СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ И ГАЗООБРАЗНЫЙ ПРОДУКТ

Изобретение относится к переработке отходов, включающих органические компоненты и радиоактивные агенты. Способ переработки отходов включает газифицирование отходов, включающих органические компоненты и радиоактивные агенты, которые представляют собой радиоактивные агенты с низким и/или средним уровнем активности, в реакторе с псевдоожиженным слоем при температуре от 600 до 950°С с помощью воздуха, так что коэффициент избытка воздуха составляет ниже 1, с получением газообразного материала, охлаждение газообразного материала путем быстрого охлаждения водой так, что температура после охлаждения составляет от 300 до 500°С, и удаление твердой фракции, включающей радиоактивные агенты, из газообразного материала на стадии очистки газа с получением переработанного газообразного материала. Изобретение обеспечивает эффективную в отношении затрат средств и энергии переработку загрязненных отходов. 4 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил.

УЛУЧШЕННАЯ ГАЗИФИКАЦИЯ УГЛЯ

FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: gasifier for producing synthesis gas comprises an upper gasification zone in a fluidized bed, which has inlets to allow the introduction of materials selected from the group consisting of carbon, fine carbon particles of greater than 75 micrometers and less than 10 mm in size, gas and steam in fluid communication through a venturi nozzle with the lower gasification zone in co-current which has inlets to allow the introduction of materials selected from the group consisting of coal, fine coal particles of less than 75 micrometers in size, gas and steam. EFFECT: increased efficiency of gasification, lower costs. 16 cl, 1 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 628 390 C2 (51) МПК C10J 3/46 (2006.01) C10J 3/54 (2006.01) C10J 3/56 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2015129477, 18.12.2012 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 18.12.2012 (72) Автор(ы): У, Лун (CN), ДЭН, Юньхой (CN) (73) Патентообладатель(и): ЛИНДЕ АКЦИЕНГЕЗЕЛЛЬШАФТ (DE) Дата регистрации: (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: EP 0050905 A1, 05.05.1982. Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 18.12.2012 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 23.01.2017 Бюл. № 3 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 20.07.2015 (86) Заявка PCT: CN 2012/086808 (18.12.2012) (87) Публикация заявки PCT: C 2 R U (54) УЛУЧШЕННАЯ ГАЗИФИКАЦИЯ УГЛЯ (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к газификации угля для производства синтез-газа. Газификатор для производства синтез-газа содержит верхнюю зону газификации в псевдоожиженном слое, которая имеет впуски, чтобы предоставить введение материалов, выбранных из группы, состоящей из угля, мелких частиц угля больше чем 75 микрометров и меньше чем 10 мм в размере, газа и пара, в сообщении по текучей среде через сопло Стр.: 1 C 2 Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, 25, строение 3, ООО "Юридическая фирма ...

ОГНЕУПОРНАЯ ПЛИТКА, В ЧАСТНОСТИ, ДЛЯ ГАЗОГЕНЕРАТОРА

Изобретение относится к области огнеупорных материалов. Огнеупорная плитка для защиты внутренней стенки реактора газогенератора имеет линию выравнивания из двух мест крепления. Причем любые два соседних места крепления на указанной линии выравнивания отстоят друг от друга на постоянном расстоянии А. Первое место крепления и последнее место крепления на указанной линии выравнивания отстоят друг от друга в направлении указанной линии на расстояния α1 и α2 от первого края и второго края указанной плитки, ближе всего проходящих к первому месту крепления и последнему месту крепления. При этом величина A-(α1+α2) находится в пределах от 2 до 10 мм. Огнеупорная футеровка для защиты внутренней стенки реактора газогенератора содержит набор из огнеупорных плиток, прикрепленных к крепежным элементам, закрепленным на стенке. При этом указанная футеровка содержит, по меньшей мере, одну плитку. Технический результат заключается в усилении защиты, обеспечиваемой огнеупорной футеровкой. 2 н. 18 з.п. ф-лы ...

СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА РЕЦИКЛИРОВАНИЯ

... 1. Способ рециклирования, включающий стадии избирательного сжигания углеродного компонента в материале; пиролиза и газификации материала посредством использования теплоты сгорания в указанном процессе сжигания в качестве источника теплоты; и подачи пиролизата, полученного в указанном процессе пиролиза и газификации на, по меньшей мере, один процесс, выбранный из процесса нефтепереработки и нефтехимического процесса. 2. Способ рециклирования, включающий стадии избирательного сжигания углеродного компонента в материале; пиролиза и газификации материала посредством использования теплоты сгорания в указанном процессе сжигания в качестве источника теплоты; охлаждения и очистки пиролизата, полученного в указанном процессе пиролиза и газификации; и подачи охлажденного и очищенного пиролизата на, по меньшей мере, один процесс, выбранный из процесса нефтепереработки и нефтехимического процесса. 3. Способ рециклирования, включающий стадии избирательного сжигания углеродного компонента в материале ...

РЕАКТОР С ПСЕВДООЖИЖЕННЫМ СЛОЕМ, ИМЕЮЩИЙ ИМПУЛЬСНЫЕ МОДУЛИ ТЕПЛОПЕРЕНОСА ТИПА ТОПКИ

... 1. Реактор с псевдоожиженным слоем, выполненный для превращения углеродистого материала в получаемый газ, содержащий ! реакционный сосуд, ограничивающий пространство, выполненный для получения псевдоожижаемого углеродистого материала, причем реакционный сосуд имеет, по меньшей мере, первую часть стенки и вторую часть стенки; ! первый модуль теплопереноса, подсоединенный к реакционному сосуду, причем первый модуль теплопереноса содержит первую импульсную топку, подсоединенную к первой акустической камере, имеющей первый торец и второй торец, в котором первая импульсная топка включает в себя, по меньшей мере, одну выхлопную трубу, которая заканчивается в первой акустической камере между первым и вторым торцами; и ! первое множество трубок теплопереноса, выдающихся в указанное пространство, причем каждая трубка из указанного первого множества трубок теплопереноса находится в жидкостном контакте с акустической камерой через указанную часть стенки, в котором ! каждая трубка из указанного множества ...

Vorrichtung zur Vergasung von kohlenstoffhaltigen Feststoffen

Auto-thermal coal gasification - by plunger pumps passing fuel portions to mixing head with gasifying agent

The autothermal gasification of granular fuel, e.g. bituminous coal with oxygen or air and steam or carbon dioxide, uses a mixing head into which the fuel is pumped in portions by several (three) plunger pumps acting against intermittently-operated plug valves. In the mixing head the fuel is mixed with the gasifying agent before being passed through a burner into the gasifier. The process simplifies the conventional fuel charging procedure and enables the gasification to be carried out at higher pressure (200 bar). The throughput is increased and the gas produced is of higher quality.

Verfahren zum Umsetzen von kohlenstoffhaltigem Brennstoff zu einem brennbaren Produktgas

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entgasen von staubfoermigen oder feinkoernigen Brennstoffen

Wirbelschichtvergasungssystem

Wirbelschichtvergasungssystem, das umfasst: einen Wirbelschichtverbrennungsofen (1), um Schichtmaterial (11) durch Verbrennen von Holzkohle (26) zu erhitzen, einen Separator (8), um Schichtmaterial (11) von heißem Fluid von dem Wirbelschichtverbrennungsofen (1) zu trennen, einen Wirbelschichtvergasungsofen (2), in den Rohmaterial (26) eingeleitet wird und in den das in dem Separator (8) getrennte Schichtmaterial (11) über ein Fallrohr (12) eingeleitet wird, wobei das Rohmaterial (26) mittels einer Wirbelschicht (16), der ein Vergasungsmittel zugeführt wird, vergast wird, um Produktionsgas zu entnehmen, und einen Zufuhrströmungsdurchlass (25), um das Schichtmaterial (11) und Holzkohle, die bei der Vergasung des Rohmaterials (26) in dem Wirbelschichtvergasungsofen (2) produziert wird, zu dem Wirbelschichtverbrennungsofen (1) zu leiten, wobei das Wirbelschichtvergasungssystem dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Wirbelschichtvergasungsofen (2) in der Nähe des Wirbelschichtverbrennungsofens ...

Vorrichtung zum Vergasen feinkoerniger Brennstoffe in der Wirbelschicht

Wirbelschichtvergaser

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Reaktor (V) sowie ein Verfahren zur thermischen Vergasung von kohlenstoffhaltigen Feststoffen (F) mit einem Reaktionsraum (R), über dessen Boden Wasserdampf und Sauerstoff eingeleitet werden können, um eine Wirbelschicht (W) aus kohlenstoffhaltigen Feststoffpartikeln zu erzeugen, sowie einer Abzugseinrichtung (S), über die bei der Vergasung erzeugtes Produktgas aus dem Reaktionsraum (R) abziehbar ist. Kennzeichnend für die Erfindung ist, dass der Strömungsquerschnitt des Reaktionsraums (R) sich im Bereich der Wirbelschicht (W) in Strömungsrichtung des Gases erweitert.

ZWEISTUFIGE VERGASUNG VON KOHLE MIT FORCIERTEM MISCHEN DER REAKTIONSTEILNEHMER

Handling of carbonaceous solids

... 629,696. Distilling or gasifying solid carbonaceous materials. STANDARD OIL DEVELOPMENT CO. May 23, 1947, No. 13910. Convention date, Nov. 22, 1946. [Class 55 (i)] [Also in Group XIII] In a carbonisation or gasification process using the fluid solids technique, wet material such as raw coal is dried prior to entering the carbonisation or gasification zone by mixing with dry material which has a temperature above the boiling point of water at the prevailing pressure. The wet coal enters a line 3 and meets hot dry coke supplied from the carbonisation chamber 20, the mixture falling into a standpipe 5 where dry fluidizing gases are supplied through a line 7, the mixture assuming a temperature between 150‹ and 300‹ F. The solids in the chamber 20 are withdrawn through a pipe 31 and a conveyor 37, an elevator 39 discharging a proportion of the hot dry coke into line 3 to mix with the incoming raw coal. Air or oxygen is supplied to the chamber 20 from a line 11 through a flow controller 17 and ...

Improvements in or relating to the supply of heat to fluidized solid systems

A method of supplying heat to a fluidized bed of solids comprises contacting the fluidized mass with a heat-transfer surface heated by a fluid combustion mixture burning in contact with the surface which also separates the burning mixture and the fluidized mass. The heat transfer surface may comprise conventional heating coils or banks of tubes disposed within the fluidized bed and through the fluid combustion mixture is circulated or the fluidized mass may be contained within the heat transfer surfaces which are surrounded by the fluid combustion mixture. In a modification, a portion of the fluidized solids is withdrawn from the bed, circulated in indirect heat exchange with the burning fluid combustion mixture and returned to the bed. The preferred fluid combustion mixtures are (a) a suspension of powdered solid fuel in air and (b) a mixture of combustible gases and air in which finely divided inert solids are suspended. The method may be applied to the conversion of petroleum, oil shale ...

Melting gasifier

A novel melting gasifier (7) is disclosed, in which material at least largely comprising metal is melted in a fluidized bed. The latter is maintained by oxygen-containing gas laterally injected through approximately equidistant nozzles in the lower part of the melting gasifier. A carbon carrier and from above the material to be melted are also introduced into the melting gasifier. Over at least part of the fluidized bed height, the gasifier has a horizontal cross-section, which has different dimensions in two directions perpendicular to one another. The nozzles can project by different amounts into the gasifier vessel.

GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL

... 1278199 Feroso-ferric oxide and hydrogen CONSOLIDATED NATURAL GAS SERVICE CO Inc 24 March 1970 14127/70 Heading C1A [Also in Division C5] In a process in which steam is reacted with a mixture of FeO and Fe to make Fe 3 O 4 (and H 2 ) the Fe and FeO are flowed downwardly through a fluidized bed 15 of carbonaceous solids in countercurrent to a stream of steam. Reaction temperatures lie in the range 1000‹ to 2000‹ F., and pressure in the range 200 to 2000 p.s.i.g. Coal or oil is delivered at 14 to the bed.

Improvements in or relating to method of and apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous solids

... 688,096. Gasifying solid carbonaceous materials. PITTSBURGH CONSOLIDATION COAL CO. June 1, 1951 [June 23, 1950], No. 13052/51. Class 55 (i). In a fluidized process for gasifying solid carbonaceous materials such as coke, coal, oil shale and lignite by means of steam and a gas containing oxygen, particulate carbonaceous solids are fed upwardly by a worm gear type stoker 17 through an annular zone 19 between an outer vessel 10 and an inner vessel 20 to overflow into a fluidized gasification zone in the vessel 20, the gaseous products being withdrawn downwardly through the annular zone 19 to an outlet pipe 30 thereby to preheat the solids fed to the gasification and to remove entrained fine solids. Steam and oxygen are fed through the line 26 to the gasification zone which is maintained at a temperature of 1800-2000‹F and a pressure of 20 atmospheres ; ash is withdrawn through a line 32. In a modification the preheating and fluidized zones may be in separate vessels in side by side relationship ...

A low temperature gasification facility with a horizontally oriented gasifier

A low-temperature gasification system comprising a horizontally oriented gasifier is provided that optimizes the extraction of gaseous molecules from carbonaceous feedstock while minimizing waste heat. The system comprises a plurality of integrated subsystems that work together to convert municipal solid waste (MSW) into electricity. The subsystems comprised by the low-temperature gasification system are: a Municipal Solid Waste Handling System; a Plastics Handling System; a Horizontally Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer Units System; a Gas Reformulating System using plasma heat; a Heat Recycling System; a Gas Conditioning System; a Residue Conditioning System; a Gas Homogenization System and a Control System.

Process for the Gasification of Coal

Coal particles are dried in a drying zone 10 and are then preheated in a preheater 12 to a temperature just below the pyrolysis temperature. Next the coal is pyrolysed in a retort 20 by contacting it with heat carrying solids and in a non-oxidising atmosphere, to remove substantially all of the tar-forming volatile combustible matter from the coal particles and produce substantially tar-free coal char particles and also volatile vapours and condensible gases. The devolatilised tar-free char particles are then contacted with steam and an oxygen -containing gas in a gasifier 30. The gasification in the gasifier 30 produces a combustible gas which is tar-free can and is ideally suited for combustion, for example to produce combustion gases for driving a gas turbine 54. ...

