СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТА СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША

Изобретение относится к способу получения продукта синтеза Фишера-Тропша из газообразной смеси углеводородов, содержащей метан, этан и, необязательно, углеводороды с более высоким числом атомов углерода, в которой содержание метана составляет по меньшей мере 60 об.%, путем осуществления следующих стадий: (а) адиабатический предварительный риформинг углеводородной смеси в присутствии катализатора риформинга, содержащего оксидный материал носителя и металл, который выбирают из группы, состоящей из Pt, Ni, Ru, Ir, Pd и Со, с целью превращения этана и необязательных углеводородов с более высоким числом атомов углерода в метан, диоксид углерода и водород, (b) нагревание газообразной смеси, полученной на стадии (а), до температуры выше, чем 650°С, (с) осуществление некаталитического неполного окисления путем введения в контакт нагретой смеси со стадии (b) с источником кислорода в реакторной горелке, с образованием выходящего из реактора потока, имеющего температуру между 1100 и 1500°С, (d) осуществление ...

СПОСОБ ЧАСТИЧНОГО ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ НЕФТИ И БИТУМА

Изобретение относится к вариантам способа обогащения тяжелой нефти или битума с получением частично обогащенной синтетической неочищенной нефти, к способу синтеза частично обогащенной синтетической неочищенной нефти, к способу превращения тяжелой нефти или битума в транспортабельную частично обогащенную синтетическую неочищенную нефть и вариантам частично обогащенной синтетической неочищенной нефти. Один из вариантов способа обогащения тяжелой нефти или битума включает: (a) обеспечение источника тяжелой нефти или битума в качестве исходного сырья; (b) обработку исходного сырья в установке атмосферной дистилляции (ADU) с получением первой перегнанной фракции и, необязательно, обработку первой неперегнанной атмосферной остаточной фракции в вакуумно-дистилляционной установке (VDU) с получением второй перегнанной фракции и второй неперегнанной остаточной фракции; (c) необязательно, обработку первой неперегнанной остаточной фракции или второй неперегнанной остаточной фракции в установке деасфальтизации ...

СПСОБ УДАЛЕНИЯ СЕРЫ

Изобретение относится к химической промышленности. Газовую смесь для сепарации высокосернистых компонентов газа подвергают процессу разделения, при котором образуется высокосернистый газ, содержащий диоксид углерода и соединения серы. Высокосернистый газ для выделения элементарной серы подводят к установке Клауса. В качестве реакционного газа в установку Клауса подводят технически чистый кислород. Остаточный газ, выходящий из установки Клауса и содержащий диоксид углерода и компоненты серы, подвергают каталитическому дожиганию с технически чистым кислородом, а водяной пар извлекают с помощью конденсации. Остаточный газ, состоящий в основном из диоксида углерода, имеет чистоту, которая делает возможным непосредственное хранение или техническое использование. Изобретение позволяет использовать диоксид углерода, содержащийся в высокосернистом газе. 23 з.п. ф-лы.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

Изобретение относится к способу утилизации газов доменного процесса и производства кокса. Способ включает разделение коксового газа от коксования угля на водород и содержащий углеводороды поток остаточного газа. Отделенный от коксового газа водород вводят в богатый монооксидом углерода поток синтез-газа, который получают из колошникового газа доменного процесса. Содержащий углеводороды поток остаточного газа вводят в доменный процесс в качестве топлива. Использование изобретения обеспечивает сокращение эксплуатационных расходов на получение синтез-газа. 9 з.п. ф-лы.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АММИАКА И ПРЕДНАЗНАЧЕННОЕ ДЛЯ ЭТОГО УСТРОЙСТВО

... 1. Устройство для получения аммиака, содержащее ! газификационную печь для введения угля и воздуха, конструкция которой позволяет осуществлять частичное окисление для газификации угля; ! обессеривающий аппарат, конструкция которого позволяет осуществлять обессеривание газа, генерируемого в газификационной печи; ! реактор для проведения реакции сдвига, конструкция которого позволяет превращать оксид углерода, присутствующий в отходящем газе обессеривающего аппарата, в диоксид углерода; ! углекислотный скруббер, конструкция которого позволяет удалять диоксид углерода, присутствующий в отходящем газе реактора для проведения реакции сдвига; ! деазотирующий аппарат, выполненный с возможностью доводить мольное соотношение между азотом и водородом, присутствующим в газе, до примерно 1:3 путем удаления азота, присутствующего в отходящем газе углекислотного скруббера; и ! генератор аммиака, в котором получают аммиак в результате реакции между азотом и водородом, содержащимися в отходящем газе деазотирующего ...

УСТАНОВКА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА ИЗ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА

... 1. Установка для одновременного получения из природного газа метанольного синтез-газа, аммиачного синтез-газа, монооксида углерода и диоксида углерода, отличающаяся тем, что отдельная производственная линия, состоящая из последовательно соединенных друг с другом узлов, включает: первый реактор А, в котором при подаче кислорода осуществляют превращение природного газа в синтез-газовую смесь, состоящую из монооксида углерода, диоксида углерода, водорода и воды; второй реактор В, в котором осуществляют регулируемое превращение монооксида углерода в диоксид углерода; абсорбер D, который служит для поглощения диоксида углерода и получения смеси монооксида с водородом, используемой для синтеза метанола; холодильный сепаратор Е, в котором при подаче жидкого азота получают аммиачный синтез-газ и одновременно выделяют монооксид углерода, аргон и метан. 2. Установка по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что предусмотрен компрессор С, посредством которого могут быть сжаты образующиеся в реакторах А и В газы.

СИСТЕМЫ И СПОСОБЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ОСТАТОЧНОГО ГАЗА СИНТЕЗА ФИШЕРА-ТРОПША В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОГО ЖИДКОГО ТОПЛИВА ИЗ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА

Изобретение относится к вариантам системы переработки остаточного газа синтеза Фишера-Тропша. Один из вариантов включает: реактор синтеза Фишера-Тропша, обеспечивающий наличие источника остаточного газа; первый подогреватель для предварительного нагрева остаточного газа; аппарат гидрирования для гидрирования предварительно нагретого остаточного газа; дросселирующее устройство для понижения давления предварительно нагретого и прогидрированного остаточного газа; второй подогреватель для предварительного нагрева предварительно нагретого, прогидрированного и дросселированного остаточного газа с получением исходного газа, состоящего из остаточного газа и пара; и реактор каталитического риформинга для осуществления риформинга исходного газа в присутствии катализатора. Причем первый подогреватель предварительно нагревает остаточный газ до температуры в интервале приблизительно от 200 до 300°C, дросселирующее устройство понижает давление предварительно нагретого и прогидрированного остаточного ...

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ В ТОПЛИВО

... 1. Система переработки твердого топлива в топливо, содержащая: ! пиролитическую установку для получения пирогаза, содержащего углеводороды; ! установку для получения синтез-газа, в которой пирогаз преобразуется в синтез-газ, содержащий смесь водорода и окиси углерода; и ! установку для переработки газа в жидкость, в которой синтез-газ преобразуется в топливо. ! 2. Система по п.1, в которой пиролитической установкой является пиролитическая установка непрерывного действия. ! 3. Система по п.1, в которой установкой для получения синтез-газа является установка для парового реформинга. ! 4. Система по п.1, в которой установкой для переработки газа в жидкость является система Фишера-Тропша. ! 5. Система по п.1, в которую дополнительно входит установка для очистки пирогаза с целью удаления загрязняющих веществ из пирогаза. ! 6. Система по п.1, в которой установкой для очистки пирогаза является установка для удаления двуокиси углерода. ! 7. Система по п.1, в которой установкой для очистки пирогаза ...

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ПРОДУКТОВ ИЗ ОТХОДЯЩИХ ГАЗОВ НЕФТЕПЕРЕРАБОТКИ

... 1. Способ переработки исходной смеси, состоящей преимущественно из азота (N2), моноксида углерода (СО) и водорода (H2) и содержащей другие компоненты воздуха, такие, например, как аргон (Аr), а также диоксид углерода (СО2), водяной пар и соединения серы, отличающийся тем, что из исходной смеси путем очистки и газоразделения получают Н2 в качестве продукта и/или СО в качестве продукта, а также по меньшей мере еще один продукт (дополнительный продукт), представляющий собой компонент воздуха. ! 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что последовательно выполняют сжатие, промывку кислого газа, осушку газа, а также криогенное газоразделение. ! 3. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере часть исходной смеси для повышения соотношения Н2/СО подвергают реакции конверсии водяного газа, которая представляет собой высокотемпературную реакцию конверсии, и/или среднетемпературную реакцию конверсии, и/или низкотемпературную реакцию конверсии, и/или изотермическую реакцию конверсии. ! 4 ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СЫРЬЕВОГО СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

... 1. Способ получения газа, содержащего водород (H) и моноксид углерода (СО) в качестве сырья для химической утилизации в процессах синтеза, на основе отгружаемого газа с металлургического процесса, причем отгружаемый газ получен из колошникового газа доменной печи или восстановительной шахты, или из отходящего газа реактора с кипящим слоем, или из избыточного газа плавильного газификатора, или из смесей этих газов, причем по меньшей мере часть отгружаемого газа подвергается в конвертере конверсии СО при добавке водяного пара из парогенератора, и образуется сырьевой синтез-газ с определенным количественным отношением Нк СО, отличающийся тем, что на количественное отношение Нк СО в отгружаемом газе воздействуют еще до конверсии СО добавлением воды и/или водяного пара в металлургическом процессе и тем самым подгоняют к последующему процессу синтеза, причем следующая часть отгружаемого газа перед его сжиганием в парогенераторе временно хранится в резервуаре для газа в целях компенсации колебаний ...

СПОСОБЫ И СИСТЕМЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗА ПРЯМОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ И ГАЗООБРАЗНОГО ТОПЛИВА ДЛЯ СТАЛЕЛИТЕЙНОГО ЗАВОДА

УСОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАННОЕ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЕ ВОДОРОДА

СПОСОБ ПАРАЛЛЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

... 1. Способ параллельного получения водорода и одного или нескольких углеродсодержащих продуктов, в соответствии с которым углеводороды вводят в реакционный объем и в присутствии обогащенного углеродом гранулята термически деструктируют на углерод и водород, отличающийся тем, что по меньшей мере часть необходимой для деструкции углеводородов тепловой энергии предоставляют посредством одного или нескольких газообразных теплоносителей, причем тепловую энергию производят вне реакционного объема, а затем нагретый газообразный теплоноситель вводят в реакционную зону, причем:(i) газообразный теплоноситель инертен в условиях реакции деструкции углеводородов и/или является продуктом этой реакции и в реакционном объеме отдает свое тепло реагенту или реагентам, или(ii) газообразный теплоноситель не вступает в контакт с углеводородным потоком, необходимую для газообразного теплоносителя тепловую энергию производят путем окисления или частичного окисления топлива и образующийся горячий газ обладает температурой ...

Способ получения газов

Behandlung von Synthesegas

VERFAHREN ZUR ENTFERNUNG VON HCN AUS GASGEMISCHEN UND KATALYSATOR ZUR ZERSETZUNG VON HCN

VERFAHREN ZUR ENTFERNUNG VON METALLCARBONYLEN AUS GASFOERMIGEN STROEMEN.

Apparatus for cleaning gas streams containing exothermically convertible gas components, comprises a reactor vessel through which the gas passes and containing units for exothermically converting the gas components

Apparatus for cleaning gas streams containing exothermically convertible gas components comprises a reactor vessel (2) through which the gas passes and containing units for exothermically converting the gas components.

Reforming device used for producing a hydrogen-rich gas from a mixture containing hydrocarbons comprises a high temperature shift reaction unit, a low temperature shift reaction unit and a heat exchanger contained in a converter

Reforming device (1) comprises: (i) a unit (2) for carrying out a reforming reaction through which a CO (carbon monoxide)-containing reformate gas is obtained; (ii) a high temperature shift reaction unit (41) for converting CO contained in the reformate gas; (iii) a heat exchanger (43); and (iv) a low temperature shift reaction unit (42) for further converting the CO and producing hydrogen. The shift reaction units and the heat exchanger are connected to the reforming unit and are contained in a converter (4). Preferred Features: The converter is coupled to the educt gas feed of the reforming unit. The converter has an integrated heat transfer in the form of a vaporizer and/or a superheater. The reforming unit has an educt gas feed and a product gas removal unit coupled so that the educt gases are heated by the product gases.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON WASSERSTOFF- UND BZW. ODER KOHLENOXIDHALTIGEN GASEN

Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Synthesegas

Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Synthesegas (5) beim dem ein kohlenwasserstoffhaltiges Koksgas (2) und ein kohlendioxidhaltiges Konvertergas (4) in eine erste Reaktionszone (Z1) eingeleitet werden und Wasserstoff, enthalten im kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Koksgas (2), zumindest teilweise mit Kohlendioxid zu Wasser und das Wasser mit dem Kohlenwasserstoff thermisch zu Synthesegas, welches Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff enthält, umgesetzt werden. Sowie dass in einer zweiten Reaktionszone (Z2) ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas (3) eingeleitet wird und mit diesem und einem Teil des Wasserstoff aus der ersten Reaktionszone (Z1) thermische Energie erzeugt wird, wobei, die die in der zweiten Reaktionszone (Z2) erzeugte thermische Energie der ersten Reaktionszone (Z1) zugeführt wird.

System und Verfahren zur CO2 - Erfassung mittels eines H2- Separators, der Wärmeentschwefelungstechnologie verwendet.

Verfahren und System zum Auffangen und Isolieren von Kohlendioxid- und Wasserstoffgasen aus einem Hochtemperatursynthesegasstrom, der eine wesentliche Menge von CO und Schwefelverbindungen enthält, für den Einsatz als "sauberen" Zusatzbrennstoff, mit den Schritten: Verringern der Temperatur des Hochtemperatursynthesegasstroms, Beseitigen im Wesentlichen der gesamten in dem Synthesegas vorhandenen Schwefelverbindungen, Umwandeln eines ersten Quantums von CO in Kohlendioxid in einer ersten Hochtemperatur-Wassergas-Shiftreaktion, Umwandeln eines zweiten Quantums von CO in Kohlendioxid mittels einer zweiten Niedertemperatur-Wassergas-Shiftreaktion, Umwandeln eines dritten Quantums von CO in Kohlendioxid mittels einer dritten Niedertemperatur-Wassergas-Shiftreaktion, und anschließend Abscheiden im Wesentlichen sämtlichen Wasserstoffs, der in dem aufbereiteten Synthesegasstrom vorhanden ist.

Process for the separate removal of sulphur compounds and CO2 from gas

The present invention relates to a process for the separate removal of sulphur compounds and CO2 from gases, the sulphur content of the gas present as hydrogen sulphide being removed catalytically to via doped activated charcoal and carbon dioxide being removed by gas scrubbing from the gas after the sulphur purification to a residual content of < 10% by weight, preferably > 0 to < 5% by weight.

Metal membrane for removing hydrogen from gas mixtures contains metal membrane formed on supporting surface of porous membrane carrier

Metal membrane contains a metal membrane formed on a supporting surface of a porous membrane carrier. The pores of the membrane carrier are closed in the region of the supporting surface using an auxiliary material before applying the metal membrane and opened after applying the metal membrane by removing the auxiliary material. An independent claim is also included for a process for the production of the metal membrane comprising filling the pores of the membrane carrier using the auxiliary material, polishing and purifying the supporting surface, applying the membrane on the supporting surface, and removing the auxiliary material from the pores of the carrier.

Process for increasing hydrogen content of synthesis gas

A process for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas containing one or more sulphur compounds is described, comprising the steps of (i) heating the synthesis gas and (ii) passing at least part of the heated synthesis gas and steam through a reactor containing a sour shift catalyst, wherein the synthesis gas is heated by passing it through a plurality of tubes disposed within said catalyst in a direction co-current to the flow of said synthesis gas through the catalyst. The resulting synthesis gas may be passed to one or more additional reactors containing sour shift catalyst to maximise the yield of hydrogen production, or used for methanol production, for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons or for the production of synthetic natural gas.

SELECTIVE ADSORPTION GAS SEPARATION PROCESS

... 1380580 Adiabatic pressure swing adsorption UNION CARBIDE CORP 29 Oct 1971 [4 Jan 1971] 50317/71 Heading B1L In an adiabatic pressure swing adsorption process for the separation of gas mixtures involving at least two adsorption beds or zones the bed or zone is restored to normal feed adsorption pressure by a double-ended repressurisation stage of feed gas at the inlet end and one component depleted gas at the discharge end.

PRODUCTION OF REDUCING GAS MIXTURE

... 1409277 Production of reducing gas TEXACO DEVELOPMENT CORP 6 Oct 1972 [23 Dec 1971] 46174/72 Heading C5E A reducing gas mixture principally comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen and containing a minor amount of particulate carbon is produced by (1) reacting a hydrocarbon fuel with an oxygen-containing gas by partial oxidation, in a free-flow reaction zone of a reducing gas generator at an autogenous temperature of 1500‹ to 3500‹ F. and a pressure of 1 to 350 atmospheres; (2) mixing, in a separate mixing zone, e.g. a separate vessel containing no obstruction to the free flow of the gas stream, effluent reducing gas leaving the free-flow reaction zone with an upgraded gas mixture recovered subsequently in the process to produce an improved reducing gas mixture containing less water vapour and particulate carbon than the effluent reducing gas; (3) introducing a portion of the improved reducing gas mixture into a gas-cooling and scrubbing zone located downstream from the mixing zone; and ...

Process for the preparation of a hydrogen-containing gas mixture

A high temperature gas made by a partial combustion process with steam at 1 is brought to a lower temperature and pressure by passage through at least one gas turbine 22, subjected to a catalytic shift conversion at 24, and is brought to a high pressure, e.g. 150 to 300 atmos. in one or more compressors 29 driven by the turbines. The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is adapted for making synthesis gas using heavy oils as feedstock, and includes soot and sulphur removal plant 9, 13, and CO2 removal plant 26. The cooled, purified gas at 15 is reheated to 800 DEG C. in a combustion chamber 17 where light hydrocarbon or purified gas delivered at 19 is completely burnt. Catalytic afterburners supplied with light hydrocarbon, air, oxygen and steam may be inserted in the line 21, see Fig. 2 (not shown), to suppress CH4 and carbon in the final gas. In the modification of Fig. 3 (not shown), intended for a light distillate feedstock, the parts 9, 13 are omitted, and catalytic afterburners ...

Method for purifying high-temperature reducing gas

In a method of removing sulphur compounds from a reducing gas by use of at least three absorbent beds of e.g. metal oxide the following steps occur:-… reduction of the absorbent material with the reducing gas, regeneration of used absorbent material by oxidation to produce SO2, production of SO2 from SO3 produced in the method, and reduction of SO2 to elemental sulphur by contact with used absorbent material.

