ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ 1,1-ДИЭТОКСИЭТАНА В КАЧЕСТВЕ АНТИДЕТОНАЦИОННОЙ ПРИСАДКИ ДЛЯ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ ДЕТОНАЦИОННОЙ СТОЙКОСТИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО БЕНЗИНА

Настоящее изобретение относится к применению 1,1-диэтоксиэтана в качестве антидетонационной присадки для увеличения детонационной стойкости низкокипящего бензина с температурой начала кипения от 80°С до 120°С, исследовательское и моторное октановые числа которого составляют не менее 70 единиц. Причем 1,1-диэтоксиэтан составляет от 5% до 20% по объему относительно общего объема низкокипящего бензина и является единственной антидетонационной присадкой, при этом исследовательское октановое число бензина увеличивается не менее чем на 40 единиц. Также изобретение относится к автомобильному бензину с исследовательским октановым числом от 110 до 140 единиц, включающему низкокипящий бензин с температурой начала кипения от 80°С до 120°С в качестве базового бензина, 1,1-диэтоксиэтан от 5% до 20% по объему относительно общего объема низкокипящего бензина в качестве единственной антидетонационной присадки, а также стандартные добавки. 2 н. и 5 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 1 пр.

Бензин специальный для первой заправки автомобилей

Изобретение относится к нефтепереработке, в частности к составу автомобильного бензина, предназначенного для использования в качестве топлива для первой заправки автомобилей. Предложен бензин для первой заправки автомобилей, характеризующийся компаундированием следующих компонентов: алкилат установок получения бензинов кислотным алкилированием; изомеризат установки изомеризации легких бензиновых фракций с блоками предварительной гидроочистки; бутан-бутиленовой фракции с установок каталитического крекинга, метил-трет-бутилового эфира и многофункциональной присадки HITEC 6437 ЕСТО, при следующем соотношении, мас.%: алкилат 51÷75, изомеризат 15÷35, бутан-бутиленовая фракция ≤4, метил-трет-бутиловый эфир ≤15, многофункциональная присадка HITEC 6437 ECTO ≤0,1. Техническим результатом является получение бензина, обладающего высокими октановыми характеристиками, как по исследовательскому, так и по моторному методам, низким содержанием вредных выбросов, выделяемых в процессе сгорания, отсутствием ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫЙ БЕНЗИН И АНТИДЕТОНАЦИОННАЯ ДОБАВКА ДЛЯ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение раскрывает высокооктановый автомобильный бензин с октановым числом не менее 91 ед., определенным по исследовательскому методу, включающий в себя в качестве основного компонента бензиновую фракцию, выкипающую до 225°С, характеризующийся тем, что для повышения детонационной стойкости содержит изопропилбензол и оксигенат, при следующем соотношении компонентов, % масс.: изопропилбензол 2,0-35,0, оксигенат 1,0-23,0, бензиновая фракция до 100,0. Также раскрывается антидетонационная добавка, состоящая из изопропилбензола и оксигената, при следующем соотношении компонентов, % масс.: изопропилбензол 10,0-90,0, оксигенат до 100,0. Технический результат заключается в получении автомобильного бензина, который удовлетворяет всем требованиям к современным бензинам для автомобилей Евро-5/6 и ниже при максимально эффективном использовании антидетонационных свойств ароматических углеводородов и оксигенатов. 2 н. и 2 з.п. ф-лы, 6 табл.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ПРОТИВОИЗНОСНОЙ ПРИСАДКИ К ТОПЛИВАМ ДЛЯ РЕАКТИВНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

Изобретение раскрывает композицию противоизносной присадки к топливам для реактивных двигателей содержащая олеиновую кислоту и антиокислительную присадку Агидол-1, в качестве олеиновой кислоты содержит техническую олеиновую кислоту, представляющую собой смесь ненасыщенных жирных кислот с содержанием олеиновой кислоты 57,7-64,9 мас.%, линолевой кислоты 17,8-20,8 мас.%, линоленовой кислоты 1,2-8,2 мас.% и общим содержанием жирных кислот 97,4-98,3 мас.% и дополнительно содержит гидроочищенный компонент авиационного топлива для реактивных двигателей при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: олеиновая кислота техническая - 70,0-80,0, Агидол-1 - 0,3-0,5, гидроочищенный компонент авиационного топлива для реактивных двигателей - остальное. Технический результат: получение композиции противоизносной присадки для реактивных топлив с улучшенной смазочной способностью и стабильностью при хранении. 6 табл.

Комплексная присадка к автомобильным бензинам

Изобретение раскрывает комплексную присадку к автомобильным бензинам для двигателей внутреннего сгорания с искровым зажиганием, включающую метил-трет-бутиловый эфир и изобутиловый спирт, характеризующуюся тем, что дополнительно содержит азотсодержащее ароматическое соединение ММА и антикоррозионную присадку DCI-11 при следующем соотношении компонентов: ИБС – 20-80 мас.%, ММА – 0,5 мас.%, антикоррозионная присадка DCI-11 – 0,015 мас.%, МТБЭ – остальное. Технический результат: повышение антидетонационных и антикоррозионных свойств присадки. 1 табл., 2 пр.

Компонент автомобильных бензинов и способ его получения

Изобретение раскрывает способ получения компонента автомобильных бензинов, характеризующийся тем, что после смешения легкокипящего побочного продукта производства бутиловых спиртов и легких углеводородных фракций с начальной температурой кипения не ниже 25°С и конечной температурой кипения не выше 250°С в массовом соотношении компонентов 0,2:0,8 (легкокипящий побочный продукт : легкая углеводородная фракция) отделяется вода методом сепарации и добавляется антикоррозионная присадка в количестве 0,05% масс. Также раскрывается компонент автомобильных бензинов. Технический результат заключается в получении компонента автомобильных бензинов, который обеспечивает улучшенные эксплуатационные свойства товарных бензинов. 2 н.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 2 табл., 2 пр.

ПРОТИВОИЗНОСНАЯ ПРИСАДКА К ТОПЛИВАМ ДЛЯ РЕАКТИВНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

Изобретение описывает противоизносную присадку к топливам для реактивных двигателей на основе карбоновых кислот, характеризующуюся тем, что она содержит олеиновую кислоту с массовой долей основного вещества не менее 99%, агидол-1 и толуол при следующем соотношении компонентов, % масс.: олеиновая кислота с массовой долей основного вещества не менее 99% - 60,0-80,0, агидол-1 - 1,0-2,0, толуол - остальное. Технический результат заключается в расширении номенклатурного ряда присадок, улучшающих противоизносные свойства и не ухудшающих эксплуатационные и физико-химические свойства топлив для реактивных двигателей, на отечественной сырьевой базе при невысоких затратах на их производство. 3 табл.

СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОГО ТОПЛИВА

... 1. Способ изготовления синтетических видов топлива, в котором- на первой стадии способа содержащую водяной пар и оксигенаты, такие как метанол и/или диметиловый эфир, исходную смесь на катализаторе превращают в олефины,- эту олефиновую смесь в разделительном устройстве разделяют на богатый С-С-углеводородами поток и богатый С-углероводородами поток,- богатый С-углеводородами поток разделяют на богатый C- и С-углеводородами поток и богатый С-углеводородами поток,- богатый С- и С-углеводородами поток подвергают, по меньшей мере частично, этерификации метанолом, и- полученный таким образом эфир подмешивают к потоку бензинового продукта.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что частичный поток богатого С- и С-углеводородами потока направляют мимо процесса этерификации и напрямую подмешивают к потоку бензинового продукта.3. Способ по п.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что долю подводимого к процессу этерификации C/С-потока и долю направляемого мимо процесса этерификации С/С-потока регулируют в зависимости ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЗОЛЬКЕТАЛЯ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Multifunctional diesel oil cetane number improver and preparation method thereof

PRODUCT COMPOSITIONS FOR DIMETHOXYMETHANE OLIGOMERS MIXED WITH DISTILLATE FUELS

A composition comprising a distillate fuel, an oligomer portion comprising at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer, and a stabilizer comprising one or more alcohols. A composition comprising a distillate fuel, and an oligomer portion comprising at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer, DMMn, wherein n is less than 3 and/or greater than 4. A composition comprising a distillate fuel, and less than 10 volume percent of an oligomer portion, wherein the oligomer portion comprises at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer. A method comprising separating, from a mixture of DMMn oligomers, one or more DMMn fractions comprising oligomers of a desired chain length n, and combining a desired amount of one or more of the separated DMMn fractions with a distillate fuel to provide a fuel composition. A composition comprising a distillate fuel that includes renewable distillate fuel, DMMn and/or alcohol. 1. A composition comprising:a distillate fuel; andan oligomer portion comprising at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer, DMMn, wherein n is less than 3 and/or greater than 4.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a cetane content that is greater than or equal to the cetane content of a similar composition in which the oligomer portion does not comprise at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer claim 1 , DMMn claim 1 , wherein n is greater than 4.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a cloud point and/or a pour point that is within 5 claim 1 , 10 claim 1 , or 15% of the cloud point and/or pour point claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , of a similar composition in which the oligomer portion does not comprise at least one dimethoxymethane oligomer claim 1 , DMMn claim 1 , wherein n is greater than 4.4. The composition of further comprising: a stabilizer comprising one or more alcohols.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the alcohol has a boiling point of greater than or equal to 95° C. claim 4 , 100° C. claim 4 , or 105° C. claim 4 , or in the range ...

ТОПЛИВО ДЛЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ С ВОСПЛАМЕНЕНИЕМ ОТ СЖАТИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ДИМЕТИЛОВОГО ЭФИРА МОНООКСИМЕТИЛЕНА

Изобретение раскрывает топливо для двигателей с воспламенением от сжатия, содержащее диметиловый эфир монооксиметилена, характеризующееся тем, что содержит по меньшей мере 80 мас.% диметилового эфира монооксиметилена и до 20 мас.% по меньшей мере одного оксигената н-полиоксаалканового типа, который выбран из группы, состоящей из диалкиловых эфиров полиоксиметилена формулы RO(-CH2O-)nR, где n = 4-10 и R - алкильная группа, диалкиловых эфиров полиэтиленгликоля и/или формалей моноалкильных эфиров полиэтиленгликоля, и цетановое число топлива составляет ≥48,6. Технический результат заключается в снижении вредных выбросов СО2 и NOх, а также снижении выбросов сажи при сжигании указанного топлива. 10 з.п. ф-лы, 11 пр., 1 ил.

Присадка к дизельному топливу комплексного действия и способ ее получения

Изобретение раскрывает присадку к дизельным топливам, которая представляет собой продукт нитрования фракции, выделенной из кубового остатка производства бутиловых спиртов (КОБС), полученных методом оксосинтеза, при этом для нитрования использована фракция КОБС, кипящая в пределах 190°С – КК и содержащая 94-99 масс. % высококипящих компонентов, в т.ч. жирных спиртов, 1,0-6,0масс. % спиртов С8 (2-этилгексанол, 2-этил-4-метилпентанол), содержащая в своем составе нитроэфиры и жирные кислоты и обладающая цетанповышающими и противоизносными свойствами. Также раскрывается способ получения присадки к дизельным топливам. Технический результат заключается в получении присадки комплексного действия, обладающей цетанповышающими и смазывающими свойствами, используя при этом одно сырье, а также способствует более квалифицированной утилизации КОБСа - побочного продукта производства бутиловых спиртов. 2 н.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 1 пр.

