно встроенной в нижнюю часть кожуха реактора нижней трубной решетки, при этом внешняя поверхность реакционных трубок, верхняя и нижняя трубная решетки, а также кожух реактора вместе ограничивают пространство, окружающее реакционные трубки, при этом также каждая из двух трубных решеток закрыта крышкой реактора с не менее чем одним отверстием, когда для введения в эксплуатацию ...

КОМПОЗИТЫ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ДИЗЕЛЬНОГО ТОПЛИВА

... 1. Композит катализатора окисления для снижения выбросов отработавшего газа двигателя, работающего на обедненных смесях, содержащий:подложку носителя, которая имеет протяженность, входной конец и выходной конец, каталитический материал катализатора окисления на подложке, при этом каталитический материал катализатора окисления включает нижний слой покрытия из пористого оксида и верхний слой покрытия из пористого оксида;при этом нижний слой покрытия из пористого оксида включает подложку из тугоплавкого оксида металла, платиновый (Pt) компонент и палладиевый (Pd) компонент в массовом соотношении Pt к Pd в диапазоне, который составляет приблизительно 4:1-1:4; иверхний слой покрытия из пористого оксида включает цеолит, Pt и подложку из тугоплавкого оксида металла, верхний слой покрытия из пористого оксида в основном не содержит палладий, при этом композит катализатора окисления является эффективным для уменьшения углеводорода и монооксида углерода, и окисляет NO до NOв выхлопных газах двигателя ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ СМЕСИ

... 1. Композиция катализатора, включающая в себя смесь алюмосиликатного молекулярного сита с каркасом СНА и кремнийалюмофосфатного молекулярного сита с каркасом СНА, в которойа. алюмосиликатное молекулярное сито и кремнийалюмофосфатное молекулярное сито присутствуют в молярном соотношении алюмосиликат:кремнийалюмофосфат от около 0,8:1,0 до около 1,2:1,0, иb. указанное алюмосиликатное молекулярное сито включает в себя первый внерешеточный металл, указанное кремнийалюмофосфатное молекулярное сито включает в себя второй внерешеточный металл, где указанные первый и второй внерешеточные металлы независимо выбирают из группы, включающей в себя цезий, медь, никель, цинк, железо, олово, вольфрам, молибден, кобальт, висмут, титан, цирконий, сурьму, марганец, хром, ванадий, ниобий и их сочетания, где указанный первый внерешеточный металл присутствует в количестве от около 2 до около 4 массовых процентов, из расчета на массу алюмосиликата, и где массовое соотношение указанного первого внерешеточного ...

СИСТЕМА НЕЙТРАЛИЗАЦИИ ВРЕДНЫХ ВЫБРОСОВ ДЛЯ ТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СРЕДСТВ С БЕНЗИНОВЫМИ ДВИГАТЕЛЯМИ

... 1. Система нейтрализации отработавших газов для бензиновых двигателей, содержащая расположенный вблизи двигателя трехкомпонентный каталитический нейтрализатор (ТКН) отработавших газов и расположенный за ним по потоку отработавших газов каталитический фильтр твердых частиц для бензиновых двигателей (ФТЧ-БД), имеющий проницаемые стенки, причем количество металлов платиновой группы в ТКН по меньшей мере в пять раз превышает количество металлов платиновой группы в ФТЧ-БД.2. Система по п. 1, в которой оба нейтрализующих отработавшие газы устройства содержат в качестве металлов платиновой группы палладий и родий.3. Система по п. 1 или 2, в которой расположенный первым по потоку отработавших газов ТКН находится на расстоянии примерно от 5 до 30 см от выпускного отверстия двигателя, выходного отверстия выпускного коллектора или турбонагнетателя по потоку отработавших газов.4. Система по п. 1 или 2, в которой расположенный вторым по потоку отработавших газов ФТЧ-БД находится на расстоянии примерно ...

САМОАКТИВИРУЮЩИЙСЯ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ГИДРОПРОЦЕССИНГА И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ТЯЖЕЛОГО УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ

... 1. Самоактивирующийся катализатор гидропроцессинга для обработки тяжелого углеводородного сырья, где указанный катализатор содержит: прокаленную частицу, включающую в себя совместно измельченную смесь, полученную при совместном измельчении порошкообразного неорганического оксида, порошкообразного триоксида молибдена и соединения никеля, с последующим формованием данной совместно измельченной смеси в частицу, которую прокаливают, получая, в результате, прокаленную частицу, где данная прокаленная частица содержит молибден, находящийся в количестве от 1 до 10 массовых процентов, в виде металла и из расчета на общую массу указанной прокаленной частицы, и никель, находящийся в таком количестве, чтобы массовое соотношение указанного никеля к указанному молибдену составляло менее 0,4, и при этом указанная прокаленная частица имеет такое распределение пор по размерам, что менее 70% от общего объема пор указанной прокаленной частицы приходится на поры указанной прокаленной частицы с диаметром от ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОРОШКА ПРОВОДЯЩЕГО СОЕДИНЕНИЯ ТИПА МАЙЕНИТА

... 1. Способ получения соединения типа майенита, способ включает(1) стадию формирования порошка - предшественника соединения типа майенита посредством воздействия на смесь порошка исходных материалов соединения типа майенита и воды гидротермальной обработки;(2) стадию формирования порошка соединения типа майенита посредством дегидратирования порошка предшественника посредством нагрева,(3) стадию формирования порошка активированного соединения типа майенита посредством нагрева порошка соединения типа майенита в атмосфере инертного газа или в вакууме в диапазоне температур от 400˚C до 1000˚C в течение трех часов или больше и(4) стадию инжекции электронов в соединение типа майенита посредством смешивания порошка активированного соединения типа майенита с восстанавливающим агентом и нагрева полученной в результате смеси в диапазоне температур от 400˚C до 1100˚C для осуществления восстановительной обработки, где получают порошок проводящего соединения типа майенита, имеющий концентрацию электронов ...

ПОКРЫТИЕ ДЛЯ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ОКСИДОВ АЗОТА

... 1. Каталитическое покрытие для применения в качестве гидролитического катализатора (Г-катализатора) для восстановления оксидов азота, отличающееся тем, что в качестве соединения, адсорбирующего HNCO и оксиды азота, Г-катализатор содержит лантан и дополнительно содержит одно или несколько соединений, являющееся или являющихся щелочным и/или щелочно-земельным металлом, и/или иттрием, и/или гафнием, и/или празеодимом, и/или галлием, и/или цирконием.2. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит каталитическое покрытие на основе диоксида титана, предпочтительно в форме анатаза, на основе SiO, на основе цеолита, предпочтительно ZSM-5 и/или в бета форме, и/или на основе двуокиси циркония.3. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит восстановитель, являющийся мочевиной и/или восстановитель, включающий NHгруппу (i=1-4).4. Каталитическое покрытие по п. 1, отличающееся тем, что Г-катализатор содержит соединение, адсорбирующее ...

МОНОЛИТНАЯ ПОДЛОЖКА С КАТАЛИЗАТОРОМ SCR

... 1. Монолитная подложка, имеющая длину L и включающая первую зону, по существу, постоянной длины, ограничиваемую на одном конце первым концом монолитной подложки, при этом, первая зона содержит катализатор селективного каталитического восстановления (SCR), предназначенный для восстановления оксидов азота азотистым восстановителем в выхлопном газе, выбрасываемом двигателем внутреннего сгорания, и вторую зону, по существу, постоянной длины, меньше L, ограничиваемую на одном конце вторым концом монолитной подложки, при этом, вторая зона содержит (а) по меньшей мере, один оксид металла в форме частиц или смесь любых двух или более оксидов металлов, предназначенных для улавливания газофазного металла платиновой группы (PGM), при этом указанный, по меньшей мере, один оксид металла в форме частиц не выполняет функцию подложки для какого-либо другого каталитического компонента; или (b) компонент, способный улавливать и/или сплавляться с газофазным PGM.2. Монолитная подложка по п. 1, в которой, по ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ УДАЛЕНИЯ ОКСИДОВ АЗОТА ИЗ ОТРАБОТАВШИХ ГАЗОВ ДИЗЕЛЬНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

... 1. Катализатор для удаления оксидов азота из отработавших газов (ОГ) дизельных двигателей, состоящий из носителя длиной L и каталитически активного покрытия из одной или нескольких материальных зон, содержащих- цеолит или цеолитоподобное соединение, содержащий/содержащее медь в количестве от 1 до 10 мас.% в пересчете на всю его массу и выбранный/выбранное из группы, включающей шабазит, SAPO-34, ALPO-34 и β-цеолит, и- по меньшей мере одно соединение, выбранное из группы, включающей оксид бария, гидроксид бария, карбонат бария, оксид стронция, гидроксид стронция, карбонат стронция, оксид празеодима, оксид лантана, оксид магния, смешанный оксид магния и алюминия, оксид щелочного металла, гидроксид щелочного металла, карбонат щелочного металла и их смеси.2. Катализатор по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что цеолит, соответственно цеолитоподобное соединение, имеет средний размер пор менее 4 ангстрем и выбран/выбрано из группы, включающей шабазит, SAPO-34 и ALPO-34.3. Катализатор по п. 1 или 2, отличающийся ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НЕНАСЫЩЕННОГО АЛЬДЕГИДА И/ИЛИ НЕНАСЫЩЕННОЙ КАРБОНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

ЗОНИРОВАННЫЙ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ НЕЙТРАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ ВЫБРОСОВ N2O

СПОСОБ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ГЕТЕРОГЕННО КАТАЛИЗИРУЕМОГО ЧАСТИЧНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ В ГАЗОВОЙ ФАЗЕ ПРОПЕНА В АКРОЛЕИН

... 1. Способ длительного проведения гетерогенно катализируемого частичного окисления в газовой фазе пропена в акролеин, при котором исходную реакционную газовую смесь, содержащую пропен, молекулярный кислород и, по меньшей мере, один инертный газ-разбавитель, пропускают через находящийся при повышенной температуре катализаторный неподвижный слой, катализаторы которого выполнены так, что их активная масса содержит, по меньшей мере, один оксид мультиметалла, который содержит элементы молибден и/или вольфрам, а также, по меньшей мере, один из элементов висмут, теллур, сурьма, олово и медь, и при котором для противодействия дезактивации катализаторного неподвижного слоя в течение времени повышают температуру катализаторного неподвижного слоя, отличающийся тем, что частичное окисление в газовой фазе, по меньшей мере, один раз в календарный год прерывают и при температуре катализаторного неподвижного слоя от 250 до 550°С через катализаторный неподвижный слой пропускают содержащую молекулярный кислород ...

УСТРОЙСТВО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВЫБРОСОМ ОТРАБОТАВШИХ ГАЗОВ ДЛЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЯ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ

Изобретение относится к области очистки отработанных газов двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Устройство управления выбросом отработавших газов для двигателя включает в себя электронный блок управления (ECU). ECU может выполнять управление для удаления твердых частиц посредством управления двигателем так, что температура сажевого фильтра повышается до заданной температуры удаления PM для того, чтобы уменьшать количество твердых частиц, накопившихся в сажевом фильтре; и когда ECU определяет, что количество твердых частиц, накопившихся в сажевом фильтре, меньше или равно заданной установленной величине накопления, выполнять управление для десорбции золы посредством управления двигателем так, что температура сажевого фильтра увеличивается до заданной температуры десорбции золы и поддерживается равной температуре десорбции золы или выше для того, чтобы уменьшать количество золы, осевшей в сажевом фильтре. Температура десорбции золы является температурой, подходящей для преобразования золы в оксид ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР И СПОСОБ СИНТЕЗА АРОМАТИЧЕСКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ПУТЕМ ПРЯМОЙ КОНВЕРСИИ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

Настоящее изобретение относится к технологии синтеза ароматических углеводородов из синтез-газа, в частности, относится к катализатору и способу синтеза ароматических углеводородов путем прямой конверсии синтез-газа. В способе синтез-газ используется как сырье, и способ осуществляется в реакторе с неподвижным слоем или с движущимся слоем. Давление синтез-газа составляет 0,1-6 МПа, температура реакции составляет 300-600°C, и объемная скорость составляет 500-8000 ч. В качестве катализатора используют катализатор, который является составным катализатором, состоящим из компонентов A и B и образованным компаундированием каталитического компонента A и каталитического компонента B в режиме механического смешения. Активной составляющей каталитического компонента A являются активные оксиды металла, а каталитический компонент B представляет собой одно или оба из цеолита ZSM-5 и модифицированного металлом, выбранного из Zn, Ga, Sn, Mn, Ag, Zr цеолита ZSM-5. Активный оксид металла представляет собой ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР И СПОСОБ АРОМАТИЗАЦИИ С-СГАЗОВ, ЛЕГКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ ФРАКЦИЙ АЛИФАТИЧЕСКИХ СПИРТОВ, А ТАКЖЕ ИХ СМЕСЕЙ

Изобретение относится к технологии переработки углеводородного сырья, в частности к катализаторам и технологии ароматизации углеводородных газов С-С, легких низкооктановых углеводородных фракций и кислородсодержащих соединений, а также их смесей с получением концентрата ароматических углеводородов. Катализатор содержит механическую смесь двух цеолитов. Первый цеолит охарактеризован силикатным модулем SiO/AlO=20. Цеолит предварительно обработан водным раствором щелочи и модифицирован оксидами редкоземельных элементов в количестве от 0,5 до 2,0 мас.% от массы первого цеолита. Второй цеолит охарактеризован силикатным модулем SiO/AlO=82. Цеолит содержит остаточные количества оксида натрия 0,04 мас.% от массы второго цеолита и модифицирован оксидом магния в количестве от 0,5 до 5,0 мас.% от массы второго цеолита. Цеолиты использованы в массовом соотношении от 1,7/1 до 2,8/1. Связующее содержит, по меньшей мере, оксид кремния и использовано в количестве от 20 до 25 мас.% от массы катализатора ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ

Настоящее изобретение относится к катализатору для селективного восстановления оксидов азота, имеющему два каталитически активных слоя А и Б, при этом слой А содержит оксидный носитель, а также компоненты А1 и А2, а слой Б содержит оксидный носитель, а также компоненты Б1, Б2 и Б3, где А1 и Б1 обозначают по меньшей мере один оксид ванадия, А2 и Б2 обозначают по меньшей мере один оксид вольфрама и Б3 обозначает по меньшей мере один оксид кремния, отличающийся тем, что доля компонента А1 в слое А в мас. % в пересчете на общую массу этого слоя А больше, чем доля компонента Б1 в слое Б в мас. % в пересчете на общую массу этого слоя Б, а доля слоя А в мас. % в пересчете на общую массу слоев А и Б больше, чем доля слоя Б. Также заявлены способ снижения оксидов азота в отработавших газах (ОГ), работающих на обедненных смесях двигателей внутреннего сгорания с использованием указанного выше катализатора, система снижения токсичности отработавших газов (ОГ), имеющая указанный выше катализатор и способ ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ОКИСЛЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ВЫХЛОПНЫХ ГАЗОВ ДВИГАТЕЛЯ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ

Изобретение относится к катализирующей монолитной основе, содержащей окислительный катализатор на монолитной основе для применения при обработке выхлопных газов, выпускаемых из двигателя внутреннего сгорания, работающего на обедненных топливных смесях. Данная катализирующая монолитная основа содержит первое покрытие из пористого оксида, имеющее длину L, и второе покрытие из пористого оксида, где второе покрытие из пористого оксида расположено в виде слоя поверх первого покрытия из пористого оксида на протяжении по меньшей мере части длины L, где первое покрытие из пористого оксида включает композицию катализатора, содержащую платину, и по меньшей мере один материал-носитель для платины, где второе покрытие из пористого оксида включает композицию катализатора, содержащую как платину, так и палладий, и по меньшей мере один материал-носитель для платины и палладия, и где массовое отношение платины к палладию во втором покрытии из пористого оксида составляет <2, причем массовое отношение Pt ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ИЗ ОКСИДОВ УГЛЕРОДА И ВОДОРОДА

Использование: нефтехимия. Сущность: синтез-газ, содержащий Н2, СО и СО2, контактируют в первой реакционной зоне с бифункциональным катализатором, состоящим из металлоксидного компонента состава, мас.%: ZnO - 65-70, Cr2О3 - 29-34, W2O5 - не более 1 и кислотного компонента, состоящего из цеолита со структурой ZSM-5 или ZSM-11, цеолита типа бета или кристаллического силикоалюмофосфата со структурой SAPO-5, при мольном отношении SiO2/Al2O3 не более 200, а во второй реакционной зоне используют монофункциональный кислотный катализатор, содержащий цеолит со структурой ZSM-5 или ZSM-11, имеющий мольное отношение SiO2/Al2O3 не более 200. Технический результат: повышение селективности по С5+ углеводородам и увеличение выхода С5+ углеводородов на поданный синтез-газ. 6 з.п. ф-лы., 2 табл.

КАТАЛИЗАТОР СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША НА ОСНОВЕ КОБАЛЬТА, ПОКРЫТЫЙ МЕЗОПОРИСТЫМИ МАТЕРИАЛАМИ, И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Описан катализатор синтеза Фишера-Тропша на основе кобальта, покрытый мезопористым материалом, и способ его получения. Катализатор содержит кремнеземный носитель, насыщенный на поверхности активным компонентом кобальта и селективным промотором циркония; снаружи активный компонент кобальта и селективный промотор циркония покрыт слоем оболочки мезопористого материала. Способ получения включает в себя получение кремнеземного носителя, насыщенного цирконием, получение первичного катализатора синтеза Фишера-Тропша на основе кобальта на кремнеземном носителе, приготовление раствора-прекурсора мезопористых материалов, дальнейшее погружение, кристаллизацию, промывку, сушку и прокаливание для получения катализатора синтеза Фишера-Тропша на основе кобальта с покрытием мезопористых материалов. Активный компонент покрыт и защищен слоем оболочки мезопористого материала, толщина слоя оболочки регулируется, катализатор имеет длительный срок службы, высокую реакционную способность и хорошую стабильность ...

УЛУЧШЕННЫЙ КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКТИВНОГО ОКИСЛЕНИЯ СЕРОВОДОРОДА

Данное изобретение относится к области селективного окисления серосодержащих соединений, в частности сероводорода. Изобретение касается неподвижного слоя катализатора для селективного окисления сероводорода кислородом, причем данный составной слой катализатора содержит слой первого катализатора и слой второго катализатора, где слой первого катализатора включает частицы первого катализатора, которые содержат первый материал носителя, содержащий кремнезем, и первый оксид металла, содержащий FeO, и слой второго катализатора включает частицы второго катализатора, которые содержат второй материал носителя, содержащий кремнезем, и второй оксид металла, содержащий FeO, где указанные частицы первого катализатора имеют более высокую загрузку FeOв расчете на общую массу частиц первого катализатора, чем загрузка FeOдля указанных частиц второго катализатора в расчете на общую массу частиц второго катализатора, при этом указанная загрузка FeOдля частиц второго катализатора составляет менее чем 3% в ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ НЕНАСЫЩЕННОГО АЛЬДЕГИДА И/ИЛИ НЕНАСЫЩЕННОЙ КАРБОНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИ НЕАКТИВНЫЙ ТЕПЛОВОЙ ГЕНЕРАТОР И УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС ДЕГИДРИРОВАНИЯ

... 1. Система катализаторного слоя для использования в адиабатических неокислительных процессах дегидрирования, содержащая катализатор дегидрирования, включающий в себя следующие отдельные компоненты, физически соединенные друг с другом: ! a) активный компонент, выбранный из оксида металла Группы 4, Группы 5, Группы 6 и их сочетаний, и подложку, выбранную из оксида алюминия, глиноземов, моногидрата оксида алюминия, тригидрата оксида алюминия, оксида алюминия-оксида кремния, переходных оксидов алюминия, альфа-оксида алюминия, оксида кремния, силикатов, алюминатов, кальцинированных гидроталькитов, цеолитов и их сочетаний; ! b) первый инертный материал, в качестве которого выбран любой из материалов, которые являются каталитически неактивными в условиях реакции, в которых можно осуществить дегидрирование олефинов, и которые обладают высокой плотностью и высокой теплоемкостью, и которые не способны выделять тепло в ходе какой-либо стадии процесса дегидрирования; и ! c) вторичный компонент, содержащий ...