Methanol steam reforming catalysts, steam reformers, and fuel cell systems incorporating the same

Energy conversion process for sequestration of carbon dioxide

An energy conversion process that also exports by-product CO2 at elevated pressure where a fuel gas feed stream is mixed with a reactant stream and additional CO2 is added to at least part of, the fuel gas feed stream, the reactant stream or both through desorption by contacting with a CO2-rich solvent stream in a first stage contactor to produce a mixed feed gas stream and a CO2-lean solvent stream; passing said mixed feed gas stream to a chemical conversion step, where further CO2 is produced; chilling at least part of the products of said chemical conversion step, at a pressure of at least 10 bar to condense and partially remove CO2 as a liquid and thereby produce a CO2-lean gas stream; and passing at least part of said CO2-lean gas stream said to a second stage contactor where further CO2 is removed, by absorption in a solvent stream lean in CO2 derived from said CO2-lean solvent stream, to produce a product gas stream and a solvent stream rich in CO2 from which said CO2-rich solvent ...

An improved process for purifying hydrogen and gases containing hydrogen

... 276,687. Gewerkschaft der Steinkohlenzeche Mont-Cenis. Aug. 30, 1926, [Convention date]. Methane and its homologues are obtained as by-products in a process in which hydrogen, or a mixture of gases containing hydrogen, for use in catalytic processes is freed from organic compounds of sulphur, phosphorus, and arsenic by passage at an elevated temperature and pressure over a catalyst comprising one or more metals, other than copper, having an atomic weight between 51 and 65, or one or more oxides of such metals; the catalyst is preferably precipitated on a carrier and may contain also an oxide or other compound of an alkali, alkaline earth, or earth metal. The treatment may be performed at a temperature of 200-500‹ C. under a pressure of 100 atmospheres with the use of a catalyst containing nickel and aluminium oxide. The treatment converts the impurities mentioned into methane or its homologues and readily absorbable inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulphide. Such inorganic compounds ...

Purification of gases

A process for removing concentrations of less than 50% of zeolite absorbable impurities from a gas stream wherein at least two beds of zeolite are provided together with an arrangement to permit the following operations to take place; passing the impurities containing gas stream through a first bed and removing from it essentially pure feed gas; simultaneously the second selective absorbent bed is depressurized thereby removing the entrapped product gas together with the deposited impurities as a desorbate gas stream; part of this desorbate gas stream is recycled with incoming fresh gas containing low concentrations of the impurities thereby forming fresh feed stream to the first selective absorbent bed; the flows between the absorbent beds are switched periodically so that the second selective bed which had been used on regeneration cycle duty now becomes the adsorption bed and vice-versa. The zeolite beds may have incorporated in them heat-exchangers through which a hot fluid may be passed ...

Process

PROCESS FOR REMOVING HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM A GASEOUS MIXTURE AND PRODUCING SULFUR THEREFROM

HYDROGEN MANUFACTURE

... 1,272,369. High pressure hydrogen. CHEVRON RESEARCH CO. 1 April, 1970 [1 April, 1969], No. 15490/70. Heading C1A. High pressure hydrogen is produced by reacting a hydrocarbon with steam to produce H 2 and CO 2 , centrifugally compressing at least a portion of the H 2 and CO 2 , the compressor being driven by a gas turbine using as motive power incompletely combusted air and supplying heat for the reaction of the hydrocarbon and steam by burning fuel with the incompletely combusted exhaust air from the gas turbine. Preferably, none of the CO 2 is separated from the H 2 before the centrifugal compression.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDROCARBONS

... 1523463 Hydrocarbon synthesis SHELL INTERNATIONALE RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ BV 23 Oct 1975 [25 Oct 1974] 43597/75 Heading C5E In a process for the preparation of normally liquid hydrocarbons, a hydrogen- and carbon monoxide-containing gas is prepared by the partial combustion of a carbonaceous material with oxygen which is at a temperature in the range 200‹ to 500‹ C., the partial combustion being carried out in the presence of 5-15% by volume of steam (based on oxygen) at a temperature in the range 900‹ to 1800‹ C., a pressure in the range 1 to 200 bar abs. and a residence time in the range 0À1 to 12 seconds, the resulting gas is contacted with steam in a plurality of stages, in which the temperature of the first stage is in the range 250‹ to 450‹ C. and the temperature in the last stage is in the range 200‹ to 400‹ C. to convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and hydrogen, the resulting gas is cooled at a pressure in the range 1 to 200 bar abs. to a temperature in the range -10‹ to ...

Production of synthesis gas

Production of synthesis gas

Production of synthesis gas.

Production of synthesis gas

CATALYTIC SULFUR RECUPERATION SYSTEM WITH SHORT RETENTION TIME FOR THE DISTANCE OF H2S FROM AN EXHAUST GAS STREAM

DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR THE DISTANCE OF SULFUR FROM HYDROCARBON FUEL

COMPACT FUEL PROCESSING CONVERTING TO THE PRODUCTION OF A HYDROGEN-RICH GAS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A CLEANED SYNTHESIS GAS STREAM

SEPARATION OF METHANE OF HYDROCARBONS WITH HIGHER CARBON NUMBER USING ZEOLITHI IMIDAZOLATGERÜSTMATERIALIEN

SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN OF HYDROCARBONS USING ZEOLITHI IMIDAZOLATGERÜSTMATERIALIEN

PROCEDURE FOR THE REDUCTION FROM FERRIC OXIDE TO METALLIC IRON OF MEANS OF FLUSSIGER OR SOLID FUELS

ADIABATIC PROCEDURE FOR ISOLATING GAS MIXTURES

SPOX SUPPORTED PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

PROCEDURE FOR THE DISTANCE OF HCN FROM GAS MIXTURES AND CATALYST FOR DECOMPOSITION OF HCN

PRODUCTION A HYDROGEN OF A CONTAINING GAS.

WATER TREATMENT PROCEDURE FOR THE USE IN OIL GASIFICATION

Procedure for the distance of carbon dioxide from gas mixtures

GETRÄGERTE METAL DIAPHRAGM, PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION AND USE

Integrated process for filtering constituents from a gas stream

The invention provides a process for producing a fermentable gas stream from a gas source that contains one or more constituent which may be harmful to the fermentation process. To produce the fermentable gas stream, the gas stream is passed through a specifically ordered series of removal modules. The removal modules remove and/or convert various constituents found in the gas stream which may have harmful effects on downstream removal modules and/or inhibitory effects on downstream gas fermenting microorganisms. At least a portion of the fermentable gas stream is preferably capable of being passed to a bioreactor, which contains gas fermenting microorganisms, without inhibiting the fermentation process.

Process and apparatus for production of hydrogen by gasification of combustible material and method for electric power generation using fuel cell and electric power generation system using fuel cell

STEAM REFORMING PROCESS AND APPARATUS

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

Process to prepare a hydrogen rich gas mixture

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a hydrogen rich gas mixture from a solid sulphur-and halogen-containing carbonaceous feedstock. The process involves the following steps. Step (a): gasification of the solid carbonaceous feedstock with an oxygen- containing gas to obtain a gas mixture comprising halogen compounds, sulphur compounds, hydrogen and at least 50vol.% carbon monoxide, on a dry basis. Step (b): contacting the gas mixture with a quench gas or quench liquid to reduce the temperature of the gas mixture to below 900°C. Step (c) contacting the gas mixture with water having a temperature of between 150 and 250°C to obtain a gas mixture comprising between 50 and 1000ppm halogen and having a steam to carbon monoxide molar ratio of between 0.2:1 and 0.9:1. Step (d): subjecting the gas mixture obtained in step (c) to a water gas shift reaction wherein part or all of the carbon monoxide is converted with the steam to hydrogen and carbon dioxide in the presence of a catalyst ...

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a feed synthesis gas stream comprising besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen also hydrogen sulphide, HCN and/or COS, the process comprising the steps of : (a) removing HCN and/or COS by contacting the feed synthesis gas stream with a catalyst in a HCN/COS reactor in the presence of steam/water, to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS; (b) converting hydrogen sulphide in the synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS to elemental sulphur, by contacting the synthesis gas stream with an aqueous reactant solution containing solubilized Fe(III) chelate of an organic acid, at a temperature below the melting point of sulphur, and at a sufficient solution to gas ratio and conditions effective to convert HS to sulphur and inhibit sulphur deposition, to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide; (c) removing carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen ...

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a feed synthesis gas stream comprising besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen also hydrogen sulphide,HCN and/or COS, the process comprising the steps of: (a) removing HCN and/or COS by contacting the feed synthesis gas stream with a water gas shift catalyst in a shift reactor in the presence of steam/waterto react at least part of the carbon monoxide tocarbon dioxide, and to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS; (b) removing hydrogen sulphide in the synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS by contacting this gas stream in a HS-removal zone with an aqueous alkaline washing liquid to obtain a HS-depleted synthesis gas stream and a sulphide-comprising aqueous stream; (c) contacting the sulphide-comprising aqueous stream with ulphide-oxidizing bacteria in the presence of oxygen in a bioreactor to obtain a sulphur slurry and a regenerated aqueous alkaline washing liquid; (d) removing ...

Syngas production method

The invention relates to a method for producing a syngas containing H and CO. In said method, coke oven gas from a coke oven process is separated into hydrogen and a residual gas stream containing hydrocarbons, and the hydrogen separated from the coke oven gas is fed to a CO-rich syngas stream obtained from the top gas of a blast furnace process. The residual gas stream containing the hydrocarbons is recirculated into the blast furnace process as feedstock.

System for gas purification and recovery with multiple solvents

SYSTEM FOR GAS PURIFICATION AND RECOVERY WITH MULTIPLE SOLVENTS [0078] In one embodiment, a gas purification system is provided. The system includes a first solvent section having a first carbon dioxide (C0 2) absorber, a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) absorber, and a first solvent path that routes a first solvent through the first CO 2 absorber and the H2S absorber. The gas purification system also includes a second solvent section having a second carbon dioxide (C0 2) absorber and a second solvent path that flows a second solvent through the second CO 2 absorber. The gas purification system has a gas path though the first and second solvent sections, wherein the first and second solvent paths are separate from one another, and the first and second solvents are different from one another. + 1/6 -0 co CNJ 4I < C14 CD X 0~ C* L CVC\J F- z Cl) * Cr 0 * 0 o z 0 ~U) *~ *0 LLJ U) >* w 0~ DLI *L c U) < z 00 LL < LL ...

Process for converting biogas to a gas rich in methane

Process for converting biogas to a gas rich in methane comprising the steps of : - mixing a carbon dioxide-comprising biogas with steam to form a mixture comprising carbon dioxide, methane and steam; electrolysing the mixture comprising carbon dioxide, methane and steam in a high temperature solid oxide electrolyser cell unit, to obtain a gas comprising mainly hydrogen and carbon monoxide; catalytically converting hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide to methane in one or more methanation steps to obtain a gas rich in methane.

Maintaining low carbon monoxide levels in product carbon dioxide

A process for maintaining a low carbon monoxide content in a carbon dioxide product that is made in a synthesis gas purification process is disclosed. More particularly, the invention involves an improved process in which a portion of a loaded solvent is sent through a carbon dioxide absorber instead of to a series of carbon dioxide flash drums.

SEPARATING CARBON BLACK FROM WATER

Method and Apparatus for Separating Acidic Gases from Syngas

Abstract A method and an apparatus for separating acidic gases from syngas are capable of reducing the necessary power and 5 are capable of obtaining high-purity CO2 at a high recovery ratio. A purification method and a purification system of coal gasification gas using the method and the apparatus are also provided. A apparatus for separating acidic gases from syngas containing acidic gases of CO2 and H2 S, in order, 10 converts CO in the syngas into CO2 , removes H2 S contained in the syngas by using a solvent for physical absorption, and removes CO 2 from the syngas by using a solvent for chemical absorption. z wU '-F z L1) Co 0 o C-4 u I, E-0 -m < < C)4 Un cv 0-44 '-44O C) Ln UU-) <- (3 d 0 ' ...

CO shift reaction apparatus and CO shift reaction method

Provided are: a CO shift reaction apparatus which suppresses decrease of the catalytic activity of a CO shift catalyst that contains molybdenum and prolongs the service life of the catalyst; and a CO shift reaction method which uses the CO shift reaction apparatus. A CO shift reaction apparatus for reforming carbon monoxide in a gas, which is characterized by being provided with at least: a reactor which is provided with at least a CO shift catalyst that contains molybdenum, a gas feed port for introducing the gas, a CO shift catalyst layer which is filled with the CO shift catalyst and through which the introduced gas passes, and a gas discharge port for discharging the gas that has passed through the CO shift catalyst layer; and a cooling means which cools the CO shift catalyst layer.

Simultaneous warm gas desulfurization and complete co-shift for improved syngas cleanup

The present invention involves both separated beds (or physical mixture) and a process for treating a fuel gas comprising sending the fuel gas to a separated bed (or physical mixture), in which the separated beds comprise a first bed of a sulfur sorbent and a second bed of a water gas shift catalyst (a physical mixture of a sulfur sorbent and a water gas shift catalyst). The process comprises first sending the fuel gas to the first bed to remove sulfur compounds from said fuel gas and then the fuel gas goes to the second bed to undergo a water gas shift reaction in which carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide and water is converted to hydrogen. (or sending the fuel gas simultaneously to the physical mixture to remove simultaneously the sulfur compounds and to react CO with water to CO2 and hydrogen).

Process for increasing hydrogen content of synthesis gas

A process is described for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas (110) containing one or more sulphur compounds, said synthesis gas comprising hydrogen, carbon oxides and steam, and having a ratio, R, defined as R = (H ...

Hydrogen utilization within a refinery network

Hydrogen can be recovered in a refinery network using a combination of a cycling adsorber unit and a membrane separation unit. A membrane separation unit can be used to generate at least a portion of the purge hydrogen stream for the cycling adsorber unit. This can reduce the portion of the hydrogen product stream from the cycling adsorber unit required for regeneration of the adsorbent.

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods

Reactors for conducting thermochemical processes with solar heat input, and associated systems and methods. A system in accordance with a particular embodiment include a reactor having a reaction zone, a reactant source coupled in fluid in communication with the reactant zone, and a solar concentrator having at least one concentrator surface positionable to direct solar energy to a focal area. The system can further include an actuator coupled to the solar concentrator to move the solar concentrator relative to the sun, and a controller operatively coupled to the actuator. The controller can be programmed with instructions that, when executed, direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to focus the solar energy on the reaction zone when the solar energy is above a threshold level, and direct the actuator to position the solar concentrator to point to a location in the sky having relatively little radiant energy to cool an object positioned at the focal area when the solar energy ...

Hydrogen recycle and acid gas removal using a membrane

Background of the invention

Fuel processor for producing a hydrogen rich gas

Reactor module for use in a compact fuel processor

Improved molten metal decomposition apparatus and process

THERMALLY PRIMED HYDROGEN-PRODUCING FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Thermally primed fuel processing assemblies and hydrogen-producing fuel cell systems that include the same. The thermally primed fuel processing assemblies include at least one hydrogen-producing region housed within an internal compartment of a heated containment structure. In some embodiments, the heated containment structure is an oven. In some embodiments, the compartment also contains a purification region and/or heating assembly. In some embodiments, the containment structure is adapted to heat and maintain the internal compartment at or above a threshold temperature, which may correspond to a suitable hydrogen-producing temperature. In some embodiments, the containment structure is adapted to maintain this temperature during periods in which the fuel cell system is not producing power and/or not producing power to satisfy an applied load to the system. In some embodiments, the fuel cell system is adapted to provide backup power to a power source, which may be adapted to power the ...

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

A method of producing Synthesis Gas is provided which includes combining the product of a coal gasification reaction with the product of a methane reforming reaction. The coal gasification and methane reforming reactions can take place either in the same vessel or in separate vessels.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SEPARATION/PURIFICATION OF FLUIDS UTILIZING RAPIDLY CYCLED THERMAL SWING

The present invention provides apparatus and methods for separating fluid components, for example, hydrogen. In preferred embodiments, the apparatus and methods utilize microchannel devices with small distances for heat and mass transfer to achieve rapid cycle times and surprisingly large volumes of fluid components separated in short times using relatively compact hardware.

THERMALLY PRIMED HYDROGEN-PRODUCING FUEL CELL SYSTEM

Thermally primed fuel processing assemblies and hydrogen-producing fuel cell systems that include the same. The thermally primed fuel processing assemblies include at least one hydrogen- producing region housed within an internal compartment of a heated containment structure. In some embodiments, the heated containment structure is an oven. In some embodiments, the compartment also contains a purification region and/or heating assembly. In some embodiments, the containment structure is adapted to heat and maintain the internal compartment at or above a threshold temperature, which may correspond to a suitable hydrogen-producing temperature. In some embodiments, the containment structure is adapted to maintain this temperature during periods in which the fuel cell system is not producing power and/or not producing power to satisfy an applied load to the system. In some embodiments, the fuel cell system is adapted to provide backup power to a power source, which may be adapted to power the ...

ADSORPTION CONTROL METHOD AND CONTROLLER

The present invention provides a method and a control system for controlling an adsorbent bed unit in which an adsorbent bed concentration of an impurity within an adsorbent bed of the adsor-bent bed unit is measured. The adsorbent bed concentration is controlled by manipulating the feed cycle time during which an adsorbent bed is adsorbing the impurities to maintain the adsorbent bed concen-tration at a targeted adsorption bed concentration. The targeted ad-sorption bed concentration is determined such that the product impuri-ty concentration is maintained at product impurity concentration tar-gets. The method and control system can incorporate a supervisory level of control reactive to product impurity concentration levels and related targets to determine the targeted adsorption bed concentration and a primary level of control that calculates the feed cycle time based upon an error between the measured and targeted adsorption bed con-centrations. Proportional integral control can be used ...

MODULAR PLANT FOR REMOVAL OF POLLUTANTS FROM FLUE GASES PRODUCED BY INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

The invention relates to a so-called zero emission 'AST-CNR/ITM system' modular plant for removal of pollutants from flue gases produced by industrial processes. The plant comprises prefabricated modular elements with programmed and automatic operation, easy to mount and assemble on site without undergoing expensive plant stoppage. Each module or 'reaction tower' comprises a plurality of sections vertically arranged on top of one another, which carry out the following functions: Removal of particulate matter with treatment and removal of chemical pollutants, such as heavy metals, chlorides, fluorides Treatment and removal of SOx Treatment and removal of NOx Capture of CO2 Production of hydrogen Production of methanol The various sections may be combined according to the requirements of the plant and of the flue gases to be treated.

