System for recycling captured agglomerated diesel soot and related method

A method of recycling captured agglomerated soot captured by and collected from a diesel emission control after-treatment (DECAT) system, the method comprising collecting captured agglomerated diesel soot (CADS) as a feedstock, loading the CADS into a controlled thermochemical conversion (TCC) process reactor, employing time-phased heat and pressure in the controlled TCC process reactor until the CADS sufficiently decompose to reclaim solids, liquid fuels and gases, piping pyrolysis oils (tars) and vapors produced in the controlled TCC process reactor to chambers, cooling and condensing the pyrolysis oils and vapors into a liquid form, and recirculating a pyrolysis gas produced in the controlled TCC process reactor for use as a source of heat and power.

System and process for biomass conversion to renewable fuels with byproducts recycled to gasifier

This invention relates generally to a method and system for improving the conversion of carbon-containing feed stocks to renewable fuels, and more particularly to a thermal chemical conversion of biomass to renewable fuels and other useful chemical compounds, including gasoline and diesel, via a unique combination of unique processes. More particularly, this combination of processes includes (a) a selective pyrolysis of biomass, which produces volatile hydrocarbons and a biochar; (b) the volatile hydrocarbons are upgraded in a novel catalytic process to renewable fuels, (c) the biochar is gasified at low pressure with recycled residual gases from the catalytic process to produce synthesis gas, (d) the synthesis gas is converted to dimethyl ether in a novel catalytic process, and (e) the dimethyl ether is recycled to the selective pyrolysis process.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS FROM CARBON BASED MATERIAL

The present invention relates to a system and method for producing “Syngas” () from carbon based material comprising means for feeding () the material into the system (), means for combustion of the material, adapted to produce Syngas, means for use () of the Syngas and means for extraction of the combustion residues, wherein the means for combustion of the material comprise: a sealed combustion chamber, with temperatures between 300 and 600° C., capable of decomposing the organic molecules of the carbon based material into a mixture of gases and into ash; a device for injection of gas () into the combustion chamber; a device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced/to be introduced into the combustion chamber, capable of guaranteeing a correct sub-stoichiometric ratio for decomposition of the organic molecules. 1. A system for producing “Syngas” from carbon based material comprising means for feeding said material into said system , means for combustion of said material , adapted to produce Syngas , means for use of said Syngas and means for extraction of the residues of said combustion , wherein said means for combustion of said material comprise:a sealed combustion chamber, with temperature between 300 and 600° C., capable of decomposing the organic molecules of said carbon based material into a mixture of gases and into ash;a device for injection of gas into said combustion chamber;a device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced/to be introduced into said combustion chamber, capable of guaranteeing a correct sub-stoichiometric ratio for decomposition of said organic molecules.2. The system for producing “Syngas” according to claim 1 , wherein said device for injection of gas is capable of transforming the chlorine present in said combustion chamber into hydrochloric acid by introducing hydrogen into said combustion chamber.3. The system for producing “Syngas” claim 1 , according to claim 1 , wherein it comprises a control device adapted to monitor ...

Method of gasifying carbonaceous material and a gasification system

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts.

Method for producing renewable hydrogen from biomass derivatives using steam reforming technology

A process of decomposing a biomass derivative to produce a gaseous product and then introducing the gaseous product into a steam reformer.

PYROLYSIS WASTE AND BIOMASS TREATMENT

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating waste, such as municipal waste via pyrolysis and yielding one or more of heat energy, electrical energy and fuel. In some embodiments, waste feed stock can be municipal waste in black bag form. In some the present invention additionally provides for processing of thousands of tons of municipal waste each day. 1. A method of treating municipal solid waste , the method comprising:conveying said municipal solid waste comprising one or both of inorganic material and organic material into a pre-conditioner unit;heating said municipal solid waste in said pre-conditioner unit sufficiently to essentially sterilize at least a majority of said municipal solid waste;separating inorganic materials from the organic materials;exposing the organic material to an environment of saturated steam;heating the environment of saturated steam containing the organic matter to a temperature of 160° C. or more; andproducing a gaseous by-product by way of the heating of the organic material in an environment of depleted oxygen at about 700° C. or more.2. The method of additionally comprising the step of separating inert materials including ferrous and non ferrous materials; glass and stone from the inorganic materials from the organic materials.3. The method of wherein the organic material comprises one or more of: cellulosic flakes claim 2 , wood and textiles.4. The method of wherein the inorganic material comprises one or both of aluminum and magnetic metals.5. The method of wherein the step of heating said municipal solid waste in said pre-conditioner unit comprises placing the municipal solid waste in a chamber comprising a temperature of between about 400° C. and 600° C. to generate pretreated municipal waste.6. The method of additionally comprising the step of passing the pretreated municipal waste through a heated multi-zoned pyrolysis muffle chamber.7. The method of additionally comprising the step of providing heat ...

PROCESS FOR CO-GASIFICATION OF TWO OR MORE CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCKS AND APPARATUS THEREOF

The present invention relates to a process for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, said process comprising combusting a first carbonaceous feedstock having high calorific value with low ash and high hydrogen content, to produce a heated effluent; carrying the heated effluent to second reactor where the heated effluent reacts with a second carbonaceous feedstock, having low calorific value with high ash and low hydrogen content, to produce synthesis gas. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, comprising a first reactor (), having a first feedstock inlet port (), a oxygen or air inlet port (), a steam inlet port (), a ash removal port (), and a solid recycle port (); a first cyclone separator () connected to the first reactor () through a first cyclone separator inlet port (); a second reactor (), having a second feedstock inlet port (), and a ash removal port (), the second reactor is connected to the first cyclone separator () through a gaseous inlet port (); and a second cyclone separator (), having a fine particles removal port (), and an effluent port (), wherein the second cyclone separator is connected to the second reactor through a second cyclone separator inlet port (). 1. A process for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock , said process comprising:combusting a first carbonaceous feedstock having high calorific value with low ash and high hydrogen content, in presence of steam, with an amount of oxygen to produce a heated effluent;carrying the heated effluent forward so that the heated effluent reacts with a second carbonaceous feedstock, having low calorific value with high ash and low hydrogen content, to produce synthesis gas.2. A process for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock claim 1 , as claimed in claim 1 , said process comprising:combusting a first carbonaceous feedstock having high calorific value with low ash and high ...

PYROLYSIS PROCESSING OF SOLID WASTE FROM A WATER TREATMENT PLANT

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating waste, such as municipal waste via pyrolysis and yielding one or more of heat energy; electrical energy and fuel. In some embodiments, waste feed stock can be municipal waste in black bag form. In some the present invention additionally provides for processing of hundreds of tons of municipal waste each day. 1. A method of generating electricity for an electrical grid using solid waste , the method comprising:conveying said waste from a water treatment plant comprising one or both of inorganic material and organic material into a pre-conditioner unit;exposing the waste to an environment of saturated steam;heating the environment of saturated steam containing the waste to a temperature of 160° C. or more;following the exposing of the waste to an environment of saturated steam, pyrolysizing the waste as a result of heating of the waste in an retort comprising multiple heat radiant tubes providing increased retention time of the waste in the retort and heat distribution within the retort, the retort comprising an environment depleted of oxygen and maintained at about 700° C. or more;producing hot synthetic gas via the pyrolysizing of the waste;discharging the hot synthetic gas by product via ports from the retort into a gas turbine, wherein the gas turbine is in mechanical connection with an electrical grid;driving the turbine with the hot synthetic gas to generate electricity; anddistributing the generated electricity across the electrical grid.2. The method of wherein the organic material comprises one or more of:cellulosic flakes, wood and textiles.3. The method of wherein the inorganic material comprises one or both of aluminum and magnetic metals.4. The method of wherein the step of pyrolysizing the waste from the water treatment plant additionally comprises passing the waste from the water treatment plant through a retort comprising a heated multi-zoned pyrolysis muffle chamber.5. The method of ...

All-Steam Gasification with Carbon Capture

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for all-steam gasification with carbon capture includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and produces micronized char, steam, volatiles, hydrogen, and volatiles at outlets. An indirect gasifier includes a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char, a conveying fluid, and steam. The gasification chamber produces syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets. A combustion chamber receives a mixture of hydrogen and oxidant and burns the mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and nitrogen. The heat for gasification is transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand. The system of the present teaching produces nitrogen free high hydrogen syngas for applications such as IGCC with CCS, CTL, and Polygeneration plants. 1. A carbonaceous fuel gasification system comprising:a) a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam, the micronized char preparation system producing micronized char, steam, volatiles, and hydrogen at outlets; and i) a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char from the micronized char preparation system, and that receives a conveying fluid and steam, the gasification chamber producing syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets; and', 'ii) a combustion chamber that receives a mixture of hydrogen and oxidant, the combustion chamber burning the mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and nitrogen, the heat for gasification being transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand., 'b) an ...

THERMAL AND CHEMICAL UTILIZATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS, IN PARTICULAR FOR EMISSION-FREE GENERATION OF ENERGY

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M) and pyrolysis gas (M) are formed. In a second process stage (P), the pyrolysis coke (M) from the first process stage (P) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M) is formed, and slag and other residues (M M M M) are removed. In a third process stage (P), the synthesis gas (M) from the second process stage (P) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M), which are discharged. The three process stages (P P P) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M) from the third process stage (P) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P), and/or the second process stage (P), and pyrolysis gas (M) from the first process stage (P) is passed into the second process stage (P), and/or the third process stage (P). 1. A process for the emission-free generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products by utilization of carbonaceous materials , in which in a first process stage the carbonaceous materials are supplied and pyrolysed , wherein pyrolysis coke and pyrolysis gas are formed; in a second process stage , the pyrolysis coke from the first process stage is gasified , wherein synthesis gas is formed , and slag and other residues are removed; and in a third process stage , the synthesis gas from the second process stage is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid , liquid and/or gaseous products , which are discharged; wherein the three process stages form a closed cycle , surplus gas from the third process stage is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage and/or the second process stage , and the pyrolysis gas of the first process stage is passed into the second process stage and/or the third process stage.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein hydrogen is supplied in at least one ...

BIOMASS PROCESSING DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

Biomass processing devices, systems and methods used to convert biomass to, for example, liquid hydrocarbons, renewable chemicals, and/or composites are described. The biomass processing system can include a pyrolysis device, a hydroprocessor and a gasifier. Biomass, such as wood chips, is fed into the pyrolysis device to produce char and pyrolysis vapors. Pyrolysis vapors are processed in the hydroprocessor, such as a deoxygenation device, to produce hydrocarbons, light gas, and water. Water and char produced by the system can be used in the gasifier to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which may be recycled back to the pyrolysis device and/or hydroprocessor. 1. A pyrolysis device comprising:a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and an upstream end adjacent the inlet of the housing;', 'a downstream end adjacent the outlet of the housing;', 'a core extending between the upstream end and the downstream end; and', 'a helical blade wound around the core between the upstream end and the downstream end;, 'an auger positioned within the housing, the auger having the inlet of the housing is configured to receive biomass; and', 'the pyrolysis device is configured to convert the biomass to a pyrolysis vapor and to', 'produce a pressure seal formed by material in transition between biomass and pyrolysis vapor, the pressure being seal positioned between the inlet of the housing and the outlet of the housing., 'wherein2. The pyrolysis device of claim 1 , wherein the core of the auger is tapered from a first diameter at the upstream end to a second diameter at the downstream end claim 1 , the first diameter being smaller than the second diameter.3. The pyrolysis device of claim 2 , wherein:the helical blade has a blade height measured from an outer surface of the core in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the core to a terminal end of the helical blade; andthe height of the helical blade varies from the upstream end to the downstream end of the auger.4. The ...

REACTOR AND PROCESS FOR GASIFYING AND/OR MELTING OF FEED MATERIALS

A reactor enables gasification or melting of waste and additional feed materials. The reactor includes a co-current section with a plenum section and a feed section with a sluice. Feed materials are introduced into the reactor. The reactor further includes a buffer section and a pre-treatment section, which adjoins a bottom of the buffer section to create a cross-sectional enlargement. An intermediate section adjoins the pre-treatment section. An upper oxidation section adjoins a bottom of the intermediate section and includes tuyeres in at least one level. An upper reduction section adjoins a bottom of the upper oxidation section. The reactor further includes a gas outlet section. The reactor further includes a countercurrent section having a conical lower reduction section and a conical lower oxidation section adjoining the conical lower reduction section having at least one tuyere and at least one tapping. 1100. Reactor () for gasifying and/or melting of feed materials , the reactor comprising{'b': '110', 'claim-text': [{'b': '111', 'claim-text': [{'b': 112', '100, 'a feed section with a sluice () through which the feed materials are introduced into the reactor () from above,'}, {'b': 113', '112, 'a buffer section () located below the feed section (),'}, {'b': 114', '113', '140, 'a pre-treatment section () that is located below the bottom of the buffer section () and which has a cross-sectional enlargement in the upper area and a narrowing cross-section in the bottom area so that a discharge cone () of the feed material can form,'}, {'b': 119', '114', '114, 'at least one gas supply means () which open in the pre-treatment section () in the region of the cross-sectional enlargement of the pre-treatment section () and through which hot gases can be fed to the discharge cone, and'}, {'b': 115', '114, 'an intermediate section () that is located below the bottom of the pre-treatment section (),'}], 'a plenum section () comprising'}, {'b': 116', '115', '116', '117', ' ...

INTEGRATED PYROLYSIS AND ENTRAINED FLOW GASIFICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR LOW RANK FUELS

In one aspect, a gasification system for use with low rank fuel is provided The system includes a pyrolysis unit positioned to receive a feed of low rank fuel, the pyrolysis unit being configured to pyrolyze the low rank fuel to produce pyrolysis gas and fixed carbon. The system also includes a gasifier configured to produce a syngas stream using the received fixed carbon, a cooler configured to receive and cool the syngas stream, and a first conduit coupled between the cooler and the pyrolysis unit. The first conduit is configured to recycle at least a portion of the syngas stream to the pyrolysis unit such that the recycled syngas stream is mixed with the pyrolysis gas to produce a hydrocarbon-rich syngas stream containing gasification by-products. The system also includes a by-product recovery system coupled to the pyrolysis unit for removing the gasification by-products from the hydrocarbon- rich syngas stream.

THREE-STAGE ENERGY-INTEGRATED PRODUCT GAS GENERATION SYSTEM

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage. 11001102. A three-stage energy-integrated product gas generation system () configured to produce a product gas from a carbonaceous material () , the system comprising:{'b': 100', '101, 'claim-text': [{'b': 104', '101, 'a first reactor carbonaceous material input () to the first interior ();'}, {'b': 108', '101, 'a first reactor reactant input () to the first interior (), and'}, {'b': '124', 'a first reactor product gas output ();'}], '(a) a first reactor () having a first interior () and comprising{'b': 200', '201, 'claim-text': [{'b': 204', '201', '124, 'a second reactor char input () to the second interior (), in fluid communication with the first reactor product gas output ();'}, {'b': 220', '201, 'a second reactor oxygen-containing gas input () to the second interior ();'}, {'b': '224', 'a second reactor product gas output (); and'}, {'b': 201', '212', '216', '216', '108, 'a second reactor heat exchanger (HX-B) in thermal contact with the second interior (), the second reactor heat exchanger comprising a second reactor heat transfer medium inlet () and a second reactor heat transfer medium outlet (), the second reactor heat transfer medium outlet () being in fluid communication with the first reactor reactant input (); and'}], '(b) a second reactor () having a second interior () and comprising{'b': 300', '301, 'claim-text': [{'b': 303', '304', '305', '301', '124', '224, 'one or more ...