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МНОГОСЛОЙНОГО КАТАЛИЗАТОРА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФТАЛЕВОГО АНГИДРИДА

... 1. Применение катализатора для получения фталевого ангидрида путем парофазного окисления ортоксилола и/или нафталина, содержащего по меньшей мере один слой, расположенный со стороны поступления газа, второй слой, расположенный ближе к выходу газа, и третий слой, расположенный еще ближе к выходу или у выхода газа, причем слои катализатора, предпочтительно, все включают активную массу с содержанием TiO2, причем активность первого слоя катализатора выше активности его второго слоя. 2. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что активность катализатора от второго слоя катализатора к его третьему слою возрастает. 3. Применение по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что активность катализатора от третьего слоя к четвертому, а в случае необходимости и далее к его пятому слою возрастает. 4. Применение по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что всего имеется четыре или пять слоев катализатора, в частности четыре. 5. Применение по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что протяженность первого слоя катализатора составляет ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, ЕЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ И СПОСОБ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ УКАЗАННОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ

СПОСОБ КРЕКИНГА И УЛУЧШЕННЫЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ДЛЯ ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ УКАЗАННОГО СПОСОБА

... 1. Способ крекинга углеводородных смесей, отличающийся тем, что способ осуществляют в присутствии катализатора, содержащего цеолит ERS-10. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором катализатор содержит два различных компонента: (а) компонент, содержащий один или более катализаторов крекинга, и (b) компонент, содержащий цеолит ERS-10. ! 3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что способ представляет собой крекинг с псевдоожиженным слоем катализатора. ! 4. Способ по п.1, выполняемый в присутствии катализатора, включающего: ! a) первый компонент, содержащий один или более катализаторов, выбранных из цеолитов, аморфных катализаторов крекинга на основе неорганических оксидов и кристаллических нецеолитовых катализаторов крекинга на основе неорганических оксидов, ! b) второй компонент, содержащий цеолит ERS-10. ! 5. Способ по пп.2, 3 или 4, в котором катализатор или смесь катализаторов, содержащихся в компоненте (а), распределены в матрице из неорганического оксида. ! 6. Способ по п.4, в котором в компоненте ...

АЛЮМОСИЛИКАТНЫЙ ЦЕОЛИТ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЙ ПЕРЕХОДНЫЙ МЕТАЛЛ

... 1. Синтетический алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор, содержащий, по меньшей мере, один каталитически активный переходный металл, выбранный из группы, состоящей из Cu, Fe, Hf, La, Au, In, V, лантаноидов и переходных металлов VIII группы, который представляет собой алюмосиликатный цеолит с небольшими порами, имеющий максимальный размером кольца, составляющий восемь тетраэдрических атомов, причем средний размер кристаллитов алюмосиликатного цеолита, определенный сканирующей электронной микроскопией, составляет >0,50 мкм.2. Алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор по п.1, в котором, по меньшей мере, один каталитически активный переходный металл представляет собой медь, железо или медь и железо.3. Алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор по п.1 или 2, в котором, по меньшей мере, один каталитически активный переходный металл является медью.4. Алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор по п.1, в котором средний размер кристаллитов составляет >1,00 мкм.5. Алюмосиликатный цеолитный катализатор по п.1, в ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗДЕЛИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ МЕТАЛЛЫ ПЛАТИНОВОЙ ГРУППЫ И МЕТАЛЛЫ НЕ ПЛАТИНОВОЙ ГРУППЫ, И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

НОСИТЕЛЬ КАТАЛИЗАТОРА, КАТАЛИЗАТОР И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

... 1. Носитель катализатора, содержащий по меньшей мере 85 масс. процентов альфа-оксида алюминия, по меньшей мере 0,06 мас.% SiOи не более 0,04 мас.% NaO, обладающий водопоглощением не более 0,35 грамм воды/грамм носителя и отношением водопоглощения (грамм воды/грамм носителя) к площади поверхности (мносителя/грамм носителя) не более 0,50 грамм воды/мносителя.2. Носитель по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что содержание SiOне превышает 0,40 мас.%.3. Носитель по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что содержание SiOне превышает 0,30 мас.%.4. Носитель по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что содержание NaO не превышает 0,03 мас.%.5. Носитель по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что содержит по меньшей мере 0,15 мас.% SiO.6. Носитель по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что указанное отношение не превышает 0,45 г/м.7. Носитель по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что указанное отношение не превышает 0,40 г/м.8. Носитель по п. 1, отличающийся тем, что указанное водопоглощение не превышает 0,30 г/г.9. Носитель по п. 8, отличающийся тем, что указанная площадь ...

ЭЛЕМЕНТ ДЛЯ ПОДАВЛЕНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СЕРОВОДОРОДА И КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ ВЫХЛОПНЫХ ГАЗОВ

... 1. Элемент, подавляющий образование сероводорода, содержащий: ! часть, адсорбирующую серу, содержащую оксид, включающий в себя, по меньшей мере, оксид церия, и расположенную на верхней стороне относительно течения потока выхлопного газа; и ! часть, высвобождающую серу, обладающую поверхностной кислотностью большей, чем поверхностная кислотность части, адсорбирующей серу, и расположенную на нижней стороне относительно течения потока выхлопного газа. ! 2. Элемент, подавляющий образование сероводорода по п.1, в котором часть, высвобождающая серу, содержит оксид титана. ! 3. Элемент, подавляющий образование сероводорода по п.1, в котором часть, адсорбирующая серу, покрыта, по меньшей мере, одним металлом, выбранным из группы, состоящей из щелочноземельных металлов и редкоземельных элементов. ! 4. Элемент, подавляющий образование сероводорода по п.3, в котором, по меньшей мере, один упомянутый металл, выбранный из группы, состоящей из щелочноземельных металлов и редкоземельных элементов, нанесен ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ГИДРОПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ТЯЖЕЛЫХ МАСЕЛ

... 1. Каталитическая система, применяемая для гидропереработки тяжелых масел, отличающаяся тем, что она включает: ! а. катализатор, имеющий функцию катализатора гидрирования, содержащий МоS2 или WS2 или их смеси в форме пластинок, или их маслорастворимый предшественник; ! b. сокатализатор, включающий частицы наноразмеров или микронных размеров, выбранный из катализаторов крекинга и/или денитрификации. ! 2. Каталитическая система по п.1, в которой сокатализатор состоит из цеолитов, имеющих кристаллы небольших размеров и низкую степень агрегации первичных частиц, и/или оксидов или сульфидов, или предшественников сульфидов Ni, и/или Со, в смеси с Мо и/или W. !3. Каталитическая система по п.2, в которой цеолиты выбраны из группы, включающей цеолиты с промежуточными или крупными размерами пор. ! 4. Каталитическая система по п.3, в которой цеолиты с промежуточными или крупными размерами пор выбраны из бета-цеолита, цеолита Y и МСМ-22. ! 5. Каталитическая система по п.2, в которой сокатализатор, ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОР ДЕГИДРОВАНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Method for producing catalyst composition, catalyst composition, diesel particulate filter using the same, and exhaust gas purification system

Provided is a catalyst having the ability to combust PM at relatively low temperatures and having high HC and CO removal (conversion) efficiency even at the above operating temperature. In the catalyst composition, at least one kind of platinum group element selected from Pt, Rh, and Pd is dispersed in and supported by a platinum group-supporting carrier containing at least one kind of element selected from Zr, Al, Y, Si, Bi, Pr, and Tb, and the platinum group-supporting carrier is supported on the surface of a Ce oxide containing Ce as an essential component. The catalyst composition has both PM combustion activity and gas purification activity.

NOVEL MIXED OXIDE MATERIALS FOR THE SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN EXHAUST GASES

The invention relates to the use of mixed oxides made of cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, rare earth sesquioxide and niobium oxide as catalytically active materials for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia or a compound that can decompose to form ammonia in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines in motor vehicles that are predominantly leanly operated, and to compositions or catalysts which contain said mixed oxides in combination with zeolite compounds and/or zeolite-like compounds and are suitable for the denitrogenation of lean motor vehicle exhaust gases in all essential operating states. 1. A process for the selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides , comprising reducing nitrogen oxides with a catalytically active mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide , niobium oxide , rare earth metal sesquioxide and zirconium oxide.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixed oxide is present in a catalytically active coating applied to a catalytically inert support body which together with the coating forms a catalyst.4. A catalytically active composition comprising (i) a mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide claim 1 , rare earth metal sesquioxide and zirconium oxide and (ii) a zeolite compound and/or a zeolite-like compound containing exchangeable cations selected from the group consisting of H claim 1 , NH claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag and mixtures thereof.5. A catalyst comprising (i) a mixed oxide consisting of cerium oxide claim 1 , niobium oxide claim 1 , rare earth metal sesquioxide and zirconium oxide and (ii) a zeolite compound and/or a zeolite-like compound containing exchangeable cations selected from the group consisting of H claim 1 , NH claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag and mixtures thereof.6. The catalyst as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the zeolite compound and/or the zeolite-like compound is selected from the group ...

CATALYST FOR REMOVING NITROGEN OXIDES FROM THE EXHAUST GAS OF DIESEL ENGINES

The invention relates to a catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of diesel engines, and to a process for reducing the level of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas of diesel engines. The catalyst consists of a support body of length L and of a catalytically active coating which in turn may be formed from one or more material zones. The material zones comprise a copper-containing zeolite or a zeolite-like compound. The materials used include chabazite, SAPO-34, ALPO-34 and zeolite β. In addition, the material zones comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium/aluminum mixed oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof. Noble metal may optionally also be present in the catalyst. 1. A catalyst for removal of nitrogen oxides from the exhaust gas of diesel engines , comprised of a support body of length L and of a catalytically active coating composed of one or more material zones comprising:a zeolite or a zeolite-like compound containing 1-10% by weight of copper, based on the total weight of the zeolite or of the zeolite-like compound, the zeolite or the zeolite-like compound being selected from the group consisting of chabazite, SAPO-34, ALPO-34 and zeolite β; andat least one compound selected from the group consisting of barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium carbonate, strontium oxide, strontium hydroxide, strontium carbonate, praseodymium oxide, lanthanum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium/aluminum mixed oxide, alkali metal oxide, alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal carbonate and mixtures thereof.2. The catalyst as claimed in claim 1 ,whereinthe zeolite or the zeolite-like compound has an average mean pore size less than 4 Angstrom and is selected from the group consisting of chabazite, SAPO-34 and ...

THREE-WAY CATALYST HAVING AN UPSTREAM SINGLE-LAYER CATALYST

Disclosed herein is a layered three-way catalytic system being separated in a front and a rear portion having the capability of simultaneously catalyzing the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. Provided is a catalyst composite comprising a single front catalytic layer and two rear catalytic layers in conjunction with a substrate, where the single font layer and the rear bottom layer comprise a Pd component, the rear top layer comprises a Rh component, and the rear bottom layer is substantially free of an oxygen storage component (OSC). 1. A catalyst composite for the purification of exhaust gases of a combustion engine substantially running under stoichiometric conditions comprising in sequence and in order:a front single catalytic layer on a substrate; and{'sup': st', 'nd, 'a rear double layer on a substrate having a 1(lower) catalytic layer and a 2(upper) catalytic layer;'}{'sup': 'nd', 'wherein the 2catalytic layer comprises rhodium as a platinum group metal; and'}{'sup': 'st', 'wherein the front single catalytic layer and the 1catalytic layer comprise palladium as a platinum group metal compound;'}{'sup': 'st', 'wherein the 1catalytic layer is substantially free of an oxygen storage component (OSC); and'}wherein the front single catalytic layer forms a front zone and the rear double layer forms a rear zone where the catalyst composite is a single-brick system or the front single catalytic layer is located in a front brick and the rear double layer is located in a rear brick where the catalyst composite is a multi-brick system.2. The catalyst composite according to claim 1 , wherein the 1catalytic layer comprises less than 1% of an oxygen storage component (OSC) by weight of the layer.3. The catalyst composite according to claim 1 , wherein the PGM content of the layers are as follows:front single catalytic layer—0.01-12.0% by weight of the layer;{'sup': 'st', '1catalytic layer—0.05-6.0% by weight of the layer; and ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING MICRO-NANO COMBINED ACTIVE SYSTEMS

The invention relates to a method for producing micro-nano combined active systems in which nanoparticles of a first component are bonded to microparticles of a second component, comprising the following steps: (a) producing a low-ligand colloidal suspension containing nanoparticles of the first component, (b) adding microparticles to the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles or adding the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles to a dispersion containing the microparticles and intensively mixing so that the nanoparticles adsorb onto the microparticles, (c) separating the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto from the liquid and drying the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto. 1. Method for producing micro-nano combined active systems in which nanoparticles of a first component are bonded to microparticles of a second component , comprising the following steps:a. Producing a low-ligand colloidal suspension containing nanoparticles of the first componentb. Adding microparticles to the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles or adding the colloidal suspension containing the nanoparticles to a dispersion containing the microparticles and intensively mixing, so that the nanoparticles adsorb onto the microparticlesc. Separating the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto from the liquid and drying the microparticles and the nanoparticles bonded thereto.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein for production of the colloidal suspension claim 1 , containing low-ligand nanoparticles claim 1 , a substrate claim 1 , containing the first component claim 1 , is ablated by absorption of a laser beam claim 1 , whereby the substrate claim 1 , containing the first component claim 1 , is positioned in a liquid in a way claim 1 , that the vaporized substrate immediately solidifies in the liquid claim 1 , forming a colloidal suspension of nanoparticles.3. Method according to claim 2 , wherein the laser is an ...

AMMONIA OXIDATION CATALYST, EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE USING SAME, AND EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION METHOD

Ammonia oxidation catalyst being superior in heat resistance and capable of suppressing by-production of NO and leakage of ammonia. The ammonia oxidation catalyst (AMOX) removes surplus ammonia, in selectively reducing nitrogen oxides by adding urea or ammonia and using a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst, into exhaust gas, wherein the ammonia oxidation catalyst is made by coating at least two catalyst layers having a catalyst layer (lower layer) including a catalyst supported a noble metal element on a composite oxide (A) having titania and silica as main components, and a catalyst layer (upper layer) including a composite oxide (C) consisting of tungsten oxide, ceria, and zirconia, at the surface of an integral structure-type substrate, wherein a composition of the composite oxide (C) is tungsten oxide: 1 to 50% by weight, ceria: 1 to 60% by weight, and zirconia: 30 to 90% by weight. 1. An ammonia oxidation catalyst (AMOX) for oxidizing and removing surplus ammonia , in selectively reducing nitrogen oxides by adding urea or ammonia as a reducing agent of the nitrogen oxides and using a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst , into exhaust gas discharged from a lean-burn engine ,comprising by coating at least two catalyst layers having a catalyst layer (lower layer) comprising a catalyst supported a noble metal element on an inorganic base material of a composite oxide (A) having titania and silica as main components, and a catalyst layer (upper layer) comprising a composite oxide (C) consisting of tungsten oxide, ceria, and zirconia, at the surface of an integral structure-type substrate, characterized in that a composition of the composite oxide (C) is tungsten oxide: 1 to 50% by weight, ceria: 1 to 60% by weight, and zirconia: 30 to 90% by weight.2. The ammonia oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , characterized in that the composition of the composite oxide (A) is titania: 60 to 99% by weight and silica: 1 to 40% by weight.3. The ammonia ...

OLIGOSACCHARIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF PRODUCING THEREOF

Described herein are methods of producing prebiotic compositions that are made up of oligosaccharide compositions, as well as methods of using such prebiotic compositions in nutritional compositions and methods of producing such oligosaccharide and nutritional compositions. 1. A method of producing a prebiotic composition , comprising: wherein the catalyst comprises acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone, or', 'wherein the catalyst comprises a solid support, acidic moieties attached to the solid support, and ionic moieties attached to the solid support; and, 'combining feed sugar with a catalyst to form a reaction mixture, wherein the catalyst comprises acidic moieties and ionic moieties,'}producing a prebiotic composition from at least a portion of the reaction mixture2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises acidic monomers and ionic monomers connected to form a polymeric backbone.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each acidic monomer independently comprises at least one Bronsted-Lowry acid.4. The method of or claim 2 , wherein each ionic monomer independently comprises at least one nitrogen-containing cationic group claim 2 , at least one phosphorous-containing cationic group claim 2 , or a combination thereof.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a solid support claim 1 , acidic moieties attached to the solid support claim 1 , and ionic moieties attached to the solid support.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the solid support comprises a material claim 5 , wherein the material is selected from the group consisting of carbon claim 5 , silica claim 5 , silica gel claim 5 , alumina claim 5 , magnesia claim 5 , titania claim 5 , zirconia claim 5 , clays claim 5 , magnesium silicate claim 5 , silicon carbide claim 5 , zeolites claim 5 , ceramics claim 5 , and any combinations thereof.7. The method of or claim 5 , wherein each acidic moiety independently has at least one Bronsted-Lowry acid.8. The ...

PEROVSKITE WITH AN OVLERLAYER SCR COMPONENT AS AN AMMONIA OXIDATION CATALYST AND A SYSTEM FOR EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL ON DIESEL ENGINES

An ammonia slip control catalyst having a layer containing perovskite and a separate layer containing an SCR catalyst is described. The ammonia slip catalyst can have two stacked layers, with the top overlayer containing an SCR catalyst, and the bottom layer containing a perovskite. The ammonia slip catalyst can alternatively be arranged in sequential layers, with the SCR catalyst being upstream in the flow of exhaust gas relative to the perovskite. A system comprising the ammonia slip catalyst upstream of a PGM-containing ammonia oxidation catalyst and methods of using the system are described. The system allows for high ammonia oxidation with good nitrogen selectivity. Methods of making and using the ammonia slip catalyst to reduce ammonia slip and selectively convert ammonia to Nare described. 1. An ammonia slip catalyst comprising a first layer comprising an SCR catalyst and a second layer comprising a perovskite , wherein the first layer is arranged to contact an exhaust gas before the second layer.2. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first layer is an overlayer located over the second layer.3. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first layer is supported on a first support material and the second layer is supported on a second support material.4. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the SCR catalyst comprises an oxide of a base metal claim 1 , a molecular sieve claim 1 , a metal exchanged molecular sieve or a mixture thereof.5. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the base metal is selected from the group consisting of cerium (Ce) claim 4 , chromium (Cr) claim 4 , cobalt (Co) claim 4 , copper (Cu) claim 4 , iron (Fe) claim 4 , manganese (Mn) claim 4 , molybdenum (Mo) claim 4 , nickel (Ni) claim 4 , tungsten (W) and vanadium (V) claim 4 , and mixtures thereof.6. The ammonia slip catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the SCR catalyst comprises a metal exchanged molecular sieve and the metal is selected from the group ...

Catalyst for Ethylbenzene Conversion in a Xylene Isomerization Process

The present invention relates to a method for converting a feed mixture comprising an aromatic C8 mixture of xylenes and ethylbenzene in which the para-xylene content of the xylene portion of the feed is less than equilibrium to produce a product mixture of reduced ethylbenzene content and a greater amount of para-xylene, which method comprises contacting the feed mixture at conversion conditions with a first catalyst having activity for the conversion of ethylbenzene, and with a second catalyst having activity for the isomerization of a xylene.