EFG process

A process for gasifying a carbonaceous fuels to produce carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane in which a first stream of carbonaceous material is gasified in a high temperature partial oxidation zone (2) without bed formation the mineral matter content of the fuel being removed as molten slag. A second stream of carbonaceous material is entrained/fluidised in a rapid mixing (10) zone by the upflowing products from the partial oxidation zone and circulating char from a surrounding annular fluidised bed zone (11), the latter being fluidised by the addition of an appropriate agent.

Apparatus and process for the gasificatin of carboniferous material

Disclosed is a process for gasifying carboanceous material with the use of two fluidized beds superimposed on a fixed bed, and a flue dust gasification chamber arranged inside the reactor between the fluidized beds.

Fluidized bed gasification ash separation and removal

Method and apparatus for production of a combustible product gas from particulate coal in a fluidized bed system. A vertically positioned vessel includes an enlarged upper section and a smaller diameter cylindrical lower separator section, of diameter d, bounded at the bottom by a perforated or porous conical distribution plate (20) inclined at 7 DEG to 15 DEG with respect to horizontal; (the plate may also form an inverted cone). Coal is injected upwardly into or at the top of the separator section through tubular inlets (12) terminating a distance l above the distributor plate. The ratio l/d is less than 2.5. Fluidizing gas is injected into the separator section through the distributor plate, maintaining a fluidization velocity in the separator section of about 1.2 Umf (where Umf is the minimum fluidising velocity). Char and ash particles are separated in the separator section, agglomerated ash being withdrawn from the bottom of the lower separator section and the char may be recycled ...

GASIFICATION OF SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS TO PRODUCE GAS SUITABLE FOR AMMONIA SYNTHESIS

CONVERTING COAL WITH GASEOUS AND LIQUID FUELS

Improvements in or relating to the gasification of small particles of solid fuel

... 779,202. Gas manufacture. STEINMULLER GES., L. & C. Dec. 2, 1954 [Dec. 7, 1953], No. 34919/54. Class 55 (1). Small solid fuel is gasefied by partial combustion with air &c. supplied from below a grate on which a layer of fuel is distributed radially outwards from a central overhead feed, part at least of the fuel being gasefied in a fluidized state. A fuel tube 1 depends into the mouth of a separator 2 from which a tube 12 leads to a distributer 5 comprising a cone 15 above a hollow core 25 with a hood 19 at its apex of adjustable height so that fuel supply to a grate 9 preferably with involute bars, may be regulated. Hot and cold air are respectively supplied through pipes 17, 27 to a chamber 6 and through a sieve 8 to an annular distributing chamber 18; a portion passes through a central duct 16 to cool the underside of cone 25. The reaction chamber 3 communicates with the separator 2 through a slit 26 between the wall 22 and a cover 21 which carries the offtake 30. The chambers 3, 4, ...

MITIGATING OR PREVENTING ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION BY SULPHUR OXIDES IN THE TREATMENT OF SULPHUR-CONTAINING SUBSTANCE

... 1504688 Removing SO x from gases EXXON RESEARCH & ENG CO 11 April 1975 [11 April 1974] 16145/74 Heading C1A [Also in Division C5] In a process in which a S-containing substance is subjected to an operation involving a step in which a gas containing at least one sulphur oxide is produced, sulphur oxides are removed by contact at 800-950‹ C., in presence of an O 2 -containing gas, with particles of size less than 100 microns comprising alkaline earth metal oxide or a substance convertible thereto. The gas may be passed through a fixed bed of the oxide or oxide particles may be fluidized by the gas. Water may be added to promote reaction. Specified oxides and precursors are CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , CaCO 3 , dolomite and halfcalcined dolomite. The SO x -removal process may be incorporated into a fuel desulphurization process in which S-containing fuel is burned in a bed of oxide particles, to form compounds, e.g. sulphides from which metal oxides are regenerated, for use in the reaction with SO x .

PROCESS FOR COMMINUTING AND FEEDING COAL TO A FLUIDIZED BED OR SUSPENDED PARTICLE PRESSURIZED PROCESSING CHAMBER AND APPARATUS FOR CARRYING OUT THE SAME

... 1523603 Gyratory crushers, jaw crushers, impact mills, ball-and-ring mills, roller mills, comminuting coal KAMYR INC 4 Aug 1975 [8 Aug 1974] 32520/75 Heading B2A A comminuting system particularly for coal gasification comprises a chute 1 Fig. 1 a transmission device 2 which transfers coal from a low pressure liquid system to a high pressure liquid system in which the coal is fed to a dewatering separator 3, and thence to a centrifugal separator 4. The dewatered coal is crushed in a roller crusher 5, and metered into a pressurized ball-and-ring mill 6 which includes an integral cyclone separator 416 which returns insufficiently ground material to the mill. The coal is thence blown to a cyclone 7 by a fan 22. The cyclone 7 discharges into a fluidized bed gasifier 8a or a suspended particle gasifier 8b. Both being of known types. The centrifuge 4 comprises two concentric cones 38, 39 in a pressurized housing. The inner cone 39 is turned by shafts 211, 213 and has screw-form scraper plates ...

A gasifier comprising vertically successive processing regions

A low temperature gasification facility with a horizontally oriented gasifier

Process and system for gasification with in-situ tar removal

A gasifier comprising vertically successive processing regions

A low temperature gasification facility with a horizontally oriented gasifier

Process and system for gasification with in-situ tar removal

Process of gasification of lignocellulosic products and device for its implementation.

Process and system for gasification with in-situ tar removal

A gasifier comprising vertically successive processing regions

A low temperature gasification facility with a horizontally oriented gasifier

EINRICHTUNG ZUM PYROMETALLURGISCHEN AUFARBEITEN VON ABFALLSTOFFEN

WIRBELSCHICHTREAKTOR ZUR ERZEUGUNG VON DAMPF, BRENNBAREN GASEN UND FLUESSIGEN NEBENPRODUKTE AUS KOHLE

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METHANOL USING THE BIOMASS MATERIAL

VERFAHREN ZUM AUFARBEITEN VON REST-SHREDDER ODER VON SHREDDERLEICHTFRAKTIONEN

DEVICE FOR ACTIVATING, IN PARTICULAR GASES, OF CARBON CONTAINING SUBSTANCES

VERBESSERTES WIRBELSCHICHTREAKTORSYSTEM

The invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor system consisting of at least two fluidized bed reactors, comprising a first and a second reactor (1, 2), which are each designed as a circulating fluidized bed, a particle line (7) comprising a particle separator (3) for transporting fluidized bed particles from the first into the second reactor, and a particle line (17) leading out in the lower half of the second reactor (2) for transporting fluidized bed particles back into the first reactor (1), characterized in that, at least in the second reactor (2), reaction zones (9, 10, 22) that are separated from one another by one or more flow regulators (18, 21) are provided, and the particle line (7) opens into the second reactor (2) above at least one flow regulator (18).

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR ERZEUGUNG EINES GASES

The method involves partially gasifying and/or removing fuel in a circulating fluidized bed of a gasification zone (2). The remaining and/or not-converted fuel with a cooled bed material is placed in a combustion zone (3) and is recycled into the circulating fluidized bed of the gasification zone by a separator (8). The exhaust gas obtained from the separator and formed in the combustion zone is supplied to a solid separator (10) to separate the remaining bed material in the exhaust gas. The material is recycled into the combustion zone directly and/or by a bed material container (7). An independent claim is also included for a device for producing gas by gasification of fuel in a reactor.

VERBESSERTES WIRBELSCHICHTREAKTORSYSTEM

DEVICE TO THE GASIFICATION OR BURN OF CELEBRATIONS CARBON-CONTAINING MATERIALS.

PROCEDURE AND APPARATUS FOR THE CIRCULATION OF SOLIDS WITHIN A CENTRIFUGAL CHAMBER.

MORE VERGASSER

VERGASUNGSUND SLAGGING DEVICE

PROCEDURE FOR GASES OF SOLIDS AND GASIFICATION REACTOR

GASIFICATION OF COAL USING A FLUID BED SYSTEM

MULTISTAGE PRODUCTION OF COKE AND HIGH CALORIFIC GAS FROM COAL

Process and apparatus for production of hydrogen by gasification of combustible material and method for electric power generation using fuel cell and electric power generation system using fuel cell

STEAM REFORMING PROCESS AND APPARATUS

Fluid bed reactor having a pulse combustor-type heat transfer module

Method of gasifying carbonaceous solid material in a fluidized bed and a gasifier for carrying out the method

Fluidized bed reactor system

The invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor system consisting of at least two fluidized bed reactors, comprising a first and a second reactor (1, 2), which are each designed as a circulating fluidized bed, a particle line (7) comprising a particle separator (3) for transporting fluidized bed particles from the first into the second reactor, and a particle line (17) leading out in the lower half of the second reactor (2) for transporting fluidized bed particles back into the first reactor (1), characterized in that, at least in the second reactor (2), reaction zones (9, 10, 22) that are separated from one another by one or more flow regulators (18, 21) are provided, and the particle line (7) opens into the second reactor (2) above at least one flow regulator (18).

Improvements in integrated drying gasification

An integrated drying gasification system comprises a gasifier for gasifying carbonaceous fuel to produce hot product gas and an entrained flow dryer which receives the hot product gas to dry the carbonaceous fuel prior to gasification. At least one inlet to the gasifier communicates one or more additional gases from the system, such as recycled syngas, steam and/or recycled carbon dioxide, to the gasifier to generate an increased hot product gas mass flow rate from the gasifier. The system may comprise a plurality of lock hopper systems coupled to the entrained flow dryer. At least one intermediate storage vessel may be provided in one or more feed legs to the gasifier maintain a constant supply of carbonaceous fuel to the gasifier for a temporary period independently of carbonaceous fuel supplied to the entrained flow dryer.

Systems and methods for solar-thermal gasification of biomass

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1 ) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes.

MIXING METHOD AND DEVICE

Process and plant for producing synthesis gas and pyrolysis products from coal of different grain size

A process for converting coal into synthesis gas and by-products, such as for instance tar and oil, wherein the coal is separated into a coarse and a fine fraction, the coarse fraction is processed in a fixed-bed pressure gasification, the fine fraction is processed in a pyrolysis, and the respectively obtained products containing tar, oil and naphtha are combined and mixed.

Power generating method of carbon-molecule gasification combustion boiler

A power generating method of Carbon-molecule gasification combustion, the method comprising the following main processes: taking coal with desulfurizing agent, and first conducting desulphuration and gasification in a molecular gasifier to produce clean coal gas; mixing hot coal gas and low excess air for combustion in the furnace of a boiler; conducting coke refining and dust removal according to coal quality and demand; after heat transfer via the heated surface of the boiler, emitting high temperature flue gas complying with the standard from the chimney; and the vapor generated by the boiler drives a steam turbine to generate power. The gasification method can be applied to a power generating system of a gas engine and a gas turbine to produce desired cooling coal gas, and can also produce chemical feed gas. The method has wide applicability and a simple process, is safe to operate and is environmentally friendly and energy saving.

PREPARING COKE AND FUEL-GAS

PRODUCTION OF GAS FROM COAL

FLUIDIZED BED GASIFICATION ASH REDUCTION AND REMOVAL SYSTEM

ASH REMOVAL IN FLUIDIZED BED GASIFIER

FLUIDIZED BED GASIFIER

PRODUCTION OF GAS MIXTURES

CONVERTING COAL WITH GASEOUS AND LIQUID FUELS

METHOD FOR THE PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION OF BIOMASSES BY MEANS OF THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION

L'invention concerne un procédé d'extraction de dioxyde de carbone de l'atmosphère, par une conversion thermochimique de biomasses, en tant que vecteur intermédiaire naturel de stockage du dioxyde de carbone,, une capture du dioxyde de carbone étant effectuée par un cycle thermochimique (3) comportant un réacteur de combustion (8) et une chambre d'oxydation (9) interconnectées, et dans lequel circulent des oxydes métalliques qui sont alternativement oxydés et réduits et qui assurent l'apport d'oxygène pour ladite combustion, cette conversion thermochimique étant réalisée au moyen d'un réacteur de pyrolyse (2) et dudit cycle thermochimique (3). Selon l'invention, ladite pyrolyse est précédée d'un séchage (1) des biomasses effectué par des fumées en air appauvri (13) sortant de ladite chambre d'oxydation (9) dudit cycle thermochimique.

PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS BY HEATING OXIDIZED BIOMASS WITH A HOT GAS OBTAINED FROM THE OXIDATION OF RESIDUAL PRODUCTS

A process for producing synthesis gas, or syngas, from biomass. The process comprises contacting biomass with oxygen, or oxygen and steam, in an amount effective to oxidize the biomass and to heat the biomass to a temperature to no greater than 750°C. At least one combustible material also is contacted with oxygen and steam to heat the at least one combustible material to a temperature of at least 1,100°C, to provide a hot gas derived from the oxidized combustible material. The latter maybe residual products derived from the process itself as char, tar, or hydrocarbons. The oxidized biomass then is contacted with the hot flue gas to heat the biomass to a temperature of at least 900°C, thereby producing synthesis gas. The synthesis gas then is recovered. Such process provides a method of providing heat for producing synthesis gas without consuming a portion of the synthesis gas to provide such heat, thereby providing an increased yield of synthesis gas.

HOT GAS GENERATION

Case 4652 "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO HOT GAS GENERATION" In a hot gas generating apparatus coal is fed to a first gasifying fluidised bed wherein it is partially gasified to generate a combustible gas and char. The char is circulated to a second combustion fluidised bed for burning in the presence of excess air. The combustible gas is mixed with the oxygen rich gases from the second bed and burnt to give a hot gas product.

TRANSFER LINE BURNER SYSTEM

FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEM

A fluidized bed system comprises a fluidized bed reactor, a solids separator and a return line and serves to carry out exothermic processes in a circulating fluidized bed. The system comprises lines for supplying oxygencontaining primary gases through the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor, lines for supplying oxygen-containing secondary gases on a level which is at least 1 meter above the bottom of the reactor but not in excess of 30% of the height of the reactor, and a fuel line, which opens into the fluidized bed reactor between the primary and secondary gas inlet means. In order to ensure a satisfactory transverse mixing of the oxygen-containing secondary gas and fuel particularly in reactors having large dimensions, the fluidized bed system is provided with one or more displacing body which covers or cover 40 to 75% of the bottom surface area of the fluidized bed reactor and has or have a maximum height that is equal to one-half of the height of the fluidized-bed reactor. The displacing ...