METHOD AND APPARATUS TO FACILITATE SUBSTITUTE NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION

A method of producing substitute natural gas (SNG) includes providing at least one steam turbine engine. The method also includes providing a gasification system that includes at least one gas shift reactor configured to receive a boiler feedwater stream and a synthesis gas (syngas) stream. The at least one gas shift reactor is further configured to produce a high pressure steam stream. The method further includes producing a steam stream within the at least one gas shift reactor and channeling at least a portion of the steam stream to the at least one steam turbine engine.

METHOD AND APPARATUS TO FACILITATE SUBSTITUTE NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION

A method of producing substitute natural gas (SNG) includes providing at least one steam turbine engine. The method also includes providing a gasification system that includes at least one gas shift reactor configured to receive a boiler feedwater stream and a synthesis gas (syngas) stream. The at least one gas shift reactor is further configured to produce a high pressure steam stream. The method further includes producing a steam stream within the at least one gas shift reactor and channeling at least a portion of the steam stream to the at least one steam turbine engine.

METHOD OF TREATING A HOT SYNGAS STREAM FOR CONVERSION TO CHEMICAL PRODUCTS BY REMOVING AMMONIA AND COS

A method for the high removal of ammonia, COS and HCN from syngas (along with some polishing of particulates) in a cost effective and environmentally benign and sustainable fashion, with the need for little to no chemical addition by using a combination of water based gas scrubbing, HCN scrubbing and biological processing steps.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING PURIFIED SYNTHESIS GAS

The invention provides a process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a feed synthesis gas stream comprising besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen also hydrogen sulphide, carbonyl sulphide and/or hydrogen cyanide and optionally ammonia, the process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting the feed synthesis gas stream with a water gas shift catalyst in a shift reactor in the presence of water and/or steam to react at least part of the carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and hydrogen and at least part of the hydrogen cyanide to ammonia and/or at least part of the carbonyl sulphide to hydrogen sulphide, to obtain a shifted synthesis gas stream enriched in H2S and in CO2 and optionally comprising ammonia; (b) removing H2S and CO2 from the shifted synthesis gas stream by contacting the shifted synthesis gas stream with an absorbing liquid to obtain semi-purified synthesis gas and an absorbing liquid rich in H2S and CO2; (c) heating at least part of the absorbing ...

APPARATUS, SYSTEM, AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING HYDROGEN GAS

An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed for processing a hydrogen gas stream comprising a housing, a condensing media, a mechanical filtration element, a coalescer element, and an outlet port. The housing comprises a heat- and pressure resistant material and has an internal chamber configured to receive a hydrogen gas stream. A condenser may cool the hydrogen gas stream to promote water condensation. The condensing media removes entrained liquid water from the hydrogen gas stream. The mechanical filtration element receives the hydrogen gas stream as the hydrogen gas stream exits the condensing media. The mechanical filtration element collects particulate matter from the hydrogen gas stream. The coalescer element receives the hydrogen gas stream as the hydrogen gas stream exits the mechanical filtration element. The coalesce element removes substantially all of the liquid water formed in the hydrogen gas stream.

METHOD OF MAKING SYNTHESIS GAS

The invention relates to a method for producing a syngas containing H2 and CO. In said method, coke oven gas from a coke oven process is separated into hydrogen and a residual gas stream containing hydrocarbons, and the hydrogen separated from the coke oven gas is fed to a CO-rich syngas stream obtained from the top gas of a blast furnace process. The residual gas stream containing the hydrocarbons is recirculated into the blast furnace process as feedstock.

REACTOR VESSELS WITH TRANSMISSIVE SURFACES FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN-BASED FUELS AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS, AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

Reactor vessels with transmissive surfaces for producing hydrogen-based fuels and structural elements, and associated systems and methods. A chemical reactor in accordance with a particular embodiment includes a reactor vessel having a reaction zone, a hydrogen donor source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone, and a steam source coupled in fluid communication with the reaction zone. The reactor further includes a transmissive surface at the reaction zone, with the transmissive surface being transmissive to a reactant entering the reaction zone and/or radiant energy entering the reaction zone.

FURNACE AND PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION

A furnace (1) for the production of syngas comprising: - a radiant zone (2), - a convective zone (3), - a first (4) and at least a second series of pipes (5) through which at least two segregated process gas flows (A) and (B) respectively pass: wherein: · the first process flow (A) enters said furnace (1) from the convective zone (2) and, passing through said first series of pipes (4), leaves said furnace of the radiant zone (3), or in alternative said first process flow enters said furnace (1) through the radiant zone (2) and, passing through the first series of pipes (4), leaves said furnace through the radiant zone (2); · the second process flow, intended for the treatment of acid gases, enters said furnace (1) from the convective zone (2) passing through said second series of pipes (5) and leaves said furnace (1) through the convective zone (2), · said second series of pipes (5) is made of material resistant to acid gases. A process for the production of syngas in such a furnace comprising ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE FROM GASEOUS MIXTURE CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE AND CARBON DIOXIDE

... 211-P-CAO2424 A method of removing hydrogen sulphide from a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide, which method comprises the steps of bringing said gaseous mixture into contact with a liquid absorbent in an absorber, heating the liquid leaving the absorber to desorb part of the hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide dissolved therein, separating said liquid from said desorbed carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in a separator, recycling at least part of said desorbed carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide to said absorber, and expanding said liquid downstream of said separator.

METHOD OF PURIFYING A HYDROGENATED GAS CONTAINING ACID GASES

A method of purifying a hydrogenated gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulphide, for example a gaseous mixture obtained by partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, has a hydrogen sulphide elimination step which comprises a reaction between sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide to form sulphur, the reaction being carried out in a solvent for sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide.

PROCESS FOR DRYING GAS STREAMS

PROCESS FOR DRYING GAS STREAMS The integration of a single auxillary fixed adsorption bed into a system comprising at least two principal treater beds for the adsorptionpurification of gas streams containing water vapor results in reduced capital investment and purge gas requirements. During purge desorption of a principal treater bed the effluent is recycled through a closed loop containing the auxillary bed. Regeneration of the auxillary bed is accomplished at least in part using the effluent from the treater bed during cooldown.

SEPARATION OF CARBON BLACK BY THICK OIL

A process for the separation of carbon black from liquids containing it comprising washing water containing said carbon black with an organic liquid which is immiscible with water, whereby the carbon black passes into the organic liquid. The carbon black-organic liquid mixture is then passed through a disk centrifuge, thereby increasing the concentration of carbon black in the mixture.

RECOVERY OF SULFUR FROM H2S AND CONCURRENT PRODUCTION OF H2 USING SHORT CONTACT TIME CPOX

A method, apparatus and system for treating a stream containing H2S are disclosed. A preferred method comprises mixing the stream containing H2S with a light hydrocarbon stream and an oxygen containing stream to form a feed stream, contacting the feed stream with a catalyst for less than about 10000 microseconds while simultaneously raising the temperature of the stream sufficiently to allow oxidation of the H2S and partial oxidation of the light hydrocarbon to produce a product stream containing elemental sulfur, CO and hydrogen, and cooling the product stream sufficiently to condense at least a portion of the elemental sulfur and produce a tail gas. A preferred method further includes the step of processing the tail gas so as to react CO in the tail gas with water to produce CO2 and hydrogen and so as to convert elemental sulfur, SO2, COS, and CS2 in the tail gas into H2S, the step of contacting the tail gas with an alkanolamine absorber to produce a treated tail gas, and the step of ...

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a feed synthesis gas stream comprising besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen also hydrogen sulphide, HCN and/or COS, the process comprising the steps of: (a) removing HCN and/or COS by contacting the feed synthesis gas stream with a catalyst in a HCN/COS reactor in the presence of steam/water, to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS; (b) converting hydrogen sulphide in the synthesis gas stream depleted in HCN and/or in COS to elemental sulphur, by contacting the synthesis gas stream with an aqueous reactant solution containing solubilized Fe(III) chelate of an organic acid, at a temperature below the melting point of sulphur, and at a sufficient solution to gas ratio and conditions effective to convert H 2 S to sulphur and inhibit sulphur deposition, to obtain a synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide; (c) removing carbon dioxide from the synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide, to obtain the purified synthesis gas stream and a gas stream enriched in CO 2 .

Separation of gases

A process for separating a mixture of gases into a relatively condensable first component and a relatively non-condensable second component is provided. The first component comprises one or more gases selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, carbonyl sulphide and hydrogen sulphide and the second component one or more gases selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, oxygen and synthesis gas. The process itself comprises the following steps: (a) compressing and cooling a mixture of said first and second components in at least one compressor and at least one heat exchanger to a temperature and elevated pressure at which the first components condense and a two-phase gas-liquid mixture is formed; (b) separating the two phase mixture so formed into separate liquid first and gaseous second component fractions in a fractionation unit; (c) extracting residual first component from the separated gaseous second component fraction by scrubbing the second component at elevated pressure with a solvent (e.g. methanol) in a scrubber. In examples, the method further includes one or more steps of warming and expanding the gaseous second component fraction using at least one heat exchanger to exchange heat with a process stream and at least one turbo-expander capable of recovering mechanical work. The process described is highly energy efficient and is especially useful in hydrogen power plants, Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) and for sweetening sour natural gas.

Process For The Production Of Cellulose Based Biofuels

A process for the production of cellulose based biofuels is provided. This process includes pyrolysing a cellulose-containing feedstock to form a slurry of bioliquids and char; hydrocracking the slurry to produce a hydrocarbon gas stream, a hydrocarbon liquid stream, an impurities stream, and a residue stream; distilling the liquid hydrocarbon stream to produce at least a naphtha stream, and a diesel stream; and gasifying the residue stream to produce at least a hydrogen and a carbon monoxide stream.

Method and a system for combined hydrogen and electricity production using petroleum fuels

A SOFC system for producing a refined carbon dioxide product, electrical power and a compressed hydrogen product is presented. Introducing a hydrocarbon fuel and steam to the SOFC system, operating the SOFC system such that the steam-to-carbon molar ratio in the pre-reformer is in a range of from about 3:1 to about 4:1, the oxygen in the reformer combustion chamber is in excess, greater than 90% of the carbon dioxide produced during the process forms the refined carbon dioxide product are steps in the process. An alternative fueling station having a SOFC system is useful for fueling both electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles. Introducing steam and a hydrocarbon fuel, operating the alternative fueling station, coupling the alternative fuel vehicle to the alternative fueling station, introducing an amount of alternative fuel and decoupling the alternative fuel vehicle are steps in the method of use.

System and method for heating a gasifier

A system includes a gasifier configured to gasify a gasification fuel during a gasification mode. The system also includes a first injector configured to inject a heat control fuel and an oxygen enriched air into the gasifier for combustion during a heat control mode. The heat control fuel is the same or different from the gasification fuel, and the oxygen enriched air includes air enriched with additional oxygen.

Process for generating a synthetic natural gas

A process is described for reducing the thiophene content in a synthesis gas mixture, comprising comprises the steps of (i) passing a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides and containing thiophene over a copper-containing sorbent disposed in a sorbent vessel at an inlet temperature in the range 200-280 oC, (ii) withdrawing a thiophene depleted synthesis gas containing methanol from the sorbent vessel, and (iii) adjusting the temperature of the methanol-containing thiophene-depleted synthesis gas mixture. The resulting gas mixture may be used for production of chemicals, e.g. methanol production or for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of liquid hydrocarbons, for hydrogen production by using water gas shift, or for the production of synthetic natural gas.

Gasification Method for Reducing Emission of Carbon Dioxide

Provided is a gasification method of a carbon-containing material, the method including: (a) reacting a carbon-containing material to be treated under the presence of a catalyst with steam to produce a syngas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; (b) generating a carbon dioxide rich gas by introducing a portion of the syngas that has produced in step (a) into a combustion process, and/or separating hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the syngas produced in step (a); and (c) recycling, to step (a), the carbon dioxide rich gas that has been produced in step (b). By the method, the necessity of separating or collecting and storing carbon dioxide for reducing carbon dioxide is eliminated to minimize costs for constructing a special device and facility for the separation or collecting and storage of the carbon dioxide.

UNCONDITIONED SYNGAS COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF CLEANING UP SAME FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESSING

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. An unconditioned syngas generated by steam reforming of biomass in the presence of carbon dioxide and suitable for the production of Fischer-Tropsch products therefrom , the unconditioned syngas having a component composition comprising:(a) a carbon monoxide concentration ranging from between 5 volume percent to 35 volume percent on a dry basis;(b) a hydrogen concentration ranging from between 20 volume percent to 60 volume percent on a dry basis;(c) one or more volatile organic compounds (VOC) selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, phenol, styrene, xylene, cresol, and combinations thereof, the VOC concentration ranges from between 500 parts per million by volume to 10,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(d) one or more semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) selected from the group consisting of indene, indan, napthalene, methylnapthalene, acenapthylene, acenapthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, (methyl-) anthracenes/phenanthrenes, pyrene/fluoranthene, methylpyrenes/benzofluorenes, chrysene, benz[a]anthracene, methylchrysenes, methylbenz[a]anthracenes, perylene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenz[a,kl]anthracene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and combinations thereof, the SVOC concentration ranges from between 10 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis;(e) a hydrogen chloride concentration ranging from between greater than 0 parts per million by volume to 1,000 parts per million by volume on a dry basis; and(f) a hydrogen sulfide concentration ...

DISTRIBUTED HYDROGEN EXTRACTION SYSTEM

A hydrogen extraction system is provided. The extraction system can comprise a compressor for compressing a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and a desulfurization unit for receiving the compressed gas mixture. The system can also comprise a hydrogen-extraction device for receiving a reduced-sulfur gas mixture and a hydrogen storage device for receiving an extracted hydrogen gas. A method of extracting hydrogen from a gas mixture comprising natural gas and hydrogen, and a method of determining an energy price are also provided. 1. A system for monitoring a flow of hydrogen gas mixture , the system comprising:a meter for determining a mass flow rate of hydrogen gas;a meter determining a mass flow rate of natural gas;wherein the system is configured to multiply the mass flow rate of hydrogen gas by a factor for hydrogen gas;wherein the system is configured to multiply the mass flow rate of natural gas by a factor for natural gas; andwherein the system is configured to determine an energy price by adding i) the product of the mass flow rate of hydrogen gas and a factor for hydrogen gas and ii) the product of the mass flow rate of natural gas by a factor for natural gas.2. The system of claim 1 , further configured to determine the mass flow rate of natural gas by subtracting the mass flow rate of hydrogen gas from a flow rate of a gas mixture comprising hydrogen gas and natural gas.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the factor for hydrogen gas comprises a market value factor for hydrogen gas.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the factor for natural gas comprises a market value factor for natural gas.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the factor for hydrogen gas comprises a factor to account for the value added to a network by the return of hydrogen gas to the network and the factor for natural gas comprises a factor to account for the value depleted from a network by the extraction of hydrogen gas from the network.6. The system of claim 1 , further configured to supply ...

Sour Pressure Swing Adsorption Process

Methods and apparatuses for separating CO 2 and sulfur-containing compounds from a synthesis gas obtained from gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock. The primary separating steps are performed using a sour pressure swing adsorption (SPSA) system, followed by an acid gas enrichment system and a sulfur removal unit. The SPSA system includes multiple pressure equalization steps and a rinse step using a rinse gas that is supplied from a source other than directly from one of the adsorber beds of the SPSA system.

METHOD FOR REUSING ZEOLITE ADSORBENT AND REGENERATED ADSORBENT

Provided is a method for reusing an adsorbent which can stably exhibit purification ability by regenerating a used absorbent, in order to keep the composition of a purified syngas constant. 1. A method for regenerating a zeolite adsorbent which adsorbs a carbon dioxide gas from a syngas comprising the carbon dioxide gas and reduces the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas in the syngas , comprising:a step of recovering a used zeolite adsorbent;a step of calcining the used zeolite adsorbent at a temperature of 300° C. to 600° C. in an oxygen atmosphere to produce a regenerated zeolite adsorbent; anda step of reusing the regenerated zeolite adsorbent.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe zeolite adsorbent is used in a pressure swing adsorption apparatus.3. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe amount of carbon compound attached to the regenerated zeolite adsorbent is 1.0 mass % or less in terms of carbon atoms, with respect to the zeolite adsorbent, andthe amount of sulfur compound attached to the regenerated zeolite adsorbent is 0.01 mass % to 0.8 mass % in terms of sulfur atoms, with respect to the zeolite adsorbent.4. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe syngas comprises a tar component.5. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe zeolite adsorbent comprises an LSX type zeolite.6. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe syngas comprises carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen.7. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe syngas is derived from MSW.8. A regenerated zeolite adsorbent obtained by regenerating a used zeolite adsorbent claim 1 , whereina carbon compound and a sulfur compound are attached to the regenerated zeolite adsorbent, and whereinthe attached amount of the carbon compound is 1.0 mass % or less in terms of carbon atoms, with respect to the zeolite adsorbent, andthe attached amount of the sulfur compound is 0.01 to 0.8 mass % in terms of sulfur atoms, with respect to the zeolite adsorbent.9. The regenerated ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF RAW GASES BY MEANS OF PHYSICAL GAS SCRUBBING

A process for separating undesired, in particular acidic gas constituents from a raw gas, in particular raw synthesis gas, by absorption with cold methanol as physical detergent, wherein the methanol is cooled in a compression refrigeration machine by using a multi-component coolant. The use of the coolant according to the invention provides significant advantages with regard to the compressor capacity required in the compression refrigeration machine for the provision of a defined cooling capacity. 110-. (canceled)11. A process for the separation of undesired gas constituents , in particular carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide , from a raw gas , in particular raw synthesis gas , with methanol as detergent , the process comprising the following steps:a) supplying the raw gas to the absorption apparatus;b) cooling a methanol partial stream withdrawn from the absorption apparatus by indirect heat exchange with a coolant in a heat exchanger arranged outside the absorption apparatus and recirculating the cooled methanol partial stream into the absorption apparatus, wherein the coolant is cooled in a compression refrigeration machine which includes at least one compression stage;c) contacting the raw gas with the cooled methanol partial stream and with at least one further methanol partial stream recirculated from downstream process stages in the absorption apparatus, wherein a process gas stream depleted of undesired gas constituents and a loaded methanol partial stream enriched in undesired gas constituents is obtained;d) multistage regeneration of the loaded methanol partial stream by pressure decrease and/or temperature increase, between or downstream of which optionally further absorption steps can be carried out for separating further undesired gas constituents from the process gas stream, wherein at least one regenerated methanol partial stream is obtained, which is recirculated to step c) and wherein gas streams containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are ...