КИСЛОРОДСОДЕРЖАЩАЯ АНТИДЕТОНАЦИОННАЯ ПРИСАДКА К АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫМ БЕНЗИНАМ

Изобретение раскрывает кислородсодержащую антидетонационную присадку к автомобильным бензинам для двигателей внутреннего сгорания с искровым зажиганием, состоящую из метилтретбутилового эфира, при этом присадка дополнительно содержит изобутиловый спирт при следующем соотношении компонентов,% масс.: изобутиловый спирт 20-80; метилтретбутиловый эфир – остальное. Технический результат заключается в создании октаноповышающей присадки к автомобильным бензинам, обладающей высокими антидетонационными свойствами, стабильностью при хранении топлива и эксплуатации автотранспорта в летние периоды. 4 ил., 3 табл.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ 1,1-ДИЭТОКСИЭТАНА В КАЧЕСТВЕ АНТИДЕТОНАЦИОННОЙ ПРИСАДКИ ДЛЯ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ ДЕТОНАЦИОННОЙ СТОЙКОСТИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО БЕНЗИНА

... 1. Применение 1,1-диэтоксиэтана в качестве антидетонационной присадки для увеличения детонационной стойкости низкокипящего бензина с температурой начала кипения от 80°С до 120°С, исследовательское и моторное октановые числа которого составляют не менее 70 единиц, причем 1,1-диэтоксиэтан является единственной антидетонационной присадкой, при этом исследовательское октановое число бензина увеличивается не менее чем на 40 единиц.2. Применение 1,1-диэтоксиэтана по п.1, отличающееся тем, что моторное октановое число увеличивается на величину от 25 до 40 единиц, предпочтительно на величину от 30 до 40 единиц.3. Применение 1,1-диэтоксиэтана по п.1 или 2, для увеличения детонационной стойкости низкокипящего бензина с температурой начала кипения от 80°С до 115°С, предпочтительно от 85°С до 110°С.4. Применение 1,1-диэтоксиэтана по п.1 или 2, в количестве от 5% до 20% по объему относительно общего объема низкокипящего бензина, в предпочтительном варианте осуществления в количестве от 5% до 10% по ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

... 1. Композиция неэтилированного авиационного топлива, имеющая ΜΟΝ по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы менее 0,05% мас., содержание CHN по меньшей мере 97,2% мас., содержание кислорода менее 2,8% мас., Т10 не более 75°С, Т40 по меньшей мере 75°С, Т50 не более 105°С, Т90 не более 135°С, температуру конца кипения менее 190°С, скорректированную теплоту сгорания по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление паров в диапазоне 38-49 кПа, и содержащая смесь, состоящую из:20-35 об.% толуола, имеющего ΜΟΝ по меньшей мере 107;2-10 об.% анилина;30-55 об.% по меньшей мере одного алкилата или алкилатной смеси, имеющих диапазон температур начала кипения 32-60°С и диапазон температур конца кипения 105-140°С, имеющих Т40 менее 99°С, Т50 менее 100°С, Т90 менее 110°С, причем алкилат или алкилатная смесь содержит изопарафины с 4-9 атомами углерода, 3-20 об.% С5 изопарафинов, 3-15 об.% С7 изопарафинов и 60-90 об.% С8 изопарафинов, в расчете на алкилат или алкилатную смесь, и менее 1 об.% С10+ в расчете на алкилат ...

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline

STABILIZED BIODIESEL FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Disclosed are stabilized biodiesel fuel compositions, which compositions comprise a bio- diesel fuel, for example the methyl esters of the fatty acids of rapeseed or soy oil, and one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranones and the hin- dered amine light stabilizers, and optionally, one or more hindered phenolic antioxidants.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than -58 °C is provided.

COMPOSITE MOTOR FUEL

composition of aviation fuel unleaded

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

Изобретение описывает композицию неэтилированного авиационного топлива, которая имеет МОЧ по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы меньше чем 0,05 мас.%, температуру T10 самое большее 75ºC, T40 - по меньшей мере 75ºC, T50 - самое большее 105ºC, T90 - самое большее 135ºC, температуру конца кипения – меньше чем 190°C, уточненную теплоту сгорания по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление насыщенного пара в диапазоне от 38 до 49 кПа и температуру замерзания ниже чем -58°C. Технический результат заключается в получении высокооктановой композиции авиационного топлива с улучшенными характеристиками, которое отвечает стандарту для авиационных топлив ASTM D910. 11 з.п. ф-лы, 12 пр., 3 табл.

СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКОГО ТОПЛИВА

Изобретение относится к получению синтетических видов топлива. Изобретение касается способа, в котором на первой стадии способа содержащую водяной пар и оксигенаты, такие как метанол и/или диметиловый эфир, исходную смесь на катализаторе превращают в олефипы, эту олефиновую смесь в разделительном устройстве разделяют на богатый C-C-углеводородами поток и богатый C-углероводородами поток. Богатый C-углеводородами моток разделяют на богатый C- и C-углеводородами поток и богатый C-углеводородами поток бензинового продукта, при этом богатый C- и C-углеводородами поток частично подвергают этерификации метанолом и полученный таким образом эфир подмешивают к потоку бензинового продукта. Изобретение также касается установки для получения синтетических топлив. Технический результат - снижение содержания олефинов в синтетических топливах. 2 н. и 12 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 3 табл., 2 пр.

Композиция автомобильного бензина

Композиция автомобильного бензина, включающая бензин каталитического риформинга, изомеризат, алкилбензин, бензин каталитического крекинга, отличающаяся тем, что бензин каталитического риформинга произведен на установке каталитического риформинга с непрерывной регенерацией платинового катализатора, а бензин каталитического крекинга представлен фракцией стабильного бензина и фракцией легкого бензина; дополнительно композиция содержит метил-трет-бутиловый эфир и антиокислительную присадку Агидол при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%:Технический результат заключается в получении автомобильного бензина, который соответствуют требованиям ГОСТ Р 51866-2002 (ЕН 228-2004), а также Техническим регламентам FIA и FIM с октановым числом по исследовательскому методу не менее 100 пунктов для современных гоночных, спортивных автомобилей, скутеров, мотоциклов, картов и форсированных внедорожников. 7 табл.

Бензин специальный для первой заправки автомобилей

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

... 1. Композиция неэтилированного авиационного топлива, которая имеет МОЧ, по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы меньше, чем 0,05 масс.%, температуру Т10 самое большее 75°С, Т40 - по меньшей мере 75°С, Т50 - самое большее 105°С, Т90 - самое большее 135°С, температуру конца кипения - меньше, чем 190°С, уточненную теплоту сгорания, по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление насыщенного пара в диапазоне от 38 до 49 кПа, включающая смесь, содержащую:от 5 об.% до 20 об.% толуола, имеющего МОЧ, по меньшей мере 107;от 2 об.% до 10 об.% анилина;от 35 об.% до 65 об.%, по меньшей мере одного алкилата или смеси алкилатов, имеющей температуру начала кипения в диапазоне от 32°С до 60°С и температуру конца кипения в диапазоне от 105°С до 140°С, имеющей Т40 меньше, чем 99°С, Т50 меньше, чем 100°С, Т90 меньше, чем 110°С; причем алкилат или смесь алкилатов содержит изопарафины, имеющие от 4 до 9 атомов углерода, 3-20 об.% С5 изопарафинов, 3-15 об.% С7 изопарафинов и 60-90 об.% С8 изопарафинов, в расчете на алкилат ...

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions (AVGAS) having a MON of at least 99.6, a high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than -58 °C is provided. The fuel comprises a blend of toluene, aniline, alkylate or alkylate blend, branched alkyl acetate and isopentane in certain proportions, and less than 1 vol% C8 aromatics.

High Octane Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than -58 °C is provided.

composições estabilizadas de combustìvel biodiesel

КОМБИНАЦИЯ ПРИСАДОК ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВА

Изобретение описывает топливную композицию, которая содержит по меньшей мере: топливо, содержащее по меньшей мере 50 масс.% дизельного топлива; от 5 до 1000 млн(миллионных долей) соединения (Т1), выбранного из полиалкиленгликолей, простых эфиров алкила С-Си полиалкиленгликоля, и их смесей; от 5 до 500 млнсоединения (Т2), выбранного из сложных эфиров полиолов и алифатических монокарбоновых кислот С-С, предпочтительно С-С, насыщенных или ненасыщенных, линейных или разветвленных, циклических или ациклических, при этом указанные сложные эфиры взяты по отдельности или в смеси, и по меньшей мере одну моющую присадку, где массовое соотношение (Т1):(Т2) составляет от 10:1 до 1:10, предпочтительно от 10:1 до 1:1. Также описывается композиция присадок к топливу, способ получения топливной композиции и применение композиции присадок в топливе. Технический результат: предотвращение, замедление образования кристаллов или хлопьев льда в резервуаре транспортного средства, оснащенного двигателем внутреннего ...

Кислородсодержащее композиционное дизельное топливо

Изобретение относится к кислородсодержащему композиционному дизельному топливу, содержащему от 0,05 до 20% масс. паральдегида, остальное жидкое нефтяное топливо для использования в двигателях с воспламенением топливовоздушной смеси от сжатия, получаемое при переработке нефтей и газовых конденсатов, или смесь жидкого нефтяного топлива для использования в двигателях с воспламенением топливовоздушной смеси от сжатия, получаемого при переработке нефтей и газовых конденсатов, с базовым биодизельным топливом – до 100 % масс.Изобретение обеспечивает разработку композиционного дизельного топлива для двигателей с воспламенением от сжатия (дизельных двигателей), обеспечивает использование возобновляемых компонентов, обеспечивает использование компонентов, имеющих широкую ресурсную базу, обеспечивает исключение содержания компонентов, хорошо растворимых в воде и плохо растворимых в нефтяном дизельном топливе, обеспечивает использование паральдегида, обеспечивает создание добавки к композиционному ...

ПРОТИВОИЗНОСНАЯ ПРИСАДКА К УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОМУ ТОПЛИВУ

Изобретение описывает противоизносную присадку к углеводородному топливу на основе сложных эфиров органических кислот, которая представляет собой продукт, полученный в результате смешения щавелевой кислоты с кубовым остатком производства бутиловых спиртов (КОБС) при следующем соотношении компонентов, % мас:и последующего отделения из реакционной массы смеси паров легких углеводородных фракций и воды. Технический результат заключается в повышении противоизносных свойств при сохранении хорошей совместимости с моторным маслом, в исключении применения товарных продуктов (2-этилгексанола), в исключении применения растворителя (циклогексана), в упрощении способа получения, в сокращении продолжительности приготовления, в сокращении материальных и энергетических затрат. 1 з.п.ф-лы, 3 табл., 5 пр.

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ КИСЛОРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ К АВТОМОБИЛЬНОМУ БЕНЗИНУ

Изобретение относится к производству высокооктановых бензинов. Предложен высокооктановый кислородсодержащий компонент (ВОК) к автомобильным бензинам для двигателей внутреннего сгорания с искровым зажиганием, представляющий собой смесь изо-бутилового спирта (ИБС) и насыщенных парафинов, получаемых в процессе сернокислотного алкилирования олефинов (алкилат), характеризующийся тем, что дополнительно содержит метил-трет-бутиловый эфир (МТБЭ) при следующем соотношении компонентов: алкилат 50-75% мас., МТБЭ 12,5-25% мас., ИБС - 12,5-25% мас. Технический результат заключается в повышении коэффициента распределения детонационной стойкости (КРДС) по фракциям и увеличении удельной теплоты сгорания автомобильного бензина. 2 табл., 2 пр.

Топливная композиция дизельного топлива

Изобретение относится к топливной композиции дизельного топлива. Предложена топливная композиция, на основе дизельной фракции, выкипающей в пределах 180-360°С, содержащая в качестве промоторов воспламенения органические перекиси из группы пероксикеталей общей формулы (1), где R1 и R2 – 2-фенилизопропильный или трет-бутильный радикал, R3=R4 - метильный радикал; выбранные из группы: 2,2-ди(2-фенилизопропилперокси)пропан, 2,2-ди(трет-бутилперокси)пропан; или смесь циклических производных, полученных из двух и трех молекул кетона, - формулы (2), где R1 и R2, R3 и R4 попарно образуют циклогексен, замещенный тремя группами метила, или R1 и R3 - изобутен-2-ильный радикал, а R2 и R4 - метильный радикал, или R1 = R3 - 2-гидрокси-2-метилпропильный радикал, а R2 = R4 - метильный радикал; и формулы (3), где R1 и R2, R3 и R4, R5 и R6 попарно образуют циклогексен, замещенный тремя группами метила, или R1 = R3 = R5 - изобутен-2-ильный радикал, а R2 = R4 = R6 - метильный радикал, или R1 = R3 = R5 - 2-гидрокси ...

Альтернативное топливо для бензиновых двигателей

Изобретение относится к альтернативному автомобильному топливу. Предложено альтернативное топливо для бензиновых двигателей, содержащее 20-40 масс.% алифатического простого эфира и до 100 масс.% отходы спиртового производства, при этом давление насыщенных паров алифатического простого эфира составляет не менее 40 кПа, а отходы спиртового производства содержат не менее 85% об. этилового спирта и не более 0,5% об. метилового спирта. Технический результат – получение альтернативного топлива для бензиновых двигателей с октановым числом не менее 103 единиц и давлением насыщенных паров не менее 38 кПа, низким содержанием серы, высокой химической стабильностью, а также дополнительно улучшенными антикоррозионными свойствами. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 3 табл., 7 пр.