HYDROTHERMAL ALKALI METAL RECOVERY PROCESS

METHOD FOR CONVERTING CARBON - CONTAINING RAW MATERIAL INTO A COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCT GAS

DRAIN AND SAMPLING VALVE ASSEMBLY FOR A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

FIXED BED GASIFIER

The invention relates to a fixed bed gasifier (1) functioning with a fixed bed that is penetrated by air and/or vapor in a countercurrent. In comparison to the resulting pyrolysis coke, the actual pyrolysis zone is so thin that the material dwell time in said pyrolysis zone is only a few minutes while the dwell time of the pyrolysis coke in the pyrolysis coke layer can last for several hours. The pyrolysis is carried out allothermically, whereby a highly energetic, low-dust and low-tar gas is obtained. Process control can be reliably automatised. The reaction and pyrolysis gases are escaped through the heating chamber (3), thereby eliminating the last tar components.

A GASIFICATION REACTOR AND METHOD OF GASIFICATION

A large-scale fluidized bed biogasifier provided for gasifying biosolids. The biogasifier includes a reactor vessel with a pipe distributor and at least two fuel feed inlets for feeding biosolids into the reactor vessel at a desired fuel feed rate of more than 40 tons per day with an average of about 100 tons per day during steadystate operation of the biogasifier. A fluidized bed in the base of the reactor vessel has a cross-sectional area that is proportional to at least the targeted fuel feed rate such that the superficial velocity of gas is in the range of 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) to 3 m/s (9.84 ft/s). In operation, biosolids are heated to a temperature range between 900°F (482.2°C) and 1600°F (871.1°C).

FLUIDIZED BED INJECTION ASSEMBLY FOR COAL GASIFICATION

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE GASIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC MATERIALS

PROCESS AND SYSTEM FOR GASIFICATION WITH IN-SITU TAR REMOVAL

The present invention relates to a process and system for gasifying biomass or other carbonaceous feedstocks in an indirectly heated gasifÊer and provides a method for the elimination of condensable organic materials (tars) from the resulting product gas with an integrated tar removal step. More specifically , this tar removal step utilizes the circulating heat carrier to crack the organics and produce additional product gas. As a benefit of the above process, and because the heat carrier circulates through alternating steam a nd oxidizing zones in the process, deactivation of the cracking reactions is eliminated.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CONVERTING FUEL

Systems and methods for converting fuel are provided wherein the system comprises at least reactors configured to conduct oxidation-reduction reactions. The first reactor comprises a plurality of ceramic composite particles, wherein the ceramic composite particles comprises at least one metal oxide disposed on a support. The first reactor is configured to reduce the least one metal oxide with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide. The second reactor is configured to oxidize the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide to produce a metal oxide intermediate. The system may also comprise a third reactor configured to oxidize the metal oxide intermediate to regenerate the metal oxide of the ceramic composite particles.

FUEL CRACKING IN A FLUIDIZED BED SYSTEM

A process for thermally cracking a fuel, said process comprising the steps of - on a solid carrier in a first reaction cracking fuel thereby producing Hydrogen and Carbon species - in a second reaction combusting said Carbon on the solid carrier wherein the first and second reaction is carried out in at least one fluidized bed.

METHOD FOR LOW-SEVERITY GASIFICATION OF HEAVY PETROLEUM RESIDUES.

A method for co-producing a sulfur-containing raw synthetic gas and an es sentially desulfurized solid residue from a sulfur-containing heavy petroleu m residue feedstock, comprising feeding a bubbling fluidized-bed gasificatio n reactor with the feedstock, and converting the feedstock to a raw syntheti c gas by a partial oxidation reaction in the presence of water at a temperat ure at or below about 1000oC and a pressure at or below about 10 atm, thereb y also producing an essentially desulfurized solid residue, while the sulfur components are essentially comprised in the raw synthetic gas; and separate ly recovering the essentially desulfurized solid residue and the sulfur-cont aining raw synthetic gas.

BIOMASS GASIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

An improved system and method is provided for operating a parallel entrainment fluidized bed gasifier system. A first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for reducing ash agglomeration in a parallel entrainment fluidized bed gasifier/combustor system by adding a quantity of MgO to the feedstock used in the gasifier/combustor system. A second aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for reducing erosion at piping bends in fluidized particulate piping systems which utilizes sand retention cavities positioned to receive and retain a portion of the fluidized particulate. A third aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for facilitating the flow of sand and char fragments from a first compartment to a second compartment while minimizing the flow of gases between the first and second compartments.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING AND PURIFYING A SYNTHESIS GAS

L'invention concerne un procédéde production et de purification d'un gaz de synthèse au moyen d'un combustible carboné, consistant à effectuer une gazéification dans un premier réacteur (1A) à une température comprise entre 780 et 1150°C et à effectuer une purification du gaz obtenu dans un deuxième réacteur (2A). Selon l'invention, -ladite gazéification est effectuée au moyen d'une première boucle de réacteur à lit fluidisé rapide (1) comportant ledit premier réacteur (1A) alimenté en oxydant, un premier séparateur cyclone associé (1B) et une première conduite de retour des solides (1C) vers ledit premier réacteur (1A), -ladite purification est effectuée au moyen d'une unique deuxième boucle de réacteur à lit fluidisé rapide (2) comportant ledit deuxième réacteur (2A) fluidisé par le gaz obtenu en sortie de gaz dudit premier séparateur cyclone (1B), un deuxième séparateur cyclone associé (2B) et une deuxième conduite de retour des solides (2C) vers ledit deuxième réacteur(2A), ledit deuxièmeréacteur ...

PROCESS FOR REMOVING SOLIDS FROM A GAS CONTAINING THE SAME

GASIFIER FLUIDIZATION

A method of producing synthesis gas by introducing a feed material to be gasified into a gasification apparatus comprising at least one fluidized component operable as a fluidized bed, wherein the gasification apparatus is configured to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising synthesis gas; and maintaining fluidization of the at least one fluidized component by introducing a fluidization gas thereto, wherein the fluidization gas comprises at least one component other than steam. A system for producing synthesis gas is also provided.

A Pressurized Reactor System and a Method of Operating the Same

Gasgenerator für feinkörnige Kohle, insbesondere Holzkohle.

Procédé de gazéification de fines de combustibles solides.

Procédé de gazéification de fines de combustibles solides.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR CONVERTING FIRM WASTES INTO A METHANE CONTAINING GAS.

Pyrolysis of carbon-contg materials esp waste products - in a turbulent carrier gas stream, to yield gaseous hydrocarbons, esp ethylene

A turbulent stream of carrier gas, water, charcoal and comminuted carbon-contg. material of 2.54 cm. max. size, is pyrolysed at 650-1400 degrees C until part is converted into (1-7C gaseous hydrocarbons, is not 20% of which is ethylene, which are covered from the gaseous product. The amount of water is is not 2 wt.% of the carbon-contg. material and is well mixed with it. The carrier gas contains 1% oxygen. Pref. water content is (7-18)wt.% and pyrolysis temp. is 760-870 degrees C. Part of the solids in the product stream are pref. separated, heated to 870-1315 degrees C and recirculated to supply a substantial amt. of the heat for pyrolysis. The process is suitable for disposing of domestic, industrial and agricultural waste products, including used tyres, giving gaseous prods. suitable for use as fuels and sources of raw materials.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OF PRODUCING FUEL GAS FROM FUEL

Integrated gasification combined cycle plant with char preparation system

Provided herein are systems, methods and equipment that include Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle technology to retrofit existing plants, that include, e.g., subsystems for separating char fines from syngas after it emerges from an internally-circulating fluidized bed carbonizer and injecting the char into the carbonizer draft tube as a fuel source. Efficiency and power generation are thus increased to the extent that inclusion of carbon capture systems are now possible for existing coal plants in order to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Process to provide a particulate solid material to a pressurised reactor

A system to provide a particulate solid material to a pressurised gasification reactor includes a low pressure storage vessel fluidly connected to the inlet of a bulk materials pump, a first part of a transport conduit directly connecting the outlet of the bulk materials pump to an inlet of a diverter valve, a second part of the transport conduit connecting an outlet of the diverter valve to a burner as present in a reactor vessel, wherein said diverter valve is provided with a second outlet connecting a recycle conduit with the low pressure storage vessel and which diverter valve is adjustable to either fluidly connect the bulk materials pump to the burner or alternatively fluidly connect the bulk materials pump to the low pressure storage vessel.

Device and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by means of torrefaction and crushing

An apparatus and method for creating a fine-grained fuel from solid or paste-like raw energy materials by torrefaction. The apparatus including an impact reactor having a rotor and impact elements which is temperature resistant up to 350 degrees Celsius, a feed device for hot circulation gas in the lower region of the impact reactor, a feed device for solid or paste-like raw energy materials in the head region of the impact reactor. The apparatus further including at least one withdrawal device for a gas flow having comminuted and torrefacted raw energy particles and a separation and withdrawal device for crushed and torrefacted raw energy particles from the gas flow taken out of the impact reactor.

Fuel gasification system

A fuel gasification system including a gasification furnace including a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas for gasifying fuel charged into gasification gas and flammable solid content, a combustion furnace for combustion of the flammable solid content into which the flammable solid content produced in the furnace is introduced together with bed material and that includes a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas, a material separator such as hot cyclone that separates bed material from exhaust gas introduced from the combustion furnace, the separated bed material being fed through a downcomer to the gasification furnace, and a tar decomposing mechanism that heats the gasification gas produced in the furnace to decompose tar contained in the gasification gas.

Engineered fuel feed stock useful for displacement of coal in coal firing plants

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including co-firing with coal and as substitutes for coal.

System and method for production of fischer-tropsch synthesis products and power

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock

The present invention relates generally to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock in a hydromethanation reactor to a methane product stream and a char by-product, and more specifically to removal of the char by-product from the hydromethanation reactor.

Horizontally-Oriented Gasifier with Lateral Transfer System

A method and apparatus is described for the efficient conversion of carbonaceous feedstock including municipal solid waste into a product gas through gasification. More specifically, a horizontally-oriented gasifier having one or more lateral transfer system for moving material through the gasifier is provided thereby allowing for the horizontal expansion of the gasification process such that there is sequential promotion of feedstock drying, volatization and char-to-ash conversions.

Fluidized bed furnace

Provided is a fluidized bed furnace for heating waste to extract a combustible gas from the waste, including: a plurality of wind boxes arranged on a lower side of a bottom wall of a furnace body to blow a fluidizing gas into the fluidized bed; a plurality of temperature detection sections disposed at respective positions allowing detection of temperatures of an upper position and a lower position vertically spaced in a first region, and allowing detection of temperatures of upper and lower positions vertically spaced in a second region; and a control section operable, based on the temperatures detected by the temperature detection sections, to adjust an air ratio of the fluidizing gas to be fed to each of the wind boxes, so that the temperature of the fluidized bed is raised in a direction from the first region toward the second region.

Fluidized bed system and method for operating fluidized bed furnace

A fluidized bed system includes a first nozzle group that is provided inside a fluidized bed furnace, a second nozzle group that is provided inside the fluidized bed furnace, a first supply section that supplies a gas into the fluidized bed furnace through the first nozzle group, a second supply section that supplies the gas into the fluidized bed furnace through both the first and second nozzle groups, and a control section that controls the second supply section during a start-up operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form a fluidized bed of a fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace, and stops the supply of the gas by the second supply section and controls the first supply section during a normal operation to supply the gas into the fluidized bed furnace to form the fluidized bed of the fluid medium inside the fluidized bed furnace.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHARCOAL

A process for the production of charcoal comprising the steps of: a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, into a pyrolysis unit, in which the wood chips are pyrolyzed into a full stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous material, b) feeding the full stream and a gasifying agent into an oxidation unit, wherein the full stream is oxidized at least partially and transported pneumatically, c) feeding the partially oxidized full stream from the oxidation unit into a reduction unit arranged essentially vertically, the material outlet of the oxidation unit being connected to the reduction unit, with the cross-section of the reduction unit increasing as the distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit increases, the flow rate of the full stream in the reduction unit being adapted to the material of the full stream and to the shape of the flow cross-section of the reduction unit in such a way that a stable fixed bed kept in suspension is formed in the reduction unit, d) removing the raw charcoal from the reduction unit via an overflow, e) separating gaseous components in a hot gas filter and collecting the charcoal, and f) quenching the collected charcoal with water. 1. A process for the production of charcoal comprising the steps of:a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, into a pyrolysis unit, in which the wood chips are pyrolyzed into a full stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous material,b) feeding the full stream and a gasifying agent into an oxidation unit, wherein the full stream is oxidized at least partially and transported pneumatically,c) feeding the partially oxidized full stream from the oxidation unit into a reduction unit arranged essentially vertically, the material outlet of the oxidation unit being connected to the reduction unit, with the cross-section of the reduction unit increasing as the distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit increases, the flow rate of the full stream in the reduction unit being adapted ...

APPARATUS FOR TREATING WASTE MATERIAL AND A PRODUCT GAS

The invention relates to an apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents. In the apparatus the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents are gasified at temperature between 600-950° C. in a fluidized bed reactor to form a gaseous material. The gaseous material is than cooled in a water quenching device so that temperature is between 300-500° C. after the cooling. The solid fraction including radioactive agents is removed from the gaseous material in a in at least one filtration device. A gas scrubbing device then removes sulphur by scrubbing the treated gaseous material after the filtration in order to form a treated gaseous material. 1. An apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents to form a treated gaseous material , the apparatus comprising:a fluidized bed reactor configured to gasify the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents from the group consisting of resins, clothes, contaminated wood, and contaminated vegetable matter, wherein the radioactive agents are low-level and/or medium-level radioactive agents, using air at an air ratio greater than zero and less than 1 at temperatures between 600-950° C. to form a gaseous material,a water quenching device configured to quench the gaseous material to temperature which is between 300-500° C. after cooling by water quenching to form a cooled gaseous material,a gas cleaning device configured to remove a solid fraction by filtration carried out at temperature between 300-500° C. in at least one filtration device, including removing the radioactive agents, from the cooled gaseous material and to form a treated gaseous material, anda gas scrubbing device configured to remove sulphur by scrubbing from the treated gaseous material after the filtration.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one heat exchanger for cooling the gaseous material.3. The ...