BIOMASS INJECTION INTO FLUID BED CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS REACTOR

An improved process is provided for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass, comprising pneumatically injecting a biomass feed via a pneumatic injection line into a fluidized heat medium, for example, hot catalyst, with a carrier gas at a velocity of from 5 to 40 m/s in at least one mixing zone in communication with a pyrolysis reactor in which catalytic pyrolysis occurs, and maintaining a catalyst/biomass mixture flowrate ratio (C/B) of from 4 to 40 downstream from the point of catalyst injection via a catalyst injection line in the at least one mixing zone. 1. A process for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass , comprising pneumatically injecting a biomass feed via a pneumatic injection line into a fluidized heat medium with a carrier gas at a velocity of from 5 to 40 m/s in at least one mixing zone in communication with a pyrolysis reactor in which catalytic pyrolysis occurs , and maintaining a catalyst/biomass mixture flowrate ratio (C/B) of from 4 to 40 downstream from the point of catalyst injection via a catalyst injection line in the at least one mixing zone.2. The process of wherein the biomass feed is injected through the pneumatic injection line in the at least one mixing zone having a horizontal claim 1 , upward or downward orientation with a deviation angle of 0 to 60 degrees.3. The process of wherein the deviation angle is 45 degrees.4. The process of wherein there are two pneumatic injection lines situated at opposite sides of the at least one mixing zone claim 1 , with 90° shift with respect to a heat medium inlet.5. The process of wherein the at least one mixing zone comprises a lift pipe connected to the bottom of a fluidized bed reactor by way of a termination device mounted on top of the lift pipe in order to diminish channeling and enhance a uniform distribution.6. The process of wherein the mixing zone comprises one to 4 lift pipes.7. The process of wherein feeding of biomass into the pneumatic injection line before pneumatic injection into the mixing zone is ...

COMPACT GASIFIER-GENSET ARCHITECTURE

A compact biomass gasification-based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power, including an enclosure that encases: a gasifier including a pyrolysis module coaxially arranged above a reactor module, a generator including an engine and an alternator, and a hopper. The generator system additionally includes a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module, a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module, and a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module. The system can additionally include a central wiring conduit electrically connected to the pyrolysis module, reactor module, and engine, and a control panel connected to the conduit that enables single-side operation. 1. A gasification based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power , comprising:an open-air hopper;an airlock connected to an outlet of the hopper;a drying module connected to the airlock, the airlock configured to form a substantially fluid impermeable seal with the drying module;a gasifier comprising: a pyrolysis module and a reactor module, the pyrolysis module connected to the drying module and to the reactor module;an engine; and a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module;', 'a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module; and', 'a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module., 'a heat exchange module comprising2. The system of claim 1 , wherein ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DOWNDRAFT GASIFICATION

A downdraft gasifier for producing a gaseous fuel to be used in an engine from a carbonaceous material with a pyrolysis module, a reactor module, and a heat exchanger system that cooperate to produce the gaseous fuel from the carbonaceous material and to extract particulates from the gaseous fuel from the reactor. The heat exchange system includes a first heat exchanger coupled to the dryer module that heats the carbonaceous material with the gaseous fuel output of the reactor module to dry the carbonaceous material; a second heat exchanger coupled to the pyrolysis module that heats the dried carbonaceous material with the exhaust from the engine to pyrolyze the dried carbonaceous material into tar gas and charcoal; and a third heat exchanger coupled to the reactor module that heats air used to combust the tar gas with the gaseous fuel output of the reactor module to preheat the air. 1. A downdraft gasifier system for producing a gaseous fuel from a carbonaceous material , the downdraft gasifier system comprising:a dryer module;a pyrolysis module;a reactor module defining a combustion zone and a reduction zone, the reactor module comprising an air path fluidly connecting an oxygen source to the combustion zone of a reactor module interior, and a gaseous fuel outlet fluidly connected to the reduction zone;an engine comprising an engine inlet and an exhaust outlet; and a first heat exchanger thermally coupled to and fluidly separated from the dryer module, the first heat exchanger fluidly coupled between the gaseous fuel outlet and the engine inlet;', 'a second heat exchanger thermally coupled to and fluidly isolated from the pyrolysis module, fluidly coupled to the engine exhaust; and', 'a third heat exchanger thermally coupled to and fluidly separated from the air path, the third heat exchanger fluidly coupled between the gaseous fuel outlet and the first heat exchanger., 'a heat exchanger system comprising2. The downdraft gasifier of claim 1 , further comprising a ...

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AROMATICS FROM A BIOMASS PYROLYSIS GAS

A device and process for the conversion of aromatic compounds, includes/uses: a unit for the separation of the xylenes suitable for treating a cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing an extract comprising para-xylene and a raffinate; an isomerization unit suitable for treating the raffinate and producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene which is sent to a fractionation train; a pyrolysis unit suitable for treating biomass, producing a pyrolysis effluent feeding, at least partially, the feedstock, and producing a pyrolysis gas comprising CO and H; a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction section suitable for treating, at least in part, the pyrolysis gas, producing a synthesis effluent sent, at least in part, to the pyrolysis unit. 1. Device for the conversion of a feedstock of aromatic compounds , comprising:a fractionation train suitable for extracting at least one cut comprising benzene, one cut comprising toluene and one cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene from the feedstock;a unit for the separation of the xylenes suitable for treating the cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing an extract comprising para-xylene and a raffinate comprising ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and ethylbenzene;an isomerization unit suitable for treating the raffinate and producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene which is sent to the fractionation train;{'sub': '2', 'a pyrolysis unit suitable for treating biomass, producing at least one pyrolysis effluent comprising hydrocarbon compounds of 6 to 10 carbon atoms feeding at least partially the feedstock, and producing a pyrolysis gas, comprising at least CO and H;'}a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction section suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas at least in part, producing a synthesis effluent comprising hydrocarbon compounds of 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and sending the synthesis effluent, at least in part, to the pyrolysis unit.2. Conversion device according to claim 1 , in which the pyrolysis gas ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CHARCOAL

A process for the production of charcoal comprising the steps of: a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, into a pyrolysis unit, in which the wood chips are pyrolyzed into a full stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous material, b) feeding the full stream and a gasifying agent into an oxidation unit, wherein the full stream is oxidized at least partially and transported pneumatically, c) feeding the partially oxidized full stream from the oxidation unit into a reduction unit arranged essentially vertically, the material outlet of the oxidation unit being connected to the reduction unit, with the cross-section of the reduction unit increasing as the distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit increases, the flow rate of the full stream in the reduction unit being adapted to the material of the full stream and to the shape of the flow cross-section of the reduction unit in such a way that a stable fixed bed kept in suspension is formed in the reduction unit, d) removing the raw charcoal from the reduction unit via an overflow, e) separating gaseous components in a hot gas filter and collecting the charcoal, and f) quenching the collected charcoal with water. 1. A process for the production of charcoal comprising the steps of:a) feeding biomass, in particular wood chips, into a pyrolysis unit, in which the wood chips are pyrolyzed into a full stream comprising solid, liquid and gaseous material,b) feeding the full stream and a gasifying agent into an oxidation unit, wherein the full stream is oxidized at least partially and transported pneumatically,c) feeding the partially oxidized full stream from the oxidation unit into a reduction unit arranged essentially vertically, the material outlet of the oxidation unit being connected to the reduction unit, with the cross-section of the reduction unit increasing as the distance from the material outlet of the oxidation unit increases, the flow rate of the full stream in the reduction unit being adapted ...

PROCESS TO PREPARE A CHAR PRODUCT

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product by pyrolysis or mild gasification of a solid biomass feed thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles having a reduced atomic hydrogen over carbon ratio and a reduced oxygen over carbon ratio relative to the solid biomass feed. The solid biomass feed are pellets of a solid torrefied biomass feed. The pyrolysis or mild gasification is performed at a temperature of between 500 and 800° C. and at a solid residence time of between 10 and 60 minutes. 116.-. (canceled)17. A process to prepare a char product the method comprising mild gasification of a solid biomass feed ,thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles having a reduced atomic hydrogen over carbon ratio and a reduced oxygen over carbon ratio relative to the solid biomass feed;wherein the solid biomass feed are pellets of a solid torrefied biomass feed having a content of volatiles of between 50 and 75 wt %; andwherein the mild gasification is performed at a temperature of between 500 and 800° C. and at a solid residence time of between 10 and 60 minutes and in the presence of oxygen and steam.18. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the mild gasification is performed in an elongated reactor wherein the biomass is continuously transported from a solids inlet at one end of an elongated reactor to a solids outlet at the other end of the elongated reactor.19. The process according to claim 17 , wherein the solid biomass feed is subjected to a mild gasification by contacting the solid biomass feed with an oxygen comprising gas and wherein the amount of oxygen is between 0.1 and 0.3 mass oxygen per mass biomass.20. The process according to claim 19 , wherein the oxygen comprising gas is air.21. The ...

Reactor and Process for Gasifying and/or Melting of Feed Materials

This invention relates to a method and a reactor for gasifying a carbonaceous feedstock material. The method includes the steps of choke-feeding a carbonaceous feedstock material into a pyrolysis zone of the reactor to form a discharge bed; heating the discharge bed to initiate pyrolysis of the feedstock material to form a pyrolysis product; providing a lower lying upper oxidation zone; gasifying the pyrolysis product to form a bed of char; converting thermal energy into chemical energy in an upper reduction zone; providing a lower lying lower oxidation zone; collecting any metal slag and/or slag melts in the lower oxidation zone; and discharging hot reducing gases having a temperature of at least 1300° C. and a CO/CO 2 ratio of ≥5, more preferably ≥15.

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthesis Gas

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out under pressure claim 1 , preferably greater than full vacuum and less than 600 psig claim 1 , more preferably between atmospheric pressure and 100 psig.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the syngas composition has a H2:CO ratio from about 0.5 to about 1.5 claim 1 , preferably about 0.8 to about 1.0.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous fuel material comprises biomass fuel selected from wood chips claim 1 , railway tie chips claim 1 , waste wood claim 1 , forestry waste claim 1 , sewage sludge claim 1 , pet coke claim 1 , coal claim 1 , Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) claim 1 , Refuse-derived Fuel (RDF) claim 1 , or any combination.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the biomass fuel is formed by a chipping claim 4 , shredding claim 4 , extrusion claim 4 , mechanical processing claim 4 , compacting claim 4 , pelletizing claim 4 , granulating claim 4 , or crushing process.6. The process of claim 4 , where the biofuel has been sprayed with claim 4 , coated with or impregnated with liquid or solid carbonaceous materials.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the PDX stage temperature is greater than 1250° C. claim 1 , or greater than the ash fusion temperature to create liquid slag.8. The process of claim 1 , further comprising processing and cooling the tar free syngas to be used for ...

Thermal and chemical utilization of carbonaceous materials, in particular for emission-free generation of energy

A process for the generation of energy and/or hydrocarbons and other products utilizing carbonaceous materials. In a first process stage (P 1 ) the carbonaceous materials are supplied and are pyrolysed, wherein pyrolysis coke (M 21 ) and pyrolysis gas (M 22 ) are formed. In a second process stage (P 2 ), the pyrolysis coke (M 21 ) from the first process stage (P 1 ) is gasified, wherein synthesis gas (M 24 ) is formed, and slag and other residues (M 91 , M 92 , M 93 , M 94 ) are removed. In a third process stage (P 3 ), the synthesis gas (M 24 ) from the second process stage (P 2 ) is converted into hydrocarbons and/or other solid, liquid, and/or gaseous products (M 60 ), which are discharged. The three process stages (P 1 , P 2 , P 3 ) form a closed cycle. Surplus gas (M 25 ) from the third process stage (P 3 ) is passed as recycle gas into the first process stage (P 1 ), and/or the second process stage (P 2 ), and pyrolysis gas (M 22 ) from the first process stage (P 1 ) is passed into the second process stage (P 2 ), and/or the third process stage (P 3 ).

All-Steam Gasification with Carbon Capture

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for all-steam gasification with carbon capture includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and produces micronized char, steam, volatiles, hydrogen, and volatiles at outlets. An indirect gasifier includes a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char, a conveying fluid, and steam. The gasification chamber produces syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets. A combustion chamber receives a mixture of hydrogen and oxidant and burns the mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and nitrogen. The heat for gasification is transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand. The system of the present teaching produces nitrogen free high hydrogen syngas for applications such as IGCC with CCS, CTL, and Polygeneration plants. 1. A carbonaceous fuel gasification system comprising:a) a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam, the micronized char preparation system producing micronized char, steam, volatiles, and hydrogen at outlets; and i. a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char from the micronized char preparation system, and that receives a conveying fluid and steam, the gasification chamber producing syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets; and', 'ii. a combustion chamber that receives a mixture of hydrogen and oxidant, the combustion chamber burning the mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and nitrogen, the heat for gasification being transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand., 'b) an ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SYNGAS FROM CARBON BASED MATERIAL

“Syngas” is produced from carbon based material in a system comprising means for feeding material into the system, means for combustion thereof, means for use of Syngas and means for extraction of combustion residues, combustion means comprise: a sealed combustion chamber, with temperatures of 300-600° C.; device for injection of gas into the combustion chamber; device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced/to be introduced into the combustion chamber, where the method comprises: introducing the material into a combustion chamber at a constant temperature of 300-600° C.; residence of the material therein for 5-13 hours; the residence time allowing a combustion to decompose organic molecules of the material producing Syngas, continuously drawn off, and carbonous residues; residence of the carbonous residues at the temperature for 7-13 hours with excess air; the excess air for completely incinerating the carbonous residue; and use of the Syngas and extraction of the ash produced by the above. 1. A method for producing “Syngas” from carbon based material in a system comprising means for feeding said material into said system , means for combustion of said material , adapted to produce Syngas , means for use of said Syngas and means for extraction of residues of said combustion , wherein said means for combustion of said material comprise:a sealed combustion chamber for decomposing the organic molecules of said carbon based material into a mixture of gases and into ash;a device for injection of gas into said combustion chamber;a device for monitoring the quantity of gas introduced or to be introduced into said combustion chamber, for guaranteeing a correct sub-stoichiometric ratio for decomposition of said organic molecules,wherein said method comprises the following steps:a) introducing said material into the combustion chamber at a constant temperature between 300 and 600° C.;b) maintaining said material in said combustion chamber for a residence time of ...

Process and plant for biomass treatment

Described is a plant and process for biomass treatment, where the plant is configured to actuate said process which comprises: —a step A of thermochemical treatment of transformation of a biomass into a carbonaceous solid, where this transformation involves treating the biomass at a treatment temperature of between 150° C. and 300° C. and at a treatment pressure of between 10 atm and 50 atm for 0.5-8 hours, in the presence of water, with accessory production of a treatment gas; —a step B of mixing the treatment gas with an auxiliary gas, to obtain operating gas; —a step C of thermochemical decomposition of the carbonaceous solid in an atmosphere consisting of the operating gas, where the thermochemical decomposition is suitable to obtain a combustible synthesis gas. step

BIOMASS PROCESSING DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS

Biomass processing devices, systems and methods used to convert biomass to, for example, liquid hydrocarbons, renewable chemicals, and/or composites are described. The biomass processing system can include a pyrolysis device, a hydroprocessor and a gasifier. Biomass, such as wood chips, is fed into the pyrolysis device to produce char and pyrolysis vapors. Pyrolysis vapors are processed in the hydroprocessor, such as a deoxygenation device, to produce hydrocarbons, light gas, and water. Water and char produced by the system can be used in the gasifier to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which may be recycled back to the pyrolysis device and/or hydroprocessor. 1. A pyrolysis device comprising:a housing having an inlet and an outlet; and an upstream end adjacent the inlet of the housing;', 'a downstream end adjacent the outlet of the housing;', 'a core extending between the upstream end and the downstream end; and', 'a helical blade wound around the core between the upstream end and the downstream end;, 'an auger positioned within the housing, the auger having the inlet of the housing is configured to receive biomass; and', 'the pyrolysis device is configured to convert the biomass to a pyrolysis vapor and to', 'produce a pressure seal formed by material in transition between biomass and pyrolysis vapor, the pressure being seal positioned between the inlet of the housing and the outlet of the housing., 'wherein2. The pyrolysis device of claim 1 , wherein the core of the auger is tapered from a first diameter at the upstream end to a second diameter at the downstream end claim 1 , the first diameter being smaller than the second diameter.3. The pyrolysis device of claim 2 , wherein:the helical blade has a blade height measured from an outer surface of the core in a direction perpendicular to a rotational axis of the core to a terminal end of the helical blade; andthe height of the helical blade varies from the upstream end to the downstream end of the auger.4. The ...