Systems And Methods For Producing Substitute Natural Gas

Systems and methods for producing synthetic gas are provided. The method can include gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an oxidant within a gasifier to provide a raw syngas. The raw syngas can be cooled within a cooler to provide a cooled syngas. The cooled syngas can be processed within a purification system to provide a treated syngas. The purification system can include a saturator adapted to increase a moisture content of the cooled syngas. The treated syngas and a first heat transfer medium can be introduced to a methanator to provide a synthetic gas, a second heat transfer medium, and a methanation condensate. At least a portion of the methanation condensate can be recycled from the methanator to the saturator.

Methods and apparatuses for detection of properties of fluid conveyance systems

A system and method for monitoring and/or detecting the flow of one or more fluids in a fluid system including leak detection system integral to the fluid system (e.g., at any point along a conduit, at a connection between conduits such as at a fitting assembly, etc.) configured to detect incipient, early stage levels of the leak. Based on one or more factors related to the fluid and/or the leak, the methods, devices, and systems disclosed herein can provide an indication of a suitable action or process in response to the fluid or the leak including performing preventative maintenance or providing an indication of the need of maintenance in response to the leak.

System and Method For Fueling Alternative Fuel Vehicles

Disclosed is an alternative fuel fueling station useful for fueling both electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles simultaneously. The alternative fuel fueling station includes a solid oxide fuel cell, an electrical conduit, and a compressed hydrogen conduit, such that the alternative fuel fueling station can fuel both the electrical and hydrogen alternative fuel vehicles simultaneously. 2. The method of claim 1 , where the method further comprises the step of introducing water to the SOFC system of the alternative fuel fueling station.3. The method of claim 1 , where the alternative fuel is compressed hydrogen product and the alternative fuel vehicle is a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.4. The method of claim 1 , where the alternative fuel is electrical power and the alternative fuel vehicle is an electrical vehicle.5. The method of claim 1 , where the hydrocarbon fuel is selected from the group consisting of: naphtha claim 1 , kerosene and combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , where the SOFC system includes a hydrodesulfurization system that fluidly couples to the hydrogen compression and storage system and is operable to receive a hydrocarbon fuel.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising a steam reformer having catalytic reactor tubes and a reformer combustion chamber claim 6 , where the catalytic reactor tubes couple to the hydrodesulfurization system and are operable to receive steam claim 6 , and where the reformer combustion chamber thermally couples to the catalytic reactor tubes and fluidly couples to both an outlet of an anode side of the solid oxide fuel cell and an oxygen generation system and is operable to receive the hydrocarbon fuel claim 6 ,the anode side operable to receive a methane-rich anode feed gas without a reformer, the methane-rich anode feed gas comprising a pre-reformer syngas product and an off-gas stream from a hydrogen purification system, where the off-gas stream comprises methane, carbon oxides, and inert gases, ...

Method for converting biomass into fischer-tropsch products with carbon dioxide recycling

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

SYSTEM FOR SYNGAS CLEAN-UP OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A system for removing solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) from unconditioned syngas having steam contained therein , the unconditioned syngas having a first temperature above a SVOC condensation temperature , the system comprising:{'b': '8100', 'a venturi scrubber () configured to receive the unconditioned syngas, solvent and water and output an intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam together with a first mixture comprising SVOC, solids, solvent and water;'}{'b': '8125', 'a char scrubber () configured to receive the intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam and the first mixture, and separately output: (i) a first depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of SVOC relative to the unconditioned gas stream, and (ii) a second mixture comprising SVOC, solids, solvent and water;'}{'b': '8275', 'a decanter () configured to receive the second mixture and separate the water within the second mixture based upon immiscibility so that the SVOC, solids and solvent collect together to form a third mixture separate from the water within the decanter, the decanter further configured to separately output the water and the third mixture; and'}{'b': '8300', 'a vessel () arranged to receive the third mixture, the vessel having at least one liquid phase candle filter and a vessel bottom provided with a drain port; whereinthe candle filter is capable of operating so that: (i) the solids agglomerate on a surface of the candle filter and form a filter cake, and (ii) the SVOC ...

System for Syngas Clean-Up

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A syngas clean-up system for processing unconditioned syngas having solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) therein , comprising:{'b': '8000', 'a hydrocarbon reformer () connected to a source of unconditioned syngas and operated to output an improved quality syngas;'}{'b': 8000', '8100', '8125, 'a semi-volatile organic compound (SVOC) removal system positioned downstream of the hydrocarbon reformer (), the SVOC removal system comprising at least one scrubber (, ) and configured to output a first depleted syngas stream having a reduced amount of solids and SVOCs relative to the unconditioned syngas;'}{'b': '8600', 'at least one syngas compressor () positioned downstream of the scrubber and configured output a compressed first depleted syngas stream;'}a volatile organic compound (VOC) separation system positioned downstream of the syngas compressor, the VOC separation system comprising at least one adsorber and configured to output a second depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of VOC relative to the compressed first depleted syngas stream;{'b': '8875', 'at least one carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis bed () positioned downstream of the VOC separation system and configured to remove carbonyl sulfide to produce a third depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of carbonyl sulfide relative to the second depleted syngas stream; and'}{'b': '8900', 'at least one sulfur guard bed () positioned downstream of the carbonyl sulfide hydrolysis bed and configured to remove at least one ...

FEED ZONE DELIVERY SYSTEM HAVING CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK DENSITY REDUCTION AND GAS MIXING

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas. 12050101100104. A feed zone delivery system (A) for transferring carbonaceous material into to an interior () of a first reactor () having a longitudinal reactor axis (AX) and at least one reactor carbonaceous material input (A) , the system comprising:{'b': 2', '1', '2', '02, '(a) a weigh feeder (C) configured to weigh and regulate a mass flow rate of weighed carbonaceous material (C-);'}{'b': 2', '0', '2', '02', '2', '02, '(b) a densification system (D) configured to compress the weighed carbonaceous material (C-) received from the weigh feeder and form a densified carbonaceous material (D-);'}{'b': 2', '1', '2', '02', '2', '0, '(c) a density reduction system (F) configured to reduce the density of the densified carbonaceous material (D-) after it exits the densification system (D) to thereby form de-densified carbonaceous material;'}{'b': 2', '1', '2', '1, 'claim-text': [{'b': '00', '(d1) a mixing chamber (G);'}, {'b': 1', '2', '21', '20', '19', '21', '20', '19, '(d2) a first isolation valve ( ...

Process for Acid Gas Treatment and Power Generation

Systems and processes for treating acid gas from a sour gas stream are provided. A chemical looping combustion (CLC) process is provided that uses CaCOto capture sulfur from the acid gas and produce CaSO. An acid gas treatment unit may receive an acid gas from an acid gas removal unit and produce the CaSOand various gas and air streams for use in heat exchangers for steam production. The acid gas treatment unit may include a fuel reactor, an oxidizer reactor, and a calciner reactor. Another acid gas treatment unit may include a fuel reactor that includes the calciner function and an oxidizer reactor. A selective membrane module may be disposed between the sour gas stream and an acid gas removal unit to produce a HS and COpermeate that is mixed with the acid gas stream provided to the acid gas treatment unit. 1. A system , comprising: a fuel reactor operable to receive the acid gas stream and calcium oxide, the fuel reactor further operable to react the hydrogen sulfide with the calcium oxide to produce calcium sulfide and a first gas stream comprising water vapor and carbon dioxide;', 'an oxidizer reactor operable to receive the calcium sulfide and a first air stream, the oxidizer reactor further operable to produce calcium sulfate and an oxygen-lean second air stream, the oxygen-lean air stream comprising no more than 15% by weight oxygen: and', 'a calciner reactor operable to receive the oxygen-lean second air stream and calcium carbonate, the calciner reactor further operable to produce the calcium oxide and a second gas stream, the second gas stream comprising carbon dioxide., 'an acid gas treatment unit operable to treat an acid gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide, the acid gas treatment unit comprising2. The system of claim 1 , comprising one or more heat exchangers operable to receive at least one of the first gas stream claim 1 , the second gas stream claim 1 , and the oxygen-lean second air stream claim 1 , the one or more heat exchangers further ...

Methods of Converting Fuel

A method for converting fuel may include reducing at least one metal oxide in a first reactor with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide, transporting the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the first reactor to a second reactor, oxidizing at least a portion of the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the first reactor in the second reactor to produce a metal oxide intermediate, transporting the metal oxide intermediate from the second reactor to a third reactor, removing ash, char, or unwanted materials with a separation unit from the metal oxide intermediate transported from the second reactor to the third reactor, regenerating the at least one metal oxide, and transporting the regenerated metal oxide from the third reactor to the first reactor.

DISTRIBUTED HYDROGEN EXTRACTION SYSTEM

A hydrogen extraction system is provided. The extraction system can comprise a compressor for compressing a gas mixture comprising hydrogen and a desulfurization unit for receiving the compressed gas mixture. The system can also comprise a hydrogen-extraction device for receiving a reduced-sulfur gas mixture and a hydrogen storage device for receiving an extracted hydrogen gas. A method of extracting hydrogen from a gas mixture comprising natural gas and hydrogen, and a method of determining an energy price are also provided. 1. A method of extracting hydrogen from a gas mixture comprising natural gas and hydrogen , the method comprising:compressing the gas mixture to produce a compressed gas mixture;removing sulfur contained in the compressed gas mixture to form a sulfur-rich stream and a reduced-sulfur mixture;removing at least part of the hydrogen contained in the reduced-sulfur mixture to form a hydrogen-depleted mixture and a hydrogen gas; andsupplying the hydrogen gas to a hydrogen storage device.2. The method of claim 1 , further including:receiving the gas mixture from a network;mixing the hydrogen-depleted mixture with the sulfur-rich stream to form a resulfurized mixture; andsupplying the resulfurized mixture to the network.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the network comprises an existing natural gas network.4. The method of claim 1 , further including selectively passing the compressed gas mixture through a hydrogen selective membrane claim 1 , which increases a hydrogen concentration of the compressed gas mixture.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein passing the compressed gas mixture through the hydrogen selective membrane increases the hydrogen concentration of the compressed gas mixture to greater than 50% by volume.6. The method of claim 1 , further including supplying the stored hydrogen gas to a fuel cell to produce electricity.7. The method of claim 1 , further including passing the reduced-sulfur mixture through a pressure swing adsorption device ...

Integrated biorefinery for production of liquid fuels

A system including a mixing apparatus configured to produce a reformer feedstock and comprising one or more cylindrical vessel having a conical bottom section, an inlet for superheated steam within the conical bottom section and an inlet for at least one carbonaceous material at or near the top of the cylindrical vessel, wherein the one or more cylindrical vessel is a pressure vessel configured for operation at a pressure in the range of from about 5 psig (34.5 kPa) to about 50 psig (344.7 kPa); a reformer configured to produce, from the reformer feedstock, a reformer product comprising synthesis gas, and also producing a hot flue gas; a synthesis gas conversion apparatus configured to catalytically convert at least a portion of the synthesis gas in the reformer product into synthesis gas conversion product, and to separate, from the synthesis gas conversion product, a spent catalyst stream and a tailgas.

Process for separation and purification of renewable propane

A method for treating a gas stream comprising hydrogen and propane, where a combination of membrane separation and elevated pressure distillation is used to separate the hydrogen gas from the propane gas.

Method of Producing a Cooled Syngas of Improved Quality

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

A process and relating apparatus to make pure hydrogen from a syngas originated from wastes gasification

A raw syngas coming from HT gasification of organic wastes, once cooled in a proper heat recovery boiler or in a quencher is treated in a scrubbing section where, by adding an acidic solution followed by alkaline solution and by a WESP, particulate and chlorine compounds are removed and the syngas is ready for conversion, after its compression. In the conversion step CO is converted into C02 and H2 by adding steam; H2S is reduced to sulphur in a solid form, C02 is removed via cryogenic unit or an amine unit and pure H2 is produced.

PLANT AND METHOD FOR GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Method and plant for generation of synthesis gas, comprising the steps of air fractionation to give oxygen, nitrogen and tail gas, gasification of a hydrocarbonaceous fuel to give crude synthesis gas and cleaning of the crude synthesis gas by removal of acid gas by means of cryogenic absorption, wherein the absorbent is cooled by means of a compression coolant circuit and the cooling water used is cooled by evaporative cooling by means of the tail gas obtained in the air fractionation. 13-. (canceled)4. A method of generating a synthesis gas which consists essentially of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and has been purified of acid gases , proceeding from a hydrocarbonaceous fuel , and also air and steam , the method comprising the steps of:a) fractionating air by low-temperature rectification to give an oxygen stream, a tail gas stream and a nitrogen stream, wherein the tail gas stream and the nitrogen stream are at ambient temperature and the nitrogen stream is at elevated pressure;b) converting a hydrocarbonaceous fuel at elevated pressure and elevated temperature with the oxygen stream generated in step a) and the steam to a synthesis gas;c) removing the acid gases from the synthesis gas generated in step b) by low-temperature absorption in an absorption column with a liquid absorbent;d) cooling the absorbent used in step c) to the low temperature needed for the low-temperature absorption by means of a compression refrigeration plant, wherein the compression refrigeration plant comprises a coolant circuit in which the coolant is compressed and hence heated and is cooled and condensed by subsequent heat exchange with cooling water; ande) cooling the cooling water before it exchanges heat with the coolant in step d) by evaporative cooling,wherein the evaporative cooling in step e) is conducted with the tail gas stream generated in step a) and/or, after the tail gas stream has been expanded, with the nitrogen stream generated in step a).5. Method according to claim 4 ...

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING CRUDE SYNTHESIS GAS TO PRODUCE AN ACID GAS AND ACID GAS SEPARATOR

The invention relates to a gas scrubbing process for purifying crude synthesis gas with methanol as a physical absorption medium, wherein an acid gas comprising at least hydrogen sulfide (HS) is produced. The acid gas is produced in a hot regenerator arranged downstream of an absorption apparatus and subsequently separated from gaseous methanol in an acid gas separator by cooling and condensation. The acid gas separator has a condensation region and an absorption region, wherein both regions are separated from one another by a gas-permeable tray. This has the result that impurities such as hydrogen cyanide and/or ammonia outgassing from a first acid gas substream are not reabsorbed in the condensation region of the acid gas separator, thus avoiding an accumulation of impurities in the hot regenerator or other parts of the gas scrubbing plant. The invention further relates to an acid gas separator and to the use of the acid gas separator according to the invention in a process according to the invention. 1. A process for purifying crude synthesis gas with methanol as a physical absorption medium , wherein an acid gas comprising hydrogen sulfide (HS) is produced and the process comprises the following process steps:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'a. treating crude synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H), hydrogen sulfide (HS) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and/or ammonia (NH) with methanol in an absorption apparatus to obtain a methanol laden with at least HS and HCN and/or NH;'}{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '3, 'b. hot-regenerating the methanol laden with HS and HCN and/or NHin a hot regenerator to obtain a gas mixture comprising at least methanol, HS, HCN and/or NHwhich is withdrawn from the hot regenerator;'}c. cooling the gas mixture withdrawn from the hot regenerator and transferring the cooled gas mixture into an acid gas separator, wherein the acid gas separator comprises an absorption region and a condensation region, wherein the absorption region and ...

RECOVERY OF HYDROGEN FROM FRACTIONATION ZONE OFFGAS

Methods and apparatus for increasing the recovery of hydrogen from fractionation section offgas are described. The methods include reducing the pressure of a liquid effluent from a high-pressure reaction zone, and introducing the effluent into a flash drum forming a low pressure liquid effluent. The low pressure effluent is introduced into a low-pressure stripper column, and separated into an overhead vapor stream and at least one additional stream. The stripper column overhead vapor stream is compressed in a one cylinder of a compressor, which has at least one additional cylinder, to an intermediate pressure. The compressed overhead stream is introduced to an intermediate pressure knockout drum forming a gas stream and a liquid stream. The gas stream is introduced into a pressure swing adsorption zone to produce a hydrogen rich gas stream at an intermediate pressure. 1. A method of increasing the recovery of hydrogen from fractionation section off-gas comprising:reducing a pressure of a liquid effluent from a high-pressure reaction zone;introducing the reduced pressure effluent into a flash drum to form a low pressure liquid effluent and a flash gas stream;introducing the low pressure liquid effluent into a low-pressure stripper column;separating the low pressure liquid effluent into an overhead vapor stream and at least one additional stream in the stripper column;compressing the stripper column overhead vapor stream in a first cylinder of a compressor to an intermediate pressure, the compressor having at least one additional cylinder;introducing the compressed overhead vapor stream to an intermediate pressure knockout drum to form a gas stream and a liquid stream;introducing the gas stream from the intermediate pressure knockout drum into a pressure swing adsorption zone to produce a hydrogen rich gas stream at an intermediate pressure.2. The method of further comprising:compressing the hydrogen rich gas stream at the intermediate pressure to a high pressure in ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE AND HYDROGEN

In a process for the production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from a gas flow comprising at least hydrogen, at least one sulfur-comprising component and carbon dioxide originating from a Claus unit fed with a gas comprising at least 50 mol % of oxygen, the gas flow is compressed and dried in order to produce a compressed and dried gas flow and the compressed and dried gas flow is separated at a subambient temperature in order to produce at least a fluid enriched in carbon dioxide with respect to the compressed and dried gas flow and at least a fluid enriched in hydrogen with respect to the compressed and dried gas flow. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for the production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen from a gas flow comprising at least hydrogen , at least one sulfur-comprising component and carbon dioxide originating from a Claus unit (C) in which hydrogen sulfide (HS) is partially converted into sulfur , the Claus unit being fed with a gas comprising at least 50 mol % of oxygen and produces a gas flow , in which the process further comprises the steps of:a) compressing and drying the gas flow is compressed and dried in order to produce a compressed and dried gas flow; andb) separating the compressed and dried gas flow by distillation and/or by at least one stage of partial condensation at a subambient temperature, in order to produce at least a fluid enriched in carbon dioxide with respect to the compressed and dried gas flow and at least a fluid enriched in hydrogen with respect to the compressed and dried gas flow.17. The process as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the fluid enriched in hydrogen is a gas and this gas or a gas derived from this gas is separated by adsorption in order to produce a flow rich in hydrogen comprising at least 60 mol % of hydrogen and a flow depleted in hydrogen.18. The process as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the flow depleted in hydrogen comprises carbon dioxide and is treated by separation at subambient temperature in order to produce a ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH QUALITY SYNGAS THROUGH REGENERATION OF COKED UPGRADATION AGENT

The present invention relates to a process for the production of high quality synthesis gas rich in hydrogen during the process of upgrading the residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock by rejuvenating the spent upgrading material in Reformer in absence of air/oxygen without supplying external heat source other than the heat generated inside the process during combustion of residual coke deposited on the upgrading material. The present invention further relates to the apparatus used for preparation of syngas wherein said syngas thus produced is used for production of hydrogen gas. Furthermore, the present invention also provides system and method for preparing pure hydrogen from syngas. 1. A process for producing syngas rich in hydrogen , during the process of upgrading residual hydrocarbon oil feedstock , the process comprising , partially regenerating spent upgrading agent , obtained from a Riser , in a Reformer with steam and in absence of oxygen containing gases to obtain syngas rich in hydrogen , wherein the spent upgrading agent constitutes 1 to 5 wt % coke , and the Reformer is maintained at a temperature of 650 to 850° C. without supplying external heat.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the Reformer is maintained by circulating the rejuvenated agent from the Combustor to the Reformer.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising injecting an oil soluble organo-metallic additive selected from alkali and alkaline earth metal additives in the Reformer.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising introducing partially rejuvenated upgrading agent from the Reformer claim 1 , to a Combustor and burning the partially rejuvenated upgrading agent at a temperature in the range of 750° C. to 950° C. and in presence of a stream of oxygen containing gases in the Combustor to obtain rejuvenated upgrading agent and flue gas.5. The process of claim 4 , further comprising introducing the rejuvenated upgrading agent from the Combustor to the Reformer.6. The ...