Solids circulation system and method for capture and conversion of reactive solids with fluidized bed temperature control

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

All-Steam Gasification with Solid Fuel Preparation System

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a transport reactor with a pulverizer function that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam that produces micronized char, steam, and volatiles. An indirect gasifier includes a pressure vessel reactor comprising a dense bed of solids. A draft tube can be inside or outside the pressure vessel. A combustor provides heat for the gasification reaction by combustion of hydrogen and air and that provides products of combustion that flow through the draft tube. A distributor plate receives the micronized char, steam, and devolatilized hydrocarbons from the output of the micronized char preparation system. The indirect gasifier mixes the micronized char with steam at a temperature that converts them to syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 1. A carbonaceous fuel gasification system comprising:a) a micronized char preparation system comprising a transport reactor with a pulverizer function that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam to provide heat for devolatilization, the micronized char preparation system producing micronized char, steam, and volatiles at an output; and i) a draft tube in the pressure vessel;', 'ii) a dense bed of solids that surrounds the draft tube;', 'iii) a combustor positioned below the draft tube that provides heat for the gasification reaction by combustion of hydrogen and air and that provides products of combustion that flow through the draft tube and exit at a vent positioned in the pressure vessel; and', 'iv) a distributor plate that receives the micronized char, steam, and devolatilized hydrocarbons from the output of the micronized char preparation system,, 'b) an indirect gasifier, comprising a pressure vessel reactor comprisingwherein the indirect gasifier mixes the micronized char with steam at a temperature that converts them to syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon ...

Two-stage syngas production with separate char and product gas inputs into the second stage

A two-stage syngas production method to produce a final product gas from a carbonaceous material includes producing a first product gas in a first reactor, separating char from the first product gas to produce separated char and char-depleted product gas, and separately reacting the separated char and the char-depleted product gas with an oxygen-containing gas in a second reactor to produce a final product gas. The separated char is introduced into the second reactor above the char-depleted product gas. The solids separation device may include serially connected cyclones, and the separated char may be entrained in a motive fluid in an eductor to produce a char and motive fluid mixture prior to being transferred to the second reactor. A biorefinery method produces a purified product from the final product gas.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR RECYCLING TAIL GAS IN SYNGAS FERMENTATION TO ETHANOL

The invention present provides a method (and suitable apparatus) to convert biomass to ethanol, comprising gasifying the biomass to produce raw syngas; feeding the raw syngas to an acid-gas removal unit to remove at least some COand produce a conditioned syngas stream; feeding the conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor to biologically convert the syngas to ethanol; capturing a tail gas from an exit of the fermentor, wherein the tail gas comprises at least COand unconverted CO or H; and recycling a first portion of the tail gas to the fermentor and/or a second portion of the tail gas to the acid-gas removal unit. This invention allows for increased syngas conversion to ethanol, improved process efficiency, and better overall biorefinery economics for conversion of biomass to ethanol. 1. A method of converting a carbonaceous feedstock to a syngas-fermentation product , said method comprising:{'sub': ['2', '2;'], '#text': '(a) introducing a carbonaceous feedstock and an oxidant to a gasifier, under suitable gasification conditions to produce a raw syngas stream comprising CO, H, and CO'}(b) optionally feeding at least a portion of said raw syngas stream to a syngas-cleanup unit, to produce an intermediate syngas stream;{'sub': '2', '#text': '(c) feeding at least a portion of said raw syngas stream and/or at least a portion of said intermediate syngas stream, if present, to an acid-gas removal unit, to remove at least some of said COand produce a conditioned syngas stream;'}{'sub': ['2', '2', '2', '2'], '#text': '(d) feeding at least a portion of said conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor, under suitable fermentation conditions and in the presence of suitable microorganisms and nutrients to biologically convert one or more of CO, H, or COto a fermentation product and generate a product stream comprising at least the fermentation product and a tail gas stream comprising at least COand unconverted CO or H;'}(e) recycling at least a first portion of the tail gas to ...

Methods of Converting Fuel

A method for converting fuel may include reducing at least one metal oxide in a first reactor with a fuel to produce a reduced metal or a reduced metal oxide, transporting the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the first reactor to a second reactor, oxidizing at least a portion of the reduced metal or reduced metal oxide from the first reactor in the second reactor to produce a metal oxide intermediate, transporting the metal oxide intermediate from the second reactor to a third reactor, removing ash, char, or unwanted materials with a separation unit from the metal oxide intermediate transported from the second reactor to the third reactor, regenerating the at least one metal oxide, and transporting the regenerated metal oxide from the third reactor to the first reactor.

Method and system for the manufacture of methane as well as heat and electricity by hydrogasification of biomass

The method for the manufacture of bio-methane and eco-methane as well as electric and thermal energy according to the present invention consists in hydrogasification of a mixture of bio-carbon and fossil carbon in a carbon hydrogasification reactor using bio-hydrogen obtained in a bio-hydrogen production reactor from a mixture of bio-methane and steam in the presence of a catalyst and with a COacceptor being a mixture of magnesium and calcium oxides. The raw gas formed, after purification, is subjected to separation into hydrogen and methane sent to a hydrogen production process and to feed a power generation unit. Spent COacceptor is subjected to calcination and the COproduced in the calcination process is directed to a COsequestration process. The system for the manufacture of methane and energy consists of a first reactor () for the hydrogasification of a mixture of bio-carbon and carbon prepared by a carbon feed preparation unit () connected to a biomass pyrolysis apparatus () and a carbon conveyor () and fed by a carbon mixture conveyor () to the first reactor () connected to a vapour and gas separator (), said separator having a hydrogen outlet connected to the first reactor () and a methane outlet connected to a third reactor () and the power generation unit (). Additionally, the third reactor () has a COacceptor inlet connected to a second reactor () for the calcination of the spent COacceptor and a spent COoutlet at the third reactor () connected via a conveyor () to the second reactor (). A COpipeline () is connected to a COsequestration system, whereas another COpipeline () for the regenerating COstream exiting the second reactor () is connected via a heat exchanger () and a preheater () of that stream, connected via a pipeline () to the second reactor (). 1. A method for the manufacture of bio-methane and eco-methane as well as electricity and thermal energy using a process of pyrolysing biomass to biocarbon mixed with comminuted and , possibly , ...

METHOD AND PROCESS ARRANGEMENT FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS

A method and process arrangement for producing hydrocarbons from polymer-based waste in which the polymer-based waste is gasified with steam at low temperature in a gasifier for forming a product mixture, and the temperature is 640-750° C., and the product mixture is supplied from the gasifier to a recovery unit of the hydrocarbons for separating at least one hydrocarbon fraction. 1. A method for producing hydrocarbons from polymer-based waste , wherein the method comprises:gasifying the polymer-based waste with steam at low temperature in a gasifier for forming a product mixture, and the temperature is 640-750° C., andarranging the gasifier in parallel with at least one cracking unit, and supplying the product mixture from the gasifier and a hydrocarbon mixture of the cracking unit to a recovery unit of the hydrocarbons for separating at least one hydrocarbon fraction, wherein the product mixture is a portion of the feed to the recovery unit.2. (canceled)3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gasifier is a fluidized bed gasifier.42. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment temperature is 700-750° C. in the gasifier ().52. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treatment temperature is 700-720° C. in the gasifier ().6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the bed material is sand and/or calcium-containing bed material in a fluidized bed of the gasifier.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer-based waste comprises at least polyolefins and other polymers.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein residence time is 4-30 seconds in the gasifier.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the product mixture is cooled to temperature of 400-500° C. after the gasifier.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the product mixture is filtered after the gasifier.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the product mixture comprises at least ethylene claim 1 , propylene and light aromatic hydrocarbons.12. The ...

UNIVERSAL FEEDER WITH CLAMSHELL TRANSFER SCREW

Exemplary apparatus or method implementations for a universal feeder system configured with a transfer screw feeder within a multi-section clamshell pipe permitting access to the feed screw and pipe interior for inspection, maintenance and/or cleaning during production, without disassembly or screw removal. The clamshell screw feeder pipe provides access to the screw by opening or removing the multi-section top portion of the clamshell pipe. The top pipe section is bolted and or hinges to the bottom portion of the clamshell pipe. The number of segmented multiple clamshell top sections depends on the length of the screw. One or more clamshell top sections may be configured with an inspection port. The universal feeder system configured with a transfer screw feeder within a multi-section clamshell pipe transfers feedstock feed from one or more feed vessels to one or more reactor vessel. 1. A universal feeder system for transferring a feedstock feed comprising:a first open-bottom vessel configured to retain and dispense feedstock;a motor operated variable speed live bottom dual screw feeder positioned below and parallel to the open-bottom vessel; said dual screw feeder having a proximal and distal end, wherein said dual screw feeder is operably connected to the open-bottom vessel;a first chute having an open top and bottom; said top juxtaposed to the distal end of the dual screw feeder to receive conveyed material from the feedstock feed; anda first motor operated variable speed transfer screw feeder juxtaposed to and operably coupled with the bottom of the first chute that conveys material; said first transfer screw feeder having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the first transfer screw feeder is positioned adjacent and perpendicular to the distal end of the live bottom dual screw feeder, wherein the first transfer screw feeder distal end is configured with a flange designed to operably connect the first transfer screw feeder to a second vessel, wherein the ...

ENGINEERED FUEL FEED STOCK USEFUL FOR DISPLACEMENT OF COAL IN COAL FIRING PLANTS

Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed. MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including co-firing with coal and as substitutes for coal. 145-. (canceled)46. An engineered fuel feed stock , comprising at least one component derived from a processed MSW waste stream , the engineered fuel feed stock comprising:a carbon content of between about 50 wt. % and about 70 wt. %;a hydrogen content of between about 3 wt. % and about 10 wt. %;a moisture content of less than 10% (w/w);wherein the MSW contains biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials; andwherein the feed stock contains substantially no glass, metals, grit, and noncombustible waste.47. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 46 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a HHV of between about 5 claim 46 ,000 BTU/lb and about 15 claim 46 ,000 BTU/lb (dry basis).48. The feed stock of claim 47 , wherein the feed stock has a HHV of between about 9 claim 47 ,000 to 15 claim 47 ,000 Btu/lb (dry basis).49. The engineered fuel feed stock of claim 46 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock has a volatile matter content of between about 40 wt. % and about 80 wt. %.50. The feed stock of claim 46 , wherein the feed stock has a volatile matter content of about 40% (w/w) to about 80% (w/w).51. The feed stock of claim 46 , wherein the feed stock has a chlorine content of less than about 1% (w/w).52. The feed stock of claim 46 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock when combusted produces less harmful emissions as compared to the known level of harmful emissions of coal when combusted.53. The feed stock of claim 46 , wherein the engineered fuel feed stock when combusted produces less sulfur emission as compared to the known level of sulfur ...

FLUIDIZED BED COKING WITH FUEL GAS PRODUCTION

A Flexicoking™ unit which retains the capability of converting heavy oil feeds to lower boiling liquid hydrocarbon products while making a fuel gas from rejected coke to provide only a minimal coke yield. The heater section of the conventional three section unit (reactor, heater, gasifier) is eliminated and all or a portion of the cold coke from the reactor is passed directly to the gasifier which is modified by the installation of separators to remove coke particles from the product gas which is taken out of the gasifier for ultization. In one embodiment, a portion of cold coke is transferred directly from the reactor to the gasifier, and another portion of cold coke is combined with hot, partly gasified coke particles transferred directly from the gasifier to the reactor. The hot coke from the gasifier is passed directly to the coking zone of the reactor to supply heat to support the endothermic cracking reactions and supply seed nuclei for the formation of coke in the reactor. Coke is withdrawn from the gasifier to remove excess coke and to purge the system of metals and ash. 1. A coking process for converting a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to lower boiling products in a fluid coking process unit comprised of a fluid coking reactor and a gasifier , comprising:(i) introducing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock into the coking zone of a fluid coking reactor containing a fluidized bed of solid particles maintained at coking temperatures to produce a vapor phase product including normally liquid hydrocarbons, while coke is deposited on the solid particles forming cold coke to be transferred;(ii) transferring the cold coke by passing a first portion of the cold coke directly to the gasifier,(iii) contacting the cold coke in the gasifier with steam and an oxygen-containing gas in an oxygen limited atmosphere at an elevated temperature of about 850 to 1000° C. and at a pressure of from about 0 to 1000 kPag to heat the cold coke into hot coke and form a fuel gas product ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RECYCLING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION

A method for recycling carbon dioxide from biomass gasification. The method includes: 1) employing carbon dioxide as a gasifying agent, allowing the carbon dioxide to gasify biomass to yield syngas; 2) cooling the syngas; 3) introduced cooled syngas to a cyclone separator and a gas scrubber for dust removal and purification; 4) allowing purified syngas in 3) to react with the vapor to modify a ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide of the syngas; 5) desulfurizing modified syngas to remove HS and COS therein; 6) decarburizing desulfurized syngas to separate carbon dioxide therein; 7) introducing desulfurized and decarburized syngas to a synthesizing tower to yield oil products and exhaust gas including carbon dioxide; 8) decarburizing the exhaust gas including carbon dioxide and separating the carbon dioxide; and 9) introducing the carbon dioxide separated in 6) and 8) to 1) as the gasifying agent for gasification. 1. A method for recycling carbon dioxide from biomass gasification , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '2', '2, '1) employing carbon dioxide as a gasifying agent, allowing the carbon dioxide to gasify biomass in a gasifier in the presence of external auxiliary energy, whereby yielding syngas comprising CO, CO, CH, H, HO, HS, and COS, wherein the gasifying agent carbon dioxide is collected from following steps;'}2) cooling the syngas using a primary heat exchanger and a secondary heat exchanger in sequence, wherein the primary heat exchanger employs carbon dioxide as a cooling medium whereby preheating the carbon dioxide as the gasifying agent in 1), and the secondary heat exchanger employs water as a cooling medium whereby producing vapor;3) introduced cooled syngas in 2) to a cyclone separator and a gas scrubber for dust removal and purification;4) allowing purified syngas in 3) to react with the vapor so that part of carbon monoxide of the syngas is transformed into hydrogen and carbon dioxide, whereby modifying a ratio of hydrogen to carbon ...