SEPARATED CHAMBERS PYROLYSIS FURNACE

The present invention is directed to an apparatus for domestic hot water and electricity production by the use of a natural organic fuel, the apparatus comprising a separated chambers pyrolysis furnace comprising: a) a pyrolysis chamber wherein the fuel is heated, substantially in the absence of oxygen at a temperature capable of causing pyrolysis of fuel; b) a combustion chamber of the pyrolyzed fuel, wherein the pyrolyzed fuel is burned in the presence of an air flux. The invention is also directed to an apparatus for the production of domestic hot water and electricity, which apparatus comprises: the above defined furnace; b) a heat exchanger connected to the exit of the exhausted gas, wherein domestic water is heated; c) a power generator connected with the exit of syngas, wherein syngas produced in the pyrolysis chamber is used as a fuel. 21250104020. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the furnace comprises an entrance for the organic fuel claim 1 , an entrance () for air claim 1 , an exit () in the pyrolysis chamber () for syngas and an exit () in the combustion chamber () for the exhausted gas.320. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein in the combustion chamber () it is present a probe for the measurement of oxygen concentration claim 1 , preferably a lambda probe.420. Apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the airflow inside the combustion zone () is regulated as a function of oxygen concentration.5. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the natural organic fuel is selected from pellet claim 1 , chips claim 1 , hazelnut shells claim 1 , sawing claim 1 , biomasses.61050. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis zone () consists of a cochlea claim 1 , and the syn-gas produced by pyrolysis is extracted through pipe () connected to an aspiration pump.72011401011. Apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the combustion zone () is fed by a star valve () claim 1 , and the exhaust fumes pipe () is connected to the pyrolysis zone () ...

All-Steam Gasification with Solid Fuel Preparation System

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a transport reactor with a pulverizer function that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam that produces micronized char, steam, and volatiles. An indirect gasifier includes a pressure vessel reactor comprising a dense bed of solids. A draft tube can be inside or outside the pressure vessel. A combustor provides heat for the gasification reaction by combustion of hydrogen and air and that provides products of combustion that flow through the draft tube. A distributor plate receives the micronized char, steam, and devolatilized hydrocarbons from the output of the micronized char preparation system. The indirect gasifier mixes the micronized char with steam at a temperature that converts them to syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide. 1. A carbonaceous fuel gasification system comprising:a) a micronized char preparation system comprising a transport reactor with a pulverizer function that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam to provide heat for devolatilization, the micronized char preparation system producing micronized char, steam, and volatiles at an output; and i) a draft tube in the pressure vessel;', 'ii) a dense bed of solids that surrounds the draft tube;', 'iii) a combustor positioned below the draft tube that provides heat for the gasification reaction by combustion of hydrogen and air and that provides products of combustion that flow through the draft tube and exit at a vent positioned in the pressure vessel; and', 'iv) a distributor plate that receives the micronized char, steam, and devolatilized hydrocarbons from the output of the micronized char preparation system,, 'b) an indirect gasifier, comprising a pressure vessel reactor comprisingwherein the indirect gasifier mixes the micronized char with steam at a temperature that converts them to syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon ...

EMISSION-FREE DEVICES AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK AND FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL AND THERMAL ENERGY

The device for performing mechanical work and/or producing electrical or thermal energy, the energy necessary for operation is obtained from the oxidation of carbonaceous fuels into carbon dioxide and water. The device comprises means for compression and/or condensation of the exhaust gas, and storage means for receiving the compressed and/or condensed exhaust gas. 1. A fuelling installation for fuelling a mobile machine with gaseous or liquid fuels , wherein the mobile machine comprises a device for performing mechanical work and/or for producing electrical energy that obtains the energy necessary for operation from the oxidation of carbonaceous fuels into an exhaust gas consisting essentially of carbon dioxide and water , and comprises a device for compressing and/or condensing the exhaust gas and a storage means for receiving the compressed and/or condensed exhaust gas; comprising means for the removal of compressed gases , in particular carbon dioxide , from a storage means of the mobile machine.2. The fuelling installation according to claim 2 , comprising means for fuelling the mobile machine with oxygen or oxygen-enriched air.3. A supply system for the supply of one or more consumers with gaseous and/or liquid fuels claim 2 , comprising a first supply network for the transport of the fuels from one or more production installations and/or from one or more first storage means to the consumers claim 2 , and a second return network for transporting back exhaust gases claim 2 , in particular carbon dioxide claim 2 , from the consumers to one of more production installations and/or to one or more second storage means.4. A fuelling installation for fuelling a mobile machine with gaseous or liquid fuels claim 2 ,wherein the mobile machine comprises a device for performing mechanical work and/or for producing electrical energy that obtains the energy necessary for operation from the oxidation of carbonaceous fuels into an exhaust gas consisting essentially of carbon ...

PYROLYSIS PROCESSING OF SOLID WASTE FROM A WATER TREATMENT PLANT

The present invention provides methods and apparatus for treating waste, such as municipal waste via pyrolysis and yielding one or more of heat energy; electrical energy and fuel. In some embodiments, waste feed stock can be municipal waste in black bag form. In some the present invention additionally provides for processing of hundreds of tons of municipal waste each day. 1. A method of treating solid waste from a water treatment plant , the method comprising:conveying said waste from a water treatment plant comprising one or both of inorganic material and organic material into a pre-conditioner unit;exposing the organic material to an environment of saturated steam;heating the environment of saturated steam containing the organic matter to a temperature of 160° C. or more;following the exposing of the organic material to an environment of saturated steam, pyrolysizing the organic material as a result of heating of the organic material in an retort comprising multiple heat radiant tubes providing heat distribution within the retort and the retort comprising an environment depleted of oxygen and maintained at about 700° C. or more;producing synthetic gaseous by-product via the pyrolyzing of the organic material; anddischarging the synthetic gaseous by product via ports from the retort into a manifold.2. The method of additionally comprising the steps of heating said waste from the water treatment plant in said pre-conditioner unit to a temperature of between about 400° C. and 600° C. to essentially sterilize at least a majority of said waste from the water treatment plant; andfollowing sterilization of the waste from the water treatment plant, separating inorganic materials from the organic materials.3. The method of wherein the organic material comprises one or more of: cellulosic flakes claim 2 , wood and textiles.4. The method of wherein the inorganic material comprises one or both of aluminum and magnetic metals.5. The method of wherein the step of heating said ...

Method and system for the manufacture of methane as well as heat and electricity by hydrogasification of biomass

The method for the manufacture of bio-methane and eco-methane as well as electric and thermal energy according to the present invention consists in hydrogasification of a mixture of bio-carbon and fossil carbon in a carbon hydrogasification reactor using bio-hydrogen obtained in a bio-hydrogen production reactor from a mixture of bio-methane and steam in the presence of a catalyst and with a COacceptor being a mixture of magnesium and calcium oxides. The raw gas formed, after purification, is subjected to separation into hydrogen and methane sent to a hydrogen production process and to feed a power generation unit. Spent COacceptor is subjected to calcination and the COproduced in the calcination process is directed to a COsequestration process. The system for the manufacture of methane and energy consists of a first reactor () for the hydrogasification of a mixture of bio-carbon and carbon prepared by a carbon feed preparation unit () connected to a biomass pyrolysis apparatus () and a carbon conveyor () and fed by a carbon mixture conveyor () to the first reactor () connected to a vapour and gas separator (), said separator having a hydrogen outlet connected to the first reactor () and a methane outlet connected to a third reactor () and the power generation unit (). Additionally, the third reactor () has a COacceptor inlet connected to a second reactor () for the calcination of the spent COacceptor and a spent COoutlet at the third reactor () connected via a conveyor () to the second reactor (). A COpipeline () is connected to a COsequestration system, whereas another COpipeline () for the regenerating COstream exiting the second reactor () is connected via a heat exchanger () and a preheater () of that stream, connected via a pipeline () to the second reactor (). 1. A method for the manufacture of bio-methane and eco-methane as well as electricity and thermal energy using a process of pyrolysing biomass to biocarbon mixed with comminuted and , possibly , ...

System and processes for upgrading synthetic gas produced from waste materials, municipal solid waste or biomass

A system and process for producing synthetic gas from solid fuel comprising waste material, municipal solid waste or biomass, and for upgrading the synthetic gas produced. The system and process utilizes a first thermal chamber having a gasification zone in which a fuel stream is gasified by thermal oxidation to produce a first synthetic gas stream and heat; a pyrolysis reactor housed within the first thermal chamber where fuel undergoes pyrolysis to produce a second synthetic gas stream; and a thermal catalytic reactor comprising a second thermal chamber having a catalyst chamber within with a selected catalyst. The first synthetic gas stream is completely thermally oxidized to produce high temperature flue gas that imparts heat to the catalyst chamber in which the second synthetic gas stream is thermally cracked and directed over the catalyst to yield a finished gas or liquid product having a desired chemical composition as determined by the selected catalyst.

Method and Device for Using Oxygen in the Steam Reforming of Biomass

A device is presented and described for the use of oxygen for the thermochemical gasification of biomass in at least one fluidised bed reactor, a heater being arranged in the fluidised bed of the fluidised bed reactor and the fluidised bed reactor being heatable by at least partial oxidation of a combustible gas with oxygen.

Process For Converting Carbonaceous Material Into Low Tar Synthetic Gas

A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas. The process involves forming a pyrolysis residue bed having a uniform depth and width to pass raw syngas there through for an endothermic reaction, while controlling the reduction zone pressure drop, resident time and syngas flow space velocity during the endothermic reaction to form substantially tar free syngas, to reduce carbon content in the pyrolysis residue, and to reduce the temperature of raw syngas as compared to the temperature of the partial oxidation zone. 1. A continuous multi-stage vertically sequenced gasification process for conversion of solid carbonaceous fuel material into clean (low tar) syngas in a gasifier comprising:i) a pyrolysis zone,ii) a partial oxidation zone located vertically downstream of the pyrolysis zone,iii) a reduction zone located vertically downstream of the partial oxidation zone and comprising an downwardly angled perforated floor and a deflector located in the center of the floor;said process comprising the steps of:a) feeding the carbonaceous fuel material through the upper portion of the pyrolysis zone vertically downward towards the lower portion of the pyrolysis zone, while pyrolyzing said fuel into pyrolysis vapours comprising tar, and pyrolysis residue comprising char containing ash and carbon;b) optionally adding a first oxidant to the lower portion of said pyrolysis zone to achieve a temperature greater than 200° C.;c) directing said pyrolysis vapours to said partial oxidation (POX) zone, and directing said pyrolysis residue downwardly to the reduction zone via a separation member positioned between said pyrolysis zone and said partial oxidation zone, the separation member comprising a plurality of slanted vents;d) adding a second oxidant in the partial oxidation zone to achieve a temperature greater than 900° C. to reform said pyrolysis vapours into raw syngas containing ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING PROCESS WATER

In accordance with one embodiment, a process is described for a water treatment process in which process water is treated with recycled biochar. In accordance with one aspect, process water is passed through activated carbon generated by the biomass pyrolysis and gasification. In accordance with another aspect, the process water is treated to expel gaseous compounds within the process water. In this manner both inorganics, light organics and heavy organics can be removed from the process water. No fermentation is involved. 1. A method for removing contaminants from process water comprising:pyrolyzing biomass to produce gaseous compounds and biochar;gasifying the biochar from the pyrolysis process to create an adsorptive medium; andtreating a process water comprising one or more of organic contaminants, inorganic contaminants or particulate contaminants by passing the process water through the adsorptive medium to remove one or more of organic contaminants, inorganic contaminants or particulate contaminants to produce treated process water.2. The method of further comprising gasifying organic contaminants adsorbed on the adsorptive medium.3. The method of wherein the gaseous compounds and biochar resulting from the pyrolyzing step are substantially uncontaminated.4. The method of wherein the minerals content of the biochar in the adsorptive medium increases after gasifying organic contaminants adsorbed on the adsorptive medium.5. The method of wherein the biomass is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis reactor selected from the group consisting of fixed bed reactors claim 1 , fluidized bed reactors claim 1 , circulating bed reactors claim 1 , bubbling fluid bed reactors claim 1 , vacuum moving bed reactors claim 1 , entrained flow reactors claim 1 , cyclonic or vortex reactors claim 1 , rotating cone reactors claim 1 , auger reactors claim 1 , ablative reactors claim 1 , microwave or plasma assisted pyrolysis reactors claim 1 , and vacuum moving bed reactors.6. The method of ...

WASTE-TO-ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM

A pyrolysis waste-to-energy conversion system has a muffle furnace housing a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace. A rotating retort drum drive applies rotary drive to the inlet rotating retort drum sleeves and an in-feed auger is within a tube within the inlet sleeve. An out-feed auger is within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system. The inlet sleeve and said outlet sleeve are arranged to provide a gas seal to prevent air ingress or syngas egress to and from the rotating retort drum. A gas cleaning system has a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system. 1. A pyrolysis conversion system comprising:a muffle furnace,a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace; a rotating retort drum drive applying rotary drive to at least one of said rotating retort drum sleeves,an in-feed auger within a tube within the inlet sleeve, and an out-feed auger within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system comprising a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system,wherein the cracking tower comprises a mixing chamber linked with, and upstream of, a residence chamber, andwherein the mixing chamber comprises a burner for heat generation and an oxidant port arranged to mix and partially consume a portion of the gas as it passes through the mixing chamber.2. The pyrolysis conversion system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixing chamber is linked to the residence chamber by a choke ring having a central ...

Process and System for Production of Synthesis Gas

Methods and apparatus may permit the generation of consistent output synthesis gas from highly variable input feedstock solids carbonaceous materials. A stoichiometric objectivistic chemic environment may be established to stoichiometrically control carbon content in a solid carbonaceous materials gasifier system. Processing of carbonaceous materials may include dominative pyrolytic decomposition and multiple coil carbonaceous reformation. Dynamically adjustable process determinative parameters may be utilized to refine processing, including process utilization of negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, process utilization of flue gas, and adjustment of process flow rate characteristics. Recycling may be employed for internal reuse of process materials, including recycled negatively electrostatically enhanced water species, recycled flue gas, and recycled contaminants. Synthesis gas generation may involve predetermining a desired synthesis gas for output and creating high yields of such a predetermined desired synthesis gas. 189-. (canceled)90. A method for select synthesis gas generation from solid carbonaceous materials comprising the steps of:inputting a feedstock solids carbonaceous material;pneumatically propelling said feedstock solids carbonaceous material;subjecting said feedstock solids carbonaceous material to a pressurized environment;increasing a temperature within said pressurized environment to which said feedstock solids carbonaceous material is subjected;processing said feedstock solids carbonaceous material in a gasifier system;generating at least some components of a select product gas in response to said step of processing; andoutputting at least some select product gas from said gasifier system.91. A method for select synthesis gas generation from solid carbonaceous materials as described in wherein the step of processing said feedstock solids carbonaceous material in a gasifier system comprises the step of:pyrolytically decomposing ...