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE

A substrate () includes an inflow-side cell (), an outflow-side cell (), and a porous, gas-permeable partition wall () that separates the inflow-side cell () and the outflow-side cell () from each other, and also includes a first catalyst portion () that is provided on a side of the partition wall () that faces the inflow-side cell () at least at a portion in upstream side in an exhaust gas flow direction, and a second catalyst portion () that is provided on a side of the partition wall that faces the outflow-side cell at least at a portion in downstream side. With respect to a pore volume of pores with a pore size of 10 to 18 μm, when a measured value of the pore volume in the first catalyst portion () and the partition wall () within a region where the first catalyst portion () is provided is defined as a first pore volume, and a measured value of the pore volume in the second catalyst portion () and the partition wall () within a region where the second catalyst portion () is provided is defined as a second pore volume, the first pore volume is greater than the second pore volume. A catalytically active component contained in the first catalyst portion () and a catalytically active component contained in the second catalyst portion () are of different types. 1. An exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising:a substrate; anda catalyst portion provided in the substrate, an inflow-side cell including a space whose inflow-side in an exhaust gas flow direction is open and whose outflow-side is closed;', 'an outflow-side cell including a space whose inflow-side in the exhaust gas flow direction is closed and whose outflow-side is open; and', 'a porous partition wall that separates the inflow-side cell and the outflow-side cell from each other, and, 'the substrate including a first catalyst portion that is provided at least on a portion of a side of the partition wall that faces the inflow-side cell, the portion being located on an upstream side in the flow direction; ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING MESOPOROUS ZEOLITE MULTIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS FOR UPGRADING PYROLYSIS OIL

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, each or both of which may include a heteropolyacid. The hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support may have an average pore size of from 2 nm to 40 nm. Contacting the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support. 112-. (canceled)13. A multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil produced by a method comprising: the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support has an average pore size of from 2 nanometers to 40 nanometers as determined by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) analysis;', 'the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, comprises a heteropolyacid; and', 'the contacting deposits the first metal catalyst precursor and the second metal catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;, 'contacting a hierarchical mesoporous zeolite support with a solution comprising at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, whereremoving excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor; andcalcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING MULTIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS FOR UPGRADING PYROLYSIS OIL

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support. 110-. (canceled)11. A multifunctional catalyst produced by a method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil , the method comprising:contacting a zeolite support with a solution comprising at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, comprising a heteropolyacid, where the contacting deposits the first metal catalyst precursor and the second metal catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor; andcalcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.12. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 11 , in which the first metal catalyst comprises molybdenum and the second metal catalyst comprises cobalt.13. The ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING MULTIFUNCTIONAL CATALYSTS FOR UPGRADING PYROLYSIS OIL

A method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a zeolite support with a solution including at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, including a heteropolyacid. Contacting the zeolite support with the solution deposits or adsorbs the first metal catalyst precursor and the second catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor. The method further includes removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor and calcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support. 110-. (canceled)11. A multifunctional catalyst produced by a method of making a multifunctional catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis oil , the method comprising:contacting a zeolite support with a solution comprising at least a first metal catalyst precursor and a second metal catalyst precursor, the first metal catalyst precursor, the second metal catalyst precursor, or both, comprising a heteropolyacid, where the contacting deposits the first metal catalyst precursor and the second metal catalyst precursor onto outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support to produce a multifunctional catalyst precursor;removing excess solution from the multifunctional catalyst precursor; andcalcining the multifunctional catalyst precursor to produce the multifunctional catalyst comprising at least a first metal catalyst and a second metal catalyst deposited on the outer surfaces and pore surfaces of the zeolite support.12. The multifunctional catalyst of claim 11 , in which the first metal catalyst comprises molybdenum and the second metal catalyst comprises cobalt.13. The ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF Ni-CeMgAl2O4 CATALYST FOR DRY REFORMING OF METHANE WITH CARBON DIOXIDE

The present invention provides a process and catalyst system for the production of synthesis gas (a mixture of CO and H) from greenhouse gases like methane and carbon di oxide. The process provide a single step selective reforming of methane with carbon dioxide to produce synthesis gas over Ce—Ni—MgAlOcatalyst prepared by using combination of two methods evaporation induced self-assembly and organic matrix combustion method. These suitably combined methods generate a unique catalyst system with very fine Ni nano clusters evenly dispersed in high surface area support. The process provides both Methane and carbon di oxide conversion more than 90% without any noticeable deactivation till 100 hours between temperature range of 500-800° C. at atmospheric pressure. 1. A process for the preparation of Ni—CeMgAlOcatalyst wherein the said process comprising the steps of;i. dissolving Aluminium isopropoxide in a mixture of ethanol and concentrated nitric acid;ii. preparing a second solution by dissolving Poly (ethylene glycol)-block-poly (propylene glycol)-block-poly (ethylene glycol) (P123) in mole ration ranging between 0.003-0.004 in ethanol;iii. adding salt of Magnesium and Cerium into the second solution;{'sub': 2', '4, 'iv. mixing solution as prepared in step (i) and step (iii) and stirring for 8-10 hrs at room temp 25° C. for homogenation and kept for drying at 60-80° C. for 48-72 h and calcing at a range 700-900° C. for 6-8 hr and subsequently depositing nickel particles onto it to and further calcining at temperature 400-600° C. 6-8 h to obtain Ni—CeMgAlOcatalyst.'}2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the wt % of Ni to Ce—MgAl2O4 of the catalyst is varied in the range 1-10% (Ni:Ce—MgAl2O4).3. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the wt % of MgO to Al2O3 of the catalyst is varied in the range of 1-5% (MgO:Al2O3).4. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the wt % of Ce to Al2O3 is in the range of 0.1-5% Ce:Al2O3).5. A process as claimed in claim 1 , ...

Exhaust gas purifying catalyst and exhaust gas purification method using same

A catalyst that is not only capable of efficiently treating CO even at a low exhaust gas temperature, but also capable of exerting favorable CO purification efficiency in a low-temperature exhaust gas even in a case of being exposed for a long time to an engine exhaust gas that is a high temperature and contains HC, CO, NOx, water vapor and the like; and an exhaust gas treatment technique are described. The catalyst for purifying exhaust gas contains: a noble metal; an oxide containing as a base material A at least two kinds of elements selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zirconium and titanium; and an oxide containing as a base material B at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of silicon, cerium, praseodymium and lanthanum; in which the base material A and the base material B satisfy a specific formula.

Process for Making Alkylated Aromatic Compound

A process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound comprises contacting an aromatic starting material and hydrogen with a plurality of catalyst particles under hydroalkylation conditions to produce an effluent comprising the alkylated aromatic compound, the catalyst comprising a composite of a solid acid, an inorganic oxide different from the solid acid and a hydrogenation metal, wherein the distribution of the hydrogenation metal in at least 60 wt % of the catalyst particles is such that the average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the rim portion of a given catalyst particle is Crim, the average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the center portion of the given catalyst particle is Ccenter, where 0.2≦Crim/Ccenter<2.0. Also disclosed are hydroalkylation catalyst and process for making phenol and/or cyclohexanone using the catalyst.

Process for Limiting Self Heating of Activated Catalysts

The invention provides a process for limiting self heating of activated particle catalysts wherein the catalyst particles are placed in motion inside a hot gas flow that passes through them and a liquid composition containing one or several film forming polymer(s) is pulverized onto the particles in motion until a protective layer is obtained on the surface of said particles containing said film forming polymer and having an average thickness of less than or equal to 20 μm. The invention also provides the use of this process to reduce the quantities of toxic gases that may be emitted by the activated catalysts, as well as an activated catalyst for the hydroconversion of hydrocarbons covered with a continuous protective layer that are obtained by this process. 1. A process for limiting self heating of activated particle catalysts , in which the catalyst particles are placed in motion within a hot gas flow passing through them , and a liquid composition containing one or more film forming polymer(s) is pulverized onto the moving particles until on the surface of said particles a protective layer containing said film forming polymer is obtained , that has an average thickness lower than or equal to 20 μm.2. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the liquid composition is a solution or a dispersion of the film forming polymer(s) in a solvent claim 1 , and contains preferably from 0.1 to 50% by weight of film forming polymer claim 1 , more preferably from 0.5 to 25% by weight claim 1 , and even more preferably from 1 to 10% by weight of film forming polymer claim 1 , with respect to the total weight of the composition.3. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that it is implemented in a perforated drum in which the catalyst particles are put in motion claim 1 , with a hot gas flow passing continuously through said perforated drum.4. The process according to claim 1 , characterized in that it is implemented by placing catalyst particles in a ...

Article of Manufacture for Securing a Catalyst Substrate

An aftertreatment component for use in an exhaust aftertreatment system. The aftertreatment component comprises an aftertreatment substrate and a compressible material. The compressible material may be formed from a plastic thermoset, a rubberized material, or a metal foil which permits for the selective expansion of the substrate within the compressible material, while also reducing cost and manufacturing complexity. In various embodiments, the aftertreatment substrate and the compressible materials may be formed separately and coupled to each other, or they may be formed concurrently via coextrusion. 113.-. (canceled)14. A method comprising:passing a heated exhaust stream into a aftertreatment substrate;thermally expanding the aftertreatment substrate into a compressible material defining the aftertreatment substrate; andas a result of thermally expanding the aftertreatment substrate into the compressible material defining the aftertreatment substrate, at least partially compressing corrugations of the compressible material.15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising confining the compressible material within an outer skin defining the compressible material.16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising positioning the aftertreatment substrate within the compressible material claim 14 , and applying a catalyst washcoat to the aftertreatment substrate after the positioning.17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising applying at least a portion of the catalyst washcoat to a substrate side of the compressible material.18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the compressible material is defined in part by an outer skin claim 14 , and wherein the compressible material is at least partially compressed between the outer skin and the aftertreatment substrate.19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the compressible material comprises a polymer-based thermoset.20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the compressible material comprises a thermoplastic material.21. The method ...

Catalytic oxidation method and method for producing conjugated diene

An object of the present invention is to suppress performance deterioration of a molybdenum composite oxide-based catalyst at the time of performing gas-phase catalytic partial oxidation with molecular oxygen by using a tubular reactor. The present invention relates to a catalytic oxidation method using a tubular reactor in which a Mo compound layer containing a Mo compound and a composite oxide catalyst layer containing a Mo composite oxide catalyst are arranged in this order from a reaction raw material supply port side and under a flow of a mixed gas containing 75 vol % of air and 25 vol % of water vapor at 440° C., a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo compound is larger than a Mo sublimation amount of the Mo composite oxide catalyst under the same conditions.

Egg-shell type hybrid structure of highly dispersed nanoparticle-metal oxide support, preparation method thereof, and use thereof

The present invention relates to an egg-shell type hybrid structure of highly dispersed nanoparticles-metal oxide support, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof. Specifically, the present invention relates to an egg-shell type hybrid structure of highly dispersed nanoparticles-metal oxide support, providing an excellent platform in a size of nanometers or micrometers which can support nanoparticles selectively in the porous shell portion by employing a metal oxide support with an average diameter of nanometers or micrometers including a core of nonporous metal oxide and a shell of porous metal oxides, a preparation method thereof, and a use thereof.

INORGANIC OXIDE MATERIAL

The present teachings are directed to inorganic oxide materials that include AlO, CeO, and at least one of MgO and PrO. The present teachings are also directed to catalysts having at least one noble metal supported on these inorganic oxide materials, as well as methods for treating exhaust gases from internal combustion engines using such catalysts. 1. An inorganic oxide material , comprising:{'sub': 2', '3, '(a) from about 25 to about 90 pbw AlO;'}{'sub': '2', '(b) from about 5 to about 35 pbw CeO;'}(c)(i) from about 5 to about 35 pbw MgO, or{'sub': 6', '11, '(c)(ii) from about 2 to about 20 pbw PrO, or'}{'sub': 6', '11, '(c)(iii) from about 5 to about 35 pbw MgO, and from about 2 to about 20 pbw PrO; and'}(d) optionally up to about 10 pbw of a combined amount of oxides of one or more dopants selected from transition metals, rare earths, and mixtures thereof.2. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 40 to about 80 pbw AlOand from about 10 to about 30 pbw CeO.3. (canceled)4. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 10 to about 30 pbw MgO.5. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 5 to about 15 pbw PrO.6. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 10 to about 30 pbw MgO and from about 5 to about 15 pbw PrO.7. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 1 to about 10 pbw of an oxide or a mixture of oxides selected from YO claim 1 , LaO claim 1 , NdOand GdO.8. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises from about 1 to about 4 pbw LaO.9. The inorganic oxide material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises (a) crystallites comprising AlOand at least one oxide selected from MgO and PrO claim 1 , and (b) crystallites comprising CeO.11. The inorganic oxide material of claim 10 , wherein the material comprises from about 40 to about ...

SYNTHESIS OF OXYGEN-MOBILITY ENHANCED CEO2 AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed are catalysts capable of catalyzing the dry reforming of methane. The catalysts have a core-shell structure with the shell surrounding the core. The shell has a redox-metal oxide phase that includes a metal dopant incorporated into the lattice framework of the redox-metal oxide phase. An active metal(s) is deposited on the surface of the shell. 1. A catalyst capable of catalyzing a dry reformation of methane reaction , the catalyst comprising a core-shell structure having:a metal oxide core, a clay core, or a zeolite core;a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell has a redox-metal oxide phase that includes a metal dopant incorporated into the lattice framework of the redox-metal oxide phase; andan active metal deposited on the surface of the shell.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the redox-metal oxide phase is cerium oxide (CeO) and the metal dopant is niobium (Nb) claim 1 , indium (In) claim 1 , or lanthanum (La) claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide core is an alkaline earth metal aluminate core selected from aluminate claim 2 , magnesium aluminate claim 2 , calcium aluminate claim 2 , strontium aluminate claim 2 , barium aluminate claim 2 , or any combination thereof.4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the alkaline earth metal aluminate core is magnesium aluminate.5. The catalyst of claim 4 , comprising:65 wt. % to 85 wt. % magnesium aluminate;10 wt. % to 20 wt. % cerium oxide; and5 wt. % to 10 wt. % nickel.6. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of niobium incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.7. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of indium incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.8. The catalyst of claim 5 , comprising 0.5 wt. % to 2 wt. % of lanthanum incorporated into the lattice framework of the cerium oxide phase.9. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the metal oxide core is AlO.10. The ...

Catalyst for ammonia oxidation

The present invention relates to a bimetallic catalyst for ammonia oxidation, a method for producing a bimetallic catalyst for ammonia oxidation and a method for tuning the catalytic activity of a transition metal. By depositing an overlayer of less catalytic active metal onto a more catalytic active metal, the total catalytic activity is enhanced.

CATALYST FOR PURIFYING COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS, AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING COMBUSTION EXHAUST GAS

To provide a catalyst for purifying a combustion exhaust gas and a method for purifying a combustion exhaust gas. The denitration catalyst used in a method for purifying a combustion exhaust gas of removing a nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas by making the catalyst into contact with the combustion exhaust gas having an alcohol as a reducing agent added thereto, contains zeolite as a support having supported thereon a catalyst metal, in a powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement of the denitration catalyst a ratio (relative peak intensity ratio) r=I/J of a height I of a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of from 7.8 to 10.0° and a height J of a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of from 28.0 to 31.0° being in a range of from 3.0 to 5.0. 1. A denitration catalyst used in a method for purifying a combustion exhaust gas of removing a nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas by making the catalyst into contact with the combustion exhaust gas having an alcohol as a reducing agent added thereto , the denitration catalyst comprising zeolite as a support having supported thereon cobalt (Co) as a catalyst metal , in a powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the denitration catalyst a ratio r=I/J of a height I of a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of from 7.8 to 10.0° and a height J of a diffraction peak at a diffraction angle (2θ) of from 28.0 to 31.0° being in a range of from 3.0 to 5.0.2. The catalyst for purifying a combustion exhaust gas according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite as a support contains zeolite that has been baked in an inert gas atmosphere in advance.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The catalyst for purifying a combustion exhaust gas according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol as a reducing agent is methanol or ethanol.6. A method for purifying a combustion exhaust gas claim 1 , comprising making a combustion exhaust gas having an alcohol as a reducing agent added thereto claim 1 , into contact with a denitration catalyst containing a ...

Visible-Light-Activated Multilayered Photocatalyst And The Method Of Its Preparation

Visible-light-active and photostable, multilayered materials and their preparation method based on surface-modified titanium(IV) oxide have been invented. 1. Preparation method of a visible-light-activated multilayered photocatalyst characterized in that:a) modifies the surface of titanium(IV) oxide in the form of powder or coating by impregnation with a modifier solution, where the modifier is an aromatic organic compound with at least two —OH or —COOH groups or a hexachloroplatinate(IV) ion,b) the protective layer of titanium(IV) oxide is applied on the modified material, where the known ALD or “spin-coating” techniques are used.2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that it uses crystalline titanium(IV) oxide with a structure of anatase or being a mixture of anatase and rutile structure.3. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that stage a) is carried out in water or alcohol solution of the modifier of the 10mol/dmminimal concentration and the product of the modification is dried.5. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the organic is a compound selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid claim 1 , 4-sulfophthalic acid claim 1 , 4-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid claim 1 , 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid claim 1 , salicylic acid claim 1 , 6-hydroxysalicylic acid claim 1 , 5-hydroxysalicylic acid claim 1 , 5-sulfosalicylic acid claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,5-dinitrosalicylic acid claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid claim 1 , aurintricarboxylic acid claim 1 , disodium salt of 1 claim 1 ,4-dihydroxy-1 claim 1 ,3-benzenodisulfonic acid claim 1 , gallic acid claim 1 , pyrogallol claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,3-naphthalenediol claim 1 , 4-methylcatechol claim 1 ,3-5-di-tert-butyl-catechol claim 1 , p-nitrocatechol claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,4-dihydroxy-1-phenylalanine (DOPA) claim 1 , catechol (Table 2) claim 1 , rutin and ascorbic acid.6. Method according to claim 1 , characterized in that stage b) uses alcoholates claim 1 , preferably titanium( ...

GOLD-BASED CATALYST FOR THE OXIDATIVE ESTERIFICATION OF ALDEHYDES TO OBTAIN CARBOXYLIC ESTERS

Catalysts for oxidative esterification can be used, for example, fro converting (meth)acrolein to methyl (meth)acrylate. The catalysts are especially notable for high mechanical and chemical stability even over very long time periods, including activity and/or selectivity relatively in continuous operation in media having even a small water content. 1. A hydrolysis-resistant catalyst , comprising:a) 0.01 to 10 mol % of gold,b) 40 to 94 mol % of silicon,c) 3 to 40 mol % of aluminium, andd) 2 to 40 mol % of at least one element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, lanthanoids having atomic numbers 57 to 71, Y, Sc, Ti, Zr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Bi,wherein components b) to d) are present as oxides and the stated amounts of components a) to d) relate to 100 mol % of the composition of the catalyst without oxygen,wherein the catalyst is in the form of particles and is suitable for the oxidative esterification of aldehydes to carboxylic esters,wherein the catalyst has a shell structure comprising a core and at least one shell, where at least 80% of the total amount of component a) is part of a shell, andwherein the catalyst has a PZC value between 7 and 11.2. The catalyst according to claim 1 , which claim 1 , except for the oxygen claim 1 , consists of components a) to d).3. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises between 0.05 and 2 mol % of component a).4. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein component a) is in the form of particles having a mean diameter between 2 and 10 nm.5. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst particles have an average diameter between 10 and 200 μm and a spherical shape.6. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises between 2 and 30 mol % of Mg claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , La claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Pb and/or Bi as component d).7. The catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst has a core and two shells claim 1 , ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION APPARATUS

A exhaust gas purification apparatus is provided with: a substrate having a wall-flow structure and including entry-side cells, exit-side cells, and a porous partition; a first catalyst region formed in small diameter pores having relatively small pore diameters among internal pores in the partition; and a second catalyst region formed in large diameter pores having relatively large pore diameters among the internal pores in the partition. The first catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support, while the second catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support and other than at least the precious metal present in the first catalyst region. 1. An exhaust gas purification apparatus that is disposed in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine and that purifies an exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine , the exhaust gas purification apparatus comprising:a substrate having a wall-flow structure and including an entry-side cell in which only an exhaust gas inflow-side end part is open, an exit-side cell residing adjacent to an entry-side cell and in which only an exhaust gas outflow-side end part is open, and a porous partition that divides the entry-side cell from the exit-side cell;a first catalyst region formed in small pores having relatively small pore diameters among internal pores in the partition; anda second catalyst region formed in large pores having relatively large pore diameters among the internal pores in the partition, whereinthe first catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support, andthe second catalyst region contains a support and any one or two species of precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, and Rh loaded on the support and other than at least the precious metal present in ...

STEAM REFORMING CATALYST AND METHOD OF MAKING THEREOF

The invention provides a method for the production of a supported nickel catalyst, in which an aqueous mixture comprising an alkali metal salt plus other metal salts is sintered to form a support material. A supported nickel catalyst comprising potassium β-alumina is also provided. 1. A supported nickel catalyst precursor obtained via a method comprising the steps of: i. magnesium mineral or magnesium salt,', 'ii. optionally, a calcium mineral or calcium salt,', 'iii. an aluminium mineral or aluminium salt,', 'iv. an alkali metal salt comprising at least one of Na and K, and', 'v. optionally water;, 'a. providing a mixture comprisingb. extruding said mixture to form an extrudate, said extrudate containing integrated reservoirs of said alkali metal salt, and calcining the extrudate at a temperature from 300-600° C.;c. sintering said calcined extrudate at a temperature in a range of 1100-1400° C. to form a support material;d. impregnating said support material with an aqueous solution comprising a nickel salt to provide the supported nickel catalyst precursor; ande. optionally repeating step d.2. A supported nickel catalyst obtainable via the method recited in claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , after each impregnation step d claim 1 , the supported nickel catalyst precursor is decomposed to form a supported nickel catalyst claim 1 , suitably at temperatures between 350-500° C.3. A supported nickel catalyst comprising nickel supported on a support material claim 1 , characterised in that said support material comprises potassium β-alumina or sodium β-alumina claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.4. The supported nickel catalyst according to claim 3 , wherein said support material comprises 8 wt % or more potassium β-alumina claim 3 , as measured by XRD.5. The supported nickel catalyst according to claim 3 , comprising 0.2-2 wt % potassium.6. Use of a supported nickel catalyst according to as a catalyst in a steam reforming process.7. A steam reforming process comprising the steps of: ...