METHOD FOR REMOVING SULFUR COMPOUNDS FROM SOUR GAS STREAMS AND HYDROGEN RICH STREAMS

The present invention relates to a process for purifying a gas stream comprising hydrogen sulfide or mercaptans, or mixtures thereof. The gas stream can be a sour natural gas stream, a landfill gas or an industrial gas stream. The process comprises contacting the gas stream at effective absorption conditions including an absorption temperature less than about 300° C. with a solid absorbent effective to absorb the hydrogen sulfide, or mercaptans or mixtures thereof to provide a purified gas stream. Method is useful for treating gas streams having up to 90 vol-% hydrogen sulfide, or treating highly pure hydrogen streams. The invention is useful as a guard bed for fuel cells and sensitive laboratory instruments. The invention can also be employed to treat steam reformer product hydrogen streams without the need for further compression of the product hydrogen streams. 1. A process for sweetening a sour gas stream to provide a sweetened gas stream , said process comprising contacting the sour gas stream comprising hydrogen or methane and a sour impurity selected from the group consisting of hydrogen sulfide , mercaptans and mixtures thereof at effective absorption conditions including an absorption temperature less than or equal to 300° C. with a solid absorbent comprising a copper oxide and having a copper content greater than or equal to 50 wt-% and a zinc content less than 0.3 wt-% , said solid absorbent being selective for the regenerable absorption of said sour impurity to absorb at least a portion of the sour impurity to provide the sweetened gas stream having a reduced amount of the sour impurity.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sour gas stream is a sour natural gas stream or a landfill gas stream or an industrial gas stream or a hydrogen gas stream.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sour gas stream is a hydrogen stream comprising hydrogen sulfide and the sweetened gas stream comprises less than 10 ppbv hydrogen sulfide.4. The process of claim 1 , ...

Scrubbing column for cleaning of gas streams

The invention provides a scrubbing column for cleaning gas streams laden with absorbent residues, for example with methanol, and also with solid particles, for example with fuel dust. The gas scrubbing is effected by means of a random packing disposed in the lower region of the scrubbing column and the gas scrubbing of the gas stream laden solely with absorbent residues but not with solid particles by means of a structured packing disposed in the upper region of the scrubbing column. The use of the scrubbing column according to the invention in the integrated plant system between a gasification plant and a plant for gas scrubbing which is operated by the Rectisol process, for example, offers particular advantages with regard to its industrial employability owing to the possible connections described, which bring synergies for efficient operation of the integrated plant system.

METHOD FOR SYNGAS CLEAN-UP OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH SOLIDS REMOVAL

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A method for cleaning unconditioned syngas for introduction into a syngas processing technology application , the unconditioned syngas including semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) , and at least one or both of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide , the method comprising:(a) contacting the unconditioned syngas with water to reduce the temperature of the syngas to below the SVOC condensation temperature to thereby form an intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam, and a first mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(b) removing steam from the intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam to form: (i) a first depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of SVOC and solids relative to the unconditioned gas, and (ii) a second mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(c) after step (b), removing hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen sulfide from the first depleted syngas stream with a scrubber;(d) after step (c), compressing the syngas to a pressure ranging from 100 PSIG to 2,000 PSIG;(e) after step (d), removing at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas;(f) also after step (b), separating the water within the second mixture based upon immiscibility so that the SVOC and solids collect together to form a third mixture separate from the water; and 'wherein:', '(g) after step (f) agglomerating the solids together to form an agglomerated cake having density greater than that of water;'}(i) the hydrogen chloride concentration in unconditioned syngas ranges from greater ...

METHOD FOR SYNGAS CLEAN-UP OF SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WITH CARBONYL SULFIDE REMOVAL

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A method for cleaning unconditioned syngas for introduction into a syngas processing technology application , the unconditioned syngas including semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) , at least one or both of hydrogen chloride and hydrogen sulfide , and having a carbonyl sulfide concentration greater than 0 ppm and less than or equal to 15 ppm; the method comprising:(a) contacting the unconditioned syngas with water to reduce the temperature of the syngas to below the SVOC condensation temperature to thereby form an intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam, and a first mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(b) removing steam from the intermediate SVOC-depleted syngas containing steam to form (i) a first depleted syngas stream which has a reduced amount of SVOC and solids relative to the unconditioned gas, and (ii) a second mixture comprising SVOC, solids and water;(c) after step (b), removing hydrogen chloride and/or hydrogen sulfide from the first depleted syngas stream with a scrubber;(d) after step (c), compressing the syngas to a pressure ranging from 100 PSIG to 2,000 PSIG;(e) after step (d), removing at least a portion of the carbonyl sulfide from the syngas; 'wherein:', '(f) after step (e), removing carbon dioxide from the syngas with one or more from the group consisting of a membrane, an adsorber and an absorber;'}(i) the carbonyl sulfide concentration after step (e) is less than or equal to 30 ppb;(ii) the hydrogen chloride concentration in unconditioned syngas ranges ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MANUFACTURE OF METHANOL FROM NATURAL GAS AND FLARE GAS FEEDSTOCK

A mobile system and method that reform flare gas, methane, or natural gas, using air without steam, to directly produce methanol, a clean burning gasoline blend, component, and/or substitute are disclosed. The system first reforms the air-methane mixture at ambient atmospheric pressure, then compresses the resulting CO-hydrogen-nitrogen gas mixture to 600 psi, and feeds it through a methanol reactor which reacts the gas mixture directly into methanol. The nitrogen is returned by the system back to the atmosphere. Methanol is a clean burning gasoline substitute, and can be used to displace significantly costlier and dirtier petroleum-based fuel, while solving a critical problem with flaring. For example, the over 120 billion cubic feet per year that was flared in North Dakota in 2014 could be converted into over 6 million tons of methanol. 1. A mobile system for converting raw natural gas into methanol , comprising:a syngas generator for generating syngas from the raw natural gas and air;a syngas compressor for compressing the syngas;a reactor for converting carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the syngas to methanol; anda power generator for using unreacted carbon monoxide and hydrogen to generate power, wherein some of the power is used to power the syngas compressor.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising:a sulfur removal unit for removing sulfur from the raw natural gas stream.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the syngas generator comprises an air reforming unit for reforming the raw natural gas and air in presence of a steam reforming catalyst.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein air enriched in oxygen is added to the air reforming unit to increase concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the syngas.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein distilled water is added to the air reforming unit for preventing catalyst coking.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the distilled water is recycled to the air reforming unit from a condenser downstream from an air ...

AN APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF STEAM PRODUCTION

An apparatus for improving thermal efficiency of steam production is provided. In one embodiment, the apparatus can include: a BFW heat exchanger in fluid communication with a hydrocarbon gas source and a boiler feed water source, wherein the BFW heat exchanger is configured to allow for the natural gas stream to exchange heat with the first BFW stream such that the hydrocarbon gas stream is pre-heated within the BFW heat exchanger and the BFW stream is cooled; a syngas production facility in fluid communication with the BFW heat exchanger, wherein the syngas production facility comprises a steam methane reformer (SMR) that is configured to convert natural gas within the hydrocarbon gas stream into a hot product stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein the SMR comprises a plurality of burners; and a third heat exchanger in fluid communication with the first heat exchanger and the syngas production facility, wherein the third heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat between the hot product stream and the first BFW stream, thereby creating a hot BFW stream and a cooled product stream. 1. An apparatus for improving thermal efficiency of steam production , the apparatus comprising:(a) a BFW heat exchanger in fluid communication with a hydrocarbon gas source and a boiler feed water source, wherein the BFW heat exchanger is configured to allow for the natural gas stream to exchange heat with the first BFW stream such that the hydrocarbon gas stream is pre-heated within the BFW heat exchanger and the BFW stream is cooled;(b) a syngas production facility in fluid communication with the BFW heat exchanger, wherein the syngas production facility comprises a steam methane reformer (SMR) that is configured to convert natural gas within the hydrocarbon gas stream into a hot product stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, wherein the SMR comprises a plurality of burners; and(c) a third heat exchanger in fluid communication with the first heat exchanger ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock, and the Wobbe Index of said fuel is increased by a step of carbon dioxide removal or methanation. 119-. (canceled)20. A process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock including a stage of converting said natural gas feedstock into a raw product gas and purifying said raw product gas , said process includes providing heat input by combustion of a fuel , wherein said process includes producing a gaseous fuel and combusting said gaseous fuel to provide at least part of said heat input to the stage of converting , said process for producing said gaseous fuel comprising:a) gasifying a solid or liquid carbonaceous feedstock into a first gaseous product; and b1) removing carbon dioxide; or', 'b2) methanation;, 'b) treating said first gaseous product to obtain said gaseous fuel, said treating including at least one of{'sup': '3', 'wherein said gaseous fuel has an upper Wobbe Index of at least 14 MJ/Nm.'}21. The process of claim 20 , wherein said step b1) of removing carbon dioxide includes removing carbon dioxide with a purity of at least 90% molar.22. The process of claim 21 , wherein the purity is at least 95%.23. The process of claim 21 , wherein the purity is at least 98%.24. The process of claim 20 , wherein said step b1) of removing carbon dioxide includes removing a fraction of the carbon dioxide content of the processed gas claim 20 , which is not greater than 90% claim 20 , thereby leaving a corresponding residual carbon dioxide in said gaseous fuel.25. The process of ...

CONVERSION OF BIOMASS INTO A LIQUID HYDROCARBON MATERIAL

A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a biomass feedstock is provided. The process comprises: 1. A process for producing liquid hydrocarbon products from a biomass , biomass-containing and/or biomass-derived feedstock , the process comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'a) contacting the feedstock with one or more hydropyrolysis catalyst compositions and molecular hydrogen in a hydropyrolysis reactor vessel at a temperature in the range of from 350 to 600° C. and a pressure in the range of from 0.50 to 7.50 MPa, to produce a product stream comprising hydropyrolysis product that is at least partially deoxygenated, HO, H, CO, CO, C-Cgases, char and catalyst fines;'}b) removing all or a portion of the char and catalyst fines from the product stream;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '1', '3', '2', '2', '1', '3, 'c) hydroconverting all or a portion of the hydropyrolysis product in a hydroconversion reactor vessel in the presence of one or more hydroconversion catalyst compositions and of at least a portion of the HO, CO, CO, H, and C-Cgases generated in step a), to produce a vapour phase product comprising substantially fully deoxygenated hydrocarbon product, HO, CO, CO, and C-Cgases,'}wherein one or both of the hydropyrolysis catalyst composition and the hydroconversion catalyst composition is an organics-treated catalyst composition comprising one or more metals selected from those of groups 6, 9, and 10 of the periodic table, and one or more coordinating organic compounds; and wherein a catalyst precursor to the organics-treated catalyst composition was either (i) subjected to a hydrogen treatment step and sulfidation or (ii) calcined.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more coordinating organic compounds are selected from the group of amide compounds claim 1 , carbonates claim 1 , long chain amines claim 1 , organic acids and alpha olefins.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst precursor is subjected to ...

DIRECT COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON REDUCTION DEVICE WITH HYDROGEN UTILIZATION

Combining multiple subsystems involving biomass processing, biomass gasification of the processed biomass where a synthesis gas is produced then converted to hydrogen fuels or other transportation fuels for use in coupled transportation systems sized to consume all the transportation fuel produced. Carbon in the biomass is converted to COin the conversion process and a portion of that COis captured and sequestrated for long term storage. 1. A method of converting biomass into hydrogen , the steps of the method comprising: adding drying heat to a system configured to reduce moisture of unprocessed biomass to 17% or less by weight;', 'filtering out particulates from the unprocessed biomass which exceed a predetermined diameter threshold using one or more of: a screen, diverter gate, and disc screener;, 'creating processed biomass from unprocessed biomass having a moisture content of 30% to 45% by weight bydepositing processed biomass in storage; a portion of the processed biomass is converted to carbon dioxide that is captured and sequestered in a storage tank; and', 'hydrogen is produced, captured and directed into a transportation fuel use., 'submitting the processed biomass to a gasification process to create a syngas in which2. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , wherein 95% of the processed biomass is between 2 mm and 80 mm in diameter.3. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising moving the unprocessed biomass on a moving conveyor belt during the drying step.4. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the biomass during gasification to hydrogen a reaction step involving FE-CR-based catalysts.5. The method of converting biomass into hydrogen of claim 1 , further comprising using a plurality of fixed bed reactors processing syngas in two to five stages to gradually lower outlet temperatures of the processed biomass syngas.6. The method of converting biomass ...

Method and system for producing methanol using partial oxidation

A method and system for producing methanol that employs steam methane reforming (SMR) and/or autothermal (ATR) synthesis gas production system, together with a partial oxidation system, is disclosed. The dual mode system and method for producing the synthesis gas in a methanol production process optimizes the efficiency and productivity of the methanol plant by using the partial oxidation based reforming system as an independent source of synthesis gas. The disclosed methods and systems are configurable either as a retrofit to existing methanol production facilities or as an integrated package into newly constructed methanol production facilities.

Partial upgrading process for heavy oil and bitumen

A bitumen and heavy oil upgrading process and system is disclosed for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, an example of which is synthetic crude oil (SCO). The process integrates Fischer-Tropsch technology with gasification and hydrogen rich gas stream generation. The hydrogen rich gas generation is conveniently effected using singly or in combination a hydrogen source, a hydrogen rich vapour from hydroprocessing and the Fischer-Tropsch process, a steam methane reformer (SMR) and autothermal reformer (ATR) or a combination of SMR/ATR. The feedstock for upgrading is distilled and the bottoms fraction is gasified and converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor. A resultant hydrogen lean syngas is then exposed to the hydrogen rich gas stream to optimize the formation of, for example, the synthetic crude oil. Partial upgrading and the commensurate benefits is detailed as well. A system for effecting the processes is also characterized in the specification.

PROCESSES FOR SELECTIVELY REDUCING THE CONCENTRATION OF HYDROGEN CYANIDE IN SYNGAS

This invention pertains to processes for selectively oxidizing hydrogen cyanide contained in syngas using permanganate anion as an oxidant contained in an aqueous solution that is contacted with the syngas under certain conditions of temperature, pressure and duration of contact. 1. A process for selectively reducing the concentration of hydrogen cyanide with respect to carbon monoxide in a gas feed , said gas feed containing at least about 5 volume percent carbon monoxide and between about 1 and 500 parts per million by volume hydrogen cyanide , comprising: i. said contacting being at a temperature of between about 4° C. and 50° C.,', 'ii. said gas feed being at a pressure less than about 2000 kPa absolute, and', 'iii. wherein the duration of said contacting is at least sufficient to provide a treated gas having a concentration of hydrogen cyanide that is less than about 30 percent of that in the gas feed;, 'a. continuously passing said gas feed into contact with an aqueous solution of between about 50 and 2000 parts per million by mass of permanganate anion under conditions sufficient for permanganate anion to oxidize hydrogen cyanide and generate manganese dioxide,'}b. continuously removing said treated gas from contact with the aqueous solution;c. intermittently or continuously replenishing permanganate anion to said aqueous solution; andd. intermittently or continuously removing manganese dioxide from said aqueous solution.2. The process of wherein the treated gas contains less than about 0.5 parts per million by volume of hydrogen cyanide.32. The process of wherein the treated gas contains less than about 0.1 parts per million by volume of hydrogen cyanide.4. The process of wherein the gas feed contains between about 1 and 50 parts per million by volume of hydrogen cyanide.5. The process of wherein the aqueous solution contains less than about 1000 parts per million by mass of permanganate anion.6. The process of wherein the average duration of contact between ...

Blends of Low Carbon And Conventional Fuels with Improved Performance Characteristics

The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel. 1. A blended fuel comprising:(a) about 5% to about 90%, by volume, of a petroleum fuel; and(b) about 95% to about 10%, by volume, of a low carbon fuel produced from a renewable biomass feedstock, using a thermochemical or biochemical conversion process,wherein the low carbon fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least about 50% lower than a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the low carbon fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 30% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel; andwherein the blended fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least 5% lower than the well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the blended fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 5% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel.2. Wherein the blended fuel of is produced by a process that involves converting a renewable biomass feedstock into a syngas; and reacting the syngas with a catalyst to produce the low carbon fuel.3. The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the performance characteristic values are any two of a cetane number claim 1 , a lubricity value claim 1 , a sulfur content claim 1 , and an oxidative stability value.4. The ...

REDUCING ACID GASES FROM STREAMS

Methods of reducing acid gas from a stream, comprising contacting the stream with a solvent system comprising a glycerol derivative are described herein. Disclosed herein is a composition comprising a glycerol derivative and an acid gas. A method for sweetening a natural gas stream comprising contacting a solvent system comprising a glycerol derivative with a natural gas stream is described herein. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , Rand Rare independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted Calkyl claim 1 , substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy claim 1 , and C-Ctrifluoromethyl terminated alkyl.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity of the glycerol derivative is at or below 5 cP at 25° C.4. (canceled)5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glycerol derivative is selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3-trimethoxypropane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3-triethoxypropane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3-tri(2-methoxyethyl)propane claim 1 , and 1 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,3-tris(2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,2-trifluoroethoxy)propane.6. (canceled)7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid gas is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide claim 1 , sulfur dioxide claim 1 , hydrogen sulfide claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stream is selected from the group consisting of natural gas claim 1 , byproducts of a chemical reaction claim 1 , and post-combustion flue gas.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stream comprises the gases products produced from a water-gas shift reaction.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid gas is removed from the stream through absorption into the glycerol derivative.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent system comprises at least 50% of the glycerol derivative by volume.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent system contacts the stream in a hollow fiber membrane contactor.14. The solvent system of claim 13 , wherein ...