FLUIDIZED BED COKING WITH FUEL GAS PRODUCTION

A Flexicoking™ unit which retains the capability of converting heavy oil feeds to lower boiling liquid hydrocarbon products while making a fuel gas from rejected coke to provide only a minimal coke yield. The heater section of the conventional three section unit (reactor, heater, gasifier) is eliminated and all or a portion of the cold coke from the reactor is passed directly to the gasifier which is modified by the installation of separators to remove coke particles from the product gas which is taken out of the gasifier for ultization. In one embodiment, a portion of cold coke is transferred directly from the reactor to the gasifier, and another portion of cold coke is combined with hot, partly gasified coke particles transferred directly from the gasifier to the reactor. The hot coke from the gasifier is passed directly to the coking zone of the reactor to supply heat to support the endothermic cracking reactions and supply seed nuclei for the formation of coke in the reactor. Coke is withdrawn from the gasifier to remove excess coke and to purge the system of metals and ash. 1. A coking process for converting a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to lower boiling products in a fluid coking process unit comprised of a fluid coking reactor and a gasifier , comprising:(i) introducing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock into the coking zone of a fluid coking reactor containing a fluidized bed of solid particles maintained at coking temperatures to produce a vapor phase product including normally liquid hydrocarbons, while coke is deposited on the solid particles forming cold coke to be transferred;(ii) transferring the cold coke by passing a first portion of the cold coke directly to the gasifier,(iii) contacting the cold coke in the gasifier with steam and an oxygen-containing gas in an oxygen limited atmosphere at an elevated temperature of about 850 to 1000° C. and at a pressure of from about 0 to 1000 kPag to heat the cold coke into hot coke and form a fuel gas product ...

THREE-STAGE ENERGY-INTEGRATED PRODUCT GAS GENERATION METHOD

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage. 127-. (canceled)28. A method for producing a H2 , CO , and CO2 from a carbonaceous material using a first reactor , a second reactor , and a third reactor , the method comprising:(a) reacting carbonaceous material with a steam reactant in the first reactor and producing a first reactor product gas containing char;(b) introducing at least a portion of the char generated in step (a) into the second reactor;(c) reacting the char of step (b) with an oxygen-containing gas in the second reactor and producing a second reactor product gas;(d) transferring the first reactor product gas generated in step (a) and the second reactor product gas generated in step (c) to the third reactor, to form a combined product gas;(e) reacting the combined product gas with an oxygen-containing gas in the third reactor to generate a third reactor product gas and heat;(f) transferring heat generated in step (e) to a heat transfer medium contained within a third reactor heat exchanger in thermal contact with the interior of the third reactor;(g) transferring at least some of the heat transfer medium which has passed through the third reactor heat exchanger, to a second reactor heat exchanger in thermal contact with the interior of the second reactor;(h) introducing a first portion of the heat transfer medium which has passed through the second reactor heat exchanger, into the first reactor as the steam reactant of step ( ...

Waste-to-energy conversion system

A pyrolysis waste-to-energy conversion system has a muffle furnace housing a rotating retort drum within the furnace and having an inlet sleeve and an outlet sleeve extending through inlet and outlet ends of the muffle furnace. A rotating retort drum drive applies rotary drive to the inlet rotating retort drum sleeves and an in-feed auger is within a tube within the inlet sleeve. An out-feed auger is within a tube within the outlet sleeve and arranged to deliver char and pyrolysis syngas to a char processing system and a syngas processing system. The inlet sleeve and said outlet sleeve are arranged to provide a gas seal to prevent air ingress or syngas egress to and from the rotating retort drum. A gas cleaning system has a cracking tower arranged to retain inlet gas at an elevated temperature for a residence time, and a gas quench and scrubber system.

A GASIFIER

A gasifier may include a chamber wall defining a gasification chamber configured to allow gasification of feedstock material. The gasifier may also include an ash grate disposed in the gasification chamber. The gasifier may further include a rotary crusher disposed in the gasification chamber above the ash grate. The rotary crusher may include at least one crushing element. The rotary crusher may be configured to break apart, between the at least one crushing element and an opposing surface, the feedstock material responsive to rotation of the rotary crusher. 133-. (canceled)34. A gasifier comprising:a chamber wall defining a gasification chamber configured to allow gasification of feedstock material;an ash grate disposed in said gasification chamber; anda rotary crusher disposed in said gasification chamber above said ash grate, wherein said rotary crusher includes at least one crushing element, andwherein said rotary crusher is configured to break apart, between said at least one crushing element and an opposing surface, said feedstock material responsive to rotation of said rotary crusher.35. The gasifier of claim 34 , wherein said rotary crusher comprises a crusher base configured to support said at least one crushing element claim 34 , and wherein said crusher base is dome-shaped.36. The gasifier of claim 34 , wherein said ash grate is fixed in said gasification chamber.37. The gasifier of claim 34 , wherein said opposing surface is a surface of a portion of said chamber wall.38. The gasifier of claim 34 , wherein said chamber wall defines a cavity claim 34 , and further comprising:an element disposed at least partially within said cavity, andwherein said opposing surface is a surface of said element.39. The gasifier of claim 38 , wherein said element is replaceable.40. The gasifier of claim 38 , wherein said element is composed of a different material than said chamber wall.41. The gasifier of claim 38 , wherein said element is composed of firebrick.42. The ...

VARIOUS METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR MULTI-STAGE SYNTHESIS GAS GENERATION

A multiple stage synthesis gas generation system is disclosed including a high radiant heat flux reactor, a gasifier reactor control system, and a Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) reactor. The SMR reactor is in parallel and cooperates with the high radiant heat flux reactor to produce a high quality syngas mixture for MeOH synthesis. The resultant products from the two reactors may be used for the MeOH synthesis. The SMR provides hydrogen rich syngas to be mixed with the potentially carbon monoxide rich syngas from the high radiant heat flux reactor. The combination of syngas component streams from the two reactors can provide the required hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio for methanol synthesis. The SMR reactor control system and a gasifier reactor control system interact to produce a high quality syngas mixture for the MeOH synthesis. 1. A multiple stage synthesis gas generation system , comprising:a high-radiant heat-flux reactor configured to receive biomass particles that undergo a biomass gasification reaction in the reactor at greater than 950 degrees C., via primarily due to a radiant heat emitted from the high-radiant heat-flux reactor, to produce reactant products including ash and syngas products of hydrogen and carbon monoxide coming out of an exit of the high-radiant heat-flux reactor;a Steam Methane Reformer (SMR) reactor configured to receive a methane-based gas, where the SMR reactor is in parallel to and cooperates with the high-radiant heat-flux reactor to produce a high quality syngas mixture for methanol synthesis between the resultant reactant products coming from the two reactors, wherein the SMR provides 1) hydrogen gas, 2) a hydrogen-rich syngas composition, in which a ratio of hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide is higher than a ratio generally needed for methanol synthesis, and 3) any combination of the two, to be mixed with a potentially carbon-monoxide-rich syngas composition, in which a ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen is higher than the ratio ...

Method and Device for Converting Municipal Waste Into Energy

A method and device for converting municipal waste into energy. This method involves heating the waste in multiple sections of a chamber to produce syngas and biochar. The syngas is removed with a vacuum pump and the biochar advances to the next section and is heated to a higher temperature to release more syngas. All of the collected syngas is then transferred to a bio-reactor that removes dangerous carbon monoxide from the syngas mixture by combining the syngas with hydrogen, causing the carbon monoxide to react with the hydrogen and produce methane and water. The resulting syngas can then be used for electricity production or stored as dimethyl ether. 1) A device for converting solid waste into energy , comprising: an insulated interior;', 'one or more walls defining an interior volume;', 'an opening disposed on a lower end of one or more sidewalls; and', 'door configured to removably seal the opening;, 'a heating chamber comprising an interior volume, wherein the interior volume includes one or more heating sections, wherein each of one or more heating sections comprisea vacuum pump operably connected to the interior volume of each of the one or more heating sections;a bio-reactor operably connected to the vacuum pump;a hydrogen generator operably connected to the bio-reactor and configured to input hydrogen into the bio-reactor;an output port disposed on the bio-reactor.2) The device of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of heating sections are stacked vertically within the heating chamber in order to allow waste therein to be moved from one heating sections to another by gravity.3) The device of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a biochar storage tank in fluid communication with a bottom heating section claim 1 , the biochar storage tank containing cooling water.4) The device of further comprising a door opening mechanism operably connected to the door of a heating section claim 1 , such that the door automatically opens once the heating section ...

GASIFICATION SYSTEM

Processes and systems are provided for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a reaction gas and a syngas, involving a step of pyrolysing and methanating the feedstock in a pyrolysis chamber to produce the reaction gas and a step of gasifying unconverted feedstock in the presence of a reactant to produce a syngas. 1. A process for converting a carbonaceous feedstock into a reaction gas , comprising the step of:i) pyrolysing and methanating the feedstock to produce a reaction gas in at least one pyrolysis chamber, wherein the at least one pyrolysis chamber operates at a temperature at or above 853° C.2. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one pyrolysis chamber operates at a temperature at or above 950° C. claim 1 ,3. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous feedstock comprises coal claim 1 ,4. A process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reaction gas comprises methane.5. A process as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the steps of claim 1 ,ii) removing the reaction gas from the at least one pyrolysis chamber,iii) gasifying the unconverted feedstock from the at least one pyrolysis chamber to produce a syngas in at least one gasification chamber, wherein the at least one gasification chamber comprises one or more reactant injection ports for injecting reactant to enable gasification and operates at a temperature between 700-1100° C.,iv) removing the syngas from the at least one gasification chamber.6. A process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the syngas comprises at least one of tar claim 5 , hydrogen and carbon monoxide claim 5 ,7. A process as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the reactant comprises at least one of steam claim 5 , hydrogen claim 5 , oxygen and air.8. A process as claimed in claim 5 , further comprising a step of separating a hydrocarbon having a carbon number of at least two from the reaction gas and the syngas to form a product gas and a purified syngas respectively.9. A process as claimed in claim 8 , wherein ...

Waste processing apparatus and method of feeding waste

A waste processing apparatus may include a pyrolyser and a feed assembly. The feed assembly may include a feed duct including a waste inlet configured to receive waste. The feed duct may further include a waste outlet configured to discharge the waste from the feed duct to the pyrolyser. The feed assembly may also include a feed screw disposed within the feed duct configured to convey the waste from the waste inlet to the waste outlet. The feed assembly may further include a rotary drive configured to cause the feed screw to convey the waste from the waste inlet to the waste outlet. The feed assembly may also include a rotational resistance sensor configured to monitor a parameter related to resistance to rotation. The feed assembly may further include a rotary drive controller configured to reduce, based on the parameter, a rotary output speed of the rotary drive.

ULTRA-LOW WATER INPUT OIL SANDS RECOVERY PROCESS

A method of processing raw oil sands material that includes bitumen. The method includes, in a predistillation process, heating the raw oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C. to at least partially vaporize the bitumen, to provide atmospheric gas oil and vacuum gas oil from the bitumen, and to provide coked oil sands material that includes carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand. The coked oil sands material is heated to approximately 900° C., to produce a dry barren hot oil sands material and syngas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases. Heat energy is transferred from at least a portion of the barren hot oil sands material to the raw oil sands material. 1. A method of processing raw oil sands material comprising bitumen , the method comprising: (i) heating the oil sands material to between approximately 350° C. and approximately 400° C., to produce atmospheric gas oil from the bitumen, and intermediate dried oil sands material;', '(ii) heating the intermediate dried oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C., to produce vacuum gas oil and coked oil sands material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand;, '(a) subjecting an oil sands material comprising the raw oil sands material to a predistillation process comprising(b) heating the coked oil sands material to approximately 900° C., to produce a dry barren hot oil sands material and syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases; and(c) transferring heat energy from at least a portion of the barren hot oil sands material to at least one of the oil sands material and the intermediate dried oil sands material.2. A method according to additionally comprising:(d) refining the atmospheric gas oil to provide at least one of liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline; and(e) refining the vacuum gas oil to provide at least one of jet fuel, diesel fuel, and gas oil.3. A method according to in which the syngas is further ...

INTEGRATED COAL GASIFICATION COMBINED POWER GENERATION PROCESS WITH ZERO CARBON EMISSION

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and particularly discloses an integrated coal gasification combined power generation process with zero carbon emission, the process comprising: pressurizing air for performing air separation to obtain liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, wherein the liquid oxygen is used for gasification and power generation, the liquid nitrogen is applied as the coolant for the gasification and power generation, the liquid nitrogen and a part of liquid oxygen stored during the valley period with low electricity load are provided for use during the peak period with high electricity load; the pulverized coal delivered under pressure and high-pressure oxygen enter a coal gasification furnace for gasification, so as to generate high-temperature fuel gas, which subjects to heat exchange and purification, and then the high-pressure fuel gas enters into a combustion gas turbine along with oxygen and recyclable COfor burning and driving an air compressor and a generator to rotate at a high speed; the air compressor compresses the air to a pressure of 0.4˜0.8 MPa, and the generator generates electricity; the high-temperature combustion flue gas performs the supercritical COpower generation, its coolant is liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen; the heat exchanged combustion fuel gas subsequently perform heat exchange with liquid nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen vaporizes to drive a nitrogen turbine generator for generating electricity, the cooled flue gas is dehydrated and distilled to separate CO, a part of COis used for circulation and temperature control, and another portion of COis sold outward as liquid COproduct. The power generation process provided by the present disclosure not only solves the difficult problems of high water consumption, low power generation efficiency and small range of peak load adjustment capacity of the existing IGCC technology; but also can compress air with high unit volume for energy ...

PROCESS FOR CO-GASIFICATION OF TWO OR MORE CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCKS AND APPARATUS THEREOF

The present invention relates to a process for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, said process comprising combusting a first carbonaceous feedstock having high calorific value with low ash and high hydrogen content, to produce a heated effluent; carrying the heated effluent to second reactor where the heated effluent reacts with a second carbonaceous feedstock, having low calorific value with high ash and low hydrogen content, to produce synthesis gas.The present invention also relates to an apparatus for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock, comprising a first reactor (), having a first feedstock inlet port (), a oxygen or air inlet port (), a steam inlet port (), a ash removal port (), and a solid recycle port (); a first cyclone separator () connected to the first reactor () through a first cyclone separator inlet port (); a second reactor (), having a second feedstock inlet port (), and a ash removal port (), the second reactor is connected to the first cyclone separator () through a gaseous inlet port (); and a second cyclone separator (), having a fine particles removal port (), and an effluent port (), wherein the second cyclone separator is connected to the second reactor through a second cyclone separator inlet port (). 1. An apparatus for co-gasification of two or more carbonaceous feedstock , said apparatus comprising:{'b': 3', '1', '2', '9', '7', '6, 'a first reactor (), having a first feedstock inlet port (), a oxygen or air inlet port (), a steam inlet port (), an ash removal port (), and a solid recycle port ();'}{'b': 5', '3', '4, 'a first cyclone separator () connected to the first reactor () through a first cyclone separator inlet port ();'}{'b': 16', '10', '15', '5', '8, 'a second reactor (), having a second feedstock inlet port (), and an ash removal port (), wherein the second reactor is connected to the first cyclone separator () through a gaseous inlet port (); and'}{'b': 12', '13', '14', '11, 'a second ...