Methods and apparatus for recycling tail gas in syngas fermentation to ethanol

The invention present provides a method (and suitable apparatus) to convert biomass to ethanol, comprising gasifying the biomass to produce raw syngas; feeding the raw syngas to an acid-gas removal unit to remove at least some CO 2 and produce a conditioned syngas stream; feeding the conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor to biologically convert the syngas to ethanol; capturing a tail gas from an exit of the fermentor, wherein the tail gas comprises at least CO 2 and unconverted CO or H 2 ; and recycling a first portion of the tail gas to the fermentor and/or a second portion of the tail gas to the acid-gas removal unit. This invention allows for increased syngas conversion to ethanol, improved process efficiency, and better overall biorefinery economics for conversion of biomass to ethanol.

Gasification Reactor and Method of Gasification

A large-scale fluidized bed biogasifier provided for gasifying biosolids. The biogasifier includes a reactor vessel with a pipe distributor and at least two fuel feed inlets for feeding biosolids into the reactor vessel at a desired fuel feed rate of more than 40 tons per day with an average of about 100 tons per day during steady-state operation of the biogasifier. A fluidized bed in the base of the reactor vessel has a cross-sectional area that is proportional to at least the targeted fuel feed rate such that the superficial velocity of gas is in the range of 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) to 3 m/s (9.84 ft/s). In operation, biosolids are heated inside the fluidized bed reactor to a temperature range between 900° F. (482.2° C.) and 1600° F. (871.1° C.). 1. A gasification reactor comprising:a reactor vessel which is cylindrical in shape having a bottom with an inverted cone section;a freeboard section comprising the top half of the reactor vessel, said freeboard section having a diameter sized to contain the gas produced from the conversion of more than 40 tons of fuel per day;a fluidized bed in a bed section within said reactor vessel located beneath the freeboard section, said fluidized bed having a diameter sized to process and convert more than 40 tons of fuel into gas per day;at least two fuel feed inlets located beneath the freeboard section, said fuel inlets configured to feed a fuel into said reactor vessel at a fuel feed rate of more than 40 tons of fuel per day during steady-state operation of the gasifier; anda gas distributor that is a pipe distributor comprising: a main air inlet, a center trunk line having lateral air branches; and an array of nozzles located on each of the lateral air branches;wherein the pipe distributor is located within the inverted cone section of the reactor vessel and the cone section of the reactor vessel comprises: at least one gas inlet that feeds flue gas and air to the pipe distributor main air inlet and array of nozzles whereby the ...

Biomass Upgrading System

Aspects provide for volatilizing a biomass-based fuel stream, removing undesirable components from the resulting volatiles stream, and combusting the resulting stream (e.g., in a kiln). Removal of particles, ash, and/or H2O from the volatiles stream improves its economic value and enhances the substitution of legacy (e.g., fossil) fuels with biomass-based fuels. Aspects may be particularly advantageous for upgrading otherwise low-quality biomass to a fuel specification sufficient for industrial implementation. A volatilization reactor may include a fluidized bed reactor, which may comprise multiple stages and/or a splashgenerator. A splashgenerator may impart directed momentum to a portion of the bed to increase bed transport via directed flow.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS FROM A SOLID CARBON-CONTAINING SUBSTANCE USING A REACTOR HAVING HOLLOW ENGINEERED PARTICLES

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids. 1100. A reactor () for producing carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , and hydrogen from a solid carbon-containing substance , comprising:(a) a fluidized bed comprising bed material in the form of hollow engineered particles selected from the group consisting of alumina, zirconia, sand, olivine sand, limestone, dolomite and metal catalyst;{'b': '160', '(b) a freeboard () located above a bed level of the fluidized bed;'}{'b': 700', '160', '100', '700, '(c) a cyclone () positioned within the freeboard () of the reactor (), the cyclone () configured to capture and recycle entrained bed material and char particles to the fluidized bed;'}{'b': 160', '160, 'sub': 2', '2, '(d) a plurality of fluid addition stages located in the freeboard (), the plurality of fluid addition stages configured to introduce a mixture of oxygen and superheated steam to the freeboard () to promote conversion of char into CO, CO, and H;'}{'b': 140', '130, '(e) a distributor () configured to accept and distribute a fluidization media () comprising oxygen and superheated steam into the bed material of the fluidized bed;'}{'b': ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR RECYCLING TAIL GAS IN SYNGAS FERMENTATION TO ETHANOL

The invention present provides a method (and suitable apparatus) to convert biomass to ethanol, comprising gasifying the biomass to produce raw syngas; feeding the raw syngas to an acid-gas removal unit to remove at least some COand produce a conditioned syngas stream; feeding the conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor to biologically convert the syngas to ethanol; capturing a tail gas from an exit of the fermentor, wherein the tail gas comprises at least COand unconverted CO or H; and recycling a first portion of the tail gas to the fermentor and/or a second portion of the tail gas to the acid-gas removal unit. This invention allows for increased syngas conversion to ethanol, improved process efficiency, and better overall biorefinery economics for conversion of biomass to ethanol. 1. A method of converting a carbonaceous feedstock to a syngas-fermentation product , said method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, '(a) introducing a carbonaceous feedstock and an oxidant to a gasifier, under suitable gasification conditions to produce a raw syngas stream comprising CO, H, and CO, wherein said carbonaceous feedstock is selected from the group consisting of biomass, cellulose, hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, coal, petroleum coke, charcoal, lignite, carbon-rich waste materials, natural gas, and combinations thereof, and wherein said oxidant comprises one or more of air, oxygen, and steam;'}(b) optionally feeding at least a portion of said raw syngas stream to a syngas-cleanup unit, to produce an intermediate syngas stream;{'sub': '2', '(c) feeding at least a portion of said raw syngas stream and/or at least a portion of said intermediate syngas stream, if present, to an acid-gas removal unit, to remove at least some of said COand produce a conditioned syngas stream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(d) feeding at least a portion of said conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor, under suitable fermentation conditions and in the presence of suitable microorganisms and nutrients to biologically ...

Solids Circulation System and Method For Capture and Conversion of Reactive Solids

A solids circulation system receives a gas stream containing char or other reacting solids from a first reactor. The solids circulation system includes a cyclone configured to receive the gas stream from the first reactor, a dipleg from the cyclone to a second reactor, and a riser from the second reactor which merges with the gas stream received by the cyclone. The second reactor has a dense fluid bed and converts the received materials to gaseous products. A conveying fluid transports a portion of the bed media from the second reactor through the riser to mix with the gas stream prior to cyclone entry. The bed media helps manipulate the solids that is received by the cyclone to facilitate flow of solids down the dipleg into the second reactor. The second reactor provides additional residence time, mixing and gas-solid contact for efficient conversion of char or reacting solids.

UNIVERSAL FEEDER FOR GASIFICATION REACTORS

A universal feeder system that combines with a fluidized bed gasification reactor for the treatment of multiple diverse feedstocks including sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, wood waste, refuse derived fuels, automotive shredder residue and non-recyclable plastics. The invention thereby also illustrates a method of gasification for multiple and diverse feedstocks using a universal feeder system. The feeder system comprises one or more feed vessels and at least one live bottom dual screw feeder. The feed vessel is rectangular shaped having three vertical sides and an angled side of no less than 60 degrees from the horizontal to facilitate proper flow of feedstock material that have different and/or variable flow properties. The feedstocks are transferred through an open bottom chute to a live bottom dual screw feeder and through another open bottom chute to a transfer screw feeder that conveys feedstock to the fuel feed inlets of a gasifier. 1. A universal feeder system for feedstock comprising:at least one rectangular shaped feed vessel having an upper and lower horizontal side, three vertical sides and an angled side of no less than 60 degrees from the lower horizontal side;a motor operated variable speed live bottom dual screw feeder; said dual screw feeder having a proximal and distal end, said dual screw feeder operably connected to the lower horizontal side;a chute having an open top and bottom; said top juxtaposed to the distal end of the dual screw feeder to receive conveyed material; anda motor operated variable speed transfer screw feeder juxtaposed to the bottom of the chute that conveys material; said transfer screw feeder having a proximal end and a distal end terminating in a feed nozzle, wherein the feed nozzle is mechanically connected to at least one fuel feed inlet located on a gasifier reactor vessel.2. The universal feeder system of claim 1 , further comprising aeration ports located on the sides of the feed vessel and removable bridge ...

System and method for flexible conversion of feedstock to oil and gas

A feedstock flexible process for converting feedstock into oil and gas includes (i) indirectly heated hydrous devolatilization of volatile feedstock components, (ii) indirectly heated thermochemical conversion of fixed carbon feedstock components, (iii) heat integration and recovery, (iv) vapor and gas pressurization, and (v) vapor and gas clean-up and product recovery. A system and method for feedstock conversion includes a thermochemical reactor integrated with one or more hydrous devolatilization and solids circulation subsystems configured to accept a feedstock mixture, comprised of volatile feedstock components and fixed carbon feedstock components, and continuously produce a volatile reaction product stream therefrom, while simultaneously and continuously capturing, transferring, and converting the fixed carbon feedstock components to syngas.

SPRAY, JET, AND/OR SPLASH INDUCED CIRCULATION AMONG INTEGRATED BUBBLING ZONES IN A BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR

Various aspects provide for a fluidized bed reactor comprising a container having a bed of bed solids and a splashgenerator configured to impart a directed momentum to a portion of the bed solids. A bedwall may separate the bed solids into first and second reaction zones, and the directed momentum may be used to transfer bed solids from one zone to the other. A return passage may provide for return of the transferred bed solids, providing for circulation between the zones. A compact circulating bubbling fluidized bed may be integrated with a reactor having first and second stages, each with its own fluidization gas and ambient. A multistage reactor may comprise a gaswall separating at least the gas phases above two different portions of the bed. A gaslock beneath the gaswall may provide reduced gas transport while allowing bed transport, reducing contamination. 1400400410410420500700. A fluidized bed reactor ( , ′ , , ′ , , , ) configured to react a fuel in a fluidized bed of bed solids , the reactor comprising:{'b': '303', 'claim-text': [{'b': '312', 'claim-text': [{'b': 314', '312, 'a LowOx gas inlet () disposed at a first portion of a bottom of the container and configured to fluidize the bed solids in the LowOx reaction zone () to create a first bubbling fluidized bed; and'}, {'b': 311', '314, 'a LowOx gas supply () configured to supply an inert and/or less-oxidizing gas to the LowOx gas inlet () to volatilize the fuel to yield a volatiles stream and char; and'}], 'a LowOx reaction zone () comprising, {'b': '332', 'claim-text': [{'b': 334', '332, 'an oxidant inlet () disposed at a second portion of the bottom of the container configured to fluidize the bed solids in the HiOx reaction zone () to create a second bubbling fluidized bed;'}, {'b': 331', '334', '311, 'a HiOx gas supply () configured to supply the oxidant inlet () with a gas that is more oxidizing than that supplied by the LowOx gas supply (), the HiOx gas supply and oxidant inlet configured to combust ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING WASTE MATERIAL AND A PRODUCT GAS

A method and apparatus for treating waste material having organic components and radioactive agents. The method including the steps of gasifying the waste material at temperature between 600-950° C. in a reactor to form a gaseous material. The gaseous material is cooled to a temperature between 300-500° C., after the cooling the solid fraction including the radioactive agents are removed. 1. A method for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents , wherein that the method comprising steps the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents which are low-level and/or medium-level radioactive agents is gasified at temperature between 600-950° C. in a reactor to form a gaseous material ,the gaseous material is cooled by water quenching so that temperature is between 300-500° C. after the cooling, andsolid fraction including radioactive agents is removed from the gaseous material in a gas cleaning step,in order to form a treated gaseous material.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous material is combustible.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous material is cooled by heat exchanger.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous material is filtered in the gas cleaning step.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the filtration is carried out at temperatures between 300-500° C.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treated gaseous material is burnt after the removing of the solid fraction including radioactive agents.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treated gaseous material is post-treated by a gas scrubbing.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein other organic material is added into the waste material including organic components and radioactive agents before the gasification.9. An apparatus for treating waste material including organic components and radioactive agents claim 1 , wherein the apparatus for forming a treated gaseous ...

FUEL PRODUCTION SYSTEM

A fuel production system includes a gasification unit including a gasification furnace that gasifies biomass feedstock to produce a syngas; a liquid fuel production unit that produces a liquid fuel from the syngas produced by the gasification unit; an electrolysis unit that produces hydrogen from water using electric power generated using renewable energy; a hydrogen tank that stores the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis unit; a remaining hydrogen amount determining section that determines the amount of hydrogen remaining in the hydrogen tank; a hydrogen supply unit that supplies the hydrogen from the hydrogen tank to the gasification unit; and a control unit that performs a hydrogen consumption increasing control to reduce the H/CO ratio of the syngas produced by reaction in the gasification furnace and to increase the amount of hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen supply unit, when the remaining amount of hydrogen is more than a predetermined amount. 1. A fuel production system for producing a liquid fuel from biomass feedstock , comprising:a gasification unit comprising a gasification furnace that gasifies biomass feedstock to produce a syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide;a liquid fuel production unit that produces a liquid fuel from the syngas produced by the gasification unit;an electrolysis unit that produces hydrogen from water using electric power generated using renewable energy;a hydrogen tank that stores the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis unit;a remaining hydrogen amount determining section that determines an amount of hydrogen remaining in the hydrogen tank;a hydrogen supply unit that supplies the hydrogen from the hydrogen tank to the gasification unit; and{'sub': '2', 'a control unit that performs a hydrogen consumption increasing control to reduce a H/CO ratio of the syngas produced by reaction in the gasification furnace and to increase an amount of hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen supply unit, when the remaining amount of ...

Methods and apparatus for liquefaction of organic solids

Methods of liquefying solid organic materials, such as coal, biomass and shale are described. Also described are apparatus useful to effect such changes.