ТОПЛИВО ДЛЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ С ВОСПЛАМЕНЕНИЕМ ОТ СЖАТИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ДИМЕТИЛОВОГО ЭФИРА МОНООКСИМЕТИЛЕНА

... 1. Топливо для двигателей с воспламенением от сжатия, содержащее диметиловый эфир монооксиметилена, характеризующееся тем, что цетановое число топлива составляет ≥48,6.2. Топливо по п.1, характеризующееся тем, что цетановое число топлива составляет ≥51.3. Топливо по п.2, характеризующееся тем, что топливо содержит по меньшей мере 80% масс. диметилового эфира монооксиметилена.4. Топливо по п.2, характеризующееся тем, что топливо содержит по меньшей мере один оксигенат н-полиоксаалканового типа, который выбран из группы, состоящей из диалкиловых эфиров полиоксиметилена формулы RO(-CHO-)R, где n=4-10 и R=aлкильнaя группа, диалкиловых эфиров полиэтиленгликоля и/или формалей моноалкильных эфиров полиэтиленгликоля.5. Топливо по п.4, характеризующееся тем, что топливо содержит до 20% масс, предпочтительно до 5% масс и более предпочтительно до 3% масс, по меньшей мере одного оксигената н-полиоксаалканового типа, который выбран из группы, состоящей из диалкиловых эфиров полиоксиметилена формулы ...

АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОЕ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОЕ ТОПЛИВО И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение раскрывает альтернативное автомобильное топливо с октановым числом не менее 100,0 единиц, определенным по моторному методу, состоящее из этилового спирта и эфирной части, отличающееся тем, что в качестве эфирной части содержит простой циклический эфир - оксид пропилена, при следующем соотношении компонентов, об.%:эфирная часть 5-10этиловый спирт до 100Также раскрывается способ получения альтернативного автомобильного топлива. Технический результат заключается в получении альтернативного автомобильного топлива, которое обладает октановым числом не менее 100 ед., определенным по моторному методу, низким содержанием промытых и непромытых смол (не более 5 мг/100 см) и серы (не более 10 мг/кг), а также соответствует основным требованиям к характеристикам топлив для FFV-автомобилей по ASTM D5798, EN 15293 и ГОСТ Р 54290. 2 н.п ф-лы, 4 табл.

Композиция автомобильного бензина

Изобретение раскрывает композицию автомобильного бензина, включающую толуол, метил-трет-бутиловый эфир, алкилат, бензиновую фракцию, полученную каталитическим крекингом, антиокислительную присадку Агидол, а также бензин каталитического риформинга, при этом бензиновая фракция каталитического крекинга представлена фракцией легкого бензина при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: Предлагаемая композиция позволяет получать продукт, отвечающий требованиям НД в широком диапазоне октановых чисел от 101,5 до 103,9. 5 табл.

Кислородсодержащее композиционное дизельное топливо с регулируемыми низкотемпературными свойствами

Изобретение в целом относится к топливам для дизельных двигателей. Изобретение касается кислородсодержащего композиционного дизельного топлива с регулируемыми низкотемпературными свойствами, которое содержит от 0,05 до 20% масс. смеси кислородсодержащих компонентов, остальное - до 100% масс. дизельное топливо или смесь дизельного топлива с базовым биодизельным топливом, при этом смесь кислородсодержащих компонентов содержит паральдегид от 0,1 до 99,9% масс., остальное - 1,1-диэтоксиэтан. Технический результат - получение композиционного дизельного топлива для двигателей с воспламенением от сжатия, возможность регулирования низкотемпературных свойств смесей кислородсодержащих компонентов, создание добавки к композиционному дизельному топливу, полностью состоящей из возобновляемых компонентов. 6 ил.

BIO DIESEL FUEL MIXTURE CONTAINING POLYOXYMETHYLENDIALKYLETHER

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE 5 High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75'C, T40 of at least 750 C, a T50 of at most 1050 C, a T90 of at most 135'C, a final boiling point of less than 190'C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than -58 'C is provided.

DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION

A diesel fuel composition comprising a renewable paraffinic diesel component and di-GTBE. A method for producing said diesel fuel composition and use thereof. Use of di-GTBE as a lubricity improver for fuels is further disclosed.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having a CHN content of at least 97.2wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 210°, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa is provided.

PROCESS FOR MAKING BIOBASED FUEL ADDITIVES

Wholly biobased MTBE and ETBE fuel additive materials are described, together with fuel compositions including such additives and processes for making the wholly biobased MTBE and ETBE using isobutene prepared from acetic acid in the presence of a ZnxZryOz mixed oxide catalyst.

Method of treating a fuel to reverse phase separation

A method of treating a liquid made up of an initial alcohol-blended fuel combined with water so that there is phase separation of an alcohol-water layer. A co-solvent is added to the first quantity of liquid and mixed with the first quantity of liquid to reverse the phase separation of the alcohol-water layer.

Fuel Composition of Diesel Fuel

The invention relates to a fuel composition based on a diesel fraction, having a sulphur content of less than 10 mg/kg with the boiling range of 180-360° C., characterized in that said fuel composition contains organic peroxides as ignition promoters, which are selected from the group: di-tert-butyl peroxide, 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, dicumyl peroxide, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, isobutyl cumyl peroxide, n-butyl cumyl peroxide, isopropyl cumyl peroxide, ethyl cumyl peroxide and methyl cumyl peroxide, and contains an anti-wear additive based on carboxylic acids having the following ratio of components, wt %: 0.01-0.5 organic peroxide, 0.005-0.1 anti-wear additive, and up to 100 being the diesel fraction. The proposed diesel fuel composition allows producing diesel fuel which meets quality performance requirements.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC FUELS

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЗОЛЬКЕТАЛЯ

Изобретение относится к способам получения золькеталя - смеси изомеров 2,2-диметил-4-гидроксиметил-1,3-диоксолана и 2,2-диметил-1,3-диоксан-5-ола - путем взаимодействия глицерина и ацетона на гетерогенном катализаторе, например катионообменных смолах или цеолитах, и может быть использовано при производстве оксигенатов, улучшающих эксплуатационные свойства топлив для двигателей внутреннего сгорания. Процесс получения золькеталя осуществляется путем взаимодействия глицерина и ацетона на гетерогенном кислотном катализаторе с последующим разделением продуктов реакции методом ректификации в исходный глицерин или в продукты реакции добавляют щелочь в количестве не менее 0,02% от массы взятого глицерина. Технический результат - повышение выхода золькеталя. 11 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЗОЛЬКЕТАЛЯ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к способам получения золькеталя - смеси изомеров 2,2-диметил-4-гидроксиметил-1,3-диоксолана и 2,2-диметил-5-гидроксиметил-1,3-диоксолана - путем взаимодействия глицерина и ацетона на кислотном гетерогенном катализаторе, например катионообменной смоле КУ2-8 или цеолите бета, и может быть использовано при производстве оксигенатов, улучшающих эксплуатационные свойства топлив для двигателей внутреннего сгорания. По первому варианту получение золькеталя осуществляют путем взаимодействия глицерина и ацетона на гетерогенном кислотном катализаторе в проточном реакторе при температуре 35-55°С и мольном соотношении глицерин:ацетон, равном 1:(5-20). При этом процесс ведут в пленке исходных реагентов, стекающих по поверхности катализатора, а пленку создают за счет орошения слоя катализатора реагентами. По второму варианту способа золькеталь получают путем взаимодействия глицерина и ацетона в присутствии этанола на гетерогенном катализаторе при повышенной температуре и разделения ...

МНОГОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ДОБАВКА К АВТОМОБИЛЬНОМУ БЕНЗИНУ И ТОПЛИВНАЯ ОСНОВА ЕЕ СОДЕРЖАЩАЯ

Изобретение описывает многофункциональную композиционную добавку к автомобильному бензину на основе производных ароматических аминов, алифатических спиртов, антиокислительной и моющей присадок, характеризующуюся тем, что в качестве производных ароматических аминов содержит мета-толуидин, и/или N-метил-параанизидин, и/или 2,4-ксилидин и дополнительно содержит вторичные и/или третичные метиловые эфиры С-Суглеводородов в следующем соотношении компонентов (% масс.):Также раскрывается топливная основа, состоящая из этерифицированного бензина каталитического крекинга и многофункциональной композиционной добавки. Технический результат заключается в получении многофункциональной композиционной добавки для топливной композиции, которая характеризуется высокой экологичностью, антидетонационной стойкостью, высокой антиокислительной стабильностью, не содержит металлы и N-метиланилин и может использоваться для производства автомобильных бензинов экологического класса К5 и выше. 2 н. и 3 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АНТИДЕТОНАЦИОННОЙ ДОБАВКИ К АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫМ БЕНЗИНАМ И ТОПЛИВНАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩАЯ АНТИДЕТОНАЦИОННУЮ ДОБАВКУ, ПОЛУЧЕННУЮ РАЗРАБОТАННЫМ СПОСОБОМ

Изобретение раскрывает способ получения антидетонационной добавки к автомобильным бензинам на основе алкил-трет-алкиловых эфиров, осуществляемый путем взаимодействия спирта с изоалкиленсодержащей фракцией, характеризующийся тем, что в качестве спирта используют метанол, в качестве изоалкиленсодержащей фракции - изобутиленсодержащую или изоамиленсодержащую фракцию, выделенный из реакционной массы метил-трет-бутиловый или метил-трет-амиловый эфир смешивают с непрореагировавшим и отделенным от воды метанолом в следующем соотношении, мас.%:Также заявлена топливная композиция автомобильного бензина из углеводородных фракций, содержащая антидетонационную добавку, полученную разработанным способом, в концентрации 3,0-22,0 мас.%. Технический результат заключается в улучшении эксплуатационных свойств топлив, в существенном повышении детонационной стойкости базовых топлив, при этом другие физико-химические и эксплуатационные свойства не изменяются или находятся в пределах допустимых норм. 2 н. и ...

КОМПОНЕНТ АНТИДЕТОНАЦИОННЫЙ ДЛЯ МОТОРНЫХ ТОПЛИВ

Изобретение относится к области нефтепереработки и нефтехимии, в частности к антидетонационным присадкам, используемым при производстве высокооктановых бензинов. Изобретение относится к компоненту антидетонационному для моторных топлив, состоящему из метил-трет-бутилового эфира, изобутилового спирта, метанола и пироконденсата при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: метил-трет-бутиловый эфир 6-7, изобутиловый спирт 15-20, метанол 60-70, пироконденсат 9-13. Технический результат – повышение антидетонационных свойств моторного топлива, уменьшение расхода топлива, очистка топливной системы, снижение токсичности, увеличение срока службы двигателя. 1 табл., 2 пр.

ТОПЛИВНАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ ДИЗЕЛЬНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

Изобретение описывает топливную композицию для дизельных двигателей, которая в качестве присадки к дизельному топливу содержит 5-20% масс. смеси алкилнитратов спиртов С-С, 5-20% масс. смеси простых симметричных диалкиловых эфиров на основе спиртов С-Си до 100% масс. дизельного топлива или любого углеводородного растворителя, причем в качестве исходных спиртов С-Сдля получения смеси алкилнитратов и смеси простых симметричных диалкиловых эфиров используют фракцию спиртов C-C, полученных методом жидкофазного окисления фракции н-алканов С-Сводным раствором пероксида водорода в среде метанола на гетерогенном катализаторе ДП-1, и последующего гидрирования реакционной массы на жестком ячеистом катализаторе Pd/AlO. Технический результат заключается в увеличении цетанового числа дизельных топлив на 6-8 единиц, в увеличении смазывающей способности на 20-30% и в снижении температуры застывания дизельных топлив на 17-20°С. 2 табл.

КОМБИНАЦИЯ ПРИСАДОК ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВА

Высокооктановый спортивный бензин с ОЧИМ 105

Настоящее изобретение относится к высокооктановому спортивному бензину с ОЧИМ 105, который включает толуол, алкилат, бензин каталитического крекинга, характеризующемуся тем, что толуол получен путем выделения его в чистом виде из бензина каталитического риформинга, а бензин каталитического крекинга представлен фракцией легкого бензина; дополнительно состав высокооктанового спортивного бензина содержит метил-трет-бутиловый эфир и антиокислительную присадку Агидол при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: Настоящее изобретение обеспечивает разработку высокооктанового спортивного бензина с ОЧИМ 105, соответствующего требованиям ГОСТ Р 32513-2013 (ЕН 228-224), Технического регламента Таможенного союза TP ТС 013/2011, а также Техническим регламентам FIA (Международная автомобильная федерация) и FIM (Международная мотоциклетная федерация) с октановым числом по исследовательскому методу не менее 105 пунктов для современных гоночных, спортивных автомобилей, скутеров, мотоциклов, картов и форсированных ...

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than -58 °C is provided.

Automobile power oil

FORMULATION OF A NEW DIESEL FUEL SUITABLE FOR DIESEL ENGINES

Diesel fuel compositions

The present disclosure provides a diesel fuel composition containing DMC and multifunctional additives to reduce particulate emission, improve efficiency and be used in cold and/or hypoxia conditions.

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt %, less than 2.8 wt % of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 190° C., an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than 58° C. is provided.