All-Steam Gasification for Supercritical CO2 Cycle System

A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for a supercritical COpower cycle system includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and produces micronized char, steam, hydrogen, and volatiles. An indirect gasifier includes a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char, a conveying gas, and steam where the gasification chamber provides syngas, ash, and steam. A combustion chamber receives syngas and an oxidant and burns the mixture of syngas with the oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and CO. The heat for gasification is transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand. A syngas cooler cools the syngas and generates steam and provides to a supercritical COpower cycle system that performs a supercritical COpower cycle for generating power. 1. A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for a supercritical COpower cycle system comprising:a) a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer, the micronized char preparation system being configured to receive solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and to produce micronized char, steam, hydrogen, and volatiles at one or more outlets; i) a vessel comprising a gasification chamber, the vessel being configured to receive the micronized char from the one or more outlets of the micronized char preparation system, a conveying gas, and steam, the gasification chamber providing syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets; and', {'sub': '2', 'ii) a combustion chamber being configured to receive syngas and an oxidant and to burn the mixture of syngas with the oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and CO, the combustion chamber being further configured to transfer heat for gasification from the ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING HYDROGEN-RICH GAS BY GASIFICATION OF SOLID ORGANIC SUBSTANCE AND STEAM

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by solid organics. For example, solid organic raw materials are heated in a pyrolysis reaction device to perform pyrolysis reaction, and gaseous product generated from the pyrolysis reaction performs gasification with steam in a moving bed gasification reaction device to generate hydrogen-rich product. The present disclosure also provides a system for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by solid organics, and the system may include a solid heat carrier grading-dedusting device; a pyrolysis reaction device; a moving bed gasification reaction device; and a riser and combustion reactor. The present disclosure may operate at atmospheric pressure, and the technology is simple and suitable for the gasification and co-gasification of various high-volatile solid organics, such as raw materials containing a relatively large amount of moisture, mineral substance, and sulfur content. 1. A method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas from solid organics , the method comprising:heating solid organic raw materials in a pyrolysis reaction device for pyrolytic formation of a gaseous product and steam; andperforming gasification of the gaseous product and steam in a moving bed gasification reaction device to generate hydrogen-rich gas, in which the gaseous product is generated from pyrolysis;wherein the pyrolysis reaction device is in parallel with the moving bed gasification reaction device, wherein, by passing through a solid heat carrier grading-dedusting device, the solid heat carrier is divided into two parts that are fed into the pyrolysis reaction device and moving bed gasification reaction device, respectively, wherein, when leaving the pyrolysis reaction device and moving bed gasification reaction device, the two parts of solid heat carrier are fed into a riser and combustion reactor to be heated and raised, and are then passed into the solid heat carrier grading-dedusting device to be further divided into two parts ...

METHOD OF GASIFYING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL AND A GASIFICATION SYSTEM

A method of gasifying carbonaceous material is described. The method comprises a first step of pyrolysing and partially gasifying the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char. The volatiles and the char are then separated and, subsequently, the char is gasified and the volatiles are reformed. The raw product gas is then finally cleaned with char or char-supported catalysts or other catalysts. 1. A method of gasifying a carbonaceous material , the method comprising the steps of:pyrolysing the carbonaceous material to produce volatiles and char;separating the char and the volatiles;gasifying the char;reforming the volatiles to produce a product gas; andpassing partially reformed volatiles and/or product gas through a product gas cleaning zone;wherein at least the steps of pyrolysing the carbonaceous material, gasifying the char, and reforming the volatiles to produce a product gas are performed in a vessel that has a pyrolysis zone, a char gasification zone, and a reforming zone, and that is directly coupled with the product gas cleaning zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product gas cleaning zone comprises a catalyst bed.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst bed comprises a moving bed of solid catalyst.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product gas cleaning zone comprises a plurality of catalyst beds arranged in series.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the catalyst bed comprises char claim 2 , a char-supported catalyst or ilmenite.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein claim 5 , when the catalyst bed comprises char or a char-supported catalyst claim 5 , the char or char-supported catalyst is prepared from the pyrolysis and/or partial gasification of the carbonaceous material.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the method further comprises discharging spent char or char-supported catalyst from the catalyst bed and gasifying the spent char or char-supported catalyst.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of pyrolysing the carbonaceous ...

SYSTEM AND A METHOD OF RECOVERING AND PROCESSING A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE FROM A SUBTERRANEAN FORMATION

The present invention relates to a method and system for recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation. The method comprises: (i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture; (ii) recovering said mobilised hydrocarbon mixture; (iii) deasphalting said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce deasphalted hydrocarbon and asphaltenes; (iv) gasifying said asphaltenes in a gasifier to generate hydrogen, steam and/or energy and CO; (v) upgrading said deasphalted hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and (vi) adding a diluent to said upgraded hydrocarbon, wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of hydrogen and diluent. 1. A method of recovering and processing a hydrocarbon mixture from a subterranean formation , comprising:(i) mobilising said hydrocarbon mixture;(ii) recovering said mobilised hydrocarbon mixture;(iii) deasphalting said recovered hydrocarbon mixture to produce deasphalted hydrocarbon and asphaltenes;{'sub': '2', '(iv) gasifying said asphaltenes in a gasifier to generate hydrogen, steam and/or energy and CO;'}(v) upgrading said deasphalted hydrocarbon by hydrogen addition to produce upgraded hydrocarbon; and(vi) adding a diluent to said upgraded hydrocarbon wherein said method is at least partially self-sufficient in terms of hydrogen and diluent.2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least some of said hydrogen for upgrading is hydrogen generated in the gasifying step.3. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said upgrading comprises thermal cracking.4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said upgrading comprises hydrotreating.5. A method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising fractionating said recovered hydrocarbon mixture prior to said deasphalting to produce a heavier fraction and at least one lighter fraction.6. A method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein said diluent comprises a lighter fraction obtained during fractionating.7. A method as claimed in claim 6 ...

Method and System for Performing Gasification of Carbonaceous Feedstock

The gasification of a carbonaceous material includes receiving a volume of feedstock, supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product via at least one pyrolysis reaction, super-heating the at least one pyrolysis reaction product, providing a volume of super-heated steam, mixing the volume of super-heated steam with the super-heated at least one pyrolysis reaction product and converting at least a portion of at least one reformed product to at least one synthesis gas product via at least one water-gas-shift reaction.

Methods and system for decreasing gas emissions from landfills

A method of diverting municipal solid waste (MSW) from a landfill that includes receiving, at a MSW processing system, a quantity of MSW, gasifying the quantity of MSW in a gasification unit to yield a syngas stream and biochar stream, converting at least a portion of the syngas to mixed alcohols in an alcohol synthesis unit, separating the mixed alcohols into one or more alcohol products, and determining a carbon offset for diverting the MSW from the landfill to the MSW processing system.

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR GASIFICATION

Provided are apparatus and methods of gasification using a circulating fluidized bed reactor comprising a separate pyrolysis reaction chamber, one or more primary char gasification chambers, and one or more secondary char gasification chambers which comprise an internal vertical reaction volume suitable for containing a particle bed fluidized by a predominantly vertical upwards gas flow. The vertical reaction volume is advantageous in that this provides the possibility for increased retention time of particles, facilitating comparatively slow “productive” temperature moderation based on endothermic char conversion. 1. A circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactor for thermal processing of added carbonaceous material , comprising:{'b': 1', '1', '2', '1', '1', '1', '1', '5, 'i': a', 'c', 'b', 'd, 'a first pyrolysis reaction chamber () comprising at least one inlet () for carbonaceous material (), at least one inlet () for fluidizing gas, and at least one outlet () for product gas situated in its upper part of the first reaction chamber () which product gas carries carbon containing char particles and recirculating inert particles, and an inlet () for product gas from a primary char gasification chamber (),'}{'b': 4', '4', '1', '4', '5', '14, 'i': a', 'b, 'one or more separators () each of which is in fluid communication with an outlet for product gas from the pyrolysis chamber and has an inlet () through which product gas carrying char and inert particles from the first pyrolysis reaction chamber () is received, and an outlet () through which a separated part of char and inert particles leave each separator and enter into a primary char gasification chamber () via one or more conduits (), and'}{'b': 5', '4', '5', '5', '6', '5', '5', '5', '7', '7', '9, 'i': a', 'b', 'd', 'c, 'one or more primary char gasification chambers () each of which is in fluid communication with at least one particle separator () and each of which comprises an inlet () for receiving recirculating ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR AT LEAST PARTIAL GASIFICATION OF SOLID ORGANIC FEED MATERIAL

A process for at least partial gasification of solid organic feed material, in which, from the feed material, in a low-temperature gasifier by low-temperature carbonization, a tar-containing low-temperature carbonization gas is obtained, and the low-temperature carbonization gas is then reacted in a high-temperature gasifier by partial oxidation and subsequent partial reduction to form a syngas, whereby, in a cooling appliance provided downstream of the high-temperature gasifier, the syngas is cooled in such a manner that alkalis present in the syngas remain in the gaseous phase, and coke particles present in the syngas already no longer possess stickiness, and that in a cyclone appliance provided downstream of the cooling appliance, a coarse fraction of coke particles is separated out from the syngas, wherein a fine fraction of the coke particles passes through the cyclone appliance together with the syngas.

System and method for flexible conversion of feedstock to oil and gas

A feedstock flexible process for converting feedstock into oil and gas includes (i) indirectly heated hydrous devolatilization of volatile feedstock components, (ii) indirectly heated thermochemical conversion of fixed carbon feedstock components, (iii) heat integration and recovery, (iv) vapor and gas pressurization, and (v) vapor and gas clean-up and product recovery. A system and method for feedstock conversion includes a thermochemical reactor integrated with one or more hydrous devolatilization and solids circulation subsystems configured to accept a feedstock mixture, comprised of volatile feedstock components and fixed carbon feedstock components, and continuously produce a volatile reaction product stream therefrom, while simultaneously and continuously capturing, transferring, and converting the fixed carbon feedstock components to syngas.

PROCESS TO PREPARE A CHAR PRODUCT AND A SYNGAS MIXTURE

The invention is directed to a process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid torrefied biomass feed comprising the following steps: (i) subjecting the solid biomass feed to a pyrolysis reaction thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles; (ii) separating the char particles as the char product from the gaseous fraction; (iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation to obtain a syngas mixture further comprising water and having an elevated temperature and (iv) contacting the syngas mixture with a carbonaceous compound to chemically quench the syngas mixture. The temperature of the syngas is reduced in step (iv) from between 1000 and 1600° C. to a temperature of between 800 and 1200° C. 115.-. (canceled)16. A process to prepare a char product and a syngas mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from a solid biomass feed comprising the following steps:(i) subjecting the solid biomass feed to a pyrolysis reaction thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles having a reduced atomic hydrogen over carbon ratio and a reduced oxygen over carbon ratio relative to the solid biomass feed and wherein the solid biomass feed are pellets of a solid torrefied biomass feed,(ii) separating the char particles as the char product from the gaseous fraction, and(iii) subjecting the gaseous fraction obtained in step (ii) to a continuously operated partial oxidation to obtain a syngas mixture further comprising water and having an elevated temperature.17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the pyrolysis process in step (i) is performed at a temperature of between 500 and 800° C. and at a solid residence time of ...

Waste Incinerator

A waste incinerator, in a vertical structure and including from the top down: a drying section, a destructive distillation section, a reduction section, and a combustion section. The combustion section includes: two layers of grate bars, a first combustion layer, a second combustion layer, and a third combustion layer. The heat produced from the combustion in the combustion section is used to heat the carbide in the reduction section. The heated carbide reduces CO 2 produced in the combustion into CO (coal gas). The coal gas ascends to the destructive distillation section through the ambient coal gas chamber to heat and destructively distillate the waste to produce the pyrogenic coal gas and the carbide. The carbide drops to the combustion section for combustion, and the pyrogenic coal gas and the coal gas are collected by the draft fan.

WASTE TREATMENT PROCESS FOR A FOSSIL-FUEL EXTRACTION SITE

There is disclosed a waste treatment process for a fossil-fuel extraction site (), comprising: processing extracted waste generated by a fossil-fuel extraction process to produce primary waste having a higher calorific value than the extracted waste; mixing the primary waste with secondary waste to generate pyrolysis feedstock, the secondary waste having a lower calorific value than the primary waste; pyrolysing the pyrolysis feedstock in a pyrolysis unit () to form pyrolysis char; and gasifying the pyrolysis char in a gasification unit () to form syngas and ash. 1. A waste treatment process comprising:processing extracted waste generated by a fossil-fuel extraction process to produce primary waste having a higher calorific value than said extracted waste;mixing said primary waste with secondary waste to generate pyrolysis feedstock, wherein said secondary waste has a lower calorific value than said primary waste;pyrolysing said pyrolysis feedstock in a pyrolysis unit to form pyrolysis char; andgasifying said pyrolysis char in a gasification unit to form syngas and ash.2. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said processing extracted waste comprises drying said extracted waste.3. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said primary waste has a calorific value of at least 30 MJ/kg.4. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said secondary waste has a calorific value less than or equal to 20 MJ/kg.5. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said fossil-fuel extraction process is selected from a group consisting of an oil extraction process and a gas extraction process.6. The waste treatment process of claim 1 , wherein said fossil-fuel extraction process is an enhanced oil recovery process claim 1 , and wherein said extracted waste comprises produced water from said enhanced oil recovery process.7. The waste treatment process of claim 6 , wherein said enhanced oil recovery process comprises a polymer flood claim 6 , and wherein ...

METHOD OF SYNTHETIC FUEL GAS PRODUCTION

The invention concern methods for converting carbonaceous feedstock slurry into synthetic fuel gas comprising: (a) introducing a carbonaceous feed stock slurry into a first reaction vessel via a continuous feed; (b) converting said carbonaceous feed stock slurry to a carbon char slurry comprising carbon char, and water by allowing said carbonaceous feed stock slurry to have a residency time of between 5 and 30 minutes in said first reaction vessel, said carbonaceous feed stock slurry being heated to a temperature of between about 260 to about 320° C. at a pressure such that water does not flash to steam. 1. A method for converting carbonaceous feedstock slurry into synthetic fuel gas comprising:(a) introducing a carbonaceous feed stock slurry into a first reaction vessel via a continuous feed;(b) converting said carbonaceous feed stock slurry to a carbon char slurry comprising carbon char and water by allowing said carbonaceous feed stock slurry to have a residency time of between 5 and 30 minutes in said first reaction vessel, said carbonaceous feed stock slurry being heated to a temperature of between about 260 to about 320° C. at a pressure such that water does not flash to steam,(c) transferring said carbon char slurry comprising carbon char and water from the first reaction vessel to a second reaction vessel which comprises an entrained flow steam reforming gasifier, the entrained flow steam reforming gasifier being constructed of material comprising nickel, introducing a pressure decrease with said transferring such that at least a portion of the water flashes to steam to produce a carbon char slurry comprising carbon char and steam, and(d) within said second reaction vessel producing a mixture comprising synthetic fuel gas from said carbon char slurry comprising carbon char and steam, the gasifier producing a process bulk temperature within the gasifier from greater than 650° C. to about 1000° C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said first reaction vessel ...

System and method for recovering inert feedstock contaminants from municipal solid waste during gasification

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage.

METHOD FOR PROCESSING BIOMASS BY CO-GRINDING WITH A SECOND BIOMASS FEEDSTOCK

The present invention concerns a process for the treatment of a feed comprising biomass, said process comprising at least the following steps: 1. A process for the treatment of a first solid biomass feed , said process comprising the following steps:a) a step for drying said feed at a temperature in the range 20° C. to 180° C. for a period in the range 5 to 180 minutes,b) a step for torrefaction of the dried feed obtained from step a) in order to produce at least one solid torrefied biomass effluent, andc) a step for co-grinding the solid torrefied solid biomass effluent obtained from step b) in the presence of a second biomass feed in order to obtain a powder,in which the second solid biomass feed entering the co-grinding step c) has a moisture content in the range 3.1% to 30% by weight.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a step d) for final drying of the powder obtained from step c) at a temperature in the range 100° C. to 300° C.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the drying step d) is carried out simultaneously with the co-grinding step c).4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the first and second solid biomass feed are selected from solid lignocellulosic biomass.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the first and second solid biomass feed are identical.6. The process as claimed in claim 1 , comprising a step i) for pre-treatment of the first solid biomass feed claim 1 , preferably for primary grinding.7. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the torrefaction step b) is carried out at a temperature in the range 200° C. to 350° C. claim 1 , preferably in the range 220° C. to 340° C. claim 1 , preferably in the range 250° C. to 320° C. and more preferably in the range 270° C. to 300° C. claim 1 , for a period in the range 5 to 180 minutes claim 1 , and preferably in the range 15 to 60 minutes claim 1 , at an absolute operating pressure which is preferably in the range 0.01 to 1.5 MPa claim 1 , preferably in the ...

HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND COMPACT SYNGAS GENERATION SYSTEM

A syngas generator has at least pyrolysis unit and a cracking unit which recycles treated input therein. The pyrolysis unit may recycle treated char to provide input heat for feedstock. The cracking unit may recycle syngas to assist in treating input gas/vapor mixture. 2. The improved syngas generating system of wherein the cracking reactor operates at a lower pressure than the pyrolysis reactor.3. The improved syngas generating system of further comprising a compressor connector to the cracking reactor.4. The improved syngas generating system of wherein the return reactor receives the treated educt and conveys the treated educt upwardly to an elevation above the inlet.5. The improved syngas generating system of wherein the conveyor of the return reactor is an auger.6. The improved syngas generating system of wherein the conveyor of the primary reactor is an auger claim 1 , and a sieve selectively directs larger particles to the conveyor.7. The improved syngas generating system of wherein the cracking reactor treats the gas/vapor mixture with at least one of reaction products and recycled syngas derived from the reaction products to provide a stream cracked in a reaction chamber forming the syngas claim 1 , the syngas directed from the outlet.8. The improved syngas generating system of wherein the reaction products are directed from within the cracking reactor to mix with the gas/vapor mixture internal to the reaction chamber.9. The improved syngas generating system of wherein the reaction products are directed through a gas injector to the reaction chamber.10. The improved syngas generating system of wherein the gas injector receives at least one of oxygen claim 9 , steam and recycled syngas as a propellant.11. The improved syngas generating system of further comprising a cooler claim 1 , said cooler cooling syngas after leaving the outlet providing cooled syngas.12. The improved syngas generating system of wherein at least some cooled syngas is provided as bypass ...

COMPACT GASIFIER-GENSET ARCHITECTURE

A compact biomass gasification-based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power, including an enclosure that encases: a gasifier including a pyrolysis module coaxially arranged above a reactor module, a generator including an engine and an alternator, and a hopper. The generator system additionally includes a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module, a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module, and a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module. The system can additionally include a central wiring conduit electrically connected to the pyrolysis module, reactor module, and engine, and a control panel connected to the conduit that enables single-side operation. 1an open-air hopper;an airlock connected to an outlet of the hopper;a drying module connected to the airlock, the airlock configured to form a substantially fluid impermeable seal with the drying module;a gasifier comprising: a pyrolysis module and a reactor module, the pyrolysis module connected to the drying module and to the reactor module;an engine; and a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module;', 'a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module; and', 'a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module., 'a heat exchange module comprising. A gasification based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power, comprising: This application is a continuation ...

Pyrolysis Reactor System and Method

A system for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor for producing pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis feedstock to be pyrolyzed. An eductor condenser unit in fluid communication with the pyrolysis reactor is used to condense pyrolysis gases. The eductor condenser unit has an eductor assembly having an eductor body that defines a first flow path with a venturi restriction disposed therein for receiving a pressurized coolant fluid and a second flow path for receiving pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis reactor The second flow path intersects the first flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid. The eductor body has a discharge to allow the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases to be discharged together from the eductor. A mixing chamber in fluid communication with the discharge of the eductor to facilitates mixing of the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases, wherein at least a portion of the pyrolysis gases are condensed within the mixing chamber. 1. A system for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock comprising:a pyrolysis reactor for producing pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis feedstock to be pyrolyzed; and an eductor assembly having an eductor body that defines a first flow path with a venturi restriction disposed therein for receiving a pressurized coolant fluid and a second flow path for receiving pyrolysis gases from the pyrolysis reactor, the second flow path intersecting the first flow path so that the received pyrolysis gases are combined with the coolant fluid, the eductor body having a discharge to allow the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases to be discharged together from the eductor; and', 'a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the discharge of the eductor to facilitate mixing of the combined coolant fluid and pyrolysis gases wherein at least a portion of the pyrolysis gases are condensed within the mixing chamber., 'an eductor condenser unit in fluid ...

METHOD OF BIOMASS GRADING PYROLYSIS GASIFICATION IN A CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED

The invention provides a method of biomass grading pyrolysis gasification in a circulating fluidized bed comprising: feeding biomass into the lower-middle part of a carrying fluidized bed, mixing with high temperature synthesis gas and heat carrier from a turbulent fluidized bed, heating the biomass to carry out a pyrolysis reaction, and carrying the pyrolysis product upward; subjecting the cracked oil and gas to a gaseous phase catalytic cracking in an upper-middle part of the carrying fluidized bed, cracking the tar into methane, ethane and the like; subjecting the heat carrier, semi-coke and fuel gas after the reaction to the multi-stage of gas-solid separation, a large particle carrier and semi-coke following a first-level separation are used as the fuel gas cracking catalyst and the filter material for filtering and removing dust, and enter into a moving bed filter to separate out an ultra-fine ash and subsequently return to the turbulent fluidized bed so as to perform gasification reaction, the ultra-fine ash is delivered to the outside as a silicon-potash fertilizer product; the medium and small particle carrier and semi-coke separated from a second-level separation are directly recycled to the turbulent fluidized bed, the fine particles separated from a third-level separation is discharged to the outside as a silicon-potash fertilizer product, the moving bed filter further catalytically cracks a small amount of tar in the fuel gas into methane and ethane and removes the ultra-fine ash simultaneously, the purified fuel gas is delivered to the outside as a product. 1. A method of biomass grading pyrolysis gasification in a circulating fluidized bed comprising:1) feeding biomass particles having an average particle diameter less than 5 mm into a carrying fluidized bed in a circulating fluidized bed, the carrying fluidized bed having an upper part, a middle part, and a bottom part, and the biomass particles are fed into the carrying fluidized bed below the ...

Method and plant for gasifying input material

The invention relates to a plant for at least partly gasifying solid organic input material, with a low-temperature gasifier in which pyrolysis can yield a tar-containing pyrolisis gas from a solid organic input material, and with a high-temperature gasifier having an oxidation unit and an endothermic gasifier, where the pyrolisis gas can be converted to a synthesis gas by partial oxidation in the oxidation unit followed by partial reduction in the endothermic reactor, said endothermic reactor having a form which widens conically in the vertical direction and which has at least one side offtake to take off unwanted particulate solids at not less than one height, more particularly at not less than two or more different heights.

Process and Apparatus for Gasifying Biomass

A process and apparatus for gasification of biomass. Biogenic residue may be supplied to a heating zone to dry the biomass and allow the volatile constituents to escape to generate a pyrolysis gas. The pyrolysis gas is supplied to an oxidation zone and substoichiometrically oxidized there to generate a crude gas. The carbonaceous residue generated in the heating zone and the crude gas is partially gasified in a gasification zone. The gasification forms activated carbon and a hot process gas. The activated carbon and the hot process gas are conjointly cooled. The adsorption process during the conjoined cooling has the result that tar from the hot process gas is absorbed on the activated carbon in the cooling zone. A pure gas which is substantially tar-free is obtained. The tar-enriched activated carbon may be at least partly burned for heating the heating zone and/or the gasification zone. 11011. A process () for gasifying biomass (B) , comprising: supplying biomass (B) to an apparatus () for gasification , generating a crude gas (R) and a carbonaceousresidue (RK) from the supplied biomass (B) in a first process step, partially gasifying the carbonaceous residue (RK) with gas constituents of the crude gas (R) in a gasification zone (ZV) in a second process step, as a result of which activated carbon (AK) and a hot product gas (PH) are formed,removing between a minimum of 0.02 units of mass and a maximum of 0.1 units of mass of the activated carbon (AK) and the hot product gas (PH) from the gasification zone (ZV) per unit of mass of supplied biomass (B) with respect to a reference condition water-free and ash-free (waft),conveying the activated carbon (AK) and the hot product gas (PH) to a cooling zone (ZK), and{'b': '14', 'conjointly cooling the activated carbon (AK) and the hot product gas (PH) in the cooling zone (ZK) in a third process step (), so that an adsorption process takes place, wherein the activated carbon (MAK2) is enriched with tar from the hot product ...

A GASIFICATION UNIT, A METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PRODUCT GAS AND USE OF SUCH A METHOD

Disclosed is a gasification unit () for producing a product gas. The gasification unit () comprises a co-current or counterflow pyrolysis unit () including a pyrolysis gas outlet () arranged at an upper part()of the pyrolysis unit () and a pyrolysis gas inlet () arranged at a lower part()of the pyrolysis unit (). The gasification unit () further comprises a co-current or counterflow gasifier () including a product gas outlet () arranged at an upper part()of the gasifier () and a gasifier inlet () arranged at a lower part of the gasifier () and coke moving means () for allowing pyrolyzed coke () to move from the pyrolysis unit () to the gasifier (). The gasification unit () also comprises recycling means () arranged to guide at least a part of the pyrolysis gas produced in the pyrolysis unit () from the pyrolysis gas outlet () and back to the pyrolysis gas inlet () and heating device () comprising an input conduit () arranged to guide pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis gas outlet () to a combustion unit () in the heating device (), wherein the combustion unit () is arranged to least a partially oxidize the pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysis unit (), and wherein the heating device () comprises an output conduit () arranged to guide heating gas generated by the partial oxidization in the combustion unit () to the gasifier inlet (), where in the heating device () is arranged external to the pyrolysis unit () and the gasifier ()and wherein said gasification unit () further comprises heat exchange means () arranged for heating at least a portion of the pyrolysis gas before it enters the pyrolysis unit () through said pyrolysis gas inlet () by means of at least a part of the product gas exiting said gasifier () through said product gas outlet (). Furthermore, a method for producing a product gas in a gasification unit () and use of such a method is disclosed. 1. A gasification unit for producing a product gas , said gasification unit comprising ,a co-current or counterflow ...

A METHOD FOR REDUCING THE TAR CONTENT IN PYROLYSIS GAS

Disclosed is a method for reducing the tar content in pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolysis reactor (). The method comprises the steps of: guiding the pyrolysis gas through a filter () to remove at least 90% of all the particles in the pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 7 μ and preferably down to 4 μ from the pyrolysis gas, partially oxidizing the pyrolysis gas in a partial oxidation reactor () to remove tar from the pyrolysis gas, and guiding the pyrolysis gas through a coke bed () to further remove tar from the pyrolysis gas. Furthermore, a two-stage gasifier () is disclosed. 1. A method for reducing the tar content in pyrolysis gas generated in a pyrolysis reactor , said method comprising the steps of:guiding said pyrolysis gas through one or more filters to remove at least 90% of all the particles in said pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 7 μ and preferably down to 4 μ from said pyrolysis gas,partially oxidizing said pyrolysis gas in a partial oxidation reactor to remove tar from said pyrolysis gas, andguiding said pyrolysis gas through a coke bed to further remove tar from said pyrolysis gas.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said method further comprises the step of guiding said pyrolysis gas through a cyclone to remove particles in said pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 20 μ and preferably down to 12 μ from said pyrolysis gas claim 1 , before said pyrolysis gas is guided through said filter.3. A method according to . wherein said particles that are removed by said cyclone are guided into said coke bed to form part of said coke bed and/or into a gasifier.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said particles that are removed by said one or more filters are guided into said coke bed to form part of said coke bed and/or into a gasifier.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said filter removes at least 90% of all the particles in said pyrolysis gas having a particle size down to 2 μ and preferably down to 0.5 μ ...

Method and device for the production of synthesis gas for operating an internal combustion engine

A method for producing synthesis gas for operating an internal combustion engine from an organic solid fuel decomposed into pyrolysis products in a pyrolysis reactor without an oxygen supply, includes feeding the pyrolysis products from a bottom of the pyrolysis reactor to a fluidized bed reactor. A synthesis gas produced in the fluidized bed reactor is withdrawn as product gas. The products gas is directly or indirectly fed to the internal combustion engine. The pyrolysis reactor is operated using at least one pyrolysis auger for conveying the solid fuel. The fluidized bed reactor is fluidized by supplying air at a rate above a minimal loosening rate of the bed material of the fluidized bed of the fluidized bed reactor. 1. A method for producing synthesis gas , for operating an internal combustion engine , from an organic solid fuel , the method comprising the steps of:conveying organic solid fuel to a pyrolysis reactor using a pyrolysis auger;decomposing the organic solid fuel into pyrolysis products in the pyrolysis reactor, without an oxygen supply;feeding the pyrolysis products from a bottom of the pyrolysis reactor to a fluidized bed reactor;producing a synthesis gas in the fluidized bed reactor; andwithdrawing the synthesis gas from the fluidized bed reactor as product gas and directly or indirectly feeding the product gas to the internal combustion engine;wherein fluidized bed reactor is fluidized by supplying air at a rate above a minimal loosening rate of a bed material of a fluidized bed of the fluidized bed reactor;wherein the organic solid fuel comprises a biogenic waste material having an ash content of at least 20% of a solid mass of the organic solid fuel; andwherein the pyrolysis products formed in the pyrolysis reactor in the step of decomposing are pyrolysis oil, pyrolysis coke, and pyrolysis gas.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the biogenic waste material comprising the organic solid fuel has solid contents between 80% and 98% and ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROCESSING ORGANIC WASTE

A method for processing organic waste comprises two steps. Step one comprises separating water from the organic waste to produce liquid, slurry and solid matter, and step two comprises gasification of the slurry and solid matter. A system for processing organic waste and generate energy comprises a screw-press solid separator adapted for receiving the organic waste and expel liquid from the organic waste to produce water, slurry and solid matter, and a multi-stage gasifier for gasification of the slurry and solid matter. 1. A method for processing organic waste , comprising two steps , where step one comprises:separating water from the organic waste to produce liquid, slurry and solid matter by:pressing the organic waste in order to expel liquid from the organic waste to produce liquid, slurry and solid matter,processing the liquid by means of an electro-static coagulation device comprising ultrasound transducers to separate the solid materials and oils from the liquid, andcollecting the separated slurry, solid materials and oils from the pressing and from processing the liquid and water for recycling;and step two comprises:gasification of the slurry and solid matter to produce gas and biochar.2. (canceled)3. The method according to claim 1 , where the step of separating liquid from the organic waste comprises processing the organic waste through a screw-press solid separator in order to expel liquid from the organic waste.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The method according to claim 1 , where the step of gasification comprises drying the slurry and solid matter to obtain a dry material with moisture content between 10% to 15%.7. The method according to claim 1 , where the gasification comprises two stages claim 1 , the first stage comprising pyrolysis of the dried slurry and solid matter and outputting matter to the second stage claim 1 , and the second stage comprises adding steam to the output matter.8. The method according to claim 1 , where the organic waste is ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PERFORMING GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK

The gasification of a carbonaceous material includes receiving a volume of feedstock, supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product via at least one pyrolysis reaction, super-heating the at least one pyrolysis reaction product, providing a volume of super-heated steam, mixing the volume of super-heated steam with the super-heated at least one pyrolysis reaction product and converting at least a portion of at least one reformed product to at least one synthesis gas product via at least one water-gas-shift reaction. 1. A method comprising:receiving a volume of feedstock;supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product via at least one pyrolysis reaction;super-heating the at least one pyrolysis reaction product;providing a volume of super-heated steam;mixing the volume of super-heated steam with the super-heated at least one pyrolysis reaction product;converting at least a portion of at least one reformed product to at least one synthesis gas product via at least one water-gas-shift reaction;compressing the at least one synthesis gas product in at least one compression phase;converting at least a portion of the compressed at least one synthesis gas product to a volume of methanol; andconverting at least a portion of the volume of methanol to a volume of gasoline.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiving a volume of feedstock includes:receiving a volume of coal.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product via at least one pyrolysis reaction includes:supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product including at ...

PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR COAL GASIFICATION, AND POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND POWER GENERATION PROCESS THEREOF

A coal gasification process is provided based on the grading conversion of carbon hydrogen components of coal, wherein the coal gasification process comprises a carbonization process, a carbon monoxide-producing process and a shift reaction process. By blending the coke-oven gas, carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced in the above processes in different ratios, coal gasification syngases with various carbon hydrogen ratios can be obtained. Further, the coal gasification process does not need pure oxygen to take part in the reactions, and has several advantages, such as high gasification efficiency, low equipment investment costs, less limitation on the types of coal and flexible adjustment of the gasification products. 1. A coal gasification process by a grading conversion of carbon hydrogen components of the coal , comprising the steps of: a carbonization process , a monoxide-producing process and a shift reaction process , whereinthe carbonization process carbonizes the gasifying coal to produce a product comprising crude coke, coke-oven gas and tar;the carbon monoxide-producing process subjects the crude coke produced in the carbonization process to react with carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide, and the heat needed is also supplied by the heat from the combustion of the heat-supplying coal and high-temperature air;the shift reaction process subjects a part of carbon monoxide produced in the carbon monoxide-producing process and water vapor to a conversion reaction to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and the separation by using a separation device is performed to obtain carbon dioxide and pure hydrogen;the coke-oven gas, carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced in the above processes are blended in different ratios, so that coal gasification syngases having different carbon hydrogen ratios can be obtained.2. The gasification process according to claim 1 , wherein the gasifying coal is bituminous coal or lignite claim 1 , and the heat-supplying coal is of ...

METHOD FOR REDUCING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF A CONVERSION PROCESS

A method is described for reducing the carbon footprint of any commercially important industrial conversion process. The output of this conversion process can be combustible fuels, chemicals, electricity or heat energy. In its broadest form, a carbon negative module outputs energy to a conversion energy and this energy replaces conventional fossil-fuel based energy. A sequesterable carbonaceous solid is produced by the carbon negative process which represents a net carbon withdrawal from the atmosphere. 124-. (canceled)25. A method for reducing the carbon footprint of a fuel production process , comprising:(a) conducting an external carbon negative process having biomass as input and sequesterable carbon and volatile gas streams as outputs; and(b) converting the volatile gas streams to renewable fuel components, wherein the renewable fuel components are suitable for use as a blend stock in a fuel production process to reduce the carbon footprint of said fuel production process.26. A method according to in which the sequesterable carbon is greater than 50% fixed carbon.27. A method according to in which the carbon footprint reduction is greater than 1%28. A method according to in which the carbon footprint reduction is greater than 10%.29. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is sequestered by use as a soil amendment.30. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is sequestered by underground storage.31. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is sequestered by addition to soil containing compost material.32. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is used for carbon offsets.33. The method of claim 25 , wherein the sequesterable carbon is used for carbon credits.34. A method according to in which at least some of the sequesterable carbon is reacted with oxygen claim 25 , carbon dioxide claim 25 , methane or steam to generate synthesis gas claim 25 , which displaces fossil carbon.35. The method of ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING OIL SANDS

A method of processing oil sands material including bitumen. The method includes subjecting the oil sands material to a predistillation process. The predistillation process includes heating the oil sands material to between approximately 350° C. and approximately 400° C., to produce atmospheric gas oil from the bitumen, and intermediate dried oil sands material, and heating the intermediate dried oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C., to produce vacuum gas oil and coked oil sands material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand. The method also includes subjecting the coked oil sands material to gasification, to produce barren hot oil sands material, and syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases. 1. A method of processing oil sands material comprising bitumen , the method comprising: (i) heating the oil sands material to between approximately 350° C. and approximately 400° C., to produce atmospheric gas oil from the bitumen, and intermediate dried oil sands material; and', '(ii) heating the intermediate dried oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C., to produce vacuum gas oil and coked oil sands material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand; and, '(a) subjecting the oil sands material to a predistillation process comprising(b) subjecting the coked oil sands material to gasification, to produce barren hot oil sands material, and syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases.2. A method according to additionally comprising:(c) refining the atmospheric gas oil to provide at least one of liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline; and(d) refining the vacuum gas oil to provide at least one of jet fuel, diesel fuel, and gas oil.3. A method according to in which the syngas is further subjected to at least one gas-to-liquid process to provide at least one of gasoline claim 1 , diesel fuel claim 1 , naphtha claim 1 , and petrochemical feedstock.4. A ...

Apparatus for Pyrolysing Carbonaceous Material

An apparatus for pyrolyzing a carbonaceous material and producing char and volatiles includes a vessel having an inlet for the carbonaceous material, an outlet for the char and the volatiles, and a first pathway therebetween. The vessel has wall portions with interior surfaces that define the first pathway. Further, the vessel has a heat exchange medium inlet, outlet and a second pathway therebetween. The first and second pathways are in heat exchange proximity to each other and the second pathway is defined by interior surfaces of the, or other, wall interior portions of the vessel. At least some of the interior wall portions of the vessel project into an interior space of the vessel such that at least one of the first and second pathways is non-linear. 132-. (canceled)33. An apparatus for pyrolyzing a carbonaceous material and producing char and volatiles , the apparatus comprising:a vessel having an inlet for the carbonaceous material, an outlet for the char and the volatiles and a first pathway therebetween, the vessel having wall portions with interior surfaces that define the first pathway, the vessel further having a heat exchange medium inlet, a heat exchange medium outlet and a second pathway therebetween, the first and second pathways being in heat exchange proximity to each other and the second pathway being defined by interior surfaces of the, or other, interior wall portions of the vessel, at least some of the interior wall portions of the vessel projecting into an interior space of the vessel such that at least one of the first and second pathways is non-linear and configured such that the second pathway is corrugated and a heat transfer surface area is increased compared to linear first and second pathways; andan agitator for passing carbonaceous material, the produced char and the volatiles through the first pathway.34. The apparatus according to claim 33 , wherein at least portions of the first pathway are interleaved with at least portions of the ...

INDUSTRIAL FURNACE INTEGRATED WITH BIOMASS GASIFICATION SYSTEM

An integrated apparatus of industrial furnace and biomass gasification system and a process of operating said system are disclosed. Hot flue gas containing high concentration of COand water issued from an industrial furnace such as a glass furnace or a melting furnace for non-ferrous metals is introduced into a biomass gasification system as a heat source to promote the pyrolysis of biomass and/or as a gasification agent to generate syngas. The generated syngas is blended with solid-fuel such as petcoke before being introduced into the industrial furnace to facilitate ignition and combustion of petcoke. Overall CO, NOand SOemission from the industrial furnace are reduced, and the lifetime of the industrial furnace is increased. 114-. (canceled)15. An integrated apparatus comprises a biomass gasification system containing a pyrolysis unit and a gasifier unit , an industrial furnace , a conduit feeding a stream of flue gas containing COand HO issued from the industrial furnace into the biomass gasification system , a conduit feeding a stream of syngas generated in the biomass gasification system into the industrial furnace , a conduit feeding a stream of oxygen or oxygen-enriched air as gasification agent to the gasifier unit , wherein the stream of flue gas is introduced into either one or both of the pyrolysis unit and the gasifier unit of the biomass gasification system.16. The integrated apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the stream of flue gas enters into the gasifier unit after passing through the pyrolysis unit of the biomass gasification system.17. The integrated apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the gasifier unit is selected from a fixed-bed gasifier claim 15 , an entrained flow gasifier or a fluidized gasifier.18. The integrated apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the stream of syngas generated in the biomass gasification system is at a pressure of equal or greater than 2 bars before being introduced into the industrial furnace.19. The integrated apparatus of claim ...

SIMULTANEOUS PYROLYSIS AND COMMUNITION FOR FUEL FLEXIBLE GASIFICATION AND PYROLYSIS

A biomass thermal conversion system including a fixed bed drying zone; a fixed bed pyrolysis zone fluidly connected to the drying zone; a combustion zone fluidly connected to the pyrolysis zone by a material path; and a comminution mechanism arranged across the material path between the pyrolysis zone and the combustion zone, configured to grind char off a pyrolyzed surface of solid biomass and reduce a dimension of the solid biomass below a threshold size. 1. A biomass thermal conversion system comprising:a fixed bed drying zone;a fixed bed pyrolysis zone fluidly connected to the drying zone;a combustion zone fluidly connected to the pyrolysis zone by a material path; anda comminution mechanism arranged across the material path between the pyrolysis zone and the combustion zone, configured to grind char off a pyrolyzed surface of solid biomass and reduce a dimension of the solid biomass below a threshold size.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pyrolysis zone is fluidly connected to the combustion zone at an interface claim 1 , wherein the comminution mechanism comprises the entirety of the interface.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the comminution mechanism encircles the combustion zone.4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a casing comprising a solid material inlet claim 3 , the casing defining the drying zone proximal the solid material inlet and defining the pyrolysis zone distal the solid material inlet across the drying zone claim 3 , wherein the grinding mechanism defines the combustion zone claim 3 , wherein the pyrolysis zone abuts against the comminution mechanism.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the pyrolysis zone surrounds the comminution mechanism.6. The system of claim 4 , further comprising an insert extending through the drying and pyrolysis zones and fluidly connected to the combustion zone claim 4 , the insert defining a reduction zone.7. The system of claim 4 , further comprising a char transportation mechanism distal the solid ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GASIFYING RAW MATERIAL AND GASEOUS PRODUCT

A method and apparatus for gasifying raw material. The method includes feeding the raw material into an upper part of a fixed-bed gasifier, introducing the raw material from the upper part of the gasifier to a pyrolysis zone of the gasifier to form the fixed-bed and pyrolyzing the raw material in the presence of pyrolysis air to form a pyrolysis product. Introducing the pyrolysis product from the pyrolysis zone to a lower part of the gasifier, introducing primary air countercurrently to the lower part, carrying out a final gasification in a lower part of the gasifier in order to form a gasified gas. Introducing the gasified gas to a catalytic oxidation part and through a catalyst layer of the catalytic oxidation part, and reforming the gasified gas by way of the catalytic oxidation in the presence of reforming air in the catalytic oxidation part, forming a gaseous product. 1. A method for gasifying raw material , wherein the method comprises:feeding the raw material into an upper part of a fixed-bed gasifier,introducing the raw material from the upper part of the gasifier to a pyrolysis zone of the gasifier to form the fixed-bed in the pyrolysis zone and pyrolyzing the raw material in the presence of pyrolysis air in the pyrolysis zone to form a pyrolysis product,introducing the pyrolysis product from the pyrolysis zone to a lower part of the gasifier,introducing primary air countercurrently to the lower part,carrying out a final gasification in a lower part of the gasifier in order to form a gasified gas,introducing the gasified gas to a catalytic oxidation part and through a catalyst layer of the catalytic oxidation part, andreforming the gasified gas by way of the catalytic oxidation in the presence of reforming air in the catalytic oxidation part,in order to form a gaseous product.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein temperature of the catalyst layer is between 600 to 900° C.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein temperature of the gasified gas is ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS

A method for producing a synthesis gas from an organic material with a moisture content of less than 20%. A first step for carrying out the thermolysis of the organic material and a second, separate step for the gasification (ii) of the thermolysed organic material. The thermolysis step is carried out by increasing the temperature of the raw material up to an end temperature higher than 150° C. and lower than 1400° C.; —the thermolysis step (i) is carried out in a controlled gas atmosphere in which the quantity of oxygen supplied is less than 20% of the quantity of oxygen required for the stoichiometric combustion of the organic raw material; —the thermolysis gas obtained in the thermolysis step is conveyed to a purification step (iii) for removing undesirable elements. 114-. (canceled)15. A method for producing a synthesis gas from an organic material with a moisture content of less than 20% , comprising:a first step of thermolysis (i) of said organic material and then a second separate step of gasification (ii) of the thermolysed organic material,the thermolysis step (i) is carried out by increasing the temperature of the raw material to an end temperature higher than 150° and lower than 1400° C.,the thermolysis step (i) is carried out in a controlled gas atmosphere in which the quantity of oxygen supplied is less than 20% of the quantity of oxygen required for the stoichiometric combustion of the organic raw material,the thermolysis gas obtained during the thermolysis step (i) is sent to a step (iii) of purification of the undesirable elements,the thermolysed material is sent to a step (ii) of endothermic gasification at a temperature above 800° C. for obtaining a gasification gas,the gasification gas undergoes an enthalpy recovery step (v) so that its temperature is below 500° C.,more than 35% of the energy necessary for the thermolysis step (i) is supplied by said enthalpy recovery step (v).16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein all or part of the ...

CARBONIZING FURNACE, PYROLYTIC FURNACE, WATER GAS GENERATION SYSTEM, HYDROGEN GAS GENERATION SYSTEM, AND POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

Provided is a carbonizing furnace capable of improving combustion efficiency of combustible gas generated by combustion of organic waste and of improving carbonization efficiency of organic waste by appropriately controlling the temperature of carbide. Provided is a pyrolytic furnace in which heating gas can be suppressed from outflowing to the outside from a gap between the upper surface of the body part of the pyrolytic furnace and the outer circumferential surface of a reaction tube where a pyrolysis reaction between carbide and a gasification agent is caused, and in which the temperature of a region where the pyrolysis reaction is caused can be suppressed from being reduced. Provided is a water gas generation system which improves thermal efficiency without using a dedicated heat source for generating water steam to be used as a gasification agent for carbide, promotes a pyrolysis reaction, and thereby, achieves the excellent heat efficiency. Provided are a hydrogen gas generation system and a power generation system which use water gas generated by a water gas generation system including a carbonizing furnace and a pyrolytic furnace and which have excellent productivity. Provided is a carbonizing furnace which improves combustion efficiency by controlling the supply amount of air being supplied to the carbonizing furnace according to the temperature of combustion gas in the carbonizing furnace, and which improves carbonization efficiency by controlling the discharge amount of carbide to be discharged to the outside according to the temperature of carbide or the deposit amount of organic waste in the carbonizing furnace, to make the temperature of carbide appropriate, and by controlling the temperature of air being supplied to the carbonizing furnace. In addition, provided is a pyrolytic furnace which blocks outflow of heating gas or water gas by providing seal portions at the attachment positions of a body part, a reaction tube, and a water gas outlet part, etc ...

COMPACT GASIFIER-GENSET ARCHITECTURE

A compact biomass gasification-based power generation system that converts carbonaceous material into electrical power, including an enclosure that encases: a gasifier including a pyrolysis module coaxially arranged above a reactor module, a generator including an engine and an alternator, and a hopper. The generator system additionally includes a first heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the reactor module and thermally connected to the drying module, a second heat exchanger fluidly connected to an outlet of the engine and thermally connected to the pyrolysis module, and a third heat exchanger fluidly connected between the outlet of the reactor module and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger thermally connected to an air inlet of the reactor module. The system can additionally include a central wiring conduit electrically connected to the pyrolysis module, reactor module, and engine, and a control panel connected to the conduit that enables single-side operation.

HYBRID FIXED-KINETIC BED GASIFIER FOR FUEL FLEXIBLE GASIFICATION

A gasification system including: a casing defining: a solid material inlet; a fixed bed drying zone proximal the solid material inlet; a fixed bed pyrolysis zone arranged below the drying zone along a gravity vector, distal the solid material inlet across the pyrolysis zone; a kinetic bed combustion zone surrounded by the pyrolysis zone; and a fluidization channel extending through the drying zone and pyrolysis zone and fluidly connected to the combustion zone, the fluidization channel defining a kinetic bed reduction zone fluidly isolated from and thermally connected to the pyrolysis zone and the drying zone by the fluidization channel. 1. A method for gasification of carbon-containing solids , comprising:combusting pyrolyzed solids within a kinetic bed combustion zone, the kinetic bed combustion zone formed by flowing combustion fluid at a turbulent velocity into a fixed bed pyrolysis zone comprising pyrolyzed solids;diverting fluid flow through the combustion zone and into a reduction zone within a kinetic chamber, the kinetic chamber fluidly isolating and thermally coupling the reduction zone with the fixed bed pyrolysis zone and a drying zone;reducing the combustion products within the kinetic chamber, the gas flow maintaining a kinetic bed within the kinetic chamber;pyrolyzing uncombusted solids with waste heat from combustion product reduction;drying wet solids with waste heat from solid pyrolysis and combustion; andleveraging gravity to move dried solids from the drying zone toward the pyrolysis zone, and pyrolyzed solids from the pyrolysis zone toward the combustion zone.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein diverting fluid flow through the combustion zone and into the reduction zone comprises diverting fluid flow with a closed end of a casing opposing a fluid inlet of the kinetic chamber.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising generating a rotating flow within the combustion zone.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising introducing fluid into the ...