POWER GENERATING METHOD OF CARBON-MOLECULE GASIFICATION COMBUSTION BOILER

A power generating method of Carbon-molecule gasification combustion, the method comprising the following main processes: taking coal with desulfurizing agent, and first conducting desulfirization and gasification in a molecular gasifier to produce clean coal gas; mixing hot coal gas and low excess air for combustion in the furnace of a boiler; conducting coke refining and dust removal in accordance with coal quality and demand; after heat transfer via the heated surface of the boiler, emitting high temperature flue gas complying with the standard from the chimney; and the vapor generated by the boiler drives a steam turbine to generate power. The gasification method can be applied to a power generating system of a gas engine and a gas turbine to produce desired cooling coal gas, and can also produce chemical feed gas. The method has a simple process, which is energy saving. 1. A power generating method of Carbon-molecule gasification combustion , the method comprising the following main steps:step 1: adding a desulfurizing agent to coal, and conducting desulfiurization and gasification in a molecular gasifier to produce a hot coal gas and a coke dust wherein;the structure of the molecular gasifier is designed so that inside the gasifier the complete oxidization of a thick bed with a large interface designed in the molecular level matches the positive reduction reaction of a thick bed with a small cross section;the molecular gasifier can desulfurize the coal in the absence of the oxygen where the ratio between Ca and S in the desulfurizing agent approaches 1; 'wherein, depending the change of temperature measured on the temperature measurement point, an adjustment can be effected by means of steam to ensure a complete oxidation of the thin bed with a large interface matching the positive reduction of the thick bed with a small cross section steadily operate;', 'the molecular gasifier is provided with a regional adjusting means comprising an annular temperature ...

IMPROVED COAL GASIFICATION

A two-zone gasifier is used to produce syngas from coal fines, oxygen and steam. The two-zone gasifier has a top fluidized gasification zone and a bottom entrained flow gasification zone connected by a Venturi throat. The syngas production will occur in both zones with the syngas being collected from the top of the gasifier. 1. A gasifier for producing syngas comprising an upper fluidized gasification zone in fluid communication through a Venturi throat with a lower entrained flow gasification zone.2. The gasifier as claimed in wherein said upper fluidized gasification zone has refractory lining walls.3. The gasifier as claimed in wherein said entrained flow gasification zone has water membrane walls.4. The gasifier as clairned in wherein said upper fluidized gasification zone has inputs to provide for injecting materials selected from the group consisting of coal claim 1 , fines claim 1 , gas and steam.5. The gasifier as claimed in wherein said entrained flow gasification zone has inputs to provide for injecting materials selected from the group consisting of coal claim 1 , fines claim 1 , gas and steam.6. The gasifier as claimed in wherein said Venturi throat has a diameter small than said upper fluidized gasification zone and said entrained flow gasification zone.7. The gasifier as claimed in wherein said entrained flow gasification zone has an opening at its bottom.8. A method for producing syngas comprising the steps:a) Feeding coal fines oxygen and steam simultaneously to fluidize gasification zone and entrained flow gasification zone;b) Reacting said coal fines in the presence of oxygen and steam to form syngas;c) Feeding syngas from said entrained gasification zone to said fluidized gasification zone; andd) Recovering syngas from said fluidized gasification zone.9. The method as claimed in wherein said fluidized gasification zone is at a temperature of about 1000° C.10. The method as claimed in wherein the coal fines fed to said fluidized gasification zone ...

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR A PYROLYSIS AND GASIFICATION SYSTEM FOR BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

A pyrolysis and gasification system produce a synthesis gas and bio-char from a biomass feedstock. The system includes a feed hopper that has a flow measurement device. The system also includes a reactor that is operable in a gasification mode or a pyrolysis mode. The reactor is configured to receive the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper. The reactor is operable to provide heat to the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper to produce the synthesis gas and bio-char. The system also includes a cyclone assembly. The produced synthesis gas including the bio-char is fed to the cyclone assembly. The cyclone assembly removes a portion of the bio-char from the synthesis gas. 1. A pyrolysis and gasification system for producing a synthesis gas and bio-char from a biomass feedstock , comprising:a feed hopper, wherein the feed hopper comprises a flow measurement device;a reactor that is operable in a gasification mode or a pyrolysis mode, and wherein the reactor is configured to received the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper, and further wherein the reactor is operable to provide heat to the biomass feedstock from the feed hopper to produce the synthesis gas and bio-char; the reactor including an upper portion and a lower portion,a cyclone assembly, wherein the produced synthesis gas comprising bio-char is fed to the cyclone assembly, and wherein the cyclone assembly removes bio-char from the synthesis gas, and an auger disposed in an upper portion of the reactor and adapted to convey biomass feedstock from the feed hopper to the reactor.2. The pyrolysis and gasification system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises a reactor bed claim 1 , wherein the reactor bed is fluidized by a fluidizing medium input.3. The pyrolysis and gasification system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor comprises an upper portion and a bottom portion claim 1 , and wherein the upper portion comprises an increased diameter over a diameter of the bottom portion.4. The pyrolysis and ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COAL PURIFICATION AND COMPLETE BURING FOR CLEAN FOSSIL FUEL

In one aspect, a method for coal purification and gasification may include steps of heating the coal including various hydrocarbons and harmful substances such as sulfides, phosphates, etc. to 900 to 1200° C. in a coal gasifier; providing a reaction chamber with oxygen and connecting with the coal gasifier; the sulfides, phosphates, etc. in the gasified coal entering the reaction chamber from the coal gasifier and reacting with the oxygen therein; separating mixtures from the reaction chamber to collect hydrocarbons in its fluidized phase; heating the fluidized hydrocarbons; and providing oxygen to react with the gasified form of hydrocarbons to achieve a complete burning of the hydrocarbons. 1. A method for coal purification and complete burning comprising steps of:heating the coal in a solid form to a gasified form without air including various hydrocarbons and harmful substances to a predetermined range of temperature in a coal gasifier;providing a reaction chamber with oxygen and connecting with the coal gasifier;separating the harmful substances from the hydrocarbons;condensing the gasified coal from the reaction chamber to collect hydrocarbons in its fluidized phase;heating the fluidized hydrocarbons to become a gasified form;providing oxygen to mix with the gasified form of the fluidized hydrocarbons; andigniting mixed hydrocarbons and oxygen to achieve complete burning.2. The method for coal purification and complete burning of claim 1 , wherein harmful substances include sulfides and phosphates.3. The method for coal purification and complete burning of claim 2 , wherein sulfides can be removed through a sulfonation process according to the formula below:{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '3, '2S+3O═2SO\u2003\u2003(i)'}{'br': None, 'sub': 6', '6', '3', '6', '5', '3, 'CH+SO═CHSOH\u2003\u2003(ii)'}{'br': None, 'sub': 6', '5', '3', '2', '6', '6', '2', '4, 'CHSOH+HO═CH+HSO\u2003\u2003(iii)'}4. The method for coal purification and complete burning of claim 2 , wherein ...

UNIVERSAL FEEDER FOR GASIFICATION REACTORS

A universal feeder system that combines with a fluidized bed gasification reactor for the treatment of multiple diverse feedstocks including sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, wood waste, refuse derived fuels, automotive shredder residue and non-recyclable plastics. The invention thereby also illustrates a method of gasification for multiple and diverse feedstocks using a universal feeder system. The feeder system comprises one or more feed vessels and at least one live bottom dual screw feeder. The feed vessel is rectangular shaped having three vertical sides and an angled side of no less than 60 degrees from the horizontal to facilitate proper flow of feedstock material that have different and/or variable flow properties. The feedstocks are transferred through an open bottom chute to a live bottom dual screw feeder and through another open bottom chute to a transfer screw feeder that conveys feedstock to the fuel feed inlets of a gasifier. 1. A universal feeder system for feedstock comprising:{'b': '60', 'at least one rectangular shaped feed vessel having an upper horizontal side and an open lower horizontal side, three vertical sides and an angled side of no less than degrees from the lower horizontal side;'}a motor operated variable speed live bottom dual screw feeder positioned below and parallel to the open lower horizontal side; said dual screw feeder having a proximal and distal end, wherein said dual screw feeder operably connected to the lower horizontal side;a first chute having an open top and bottom; said top juxtaposed to the distal end of the dual screw feeder to receive conveyed material; anda first motor operated variable speed transfer screw feeder juxtaposed to the bottom of the first chute that conveys material; said first transfer screw feeder having a proximal end and a distal end, wherein the first transfer screw is positioned adjacent and perpendicular to the distal end of the live bottom dual screw feeder.2. The universal feeder system of ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR RECYCLING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION

A biomass gasification system. The system includes: a) a gasifier; b) a waste heat exchanger; c) a waste heat boiler; d) a cyclone separator; e) a gas scrubber; f) a shift reactor; g) a desulfurizing tower; h) a first decarburizing tower; i) a synthesizing tower; and j) a second decarburizing tower. In the system, the gasifier, the waste heat exchanger, the cyclone separator, the gas scrubber, the shift reactor, the desulfurizing tower, the first decarburizing tower, the synthesizing tower, and the second decarburizing tower are connected sequentially. In addition, COoutlets of the first decarburizing tower and the second decarburizing tower are both connected to a cold medium inlet of the waste heat exchanger; and a cold medium outlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected to a gasifying agent entrance of the gasifier. 1. A biomass gasification system , the system comprising:a) a gasifier;b) a waste heat exchanger;c)a waste heat boiler;d) a cyclone separator;e) a gas scrubber;f) a shift reactor;g) a desulfurizing tower;h) a first decarburizing tower;i) a synthesizing tower; andj) a second decarburizing tower; a syngas outlet of the gasifier is connected to a heat medium inlet of the waste heat exchanger; a heat medium outlet of the waste heat exchanger is connected to a heat source inlet of the waste heat boiler;', 'a heat source outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to a gas inlet of the cyclone separator; a gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to an inlet of the gas scrubber;', 'an outlet of the gas scrubber is connected to a gas inlet of the shift reactor via a compressor; a vapor outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to a vapor inlet of the shift reactor;', 'a vapor outlet of the shift reactor is connected to an inlet of the desulfurizing tower, and an outlet of the desulfurizing tower is connected to an inlet of the first decarburizing tower which is configured for the decarburizing of the syngas;', 'an outlet of the first ...

Gasification Reactor with Discrete Reactor Vessel and Grate and Method of Gasification

A fluidized bed biogasifier is provided for gasifying biosolids. The biogasifier includes a reactor vessel and a feeder for feeding biosolids into the reactor vessel at a desired feed rate during steady-state operation of the biogasifier. A fluidized bed in the base of the reactor vessel has a cross-sectional area that is proportional to at least the fuel feed rate such that the superficial velocity of gas is in the range of 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) to 3 m/s (9.84 ft/s). In a method for gasifying biosolids, biosolids are fed into a fluidized bed reactor. Oxidant gases are applied to the fluidized bed reactor to produce a superficial velocity of producer gas in the range of 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) to 3 m/s (9.84 ft/s). The biosolids are heated inside the fluidized bed reactor to a temperature range between 900° F. (482.2° C.) and 1700° F. (926.7° C.) in an oxygen-starved environment having a sub-stoichiometric oxygen level, whereby the biosolids are gasified. 1. A gasification reactor comprising:a reactor vessel which is cylindrical in shape having a bottom with an inverted cone section;a freeboard section comprising the top half of the reactor vessel, said freeboard section having a diameter of at least 57 inches;a fluidized bed in a bed section within said reactor vessel located beneath the freeboard section, said fluidized bed having a diameter of at least 45 inches;at least one fuel feed inlet located beneath the freeboard section, said inlet configured to feed a fuel into said reactor vessel at a fuel feed rate during steady-state operation of the gasifier; anda gas distributor located within the inverted cone section comprising a flue gas and air inlet that feeds flue gas and air to an array of nozzles whereby the flue gas and air are directed into the fluidized bed in the bed section.2. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising at least one inlet for a natural gas and air mixture.3. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising at least one inlet for addition of an ...

Method And Apparatus For Mixing And Pre-burning Gasification Agent

A method and an apparatus for mixing and pre-burning a gasification agent are disclosed. The apparatus includes a gasifier body comprising a furnace chamber, a gas distribution plate, and a gasification agent mixing chamber. The apparatus also includes a pulverized coal transport pipe and a carbon-containing fly ash transport pipe, which respectively feed a pulverized coal and a carbon-containing fly ash to a middle portion of the gasification agent mixing chamber. The apparatus further includes a gasification agent transport pipe that feeds a gasification agent to a bottom of the gasification agent mixing chamber. The present disclosure advocates a pre-burning process of the gasification agent that involves the pulverized coal and the carbon-containing fly ash, which heats the gasification agent as the gasification agent is being fed to the circulating fluidized bed gasifier, thereby ensuring a more complete burning, pyrolysis and gasification of coal within the circulating fluidized bed gasifier.

Catalytic steam gasification of petroleum coke to methane

The present invention provides a catalytic steam gasification process for gasifying petroleum coke. The solids composition within the gasification reactor of the disclosed invention is maintained by controlling the catalyst composition of the feed. The process utilizes sour water from the raw gasification product gases to recover and recycle catalyst. Fine particles generated in the handling of coke are advantageously utilized to increase the efficiency of the process.

Catalyst-Loaded Coal Compositions, Methods of Making and Use

The present invention relates to catalyst-loaded coal compositions having a moisture content of less than about 6 wt %, a process for the preparation of catalyst-loaded coal compositions, and an integrated process for the gasification of the catalyst-loaded coal compositions. The catalyst-loaded coal compositions can be prepared by a diffusive catalyst loading process that provides for a highly dispersed catalyst that is predominantly associated with the coal matrix, such as by ion-exchange.

Selective Removal and Recovery of Acid Gases from Gasification Products

Processes and apparatuses are described for the selective removal and recovery of acid gases from a gas source comprising at least hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. A step-wise approach is illustrated wherein hydrogen sulfide may be selectively removed from a gas source by treatment with methanol under conditions where substantially all the hydrogen sulfide may be removed. The partially purified gas source may then be provided with a second treatment with methanol under conditions which selectively remove carbon dioxide from the gas stream. Such methods are generally applicable to any gas source comprising at least hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, for example, a gas source produced from the catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous material, the combustion of a carbonaceous material, or the oxy-blown gasification of a carbonaceous material.

Coal Compositions for Catalytic Gasification

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a coal and a gasification catalyst in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Coal Compositions for Catalytic Gasification

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a coal and a gasification catalyst. The particulate compositions are gasified in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other higher hydrocarbons. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Carbonaceous Fines Recycle

Processes are provided for capturing and recycling carbonaceous fines generated during a gasification process. In particular, the recycled fines are processed into a particulate composition which is useable as a carbonaceous feedstock and is conversion into a gas stream comprising methane.