Rh-C3N4 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST FOR PREPARING ACETIC ACID BY CARBONYLATION REACTION

This invention relates to a catalyst for use in the preparation of acetic acid through a methanol carbonylation reaction using carbon monoxide, and particularly to a heterogeneous catalyst represented by Rh/C 3 N 4 configured such that a complex of a rhodium compound and 3-benzoylpyridine is immobilized on a carbon nitride support.

METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF A ZONE COATED CATALYSED MONOLITH

Method for zone coating of monolithic substrates by using different sol-solution containing different catalyst carrier precursors and metal catalyst precursors and suction of one of the sol-solution up into pores in the walls of the zone to be coated, solely by capillary forces and another different sol-solution into the walls of another zone to be coated by capillary forces. 1. A method for the preparation of a catalysed monolith zone coated with different catalysts , comprising the steps ofa) providing a porous monolith substrate with a plurality of longitudinal flow channels separated by gas permeable partition walls, the monolith substrate having a first end face and at a distance to the first end face a second end face;b) providing a first sol solution in an amount corresponding to at least the pore volume in a first catalyst zone of the gas permeable partition walls to be coated with the first sol solution, the first sol solution containing water soluble or suspended precursors of one or more catalytically active compounds and water soluble or suspended precursors or oxides of one or metal oxides catalyst carrier compounds, at least one of the one or more precursors or oxides is suspended and at least one of the one or more precursors is dissolved in the sol solution;c) providing a second sol solution in an amount corresponding to at least the pore volume in a second catalyst zone of the gas permeable partition walls to be coated with the second sol solution, the second sol solution containing water soluble or suspended precursors of one or more catalytically active compounds different to the catalytically active compounds in the first sol solution and water soluble or suspended precursors or oxides of one or more metal oxides catalyst carrier compounds, at least one of the one or more precursors or oxides is suspended and at least one of the one or more precursors is dissolved in the second sol solution;d) placing the porous monolith substrate substantially ...

METHANE STEAM REFORMING, USING NICKEL/ALUMINA NANOCOMPOSITE CATALYST OR NICKEL/SILICA-ALUMINA HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE CATALYST

The present invention relates to a method of methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of carrying out methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst wherein nickel metal nanoparticles are uniformly loaded in a high amount on a support via a melt infiltration method with an excellent methane conversion even under a relatively severe reaction condition of a high gas hourly space velocity or low steam supply, and to a catalyst for this method. In addition, the present invention prepares a nickel/silica-alumina hybrid nanocatalyst by mixing the catalyst prepared by the melt infiltration method as the first catalyst and the nickel silica yolk-shell catalyst as the second catalyst, and applies it to the steam reforming of methane to provide a still more excellent catalytic activity even under the higher temperature of ° C. or more with the excellent methane conversion. 150. A method of methane steam reforming with a methane conversion of % or more , which comprisesi) a step of providing a first catalyst for methane steam reforming which is prepared by a first step of grinding and mixing a porous alumina support and a nickel-containing compound having a melting point lower than the porous alumina support, and melt-infiltrating the nickel-containing compound into pores of the surface, inside, or both of the porous alumina support in a closed system at a temperature ranging from the melting point of the nickel-containing compound to ±5° C. higher than the melting point; and a second step of thermally treating the melt-infiltrated composite powder at 400 to 600° C. under reducing gas atmosphere to load nickel particles having the average particle size of 10 nm or less in the porous alumina support; ora nickel silica-alumina hybrid catalyst comprising the first catalyst; and a yolk-shell shaped second catalyst for methane steam reforming which has a nano- or micro- ...

DUAL CATALYST SYSTEM FOR PROPYLENE PRODUCTION

Embodiments of processes for producing propylene utilize a dual catalyst system comprising a mesoporous silica catalyst impregnated with metal oxide and a mordenite framework inverted (MFI) structured silica catalyst downstream of the mesoporous silica catalyst, where the mesoporous silica catalyst includes a pore size distribution of at least 2.5 nm to 40 nm and a total pore volume of at least 0.600 cm/g, and the MFI structured silica catalyst has a total acidity of 0.001 mmol/g to 0.1 mmol/g. The propylene is produced from the butene stream via metathesis by contacting the mesoporous silica catalyst and subsequent cracking by contacting the MFI structured silica catalyst. 1. A process for production of propylene comprising: [{'sup': '3', 'a mesoporous silica catalyst impregnated with metal oxide, where the mesoporous silica catalyst includes a pore size distribution of about 2.5 nm to about 40 nm and a total pore volume of at least about 0.600 cm/g, and'}, 'a mordenite framework inverted (MFI) structured silica catalyst downstream of the mesoporous silica catalyst, where the MFI structured silica catalyst includes a total acidity of 0.001 mmol/g to 0.1 mmol/g,, 'providing a dual catalyst system comprisingproducing propylene from a stream comprising butene via metathesis and cracking by contacting the stream comprising butene with the dual catalyst system, where the stream comprising butene contacts the mesoporous silica catalyst before contacting the MFI structured silica catalyst.2. The process of where the MFI structured silica catalyst has a pore size distribution of at least 1.5 nm to 3 nm.3. The process of where the MFI structured silica catalyst is free of acidity modifiers selected from the group consisting of rare earth modifiers claim 1 , phosphorus modifiers claim 1 , potassium modifiers claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The process of where the mesoporous silica catalyst catalyzes isomerization of 2-butene to 1-butene followed by cross-metathesis of ...

METHOD FOR SYNTHESISING DIMETHYL CARBONATE

A method for synthesising dimethyl carbonate from methanol and urea, in which a saline ureic medium is used that includes at least one inorganic salt selected from the group made up of zinc (Zn) (II) chloride, tin (Sn) chlorides and iron (Fe) (III) chloride, characterised in that: methanol, in the presence of a catalytic composition, is placed in contact with the saline ureic medium that is at least partially liquid at a temperature referred to as synthesis temperature, which is higher than 140° C., such that reaction vapours are produced; the reaction vapours are condensed, and a condensate of the reaction vapours is collected, including dimethyl carbonate; the method is carried out at atmospheric pressure. A method for enriching and purifying dimethyl carbonate is also described. 118-. (canceled)19. Method for synthesizing dimethyl carbonate starting from methanol and urea , in which a saline ureic medium comprising at least one inorganic salt selected from the group consisting essentially of zinc chloride (Zn) II , tin chlorides (Sn) , and iron chloride (Fe) III is used: methanol, in the presence of a catalytic composition, is brought into contact with said saline ureic medium that is at least partially liquid at a temperature, so-called synthesis temperature, that is higher than 140° C., such that reaction vapors are produced;', 'the reaction vapors are condensed, and a condensate of said reaction vapors and that comprises dimethyl carbonate is recovered;', 'the method is implemented at atmospheric pressure., 'wherein20. Method according to claim 19 , wherein during a first operating step claim 19 , a reaction medium that comprises the saline ureic medium claim 19 , the catalytic composition claim 19 , and a first quantity of methanol is formed claim 19 , and the reaction medium is kept at the synthesis temperature claim 19 , with the formed condensate being reintroduced into the reaction medium claim 19 , and then during a second subsequent operating step claim ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING ETHYLENE GLYCOL FROM A CARBOHYDRATE

Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source in a process, 1. Process for preparing ethylene glycol from a carbohydrate source ,wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source, a liquid diluent and a catalyst system are introduced as reactants into a reaction zone;wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and at least one hydrogenolysis metal selected from the groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements;wherein the diluent that is introduced into the reaction zone comprises an alkylene glycol; andwherein the carbohydrate source is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of the catalyst system to yield an ethylene glycol-containing product.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the diluents comprises ethylene glycol.3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate source is selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides claim 1 , oligosaccharides claim 1 , disaccharides claim 1 , and monosaccharides.4. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate source is selected from the group consisting of cellulose claim 1 , starch claim 1 , hemicellulose claim 1 , hemicellulose sugars claim 1 , glucose and combinations thereof.5. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound that has an oxidation state of at least +2.6. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound selected from the group consisting of tungstic acid (HWO) claim 1 , ammonium tungstate claim 1 , ammonium metatungstate claim 1 , ammonium paratungstate claim 1 , tungstate compounds comprising at least one Group 1 or 2 element claim 1 , metatungstate compounds comprising at least one Group 1 or 2 element claim 1 , paratungstate compounds comprising at least one Group 1 or 2 element claim 1 , tungsten oxide (WO) claim 1 , heteropoly compounds of tungsten claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. Process according to claim 6 , wherein the catalyst system comprises tungstic acid ...

PROCESS TO PREPARE PROPYLENE

The invention is directed to a process to prepare propylene from a mixture of hydrocarbons by performing the following steps. (a) extracting aromatics from the mixture of hydrocarbons thereby obtaining a mixture of hydrocarbons poor in aromatics, (b) contacting the mixture obtained in step (a) with a heterogeneous cracking catalyst as present in a fixed bed thereby obtaining a cracked effluent, (c) separating propylene from the cracked effluent thereby also obtaining a higher boiling fraction, (d) recycling part of the higher boiling fraction to step (b) and at least 5 wt % of the higher boiling fraction to step (a). () 1. A process to prepare propylene from a mixture of hydrocarbons by performing the following steps:a. extracting aromatics from the mixture of hydrocarbons thereby obtaining a mixture of hydrocarbons poor in aromatics,b. contacting the mixture obtained in step (a) with a heterogeneous cracking catalyst as present in a fixed bed thereby obtaining a cracked effluent,c. separating propylene from the cracked effluent thereby also obtaining a higher boiling fraction,d. recycling part of the higher boiling fraction to step (b) and at least 5 wt % of the higher boiling fraction to step (a).2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in step (d) between 10 and 30 wt % of the higher boiling fraction is recycled to step (a).3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons comprises any one of:(a) between 1 and 70 wt % olefins having 4 or more carbon atoms; or(b) between 1 and 20 wt % olefins having 4 or more carbon; or(c) a mixture of paraffins, olefins, naphthenic and aromatic compounds boiling for more than 90 wt % between 35 and 250° C.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the mixture of hydrocarbons comprises any one or more of: a light straight run naphtha claim 3 , a fraction as isolated from the effluent selected from of any one or more of the following processes: Fluid Catalytic Cracking ...

METHOD FOR KETONISATION OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL

A method for producing ketones includes a) providing a feedstock of biological origin having fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less; b) subjecting the feedstock to a catalytic ketonisation reaction in the presence of aK2O/TiO2-catalyst; and c) obtaining from the ketonisation reaction a product stream having ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in the feedstock, wherein step b) is carried out directly on the feedstock and in the presence of the K2O/TiO2-catalyst as the sole catalyst applied in the ketonisation reaction. 1. A method for producing ketones , which method comprises:a) providing a feedstock of biological origin containing fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives having an average chain length of 24 C-atoms or less;{'sub': 2', '2, 'b) subjecting said feedstock to a catalytic ketonisation reaction in a presence of a KO/TiO-catalyst; and'}c) obtaining from said ketonisation reaction a product stream containing ketones, which ketones have a longer average hydrocarbon chain length than the average hydrocarbon chain length in said feedstock;{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the subjecting is carried out directly on said feedstock and in a presence of said KO/TiO-catalyst as a sole catalyst applied in said ketonisation reaction.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the subjecting is carried out directly on said feedstock without preceding or simultaneous hydrogenation of double bonds present in the fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives in said feedstock.3. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:performing said ketonisation reaction by introducing the feedstock in liquid phase.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said feedstock of biological origin contains unsaturated fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives claim 1 , or esters.5. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:performing said ketonisation reaction ...

OXIDATION CATALYST AND EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE USING SAME

Provided is: an oxidation catalyst having excellent ability to combust diesel fuel intermittently sprayed from a nozzle disposed in an exhaust pipe, the oxidation catalyst being incorporated into an exhaust gas purification device having a diesel particulate filter (DPF) or a catalyst soot filter (CSF) for collecting particulate matter from a diesel engine; and an exhaust gas purification device that uses the oxidation catalyst. An oxidation catalyst for exhaust gas purification in which a precious metal component is carried on an inorganic matrix, wherein the inorganic matrix is one or more inorganic oxides selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, zirconia, silica, and silica-alumina, the oxidation catalyst being characterized in the use of a material in which the activation energy of diesel fuel combustion performance is 72 kJ/mol or less. 1. An oxidation catalyst comprising:a precious metal component carried onan inorganic matrix is that comprises one or more inorganic oxides selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, zirconia, silica, and silica-alumina;wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises a material in which the activation energy of diesel fuel combustion performance is 72 kJ/mol or less.2. The oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic matrix contains an inorganic oxide of which the activation energy of diesel fuel combustion performance exceeds 72 kJ/mol to the inorganic matrix claim 1 , in an amount of 15% by weight or less.3. The oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide consists of two or more inorganic oxides having different volume densities.4. The oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the precious metal component is platinum (Pt) and/or palladium (Pd).5. The oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the alumina consists of one or more alumina selected from the group consisting of γ-alumina claim 1 , δ-alumina and θ-alumina.6. The oxidation catalyst ...

EXHAUST GAS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

An exhaust gas control system includes an upstream purification device disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, a downstream purification device disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage downstream from the upstream purification device, a fuel addition valve disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage upstream from the upstream purification device, and a urea addition valve disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage between the upstream purification device and the downstream purification device, and a cooling device. The cooling device is configured such that refrigerant cools the fuel addition valve first and then cools the urea addition valve subsequent to the fuel addition valve. 1. An exhaust gas control system for an internal combustion engine , the internal combustion engine being a compression ignition-type internal combustion engine operated to perform lean combustion ,the exhaust gas control system comprising:an upstream purification device disposed in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine, the upstream purification device including an oxidation catalyst;a downstream purification device disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage downstream from the upstream purification device, the downstream purification device including a selective catalytic reduction catalyst;a fuel addition valve disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage upstream from the upstream purification device, the fuel addition valve being configured to add fuel into exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine;a urea addition valve disposed in a portion of the exhaust passage between the upstream purification device and the downstream purification device, the urea addition valve being configured to add urea aqueous solution into the exhaust gas; anda cooling device having a cooling passage configured to carry refrigerant flowing through the cooling passage, the cooling passage being configured such that the refrigerant cools the fuel addition ...

Ignition system for igniting combustible gas mixtures

An autonomously functioning ignition system, even though it is simple in design, allows for the reliable ignition of combustible gas mixtures that are only slightly above the ignition limit. The ignition system for igniting combustible gas mixtures, particularly in a containment structure of a nuclear facility, includes an electric ignition element and a thermoelectric generator that forms a source of current for the ignition element. A catalytic recombiner for the gas mixture, which is configured as a flow channel for the gas mixture, forms a heat source for the thermoelectric generator. 1. An ignition system for igniting a combustible gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen in a containment of a nuclear installation , the ignition system comprising:an electric ignition element being a heating wire or a glow plug;a thermoelectric generator having a plurality of N-doped and P-doped semi-conductor elements connected in series to form a power source for said ignition element;a catalytic recombiner for the gas mixture forming a heat source for said thermoelectric generator;wherein said recombiner is constructed in a flow channel for the gas mixture, and said thermoelectric generator is arranged outside the flow channel for the gas mixture.2. The ignition system according to claim 1 , wherein the flow channel is configured for conducting a natural draught of the gas mixture.3. The ignition system according to claim 1 , further comprising a heat pipe for discharging heat from said thermoelectric generator.4. The ignition system according to claim 1 , wherein said recombiner comprises ignition wires to be activated by way of reaction heat for igniting the gas mixture.5. A nuclear installation claim 1 , comprising a containment and an ignition system according to disposed in said containment.6. The nuclear installation according to configured as a nuclear power station. This application is a continuation, under 35 U.S.C. § 120, of copending international patent ...

CATALYST AND METHOD FOR AROMATIZATION OF C3-C4 GASES, LIGHT HYDROCARBON FRACTIONS AND ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS, AS WELL AS MIXTURES THEREOF

The invention relates to hydrocarbon feedstock processing technology, in particular, to catalysts and technology for aromatization of C-Chydrocarbon gases, light low-octane hydrocarbon fractions and oxygen-containing compounds (C-Caliphatic alcohols), as well as mixtures thereof resulting in producing an aromatic hydrocarbon concentrate (AHCC). The catalyst comprises a mechanical mixture of 2 zeolites, one of which is characterized by the silica/alumina ratio SiO/AlO=20, pre-treated with an aqueous alkali solution and modified with oxides of rare-earth elements used in the amount from 0.5 to 2.0 wt % based on the weight of the first zeolite. The second zeolite is characterized by the silica/alumina ratio SiO/AlO═82, comprises sodium oxide residual amounts of 0.04 wt % based on the weight of the second zeolite, and is modified with magnesium oxide in the amount from 0.5 to 5.0 wt % based on the weight of the second zeolite. Furthermore, the zeolites are used in the weight ratio from 1.7:1 to 2.8:1, wherein a binder comprises at least silicon oxide and is used in the amount from 20 to 25 wt % based on the weight of the catalyst. The process is carried out using the proposed catalyst in an isothermal reactor without recirculation of gases from a separation stage, by contacting a fixed catalyst bed with a gaseous feedstock, which was evaporated and heated in a preheater. The technical result consists in achieving a higher aromatic hydrocarbon yield while ensuring almost complete conversion of the HC feedstock and oxygenates, an increased selectivity with respect to forming xylols as part of an AHCC, while simultaneously simplifying the technological setup of the process by virtue of using a reduced (inter alia, atmospheric) pressure. 14-. (canceled)5. A catalyst for the aromatization of mixtures of hydrocarbons and aliphatic alcohols , the catalyst comprising: a mixture of a first pentasil zeolite and a second pentasil zeolite; the first pentasil zeolite comprising a ...

MODIFYING ORGANOALUMINUM CO-CATALYSTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE

Processes of making catalyst compositions are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the processes include modifying an organoaluminum compound with a modifier that decreases the initial reducing strength of the organoaluminum compound, where the modifier can be an ether, an anhydride, an amine, an amide, a silicate, a silyl ether, a siloxane, an ester, a carbonate, a urea, a carbamate, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a phosphoramide, or a combination thereof. The processes further include adding a transition metal complex to the mixture of the organoaluminum compound and the modifier; and obtaining a catalyst composition including the organoaluminum compound and the transition metal complex. 1. A process of making a catalyst composition , comprising:treating an organoaluminum compound with a modifier that decreases the initial reducing strength of the organoaluminum compound, wherein the modifier is selected from the group consisting of ethers, anhydrides, amines, amides, silicates, silyl ethers, siloxanes, esters, carbonates, ureas, carbamates, sulfoxides, sulfones, phosphoramides, silanes, and acetals;adding a transition metal complex to the mixture of the organoaluminum compound and the modifier; andobtaining a catalyst composition comprising the organoaluminum compound and the transition metal complex.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal complex comprises at least one of the metals of Groups IV-B claim 1 , V-B claim 1 , VI-B claim 1 , and VIII of the Periodic Table.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organoaluminum compound is triethylaluminum.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the modifier a monoether claim 1 , or wherein the ether is a diether.5. process of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal complex is not mixed with a catalyst modifier prior to adding the transition metal complex to the mixture of the organoaluminum compound and the modifier.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal complex is diluted in a solvent claim 1 , ...

Article of Manufacture for Securing a Catalyst Substrate

An aftertreatment component for use in an exhaust aftertreatment system. The aftertreatment component comprises an aftertreatment substrate and a compressible material. The compressible material may be formed from a plastic thermoset, a rubberized material, or a metal foil which permits for the selective expansion of the substrate within the compressible material, while also reducing cost and manufacturing complexity. In various embodiments, the aftertreatment substrate and The compressible materials may be formed separately and coupled to each other, or they may be formed concurrently via coextrusion. 1. An aftertreatment component of an exhaust aftertreatment system , comprising:an aftertreatment substrate;a compressible material coupled to an outer surface the aftertreatment substrate; anda catalyst washcoat disposed on the aftertreatment substrate, wherein the catalyst washcoat is applied to the aftertreatment substrate after the compressible material is coupled to the aftertreatment substrate.2. The aftertreatment component of claim 1 , wherein the compressible material comprises a metal foil.3. The aftertreatment component of claim 1 , further comprising a catalyst washcoat disposed on the aftertreatment substrate.4. The aftertreatment component of claim 3 , wherein the catalyst washcoat is disposed on a substrate side of the compressible material.5. The aftertreatment component of claim 1 , further comprising an outer skin claim 1 , the outer skin defining the compressible material.6. The aftertreatment component of claim 5 , wherein the outer skin at least partially compresses the compressible material against the aftertreatment substrate.7. The aftertreatment component of claim 6 , wherein the outer skin applies a selected closure force to the aftertreatment substrate through the compressible material.8. The aftertreatment component of claim 1 , wherein the compressible material is in tension claim 1 , and wherein corrugations in the compressible material ...