Reactor for producing a product gas from a fuel

Method and reactor for producing a product gas from a fuel. The fuel is input into a pyrolysis chamber () and a pyrolysis process is executed for obtaining a product gas. Parts of the fuel exiting from the pyrolysis chamber () are recirculated to a combustion chamber (). In the combustion chamber () a gasification process is executed in a fluidized bed () using a primary process fluid, followed by a combustion process in an area () above the fluidized bed () using a secondary process fluid. 1. Method for producing a product gas from a fuel , comprisinginputting the fuel into a pyrolysis chamber and executing a pyrolysis process for obtaining a product gas,recirculating parts of the fuel exiting from the pyrolysis chamber to a combustion chamber, andin the combustion chamber executing a gasification process in a fluidized bed using a primary process fluid, followed by a combustion process in an area above the fluidized bed using a secondary process fluid, wherein the gasification process is operated with an equivalence ratio ER between 0.9 and 0.99, the equivalence ratio ER being defined as the ratio of the amount of oxygen supplied divided by the amount of oxygen needed for complete combustion of the fuel.2. (canceled)3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluidized bed is operated with an equivalence ratio ER of at least 1.4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the primary process fluid is used for controlling the temperature in the fluidized bed.5. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the equivalence ratio is controlled by one or more of:reducing supply of the primary process fluid, reducing oxygen content in the primary process fluid, adding an inert gas to the primary process fluid, and/or adding flue gas to the primary process fluid.6. Method according to claim 5 , wherein the equivalence ratio is controlled based on measurement of a temperature in the product gas claim 5 , and/or a temperature in the flue gas from the combustion process claim 5 , and/ ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BIOMASS GRINDING AND FEEDING

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven bio-refinery that may include a entrained-flow biomass feed system that is feedstock flexible via particle size control of the biomass. Some embodiments include a chemical reactor that receives concentrated solar thermal energy from an array of heliostats. The entrained-flow biomass feed system can use an entrainment carrier gas and supplies a variety of biomass sources fed as particles into the solar-driven chemical reactor. Biomass sources in a raw state or partially torrified state may be used, as long as parameters such as particle size of the biomass are controlled. Additionally, concentrated solar thermal energy can drive gasification of the particles. An on-site fuel synthesis reactor may receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction use the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products in a hydrocarbon fuel synthesis process to create a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. 124-. (canceled)25. A bio-refinery to generate fuel product with an entrained-flow biomass feed system , comprising:a boiler to produce steam and to supply steam to a steam input;a chemical reactor having the steam input and one or more reactor tubes, where in the chemical reactor biomass i) in particle form, ii) in non-particle form, or iii) both, is configured to be gasified in a presence of steam from the steam input and to generate at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction;the entrained-flow biomass feed system having two or more feed lines to supply the biomass into the chemical reactor, where a gas source for a pressurized entrainment carrier gas is coupled to the entrained-flow biomass feed system;a heat drying unit to apply heat to the biomass in order to provide dried biomass to enter the entrained-flow biomass feed system, in which the two or more feed lines to supply the biomass; anda fuel synthesis reactor of the bio-refinery that is geographically located on a same site as the ...

FLUIDIZED COKING WITH CATALYTIC GASIFICATION

Systems and methods are provided for integrating a fluidized coking process with a catalyst-enhanced coke gasification process. The catalyst for the gasification process can correspond to calcium oxide, a thermally decomposable calcium salt, a potassium salt such as potassium carbonate, or a combination thereof. Examples of suitable calcium salts can include, but are not limited to, calcium hydroxide, calcium nitrate, and calcium carbonate. The calcium oxide, potassium salts, and/or thermally decomposable calcium salts can be introduced into the integrated system, for example, as part of the feed into the coker. It has been unexpectedly discovered that using catalytic gasification as part of an integrated fluidized coking and gasification process can result in an overhead gas stream from the gasifier with increased energy content and/or overhead gas pressure. 1. A method for performing fluidized coking on a feed , comprising:exposing a feedstock comprising a T10 distillation point of 343° C. or more to a fluidized bed comprising solid particles in a reactor under coking conditions to form a coker effluent, the thermal cracking conditions comprising 10 wt % or more conversion of the feedstock relative to 343° C., the thermal cracking conditions being effective for depositing coke on the solid particles, the exposing further comprising introducing potassium carbonate, calcium oxide, one or more thermally decomposable calcium salts, or a combination thereof into the fluidized bed comprising solid particles;introducing an oxygen-containing stream and steam into a gasifier;passing at least a portion of the solid particles comprising deposited coke from the reactor to the gasifier;{'sub': '2', 'exposing the at least a portion of the solid particles comprising deposited coke to gasification conditions in the presence of at least a portion of the steam, oxygen from the oxygen-containing stream, and potassium carbonate, calcium oxide, or a combination thereof to form ...

FLUIDIZED COKING WITH REDUCED COKING VIA LIGHT HYDROCARBON ADDITION

Systems and methods are provided for adding a heated stream of light hydrocarbons to a fluidized coking environment to improve liquid product yield and/or reduce coke production. The light hydrocarbons can correspond to C-Chydrocarbons and/or hydrogen. The light hydrocarbons can be heated so that the light hydrocarbons are exposed to an activation temperature of 535° C. to 950° C. and/or an activation temperature higher than the temperature in the coking zone by 50° C. or more for an activation time prior to entering the fluidized coking reactor and/or the coking zone in the fluidized coking environment. 1. A method for performing fluidized coking on a feedstock , comprising:{'sub': 1', '10', '1', '10, 'activating a stream comprising C-Chydrocarbons, hydrogen, or a combination thereof by exposing the stream comprising C-Chydrocarbons, hydrogen, or a combination thereof to an activation temperature for an activation time of 0.1 seconds to 10 seconds, the activation temperature being higher than a coking zone temperature by 50° C. or more; and'}exposing, in a reactor, a feedstock comprising a T10 distillation point of 343° C. or more to a fluidized bed comprising solid particles in the presence of the activated stream under fluidized coking conditions comprising the coking zone temperature to form a coker effluent, the fluidized coking conditions comprising 10 wt % or more conversion of the feedstock relative to 343° C., the fluidized coking conditions being effective for depositing coke on the solid particles.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stream comprising C-Chydrocarbons claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , or a combination thereof comprises C-Calkanes claim 1 , or wherein the stream comprising C-Chydrocarbons claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , or a combination thereof comprises at least one of C-Calkylaromatics and naphthenoaromatics claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activation temperature is 535° C. to 950° C.4. The method of ...

PARTICULATE CLASSIFICATION VESSEL HAVING GAS DISTRIBUTOR VALVE FOR RECOVERING CONTAMINANTS FROM BED MATERIAL

A multi-stage product gas generation system converts a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas which may subsequently be converted into a liquid fuel or other material. One or more reactors containing bed material may be used to conduct reactions to effect the conversions. Unreacted inert feedstock contaminants present in the carbonaceous material may be separated from bed material using a portion of the product gas. A heat transfer medium collecting heat from a reaction in one stage may be applied as a reactant input in another, earlier stage. 111. A particulate classification vessel (AA , AB) having an interior (INA , INB) and comprising:{'b': 5', '5, '(i) a mixture input (AA, AAA);'}{'b': 6', '6', '16', '16, '(ii) a classifier gas input (AA, AAA) connected to a source of classifier gas (AA, AAA);'}{'b': 7', '7, '(iii) a bed material output (AA, AAA);'}{'b': 9', '9, '(iv) a contaminant output (AA, AAA); and'}{'b': 91', '1', '2, '(v) a gas distributor valve (V) configured to separate the classifier interior (INA, INB) into a classifier zone (INA) and a gas distribution zone (INA);'}wherein:{'b': 91', '504', '502', '504', '502', '514, 'the gas distributor valve (V) comprises a valve body () and a blade () slidable relative to the valve body (); the blade () has perforations () at a first portion thereof;'}{'b': 506', '502', '502, 'claim-text': [{'b': 514', '1', '2, 'a closed position in which the perforations () are located within the vessel, between the classifier zone (INA) and a gas distribution zone (INA); and'}, {'b': 514', '1', '2, 'an open position in which the perforations () are no longer located within the vessel, between the classifier zone (INA) and a gas distribution zone (INA).'}], 'an actuator () is connected to the blade () and configured to selectively slide the blade () between2. The particulate classification vessel according to claim 1 , wherein:{'b': 502', '516, 'the blade () further comprises a hole () at a ...

Pyrolysis Reactor System and Method

A system and method for the pyrolysis of a pyrolysis feedstock utilizes a pyrolysis reactor having a pyrolysis conduit and a solids return conduit segment. Each segment is configured with an outlet and an inlet to receive and discharge solid materials that are circulated through the reactor through the different segments. A solids conveyor is disposed within the pyrolysis conduit segment to facilitate conveying solid materials from the solids inlet upward through the pyrolysis conduit segment toward the solids discharge outlet. A pyrolysis feedstock is introduced into the pyrolysis reactor and at least a portion of the feedstock is converted to pyrolysis gases within the pyrolysis conduit segment, which are discharged through a gas outlet.

Method And Apparatus For Implementing Gasification By Combining Circulating Fluidized Bed And Pyrolysis Bed

The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for implementing gasification by combining a circulating fluidized bed and a pyrolysis bed. The method and the apparatus may be applied to raw coal for generating coal gas with a high raw coal gasification rate while producing no pollutants, such as tar, during gasification. The apparatus includes a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace and a pyrolysis bed gasification furnace. In the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace, raw coal is converted to coal gas along with carbon-containing fly ash and semicoke, with the latter two separated from the coal gas using a cyclone separator and a deposition chamber. The semicoke is further processed by the pyrolysis bed gasification furnace to generate more coal gas, whereas the carbon-containing fly ash is sent back to the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace for further combustion. 1. A gasification apparatus , comprising:a circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace;a cyclone separator;a deposition chamber;a conveyor;a high-temperature air pipe;a vapor pipe;an oxygen pipe;a fly ash pipe;a slag pan; anda gas distribution body, the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is configured to receive raw coal through a coal conveying pipe,', 'an upper portion of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace is in communication with an upper portion of the cyclone separator via a first coal gas pipe,', 'a top portion of the cyclone separator is in communication with a top portion of the deposition chamber via a second coal gas pipe,', 'the upper portion of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace forms a gasification furnace chamber,', 'a gas distributor is disposed in a middle portion of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace,', 'a lower portion of the circulating fluidized bed gasification furnace forms a first mixture gas distribution chamber,', 'the cyclone separator comprises a central cylinder disposed ...

Processes and devices for gasifying biomass, in particular wood materials

Production of burning and synthesis gases from biomass by gasification process with high pressure steam generation in an airflow carburettor

The process further comprises: reducing water content; high-speed pyrolysis of the pre-dried coke; mixing the pyrolysis coke with the pyrolysis oil/condensate to a liquid solid suspension; gasifying the liquid solid suspension in the carburettor; cooling and washing/filtering the gas; supplying steam water raw gas for adjusting hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio; producing water-soluble bio paste by hydrothermal pyrolysis of the wet biomass at 200-250 bar and at 300[deg]C; and cleaning the gas for the production of technical hydrogen, oxo products/fuels. The gas is produced at 1100[deg]C and cooling the gas by injecting excess water to the saturation temperature of the water vapor. In the cooled raw gas, the ratio of water is 50-70 vol.%.

Verfahren zur Herstellung und Vorbereitung von Schnellpyrolyseprodukten aus Biomasse für eine Flugstrom Druckvergasung

Verfahren zur Herstellung und Vorbereitung von Schnellpyrolyseprodukten aus Biomasse für eine Flugstrom-Druckvergasung, umfassend eine Aufheizung der Biomasse unter Sauerstoffausschluss in einem Pyrolysereaktor, wobei sich für eine bis 50 Sekunden eine Temperatur zwischen 400 bis 600 DEG C einstellt und die Biomasse zu porösem Pyrolysekoks, Pyrolysekondensat und Pyrolysegas reagiert, ein Ableiten der Pyrolysegase sowie ein Kondensieren von dampfförmigen Bestandteilen des Pyrolysekondensats in mehreren Kondensationsstufen, wobei bei jeder Kondensationsstufe eine Abtrennung von kondensierten Bestandteilen erfolgt. Die Aufgabe liegt darin, das Verfahren so zu verbessern, dass insbesondere die Gefahr von unerwünschter Entmischung des Pyrolysekondensats und/oder der Slurries vor Eintritt in den Flugstrom-Druckvergaser reduziert wird. Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass in der ersten Kondensationsstufe bei Temperaturen oberhalb des Wassertaupunktes ein Koks-Kondensat-Gemisch abgeschieden wird, und in mindestens einer folgenden Kondensationsstufe eine als Schwelwasser bezeichnete wässrige Lösung von sauerstoffhaltigen organischen Verbindungen bei Temperaturen zwischen 0 DEG C und 90 DEG C kondensiert und separiert wird.

Gasifier having integrated fuel cell power generation system

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H2 and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H2O and CO2 to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endo thermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

Method and device for gasifying lumpy fuels with pre-carbonization and cracking of the carbonization gases in the gas generator

Process to prepare an activated carbon product and a syngas mixture

The invention is directed to a process to prepare an activated carbon product and a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds from a solid torrefied biomass feed comprising the following steps. (i) subjecting the solid biomass feed to a pyrolysis reaction thereby obtaining a gaseous fraction comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide and a mixture of gaseous organic compounds and a solid fraction comprising of char particles. (ii) separating the solids fraction from the gaseous fraction. and (iii) activating the char particles as obtained in step (ii) to obtain the activated carbon product.

Устройство и способ для термохимической гармонизации и газификации влажной биомассы

1. Устройство для термохимической карбонизации и газификации влажной, в особенности водосодержащей и/или сухой, биомассы для изготовления энергоносителя и/или сырьевого носителя посредством реактора (1) карбонизации с подогревом, имеющего закрывающееся входное отверстие (13), в котором биомасса преобразовывается в твердый, наливной или газообразный энергоноситель и/или сырьевой носитель и выводится через закрывающееся выходное отверстие (14) в охлаждаемый резервуар (9), соединенный с реактором (1) карбонизации для временного хранения энергоносителя и/или сырьевого носителя, который соединен с нижестоящим реактором (16) газификации, в котором газ и отходы, такие как зола, отделяются от биомассы, отличающееся следующими признаками:a) внешняя тепловая энергия (60) подается в реактор (1) карбонизации, который функционально соединен с нагревательным элементом (4), в частности окружен нагревательной рубашкой, и далее тепловая энергия подается, по меньшей мере, от одной установки, в особенности от реактора (16) газификации,b) энергия охлаждения от второго резервуара или охлаждающего резервуара (9) подается в реактор газификации,c) влага, в особенности вода, подается во второй резервуар или охлаждающий резервуар (9), чтобы обеспечить почти непрерывный процесс,d) из реактора (1) карбонизации и/или второго резервуара или охлаждающего резервуара (9), реакционный газ подается в емкость (21) для хранения газа, где реакционный газ повторно подается в реактор (16) газификации.2. Устройство по п.1, отличающееся тем, что влагосодержащая биомасса, принимаемая в реакторе (1) карбонизации, выпаривается под давлением от 5 до 30 бар, предпочтительно под РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (51) МПК C10J 3/26 (11) (13) 2012 151 909 A (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2012151909/10, 14.02.2011 (71) Заявитель(и): ЦББ ГМБХ (DE) Приоритет(ы): (22) Дата подачи заявки: 14.02.2011 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.01.2015 Бюл. № 1 ( ...