FLUIDIZED COKING WITH CARBON CAPTURE AND CHEMICAL PRODUCTION

Systems and methods are provided for improving the integration of fluidized coking systems that include an associated gasifier with other refinery and/or chemical plant processes. The improved integration can be based on one or more types of integration improvements. In some aspects, the integration can allow for improved carbon capture. In other aspects, the integration can allow for production of higher quality synthesis gas, which can then facilitate production of various chemicals, such as ammonia or urea. In still other aspects, the integration can allow for incorporation of HS generated during the fluidized coking and gasification into a fertilizer product. In yet other aspects, the integration can allow the fluidized coking system to continue to operate even when the associated refinery and/or chemicals production processes are off-line. In still other aspects, the integration can allow two or more of the above integration advantages, or three or more, such as up to all of the above integration advantages. 1. A method for producing synthesis gas or products derived from synthesis gas , comprising:exposing a feedstock comprising a T10 distillation point of 343° C. or more to a fluidized bed comprising solid particles in a reactor under thermal cracking conditions to form at least a 343° C.− liquid product, the thermal cracking conditions comprising 10 wt % or more conversion of the feedstock relative to 343° C., the thermal cracking conditions being effective for depositing coke on the solid particles;introducing an oxygen-containing stream, a hydrocarbon-containing stream, and steam into a gasifier;passing at least a portion of the solid particles comprising deposited coke from the reactor to the gasifier;{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'exposing the at least a portion of the solid particles comprising deposited coke to gasification conditions in the gasifier to form a gas phase product comprising H, CO, and COand partially gasified coke particles, the gasification ...

System and method for chemical looping

A method for chemical looping includes the steps of introducing a fuel and an oxygen carrier to a reducer, wherein in the reducer the fuel reacts with the oxygen carrier to produce a gas containing a sulfur-containing species, within the reducer, capturing the sulfur-containing species with the oxygen carrier, transporting the oxygen carrier with the sulfur-containing species to an oxidizer, within the oxidizer, releasing the sulfur-containing species via an oxidation reaction, within the oxidizer, recapturing the sulfur-containing species with the oxygen carrier, and transporting the oxygen carrier with the sulfur-containing species back to the reducer. The oxygen carrier is a blend comprising at least one metal oxide and at least one calcium-containing species.

CONDITIONED SYNGAS COMPOSITION, METHOD OF MAKING SAME AND METHOD OF PROCESSING SAME TO PRODUCE FUELS AND/OR FISCHER-TROPSCH PRODUCTS

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A conditioned syngas composition comprising:hydrogen;a carbon monoxide concentration ranging from between 5 volume percent to 35 volume percent on a dry basis;a carbon dioxide concentration ranging from between 2 volume percent to 8 volume percent on a dry basis;an ethane concentration greater than 0 and less than 1 volume percent on a dry basis; andan ethylene concentration greater than 0 and less than 2 volume percent on a dry basis.2. The conditioned syngas composition according to claim 1 , wherein:the hydrogen and carbon monoxide within the conditioned syngas composition ranges from between 55 volume percent to 95 volume percent of the syngas composition on a dry basis.3. The conditioned syngas composition according to claim 2 , further comprising:a volatile organic compounds concentration between 1 parts per billion and 500 parts per million, wherein the volatile organic compounds include one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene and xylene.4. The conditioned syngas composition according to claim 2 , further comprising:a volatile organic compounds concentration between 10 parts per billion and 25 parts per million, wherein the volatile organic compounds include one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene and xylene.5. The conditioned syngas composition according to claim 4 , comprising:an ammonia concentration greater than 0 and less than 10 parts per billion;a sulfur concentration greater than 0 and less than 30 parts per billion; anda metal ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING SULFUR-DEPLETED SYNGAS

A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi -volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations. 1. A method of producing sulfur-depleted syngas , the method comprising:(a) providing unconditioned syngas having an initial temperature and comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, sulfur and one or more volatile organic compounds (VOC) selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, phenol, styrene, xylene, and cresol;(b) after step (a), removing a first portion of the sulfur from the unconditioned syngas to produce a first sulfur-depleted syngas having a reduced amount of sulfur relative to the unconditioned syngas;(c) after step (b), compressing the first sulfur-depleted syngas to form a compressed syngas;(d) after step (c), removing at least a portion of the VOC from the compressed syngas to form a VOC depleted syngas having a reduced amount of VOC relative to the compressed syngas; and(e) after step (d), removing a second portion of sulfur from the VOC depleted syngas to produce a second sulfur-depleted syngas having a reduced amount of sulfur relative to the VOC depleted syngas.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising:in step (a), steam reforming biomass to produce the unconditioned syngas.3. The method according to claim 2 , comprising:steam reforming biomass in the presence of carbon dioxide, thereby producing additional carbon dioxide, in addition to the unconditioned syngas.4. The method according to claim 3 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00003', 'claim 3'}, 'providing a portion of the additional carbon dioxide as the source of the carbon dioxide in .'}5. The ...

FUEL TREATMENT DEVICE

A fuel treatment device () converts a hydrocarbon-containing fuel into a fuel for a fuel cell (). The fuel treatment device () has for this purpose a mixture formation space () for forming and processing a mixture of fuel and another component, a reformer () for converting the mixture into a synthesis gas and a desulfurization stage () for removing sulfur from the synthesis gas or from the mixture. The reformer () and desulfurization stage () are arranged adjacent to each other in a housing () along an axis of the housing (). 1. A fuel treatment device for converting a hydrocarbon-containing fuel into a fuel for a fuel cell , the fuel treatment device comprising:a housing;a mixture formation space for forming and processing a mixture of fuel and another component;a reformer for converting the mixture into a synthesis gas; anda desulfurization stage for removing sulfur from the synthesis gas or from the mixture, wherein the reformer and the desulfurization stage are arranged adjacent to each other in the housing along a longitudinal axis of the housing.2. A fuel treatment device in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reformer and/or the desulfurization stage comprises a coated carrier body.3. A fuel treatment device in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reformer and the desulfurization stage have the same cross-sectional geometry.4. A fuel treatment device in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reformer and the desulfurization stage are integrated in a one-piece unit.5. A fuel treatment device in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the mixture formation space is arranged adjacent to the reformer or the desulfurization stage in the housing along a longitudinal axis of housing.6. A fuel treatment device in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reformer and/or the desulfurization stage comprises a coated metal carrier body.7. A fuel treatment device in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the reformer and/or the desulfurization stage has a coated metal carrier body ...

INTEGRATED PROCESS FOR FILTERING CONSTITUENTS FROM A GAS STREAM

The invention provides a process for producing a fermentable gas stream from a gas source that contains one or more constituent which may be harmful to the fermentation process. To produce the fermentable gas stream, the gas stream is passed through a specifically ordered series of removal modules. The removal modules remove and/or convert various constituents found in the gas stream which may have harmful effects on downstream removal modules and/or inhibitory effects on downstream gas fermenting microorganisms. At least a portion of the fermentable gas stream is preferably capable of being passed to a bioreactor, which contains gas fermenting microorganisms, without inhibiting the fermentation process. 1. A process for producing a fermentable gas stream from an input gas stream , the input gas stream comprising CO , CO , or H , or a combination thereof , the process comprising:a. passing the input gas stream to a hydrolysis module, wherein at least one constituent of the gas stream is removed and/or converted to provide a post-hydrolysis gas stream;b. passing the post-hydrolysis gas stream to an acid gas removal module, wherein at least one further constituent of the gas stream is removed and/or converted to produce an acid gas depleted stream; andc. passing the acid gas depleted stream to a deoxygenation module, wherein at least one further constituent is removed and/or converted to produce a fermentable gas stream.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one constituent removed and/or converted is a microbe inhibitor and/or a catalyst inhibitor.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one or more of the constituents removed and/or converted by the hydrolysis module is carbonyl sulfide (COS) and/or hydrogen cyanide (HCN).4. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one or more of the constituents removed and/or converted by the acid gas removal module is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide (CO) claim 1 , hydrogen sulfide (HS) claim 1 , ...

Method and System For Combined Hydrogen and Electricity Production Using Petroleum Fuels

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system including a steam reformer, a hydrogen purification system, a pre-reformer, and a solid oxide fuel cell. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system comprising: catalytic reactor tubes, where the catalytic reactor tubes are operable to receive steam and a hydrocarbon feed and are operable to convert hydrocarbons of the hydrocarbon feed into hydrogen to produce a reformer syngas, the reformer syngas comprising hydrogen; and', 'a combustion chamber, where the combustion chamber is thermally coupled to the catalytic reactor tubes, is operable to receive the hydrocarbon feed, an oxygen feed, and an anode exhaust gas, and is operable to produce a flue gas, the flue gas comprising carbon dioxide;, 'a steam reformer, the steam reformer comprisinga hydrogen purification system, where the hydrogen purification system is operable to receive the reformer syngas and is operable to produce a purified hydrogen gas and an off-gas stream, the off-gas stream comprising methane;a pre-reformer, where the pre-reformer is operable to receive the hydrocarbon feed and the anode exhaust gas and is operable to produce a pre-reformer syngas, the pre-reformer syngas comprising methane; and 'where the anode side inlet is fluidly coupled to the hydrogen purification system and the pre-reformer and is operable to receive an anode feed, the anode feed comprising a mixture of the off-gas stream and the pre-reformer syngas.', 'where the anode side is operable to produce the anode exhaust gas, the anode exhaust gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides, and comprises an anode side inlet,'}, 'a solid oxide fuel cell, where the solid oxide fuel cell is operable to electrochemically convert methane and water into hydrogen and carbon oxides to produce electrical power and where the solid oxide fuel cell comprises an anode side,'}2. The SOFC system of claim 1 , further comprising: 'where the electrolysis cell is operable to receive water, is electrically coupled to the ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR COOLING A SYNTHESIS GAS FLOW

The invention relates to a method and to a device for performing a process (P) having at least one heat-consuming process step (F). A first fluid (), which arises in the process and contains acid gases and water vapor, is cooled indirectly against a second fluid (), an acidic condensate thus being formed. The invention is characterized in that the first fluid () is cooled in at least two successive steps (E, E), between which heat for use in the heat-consuming process step (V) is indirectly drawn from the second fluid (). 12721210. Method for performing a process (P) having at least one heat-consuming process step (F) , wherein a first fluid () , which arises in the process and contains acid gases and water vapor , is cooled indirectly against a second fluid () thus forming an acidic condensate , characterized in that the first fluid () is cooled in at least two successive steps (E , E) , between which heat for use in the heat-consuming process step (V) is indirectly drawn from the second fluid ().27. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a chemically neutral second fluid () is used and the heat intended for use in the heat-consuming process step (F) is transferred to a likewise chemically neutral medium.311122. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the process (P) is a synthesis gas generation in which a carbon-containing feedstock () is thermochemically converted claim 1 , in order to obtain a hot raw synthesis gas () containing water and acid gases as first fluid claim 1 , which is cooled against demineralized water (DMW) () as a second fluid to obtain clean export steam.42122. The method according to claim 3 , wherein heat is drawn from the DMW between the two steps of raw synthesis gas cooling claim 3 , in order to use it for producing stripping steam () claim 3 , which is used for degassing DMW ().52518. The method according to claim 3 , wherein heat is drawn from the DMW between the two steps for cooling the raw synthesis gas claim 3 , in order to use ...

ACID GAS REMOVAL WITH AN ABSORPTION LIQUID THAT SEPARATES IN TWO LIQUID PHASES

An apparatus and method for acid gas removal using an absorption liquid comprising a chemical solvent and a non-chemical solvent, each absorbing acid gas, wherein in embodiments regeneration of the absorption liquid involves separating the two components from each other in separate streams, and causing desorption from each stream using different desorption conditions. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said chemical solvent comprises one or more amines.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said chemical solvent comprises one or more amines selected from the group consisting of 2-amino-ethanol claim 1 , diisopropylamine claim 1 , diethanolamine claim 1 , diethylethanolamine claim 1 , triethanolamine claim 1 , aminoethoxyethanol claim 1 , 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol claim 1 , dimethylaminopropanol claim 1 , methyldiisopropanolamine claim 1 , aminoethylpiperazine claim 1 , piperazine claim 1 , 2-amino-1-butanol claim 1 , methyldiethanolamine claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said non-chemical solvent comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of sulpholane claim 1 , 3-methylsulpholane claim 1 , dimethylsulphoxide claim 1 , thiodiglycol claim 1 , dithiodiglycol claim 1 , N-methylpyrrolidone claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , tributyl phosphate claim 1 , N-β-hydroxyethylmorpholine claim 1 , propylene carbonate claim 1 , methoxytriglycol claim 1 , dimethyl ether of polyethylene glycol claim 1 , and mixtures of polyethylene glycol dialkyl ethers.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said chemical solvent comprises water.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said chemical solvent comprises three or more different molecules.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said chemical solvent comprises four or more different molecules.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the absorption liquid further comprises one or more modifiers for promoting phase separation between the two phases ...

RECLAIMING DEVICE, METHOD, AND RECOVERY UNIT OF CO2, H2S, OR BOTH OF CO2 AND H2S

Provided are a reclaimer that introduces a part of an absorbent that has absorbed COor HS in a flue gas through an introduction line and stores the absorbent, a heating section that heats the absorbent stored in the reclaimer to obtain recovered vapor, and a mixing tank disposed on the introduction line through which the absorbent is introduced into the reclaimer, and which introduces an absorbent (lean solution) and an alkaline agent for mixing thereof. 19-. (canceled)10. A recovery unit of CO , HS , or both of COand HS , the recovery unit comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'an absorber configured to bring a gas containing CO, HS, or both of COand HS, and an absorbent in contact to remove CO, HS, or both of COand HS;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'an absorbent regenerator configured to regenerate a rich solution that has absorbed CO, HS, or both of COand HS to obtain a lean solution;'}a reclaimer configured to extract a part of the lean solution regenerated in the absorbent regenerator through an introduction line to remove a coexisting substance in the lean solution;a heating section configured to heat the lean solution stored in the reclaimer to obtain recovered vapor;a mixing tank disposed on the introduction line and configured to introduce the lean solution and an alkaline agent for mixing thereof; anda discharge line through which the recovered vapor discharged from the reclaimer is introduced into the absorbent regenerator, whereinthe lean solution regenerated in the absorbent regenerator is circulated and reused in the absorber;the recovered vapor recovered from the reclaimer is introduced into the absorbent regenerator through the discharge line; and{'sub': '2', 'reflux water separated from a CO-entrained gas in a top of the absorbent regenerator is introduced into the mixing tank to dilute and mix the lean solution and the alkaline agent.'}11. The recovery unit of CO claim 10 , HS claim 10 , or both of COand HS according to claim 10 , ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN GAS STREAM FROM AN OFFGAS STREAM

Processes for producing a recycle hydrogen gas stream from an offgas separated from a reaction zone effluent. The reaction zone may receive a renewable feedstock and produce an effluent with gaseous components of hydrogen and light hydrocarbons. The offgas may be compressed, pass through hydrogen sulfide removal and then be sent to a reforming unit, such as a steam reformer. The steam reformer will generate additional hydrogen which can be recycled back to the reaction zone. 1. A process for producing a hydrogen rich gas stream , the process comprising:compressing a hydrogen containing gas separated from a reaction zone in a two stage compressor system, the hydrogen containing gas including light hydrocarbons and carbon oxides;removing hydrogen sulfide from the compressed gas in a hydrogen sulfide removal zone to provide a lean compressed gas;reforming the light hydrocarbons in the lean gas in a reforming zone to provide a hydrogen rich gas, the hydrogen rich gas including carbon oxides; and,returning the hydrogen rich gas to the reaction zone.2. The process of wherein the hydrogen sulfide (removal zone comprises at least one vessel comprising an adsorbent.3. The process of wherein the adsorbent comprises zinc oxide.4. The process of wherein the hydrogen sulfide removal zone comprises at least two vessels comprising a zinc oxide adsorbent claim 3 , the at least two vessels being arranged in a lead-lag configuration.5. The process of wherein the reforming zone comprises reforming with steam.6. The process of further comprising:heating the compressed gas with the hydrogen rich gas.7. The process of further comprising:heating the lean compressed gas with the hydrogen rich gas.8. The process of further comprising:removing carbon oxides from the hydrogen rich gas in the reaction zone.9. The process of wherein the reaction zone includes a deoxygenation zone for converting a renewable feedstock into hydrocarbons.10. A process for lowering a hydrogen demand of a user claim ...

Bulk Energy Storage Process

A multi stage set of molten salt based processes for coal gasification, recovery of sulfur from hydrogen, capture of COfrom gases and processes to store generated electrical energy for later use when it is needed in which excess power can be used to decarbonize fossil fuel to produce hydrogen that can be stored, sequester CO, and regenerate the hydrogen back to electricity using an advanced power cycle. 1. A process for generating electricity comprising:converting carbon to hydrogen and carbon dioxide in a gas generating unit and removing the carbon dioxide, compressing and the resulting hydrogen and;combusting it in a high-pressure combustor; passing the resulting gas product to a steam turbine connected to an electrical generator.2. The process of wherein the capacity of the gas generating unit is sized to produce 60 to 80 percent of the hydrogen needed to operate the steam turbine at full rated capacity and wherein excess hydrogen from the gas generation unit is stored when the electrical generating capacity of the generator exceeds demand and utilizing the stored hydrogen to add additional feed to the burner when electrical generating demand exceeds the capacity of hydrogen afforded by the gas generating unit.3. The process of wherein converting carbon to hydrogen and carbon dioxide is accomplished in a process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '4, 'gasification of coal and coke to produce a gas containing Hand COin a molten chloride salt mix of KCl and CaCl at about 1700° F. and the COis removed from the gas so produced by contacting with a molten salt mixture comprising lithium ortho silicate (Li4SiO) maintained at about 1075° F.'}4. The process of wherein finely ground limestone is added to the salt as sulfur absorbent.5. The process of wherein converting carbon to hydrogen and carbon dioxide is accomplished in a process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'gasification of natural gas to produce a gas containing Hand COin tubular reactor having tubes containing a ...