Biomass Char Compositions for Catalytic Gasification

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a biomass char producedfrom the combustion of a biomass, such as switchgrass or hybrid poplar, with at least a second carbonaceous material, such as petroleum coke or coal, and, optionally a gasification catalyst, for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Catalytic Gasification Particulate Compositions

Particulate compositions are described comprising a carbonaceous material, such as petroleum coke and/or coal, treated or otherwise associated with a gasification catalyst, where the catalyst is at least in part derived from a leachate from a biomass char, for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Biomass Compositions for Catalytic Gasification

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a biomass, such as switchgrass or hybrid poplar, a non-biomass carbonaceous material, such as petroleum coke or coal, and a gasification catalyst, where the gasification catalyst is loaded onto at least one of the biomass or non-biomass for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Sour Shift Process for the Removal of Carbon Monoxide from a Gas Stream

Processes for the catalytic conversion of a carbonaceous composition into a gas stream comprising methane are provided, where a sour shift reaction is used to remove carbon monoxide gas stream produced by the gasification process. The incorporation of the sour shift reaction provides an efficient and cost-effective means of eliminating carbon monoxide from the gas stream. In addition, the sour shift reaction also generates additional hydrogen, thus increasing the amount of hydrogen produced from the gasification process.

Processes for the Separation of Methane from a Gas Stream

Processes for the catalytic conversion of a carbonaceous composition into a gas stream comprising methane are provided. In addition, the processes provide for the generation of a hydrogen-enriched gas stream and, optionally, a carbon monoxide-enriched gas stream, which can be mixed or used separately as an energy source for subsequent catalytic gasification processes.

Two-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, two separate gasification reactors to convert a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Three-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, three separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Four-Train Catalytic Gasification Systems

Systems to convert a carbonaceous feedstock into a plurality of gaseous products are described. The systems include, among other units, four separate gasification reactors for the gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst into the plurality of gaseous products including at least methane. Each of the gasification reactors may be supplied with the feedstock from a single or separate catalyst loading and/or feedstock preparation unit operations. Similarly, the hot gas streams from each gasification reactor may be purified via their combination at a heat exchanger, acid gas removal, or methane removal unit operations. Product purification may comprise trace contaminant removal units, ammonia removal and recovery units, and sour shift units.

Processes for Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes and continuous processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular, methane via the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam. In one aspect of the invention, the processes comprise at least partially combusting a first carbonaceous feedstock with an oxygen-rich gas stream in an oxygen-blown gasifier, under suitable temperature and pressure, to generate a first gas stream comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and superheated steam; and reacting a second carbonaceous feedstock and the first gas stream in a catalytic gasifier in the presence of a gasification catalyst under suitable temperature and pressure to form a second gas stream comprising a plurality of gaseous products comprising methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. The processes can comprise using at least one catalytic methanator to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous products to methane and in certain embodiments do not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the gasifier.

Processes for Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular, methane via the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam. The processes comprise using at least one methanation step to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous products to methane and do not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the catalytic gasifier.

Char Methanation Catalyst and its Use in Gasification Processes

The invention provides processes for generating a methane-enriched gas from a gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen such as gas streams generated by gasification of an alkali metal catalyst-loaded carbonaceous feedstock, and a char methanation catalyst useful in such processes.

Processes for Preparing a Catalyzed Coal Particulate

Processes are provided for preparing a substantially free-flowing alkali metal gasification catalyst-loaded coal particulate suitable for use as a feedstock for the production of gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic gasification of the catalyst-loaded coal particulate in the presence of steam.

Processes for Preparing a Catalyzed Carbonaceous Particulate

Processes are provided for preparing a substantially free-flowing alkali metal gasification catalyst-loaded carbonaceous particulate suitable for use as a feedstock for the production of gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic gasification of the catalyst-loaded carbonaceous particulate in the presence of steam.

Processes For Hydromethanation Of A Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of steam, syngas and an oxygen-rich gas stream.

Processes for Gasification of a Carbonaceous Feedstock

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular, methane via the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam and an oxygen-rich gas stream. The processes comprise using at least one catalytic methanator to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous products to methane and do not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the catalytic gasifier.

Processes and devices for gasifying biomass, in particular wood materials

Device for the gasification of carbonaceous feedstock

Process for gasifying biomass and plant therefor

Ein Verfahren zur Vergasung von Biomasse (B) in einem Vergasungsreaktor (2) durch thermo-chemische Zersetzung von Kohlenwasserstoffen in einer Wasserdampfatmosphäre hat die Schritte: DOLLAR A - Verbrennung von Substanzen in einer von dem Vergasungsreaktor (2) gasdicht getrennten Verbrennungskammer (3), DOLLAR A - Zuführen von Wärmeenergie aus der Verbrennungskammer (3) in den Vergasungsreaktor (2), und DOLLAR A - Ableiten der Verbrennungsgase (A) aus der Verbrennungskammer (3) getrennt von den bei der Vergasung der Biomasse (B) erzeugten Produktgasen (P). A method for the gasification of biomass (B) in a gasification reactor (2) by thermo-chemical decomposition of hydrocarbons in a water vapor atmosphere has the steps: DOLLAR A - combustion of substances in a combustion chamber (3) separated from the gasification reactor (2) in a gas-tight manner, DOLLAR A - supply of thermal energy from the combustion chamber (3) into the gasification reactor (2), and DOLLAR A - discharge of the combustion gases (A) from the combustion chamber (3) separately from the product gases generated during the gasification of the biomass (B) (P ).

Fluidized bed reactor system

fluidized bed reactor and replaceable insert.

Fluidized bed gasification system

Gasifier fluidization

A method of producing synthesis gas by introducing a feed material to be gasified into a gasification apparatus comprising at least one fluidized component operable as a fluidized bed, wherein the gasification apparatus is configured to convert at least a portion of the feed material into a gasifier product gas comprising synthesis gas; and maintaining fluidization of the at least one fluidized component by introducing a fluidization gas thereto, wherein the fluidization gas comprises at least one component other than steam. A system for producing synthesis gas is also provided.

System and method for production of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and power

A method for generation of power and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products by producing synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, producing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products and Fischer-Tropsch tailgas from a first portion of the synthesis gas, and generating power from a second portion of the synthesis gas, from at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch tailgas, or from both. The method may also comprise conditioning at least a portion of the synthesis gas and/or upgrading at least a portion of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products. A system for carrying out the method is also provided.

Gasifier fluidization

A system for the production of synthesis gas, including a gasification apparatus configured to convert at least a portion of a gasifier feed material introduced thereto into a gasification product gas comprising synthesis gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide; at least one additional apparatus selected from the group consisting of feed preparation apparatus located upstream of the gasification apparatus, synthesis gas conditioning apparatus, and synthesis gas utilization apparatus; and at least one line fluidly connecting the at least one additional apparatus or an outlet of the gasification apparatus with the at least one vessel of the gasification apparatus, whereby a gas from the at least one additional apparatus or exiting the gasification apparatus may provide at least one non-steam component of a fluidization gas. A method of utilizing the system is also provided.

Device for generating combustible product gas from carbonaceous feedstocks

A device is provided for generating combustible product gas from carbonaceous feedstocks through allothermal steam gasification in a pressurized gasification vessel. The pressurized allothermal steam gasification of carbonaceous fuels requires that heat be supplied to the gasification chamber at a temperature level of approximately 800-900 °C. In a heat pipe reformer, as is known from EP 1 187 892 B1, combustible gas is generated from the carbonaceous feedstocks to be gasified through allothermal steam gasification in a pressurized fluidized bed gasification chamber. The heat needed for this is fed to the gasifier or reformer from a fluidized bed combustion system through a heat pipe arrangement. Due to the straight and tubular construction of heat pipes, the combustion chamber and reformer/gasification chamber are disposed one above the other in the known heat pipe reformer from EP 1 187 892 B1. The pressure vessel base is under particular stresses due to the high temperatures in the combustion chamber. In addition, the base is weakened by a plurality of heat pipe feedthroughs. The sealing of the feedthroughs also presents a problem. In conventional tubular heat pipes, the line for liquid heat transfer medium and for gaseous heat transfer medium are both disposed in the common tubular shell. The fact that the present invention uses loop heat pipes in which the liquid heat transfer medium is conveyed spatially separated from the gaseous heat transfer medium allows the number of feedthroughs to be reduced to two, namely a liquid line and a vapor line. When a plurality of such loop heat pipes is used, the separate vapor and fluid lines thereof can be combined in the gasification pressure vessel to form a common vapor and liquid line, which then penetrate the gasification pressure vessel. Outside the gasification pressure vessel, the two common lines can then be separated again. This allows the number of feedthroughs from and into the gasification pressure vessel to be ...

Gasifier having integrated fuel cell power generation system

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H2O and CO2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endo thermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

Fluid bed reactor having vertically spaced apart clusters of heating conduits

A fluid bed reactor is configured to process a reactive material to form one or more products. The reactor includes a reaction vessel defining a compartment configured to receive the reactive material. A first cluster of heating conduits at least partially occupies the compartment and extends over a first vertical extent within the compartment. A second cluster of heating conduits partially occupies the compartment and extends over a second vertical extent within the compartment. The first cluster of heating conduits is vertically below the second cluster of heating conduits and spaced apart therefrom by a first separation distance. Feedstock inlets are configured to introduce the reactive material into a region that is vertically between the first and second clusters of heating conduits. The heating conduits in the first cluster have a first thickness while the heating conduits in the second cluster have a second thickness. The first separation distance is at least as great as the smaller of the first and second thicknesses.

Indirectly heated thermochemical reactor apparatus and processes

Resonant tubes of a pulse combustor are immersed in a bed of solid particles in a reaction zone to provide indirect heat from the pulsating combustion gases to the solid particles of the bed. The bed is maintained in an agitated state by a gas or vapor flowing through the bed. Reactant materials are introduced into the agitated bed and undergo reaction at enhanced rates resulting from heat transfer coefficients at least about twice as high as those of steady flow combustors and an intense acoustic pressure level propagated from the pulsating combustor into the reaction zone. The apparatus is useful, for example, to steam reform heavy hydrocarbons and to gasify carbonaceous material, including biomass and black liquor to produce combustible gas at relatively low temperatures, with steam being usilized as the bed fluidizing medium. Black liquor gasification, utilizing sodium carbonate as bed solids, results in liquor energy and chemical content recovery without smelt production.

Gasification system

A method and system for injecting coal and process fluids into a fluidized bed gasification reactor. Three concentric tubes extend vertically upward into the fluidized bed. Coal particulates in a transport gas are injected through an inner tube, and an oxygen rich mixture of oxygen and steam are injected through an inner annulus about the inner tube. A gaseous medium relatively lean in oxygen content, such as steam, is injected through an annulus surrounding the inner annulus.

Control of bed height in a fluidized bed gasification system

In a fluidized bed apparatus a method for controlling the height of the fdized bed, taking into account variations in the density of the bed. The method comprises taking simultaneous differential pressure measurements at different vertical elevations within the vessel, averaging the differential pressures, determining an average fluidized bed density, then periodically calculating a weighting factor. The weighting factor is used in the determination of the actual bed height which is used in controlling the fluidizing means.

Control of bed height in a fluidized bed gasification system

A method for controlling the height of the fluidized bed wherein variations in the density of the bed are taken into account by taking simultaneous differential pressure measurements at different vertical elevations within the vessel, averaging the differential pressures, determining an average fluidized bed density, then periodically calculating a weighting factor. The weighting factor is used in the determination of the actual bed height which is used in controlling the fluidizing means.

Control of bed height in a fluidized bed gasification system

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE In a fluidized bed apparatus a method for con-trolling the height of the fluidized bed, taking into account variations in the density of the bed. The method comprises taking simultaneous differential pressure measurements at different vertical elevations within the vessel, averaging the differential pressures, determining an average fluidized bed density, then periodically calcu-lating a weighting factor. The weighting factor is used in the determination of the actual bed height which is used in controlling the fluidizing means.

Process and apparatus for treating particulate solids in a fluidized bed

Der mit dem Gas aus dem Wirbelbettreaktor (20) ausgetragene und in einem Abscheider (14) abgetrennte Feststoff wird über eine Rückführeinrichtung (11) in den Reaktor zurückgeführt. Zur Vermeidung von aufgrund der innerhalb des Reaktors herrschenden Druckverhältnisse verursachten Störungen bei der Rückführung wird der Druck in der Rückführeinrichtung zwischen Abscheider und oberer Begrenzung des in der Rückführeinrichtung sich bildenden Feststoffbetts (13) durch Gasabsaugung auf ein Niveau abgesenkt, das nicht höher liegt als der tiefste Druck im Abscheider, der wiederum tiefer liegt als der Druck im Reaktor. The solid discharged with the gas from the fluidized bed reactor (20) and separated in a separator (14) is returned to the reactor via a return device (11). In order to avoid disturbances in the return caused by the pressure conditions prevailing in the reactor, the pressure in the return device between the separator and the upper limit of the solid bed (13) formed in the return device is reduced to a level by gas extraction which is not higher than the lowest Pressure in the separator, which in turn is lower than the pressure in the reactor.

Catalyseur pour le reformage de goudrons utilisables dans la vapogazeification de la biomasse.

Bed materials for fluidised bed reaction methods and fluidised bed reaction methods

A particle for a fluidised bed reaction method, comprising a bed material, preferably chamotte, and a catalyst, preferably a mixture of nickel, chromium with/without zinc oxide. The bed material and the catalyst preferably makes up 100 wt% of the particle or 98% with the remainder being unavoidable impurities. The particle, which may be refractory, stable up to at least 1100°C and with a Mohs hardness of at least 6, may have a particle size of 100 microns to 2 mm. The catalyst within the particle can be 250 microns or lower, measured using a MalvernTM Mastersizer 3000. The particle can comprise 1-50 wt% of catalyst. Also described is a method of forming the particle, comprising mixing the bed material and a catalyst and then calcining the mixture. The calcination temperature may be 1200-1675°C and can occur from 4-6 hours or as flash calcination from 5 seconds to 10 minutes. The product, which can be a plurality of particles, can be ground and/or sieved. A method of oxidising fuel, by either combustion or gasification, in a fluidised bed comprising the particles is also disclosed.