Catalytic Article for Treating Exhaust Gas

Provided is a catalytic article comprising (a) a flow through honeycomb substrate having channel walls; (b) a first NH-SCR catalyst composition coated on and/or within the channel walls in a first zone; and (c) a second NH-SCR catalyst composition coated on and/or within the channel walls in a second zone, provided that the first zone is upstream of the second zone and the first and second zones are adjacent or at least partially overlap; and wherein the first NH-SCR catalyst comprises a first copper loaded molecular sieve having a copper to aluminum atomic ratio of about 0.1 to 0.375 and the second NH-SCR catalyst comprises a second copper loaded molecular sieve having a copper-to-aluminum atomic ratio of about 0.3 to about 0.6. 1. A catalytic article comprising:a. a flow through honeycomb substrate having an inlet side, an outlet side, an axial length from the inlet side to the outlet side, and a plurality of channels defined by channel walls extending from the inlet side to the outlet side;{'sub': '3', 'b. a first NH-SCR catalyst composition coated on and/or within the channel walls in a first zone; and'}{'sub': '3', 'claim-text': {'sub': 3', '3, 'wherein the first NH-SCR catalyst comprises a first copper loaded molecular sieve having a copper to aluminum atomic ratio of about 0.1 to 0.375 and the second NH-SCR catalyst comprises a second copper loaded molecular sieve having a copper-to-aluminum atomic ratio of about 0.3 to about 0.6.'}, 'c. a second NH-SCR catalyst composition coated on and/or within the channel walls in a second zone, provided that the first zone is upstream of the second zone and the first and second zones are adjacent or at least partially overlap;'}2. The catalytic article of claim 1 , wherein the first zone is adjacent to the second zone.3. The catalytic article of claim 1 , wherein the first zone completely overlays the second zone.4. The catalytic article of claim 1 , wherein first zone extends from the inlet side to a first end point ...

PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF SUGAR

Systems having at least one photonic antenna molecule and at least one catalyst for degrading a sugar to degradation products using light energy are disclosed. Also disclosed are the devices and methods that use the systems for photocatalytically degrading a sugar into degradation products. 1. A system for photocatalytically degrading a sugar , the system comprising:at least one photonic antenna molecule; andat least one catalyst;wherein the photonic antenna molecule is capable of collecting a light energy and transferring the light energy to the catalyst; andwherein the catalyst is capable of degrading the sugar to produce at least one degradation product.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photonic antenna molecule is selected from the group consisting of 5-hydroxytryptamine claim 1 , an acridine claim 1 , an Alexa Fluor® dye claim 1 , an ATTO dye claim 1 , a BODIPY® dye claim 1 , Coumarin 6 claim 1 , a CY dye claim 1 , DAPI claim 1 , an ethidium compound claim 1 , a Hoechst dye claim 1 , Oregon Green claim 1 , rhodamine claim 1 , a compound comprising Ru(bpy) claim 1 , a compound comprising (Pt(pop)) claim 1 , a YOYO dye claim 1 , and a SeTau dye.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the photonic antenna molecule is fluorescein.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a metal nanoparticle.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the metal nanoparticle comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium claim 4 , palladium claim 4 , gold claim 4 , silver claim 4 , nickel claim 4 , tungsten claim 4 , molybdenum claim 4 , gallium claim 4 , iridium claim 4 , rhodium claim 4 , osmium claim 4 , copper claim 4 , cobalt claim 4 , iron claim 4 , and platinum claim 4 , or a mixture thereof.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the metal nanoparticle comprises a lanthanide.7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the metal nanoparticle comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum claim 4 , nickel claim 4 , and europium.8. The system of claim 5 , ...

Reforming Catalyst for Hydrocarbons and Method of its Manufacture

For implementing a reforming reaction such as steam reforming or autothermal reforming, to obtain hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, etc. by bringing hydrocarbons and steam into contact with a reforming catalyst, an arrangement is provided to enable reforming of the hydrocarbon to proceed under a stable condition for an extended period thanks to high sulfur resistance thereof. The arrangement employs a reforming catalyst supporting both platinum and iridium on an inorganic oxide support for the reforming of the hydrocarbon. 1. A hydrocarbon reforming catalyst for producing a gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide under contact with hydrocarbons and steam , the catalyst comprising platinum and iridium both supported on an inorganic oxide support.2. The reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide support contains as its principal component claim 1 , one or more kinds selected from the group consisting of α-alumina claim 1 , zirconia and titania.3. The reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein relative to the inorganic oxide support claim 1 , platinum is supported from 0.5 mass % to 2 mass %.4. The reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein relative to the inorganic oxide support claim 1 , iridium is supported from 0.5 mass % to 2 mass %.5. The reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide support contains a lanthanide oxide component.6. A method of manufacturing a steam reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein after platinum salt and iridium salt are impregnated in an inorganic oxide support claim 1 , the resultant mixture is subjected to a liquid-phase reducing treatment with hydrazine claim 1 , thereby to cause platinum and iridium to be supported on the inorganic oxide support.7. A method of manufacturing a steam reforming catalyst for hydrocarbons according to claim 1 , wherein platinum ...

HYDROPROCESSING CATALYST FOR TREATING A HYDROCARBON FEED HAVING AN ARSENIC CONCENTRATION AND A METHOD OF MAKING AND USING SUCH CATALYST

A catalyst that is useful for the removal of arsenic from hydrocarbon feedstocks. The catalyst comprises an alumina support, underbedded molybdenum and phosphorus components, and an overlayer of a nickel component. The catalyst further has the unique property of having a surface nickel-to-molybdenum atomic ratio of greater than 1.8 with a bulk nickel-to-molybdenum atomic ratio of less than 2.2. The nickel accessibility factor of the catalyst is greater than 1.2. The catalyst is prepared by the application of two metals impregnation steps with associated calcination steps that in combination provide for the underbedded metals and overlayer of nickel. 1. A catalyst composition for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feedstock having a concentration of arsenic compounds , wherein said catalyst composition comprises:an alumina support;an underbedded molybdenum component;an underbedded phosphorus component;an overlaid nickel component;wherein said catalyst composition has a surface nickel metal-to-molybdenum metal atomic ratio of greater than 1.8 as determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.2. A catalyst composition as recited in claim 1 , wherein said catalyst composition has a nickel accessibility factor (i.e. claim 1 , surface Ni/Mo ratio-to-bulk Ni/Mo ratio) greater than 1.2.3. A catalyst composition as recited in claim 1 , wherein said catalyst composition has a bulk nickel metal-to-molybdenum metal atomic ratio of less than 2.2.4. A catalyst composition as recited in claim 3 , wherein said catalyst composition comprises: nickel in an amount in the range of from 7 wt. % to 20 wt. % claim 3 , calculated as elemental nickel and based on the total weight of said catalyst composition; and molybdenum in an amount in the range of from 3 wt. % to 20 wt. % claim 3 , calculated as elemental molybdenum and based on the total weight of said catalyst composition; and phosphorus in an amount in the range of from 0.1 wt. % to 5 wt. % claim 3 , calculated as elemental phosphorus ...

Method for the synthesis of porous inorganic material, catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons and preparation of catalyst thereof

A method for synthesis of porous inorganic materials, preparation of a catalyst and catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons thereof includes processes for synthesis of porous inorganic materials and preparation of the catalytic cracking catalyst and catalytic cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons. The synthesis process is advantaged in low cost in raw materials; the porous inorganic material has various pore structures; and transitional metal used overcomes the defects of the catalytic properties. The porous inorganic material serving as the main active ingredient and containing crystalline aluminum silicate zeolite structures provides surface acidity required by the catalytic reaction. The surface acidity is flexibly adjusted. The hierarchical pore profile improves the accessibility of the active center of the zeolite structure and favors the reaction efficiency and benefits of the petroleum hydrocarbon cracking, and reduces the negative effects caused by diffusion limit. The catalyst containing the porous inorganic material has low manufacturing cost and better properties.

MULTI-ZONED CATALYST SYSTEM FOR OXIDATION OF O-XYLENE AND/OR NAPHTHALENE TO PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE

The present invention relates to a catalyst system for oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene to phthalic anhydride (PA) comprising at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the active material of the catalysts comprise vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %. The present invention further relates to a process for gas phase oxidation in which a gas stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon and molecular oxygen is passed through a catalyst system which comprises at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the active materials of the catalysts comprise vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %. 114.-. (canceled)15. A catalyst system for oxidation of o-xylene and/or naphthalene to phthalic anhydride comprising at least four catalyst zones arranged in succession in the reaction tube and filled with catalysts of different chemical composition wherein the catalytically active material of the catalyst is applied to an inert catalyst carrier and comprises vanadium and titanium dioxide and the active material of the catalyst in the last catalyst zone towards the reactor outlet has an antimony content (calculated as antimony trioxide) between 0.7 to 3.0 wt. %.16. The catalyst system according to claim 15 , wherein the active materials of the catalysts in the last two catalyst zones towards the reactor outlet have a lower average antimony content than the active materials of the catalysts in the remaining catalyst zones towards the reactor inlet.17. The ...

Catalyzed ceramic candle filter and method of cleaning process off- or exhaust gases

Ceramic candle filter and use of the filter in the removal of particulate matter in form of soot, ash, metals and met-al compounds, together with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas, the filter includes a combined SCR and oxidation catalyst being arranged on the dispersion side and within wall of the filter; and a palladium including catalyst arranged on the permeation side and within wall of the filter facing the permeation side.

CATALYZED CERAMIC CANDLE FILTER AND METHOD FOR CLEANING OF OFF- OR EXHAUST GASES

Ceramic candle filter and use of the filter in the removal of particulate matter in form of soot, ash, metals and metal compounds, together with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas, the filter comprises a combined SCR and oxidation catalyst arranged at least on the dispersion side and/or within wall of the filter, the combined SCR and oxidation catalyst comprises palladium, a vanadium oxide and titania. 1. A ceramic candle filter suitable for the removal of particulate matter in form of soot , ash , metals and metal compounds , together with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas , the filter comprises a combined SCR and oxidation catalyst arranged at least on the dispersion side and/or within wall of the filter , the combined SCR and oxidation catalyst comprises palladium , a vanadium oxide and titania.2. The ceramic candle filter of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst contains palladium in an amount of between 20 and 1000 ppm/weight of the filter.3. The ceramic candle filter according to claim 1 , wherein the ceramic material of the filter is selected from the group of silica-aluminate claim 1 , calcium-magnesium-silicates claim 1 , calcium-silicates fibers claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.4. The ceramic candle filter according to claim 1 , wherein the ceramic material of the filter consists of bio-soluble fibres selected from the group of calcium-magnesium-silicates.5. A method for the removal of particulate matter in form of soot claim 1 , ash claim 1 , metals and metal compounds claim 1 , together with hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas claim 1 , comprising the steps ofproviding a process off-gas or engine exhaust gas containing a nitrogenous reductant or adding the nitrogenous reductant to the off- or exhaust gas;passing the off-gas or the exhaust through a ceramic candle filter and capturing the particulate matter; ...

CATALYZED CERAMIC CANDLE FILTER AND METHOD OF CLEANING PROCESS OFF- OR EXHAUST GASES

Ceramic candle filter and use of the filter in the removal of particulate matter in form of soot, ash, metals and metal compounds, together with hydrocarbons and optionally nitrogen oxides being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas, wherein a noble metal comprising catalyst is arranged on the permeation side of the filter and/or on the dispersion side of the filter and/or within wall of the filter, said noble metal comprising catalyst contains a noble metal in an amount of between 20 and 1000 ppm/weight of the filter. 1. A ceramic candle filter , wherein a noble metal comprising catalyst is arranged on the permeation side of the filter and/or on the dispersion side of the filter and/or within wall of the filter , said noble metal comprising catalyst contains a noble metal in a total amount of between 20 and 1000 ppm/weight of the filter.2. The ceramic candle filter of claim 1 , wherein the noble metal is palladium and/or platinum.3. The ceramic candle filter of claim 1 , wherein the noble metal comprising catalyst further comprises a vanadium oxide and titania.4. The ceramic candle filter according to claim 1 , wherein the ceramic material of the filter is selected from the group of silica-aluminate claim 1 , calcium-magnesium-silicates claim 1 , calcium-silicates fibers claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.5. The ceramic candle filter according to claim 4 , wherein the ceramic material of the filter consists of bio-soluble fibres selected from the group of calcium-magnesium-silicates.6. A method for the removal of particulate matter in form of soot claim 4 , ash claim 4 , metals and metal compounds claim 4 , together with hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide being present in process off-gas or engine exhaust gas claim 4 , comprising the steps ofpassing the off-gas or the exhaust gas through a ceramic candle filter and capturing the particulate matter;reducing amounts of soot in the particulate matter captured on dispersion side of the filter and reducing amounts ...

HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURED PHOTOCATALYSTS AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

The present invention relates to a hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst, comprising a first nanoparticle comprising silver halide (AgX); a second nanoparticle, which is formed on an outer surface of the first nanoparticle and comprises Ag; and a polymer formed on any one outer surface of the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle, and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, the present invention provides a hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst having a high photocatalytic activity in a visible light region and a preparation method thereof. 1. A hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst , comprising:a first nanoparticle comprising silver halide (AgX), wherein X is any of Cl, Br, and I;multiple second nanoparticles in a dendritic form on an outer surface of the first nanoparticle and comprising Ag; anda polymer formed on any one outer surface of the first nanoparticle and the multiple second nanoparticles.2. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first nanoparticle has at least one shape selected from the group consisting of a semi-sphere claim 1 , a sphere claim 1 , a truncated-cube claim 1 , and a cube.3. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the second nanoparticle is formed on the outer surface of the first nanoparticle claim 1 , and the shape of the hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst is formed to correspond to the shape of the first nanoparticle.4. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle has a crystal structure.5. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle has a face-centered cubic structure.6. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst has a band gap energy of 2.0 eV to 3.0 eV and a photocatalytic activity in a visible light region.7. (canceled)8. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING HIGHLY NITROGEN-DOPED MESOPOROUS CARBON COMPOSITES

Some embodiments are directed to a new methodology aimed at preparing highly N-doped mesoporous carbon macroscopic composites, and their use as highly efficient heterogeneous metal-free catalysts in a number of industrially relevant catalytic transformations. 1. A method of preparing macroscopic composites made of a macroscopic support coated with a thin layer of highly nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon phase (active phase) , said method comprising:{'sub': 4', '2', '3, '(a) providing an aqueous solution of (i) (NH)CO; (ii) a carbohydrate as carbon source, selected from aldose monosaccharides and glycosilated forms thereof, disaccharides and oligosaccharides or dextrine deriving from biomass conversion, and (iii) a carboxylic acid source selected from citric acid, and any other mono-, di-, tri-, and poly-carboxylic acid or their ammonium mono-, di-, tri- and poly-basic forms;'} [ (a1) providing an aqueous solution of citric acid and a carbohydrate as carbon source, selected from aldose monosaccharides and glycosilated forms thereof, disaccharides and oligosaccharides;', '(c1) prior to step (c), immerging/soaking or impregnating the macroscopic support of step (b) in the aqueous solution of step (a1) for a suitable amount of time;', '(d1) optionally removing the immerged macroscopic support from the aqueous solution of step (a1) if an excess aqueous solution is used in step (c1);', '(e1′) optionally subjecting the resulting macroscopic support to a gentle thermal treatment (drying) under air at low temperatures from 45 to 55° C., preferably 50° C.±3° C.;', '(e1) subjecting the resulting macroscopic support to a first thermal treatment (drying) under air at moderate temperatures from 110-150° C.±5° C., preferably 130° C.±5° C.; and', '(f1) subjecting the thermally treated (dried) macroscopic support to a second thermal treatment under inert atmosphere at higher temperatures from 600-800° C.±10° C., preferably 600° C.±5° C.; thereby generating a macroscopic composite ...

Process for Making Alkylated Aromatic Compound

A process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound comprises contacting an aromatic starting material and hydrogen with a plurality of catalyst particles under hydroalkylation conditions to produce an effluent comprising the alkylated aromatic compound, the catalyst comprising a composite of a solid acid, an inorganic oxide different from the solid acid and a hydrogenation metal, wherein the distribution of the hydrogenation metal in at least 60 wt % of the catalyst particles is such that the average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the rim portion of a given catalyst particle is Crim, the average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the outer portion of a given catalyst particle is Couter, the average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the center portion of the given catalyst particle is Ccenter, where Crim/Ccenter≧2.0 and/or Couter/Ccenter2.0. Also disclosed are rimmed catalyst and process for making phenol and/or cyclohexanone using the catalyst. 1. A process for producing an alkylated aromatic compound , the process comprising contacting an aromatic starting material and hydrogen with a plurality of catalyst particles under hydroalkylation conditions to produce an effluent comprising the alkylated aromatic compound , the catalyst comprising a composite of a solid acid , an inorganic oxide different from the solid acid and a hydrogenation metal , wherein the distribution of the hydrogenation metal in at least 60 wt % of the catalyst particles is such that:the average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the rim portion of a given catalyst particle is Crim;the average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the outer portion of a given catalyst particle is Couter; andthe average concentration of the hydrogenation metal in the center portion of the given catalyst particle is Ccenter; andat least one of the following conditions is met:(i) Crim/Ccenter≧2.0; and(ii) Couter/Ccenter≧2.0.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ...

EXHAUST GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM

Provided are an exhaust gas treatment system and method for regenerating the exhaust gas treatment system. The exhaust gas treatment system comprises: an oxidation catalyst assembly; a particulate filter downstream of the oxidation catalyst assembly; a reducing agent dosing device downstream of the particulate filter; and a selective catalytic reduction device downstream of the reducing agent dosing device. The oxidation catalyst assembly comprises a first oxidation catalyst to selectively oxidize hydrocarbons in the exhaust stream, at least partially, with substantially no concomitant oxidation of sulfur oxides in the exhaust stream; and a second oxidation catalyst downstream of the first oxidation catalyst, to oxidize hydrocarbons or partially oxidized hydrocarbons having slipped through the first oxidation catalyst, as well as to concomitantly oxidize NO to NO. The system can be regenerated when running on high-sulfur fuels to regenerate the particulate filter as well as remove sulfur species deposited on the system catalysts. 1. An exhaust gas treatment system , arranged for treatment of an exhaust stream that results from a combustion in a combustion engine , the exhaust treatment system comprising: a first oxidation catalyst arranged to selectively oxidize hydrocarbons present in the exhaust stream, at least partially, with substantially no concomitant oxidation of sulfur oxides present in the exhaust stream; and', {'sub': '2', 'a second oxidation catalyst arranged downstream of the first oxidation catalyst, arranged to oxidize hydrocarbons or partially oxidized hydrocarbons having slipped through the first oxidation catalyst, as well as to concomitantly oxidize NO to NO;'}], 'an oxidation catalyst assembly comprisinga particulate filter arranged downstream of the oxidation catalyst assembly;a reducing agent dosing device arranged downstream of the particulate filter, and arranged to supply a reducing agent into the exhaust stream; anda selective catalytic ...

NITROGEN OXIDES (NOx) STORAGE CATALYST

A catalyst for storing nitrogen oxides (NO) in an exhaust gas from a lean burn engine comprising a NOstorage material and a substrate, wherein the NOstorage material comprises a NOstorage component and an NO oxidation promoter on a support material, wherein the NO oxidation promoter is manganese or an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate thereof. 1. A catalyst for storing nitrogen oxides (NO) in an exhaust gas from a lean burn engine comprising a NOstorage material and a substrate , wherein the NOstorage material comprises a NOstorage component and an NO oxidation promoter on a support material , wherein the NO oxidation promoter is manganese or an oxide , hydroxide or carbonate thereof.2. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the storage material comprises a mixed oxide of magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminium oxide (AlO).3. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage component comprises (i) an oxide claim 1 , a carbonate or a hydroxide of an alkali metal; (ii) an oxide claim 1 , a carbonate or a hydroxide of an alkaline earth metal; and/or (iii) an oxide claim 1 , a carbonate or a hydroxide of a rare earth metal claim 1 , preferably the NOstorage component comprises an oxide claim 1 , a carbonate or a hydroxide of barium (Ba).4. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage material further comprises a platinum group metal (PGM) selected from platinum claim 1 , palladium and a combination of platinum and palladium.5. A catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage material does not comprise at least one of platinum and palladium.6. A catalyst according to comprising a NOstorage region disposed on the substrate claim 1 , wherein the NOstorage region comprises the NOstorage material.7. A catalyst according to claim 6 , wherein the NOstorage region further comprises a NOtreatment material claim 6 , wherein the NOtreatment material comprises at least one of a first NOtreatment component and a second NOtreatment component.8. A catalyst ...