DIESEL REFORMING APPARATUS HAVING A HEAT EXCHANGER FOR HIGHER EFFICIENCY STEAM REFORMING FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS (SOFC)

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a diesel reformer system comprising: a diesel autothermal reforming unit; a post-reforming unit disposed downstream of the autothermal reforming unit; a heat exchanger disposed downstream of the post-reforming unit; and a desulfurization unit disposed downstream of the heat exchanger. 1. A diesel reformer system comprising:a diesel autothermal reforming unit;a post-reforming unit disposed downstream of the autothermal reforming unit;a heat exchanger disposed downstream of the post-reforming unit; anda desulfurization unit disposed downstream of the heat exchanger.2. The diesel reformer system of claim 1 , wherein the diesel autothermal reforming unit comprises a noble metal catalyst.3. The diesel reformer system of claim 1 , wherein the diesel post-reforming unit comprises a noble metal catalyst claim 1 , a transition metal catalyst claim 1 , or combinations thereof.4. The diesel reformer system of claim 1 , wherein the desulfurization unit comprises a ZnO catalyst.5. The diesel reformer system of claim 1 , wherein the diesel autothermal reforming unit claim 1 , the post-reforming unit claim 1 , the heat exchanger claim 1 , and the desulfurization unit are incorporated into a single reactor unit.6. A method of diesel reforming comprising: a Steam to Carbon Ratio (SCR) greater than 1, wherein SCR=Steam feed/total Carbon in diesel fuel feed, and', {'sub': '2', 'an Oxygen to Carbon Ratio (OCR) less than 1, wherein OCR═Oinput from air feed/total Carbon in diesel fuel feed;'}], 'introducing one or more feed streams to a diesel autothermal reforming unit to at least partially convert the one or more feed streams to a diesel reformate, wherein the one or more feed streams comprising diesel fuel, air, and steam, and wherein the one or more feed streams comprise{'sub': 2', '5, 'introducing the diesel reformate to a post-reforming unit disposed downstream of the diesel autothermal reforming unit, wherein the post-reforming ...

METHOD AND A STARTING MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A HYDROGEN PERMEABLE MEMBRANE AND A HYDROGEN PERMEABLE MEMBRANE

Method for the manufacture of a hydrogen-permeable membrane having a thickness of not greater than 30 μm. The method includes plasma spraying at least one dense layer on a porous substrate such that during the plasma spraying, one sweep of a process beam deposits material particles over the substrate in a form of individual splats which do not produce a cohesive layer and said material particles include a proton-conducting ceramic material and an electron-conducting metallic component. The plasma spraying is LPPS-TF that utilizes a spraying distance of between 200 mm and 2000 mm, a sprayable powder starting material having a particle size range between 1 and 80 μm and containing the proton-conducting ceramic material and the electron-conducting metallic component and a process beam dispersing the sprayable powder starting material to a cloud. 1. A method for the manufacture of a hydrogen-permeable membrane having a thickness of not greater than 30 μm , comprising:plasma spraying at least one dense layer on a porous substrate such that during the plasma spraying, one sweep of a process beam deposits material particles over the substrate in a form of individual splats which do not produce a cohesive layer and said material particles include a proton-conducting ceramic material and an electron-conducting metallic component,wherein the plasma spraying is a low pressure plasma spraying thin film (LPPS-TF) process that utilizes:a spraying distance defined between an outlet nozzle and the substrate that is between 200 mm and 2000 mm;a sprayable powder starting material having a particle size range between 1 and 80 μm and containing the proton-conducting ceramic material and the electron-conducting metallic component; anda process beam dispersing the sprayable powder starting material to a cloud,wherein said membrane has a hydrogen flow rate greater than 10 milliliters per minute and square centimeter.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the proton-conducting ceramic material ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

METHOD FOR SELECTIVE ABSORPTION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE FROM A GASEOUS EFFLUENT BY A 1,2-BIS(2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHOXY)ETHANE-BASED ABSORBENT SOLUTION COMPRISING A VISCOSIFYING AGENT

The invention relates to a method of selectively removing hydrogen sulfide HS from a gaseous effluent comprising at least HS and CO, wherein a stage of selective absorption of hydrogen sulfide over COis carried out by contacting said effluent with a solution comprising (a) water and (b) at least the following diamine: 1. A method of selectively removing hydrogen sulfide contained in a gaseous effluent comprising CO , wherein a stage of selective absorption of the hydrogen sulfide over the COis carried out by contacting said effluent with an absorbent solution comprising (a) water and (b) at least 1 ,2-bis(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethane , and wherein the absorption selectivity is controlled by adding a proportion of a viscosifying compound (c) to said absorbent solution.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the absorption selectivity is controlled by adding less than 20% by weight of the absorbent solution claim 1 , preferably less than 5 wt. % claim 1 , more preferably less than 1 wt. % and still more preferably less than 0.3 wt. % of a viscosifying compound to the absorbent solution so as to increase the dynamic viscosity of the absorbent solution by at least 20% claim 1 , preferably at least 40% and more preferably at least 80% claim 1 , in relation to the same absorbent solution without said viscosifying compound3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said viscosifying compound is selected from the group consisting of:polyols and their copolymers,polyethers and their copolymers,ethylene oxide copolymers terminated with hydrophobic motifs attached to the ethylene oxide groups by urethane groups,partly or totally hydrolyzed polyacrylamides and their copolymers,polymers or copolymers comprising monomer units of acrylic, methacrylic, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, N-vinylpyridine, N-vinylpyrrolidinone, N-vinylimidazole type,linear, substituted or branched linear polysaccharides,and mixtures thereof.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said viscosifying ...

METHOD AND PLANT FOR GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS

Method and plant for generating a synthesis gas which consists mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and has been freed of acid gases, proceeding from a hydrocarbonaceous fuel, and air and steam, wherein low-temperature fractionation separates air into an oxygen stream, a tail gas stream and a nitrogen stream, wherein the tail gas stream and the nitrogen stream are at ambient temperature and the nitrogen stream is at elevated pressure, wherein the hydrocarbonaceous fuel, having been mixed with the oxygen stream and steam at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, is converted to a synthesis gas by a method known to those skilled in the art, and wherein acid gas is subsequently separated therefrom by low-temperature absorption in an absorption column, wherein the nitrogen stream generated in the fractionation of air is passed through and simultaneously cooled in an expansion turbine and then used to cool either the absorbent or the coolant circulating in the coolant circuit of the compression refrigeration plant. 110-. (canceled)11. A method of generating a synthesis gas which consists essentially of carbon monoxide and hydrogen and has been purified of acid gases , proceeding from a hydrocarbonaceous fuel , and air and steam , wherein low-temperature fractionation separates air into an oxygen stream , a tail gas stream and a nitrogen stream , wherein the tail gas stream and the nitrogen stream are at ambient temperature and the nitrogen stream is at elevated pressure , wherein the hydrocarbonaceous fuel , having been mixed with the oxygen stream and steam at elevated temperature and elevated pressure , is converted to a synthesis gas by a method known to those skilled in the art , and wherein acid gas is subsequently separated therefrom by low-temperature absorption in an absorption column , wherein the absorbent is cooled by means of a compression refrigeration plant , wherein the nitrogen stream generated by low-temperature fractionation of air is passed ...

Method and Apparatus for Reducing CO2 in a Stream by Conversion to a Syngas for Production of Energy

A system and method for producing Syngas from the COin a gaseous stream, such as an exhaust stream, from a power plant or industrial plant, like a cement kiln, is disclosed. A preferred embodiment includes providing the gaseous stream to pyrolysis reactor along with a carbon source such as coke. The COand carbon are heated to about 1330° C. and at about one atmosphere with reactants such as steam such that a reaction takes place that produces Syngas, carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen (H). The Syngas is then cleaned and provided to a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor to produce Ethanol or Bio-catalytic synthesis reactor. 1. An apparatus for producing syngas that reduces an amount of carbon dioxide in a gaseous stream , the apparatus comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a reaction chamber, said reaction chamber selected to be one of a pyrolysis reactor, a conventional gasifier or a plasma arc gasifier and wherein said reaction chamber includes a input line for receiving a gaseous stream provided by a source separate from said reaction chamber, and said reaction chamber capable of operating at a preferred temperature of about 1330° C. and up to about 2000° C. and a pressure of about one bar or greater and capable of supporting a reaction in said reaction chamber to form syngas comprising carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H), and carbon dioxide (CO);'}a source of carbonaceous material provided as a feed to said reaction chamber;{'sub': '2', 'a source of HO provided as a feed to said reaction chamber;'}{'sub': '2', 'a selected one of a power plant or an industrial plant capable of providing said gaseous stream from said separate source as a feed to said reaction chamber at said input line, said gaseous stream being a gaseous exhaust containing between about 30% to about 45% carbon dioxide (CO);'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'said reaction chamber further capable of supporting a reaction that consists essentially of said carbonaceous material, said HO and said carbon dioxide (CO) in ...

PROCESS FOR SULFUR REMOVAL FROM REFINERY OFF GAS

Organic sulfur compounds contained in refinery off gas streams having either high ort low concentrations of olefins are converted to hydrogen sulfides which can be then be removed using conventional amine treating systems. The process uses a catalytic reactor with or without a hydrotreater depending on the olefin concentration of the off gas stream. The catalytic reactor operates in a hydrogenation mode or an oxidation mode to convert a majority of organic sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfides. 1. A process for the removal of sulfur compounds comprising hydrogen sulfide (HS) and organic sulfur compounds from a refinery off gas feed stream containing hydrogen and a low concentration of olefins , the process comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a) removing at least a portion of the HS from the feed stream by passing the feed stream through an amine absorber to produce a HS depleted stream;'}{'sub': '2', 'b) feeding a first portion of the HS depleted stream into a catalytic reactor with the addition of oxygen to produce a hot effluent stream exiting the catalytic reactor at a temperature of between about 340° C. and 450° C.;'}{'sub': '2', 'c) feeding a second portion of the HS depleted stream into the hot effluent stream exiting the catalytic reactor to form a preheated combined stream, wherein the first portion and second portion are mixed in quantities such that the combined stream is fed into a hydrotreater to maintain the temperature of the hydrotreater to between about 340° C. and 450° C. at the pressure employed;'}d) converting a majority of the organic sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide in the hydrotreater;e) cooling the product gas stream exiting the hydrotreater; and{'sub': '2', 'f) feeding the cooled product gas stream to an amine sulfur removal system to remove the HS and produce a hydrocarbon product stream.'}2. The process of wherein the refinery off gas feed stream has a concentration of olefins of about 3% or less.3. The process of wherein more than 60% of ...

Method for syngas separation at hydrogen producing facilities for carbon capture and storage

Methods and systems for gas separation of syngas applying differences in water solubilities of syngas components, the method including producing a product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon fuel source; separating hydrogen from the product gas to create a hydrogen product stream and a byproduct stream by solubilizing components in water that are more soluble in water than hydrogen; injecting the byproduct stream into a reservoir containing mafic rock; and allowing components of the byproduct stream to react in situ with components of the mafic rock to precipitate and store components of the byproduct stream in the reservoir.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM HYDROCARBONS WITH NEAR ZERO GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

Methods and systems for producing hydrogen substantially without greenhouse gas emissions, the method including producing a product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon fuel source; separating hydrogen from the product gas to create a hydrogen product stream and a byproduct stream; injecting the byproduct stream into a reservoir containing mafic rock; and allowing components of the byproduct stream to react in situ with components of the mafic rock to precipitate and store components of the byproduct stream in the reservoir. 1. A method for producing hydrogen substantially without greenhouse gas emissions , the method comprising the steps of:producing a product gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon fuel source;separating hydrogen from the product gas to create a hydrogen product stream and a byproduct stream;injecting the byproduct stream into a reservoir containing mafic rock; andallowing components of the byproduct stream to react in situ with components of the mafic rock to precipitate and store components of the byproduct stream in the reservoir.2. The method according to claim 1 , where the mafic rock comprises basaltic rock.3. The method according to claim 1 , where before the step of injecting the byproduct stream into the reservoir claim 1 , the byproduct stream is further treated to separate and purify COfrom other components to increase COconcentration of the byproduct stream for injection into the reservoir.4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising the step of liquefying COin the byproduct stream for injection into the reservoir.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of mixing the byproduct stream with water claim 1 , the byproduct stream comprising HS.6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of reacting the separated hydrogen with nitrogen to form compressed liquid ammonia.7. The method according to claim 6 , further comprising the steps of ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING A SOUR SYNTHESIS GAS

Processes and apparatuses for treating a sour synthesis gas are provided. The process comprises passing the sour synthesis gas stream to an acid gas removal unit to provide a treated synthesis gas stream and a COrich stream. At least a portion of the COrich stream is passed to a thermal oxidizer unit to provide a treated COgas stream. At least a portion of the treated synthesis gas stream is passed to a pressure swing adsorption unit to obtain a purified hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream. At least a portion of the tail gas stream is passed to the thermal oxidizer unit. 1. An integrated process for treating a sour synthesis gas and recovering one or more acidic gases comprising HS , COS and COpresent in the sour synthesis gas , the process comprising:{'sub': '2', '(a) passing a sour synthesis gas stream to an acid gas removal unit to provide a treated synthesis gas stream and a COrich stream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(b) passing at least a portion of the COrich stream to a thermal oxidizer unit to provide a treated COgas stream;'}(c) passing at least a portion of the treated synthesis gas stream to a pressure swing adsorption unit to obtain a purified hydrogen stream and a tail gas stream; and(d) passing at least a portion of the tail gas stream to the thermal oxidizer unit.2. The process of further comprising passing a flue gas produced in the thermal oxidizer unit to a waste heat recovery unit.3. The process of further comprising passing at least a portion of steam recovered from the waste heat recovery unit to the acid gas removal unit.4. The process of further comprising obtaining a hydrogen sulfide rich stream from the acid gas removal unit and passing the hydrogen sulfide rich stream to a sulfur recovery unit to recover one or more sulfur compounds.5. The process of wherein one or more impurities comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen present in the COrich stream are removed via oxidation in the thermal oxidizer unit.6. The process of further comprising obtaining ...

INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING ACID GAS FROM A GAS STREAM

Acid gas compounds are removed from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas. 1. A method for removing acid gases from a gas stream , the method comprising:flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of one or more sulfur compounds from the feed gas, wherein the desulfurization unit produces a desulfurized gas; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'flowing the desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed gas comprises a gas selected from the group consisting of: carbon monoxide (CO) claim 1 , carbon dioxide (CO) claim 1 , hydrogen gas (H) claim 1 , syngas claim 1 , shifted syngas claim 1 , a hydrocarbon (HC) claim 1 , and natural gas; and a combination of two or more of the foregoing.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein flowing the feed gas into the desulfurization unit is done under a condition selected from the group consisting of:in a temperature range of about 400° F. or greater;in a temperature range of about 400° F. to about 1100° F.;in a temperature range of about 100° C. to about 900° C.;in a pressure range of about 1 atm to 100 atm;in a temperature range of about 400° F. or greater and a pressure range of about 1 atm to 100 atm;in a temperature range of about 400° F. to about 1100° F. and a pressure range of about 1 atm to 100 atm; andin a temperature range of about 100° C. to about 900° C. and a pressure range of about 1 atm to 100 atm.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein flowing the desulfurized gas into the COremoval unit is done under a condition selected from the group consisting of:in a temperature range of about −80° F. to about 30° F.;in a ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR WATER GAS SHIFT WITH REDUCED STEAM CONSUMPTION

A water gas shift reaction is carried out on a feed gas comprising carbon monoxide to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. The feed gas is split into multiple input streams flowed into respective reactors coupled in series. Steam is supplied to the input stream fed to the first reactor. The shift reaction is carried out in each reactor, with an overall reduced consumption of steam relative to the amount of gas shifted. The water gas shift reaction may be performed in conjunction with removing acid gas compounds from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas. 1. A method for removing acid gases from a gas stream , the method comprising:flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of a sulfur compound from the feed gas, wherein the desulfurization unit produces a desulfurized feed gas;{'sub': 2', '2, 'flowing the desulfurized feed gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized feed gas; and'}before or after desulfurizing the feed gas, subjecting the feed gas to a water-gas shift reaction by:splitting a flow of feed gas comprising carbon monoxide (CO) into a plurality of feed gas streams comprising at least a first feed gas stream, a second feed gas stream, and a third feed gas stream;combining the first feed gas stream with a steam stream to produce a first input gas stream;flowing the first input gas stream into a first shift reactor containing a first shift catalyst;{'sub': 2', '2, 'reacting the CO with the steam in the presence of the first shift catalyst to produce a first product gas stream comprising carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrogen (H);'}combining the first product gas stream with the second feed gas stream to produce a ...

Process for producing a synthesis gas

Process for manufacturing a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas from a natural gas feedstock, comprising the conversion of said natural gas into a raw product gas and purification of said product gas, the process having a heat input provided by combustion of a fuel; said process comprises a step of conversion of a carbonaceous feedstock, and at least a portion of said fuel is a gaseous fuel obtained by said step of conversion of said carbonaceous feedstock.

PROCESS FOR SULFUR REMOVAL FROM REFINERY OFF GAS

Organic sulfur compounds contained in refinery off gas streams having either high ort low concentrations of olefins are converted to hydrogen sulfides which can be then be removed using conventional amine treating systems. The process uses a catalytic reactor with or without a hydrotreater depending on the olefin concentration of the off gas stream. The catalytic reactor operates in a hydrogenation mode or an oxidation mode to convert a majority of organic sulfur compounds into hydrogen sulfides. 18-. (canceled)9. A process for the removal of HS and organic sulfur compounds from a refinery off gas feed stream containing at least hydrogen , and a high concentration of olefins comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a) removing at least a portion of the HS from the feed stream by passing the feed stream through an amine absorber to produce a HS depleted stream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b) feeding the HS depleted stream into a catalytic reactor at a temperature between 340° C. and 450° C. to convert a majority of the organic sulfur compounds to HS at the pressure employed;'}c) cooling the product gas stream exiting the catalytic reactor; and{'sub': '2', 'd) feeding the cooled product gas stream to an amine sulfur removal system to remove the HS and produce a product gas stream.'}10. The process of wherein the catalytic reactor is a dual mode reactor capable of operating in a hydrogenation mode or an oxidation mode at space velocities of greater than 10 claim 9 ,000 hr.11. The process of wherein the catalytic reactor employs a catalyst that contains a group VIII metal.12. The process of wherein the HS depleted stream has a pressure of 10 bar or greater and the catalytic reactor operates without the addition of oxygen.13. A process for the removal of HS and organic sulfur compounds from a refinery off gas feed stream containing hydrogen claim 9 , carbon oxides and olefins comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a) removing at least a portion of the HS from the feed stream by passing the feed stream ...

ABSORBER COLUMN AND PROCESS FOR CLEANING CRUDE SYNTHESIS GAS

The invention relates to an absorber column and to the use thereof for separation of unwanted, especially acidic, gas constituents, for example carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, from a crude synthesis gas by absorption with an absorbent, especially under low load states of the absorber column in relation to the synthesis gas velocity. According to the invention, a defined concentration of carbon dioxide in the clean synthesis gas is established by mixing at least a portion of the absorbent regenerated by flash regeneration with the absorbent regenerated by means of hot regeneration prior to the recycling thereof into the absorber column. 116.-. (canceled)17. An absorber column for production of a clean synthesis gas by at least partial separation of carbon dioxide and sulfur compound from a crude synthesis gas comprising hydrogen , carbon oxides and sulfur compounds , by absorbing with an absorbent , the absorber column comprising:a shell which extends along a longitudinal axis that runs parallel to the vertical and encloses an inner space, wherein the inner space comprises an upper absorption region and a lower absorption region, each of which contains at least one mass transfer zone, wherein the mass transfer zones of the upper absorption region serve predominantly for removal of carbon dioxide and wherein the mass transfer zones of the lower absorption region serve predominantly for removal of sulfur compounds,an inlet disposed below the lowermost mass transfer zone of the lower absorption region for the crude synthesis gas,an outlet disposed at the top end of the shell for the clean synthesis gas,an outlet disposed at the lower end of the upper absorption region for a first fraction of the laden absorbent laden with carbon dioxide,a first regeneration apparatus for the regeneration of the first fraction of the laden absorbent by expansion,an outlet disposed at the bottom end of the shell for a second fraction of the laden absorbent laden with sulfur compounds ...