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

Изобретение раскрывает композицию неэтилированного авиационного топлива, которая имеет MON по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы менее 0,05 мас.%, содержание CHN по меньшей мере 97,2 мас.%, содержание кислорода менее 2,8 мас.%, T10 не более 75°C, T40 по меньшей мере 75°C, T50 не более 105°C, T90 не более 135°C, температуру конца кипения менее 210°C, скорректированную теплоту сгорания по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление пара в диапазоне 38-49 кПа, и содержащая: 15-40 об.% толуола, имеющего MON по меньшей мере 107; 2-10 об.% толуидина; 30-55 об.% по меньшей мере одного алкилата или алкилатной смеси, имеющих диапазон температур начала кипения 32-60°С и диапазон температур конца кипения 105-140°С, имеющих T40 менее 99°C, T50 менее 100°С, T90 менее 110°C, причем алкилат или алкилатная смесь содержат изопарафины с 4-9 атомами углерода, 3-20 об.% С5 изопарафинов, 3-15 об.% C7 изопарафинов и 60-90 об.% С8 изопарафинов, в расчете на алкилат или алкилатную смесь, и менее 1 об.% С10+ в расчете на ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

Изобретение описывает композицию неэтилированного авиационного топлива, которая имеет MON по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы менее 0,05% мас., содержание CHN по меньшей мере 97,2% мас., содержание кислорода менее 2,8% мас., T10 не более 75°C, T40 по меньшей мере 75°C, T50 не более 105°C, T90 не более 135°C, температуру конца кипения менее 190°C, скорректированную теплоту сгорания по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление паров в диапазоне 38-49 кПа и содержит: 20-35 об.% толуола, имеющего MON по меньшей мере 107; 2-10 об.% анилина; 30-55 об.% по меньшей мере одного алкилата или алкилатной смеси, имеющих диапазон температур начала кипения 32-60°С и диапазон температур конца кипения 105-140°С, имеющих T40 менее 99°C, T50 менее 100°С, T90 менее 110°C, причем алкилат или алкилатная смесь содержат изопарафины с 4-9 атомами углерода, 3-20 об.% С5 изопарафинов, 3-15 об.% C7 изопарафинов и 60-90 об.% С8 изопарафинов в расчете на алкилат или алкилатную смесь и менее 1 об.% С10+ в расчете на алкилат ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ ТОПЛИВНЫХ ПРИСАДОК И СПОСОБ ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

Настоящее изобретение относится к композиции топливной присадки и ее применению. Композиция топливной присадки для предотвращения образования отложений и устранения уже образовавшихся отложений, присутствующих в системе впрыска топлива и двигателе или в двигателе внутреннего сгорания, содержит оксидное производное (a) изоборнеола или (b) борнеола; при этом оксидное производное (a) изоборнеола или (b) борнеола представляет собой продукт реакции оксиранового соединения и изоборнеола или борнеола; при этом оксирановое соединение выбрано из группы, состоящей из (i) этиленоксида, (ii) пропиленоксида и (iii) бутиленоксида. Также раскрывается топливная композиция, содержащая топливо и указанную композицию топливной присадки, и способы предотвращения образования отложений и устранения уже образовавшихся отложений, и применения композиции топливной присадки для предотвращения образования отложений и для устранения уже образовавшихся отложений, присутствующих в системе впрыска топлива и двигателе ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ БЕНЗИН

Изобретение раскрывает высокооктановый бензин с температурой кипения не выше 215°С и октановым числом не менее 91 ед. по исследовательскому методу, содержащий в качестве основного компонента низкооктановый бензин газовый стабильный, ароматический компонент, метил-трет-бутиловый и изооктен, при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: ароматический компонент 1,0-41,0, метил-трет-бутиловый эфир 3,0-21,0, изооктен 0-17,0, низкооктановый бензин газовый стабильный 42,0-61,0. Технический результат заключается в создании высокооктанового бензина, с высокими значениями октанового числа. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 10 пр., 4 табл.

Способ получения высокооктановых компонентов из олефинов каталитического крекинга

Настоящее изобретение относится к вариантам способа получения высокооктанового компонента моторных топлив из олефинсодержащих смесей. Один из вариантов способа заключается в том, что олефинсодержащую смесь подвергают окислению закисью азота с последующим выделением смеси продуктов в качестве высокооктанового компонента. Другой вариант способа заключается в том, что на первой стадии олефинсодержащую смесь подвергают окислению закисью азота в газовой фазе, а на второй стадии проводят конденсацию продуктов, полученных на первой стадии, с последующим выделением смеси продуктов в качестве высокооктанового компонента. Третий вариант заключается в том, что на первой стадии олефинсодержащую смесь подвергают окислению закисью азота в газовой фазе, на второй стадии проводят конденсацию продуктов, полученных на первой стадии, а на третьей стадии проводят реакцию смеси конденсированных оксигенатов, полученной на второй стадии, или смеси карбонильных соединений, полученной на первой стадии, с водородом ...

Топливная композиция авиационного неэтилированного бензина

Изобретение относится к композиции авиационного бензина. Предложена топливная композиция авиационного бензина с октановым числом по моторному методу не менее 99,6, включающая алкилат с Ткк до 170°C, толуол, м-толуидин, метилциклопентадиенилмарганца, которая содержит сочетание высокооктановых оксигенатов МТБЭ и изопропанола, а также при использовании в составе высококипящего м-толуидина применяется добавка изопропилбензола при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: алкилат с Ткк до 170°C до 100; МТБЭ 12-15; изопропилбензол 5-10; толуол 0-8; изопропанол 1-5; м-толуидин 1,5-2; метилциклопентадиенилмарганца 0,1-0,2. Технический результат заключается в разработке топливной композиции высокооктанового неэтилированного авиационного бензина. 1 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл.

Пероксидная цетаноповышающая присадка к дизельному топливу и способ ее получения

Изобретение относится к нефтепереработке и нефтехимии, а именно, к дизельному топливу, одному из наиболее востребованных нефтепродуктов на мировом и российском рынках. Раскрывается способ получения пероксидной цетаноповышающей присадки к дизельному топливу на основе гидропероксида изопропилбензола. В качестве сырья для получения присадки используют технический гидропероксид изопропилбензола – полупродукт промышленного производства фенола и ацетона, содержащий 87-92 масс. % гидропероксида изопропилбензола и примесные количества диметилфенилкарбинола, ацетофенона, кумола и дикумилпероксида. Технический гидропероксид изопропилбензола последовательно смешивают с ацетоном при мольном избытке ацетона по отношению к стехиометрически необходимому 10-50% и н-пентаном, взятым в качестве азеотропобразующего агента в качестве азеотропообразующего агента, в массовом отношении к веществам, введенным в реакцию, (0,3-0,8)/1. К смеси добавляют алкилбензолсульфокислоту или трифторметансульфокислоту в концентрации ...

ВЫСОКООКТАНОВЫЙ НЕЭТИЛИРОВАННЫЙ АВИАЦИОННЫЙ БЕНЗИН

... 1. Композиция неэтилированного авиационного топлива, имеющая MON по меньшей мере 99,6, содержание серы менее 0,05% масс., содержание CHN по меньшей мере 97,2% масс., содержание кислорода менее 2,8% масс., Т10 не более 75°С, Т40 по меньшей мере 75°С, Т50 не более 105°С, Т90 не более 135°С, температуру конца кипения менее 210°С, скорректированную теплоту сгорания по меньшей мере 43,5 МДж/кг, давление пара в диапазоне 38-49 кПа, и содержащая смесь, состоящую из:15-40 об.% толуола, имеющего MON по меньшей мере 107;2-10 об.% толуидина;30-55 об.% по меньшей мере одного алкилата или алкилатной смеси, имеющих диапазон температур начала кипения 32-60°С и диапазон температур конца кипения 105-140°С, имеющих Т40 менее 99°С, Т50 менее 100°С, Т90 менее 110°C, причем алкилат или алкилатная смесь содержат изопарафины с 4-9 атомами углерода, 3-20 об.% С5 изопарафинов, 3-15 об.% С7 изопарафинов и 60-90 об.% С8 изопарафинов, в расчете на алкилат или алкилатную смесь, и менее 1 об.% С10+ в расчете на алкилат ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЗОЛЬКЕТАЛЯ

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having a CHN content of at least 97.2wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75'C, T40 of at least 750 C, a T50 of at most 1050 C, a T90 of at most 135'C, a final boiling point of less than 210'C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the 10 range of 38 to 49 kPa is provided.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and 5 a CHN content of at least 97.2 wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75'C, T40 of at least 750 C, a T50 of at most 1050 C, a T90 of at most 135'C, a final boiling point of less than 190'C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than -58 'C is provided.

FUEL COMPOSITION OF DIESEL FUEL

The invention discloses a fuel composition based on a diesel fraction, having a sulphur content of less than 10 mg/kg and boiling in the range of 180-360°?, characterised in that said fuel composition contains organic peroxides as ignition promoters, which are selected from the group: di-tert-butyl peroxide, 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, dicumyl peroxide, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, isobutyl cumyl peroxide, N-butyl cumyl peroxide, isopropyl cumyl peroxide, ethyl cumyl peroxide and methyl cumyl peroxide, and contains an anti-wear additive based on carboxylic acids having the following ratio of components in wt%: 0.01-0.5 organic peroxide, 0.005-0.1 anti-wear additive, and up to 100 being the diesel fraction. The proposed diesel fuel composition allows the production of a diesel fuel which meets quality performance requirements.

Diesel fuel compositions

METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH-OCTANE COMPONENTS FROM OLEFINS FROM CATALYTIC CRACKING

The invention relates to the field of petrochemistry, and specifically to a method for synthesizing high-octane oxygen containing components of motor fuel. The objects of the invention consist in variants of a method for synthesizing high-octane oxygen-containing components of motor fuel from olefin-containing gas mixtures via oxidative non-catalytic conversions using nitrous oxide, and the subsequent condensation and hydrogenation of the produced oxygenates using heterogeneous catalysts. The high-octane components according to the proposed method consist in a mixture of carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, hydroxy ketones, hydroxy aldehydes) C2-C9 and/or branched hydrocarbons C5-C9 and/or alcohols in different ratios. Depending on the production method variant, the octane number of a mixture of the proposed high-octane components consists in a value between 100 and 130 RON. The technical result consists in broadening the resource base for the production of high-octane gasolines and ...

Stabilized biodiesel fuel compositions

Disclosed are stabilized biodiesel fuel compositions, which compositions comprise a biodiesel fuel, for example the methyl esters of the fatty acids of rapeseed or soy oil, and one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranones and the hindered amine light stabilizers, and optionally, one or more hindered phenolic antioxidants.

Kraftstoff für Selbstzündungsmotoren basierend auf Monooxymethylendimethylether

Beschrieben wird ein Kraftstoff für Selbstzündungsmotoren, der Monooxymethylendimetylether enthält und eine Cetanzahl von 51 aufweist. Vorteilhafterweise enthält dieser Kraftstoff für Selbstzündungsmotoren Oxygenate vom Typ n-Polyoxaalkane und/oder Di-tert-Butylperoxyd. Bis zu etwa 20 Gew.-% des Monooxymethylendimethylethers können durch Dimethylether ersetzt werden.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having a CHN content of at least 97.2wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75'C, T40 of at least 750 C, a T50 of at most 1050 C, a T90 of at most 135'C, a final boiling point of less than 210'C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the 10 range of 38 to 49 kPa is provided.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than -58 °C is provided.

USE OF 1,1-DIETHOXYETHANE FOR INCREASING THE KNOCKING RESISTANCE OF AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINE

The present invention relates to the use of 1,1-diethoxyethane for increasing the knocking resistance of low-boiling gasoline with an initial boiling point (IBP) of 80°C to 120°C by at least 40 units (research octane number).

FORMULATION OF A NEW DIESEL FUEL SUITABLE FOR DIESEL ENGINES

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE 5 High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75'C, T40 of at least 750 C, a T50 of at most 1050 C, a T90 of at most 135'C, a final boiling point of less than 190'C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than -58 'C is provided.

Biodiesel fuel mixture containing polyoxymethylene dialkyl ether

Stabilized biodiesel fuel compositions

mistura de combustível de biodisel, e, uso de um composto

DIESEL FUEL FORMULATION

A diesel fuel formulation containing a triethoxypropane and a palm oil methyl ester (POME), and a diesel fuel supplement containing a premix of a triethoxypropane and a POME is disclosed. The triethoxypropane may be 1,2,3-triethoxypropane or 1,1,3-triethoxypropane.