Compositions for Passive NOx Adsorption (PNA) Systems and Methods of Making and Using Same

The present disclosure relates to a substrate containing passive NOadsorption (PNA) materials for treatment of gases, and washcoats for use in preparing such a substrate. Also provided are methods of preparation of the PNA materials, as well as methods of preparation of the substrate containing the PNA materials. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a coated substrate containing PNA materials for PNA systems, useful in the treatment of exhaust gases. Also disclosed are exhaust treatment systems, and vehicles, such as diesel or gasoline vehicles, particularly light-duty diesel or gasoline vehicles, using catalytic converters and exhaust treatment systems using the coated substrates. 1225-. (canceled)226. A vehicle comprising:a catalytic converter comprising a Passive NOx Adsorber (PNA) layer comprising nano-sized platinum group metal (PGM) on a plurality of support particles comprising cerium oxide, wherein the amount of cerium oxide in the PNA layer is from about 50 g/L to about 400 g/L.227. The vehicle of claim 226 , wherein the plurality of support particles are micron-sized or the plurality of support particles are nano-sized.228. The vehicle of claim 226 , wherein the plurality of support particles further comprise zirconium oxide claim 226 , lanthanum oxide claim 226 , yttrium oxide claim 226 , or a combination thereof.229. The vehicle of claim 228 , wherein the plurality of support particles comprise HSA5 claim 228 , HSA20 claim 228 , or a mixture thereof.230. The vehicle of claim 226 , wherein the nano-sized PGM on the plurality of support particles comprise composite nano-particles claim 226 , wherein the composite nano-particles comprise a support-nanoparticle and a PGM nano-particle.231. The vehicle of claim 230 , wherein the composite nano-particles are bonded to micron-sized carrier particles to form nano-on-nano-on-micro (NNm) particles.232. The vehicle of claim 230 , wherein the composite nano-particles are embedded within carrier ...

SILVER CATALYST SYSTEM HAVING A REDUCED PRESSURE DROP FOR THE OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF ALCOHOLS

The invention relates to a silver-comprising catalyst system for the preparation of aldehydes and/or ketones by oxidative dehydrogenation of alcohols, in particular the oxidative dehydrogenation of methanol to form formaldehyde, comprising a first catalyst layer and a second catalyst layer, wherein the first catalyst layer consists of a silver-comprising material in the form of balls of wire, gauzes or knitteds having a weight per unit area of from 0.3 to 10 kg/mand a wire diameter of from 30 to 200 μm and the second catalyst layer consists of a silver-comprising material in the form of granular material having an average particle size of from 0.5 to 5 mm and the two catalyst layers are in direct contact with one another. The invention further relates to a corresponding process for the preparation of aldehydes and/or ketones, in particular of formaldehyde, by oxidative dehydrogenation of corresponding alcohols over a silver-comprising catalyst system. 112.-. (canceled)14. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the silver-comprising material of the catalyst layer A has a weight per unit area in the range from 0.3 to 3 kg/mfor the entire catalyst layer A.15. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the silver-comprising material of the catalyst layer A has a wire diameter in the range from 30 μm to 150 μm.16. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the balls of wire claim 13 , gauzes and knitteds of the catalyst layer A consist of wires which are silver-comprising fibers or threads having an essentially circular cross section.17. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the silver-comprising material of the catalyst layer B has an average particle size in the range from 0.75 mm to 4 mm.18. The silver-comprising catalyst system according to claim 13 , wherein the silver-comprising material of the catalyst layer A has a silver content of >98% by weight. ...

FCC CATALYST COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING BORON OXIDE AND PHOSPHORUS

A method of cracking a hydrocarbon feed under fluid catalytic cracking conditions includes adding FCC compatible inorganic particles having a first particle type including one or more boron oxide components and a first matrix component into a FCC unit and adding cracking microspheres having a second particle type including a second matrix component, a phosphorus component and 20% to 95% by weight of a zeolite component into the FCC unit. 1. A method of cracking a hydrocarbon feed under fluid catalytic cracking conditions , the method comprising adding FCC compatible inorganic particles comprising a first particle type comprising one or more boron oxide components and a first matrix component into a FCC unit and adding cracking microspheres comprising a second particle type comprising a second matrix component , a phosphorus component and 20% to 95% by weight of a zeolite component into the FCC unit.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more boron oxides present in the FCC composition is in the in the range of 0.005% to 8% by weight on an oxide basis and the phosphorus content is present on the cracking microspheres in the range of 0.5% and 10.0% by weight on an oxide basis.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cracking microspheres further comprise a rare earth component selected from the group consisting of yttria claim 2 , ceria claim 2 , lanthana claim 2 , praseodymia claim 2 , neodymia claim 2 , and combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the rare earth component is lanthana claim 3 , and the lanthana is present in a range of 0.5 wt. % to about 10.0 wt. % on an oxide basis based on the weight of the FCC catalyst composition.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the cracking microspheres further comprise a transition alumina component present in a range of 1 wt. % to 35 wt. %.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first particle type does not incorporate a zeolite.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more boron oxide components are ...

Process for producing benzene from a c5-c12 hydrocarbon mixture

The invention relates to a process for producing benzene, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a hydrocracking feed stream comprising C5-C12 hydrocarbons, (b) contacting the hydrocracking feed stream in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrocracking catalyst comprising 0.01-1 wt-% hydrogenation metal in relation to the total catalyst weight and a zeolite having a pore size of 5-8 Å and a silica (SiO 2 ) to alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) molar ratio of 5-200 under process conditions including a temperature of 425-580° C., a pressure of 300-5000 kPa gauge and a Weight Hourly Space Velocity of 0.1-15 h −1 to produce a hydrocracking product stream comprising benzene, toluene and C8+ hydrocarbons, (c) separating benzene, toluene and the C8+ hydrocarbons from the hydrocracking product stream and (d) selectively recycling back at least part of the toluene from the separated products of step (c) to be included in the hydrocracking feed stream.

Methods of Preparing an Aromatization Catalyst

A method of preparing a bound zeolite support comprising: contacting a zeolite powder with a binder and water to form a paste; shaping the paste to form an wet extruded base; removing excess water from the wet extruded base to form an extruded base; contacting the extruded base with a fluorine-containing compound to form a fluorinated extruded base; calcining the extruded base to form a calcined fluorinated extruded base; washing the calcined fluorinated extruded base to form a washed calcined fluorinated extruded base; drying the washed calcined fluorinated extruded base to form a dried washed calcined fluorinated extruded base; and calcining the dried washed calcined fluorinated extruded base to form a bound zeolite support. 1. A method of preparing a bound zeolite support comprising:calcining an extruded base to form a calcined extruded base, wherein the extruded base comprises a KL-zeolite;contacting the calcined extruded base with a fluorine-containing compound to form a fluorinated calcined extruded base;washing the fluorinated calcined extruded base to form a washed fluorinated calcined extruded base;drying the washed fluorinated calcined extruded base to form a dried washed fluorinated calcined extruded base;calcining the dried washed fluorinated calcined extruded base to form a bound zeolite support; andcontacting the bound zeolite support with a Group VIII metal.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:contacting a KL-zeolite powder with a binder and water to form a paste;shaping the paste to form an wet extruded base; andremoving excess water from the wet extruded base to form the extruded base.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the binder comprises synthetic or naturally-occurring zeolites claim 2 , alumina claim 2 , silica claim 2 , clays claim 2 , refractory oxides of metals of Groups IVA and IVB of the Periodic Table of the Elements; oxides of silicon claim 2 , titanium claim 2 , zirconium; or combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , ...

Production method for halogenated pyrazolecarboxylic acid

The invention provides a method capable of more simply and efficiently producing halogen-containing pyrazolecarboxylic acids useful as pharmaceutical or agrochemical intermediates, in a manner suitable for industrial production. In particular, the invention provides a method of producing a compound represented by the formula (b), which comprises reacting a compound represented by the formula (a) with oxygen in the presence of a compound containing a transition metal atom to obtain the compound represented by the formula (b): wherein each symbol is as described in the description.

Pre-treatment method of plating, plating system, and recording medium

A pre-treatment method of plating can suppress a catalyst layer from being peeled off from a substrate. The pre-treatment method of forming the catalyst layer on the substrate includes forming the catalyst layer 22 by adsorbing a catalyst 22 a on the substrate 2; and forming a catalyst fixing layer 27 on the catalyst layer 22.

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION CATALYST

The present disclosure provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst having improved performance for purifying an exhaust gas, in particular, an exhaust gas containing NOx. The exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present disclosure includes Rh-supporting composite oxide support particles containing Al, Zr, and Ti and Rh-supporting aluminum phosphate-based support particles. Furthermore, in the exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present disclosure, the ratio of the moles of metals constituting the aluminum phosphate-based support particles, relative to the total moles of metals constituting the composite oxide support particles and the aluminum phosphate-based support particles is 7.5% or more and 15.0% or less. 1. An exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising Rh-supporting composite oxide support particles containing Al , Zr , and Ti and Rh-supporting aluminum phosphate-based support particles ,wherein the aluminum phosphate-based support particles are support particles composed of aluminum phosphate or aluminum phosphate in which a part of Al is substituted by Zr, andwherein the percentage ratio of the moles of metals constituting the aluminum phosphate-based support particles relative to the total moles of metals constituting the composite oxide support particles and the aluminum phosphate-based support particles is 7.5% or more and 15.0% or less.2. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the aluminum phosphate-based support particles are support particles composed of aluminum phosphate in which a part of Al is substituted by Zr.3. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the support particles composed of aluminum phosphate in which a part of Al is substituted by Zr claim 2 , are represented by the formula: AlZrPO claim 2 , and a is 0.80 or more and less than 1.00.4. The exhaust gas purification catalyst according to claim 1 , further comprising Pt-supporting support particles.5. The exhaust gas ...

METHOD FOR IMPROVING SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION EFFICIENCY USING METAL OXIDE PHOTOCATALYSTS HAVING ENERGY BAND OF CORE-SHELL FOR ULTRAVIOLET RAY AND VISIBLE LIGHT ABSORPTION AND PHOTOCATALYSTS THEREOF

The present invention discloses a method for improving solar energy conversion efficiency using metal oxide photocatalysts having an energy band of core-shell structure for ultraviolet (UV) ray and visible light absorption, comprising a first process of forming a nanoparticle thin film layer; a second process of preparing a core-shell metal oxide on metal oxide nanoparticles by a plasma reaction under a hydrogen and nitrogen gas atmosphere, and a third process of depositing a transition metal on surfaces of core-shell metal oxide nanoparticles to produce a photocatalyst for energy conversion. A great amount of oxygen vacancies is formed in a shell region by the core-shell metal oxide to achieve effects of improving transfer ability of electron-hole pairs excited by light, and extending a wavelength range of absorbable light to a visible light region by changing a band-gap structure. 1. A method for improving solar energy conversion efficiency using a metal oxide photocatalyst which has a core-shell energy band structure for absorption of ultraviolet (UV) ray and visible light , comprising:a first process of performing heat treatment on a metal oxide semiconductor having a band-gap to form a nanoparticle thin film layer;a second process of contacting a plasma ball including mixed gas in a substitutional NH or NHx radical state by a plasma reaction under a hydrogen and nitrogen gas atmosphere with a surface of a metal oxide particle to simultaneously generate a NH functional group and oxygen vacancies formed by hydrogenation, so as to prepare a core-shell metal oxide capable of absorbing UV ray and visible light; anda third process of further depositing a transition metal on surfaces of core-shell metal oxide nanoparticles to produce a photocatalyst of metal oxide-transition metal having a HN-core-shell structure for energy conversion.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide and the transition metal include at least one element selected from Ti ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS

An apparatus and method for producing hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons and lower olefins including propylene from CHand COthrough CO and Hwith high activity and high selectivity. The apparatus is provided with: a synthetic gas production unit to which a gas containing CHand COis supplied from a first supply unit, and which generates a synthetic gas containing CO and Hwhile heating a first catalyst structure; a production unit to which the synthetic gas is supplied and which generates hydrocarbons including aromatic hydrocarbons having 6-10 carbon atoms and lower olefins including propylene while heating a second catalyst structure; and a detection unit which detects propylene and the aromatic hydrocarbons discharged from the production unit, in which the first catalyst structure includes first supports having a porous structure and a first metal fine particle in the first supports, the first supports have a first channels, the first metal fine particle is present in the first channels, the second catalyst structure includes second supports having a porous structure and a second metal fine particle in the second supports, the second supports have a second channels, and a portion of the second channels have an average inner diameter of 0.95 nm or less. 1. An apparatus for producing hydrocarbons including lower olefins including propylene and aromatic hydrocarbons having six or more and ten or less carbon atoms , the apparatus comprising:a first supply unit that supplies a raw material gas comprising methane and carbon dioxide;a synthesis gas production unit that comprises a first catalyst structure, receives supply of the raw material gas from the first supply unit, and produces a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen from methane and carbon dioxide in the raw material gas while heating the first catalyst structure;a second supply unit that supplies the synthesis gas discharged from the synthesis gas production unit;a hydrocarbon production ...

CATALYSTS FOR THE CONVERSION OF SYNTHESIS GAS TO ALCOHOLS

A catalyst support for manufacturing a mixture of alcohols from synthesis gas comprises a combination of nickel, molybdenum, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, ruthenium, chromium, gold, zirconium, and aluminum, and at least one of an alkali metal or alkaline earth series metal as a promoter. The catalyst may be used in a process for converting synthesis gas wherein the primary product is a mixture of ethanol (EtOH), propanol (PrOH), and butanol (BuOH), optionally in conjunction with higher alcohols. 1. A process for producing one or more C-Calcohols comprising:placing synthesis gas in contact with a catalyst under conditions sufficient to convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas to at least one of ethanol, propanol and butanol, wherein the catalyst comprises:nickel;molybdenum;at least one metal selected from a group consisting of palladium, ruthenium, chromium, gold, zirconium, and aluminum;a promoter comprising at least one of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal; anda catalyst support selected from a group consisting of silica, alumina, magnesium oxide, and mixtures thereof.2. The process for producing C-Calcohols according to claim 1 , further comprising:reducing the catalyst using a reducing agent prior to contact with the synthesis gas.3. The process for producing C-Calcohols according to claim 2 , wherein the reducing agent comprises hydrogen.4. The process for producing C-Calcohols according to claim 2 , wherein reducing the catalyst comprises using the reducing agent at a pressure between 0.10 MPa and 4.14 MPa.5. The process for C-Calcohols according to claim 4 , wherein reducing the catalyst further comprises using the reducing agent at a temperature between 250° C. and 1200 ° C.6. The process for C-Calcohols according to claim 5 , wherein reducing the catalyst further comprises using the reducing agent at a temperature between 330° C. and 700° C.7. The process for producing C-Calcohols according to claim 1 , ...

OXIDATION CATALYST FOR A STOICHIOMETRIC NATURAL GAS ENGINE

An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas produced by a stoichiometric natural gas (NG) engine comprising a substrate and a catalytic material for oxidising hydrocarbon (HC), wherein the catalytic material for oxidising hydrocarbon (HC) comprises a molecular sieve and a platinum group metal (PGM) supported on the molecular sieve, wherein the molecular sieve has a framework comprising silicon, oxygen and optionally germanium. 1. An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas produced by a stoichiometric natural gas (NG) engine comprising:a substrate having an inlet end and an outlet end;{'sub': '3); and', 'a first region comprising a catalytic material for oxidising ammonia (NH'}a second region comprising a catalytic material for oxidising hydrocarbon (HC);wherein the catalytic material for oxidising hydrocarbon (HC) comprises a molecular sieve and a platinum group metal (PGM) supported on the molecular sieve, wherein the molecular sieve has a framework comprising silicon and oxygen or a framework comprising silicon, oxygen and germanium; andthe second region is arranged to contact the exhaust gas at the outlet end of the substrate and after contact of the exhaust gas with the first region.2. An oxidation catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic material for oxidising ammonia (NH) comprises a molecular sieve and optionally a transition metal claim 1 , which is supported on the molecular sieve.3. An oxidation catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the molecular sieve is a small pore molecular sieve.4. An oxidation catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the molecular sieve is an aluminosilicate molecular sieve or a silico-aluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieve.5. An oxidation catalyst according to claim 2 , wherein the molecular sieve has a framework type selected from CHA claim 2 , LEV claim 2 , ERI claim 2 , DDR claim 2 , KFI claim 2 , EAB claim 2 , PAU claim 2 , MER claim 2 , AEI claim 2 , GOO claim 2 , YUG claim 2 , GIS claim 2 , VNI and ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE

An exhaust gas purification device which has improved exhaust gas purification performance. An exhaust gas purification device which includes a first catalyst layer that contains: a Pd-supporting catalyst which is obtained by having alumina carrier particles support Pd; a first Rh-supporting catalyst which is obtained by having first ceria-zirconia carrier particles support Rh; and second ceria-zirconia carrier particles. This exhaust gas purification device is configured such that: the ceria concentration in the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles is 30 wt % or less; and the amount of ceria in the second ceria-zirconia carrier particles is larger than the amount of ceria in the first ceria-zirconia carrier particles. 1. An exhaust gas purification device , having a first catalyst layer containing a Pd-supporting catalyst supporting Pd on an alumina carrier particle , a first Rh-supporting catalyst supporting Rh on a first ceria-zirconia carrier particle , and a second ceria-zirconia carrier particle; wherein ,the ceria concentration in the first ceria-zirconia carrier particle is 30% by weight or less and the amount of ceria in the second ceria-zirconia carrier particle is larger than the amount of ceria in the first ceria-zirconia carrier particle.2. The exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the ceria concentration in the second ceria-zirconia carrier particle is greater than 30% by weight.3. The exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst layer further contains barium sulfate.4. The exhaust gas purification device according to claim 1 , having a second catalyst layer on the lower side of the first catalyst layer.5. The exhaust gas purification device according to claim 4 , wherein the second catalyst layer contains barium sulfate.6. The exhaust gas purification device according to claim 4 , wherein the second catalyst layer contains a second Rh-supporting catalyst supporting Rh on the first ceria- ...

CATALYSTS FOR NATURAL GAS PROCESSES

Catalysts, catalytic forms and formulations, and catalytic methods are provided. The catalysts and catalytic forms and formulations are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed. 138-. (canceled)39. A catalytic material comprising:(a) an OCM active catalyst; and {'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'x', 'y, 'Ln1Ln2O(OH)'}, '(b) a second catalyst comprising the following formulawherein:Ln1 and Ln2 are each independently different lanthanide elements;O is oxygen;OH is hydroxy;a is a number greater than 0; andb, x and y are each independently numbers of 0 or greater, provided that at least one of x or y is greater than 0, andwherein the catalytic material comprises a methane conversion of greater than 20% and a C2 selectivity of greater than 50% when the catalytic material is employed as a heterogeneous catalyst in the oxidative coupling of methane at a temperatures ranging from about 550° C. to about 750° C.40. The catalytic material of claim 39 , wherein b and x are each independently numbers greater than 0 claim 39 , and y is 0.41. The catalytic material of claim 39 , wherein the OCM active catalyst is a bulk catalyst and the second catalyst is a nanostructured catalyst.42. The catalytic material of claim 39 , wherein the OCM active catalyst is a nanostructured catalyst.43. The catalytic material of claim 42 , wherein the OCM active catalyst is a nanowire catalyst.44. The catalytic material of claim 39 , wherein the second catalyst comprises a nanostructured catalyst comprising a lanthanum/neodymium oxide claim 39 , a lanthanum/cerium oxide claim 39 , a neodymium/cerium oxide claim 39 , a lanthanum/samarium oxide claim 39 , a neodymium/samarium oxide claim 39 , a europium/neodymium oxide claim 39 , a lanthanum/erbium oxide claim 39 , a neodymium/erbium oxide claim 39 , or a europium/lanthanum oxide.45. The catalytic material of claim 39 , wherein the ...