Fluid bed reactor with furnace-type pulsed heat transfer modules

FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention may be used in chemical industry. Proposed fluid bed reactor 300 comprises reaction vessel 302 with first wall part and second wall part, first heat transfer module 310 connected to vessel 302. First heat transfer module 310 comprises first pulse furnace 312 connected to first acoustic chamber 311 with first and second faces. First pulse furnace 312 comprises, at least, one exhaust pipe 314 terminating in first acoustic chamber 311 between first and second faces, and multiple heat transfer pipes 326. Every said heat transfer pipes 326 stays in fluid contact with acoustic chamber 311 via said wall part. Combustion products from exhaust pipe 314 along first channel of every heat transfer pipe from first wall part and, then, along second channel toward wall first part. Resonance tube of first pulse furnace 312 does not extend inside reaction vessel 302. EFFECT: efficient conversion of carbides into gas. 20 cl, 16 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 448 765 (13) C2 (51) МПК B01J 8/18 (2006.01) F27B 15/00 (2006.01) C10J 3/56 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2008146061/05, 20.04.2007 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 20.04.2007 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ТЕРМОКЕМ РИКАВЕРИ ИНТЕРНЭШНЛ, ИНК. (US) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 24.04.2006 US 11/409,837 08.05.2006 US 11/429,917 (72) Автор(ы): ЧАНДРАН Рави (US) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.05.2010 Бюл. № 15 2 4 4 8 7 6 5 (45) Опубликовано: 27.04.2012 Бюл. № 12 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 6149765, 21.11.2000. SU 245006 A, 04.06.1969. SU 959632 A, 15.09.1982. US 5842289 A, 01.12.1998. US 5064444 A, 12.11.1991. 2 4 4 8 7 6 5 R U (86) Заявка PCT: US 2007/067095 (20.04.2007) C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 24.11.2008 (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: WO 2007/127679 (08.11.2007) Адрес для переписки: ...

측면 이동 시스템을 구비한 수평으로 배향된 가스화기

가스화를 통해 도시 고체 폐기물을 포함한느 탄소 함유 공급물의 생성 가스로의 효율적인 전환을 위한 방법 및 장치가 기재되어 있다. 더욱 상세하게는, 가스화기를 통해 물질을 이동시키기 위한 하나 이상의 측면 이동 시스템을 구비한 수평으로 배향된 가스화기가 제공되며, 이에 의해 가스화 공정의 수평 팽창을 허용하여, 공급물 건조, 휘발성화, 및 숯-대-재 전환을 순차적으로 촉진시킬 수 있게 한다.

Processes for preparing a catalyzed coal particulate

본 발명의 방법은, 기상 생성물, 특히 메탄의 제조를 위한 공급원료로서 사용하기에 적합한 실질적 자유-유동성 알칼리 금속 기화 촉매-담지된 석탄 미립자를 스팀의 존재 하에 촉매-담지된 석탄 미립자의 촉매적 기화를 통해 제조하는 방법을 제공한다. The process of the present invention provides for the catalytic vaporization of catalyst-supported coal particulates in the presence of steam with substantially free-flowing alkali metal vaporization catalyst-supported coal particulates suitable for use as feedstock for the production of gaseous products, in particular methane. It provides a method of manufacturing through.

Система, вырабатывающая электрическую энергию с помощью газификации горючих веществ

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, в частности к технологии преобразования химической энергии горючих веществ в электрическую энергию с высокой эффективностью, где горючие вещества газифицируются для получения газа и полученный газ используется в топливном элементе для выработки электрической энергии. Техническим результатом изобретения является повышение эффективности преобразования химической энергии горючих веществ в электрическую. Предложенная низкотемпературная газификационная печь для газификации горючих веществ, таких как горючие отходы или уголь, работает при температуре, например, 400-1000°С, а полученный газ затем подается в топливный элемент для выработки электрической энергии. Низкотемпературная газификационная печь предпочтительно представляет собой газификационную печь с псевдоожиженным слоем. 3 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 25 ил. ÐÎÑÑÈÉÑÊÀß ÔÅÄÅÐÀÖÈß RU (19) (11) 2 270 849 (13) C2 (51) ÌÏÊ C10J 3/00 (2006.01) H01M 8/06 (2006.01) ÔÅÄÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÑËÓÆÁÀ ÏÎ ÈÍÒÅËËÅÊÒÓÀËÜÍÎÉ ÑÎÁÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ, ÏÀÒÅÍÒÀÌ È ÒÎÂÀÐÍÛÌ ÇÍÀÊÀÌ (12) ÎÏÈÑÀÍÈÅ ÈÇÎÁÐÅÒÅÍÈß Ê ÏÀÒÅÍÒÓ (21), (22) Çà âêà: 2001115091/09, 05.11.1999 (24) Äàòà íà÷àëà îòñ÷åòà ñðîêà äåéñòâè ïàòåíòà: 05.11.1999 (30) Ïðèîðèòåò: 05.11.1998 JP 10/330161 (73) Ïàòåíòîîáëàäàòåëü(è): ÈÁÀÐÀ ÊÎÐÏÎÐÅÉØÍ (JP) (45) Îïóáëèêîâàíî: 27.02.2006 Áþë. ¹ 6 2 2 7 0 8 4 9 (56) Ñïèñîê äîêóìåíòîâ, öèòèðîâàííûõ â îò÷åòå î ïîèñêå: RU 2107359 C1, 20.03.1973. RU 2073064 C1, 10.02.1997. RU 2121197 C1, 27.10.1998. SU 1114342 A3, 15.09.1984. RU 2014346 C1, 15.06.1994. ÅÐ 0170277 À, 05.02.1986. US 5509264 À, 23.04.1996. (85) Äàòà ïåðåâîäà çà âêè PCT íà íàöèîíàëüíóþ ôàçó: 05.06.2001 2 2 7 0 8 4 9 R U (87) Ïóáëèêàöè PCT: WO 00/27951 (18.05.2000) C 2 C 2 (86) Çà âêà PCT: JP 99/06185 (05.11.1999) Àäðåñ äë ïåðåïèñêè: 129010, Ìîñêâà, óë. Á.Ñïàññêà , 25, ñòð.3, ÎÎÎ "Þðèäè÷åñêà ôèðìà Ãîðîäèññêèé è Ïàðòíåðû", ïàò.ïîâ. Å.È.Åìåëü íîâó (54) ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ, ÂÛÐÀÁÀÒÛÂÀÞÙÀß ÝËÅÊÒÐÈ×ÅÑÊÓÞ ÝÍÅÐÃÈÞ Ñ ÏÎÌÎÙÜÞ ÃÀÇÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ ÃÎÐÞ×ÈÕ ÂÅÙÅÑÒ (57) Ðåôåðàò: Èçîáðåòåíèå îòíîñèòñ ...

Fluidized bed apparatus

A fluidized bed apparatus having an outer vessel provided at a lower region with a plenum chamber as well as a grid situated directly above the plenum chamber and carrying a plurality of nozzles through which gas flows from the plenum chamber into the space in the vessel above the grid. These nozzles provide a given pressure drop in the gas flowing therethrough while as the gas flows from the plenum chamber through each nozzle there is also provided by way of a suitable structure a preliminary pressure drop, so that a two-stage pressure drop is provided in the gas flowing through each nozzle from the plenum chamber into the vessel above the grid. In this way it is possible to achieve a flow of gas above the grid sufficient to maintain the particles suspended in the fluidized bed while attrition of the particles is maintained at a minimum so that very little if any fines flow out of the vessel with gas which is formed therein. According to this method, the particles are petroleum coke particles while the gas is a mixture of steam and air maintained in the plenum chamber at a pressure of only 1-5 psig above the pressure in the bed while at the region of the interior of the vessel above the grid the temperature is on the order of 1500°-1800° F. The grid supporting the nozzles is sloped 3° to 5° downwards towards a center well and supporting member to allow solid agglomerations such as lumps of coke and slag to move radially inward into the well for withdrawal.

System to start-up a process for providing a particulate solid material to a pressurised reactor

Fluidized bed injection assembly for coal gasification

A coaxial feed system for fluidized bed coal gasification processes including an inner tube for injecting particulate combustibles into a transport gas, an inner annulus about the inner tube for injecting an oxidizing gas, and an outer annulus about the inner annulus for transporting a fluidizing and cooling gas. The combustibles and oxidizing gas are discharged vertically upward directly into the combustion jet, and the fluidizing and cooling gas is discharged in a downward radial direction into the bed below the combustion jet.

Gasification system

A method and system for injecting coal and process fluids into a fluidized bed gasification reactor. Three concentric tubes extend vertically upward into the fluidized bed. Coal particulates in a transport gas are injected through an inner tube, and an oxygen rich mixture of oxygen and steam are injected through an inner annulus about the inner tube. A gaseous medium relatively lean in oxygen content, such as steam, is injected through an annulus surrounding the inner annulus.

Method of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by photosynthesis

FIELD: conversion of solar energy accumulated by photosynthesis into electrical energy. SUBSTANCE: proposed method employs closed-cycle electric station provided with water basin for growing microalgae and combustion chamber with fluidized layer; partially dried algae contain at least 60 mass-% of water; combustion is performed in artificial atmosphere of oxygen and carbon dioxide. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 17 cl, 3 dwg 9516$ сс ПЧ сэ (19) РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (51) МПК? 13) ВИ "” 2 239 754 ^^ С2 Е 244 2/42, Е ОЛК 25/14 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 2001126058/06, 14.03.2000 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 14.03.2000 (30) Приоритет: 22.03.1999 Ш 129,101 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 21.05.2003 (45) Дата публикации: 10.11.2004 (56) Ссылки: СВ 22548358 А, 21.10.1992. МО 95/24548 А, 14.09.1995. УР 03154616 А, 02.07.1991. 4$ 4334026 А, 22.07.1997. ($ 5375410 А, 27.12.1994. ЗЧ 1460362 А, 23.02.1989. 5Ц 1021884 А, 07.06.1983. (85) Дата перевода заявки РСТ на национальную фазу: 22.10.2001 (86) Заявка РСТ: || 00/00154 (14.03.2000) (87) Публикация РСТ: М/О 00/57105 (28.09.2000) (98) Адрес для переписки: 103009, Москва, а/я 184, ППФ "ЮС", пат.пов. С.В.Ловцову (72) Изобретатель: ЯНТОВСКИЙ Евгений (ОЕ) (73) Патентообладатель: СОЛМЕКС (ИЗРАИЛЬ) ЛТД. (11) (74) Патентный поверенный: Ловцов Сергей Викторович (54) СПОСОБ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ, НАКОПЛЕННОЙ ПУТЁМ ФОТОСИНТЕЗА, В ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКУЮ ЭНЕРГИЮ (57) Изобретение относится к способу преобразования солнечной энергии, накопленной путем фотосинтеза, В электрическую энергию. Способ осуществляется путем использования электростанции замкнутого цикла, содержащей массив воды для выращивания помещенных в него макроводорослей, и камеру сгорания с псевдоожиженным слоем для сжигания, по меньшей мере, части частично высушенных макроводорослей, содержащих до 60% мас./воды; сжигание производится в искусственно созданной атмосфере кислорода и углекислого газа ...

使用炭甲烷化催化剂的气化方法

本发明提供用于由包含一氧化碳和氢气的气体混合物产生富甲烷气体的方法，所述气体混合物诸如为通过使负载碱金属催化剂的碳质原料气化产生的气流；以及可用于这类方法的炭甲烷化催化剂。

可燃物气化发电系统

本发明提供了一种在预定温度如400～1000℃下气化可燃物，如可燃性废弃物或煤的低温气化炉(2)，再将所生成的气体供给燃料电池(6)进行发电。低温气化炉优选包括流化床气化炉。

Method and device for gasification of biomass by recycling carbon dioxide without oxygen

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to chemical industry. Method involves gasification stage (1), where carbon dioxide is used as a gasification agent. Obtained synthesis gas is cooled by means of primary heat exchanger (2) and secondary heat exchanger installed in series. In primary heat exchanger (2) coolant used is carbon dioxide which is pre-heated, and in secondary heat exchanger coolant used is water to obtain steam. Cooled synthesis gas is fed into cyclone separator (4) and gas cleaner (5). Purified synthesis gas reacts with steam so that part of carbon monoxide is converted into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. That is followed by desulphurisation (8) of modified synthesis gas and decarbonisation (9). Further, synthesis gas is fed into synthesis column (10), where by catalytic reaction it is converted in oil products, and exhaust gas contains carbon dioxide. Method includes decarbonisation (11) of exhaust gas and obtained carbon dioxide is recycled by feeding into primary heat exchanger (2) as coolant and subsequent supply for gasification (1) as a gasification agent. EFFECT: invention enables to achieve a zero emission of carbon dioxide of system as a whole. 13 cl, 3 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 604 624 C2 (51) МПК C10J 3/00 (2006.01) F01K 17/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2015108053/05, 11.07.2013 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 11.07.2013 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.10.2016 Бюл. № 28 (45) Опубликовано: 10.12.2016 Бюл. № 34 (73) Патентообладатель(и): УХАНЬ КАЙДИ ИНДЖИНИРИНГ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИ РИСЕРЧ ИНСТИТЬЮТ КО., ЛТД. (CN) (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 10.03.2015 2 6 0 4 6 2 4 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 5937652 A, 17.08.1999. RU 2439432 C2, 10.01.2012. ЕА 200970784 А1, 26.02.2010. US 20100324156 A1, 23.12.2010. PRABIR, P., ...

Processes for gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock

본 발명은, 스팀 및 산소-풍부 기체 스트림의 존재 하에서의 탄소질 공급원료의 촉매적 기체화를 통한 기체상 생성물, 및 특히 메탄의 제조 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명의 방법은, 하나 이상의 촉매적 메탄화기를 사용하여 기체상 생성물 중의 일산화탄소 및 수소를 메탄으로 전환시키는 것을 포함하며, 일산화탄소 또는 수소를 촉매적 기체화기로 재순환시키지 않는다. The present invention relates to a gaseous product via catalytic gasification of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of steam and oxygen-rich gas streams, and in particular to a process for producing methane. The process of the present invention involves the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous product to methane using one or more catalytic methanators and does not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the catalytic gasifier.