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline

Diesel fuel formulation

The invention provides (a) a diesel fuel formulation containing a triethoxypropane and a palm oil methyl ester (POME), and (b) a diesel fuel supplement containing a premix of a triethoxypropane and a POME. The triethoxypropane may be 1, 2, 3-triethoxypropane or 1,1,3- triethoxypropane. Also provided is a process for preparing the formulation, and its use in an internal combustion engine. A triethoxypropane may be used, in a POME or in a diesel fuel formulation containing a POME, to stabilise a glyceride, in particular a saturated monoglyceride. It may also be used to reduce the cloud point of a POME or of a POME-containing diesel fuel formulation, by an amount greater than conventional theory would have predicted to be possible.

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE 5 High octane unleaded aviation gasoline having low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75'C, T40 of at least 750 C, a T50 of at most 1050 C, a T90 of at most 135'C, a final boiling point of less than 190'C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than -58 'C is provided.

Fuel composition of diesel fuel

The invention discloses a fuel composition based on a diesel fraction, having a sulphur content of less than 10 mg/kg and boiling in the range of 180-360°С, characterised in that said fuel composition contains organic peroxides as ignition promoters, which are selected from the group: di-tert-butyl peroxide, 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, dicumyl peroxide, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, isobutyl cumyl peroxide, N-butyl cumyl peroxide, isopropyl cumyl peroxide, ethyl cumyl peroxide and methyl cumyl peroxide, and contains an anti-wear additive based on carboxylic acids having the following ratio of components in wt%: 0.01-0.5 organic peroxide, 0.005-0.1 anti-wear additive, and up to 100 being the diesel fraction. The proposed diesel fuel composition allows the production of a diesel fuel which meets quality performance requirements.

DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION

A diesel fuel composition comprising a renewable diesel component and oxymethylene ethers having molecular structure CH3O-(CH2O)n-CH3 with n=3-5 (OME3-5). A method for producing said diesel fuel composition and use thereof. Use of OME3-5 to decrease particle emission of renewable diesel fuels is further disclosed.

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kraftstoffmischung für die Verbrennung in einer Brennkraftmaschine sowie Kraftstoffmischung

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Kraftstoffmischung für die Verbrennung in einer Brennkraftmaschine, wobei ein fossiler Kraftstoff, ein erster synthetischer Kraftstoff und ein zweiter synthetischer Kraftstoff bereitgestellt und ein Werteintervall für wenigstens einen physikalischen Parameter der Kraftstoffmischung definiert wird, woraufhin der fossile Kraftstoff, der erste synthetische Kraftstoff und der zweite synthetische Kraftstoff derart gemischt werden, dass der physikalische Parameter in dem Werteintervall liegt. Weiter betrifft die Erfindung eine Kraftstoffmischung, die insbesondere mit einem solchen Verfahren hergestellt worden ist.

Formulation of a new diesel fuel suitable for diesel engines

The fuel conceived for diesel engines is formulated using one part of standard diesel fuel and two groups of components with different characteristic rating. The first group is composed by reformulated chemicals (nitromethane, propanone, 2-hexyl nitrate, amyl nitrate, acetaldehyde, cyclohexane and diethyl carbonate), while the second group in made by a blend of vegetal oils properly balanced (camellia sasanqua oil, brassica carinata oil, jojoba oil and jatropha curcas). There are specific volume percentages of these ingredients. The fuel obtained with this formulation has a better thermodynamic performance and allows an appreciable reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PT) output which are, respectively, approximately 50% and 60% lower.

Biodiesel fuel mixture containing polyoxymethylene dialkyl ether

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION GASOLINE

High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having a CHN content of at least 97.2wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 210°, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa is provided.

High Octane Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

High octane unleaded aviation gasoline (AVGAS) having a MON at least 99.6, a low aromatics content and a T10 of at most 75°C, T40 of at least 75° C, a T50 of at most 105° C, a T90 of at most 135°C, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa and a freezing point of less than -58 °C is provided. The composition comprises toluene, aniline, at least one alkylate or alkylate blend, a diethyl carbonate and isopentane in certain proportions, and less than 1 vol % of C8 aromatics.

High Octane Unleaded Aviation Gasoline

Biofuel containing levoglucosone and its production process from cellulose or starch using as a solvent a mixture of an ionic liquid and an alkyl alcohol

The product Biofuel is presented as a motor fuel consisting of levoglucosone pure or mixed with ethanol and or hydrocarbons. Its production process from cellulose or starch uses in the first step, as a solvent and catalyst, a mixture of an alkyl alcohol, the ionic liquid N-alkyl imidazole hydrochloride and a small quantity of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid. In the second step, levoglucosone is extracted with butanol. As butanol also extracts some N-alkyl imidazole, this is washed out by extraction with hydrochloric acid. Levoglucosone was identified by elemental analysis, NMR C13 and H and GC-MS.

Ethanol/fuel blends for use as motor fuels

An ethanol/fuel blend composition. The ethanol/fuel blend composition includes an ethanol composition including at least 92 wt. % ethanol, and from 95 wppm to 1,000 wppm isopropanol and a fuel.

Universal Synthetic Penetrating Lubricant, Method and Product-by-Process

A penetrating lubricant with the capacity to offer a both penetration into rust and corrosion. Further, this lubricant actively penetrates the crystalline surface of the metal while exhibiting extreme pressure lubrication, non-migrating with lasting protection. Further lubricant exhibits dielectric strength of over 8000 volts, at the same time cleaning electrical contacts, thereby reducing resistance and associated heat. The preferred embodiment may contain alpha-olefins, low-odor aromatic solvents, base oils, and high flash mineral spirits.

High lubricity fuel reformulation to increase mileage and reduce emissions

A fuel additive imparting high lubricity to gasoline and diesel fuels while concurrently increasing miles and reducing emissions. The fuel additive is formed of a plurality of individual components having individual and a combined synergistic effect along with components increasing fuel lubricity which are mixed with a liquid fuel-soluble carrier and added to the fuel supply of internal combustion engines.

Fuel Additives Effectively Improving Fuel Economy

Enhanced fuel combustion within the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines which results in improved fuel economy is obtained by adding fuel additives to the gasoline or diesel. Consequently, the fuel additives reduce pollution of hydrocarbon in environment. The fuel additives are combination of aliphatic oxygenates, monocyclic aromatic compound, and petroleum ether. The aliphatic oxygenates may be methanol, acetone, or a mixture of methanol and acetone. The monocyclic aromatic compounds may be toluene, xylene, or a mixture of toluene and xylene. This invention further relates to the method that manufactures the fuel additives.

Nano-sized zinc oxide particles for fuel

A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

Technical field and industrial applicability of the invention

The present invention is a solution or colloid of fullerene, SWNTs, or graphene in cyclic terpenes, lactones, terpene-alcohol, fatty-acid alcohols, and lactones following ultrasonication and ultracentrifugation processing, for oil-energy, biological, electrical-thermal applications. The compositions are useful as fuel/oil/grease/gels (synthetic included), oil/fuel/additives/propellants, identification dyes, and heat-transfer fluids. Other functions are phase-change fluids for solar energy power plants, antifreeze, electronic dyes, electrolytic fluid/solvent, electrically-thermally conductive material for electrochemical, dielectric, filler/adhesive for semiconductor, eletro-optical, and liquid crystal substrates/coatings for touch sensitive transmissive or reflective displays. When combined with gelatin the formulations can function as dichroic-optical coatings for thin-films/waveguides/holograms. Such formulations may also be used as photovoltaic paint, electrorheological, thermophoretic-thermodiffusion, electrohydrodynamics, electric propulsion, laser enhancement, plasma jets, and magnetohydrodynamics. Energy use includes high-temperature superconductivity, or hydrogen storage using carbon, alumina, or silica supported Pd, Pt, or Zn catalysts. Biological applications include anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, drug delivery, skin permeable agents, and lubricant use.

AVIATION FUEL

A jet aviation fuel based on aliphatic ethers is disclosed wherein the fuel comprises a compound according to the invention, a mixture of compounds according to the invention, a mixture of the pure or mixed aliphatic ethers admixed with conventional jet aviation fuel, or a mixture of said ethers with conventional hydrocarbon fuel, thus giving a product conforming to a jet aviation fuel standard. 155-. (canceled)56. A jet aviation fuel comprising an aliphatic ether compound of formula (I):{'br': None, 'R1-O—R2'}wherein R1 and R2 individually are aliphatic carbon chains.57. The jet aviation fuel of claim 56 , the aliphatic ether compound of formula (I) having a total number of carbon atoms in the range of 6 to 16.58. The jet aviation fuel of claim 56 , R1 having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.59. The jet aviation fuel of claim 58 , R1 having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R2 having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.60. The jet aviation fuel of claim 56 , R2 having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.61. The jet aviation fuel of claim 60 , R2 having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and R1 having 4 to 10 carbon atoms.62. The jet aviation fuel of claims 56 , R1 and R2 individually being un-branched aliphatic carbon chains.63. The jet aviation fuel of claim 56 , the aliphatic ether compound of formula (I) being selected from the group consisting of propyl butyl ether claim 56 , diisopentyl ether claim 56 , propyl pentyl ether claim 56 , isopropyl pentyl ether claim 56 , butyl pentyl ether claim 56 , pentyl ether claim 56 , methyl hexyl ether claim 56 , ethyl hexyl ether claim 56 , propyl hexyl ether claim 56 , isopropyl hexyl ether claim 56 , butyl hexyl ether claim 56 , (1-methylpropyl) hexyl ether claim 56 , pentyl hexyl ether claim 56 , hexyl ether claim 56 , methyl heptyl ether claim 56 , ethyl heptyl ether claim 56 , propyl heptyl ether claim 56 , butyl heptyl ether claim 56 , pentyl heptyl ether claim 56 , isoamyl heptyl ether claim 56 , methyl octyl ether claim 56 , ethyl octyl ether claim 56 , propyl octyl ether claim 56 ...

CLEAN, HIGH EFFICIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GASOLINE PRODUCT

A clean, high efficient and environmentally friendly gasoline product with main fractions of C6-C11 has a low octane rating and a low spontaneous ignition temperature. It can be compressively ignited within an internal combustion engine with a compression ratio of 16-19. Small amount of ethanol or dimethyl ether can be added into the gasoline product. 1. A clean , high efficient and environmentally friendly gasoline product , which is a kind of gasoline having a low octane rating , has a low spontaneous ignition temperature corresponding to that of diesel oil , can be compressively ignited within an internal combustion engine and sufficiently combusted within cylinder of the engine , wherein the compression ratio of the internal combustion engine using said gasoline having a low octane rating is generally 16-19 , and can be extended to 14-22;the main fractions of said gasoline having a low octane rating is C6-C11 alkane, wherein the higher the content of straight-chain alkanes, the lower the octane rating of gasoline is;the fractions of said gasoline can be extended to C5-C18 based on C6-C11, so as to form C5-C11 or C6-C18 or C5-C18, wherein the contents of components with various carbon chain lengths (including straight-chain alkanes and its isomer, and a small amount of olefins) are different from each other, the particular contents therefor can be optionally combined according to the requirements of market and users, but said gasoline should meet the prerequisite of being compressively ignited.2. The gasoline product according to claim 1 , wherein it is used in special-designed and special-produced internal combustion engine claim 1 , which has a compression ratio of 16-19 (similar to diesel engine);said internal combustion engine is provided with a lubrication system, a fuel oil storage and a delivery system (similar to gasoline engine) which are necessary for light fuel oil, and also has a pressurized injecting system (pressurized fuel injection pump and ...

Fuel and combustible mixture used as a substitute for fossil fuels in thermoelectric power plants, industrial and central heating furnaces

Present Invention discloses new combustible mixture and fuel, which during burning releases energy 15 times greater than that of lignite and 4-5 times than that of coke. The combustible mixture consists of the liquid and solid phases, where the solid phase comprises: aluminium powder; at least one M 1 X 2 , where M 1 can be any metal in oxidation state +2, and X can be any halogen; M 2 CO 3 , where M 2 can be any two-valent metal; zinc ammonia chloride, SiO 2 in the form of quartz sand; and quick lime; whereas the liquid matter comprises: at least one C 1 to C 6 carboxylic acid, or at least one anhydride of the mentioned carboxylic acids, or at least one its ester or amide; methylcellulose; and formaldehyde, or its commercially accessible solution—formalin; and water. Fuel is made when the combustible mixture is hermetically closed in a container. The Invention also presents both the energy production method and the use of the invented fuel

ADDITIVE FUEL COMPOSITION, AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF

An additive composition for a fuel comprises: 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (i) is an iron complex selected from the group consisting of bis-cyclopentadienyl iron; substituted bis-cyclopentadienyl iron; overbased iron soaps; and mixtures thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein component (i) is ferrocene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein component (ii) is a bicyclic monoterpene or substituted bicyclic monoterpene selected from the group consisting of camphor claim 1 , camphene claim 1 , isobornyl acetate claim 1 , dipropyleneglycol-isobornyl ether claim 1 , adamantane claim 1 , propylene carbonate; and mixtures thereof.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein component (ii) is camphor.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer (iii) is selected from the group consisting of an asphaltene dispersant claim 1 , a cold flow improver claim 1 , a wax antisettling additive and mixtures thereof.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein (iii) is a phenolic resin selected from the group consisting of:copolymers containing di(C1-4 alkyl)amino (C1-4 alkyl)acrylate or methacrylate units;copolymers of alkenes and unsaturated esters, alkylmethacrylate polymers, polyoxyalkylene esters, ethers, ester/ethers;maleic anhydride olefin copolymer additives prepared by the reaction of maleic anhydride with an α-olefin; andimides produced by the reaction an alkyl amine, maleic anhydride and α-olefin.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein components (i) claim 1 , (ii) and (iii) are present in the following relative amounts by weight:3-1000 parts (i) to 3 to 600 parts (ii) and to 1 to 10000 parts (iii).10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is selected from bio-fuel claim 1 , diesel claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , marine fuel claim 1 , bunker fuel claim 1 , heating oil claim 1 , middle distillate oil and heavy fuel oil; and including GTL (gas-to-liquid) claim 1 , CTL (coal-to-liquid) claim 1 , BTL (biomass-to-liquid) claim 1 , and OTL (oil sands-to-liquid); and including blends ...