Sulfur Resistant Nickel Based Catalysts, Methods of Forming and Using Such Catalysts

Nickel based catalyst structures are described herein that include a plurality of metal oxides formed as crystalline phases within the catalyst structures. Each metal oxide of a catalyst structure includes nickel and/or aluminum, where one or more metal oxides includes a nickel aluminum oxide, and the one or more nickel aluminum oxides is greater than 50% by weight of the catalyst structure. The catalyst structures further have surface areas of at least 13 m 2 /g. The catalyst structures are resistant to high concentrations of sulfur and are effective in reforming operations for converting methane and other light hydrocarbons to hydrogen and one or more other components. For example, the catalyst structures are effective in coal and biomass gasification systems for the forming and cleanup of synthetic gas.

PROCESS FOR PURIFYING SYNTHESIS GAS BY WASHING WITH AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF AMINES

The invention relates to a process for purifying synthesis gas, comprising at least one stage for separating the crude synthesis gas to be treated into at least two effluents, namely a first part and a complementary part, in which the said first part is subjected to a carbon monoxide conversion stage with steam and the said complementary part is subjected to a COS and HCN catalytic hydrolysis stage, the two gas flows, namely the first part and complementary part, are then each treated separately in two stages intended to remove acid gases such as COand HS, by washing with aqueous solutions of specific amines, before a recombination stage of the two treated effluents. 1. Process for the purification of synthesis gas , comprising at least the following stages:a) a stage for dividing the synthesis gas into at least a first synthesis gas flow and a second synthesis gas flow of the same composition,{'sub': 2', '2, 'b1) a stage for the steam conversion of the carbon monoxide of the first synthesis gas flow leaving the stage a), in order to produce a gaseous effluent containing at least hydrogen Hand carbon dioxide COand less than 15% volume (vol. %) of carbon monoxide CO,'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b2) a stage for the removal of the acid gases from the gaseous effluent leaving the stage b1) by contacting the said effluent with an aqueous solution of amines comprising at least one primary and/or secondary amine, mixed or not with at least one tertiary amine or a secondary amine containing at least one quaternary carbon atom in the α or alpha position of the nitrogen atom or two tertiary carbon atoms in the α and α′ positions, so as to produce at least one gaseous effluent containing less than 5 vol. % of carbon dioxide CO, and less than 50 ppm by volume of HS,'}c1) a stage for the catalytic hydrolysis of the COS and HCN present in the second synthesis gas flow that has not undergone the conversion reaction of carbon monoxide with steam, in order to produce a gaseous effluent ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PURIFICATION OF RAW SYNTHESIS GAS

A process for the stepwise separation of accompanying gases from a raw synthesis gas stream by a liquid absorbent countercurrently guided through all process steps and circulated via regeneration plants, wherein either the accompanying gases HS, COS and COare separated in a common absorption step or, in one of the selective absorption steps chiefly HS and COS are separated and in the next step in flow direction of the gas chiefly COis separated, and in the last step a separation of accompanying gas residues (fine wash) is effected, wherein before the separation of HS and COS an absorption step chiefly for the separation of aromatics and subsequently an absorption step chiefly for the separation of methyl mercaptan is carried out. 111- (canceled)12. A process for the stepwise separation of accompanying gases from a raw synthesis gas stream by a liquid absorbent countercurrently guided through all process steps and circulated via regeneration plants , wherein HS , COS and COare separated in an absorption step , and in the next step in flow direction of the gas a separation of accompanying gas residues is effected , wherein before the separation of HS , COS and CO , the process further comprises an absorption step configured for the removal of aromatics followed by an absorption step configured for the separation of methyl mercaptan.13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the contact between the raw synthesis gas and the absorbent is effected via packed beds and/or via structured packings.14. The process according to claim 12 , wherein methanol is used as absorbent.15. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the absorption is carried out at a pressure between 20 and 40 bar.16. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the separation of COin the regeneration plants is effected by lowering the pressure in the absorbent and/or by stripping with nitrogen.17. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the separation of the mercaptans claim 12 , the HS and COS ...

INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING ACID GAS FROM A GAS STREAM

Acid gas compounds are removed from a process gas such as, for example, syngas or natural gas, by flowing a feed gas into a desulfurization unit to remove a substantial fraction of sulfur compounds from the feed gas and flowing the resulting desulfurized gas into a COremoval unit to remove a substantial fraction of COfrom the desulfurized gas. 1. A gas processing system , comprising: the adsorber unit is configured to flow a feed gas into contact with a flowing sorbent stream comprising a solid particulate sorbent to remove one or more sulfur compounds from the feed gas, and output a desulfurized gas and a sulfided sorbent; and', 'the regenerator unit is configured to produce a regenerated sorbent from the sulfided sorbent, and flow the regenerated sorbent into the adsorber unit; and, 'a desulfurization unit comprising an adsorber unit in fluid communication with a regenerator unit, wherein{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a COremoval unit positioned downstream from the desulfurization unit, and configured to remove COfrom the desulfurized gas and output a treated gas comprising reduced fractions of sulfur and CO.'}2. The gas processing system of claim 1 , wherein the desulfurization unit is configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent.3. The gas processing system of claim 2 , wherein the adsorber unit comprises a solids separation zone configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent claim 2 , and the adsorber unit is configured to output the desulfurized gas separately from the sulfide sorbent.4. The gas processing system of claim 2 , comprising a solids separator selected from the group consisting of:a solids separator configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent;a solids separator configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent, wherein the solids separator is a cyclone separator;a solids separator configured to separate the desulfurized gas from the sulfided sorbent, wherein the ...

DIRECT OXIDATION OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN A HYDROPROCESSING RECYLCE GAS STREAM WITH HYDROGEN PURIFICATION

A process and system for treating a hydroprocessing unit effluent gas stream for recycling includes introducing the effluent gas stream into a hydrogen purification zone and recovering a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a liquid stream containing a mixture that includes C1 to C4 hydrocarbons and HS which is then mixed with an oxidant and fed to an oxidation unit containing catalyst for conversion of the HS to elemental sulfur vapors that is separated for recovery of the elemental sulfur, and recovering a sweetened mixture that includes C1 to C4 hydrocarbons. Alternatively, the hydroprocessing unit effluent gas stream containing HS is cooled, contacted with a solvent to absorb the C1 to C4 hydrocarbons and HS, with the hydrogen-rich stream being recovered for recycling to the hydroprocessing unit, and the rich liquid solvent being flashed to produce a lean solvent stream for recycling to the adsorption zone and a mixed gas stream that includes the C1 to C4 hydrocarbons and HS that is passed to an oxidation zone and is reacted with an oxidant in the presence of a catalyst to complete the process as described above for the recovery of elemental sulfur and a mixture that includes the sweetened C1 to C4 hydrocarbons. 1. An integrated process for the treatment of a hydrocarbon hydroprocessing unit recycle gas stream , the process comprising:a. mixing a sulfur-containing heavy hydrocarbon liquid feedstock with hydrogen gas to produce a combined feedstream and introducing the combined feedstream into a hydrocracking unit;b. hydroprocessing the combined feedstream to produce a hydroprocessing unit effluent stream;c. passing the effluent stream to a gas/liquid separator and removing a liquid effluent stream and a gaseous effluent stream from the separator;{'sub': '2', 'd. introducing the gaseous effluent stream into a hydrogen purification unit to produce a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a hydrogen-lean stream comprising a mixture of C1to C4 hydrocarbons and HS;'}{'sub': '2', 'e. ...

GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE

A gas purification device removes a part of ammonia contained in a first gas; recovers a first off-gas containing the removed ammonia, removes hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from a second gas produced by removing the part of ammonia, recovers a second off-gas containing the removed hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, and combusts the first off-gas and the second off-gas. The gas purification device includes: a first combustion chamber in which combustion is performed in a reducing atmosphere; a second combustion chamber in which combustion is performed in a reducing atmosphere downstream of the first combustion chamber; and a third combustion chamber in which combustion is performed in an oxidizing atmosphere downstream of the second combustion chamber. The first off-gas flows into the first combustion chamber and the second off-gas flows into the third combustion chamber. 1. A gas purification device for purifying a first gas containing ammonia and hydrogen sulfide , comprising:an ammonia removal part configured to remove a part of ammonia contained in the first gas from the first gas;a first off-gas recovery part configured to recover a first off-gas containing ammonia removed by the ammonia removal part;a hydrogen sulfide/ammonia removal part configured to remove hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from a second gas produced by removing the part of ammonia by the ammonia removal part;a second off-gas recovery part configured to recover a second off-gas containing hydrogen sulfide and ammonia removed by the hydrogen sulfide/ammonia removal part; anda combustion part configured to combust the first off-gas and the second off-gas, a first combustion chamber in which combustion is performed in a reducing atmosphere;', 'a second combustion chamber in which combustion is performed in a reducing atmosphere downstream of the first combustion chamber; and', 'a third combustion chamber in which combustion is performed in an oxidizing atmosphere downstream of the second combustion chamber ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR REMOVAL OF ACIDIC GAS CONSTITUENTS FROM SYNTHESIS GAS CONTAINING METAL CARBONYLS

The invention relates to a process for removal of unwanted, in particular acidic, gas constituents, for example carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, from a crude synthesis gas containing metal carbonyls by gas scrubbing with a scrubbing medium. According to the invention water is added directly into the feed conduit of the methanol water mixture containing metal sulfides before the introduction thereof into the methanol-water separating column and/or water is injected directly into the methanol-water separating column at at least one point. This avoids deposits or encrustations of metal sulfide particles in the methanol-water separating column. 110.-. (canceled)12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein in process step e) the addition of water is carried out such that the residence time of the obtained mixture in the feed conduit before introduction into the methanol-water separating column is sufficient to bring about a transferral of the metal sulfides from a methanol-rich environment to a water-rich environment of at least 50%.13. The process according to claim 11 , wherein in process step e) the addition point of the water into the feed conduit of the methanol sub-stream containing water and metal sulfides and depleted in acidic gas constituents is arranged such that a residence time of at least 5 s before entry into the methanol-water separating column is maintained claim 11 , wherein the flow rate of the methanol-water mixture in the feed conduit is between 0.5 and 2.0 m/s.14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein in process step e) the addition point of the water into the feed conduit of the methanol sub-stream containing water and metal sulfides and depleted in acidic gas constituents is located at least 5 m upstream of the methanol-water separating column.15. The process according to claim 11 , wherein in process step f) the added amount of water is between 3% and 50% of the amount of feed to the methanol-water separating column.16. The process ...

Method and apparatus for producing methane from carbonaceous material

A method for producing methane ( 69 ) from a carbonaceous ( 22 ) material includes conveying pulverized carbonaceous material ( 28 ) entrained in an inert carrier fluid, such as carbon dioxide ( 36 ), into a reactor ( 34 ). The reactor ( 34 ) includes a vortex region ( 72 ) for receiving hydrogen gas ( 38 ) and imparting a swirling motion to the hydrogen gas ( 38 ). The pulverized carbonaceous material ( 28 ) is exposed to the swirling stream of hydrogen gas ( 38 ) in a first reaction zone ( 114 ) within the reactor ( 34 ) to form an exit gas ( 40 ) that includes methane ( 69 ). Remaining unreacted carbonaceous material ( 28 ) is further exposed to the hydrogen gas ( 38 ) in a second, low velocity, reaction zone ( 120 ). The methane rich exit gas ( 40 ) is subsequently extracted from the reactor ( 34 ) for further processing.

Selective Removal and Recovery of Acid Gases from Gasification Products

Processes and apparatuses are described for the selective removal and recovery of acid gases from a gas source comprising at least hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. A step-wise approach is illustrated wherein hydrogen sulfide may be selectively removed from a gas source by treatment with methanol under conditions where substantially all the hydrogen sulfide may be removed. The partially purified gas source may then be provided with a second treatment with methanol under conditions which selectively remove carbon dioxide from the gas stream. Such methods are generally applicable to any gas source comprising at least hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, for example, a gas source produced from the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material, the combustion of a carbonaceous material, or the oxy-blown gasification of a carbonaceous material.

Sour Shift Process for the Removal of Carbon Monoxide from a Gas Stream

Processes for the catalytic conversion of a carbonaceous composition into a gas stream comprising methane are provided, where a sour shift reaction is used to remove carbon monoxide gas stream produced by the gasification process. The incorporation of the sour shift reaction provides an efficient and cost-effective means of eliminating carbon monoxide from the gas stream. In addition, the sour shift reaction also generates additional hydrogen, thus increasing the amount of hydrogen produced from the gasification process.

Processes for the Separation of Methane from a Gas Stream

Processes for the catalytic conversion of a carbonaceous composition into a gas stream comprising methane are provided. In addition, the processes provide for the generation of a hydrogen-enriched gas stream and, optionally, a carbon monoxide-enriched gas stream, which can be mixed or used separately as an energy source for subsequent catalytic gasification processes.

Process and Apparatus for the Separation of Methane from a Gas Stream

Processes for conversion of a carbonaceous composition into a gas stream comprising methane are provided, where an energy-efficient process and/or apparatus is used to separate methane out of a gas stream comprising methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. Particularly, methane can be separated from hydrogen and carbon monoxide using novel processes and/or apparatuses that generate methane hydrates. Because hydrogen and carbon monoxide do not readily form hydrates, the methane is separated from a gas stream. The methane can be captured as a substantially pure stream of methane gas by dissociating the methane from the hydrate and separating out any residual water vapor.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Processes for Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular, methane via the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam. The processes comprise using at least one methanation step to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous products to methane and do not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the catalytic gasifier.

Processes for Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes and continuous processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular, methane via the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam. In one aspect of the invention, the processes comprise at least partially combusting a first carbonaceous feedstock with an oxygen-rich gas stream, a recycle steam stream, and an aqueous make-up stream in an oxygen-blown gasifier, under suitable temperature and pressure, to generate a first gas stream comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and superheated steam; and reacting a second carbonaceous feedstock and the first gas stream in a catalytic gasifier in the presence of a gasification catalyst under suitable temperature and pressure to form a second gas stream comprising a plurality of gaseous products comprising methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. The processes can comprise using at least one catalytic methanator to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous products to methane and in certain embodiments do not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the gasifier. Heat energy recovered from the catalytic gasification can be used to generate the recycle steam stream.

Processes for Hydromethanation of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of steam, syngas, a hydromethanation catalyst and an oxygen-rich gas stream.

Processes for Hydromethanation of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a hydromethanation catalyst.

Processes for hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular a hydrogen product stream and optionally a methane product stream, via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a hydromethanation catalyst.

Integrated hydromethanation combined cycle process

The present invention relates to an integrated process for preparing combustible gaseous products via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, a hydromethanation catalyst and optionally oxygen, and generating electrical power from those combustible gaseous products as well as a hydrogen and/or methane by-product stream.

Integrated hydromethanation combined cycle process

The present invention relates to an integrated process for preparing combustible gaseous products via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, a hydromethanation catalyst and optionally oxygen, and generating electrical power from those combustible gaseous products.

Two-mode process for hydrogen production

The present invention relates to a 2-mode processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular a hydrogen product stream, via the hydromethanation of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a hydromethanation catalyst in a first mode, and a partial oxidation of methane in a second mode.

Integrated enhanced oil recovery process

The present invention relates to an enhanced oil recovery process that is integrated with a synthesis gas generation process, such as gasification or methane reforming, involving combined capture and recycle of carbon dioxide from both processes.

Integrated enhanced oil recovery process

The present invention relates to an enhanced oil recovery process that is integrated with a synthesis gas generation process, such as gasification or reforming, and an air separation process for generating (i) an oxygen stream for use, for example, in the syngas process or a combustion process, and (ii) a nitrogen stream for EOR use.

Integrated Hydromethanation Fuel Cell Power Generation

The present invention relates to processes and apparatuses for generating electrical power from certain non-gaseous carbonaceous feedstocks through the integration of catalytic hydromethanation technology with fuel cell technology.

Patent FR2295782B1

Process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream

A process for producing a purified synthesis gas stream from a carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising the steps of (a) partial oxidation of the carbonaceous feedstock with a molecular oxygen comprising gas to obtain a synthesis gas comprising water, hydrogen sulphide, and carbon dioxide besides the main constituents carbon monoxide and hydrogen, (b) mixing the synthesis gas and methanol and reducing the temperature of said mixture and separating a liquid methanol-water mixture from the cooled gaseous synthesis gas, (c) contacting the cooled synthesis gas obtained in step (b) with methanol to decrease the content of hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide in the synthesis gas, thereby obtaining a rich methanol stream comprising hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide and a synthesis gas stream depleted in hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide; (d) regenerating the rich methanol stream of step (c) by separating from the rich methanol a carbon dioxide fraction and a hydrogen sulphide fraction such to obtain lean methanol, which lean methanol is used as the methanol in step (b) and (c), and wherein (e) part of the methanol in the methanol-water mixture is isolated and reused in the steps (b) and/or (c) and wherein, (f ) another part of the methanol as present in the methanol-water mixture obtained in step (b) is recycled to step (a) under conditions such that methanol is converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

制备含烯烃产品或汽油产品的方法

由固体含碳原料制备含烯烃产品或汽油产品的方法，该方法通过下述步骤进行：(a)将含氧气体和含碳原料进料到向反应器容器内点火的燃烧器中，所述燃烧器优选水平放置，(b)在所述燃烧器内使含碳原料部分氧化，获得热的合成气物流和液体炉渣，(c)通过与液体含水冷却介质直接接触，冷却热的合成气，(e)对至少一部分合成气进行水煤气变换反应，获得合成气流出物，(g)使用步骤(e)的合成气流出物进行含氧化合物的合成，获得含甲醇和/或二甲醚的含氧化合物流出物和第一液体富含水的副产品，(h)将含氧化合物流出物转化成含烯烃产品或汽油产品和第二液体富含水的副产品，其中在步骤(c)中使用至少一部分第一和/或第二液体富含水的副产品，形成至少一部分液体含水冷却介质。