EXHAUST TREATMENT SYSTEM INCLUDING NICKEL-CONTAINING CATALYST

Methods and systems are provided for emissions control of a vehicle. In one example, a catalyst may include a cerium-based support material and a transition metal catalyst loaded on the support material, the transition metal catalyst including nickel and copper, wherein nickel in the transition metal catalyst is included in a monatomic layer loaded on the support material. In some examples, limiting nickel to the monatomic layer may mitigate extensive transition metal catalyst degradation ascribed to sintering of thicker nickel washcoat layers. Further, by utilizing the cerium-based support material, side reactions involving nickel in the transition metal catalyst with other support materials may be prevented. 1. A catalyst , comprising:a support material comprising one or more of cerium metal, ceria, and high-cerium cerium-zirconium oxide; anda transition metal catalyst loaded on the support material, the transition metal catalyst comprising nickel and copper;wherein nickel in the transition metal catalyst is included in a monatomic layer loaded on the support material.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a loading of nickel in the transition metal catalyst on the support material is greater than 0.001 g/mand less than 0.002 g/m.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein nickel is present at about 12 wt. %.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of copper to nickel is about 1:49.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the high-cerium cerium-zirconium oxide is CeZrO.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein alumina is present at a molar ratio of alumina to nickel of less than 0.20.7. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein no alumina is present.8. A system for a vehicle claim 1 , comprising:a first emissions treatment device comprising a cerium-based support material and a transition metal catalyst washcoat, the transition metal catalyst washcoat comprising nickel and copper, with nickel in the transition metal catalyst washcoat included in only a monatomic layer loaded on ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR EXHAUST GAS AFTER-TREATMENT

The present invention relates to a catalytically effective composition for a multilayer catalyst for exhaust gas after-treatment of combustion facilities and to a multilayer catalyst containing the catalytically effective composition. Moreover, the invention relates to an exhaust gas after-treatment system and to a vehicle which both contain the catalyst according to the invention. 1. A method for preparing a catalytically effective composition for exhaust gas after-treatment of combustion exhaust gases in a multilayer catalyst , wherein the composition comprises an oxygen storage material comprising one or more rare earth metals , aluminum oxide , and at least one noble metal selected from platinum , rhodium , and palladium , wherein the composition has a particle size d90 in a range of 10 μm to 35 μm , the method comprising:(i) placing the oxygen storage material in water;(ii) adding a solution of a salt of the at least one noble metal to form a slurry; and(iii) adding aluminum oxide to the slurry.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising maintaining a pH in a range of 4 to 5 during the addition of step (ii).3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the pH is adjusted using ammonia.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a particle size d10 in a range of 1 μm to 4 μm.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a particle size d50 in a range of 2.5 μm to 11.5 μm.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen storage material comprises a cerium-zirconium oxide.7. A catalytically effective composition produced according to method according to .8. A multilayer catalyst comprising a substrate structure comprising channels for passage of gases claim 7 , wherein at least some of the channels comprise an exhaust gas inlet situated upstream with respect to a flow direction of the exhaust gases and a gas outlet situated downstream claim 7 , and wherein at least some of the channels comprise a first ...

Improved Catalyzed Soot Filter

A catalyzed soot filter, in particular for the treatment of Diesel engine exhaust, comprises a coating design which ensures soot particulates filtration, assists the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO), and produces low HS emissions during normal engine operations and regeneration events. 1. A catalyzed soot filter , comprisinga wall flow substrate comprising an inlet end, an outlet end, a substrate axial length extending between the inlet end and the outlet end, and a plurality of passages defined by internal walls of the wall flow filter substrate;wherein the plurality of passages comprise inlet passages having an open inlet end and a closed outlet end, and outlet passages having a closed inlet end and an open outlet end;wherein the internal walls of the inlet passages comprise an inlet coating comprising at least one layer, and the inlet coating extends from the inlet end to an inlet coating end, thereby defining an inlet coating length, wherein the inlet coating length is x % of the substrate axial length, with 25≦x≦100; andwherein the internal walls of the outlet passages comprise an outlet coating comprising at least one layer, and the outlet coating extends from the outlet end to an outlet coating end, thereby defining an outlet coating length, wherein the outlet coating length is y % of the substrate axial length, with 25≦y≦100;wherein the inlet coating length defines an upstream zone of the catalyzed soot filter and the outlet coating length defines a downstream zone of the catalyzed soot filter;{'sub': '2', 'wherein the wall flow substrate comprises at least one layer comprising at least one oxidation catalyst and at least one layer comprising at least one HS suppressing material;'}{'sub': '2', 'wherein said at least one oxidation catalyst and said at least one HS suppressing material are separated by the internal walls of the wall flow filter substrate;'}characterized in that the total coating length is x+y, and x+y≧100.2. The catalyzed soot filter of claim ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION CATALYST

A wall-flow-type exhaust gas purification catalyst with an oxygen storage material that has an increased OSC and exhibits its OSC without a compromise provides an exhaust gas purification catalyst having a wall-flow-type substrate, a first catalytic layer and a second catalytic layer. The first catalytic layer is provided to an internal portion of a partition wall in contact with an entrance cell. The second catalytic layer is provided to an internal portion of a partition wall in contact with an exit cell. Each of the first and second catalytic layers has an oxygen storage material. The ratio (D/D) of the coating density Dof the first catalytic layer to the coating density Dof the second catalytic layer is 1.1 to 1.8. 1. A wall-flow-type exhaust gas purification catalyst to be placed in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion system to purify exhaust gas emitted from the internal combustion system , the exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising:a substrate having a wall-flow structure with an exhaust inlet-side end and an exhaust outlet-side end, the substrate having an entrance cell that is open on the exhaust inlet-side end and an exit cell that is open on the exhaust outlet-side end, separated with a porous partition wall,{'sub': 1', '1', 'w, 'a first catalytic layer provided to an internal portion of the partition wall in contact with the entrance cell, having a length Lfrom the exhaust inlet-side end in the running direction of the partition wall with Lbeing less than the total length Lof the partition wall in the running direction,'}{'sub': 2', '2', 'w, 'a second catalytic layer provided to an internal portion of the partition wall in contact with the exit cell, having a length Lfrom the exhaust outlet-side end in the running direction of the partition wall with Lbeing less than the total length Lof the partition wall in the running direction; wherein'}in the internal portion of the partition wall in contact with the entrance cell, near the exhaust ...

METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ALUMINA BEADS FORMED BY DEWATERING A HIGHLY DISPERSIBLE GEL

A process for the preparation of an alumina in the form of beads with a sulphur content in the range 0.001% to 1% by weight and a sodium content in the range 0.001% to 1% by weight with respect to the total mass of said beads is described, said beads being prepared by shaping an alumina gel having a high dispersibility by drop coagulation. The alumina gel is itself prepared using a specific precipitation preparation process in order to obtain at least 40% by weight of alumina with respect to the total quantity of alumina formed at the end of the gel preparation process right from the first precipitation step, the quantity of alumina formed at the end of the first precipitation step possibly even reaching 100%. The invention also concerns the use of alumina beads as a catalyst support in a catalytic reforming process. 1. A process for the preparation of an alumina in the form of beads with a sulphur content in the range 0.001% to 1% by weight and a sodium content in the range 0.001% to 1% by weight with respect to the total mass of said beads , said process comprising at least the following steps:{'sub': 2', '3, 'a) at least one first step for the precipitation of alumina, in an aqueous reaction medium, using at least one basic precursor selected from sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide and at least one acidic precursor selected from aluminium sulphate, aluminium chloride, aluminium nitrate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, in which at least one of the basic or acidic precursors comprises aluminium, the relative flow rate of the acidic and basic precursors being selected in a manner such as to obtain a pH of the reaction medium in the range 8.5 to 10.5 and the flow rate of the acidic and basic precursor or precursors containing aluminium being regulated in a manner such as to obtain a percentage completion of said first step in the range 40% to 100%, the percentage completion being defined as ...

Platinum group metal (pgm) catalysts for automotive emissions treatment

Catalytic materials for exhaust gas purifying catalyst composites comprise platinum group metal (PGM)-containing catalysts whose PGM component(s) are provided as nanoparticles and are affixed to a refractory metal oxide, which may be provided as a precursor. Upon calcination of the catalysts, the PGM is thermally affixed to and well-dispersed throughout the support. Excellent conversion of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides can advantageously be achieved using such catalysts.

RHODIUM-CONTAINING CATALYSTS FOR AUTOMOTIVE EMISSIONS TREATMENT

Catalytic materials, and in particular, rhodium-containing catalytic materials for exhaust gas purifying catalyst composites are provided herein. Such materials comprise multimetallic Rh-containing nanoparticles, which are present primarily inside aggregated particles of a support (such as alumina). Such catalytic materials can exhibit excellent conversion of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. 1. A catalytic material comprising:a porous refractory metal oxide support in the form of aggregated particles; anda plurality of rhodium-containing multimetallic nanoparticles, wherein at least about 50% by weight of the nanoparticles are located inside the aggregated particles of the support.2. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein at least about 90% by weight of the nanoparticles are located inside the aggregated particles of the support.3. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the support comprises alumina.4. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the rhodium-containing multimetallic nanoparticles comprise palladium-rhodium bimetallic nanoparticles.5. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the average primary particle size of the rhodium-containing multimetallic nanoparticles is about 1 to about 20 nm as measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).6. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the rhodium-containing multimetallic nanoparticles are colloidally delivered and thermally affixed to the support to form the catalytic material.7. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the average aggregated particle size of the support is about 1 micron or greater as measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).8. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein an average primary particle size of the support is about 1 to about 100 nm as measured by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).9. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the support is colloidally delivered.10. The catalytic material of claim 1 , wherein the support is pre-calcined.11. ...

EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION CATALYST

An exhaust gas purification catalyst capable of stably maintaining and exhibiting excellent catalytic performance includes a wall-flow-type substrate, a first catalytic layer and a second catalytic layer. The first catalytic layer is provided to an internal portion of a partition wall in contact with an entrance cell. The second catalytic layer is provided to an internal portion of a partition wall in contact with an exit cell. The ratio (D/D) of the coating density Dof the second catalytic layer to the coating density Dof the first catalytic layer is 1.01 to 1.4. 1. A wall-flow-type exhaust gas purification catalyst to be placed in an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion system to purify exhaust gas emitted from the internal combustion system , the exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising:a substrate having a wall-flow structure with an exhaust inlet-side end and an exhaust outlet-side end, the substrate having an entrance cell that is open on the exhaust inlet-side end and an exit cell that is open on the exhaust outlet-side end, separated with a porous partition wall,{'sub': 1', '1', 'w, 'a first catalytic layer provided to an internal portion of the partition wall in contact with the entrance cell, having a length Lfrom the exhaust inlet-side end in the running direction of the partition wall with Lbeing less than the total length Lof the partition wall in the running direction,'}{'sub': 2', '2', 'w, 'a second catalytic layer provided to an internal portion of the partition wall in contact with the exit cell, having a length Lfrom the exhaust outlet-side end in the running direction of the partition wall with Lbeing less than the total length Lof the partition wall in the running direction; wherein'}in the internal portion of the partition wall in contact with the entrance cell, near the exhaust outlet-side end, the exhaust gas purification catalyst has a substrate-exposing segment free of the first and second catalytic layers, and{'sub': 1', '2', '2', '1, ...

Catalyst for Production of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Method of Producing Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using the Same

Disclosed is a catalyst for production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, in which the catalyst includes a transition metal catalyst supported on a support mixture including MgO, and thus can increase the production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and, at the same time, reduce the number of walls of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes to thereby reduce the surface resistance of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Also disclosed is a method of producing multi-walled carbon nanotubes using the catalyst. The catalyst for production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes includes: a support mixture of a first support and a second support mixed with the first support; and a transition metal catalyst supported on the support mixture. 1. A catalyst for production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes , comprising:a support mixture of a first support and a second support mixed with the first support; anda transition metal catalyst supported on the support mixture.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first support is any one of alumina (AlO) and silica (SiO).3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the second support is magnesium oxide (MgO).4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises at least one transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe) claim 1 , cobalt (Co) claim 1 , nickel (Ni) claim 1 , yttrium (Y) claim 1 , molybdenum (Mo) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , platinum (Pt) claim 1 , palladium (Pd) claim 1 , vanadium (V) claim 1 , niobium (Nb) claim 1 , tungsten (W) claim 1 , chromium (Cr) claim 1 , iridium (Ir) and titanium (Ti).5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal catalyst is added in an amount of 1-20 wt % based on 100 wt % of the catalyst for production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.6. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the second support is added in an amount of 5-50 wt % based on 100 wt % of the catalyst for production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.7. A method for producing multi-walled carbon ...

Production of Xylenes From Syngas

This disclosure relates to the production of xylenes from syngas, in which the syngas is converted to an aromatic product by reaction with an isosynthesis catalyst and an aromatization catalyst. The isosynthesis catalyst and aromatization catalyst may be different catalysts or combined into a single catalyst. The aromatic product is then subjected to one of more of (i) xylene isomerization, (ii) transalkylation with at least one C+aromatic hydrocarbon, and (iii) alkylation with methanol and/or carbon monoxide and hydrogen to increase its p-xylene content. 1. A process for producing xylenes , the process comprising:(a) providing a feed comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in which the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is from 0.5 to 6;(b) contacting the feed with (i) a first catalyst comprising at least one metal or compound containing a metal selected from the group consisting of Ce, Zn, Zr, and Th, and (ii) a second catalyst, which may be the same as or different than the first catalyst, comprising at least one medium pore size molecular sieve under conditions including a temperature of at least 350° C. and a pressure of at least 1500 kPa (absolute) effective to produce a reaction effluent containing benzene, toluene, and xylenes; and{'sub': '9', '(c) subjecting at least part of the reaction effluent to at least one of (i) contacting with a xylene isomerization catalyst, (ii) transalkylation with at least one C+ aromatic hydrocarbon, and (iii) alkylation with methanol and/or carbon monoxide and hydrogen under conditions to produce p-xylene.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed further comprises methane.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst comprises CeZrO.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second catalyst comprises at least one molecular sieve having a Constraint Index of 1-12.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one molecular sieve of the second catalyst comprises ZSM-5.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Production of Xylenes From Syngas

This disclosure relates to the production of xylenes from syngas, in which the syngas is converted to an aromatic product by reaction with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and an aromatization catalyst. The Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and aromatization catalyst may be different catalysts or combined into a single catalyst. The aromatic product is then subjected to selective alkylation with methanol and/or carbon monoxide and hydrogen to increase its p-xylene content. 1. A process for producing xylenes , the process comprising:(a) providing a first feed comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in which the molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is from about 0.5 to 6;(b) contacting the first feed with (i) a first catalyst comprising at least one metal or compound containing a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ru, and (ii) a second catalyst, which may be the same as or different than the first catalyst, comprising at least one medium pore size molecular sieve under conditions including a temperature from 200° C. to 370° C. and a pressure from 500 to 3000 kPa (absolute) effective to produce a reaction effluent containing benzene and/or toluene; and{'sup': '−1', '(c) reacting at least part of the benzene and/or toluene in the reaction effluent with a second feed comprising (i) methanol and/or (ii) hydrogen and carbon monoxide under conditions effective to produce p-xylene, wherein the reacting is conducted in the presence of a third catalyst comprising at least one molecular sieve having a Diffusion Parameter for 2,2-dimethylbutane of from 0.1 to 15 secwhen measured at a temperature of 120° C. and a 2,2-dimethylbutane pressure of 60 torr (8 kPa).'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst further comprises a support selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide claim 1 , manganese oxide claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , silica claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein first catalyst ...

LIGHT UPCONVERSION MICROCAPSULES

A composition, method, and article of manufacture are disclosed. The composition is a microcapsule that includes a transparent shell encapsulating a mixture comprising light upconversion molecules. The method is a method of forming a microcapsule, which includes obtaining light upconversion molecules, forming an emulsion of the light upconversion molecules and a shell formation solution, and encapsulating the light upconversion molecules in a transparent shell. The article of manufacture comprises the microcapsule. 1. A microcapsule , comprising:a transparent shell encapsulating a mixture, the mixture comprising light upconversion molecules.2. The microcapsule of claim 1 , wherein the light upconversion molecules comprise a molecular sensitizer and a molecular annihilator.3. The microcapsule of claim 1 , wherein the mixture further comprises a non-polar solvent.4. The microcapsule of claim 1 , wherein the transparent shell is a urea-formaldehyde shell.5. The microcapsule of claim 1 , wherein the light upconversion molecules comprise a molecular sensitizer selected from the group consisting of a transition metal complex of a porphyrin and a transition metal complex of a phthalocyanine.6. The microcapsule of claim 1 , wherein the light upconversion molecules comprise a molecular annihilator selected from the group consisting of a furanyldiketopyrrolopyrrole and a perylene.7. A method of forming a microcapsule claim 1 , comprising:obtaining light upconversion molecules;forming an emulsion that includes the light upconversion molecules and a shell formation solution; andencapsulating the light upconversion molecules in a transparent shell.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the light upconversion molecules comprise a molecular sensitizer and a molecular annihilator.9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:forming a reaction system that includes the microcapsule, a photocatalyst, and a substrate; andexposing the reaction system to light having sufficient energy to ...

SURFACE-MODIFIED LIGHT UPCONVERSION SILICA PARTICLES

A composition, method, and article of manufacture are disclosed. The composition includes a silica particle with light upconversion molecules bound to its surface. The method includes obtaining silica particles and light upconversion molecules having sidechains with reactive functional groups. The method further includes binding the light upconversion molecules to surfaces of the silica particles. The article of manufacture includes the composition. 1. A composition , comprising:a silica particle; andlight upconversion molecules bound to a surface of the silica particle.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the light upconversion molecules comprise molecular sensitizers.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the light upconversion molecules comprise molecular annihilators.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the light upconversion molecules comprise molecular annihilators and molecular sensitizers.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the silica particle includes a first face and a second face.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the light upconversion molecules comprise molecular sensitizers bound to the first face of the silica particle.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the light upconversion molecules comprise molecular annihilators bound to the second face of the silica particle.8. A method of forming surface-modified particles claim 6 , comprising:obtaining silica particles;obtaining light upconversion molecules having sidechains with reactive functional groups; andbinding the light upconversion molecules to surfaces of the silica particles.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the reactive functional groups are silyl groups.10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising forming a reaction environment claim 8 , the reaction environment comprising:the surface-modified particles;a photocatalyst; anda substrate.11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the silica particles are Janus particles.12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the light ...

MEMBRANE TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF MICROTUBE ENGINES

Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for fabrication of microtube engines using membrane template electrodeposition. Such nanomotors operate based on bubble-induced propulsion in biological fluids and salt-rich environments. In one aspect, fabricating microengines includes depositing a polymer layer on a membrane template, depositing a conductive metal layer on the polymer layer, and dissolving the membrane template to release the multilayer microtubes. 126-. (canceled)27. A microstructure , comprising:a microtube having a large opening and a short opening at opposite ends of the microtube and a tube body connecting the large opening and the short opening and a spatially reducing size along a longitudinal direction from the large opening to the small opening;the microtube further including a layered wall structure defining the tube body, the layered wall structure having at least two layers, a first layer that is an external layer formed of a material capable of being functionalized, and a second layer that is an inner layer.28. The microstructure of claim 27 , wherein the first layer comprises a polymer material.29. The microstructure of claim 28 , wherein the polymer material comprises polyaniline (PANT) or polypyrrole (PPy) or poly(3 claim 28 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).30. The microstructure of claim 27 , wherein the second layer comprises a material that is reactive with a fuel or is a catalyst of a fuel.31. The microstructure of claim 30 , wherein the material that is reactive with a fuel or is a catalyst of a fuel comprises a conductive metal.32. The microstructure of claim 30 , wherein the material that is a catalyst of a fuel comprises platinum.33. The microstructure of claim 27 , wherein the template comprises cyclopore polycarbonated membrane.34. The microstructure of claim 33 , wherein the cyclopore polycarbonated membrane comprises an asymmetrical claim 33 , conically-shaped pore structure.35. The microstructure of claim 34 , ...