Synthesis of Liquid Fuels and Chemicals From Oxygenated Hydrocarbons

Processes and reactor systems are provided for the conversion of oxygenated hydrocarbons to hydrocarbons, ketones and alcohols useful as liquid fuels, such as gasoline, jet fuel or diesel fuel, and industrial chemicals. The process involves the conversion of mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons to aromatics and gasonline range hydrocarbons where the oxygenated hydrocarbons are derived from biomass. 1. A gasoline composition , wherein the gasoline composition is derived by a method comprising:{'sub': 1+', '1+, 'providing water and a biomass-derived water soluble oxygenated hydrocarbon comprising a CO hydrocarbon in an aqueous liquid phase and/or a vapor phase, catalytically reacting in the liquid and/or vapor phase the oxygenated hydrocarbon with hydrogen in the presence of a deoxygenation catalyst comprising a support and a member selected from the group consisting of Re, Cu, Fe, Ru, Pt, Pd, Ni, W, Mo, Ag, Sn, an alloy thereof, and a combination thereof, at a deoxygenation temperature in the range of about 100° C. to 400° C., and a deoxygenation pressure of between 72 psig and 1300 psig, to provide a reaction stream comprising water and two or more oxygenates having two or more carbon atoms and one or two oxygen atoms, and'}{'sub': 4+', '4+', '4+', '4+', '4+', '4+', '5+', '5+, 'catalytically reacting the oxygenates in the vapor phase in the presence of an acid catalyst comprising a member selected from the group consisting of an aluminosilicate, zirconia, tungstated aluminosilicate, tungstated zirconia, tungstated alumina, tungstated titania, a heteropolyacid, an acid modified resin, and a combination thereof, at a condensation temperature and condensation pressure to produce the C compound, wherein the C compound comprises a member selected from the group consisting of C alcohol, C ketone, C alkane, C alkene, C cycloalkane, C cycloalkene, aryl, fused aryl, and a mixture thereof, and'}distilling the product stream to provide a gasoline composition having a boiling point of ...

GASOLINE COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME

Gasoline fuel and method of making and using it. The fuel comprises from 5 to 20 vol.-% paraffinic hydrocarbons originating from biological oils, fats, or derivatives or combinations thereof. Further, it comprises oxygenates, such as ethanol present in a concentration of about 5 to 15 vol.-%; or iso-butanol present in a concentration of 5 to 20 vol.-%, preferably about 10 to 17 vol.-%; or ETBE present in a concentration of 7 to 25 vol.-%, preferably about 15 to 22 vol.-%. The bioenergy content of the gasoline is at least 14 Energy equivalent percentage (E-%) calculated based on the heating values given in the European Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. By means of the invention, fuels with a high bioenergy content are provided which can be used in conventional gasoline-fuelled automotive engines. 1. Gasoline fuel comprising paraffinic hydrocarbons originating from biological oils , fats , or derivatives or combinations thereof , and oxygenates.2. The fuel according to claim 1 , comprising hydrocarbons originating from hydrogenation of biological oils claim 1 , fats claim 1 , or derivatives or combinations thereof.3. The fuel according to claim 1 , comprising paraffinic and isomerized hydrocarbons originating from hydrogenation of biological oils claim 1 , fats claim 1 , or derivatives or combinations thereof.4. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the hydrocarbons originating from biological oils claim 1 , fats claim 1 , or derivatives or combinations thereof ranges from 5 to 20 vol-%.5. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygenates are selected from the group of alcohols and ethers.6. The fuel according to claim 5 , wherein the oxygenate is selected fromethanol present in a concentration of 5 to 15 vol-%; oriso-butanol present in a concentration of 5 to 20 vol-%; orETBE present in a concentration of 7 to 25 vol-%; ora combination thereof.7. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the bioenergy content is at least 14 Energy ...

PROCESS TO PRODUCE CLEAN GASOLINE/BIO-ETHERS USING ETHANOL

A fuel or fuel blendstock comprising ethanol, ethyl ethers, olefins, and alkanes. In some embodiments, the fuel or fuel blendstock of claim wherein the fuel or fuel blendstock may have an octane number greater than 92 (RON+MON)/2). In other embodiments, the fuel or fuel blendstock may have a Reid vapor pressure less than 7.2 psi. Also disclosed is a process for the production of a fuel, the process including: contacting ethanol and at least one gasoline fraction including alkanes and olefins in the presence of a catalyst to form a fuel mixture including ethyl ethers, alkanes, unreacted olefins, and unreacted ethanol; and recovering the fuel mixture for use as a gasoline or gasoline blendstock without separation of the ethanol from the fuel mixture. 1. A process for increasing the volume of a fuel mixture by chemically and physically blending an ethanol fraction and at least one gasoline fraction , the process comprising:contacting said ethanol fraction and at least one gasoline fraction, wherein said at least one gasoline fraction comprises a mixture of alkanes and olefins, in the presence of an etherification catalyst to form said fuel mixture, wherein said fuel mixture comprises ethyl ethers, alkanes, unreacted olefins, and unreacted ethanol;recovering said fuel mixture; andusing said fuel mixture as a gasoline or gasoline blendstock without separation of the ethanol from said fuel mixture,wherein the process chemically and physically blends said ethanol fraction into said gasoline fraction and thereby provides an increase in the volume of barrels per day by at least 10% compared to a fuel mixture produced by a splash blend only process.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the contacting further comprises:feeding said ethanol fraction and said gasoline fraction to a distillation column reactor system containing at least one etherification reaction zone; andwithdrawing said fuel mixture from the distillation column reactor system as a bottoms fraction.3. The process ...

ANTIOXIDANT ADDITIVE COMPOSITION, A SOLUTION THEREOF, AND A METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE STORAGE STABILITY OF BIODIESEL FUEL (VARIANTS)

This invention relates to the petrochemical industry, in particular, to a method for improving the storage stability of biodiesel fuel via using an antioxidant additive. 1. An alkylphenol-based antioxidant additive composition for stabilizing biodiesel fuel which consists of the following in mass %:2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanone—0.2-0.3;2,6-di-tert-butylphenol—0.7-6.0;2-sec-butyl-6-tert-butyl-p-cresol—1.5-5.0;4,6-di-tert-butyl-o-cresol—3.0-8.0;2,4-di-tort-butylphenol—0.3-0.5;2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-dimethylaminomethylphenol—2.0-5.0;4,4-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol)—0.1-0.3; and2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol—to the balance.3. A method for improving the storage stability of biodiesel fuel , the method comprises providing a solution of alkylphenol-based antioxidant additive composition containing from 6 to 48 mass % of said composition dissolved in a biodiesel fuel and adding the solution to biodiesel fuel to reach a concentration of the composition from 0.002 to 1.6 mass % based on the entire biodiesel fuel solution , wherein an alkylphenol-based antioxidant additive consists of the following in mass %:2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylcyclohexanone—0.2-0.3;2,6-di-tert-butylphenol—0.7-6.0;2-sec-butyl-6-tert-butyl-p-cresol—1.5-5.0;4,6-di-tert-butyl-o-cresol—3.0-8.0;2,4-di-tert-butylphenol—0.3-0.5;2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-dimethylaminomethylphenol—2.0-5.0;4,4-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol)—0.1-0.3; and2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol—to the balance. This invention relates to the petrochemical industry, in particular, to a method for improving the storage stability of biodiesel fuel via using an antioxidant additive.Saving oil-derived energy sources, tightening emission standards for the exhaust gases of diesel engines, and limiting carbon dioxide emissions, cause the majority of countries to look for ways to reduce the impacts of thermal engines on the environment. Alternative biofuels based on vegetable oils and animal fats have recently become all the more ...

PRODUCTION OF FUEL ADDITIVES VIA SIMULTANEOUS DEHYDRATION AND SKELETAL ISOMERISATION OF ISOBUTANOL ON ACID CATALYSTS FOLLOWED BY ETHERIFICATION

The present invention relates to a process for the production of fuel additives in which in a first step isobutanol is subjected to a simultaneous dehydration and skeletal isomerisation to make substantially corresponding olefins, having the same number of carbons and consisting essentially of a mixture of n-butenes and iso-butene and in a second step the butene mixture is subjected to etherification, said process comprising: 1. Process for the production of fuel additives in which in a first step isobutanol is subjected to a simultaneous dehydration and skeletal isomerisation to make substantially corresponding olefins , having the same number of carbons and consisting essentially of a mixture of n-butenes and iso-butene and in a second step the butene mixture is subjected to etherification , said process comprising:a) introducing in at least one reactor a stream (A) comprising at least 40 wt % isobutanol, optionally an inert component,b) contacting said stream with at least one catalyst in said reactor(s) at conditions effective to simultaneously dehydrate and skeletal isomerise at least a portion of the isobutanol to make a mixture of n-butenes and iso-butene,c) removing the inert component if any, recovering from said reactor(s) a stream (B) comprising a mixture of n-butenes and iso-butene,d) sending the stream (B) to at least one etherification reactor and contacting stream (B) with at least one catalyst in said etherification reactor(s), in the presence of ethanol and/or methanol, at conditions effective to produce ETBE and/or MTBE respectively,e) recovering from said etherification reactor a stream (E) comprising essentially ETBE and/or MTBE, unreacted butenes, heavies, optionally unreacted ethanol and/or methanol respectively,f) fractionating stream (E) to recover ETBE and/or MTBE.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream (A) comprises at least 70 wt % of isobutanol.3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream (A) comprises one or more C4 ...

CONDENSATION OF DIOLS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

The present disclosure relates to methods for converting biomass-derived streams of hydrocarbon diols into products suitable for use as a biomass-derived fuel additive. These methods involve the condensation of diols comprising five or six carbon atoms to form condensation products containing at least ten carbon atoms. The remaining hydroxyl functional groups of the condensation products are optionally modified to decrease overall polarity of the products, and improve miscibility with liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. 110-. (canceled)11. A process comprising the steps of:(a) providing a biomass-derived feedstream comprising hydrocarbon diols that contain five or six carbon atoms;(b) contacting the feedstream of step (a) with a first catalyst in a reactor, wherein the contacting results in an acidic condensation reaction that converts a least a portion of the feedstream to condensation products, wherein said condensation products comprise at least 10 carbon atoms and at least one ether functional group; 'wherein the liquid hydrocarbon mixture has increased miscibility in liquid hydrocarbon fuels as a result of step c).', '(c) reducing at least a portion of the remaining hydroxyl groups on the condensation products from step (b) by combining the condensation products with a second catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to produce water and a liquid hydrocarbon mixture suitable for use as an additive for a liquid hydrocarbon fuel,'}12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the feedstream of step (a) comprises one member selected from the group consisting of 1 claim 11 ,3-pentanediol claim 11 , 1 claim 11 ,4-pentandiol claim 11 , 1 claim 11 ,5-pentanediol claim 11 , 1 claim 11 ,3-hexanediol claim 11 , 1 claim 11 ,4-hexandiol claim 11 , 1 claim 11 ,5-hexanediol claim 11 ,1 claim 11 ,6-hexanediol and mixtures thereof.13. The process of claim 11 , further comprising combining the liquid hydrocarbon mixture of step (c) with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel to produce a improved liquid ...

Fuel additive composition to improve fuel lubricity

The present disclosure relates to fuel additive compositions comprising one or more hydrogen bonding compounds derived from a long chain fatty acid, and one or more esters of a second long chain fatty acid. Such fuel additives improve the lubricity of the fuel.

Fuel additive for heavy oil, and fuel oil comprising same

Provided in a fuel additive for heavy oil, made using a composition comprising: an oil-soluble metallic compound containing any one metal selected from calcium, barium, manganese, and iron; alcohol; hydrotreated light distillate; paraffin (kerosene); mineral oil; and a nonionic surfactant. The fuel additive for heavy oil, when added in a small amount to a heavy oil, can lower the kinematic viscosity and the flash point of the heavy oil, minimize the occurrence of a residual carbon fraction, dust, a sulfur fraction, or the like, increase the caloric value of the heavy oil, and improve the combustion efficiency during the combustion of the heavy oil.

Process for making isooctenes from aqueous isobutanol

The present invention relates to a catalytic process for making isooctenes using a reactant comprising isobutanol and water. The isooctenes so produced are useful for the production of fuel additives.

COMPOSITION TO IMPROVE OXIDATION STABILITY OF FUEL OILS

The present invention describes a composition comprising at least one antioxidant and at least one ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units being derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue. The composition is useful as cold flow improver and oxidation stabilizer in fossil fuel oil and or biodiesel fuel oil. 1. A composition , comprising:an antioxidant andan ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprising units derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in an alkyl residue.2. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the antioxidant is a phenolic compound having 2 or more hydroxyl groups.3. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprises from 2 to 36 weight % of vinyl acetate.4. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprises from 30 to 80 weight % of units derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue.5. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprises from 5 to 40 weight % of units derived from ethylene.6. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer comprises from 30 to 90 weight % of units derived from at least one alkyl (meth)acrylate having 7 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue.7. The composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer is a graft copolymer having an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as a graft base and an alkyl (meth)acrylate having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl residue as a graft layer.8. The composition according to claim 7 ,wherein a weight ratio of the graft base to the graft layer is of from 1:1 to 1:20.9. The composition according to claim 1 ,{'sub': n', 'w', 'n, 'wherein the composition comprises a polyalkyl(meth)acrylate polymer having a number average molecular weight Mof from 1000 to 10000 g ...

Fuel Fix +

A chemical substance for the purpose of removing carbon builds up from burning Chambers of gasoline engines, diesel engines, coal, oil, and gas burning furnaces. A chemical substance for the purpose of helping to protect the environment by Causing engines and furnaces to operate more efficiently. A chemical substance which would improve MPG by reducing carbon build up in internal combustion engines. A chemical substance when mixed with the main fuel in the fuel tank, would cause the fuel to burn more efficiently thus cleaning the system from engine to exhaust.

FUEL COMPOSITION

A fuel composition comprising: a diesel base fuel; from 1 to 10% v/v of a fatty acid alkyl ester; and more than 10% v/v of an ether component, the ether component comprising one or more ether compounds having in the range of from 8 to 12 carbon atoms and selected from compounds of formula I 2. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component comprises symmetrical ether compounds.3. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component comprises dipentyl ether.4. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component has a density of at least 0.770 g/cm.5. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component has a flash point of at least 50° C.6. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component has a vapour pressure at 25° C. of at most 5 Torr.7. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component has a boiling point of at least 100° C.8. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component is a biofuel component.9. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component is present in an amount of from 15% to 90% v/v.10. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component is present in an amount of from 15% to 50% v/v.12. The fuel composition of wherein the ether component has a density of at least 0.770 g/cm claim 1 , a flash point of at least 50° C. claim 1 , a vapour pressure at 25° C. of at most 5 Torr claim 1 , and a boiling point of at least 100° C.13. The fuel composition of wherein the fuel composition has a measured cetane number of 40 or greater.15. The method of wherein the diesel fuel composition contains a fatty acid ester or a fatty alcohol ester. This present application claims the benefit of European Application No. 12183067.3, filed Sep. 5, 2012.This invention relates to diesel fuel compositions comprising certain ethers, their preparation and their use, as well as to the use of certain ethers in fuel compositions for new purposes.Many diesel fuel compositions contain cetane boost components, also known as ignition improvers. The cetane number of a fuel ...

Ortho-phenylphenol compounds

A compound having formula (I), wherein G 1 represents a C 4 -C 22 alkyl or alkenyl group, a C 8 -C 20 aralkyl group or formula (II) wherein G 3 is a difunctional C 2 -C 18 alkyl or alkenyl group, a difunctional C 6 -C 20 aryl group or G 3 is absent; provided that G 1 is not 2-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, n-hexadecyl or 2-phenylethyl.

LUBRICANT AND FUEL DISPERSANTS AND METHODS OF PREPARATION THEREOF

This disclosure relates to a composition for use as an additive for fuels and lubricants including a reductive amination product of a vinyl terminated macromonomer (VTM) based aldehyde. Optionally aldehyde is reacted with the amino compound under condensation conditions sufficient to give an imine intermediate, and the imine intermediate is reacted under hydrogenation conditions sufficient to give the composition. The aldehyde is formed by reacting a VTM under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to form the aldehyde. A reductive amination method for making a composition for use as an additive for fuels and lubricants. The method includes reacting a VTM based aldehyde with an amino compound containing at least one —NH— group under condensation conditions sufficient to give an imine intermediate, and reacting the imine intermediate under hydrogenation conditions sufficient to give said composition. The aldehyde is formed by reacting a VTM under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to form the aldehyde. 1. A composition for use as an additive for fuels and lubricants comprising (i) a vinyl terminated macromonomer (VTM) based aldehyde or alcohol formed via hydroformylation or hydroformylation/hydrogenation followed by reductive amination , (ii) a VTM based aldehyde or alcohol formed via hydroformylation or hydroformylation/hydrogenation followed by reaction with an amine compound to obtain a Schiff's base or enamine and followed by hydrogenation of the Schiff's base or enamine , or (iii) an alkylamino substituted VTM formed via a single step aminomethylation of a VTM with syngas and an amine compound.2. The composition of wherein the aldehyde is formed by reacting a VTM under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to give said aldehyde claim 1 , and the alcohol is formed by reacting a VTM under hydroformylation conditions sufficient to give an aldehyde and reacting the aldehyde under hydrogenation conditions sufficient to give said alcohol.3. The composition of ...

Process and catalysts for the production of diesel and gasoline additives from glycerol

A method of producing one or more glycerol ethers, the method comprising contacting glycerol and tertiary butanol (TBA) in the presence of an acidic catalyst to produce one or more glycerol ethers selected from mono-tert butyl glycerol ethers, di-tert butyl glycerol ethers, tri-tert butyl glycerol ethers, or a combination thereof; separating water and a stream comprising isobutylene, unreacted TBA, or a combination thereof from the one or more glycerol ethers; and recycling at least a portion of the stream comprising isobutylene, unreacted TBA, or a combination thereof to the contacting. Also disclosed is a process of co-producing isooctene, wherein the process involves contacting glycerol and tertiary butanol in the presence of a dehydrating catalyst and dimerizing/oligomerizing the dehydrated products in the presence of an oligomerizing catalyst to form isooctene, a precursor of isooctane and isomers thereof.

Formulation of a new diesel fuel suitable for diesel engines

The new fuel conceived for diesel engines is formulated using one part of standard diesel fuel and two groups of components with different characteristic rating. The first group is composed by reformulated chemicals, while the second group in made by a blend of vegetal oils properly balanced. The fuel obtained with this formulation has a better thermodynamic performance and allows an appreciable reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and particulate matter (PT) output which are, respectively, approximately 50% and 60% lower

XANTHENES AS FUEL MARKERS

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand R-substituted xanthene, wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rindependently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; wherein each compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm. 2. The method of in which R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyl claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyloxy claim 1 , C-Caryl or C-Caryloxy.3. The method of in which R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rcollectively have at least one carbon atom.4. The method of in which R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 3 , C-Calkyl claim 3 , C-Calkenyl claim 3 , C-Calkoxy claim 3 , C-Calkenyloxy claim 3 , C-Caryl or C-Caryloxy.5. The method of in which the compound of formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm.6. The method of in which R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or C-Calkyl.7. The method of in which at least one of R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Ris alkyl claim 6 , and R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Rare hydrogen.9. The compound of in which R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , Rand R claim 8 , independently are hydrogen claim 8 , C-Calkyl or C-Calkenyl; Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Calkenyl; and in which at least one of R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , Rand Rcontains at least eight carbon atoms.10. The compound of in which R ...

DIARYL ETHERS AS FUEL MARKERS

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand R-substituted diaryl ether, wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rindependently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy; wherein each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm. 2. The method of in which R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyl or C-Chydrocarbyloxy.3. The method of in which R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 2 , C-Calkyl claim 2 , C-Calkenyl claim 2 , C-Calkoxy or C-Calkenyloxy.4. The method of in which R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rcollectively have at least two carbon atoms.5. The method of in which R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or C-Calkyl.6. The method of in which R claim 5 , R claim 5 , Rand Rare hydrogen.7. The method of in which R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or C-Calkyl.8. The method of in which each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm.10. The compound of in which R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen or methyl. This invention relates to a new method for marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils, as well as new compounds useful for this purpose.Marking of petroleum hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils with various kinds of chemical markers is well known in the art. A variety of compounds have been used for this purpose, as well as numerous ...

Butanol Purification

Provided are methods for removing one or more components from a butanol based composition. The methods comprise providing a butanol based composition comprising one or more components, targeting at least one component or a combination thereof for reduction, and processing said butanol based composition such that the at least one targeted component is substantially removed. The butanol based composition can, for example, be bio-produced. 125-. (canceled).26. A method for removing one or more components from a butanol based composition , the method comprising:a) providing a butanol based composition comprising one or more of the following components or combinations thereof: an acid, water, an alcohol, an aldehyde, a salt, a ketone, and an ester;b) targeting at least one component or a combination thereof for reduction; andc) processing said butanol based composition such that the at least one targeted component is substantially removed,wherein the targeted component is an acid and said processing step comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base, a resin, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is water and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a desiccant, a molecular sieve, a base, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is an alcohol and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base,wherein the targeted component is an aldehyde and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base, a resin, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is a salt and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base, an anion exchange resin, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is a ketone and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base, a resin, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is an ester and said processing comprises ...

FUEL OIL

PURPOSE: The present invention provides a fuel oil which emits a reduced amount of exhaust gas such as NOX and THC and is used in an internal-combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber which is adapted so that a fuel oil and gas comprising 65% by volume or more of oxygen are subjected to combustion in the combustion chamber. 1. A fuel oil for an internal-combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber which is adapted so that the fuel oil and gas comprising 65% by volume or more of oxygen are subjected to combustion in the combustion chamber , wherein the fuel oil meets at least one of the following requirements (1) to (7):(1) the fuel oil comprises 60% by volume or more of a hydrocarbon oil, wherein an amount of saturated hydrocarbons is 30% by volume or more relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil, an amount of olefinic hydrocarbons is 35% by volume or less relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil and an amount of aromatic hydrocarbons is 50% by volume or less relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil;(2) the fuel oil comprises 60% by volume or more of a hydrocarbon oil, wherein an amount of saturated hydrocarbons is 30% by volume or more relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil, an amount of olefinic hydrocarbons is 40% by volume or less relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil and an amount of aromatic hydrocarbons is 50% by volume or less relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil; and the fuel oil has an initial boiling point of 21 to 80 degrees C., a 10% by volume distillation temperature of 35 to 90 degrees C., a 90% by volume distillation temperature of 100 to 190 degrees C. and a final boiling point of 130 to 230 degrees C.;(3) the fuel oil comprises 60% by volume or more of a hydrocarbon oil, wherein an amount of saturated hydrocarbons is 15% by volume or more relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil, an amount of olefinic hydrocarbons is 35% by volume or less relative to ...

Fuels And Fuel Additives Production From Glycerol Conversion Using A Monohydric Alcohol And Heterogeneous Catalysis

The present disclosure relates to a method of converting glycerol into organic reaction products. The method may include mixing glycerol with a monohydric alcohol. The mixture of glycerol and monohydric alcohol is then reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein the monohydric alcohol is present at subcritical/supercritical temperatures and pressures. This converts the glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein the reaction products include an oxygenated organic reaction product. Ninety percent or greater of the glycerol is converted. 1. A method of converting glycerol , comprising:mixing glycerol containing hydroxyl groups with methanol;reacting said glycerol and methanol in the presence of a heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst, wherein said methanol is present at a temperature of 200° C. or greater and a pressure of 1,140 psia or greater;converting said glycerol into one or more reaction products, wherein one or more of said hydroxyl groups of said glycerol is converted into alkyl, alkyl ether, carbonyl, cyclic ether or alkene functionality; andwherein 90% or greater of said glycerol is converted to said reaction products containing said converted hydroxyl functionality.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said methanol is present at a temperature in the range of 200° C. to 400° C. and a pressure in the range of 2 claim 1 ,000 psia to 3 claim 1 ,500 psia.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said methanol is present as a supercritical fluid.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heterogeneous nano-structured catalyst comprises a zeolite mineral.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said heterogenous nano-structured catalyst includes a zeolite and an oxide claim 4 , wherein said zeolite is selected from the group consisting of zeolite X and zeolite Y claim 4 , and said oxide is selected from one or more of the following: alumina claim 4 , silica and aluminosilicate.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heterogeneous nano- ...