CONTINUOUS HYDROGENATION OF LEVULINIC ACID

The invention relates to a continuous or repetitive batch process for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) or esters thereof to at least gamma valerolactone (GVL) in a reactor comprising a feed stream and an outlet stream, in the presence of a solid Ru catalyst, said process comprising (a) pretreating said solid Ru catalyst with a reductant; and (b) reacting levulinic acid with hydrogen and the pretreated solid Ru catalyst obtained in step (a) at a temperature and residence time suitable to form at least GVL, characterized in that the pretreatment is in the presence of a first solvent which comprises water. This process is stable and little or no Ru will leak form the support. 1. Continuous or repetitive batch process for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) or esters thereof to at least gamma valerolactone (GVL) in a reactor comprising a feed stream and an outlet stream , in the presence of a solid Ru catalyst , said process comprising(a) pretreating said solid Ru catalyst with a reductant; and(b) reacting levulinic acid with hydrogen and the pretreated solid Ru catalyst obtained in step (a) at a temperature and residence time suitable to form at least GVL,characterized in that the pretreatment is done in the presence of a first solvent which comprises water.2. Process according to wherein the pretreatment is done at a temperature of 350° C. or less.3. Process according to wherein the reductant is hydrogen.4. Process according to wherein the temperature in step (a) is between 80° C. and 350° C. claim 1 , preferably the temperature is the same as in step (b).5. Process according to wherein step (a) and step (b) are carried out in the same reactor.6. Process according to wherein the first solvent is essentially free of GVL.7. Process according to wherein the hydrogenation reaction is done in the presence of a second solvent.8. Process according to wherein the feed stream comprises LA and optionally (at least part of) said second solvent.9. Process according ...

Production of Xylenes from Syngas

This disclosure relates to the production of xylenes from syngas, in which the syngas is converted to an aromatic product by reaction with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and an aromatization catalyst. The Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and aromatization catalyst may be different catalysts or combined into a single catalyst. The aromatic product is then subjected to selective alkylation with methanol and/or carbon monoxide and hydrogen to increase its p-xylene content. 1. A catalyst system for the production of para-xylene comprising:(a) a first catalyst comprising 1 to 50 wt. % Fe, and(b) a second catalyst comprising at least one medium pore size molecular sieve and at least one metal or compound thereof, wherein the metal is selected from Groups 10-14 of the Periodic Table,wherein the first and second catalysts are located within the same reactor bed, andwherein the second catalyst is selectivated by contacting the second catalyst with steam at a temperature of at least 950° C. for about 10 minutes to 10 hours.2. The catalyst system of wherein the first and second catalysts are physically mixed in the same reactor bed.3. The catalyst system of wherein the first and second catalysts are combined into a single multi-functional catalyst.4. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst comprises at least one support selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide claim 1 , manganese oxide claim 1 , alumina claim 1 , silica claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the second catalyst comprises at least one metal or compound thereof claim 1 , wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of Ga claim 1 , In claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Re claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , W claim 1 , La claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , and Pd.6. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the metal of the second catalyst is present in an amount of about 0.1 to 10 wt %.7. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the ...

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS

Heterogeneous catalysts with optional dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C hydrocarbons. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed. 1. A catalyst comprising a mixed oxide base material , the mixed oxide comprising erbium (Er) and at least one further lanthanide element.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the mixed oxide comprises a physical blend of Er claim 1 , or an oxidized form thereof claim 1 , and the further lanthanide element claim 1 , or an oxidized form thereof.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the mixed oxide has the following formula (I):{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y', 'z, 'LnErO\u2003\u2003 (I)'} Ln is the lanthanide element;', 'Er is erbium;', 'O is oxygen; and', 'x, y and z are each independently numbers greater than 0., 'wherein4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein x claim 3 , y and z are selected such that the overall charge of the catalyst is about 0.5. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein x claim 3 , y and z are selected such that z is from 150% to 200% of the sum of x and y.6. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the mixed oxide is LnErOor LnErO.727-. (canceled)28. A bulk catalyst comprising a base material comprising an oxide of one or more lanthanide elements and a dopant combination selected from Sr/Ce claim 3 , Sr/Tb claim 3 , Sr/B and Sr/Hf/K.29. The catalyst of claim 28 , wherein the oxide has the following formula (III):{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'c, 'Ln1Ln2Ln3Ln4Ln5O\u2003\u2003 (III)'} Ln1, Ln2, Ln3, Ln4 and Ln5 are independently different lanthanide elements;', 'O is oxygen; and', 'a and c are each independently numbers greater than 0; and', 'b, d, e, and f are independently 0 or a number greater than 0., 'wherein30. The catalyst of claim 28 , wherein the dopant combination consists essentially of Sr/Ce claim 28 , Sr/Tb claim 28 , Sr/B or Sr/Hf/K.31. The catalyst of claim 28 , wherein the dopant ...

Post impregnation heat treatment for silver-based epoxidation catalysts

The present disclosure is directed to the preparation of silver-based HSCs. During preparation of the catalyst a selected carrier is co-impregnated with a solution containing a catalytically effective amount of silver and a promoting amount of rhenium and other promoters. After co-impregnation, the carrier is subjected to a separate heat treatment prior to calcination. Such heat treatment is conducted for between about 1 minute and about 120 minutes at temperatures between about 40° C. and about 300° C. Catalysts prepared by the present methodology evidence improved selectivity, activity and/or stability resulting in an increase in the useful life of the catalyst.

Catalyst and method for fractionating lignocellulosic material

Various embodiments disclosed relate to solid catalysts that convert lignocellulosic material to monomer sugars that are suitable for fermentation. The solid catalysts include a transition metal complex attached to a magnetic bead, and can be physically separated from a fermentation mixture and reused several times.

Exhaust gas purification device for internal combustion engine

An exhaust gas purification device is equipped with: an NOx purification unit disposed in exhaust gas piping of an engine supporting an NOx storage catalyst (NSC); a catalyzed soot filter (CSF) disposed downstream of the NOx purification unit supporting a particulate combustion catalyst causing captured particulates to combust; and an electronic control unit (ECU) which controls exhaust gas flowing into the NSC to be rich and which, by raising the temperature of the NSC, acts as a regeneration device that causes sulfur components captured in the NSC to be desorbed. The particulate combustion catalyst is provided where Ag and Pd have been alloyed on an Al 2 O 3 carrier; the quantity of Ag supported by the Al 2 O 3 carrier is 1.2-2.5 g/L; the quantity of Pd supported by the Al 2 O 3 carrier is 0.7 g/L or less; and the ratio Ag/Pd of the Ag support quantity to the Pd support quantity is 1.7-8.3.

EXHAUST SYSTEM FOR A COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE COMPRISING A WATER ADSORBENT MATERIAL

An exhaust system for a compression ignition engine comprising: a water adsorbent material; and a catalyst composition for treating an exhaust gas pollutant produced by the compression ignition engine; wherein the water adsorbent material is: (i) arranged to contact exhaust gas from the compression ignition engine before the catalyst composition; and (ii) in thermal communication with the catalyst composition. 120-. (canceled)21. A diesel engine exhaust system comprising an oxidation catalyst , wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises:a water adsorbent material;a catalyst composition for treating an exhaust gas pollutant produced by the diesel engine, wherein the catalyst composition comprises a platinum group metal (PGM) and a support material, wherein the platinum group metal (PGM) comprises platinum; anda substrate;wherein the catalyst composition and the water adsorbent material is each disposed on the substrate, wherein a first washcoat layer comprising the water adsorbent material is disposed on a second washcoat layer comprising the catalyst composition such that the water adsorbent material is arranged to contact exhaust gas from the diesel engine before the catalyst composition.22. A diesel engine exhaust system according to claim 21 , wherein the water adsorbent material comprises a zeolite.23. A diesel engine exhaust system according to claim 22 , wherein the zeolite has a silica to alumina ratio (SAR) of 100:1 to 8:1.24. A diesel engine exhaust system according to claim 22 , wherein the zeolite has a pore size of from 3 Å to 15 Å.25. A diesel engine exhaust system according to claim 22 , wherein the zeolite is be selected from the group consisting of faujasite claim 22 , clinoptilolite claim 22 , mordenite claim 22 , silicalite claim 22 , ferrierite claim 22 , zeolite X claim 22 , zeolite Y claim 22 , ultrastable zeolite Y claim 22 , beta zeolite claim 22 , AEI zeolite claim 22 , ZSM-5 zeolite claim 22 , ZSM-12 zeolite claim 22 , ZSM-20 zeolite claim 22 ...

MULTICOMPONENT PLASMONIC PHOTOCATALYSTS CONSISTING OF A PLASMONIC ANTENNA AND A REACTIVE CATALYTIC SURFACE: THE ANTENNA-REACTOR EFFECT

A multicomponent photocatalyst includes a reactive component optically, electronically, or thermally coupled to a plasmonic material. A method of performing a catalytic reaction includes loading a multicomponent photocatalyst including a reactive component optically, electronically, or thermally coupled to a plasmonic material into a reaction chamber; introducing molecular reactants into the reaction chamber; and illuminating the reaction chamber with a light source. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. A multicomponent photocatalyst comprising:a reactive component optically, electronically, or thermally coupled to a plasmonic material, wherein the reactive component is alloyed at the surface of the plasmonic material.23. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material is selected from gold (Au) claim 22 , silver (Ag) claim 22 , copper (Cu) claim 22 , aluminum (Al) claim 22 , alloys thereof claim 22 , TiN claim 22 , or doped semiconductors.24. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material is a 2-dimensional material.25. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein a molar ratio of the plasmonic material to the reactive component may be between 1000:1 to 10:1.26. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material has a plasmon resonance at a wavelength between 180 nm and 10 microns.27. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material has a plasmon resonance at a wavelength between about 380 nm-760 nm of the electromagnetic spectrum.28. The multicomponent photocatalyst of claim 22 , wherein the plasmonic material has at least one dimension with a size between about 1 nm and 300 nm.29. The ...

INTEGRATED CATALYST SYSTEM FOR STOICHIOMETRIC-BURN NATURAL GAS VEHICLES AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR

Disclosed in the present invention is an integrated catalyst system for stoichiometric-burn natural gas vehicles, the catalyst system consisting of a three-way catalyst, a molecular sieve catalyst, and a base body, the three-way catalyst and the molecular sieve catalyst being coated on a surface of the base body. In the integrated three-way catalyst and molecular sieve catalyst system of the present invention, at the same time that pollutants such as CO, HC, and NOin the exhaust of stoichiometric-burn natural gas vehicles are processed, the produced byproduct NHcan also be processed, and the conversion rates of CO, HC, NO, and NHare high. 1. An integrated catalyst system for a stoichiometric-burn natural gas vehicle , characterized in that , the catalyst system consists of a three way catalyst , a molecular sieve catalyst and a base body , wherein the three way catalyst and the molecular sieve catalyst are coated on a surface of the base body , whereinthe three way catalyst and the molecular sieve catalyst are combined in the following way:the molecular sieve catalyst is uniformly added into a coating layer of the three way catalyst; orthe molecular sieve catalyst is coated on a surface of the three way catalyst; orthe molecular sieve catalyst is coated between two layers of the three way catalyst; orthe three way catalyst and the molecular sieve catalyst are coated in segments, wherein the three way catalyst is coated on a former segment of the base body, and the molecular sieve catalyst is coated on a latter segment of the base body.2. The integrated catalyst system according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , a combined loading amount of the three way catalyst and the molecular sieve catalyst is 150 g/L-300 g/L claim 1 , whereina loading amount ratio of the three way catalyst to the molecular sieve catalyst is (1:3)-(3:1).3. The integrated catalyst system according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , for the three way catalyst claim 1 , a ...

Processes for the manufacturing of oxidation catalysts

Disclosed are catalysts comprised of platinum and gold. The catalysts are generally useful for the selective oxidation of compositions comprised of a primary alcohol group and at least one secondary alcohol group wherein at least the primary alcohol group is converted to a carboxyl group. More particularly, the catalysts are supported catalysts including particles comprising gold and particles comprising platinum, wherein the molar ratio of platinum to gold is in the range of about 100:1 to about 1:4, the platinum is essentially present as Pt(0) and the platinum-containing particles are of a size in the range of about 2 to about 50 nm. Also disclosed are methods for the oxidative chemocatalytic conversion of carbohydrates to carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof. Additionally, methods are disclosed for the selective oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid or derivatives thereof using catalysts comprising platinum and gold. Further, methods are disclosed for the production of such catalysts. 126-. (canceled)27. A process for manufacturing an oxidation catalyst comprising the steps of:a) mixing a support with an aqueous solution comprising at least one gold-containing compound to form a slurry,b) adding a base to the slurry to form an insoluble gold complex which deposits on the surface of the support thereby forming a gold-containing support,c) heating the gold-containing support,d) mixing the gold-containing support from step c) with an aqueous solution or a colloid comprising at least one platinum-containing compound to impregnate the gold-containing support with the platinum-containing compound,e) drying the resulting impregnated support from step d) at a temperature up to about 120° C., andf) reducing platinum on the dried impregnated support from step e) at a temperature in the range of from about 200° C. to about 600° C. to produce the oxidation catalyst, wherein the oxidation catalyst comprises particles comprising gold and particles comprising platinum on the ...

CORE-SHELL COBALT CATALYSTS FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS REACTION AND PREPARING METHOD THEREOF

The present invention relates to a core-shell cobalt catalyst used for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, it relates to a cobalt catalyst, which has a core-shell structure including a cobalt-supported and sintered alumina particle as a core and a zeolite powder coated on the surface of the alumina particle to a thickness of 50 μm or greater through mechanical alloying as a shell and is used to prepare hydrocarbons with high octane numbers through a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, and a method for preparing the same. 1. A core-shell cobalt catalyst for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction , which comprises a spherical , cobalt-supported and sintered alumina particle having a diameter of 1-5 mm as a core and a zeolite powder having a SiO/AlOmolar ratio of 5-40 coated on the surface of the core to a thickness of 50-300 μm through a mechanical alloying process as a shell.2. The core-shell cobalt catalyst for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction according to claim 1 , which has a bimodal porous structure with the core having mesopores with an average pore size of 10.5-21.1 nm and the shell having micropores with an average pore size of 0.6-0.82 nm.3. The core-shell cobalt catalyst for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction according to claim 1 , wherein the alumina particle constituting the core is an α- or γ-alumina particle.4. The core-shell cobalt catalyst for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction according to claim 1 , wherein the zeolite powder coated through the mechanical alloying process is ZSM-5 zeolite. This application claims, under 35 U.S.C. §119, the priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0107101, filed on Jul. 29, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.(a) Technical FieldThe present invention relates to a core-shell cobalt catalyst used for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction and a method for preparing ...

POLYMER CAPSULE HAVING LOADED THEREON TRANSITION METAL PARTICLES HAVING EXCELLENT WATER DISPERSIBILITY AND STABILITY, AND METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME

Provided are a polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles having excellent water dispersibility and stability, and a method for preparing the same. Specifically, the polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles according to the present invention includes a surface-modified polymer capsule surface-modified to thereby have a positive zeta potential in a dispersed state in water; and transition metal particles loaded on a surface of the surface-modified polymer capsule. In addition, a method for preparing a polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles according to the present invention includes a) preparing a polymer capsule; b) surface-modifying the polymer capsule to prepare a polymer capsule having a positive zeta potential in a dispersed state in water; and c) sequentially adding a water-soluble transition metal precursor and a reducing agent to a water dispersion of the surface-modified polymer capsule obtained in step b). 2. The polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles of claim 1 , wherein the surface-modified polymer capsule has a zeta potential of 60 to 90 mV.3. The polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles of claim 1 , wherein a sulfonium group is formed on the surface of the surface-modified polymer capsule.4. The polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal particles have an average diameter of 1.5 to 3.5 nm.5. The polymer capsule loaded with transition metal particles of claim 1 , wherein 0.1 to 12 parts by weight of a particulate transition metal is loaded based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer capsule.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the surface-modified polymer capsule has a zeta potential of 60 to 90 mV.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the water-soluble transition metal precursor is an alkali metal-transition metal halide.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the number of moles of the added water-soluble transition metal precursor is 1 ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FORMING CATALYTIC ASSEMBLIES, AND RELATED CATALYTIC ASSEMBLIES

A method of forming a catalytic assembly comprises forming a support structure comprising at least one surface comprising at least one catalyst material. At least one mounted nanocatalyst is formed on the at least one support structure, the at least one mounted nanocatalyst comprising a nanoparticle of the at least one catalyst material bound to a nanostructure. A catalytic assembly and system for producing a catalytic assembly are also described. 1. A method of forming a catalytic assembly comprising:forming a support structure comprising at least one surface comprising at least one catalyst material; andforming at least one mounted nanocatalyst on the at least one support structure, the at least one mounted nanocatalyst comprising a nanoparticle of the at least one catalyst material bound to a nanostructure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a support structure comprises forming nested structures each comprising at least one catalyst-containing surface comprising the at least one catalyst material.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming greater than or equal to two structures in a nested relationship.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming each of the nested structures to comprise a hollow and elongated structure.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming each of the nested structures to be substantially concentrically aligned relative to each other of the nested structures.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming at least one of the nested structures to exhibit at least one of a longitudinal axis offset from that of the support structure and a lateral axis offset from that of the support structure.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein forming nested structures comprises forming the support structure to comprise chambers substantially isolated from one another by the nested structures.8. The method of claim 2 ...

MONOLITH CATALYST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE REFORMING REACTION, PREPARATION METHOD FOR SAME, AND PREPARATION METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS GAS USING SAME

The present invention relates to a monolith catalyst for a carbon dioxide reforming reaction and to a preparation method for same, and more specifically the invention provides a preparation method for a monolith catalyst for a methane reforming reaction using carbon dioxide, the method comprising a step of mixing and impregnating a support in a metal precursor solution, coating a monolith substrate with the solution resulting from the mixing and impregnating, drying same and then calcining the monolith substrate coated with the solution resulting from the mixing and impregnating. 1. A monolith catalyst for a carbon dioxide reforming reaction comprising a support impregnating an active material represented by the following Formula 1 and a monolith substrate:{'br': None, 'i': a', 'b, '(X)-(Zr)/Z\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'where X is an active material of Co or Ni, Z is a support of SiOor AlO, a and b each represents parts per weight of X and Zr relative to component Z in order, and a is 5.0 to 30.0, and b is 1.0 to 30.0 relative to 100 parts by weight of the support (Z).'}2. The monolith catalyst for a carbon dioxide reforming reaction as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the shape of the monolith substrate is a honeycomb structure.3. A preparation method for a monolith catalyst for a carbon dioxide reforming reaction comprising a support impregnating an active material represented by the following Formula 1 and a monolith substrate claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:mixing and impregnating a metal precursor solution with a support Z of the following Formula 1 so as to meet the component ratio of the following Formula 1 (step 1);coating a monolith substrate with the mixed and impregnated solution in step 1 (step 2);drying the monolith substrate coated with the mixed and impregnated solution in step 2 (step 3); and {'br': None, 'i': a', 'b, '(X)-(Zr)/Z\u2003\u2003[Formula 1]'}, 'calcining the dried monolith substrate after being coated with ...

Structurally enhanced cracking catalysts

A cracking catalyst contains a substantially inert core and an active shell, the active shell containing a zeolite catalyst and a matrix. Methods of making and using the cracking catalyst are also described.

A PHOTOCATALYTIC CONCRETE PRODUCT AND A METHOD TO PRODUCE A PHOTOCATALYTIC CONCRETE PRODUCT

The present invention relates to a photocatalytic concrete product and a method to produce a photocatalytic concrete product. In first aspect the invention relates to method of producing photocatalytic concrete product, said concrete product being photocatalytic by containing nano sized photocatalytic particles embedded in an section including a first surface, said first surface forming an exterior surface when the photocatalytic concrete product is used as cover/lining. The method comprises: providing a not-yet-set concrete product having a first surface, applying a dispersion containing nano sized photocatalytic particles, such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles a solvent including a humectant onto said first surface of the not-yet-set concrete product. 141-. (canceled)42132. A method of producing photocatalytic concrete product () , said concrete product being photocatalytic by containing nano sized photocatalytic particles embedded in a section () including a first surface () , the method comprises:{'b': 1', '2, 'providing a not-yet-set concrete product () having a first surface ()'} nano sized photocatalytic particles, such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles', 'a solvent including a humectant selected from the group of glycol, such as glycerol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, hexasol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, isoprene glycol and/or selected from the group of polyethers, such as polyethyleneglycols, polypropyleneglycols, polyethyleneglycol methyl ethers, polypropyleneglycol methyl ethers and/or selected from the group of amines, such as ethanolamine, propanolamines, triethanolamine, polyether amines such as polyoxyethyleneamines, polyoxypropyleneamines, polyoxyethylene monoamines, polyoxypropylene monoamines, 'applying a dispersion containing'}{'b': '2', 'onto said first surface () of the not-yet-set concrete product.'}43. A method according to claim 42 ...