DEVICE OF PRODUCING LOW-SULFUR HIGH-OCTANE-NUMBER GASOLINE WITH LOW COST AND METHOD THEREOF

The invention relates to a device of producing low-sulfur high-octane-number gasoline with low cost and method thereof, the device is composed of an extractor, a first cutting column, an etherification device, a hydrogenation desulfurizer, a reforming pretreatment device, a second cutting column, an isomerization device, a reformer and a stabilizing device. Sulfur in raw material is enriched in extracted oil by introducing extractor in the invention, thereby reducing the scale of hydrogenation desulfurization device. The scale of reformer is increased by delivering heavy raffinate obtained from the first cutting column in the reformer. Benzene extractor and corresponding fractionation device are saved by adjusting the cutting temperature in the second cutting column, thereby greatly lowering investment and energy consumption, and increasing the gasoline yield. The investment of reformer is reduced, while the liquid yield is increased by introducing the reforming patent technology. The sulfur content in gasoline products is lowered to 10 ppm by selecting the device and method. The device and method have obvious advantages in investment, hydrogenation scale, product cleanliness, quality, etc. 1. A device for the low-cost production of a low-sulphur , high-octane gasoline , characterized in that it comprises an extraction device , a first cutting column , an etherification device , a hydrofinishing desulfurization device , a reforming pretreatment device , a second cutting column , an isomerization device , a reforming device and a stabilizing device; the top of the extraction device is connected with the middle portion of the first cutting column through pipelines; the top of the first cutting column is connected with the etherification device through pipelines; the etherification device is connected with a methanol supplying device; a gasoline product is withdrawn from the etherification device through pipelines; the bottom of the extraction device is connected with ...

A multicomponent diesel composition

The invention discloses novel diesel fuel compositions including a renewable paraffinic diesel component, a fossil diesel component and an oxygenate component, as well as methods for manufacture and use of a combination of a renewable paraffinic diesel component, and an oxygenate component for reducing NOx emissions.

Composition and method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in spark-ignited internal combustion engines

R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, aromatic ring, and a C1-C20 alkyl group and R5 is hydrogen or an alcohol having the structure —(CH)R6—OH. R6 is hydrogen, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C1-C10 alkenyl group, or a salt thereof.

ONE-POT PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL AND GLYCEROL ETHER MIXTURES USEFUL AS BIOFUELS

A process for the conversion of a feedstock containing one or more fatty acid triglycerides to a mixture containing one or more fatty acid alkyl esters and t-alkyl glycerols, including reacting the feedstock with a compound of formula (I): 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , Rand Rin formula (II) are selected from the group consisting of methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , propyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , butyl claim 1 , t-butyl claim 1 , ethenyl claim 1 , propenyl claim 1 , isopropenyl claim 1 , butenyl claim 1 , isobutenyl claim 1 , hexenyl claim 1 , ethynyl claim 1 , propynyl and butynyl.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein R claim 2 , Rand Rin formula (II) are methyl.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein Rin formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , propyl claim 1 , isopropyl and butyl.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein Rin formula (I) is methyl.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the compound of formula (I) is tert-butyl methyl ether.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is selected from the group consisting of:vegetable oils such as coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, almond oil, beech nut oil, cashew oil, hazelnut oil, macadamia oil, pine nut oil, pistachio oil, walnut oil, citrus oils, grapefruit seed oil, lemon oil, orange oil, castor oil, animal fats such as beef tallow, lard, poultry fat and fish oils;', 'waste oils and fats from various sources, such as oils and fats used in restaurants and the catering industry in, 'hemp oil, mustard oil, radish oil, rice bran oil, salicornia oil, soybean oil, Jatropha oil, jojoba oil, linseed oil, poppy oil, stillingia oil, fruit tree oil, artichoke oil, carrot seed oil, mango oil and sea-buckthorn oil;'}general, and present in the waste of the agrifood and seafood industries.8. ...

Hydrocarbon / lipid - carotenoid complexes

The invention relates to uses of hydrocarbon/lipid complexes with carotenoids for improvement properties of hydrocarbon-based products as well as related methods and uses.

METHOD OF PRODUCING A FUEL ADDITIVE

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a butadiene extraction unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a second process stream and a methyl tertiary butyl ether product; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a recycle stream; passing the recycle stream through a hydrogenation unit; and recycling the recycle stream to a steam cracker unit and/or to the feed stream 1. A method of producing a fuel additive , comprising:passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a butadiene extraction unit producing a first process stream;passing the first process stream through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a second process stream and a methyl tertiary butyl ether product;passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a recycle stream;passing the recycle stream through a recycle hydrogenation unit; andrecycling the hydrogenated recycle stream from the recycle hydrogenation unit to a steam cracker unit and/or to the feed stream.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a source of the feed stream comprises a product of an olefin cracking process and/or an olefin production process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream comprises at least one of propane claim 1 , propylene claim 1 , ethyl acetylene claim 1 , vinyl acetylene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-butadiene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2-butadiene claim 1 , isobutylene claim 1 , cis-2-butene claim 1 , trans-2-butene claim 1 , 1-butene claim 1 , isobutane claim 1 , or n-butane.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the butadiene extraction unit comprises extractive distillation claim 1 , solvent degassing claim 1 , solvent regeneration and/or solvent recovery.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein less than or equal to 50% by weight of any butadiene present in the feed stream is ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING CYCLIC ACETALS WHICH CAN BE USED AS FUEL COMPONENTS

The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclic acetals having general formula (I) wherein Y and Y′, equal to or different from each other, are selected from H and a group OR, R being a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, comprising at least the following phases: (i) providing a reaction mixture comprising at least one vicinal diol having formula (II) Z—CH2-CHOH—CH2OH wherein Z is selected from H and a group OR′, R′ being a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, said mixture being substantially free of aldehydes having general formula R—CHO, wherein Ris a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, possibly substituted by an alkoxide group OR111, wherein Ris an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (ii) thermally treating said reaction mixture at a temperature within the range of 100° C.-300° C. in the presence of at least one acid catalyst, obtaining said compound having formula (I). The acetals having formula (I) can be used as fuel components. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said temperature is within the range of 150° C.-200° C.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said thermal treatment is carried out maintaining said reaction mixture in liquid phase.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said R is a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of ethyl claim 1 , n-butyl claim 1 , i-butyl claim 1 , 3-methyl-1-butyl claim 1 , 2-methyl-1-butyl and mixtures thereof.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of: ion-exchange acid resin claim 1 , acid zeolite claim 1 , silica-alumina and mixtures thereof.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said vicinal diol is obtained starting from glycerine8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein said vicinal diol is 1 claim 7 ,2-propanediol. ...

Additive compositions for improving the lacquering resistance of higher grade fuels of the diesel or biodiesel type

Disclosed are additive compositions for superior quality diesel and biodiesel fuels for improving the lacquering resistance of fuels, in particular those intended for engines provided with Euro 4 to Euro 6 fuel injection systems. The additive compositions include at least one antioxidant of hindered phenol type and at least one metal passivator.

Gasoline composition, method and use

A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; R 1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; R 2 and R 3 are the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and R 4 is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 36 alkyl group.

DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION

A diesel fuel composition containing a renewable diesel component and oxymethylene ethers having molecular structure CH3O—(CH2O)n-CH3 with n=3-5 (OME3-5). A method for producing a diesel fuel composition and use thereof. Use of OME3-5 to decrease particle emission of renewable diesel fuels is further disclosed. 114-. (canceled)15. A diesel fuel composition comprising:a. a renewable paraffinic diesel component 20-95 vol-% of a total diesel fuel composition volume, the renewable paraffinic diesel component containing i-paraffins and n-paraffins in a weight ratio of i-paraffins to n-paraffins of at least 2.2, and paraffins in a range of carbon number C15-C18 at least 70 wt-% of a total weight of paraffins in the renewable paraffinic diesel component; andb. oxymethylene ethers having molecular structure CH3O—(CH2O)n-CH3, with n=3-5 (OME3-5), 5-80 vol-% of the total diesel fuel composition volume.16. The diesel fuel composition according to claim 15 , comprising:OME3-5 10-80 vol-% of the total diesel fuel composition volume.17. The diesel fuel composition according to claim 15 , comprising:OME3-5 10-20 vol-% of the total diesel fuel composition volume.18. The diesel fuel composition according to claim 15 , comprising:OME3-5 12-20 vol-% of the total diesel fuel composition volume.19. The diesel fuel composition according to claim 15 , comprising:renewable paraffinic diesel component 20-90 vol-% of the total diesel fuel composition volume.20. The diesel fuel composition according to claim 15 , comprising:renewable paraffinic diesel component 80-90 vol-% of the total diesel fuel composition volume.21. The diesel fuel composition according to claim 15 , comprising:renewable paraffinic diesel component 80-88 vol-% of the total diesel fuel composition volume.22. The diesel fuel composition according to claim 15 , wherein a combined amount of a. and b. in the diesel fuel composition is at least 95 vol-% of the total diesel fuel composition volume.23. The diesel fuel composition ...

ALKYL TRITYL PHENYL ETHERS

A compound having formula (I) 2. The compound of in which n is one or two; m is zero or one; j claim 1 , p and r are zero or one; and k claim 1 , q and s are zero.3. The compound of in which Ris C-Csaturated alkyl.4. The compound of in which Rand Rindependently represent hydrogen or C-Calkyl.5. The compound of in which Ris C-Calkyl.7. The method of in which n is one or two; m is zero or one; j claim 6 , p and r are zero or one; and k claim 6 , q and s are zero.8. The method of in which Ris C-Csaturated alkyl.9. The method of in which Rand Rindependently represent hydrogen or C-Calkyl.10. The method of in which Ris C-Calkyl. This invention relates to new compounds useful in a method for marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils.Marking of petroleum hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils with various kinds of chemical markers is well known in the art. A variety of compounds have been used for this purpose, as well as numerous techniques for detection of the markers, e.g., absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,858,373 discloses the use of a variety of organic compounds for use in marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils. However, there is always a need for additional marker compounds for these products. Combinations of markers can be used as digital marking systems, with the ratios of amounts forming a code for the marked product. Additional compounds useful as fuel and lubricant markers would be desirable to maximize the available codes. The problem addressed by this invention is to find additional markers useful for marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils.The present invention provides a compound having formula (I)wherein Rand Rindependently represent C-Calkyl; Ris C-Calkyl; Ris C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl; m is zero, one, two or three; n is one, two or three; and j, k, p, q, r and s independently are zero, one or two; provided that at least one of j, k, p, q, r and s is not zero.The present ...

FUEL ADDITIVE AND FUEL COMPOSITION

A fuel additive includes methyl tert-butyl ether in an amount between 35% and 55% by weight, saturated hydrocarbons in an amount between 25% and 35% by weight and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in an amount between 3% and 12% by weight. 1. A fuel additive comprising:methyl tert-butyl ether in an amount between 35% and 55% by weight;saturated hydrocarbons in an amount between 25% and 35% by weight; andan organometallic compound in an amount between 3% and 12% by weight.2. The fuel additive of claim 1 , further comprising:toluene in an amount between 6% and 12% by weight;heavy naphtha in an amount between 5% and 11% by weight;naphthalene in an amount between 0.5% and 2% by weight; andtrimethylbenzene in an amount between 0.1 and 1.5% by weight.3. The fuel additive of claim 2 , further comprising:no more than 0.25% benzene by weight; andno more than 0.025% ethylbenzene by weight.4. The fuel additive of claim 1 , wherein the organometallic compound comprises methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT).5. The fuel additive of claim 4 , wherein the saturated hydrocarbons are predominantly heptane.6. The fuel additive of claim 5 , wherein the fuel additive comprises:methyl tert-butyl ether in an amount between 45% and 50% by weight;heptane in an amount between 28% and 35% by weight; andMMT in an amount between 3% and 5% by weight.7. The fuel additive of claim 1 , wherein the saturated hydrocarbons are isoalkanes.8. The fuel additive of claim 7 , wherein the saturated hydrocarbons are selected from the group consisting of isopentane claim 7 , isoheptane claim 7 , isooctane and combinations thereof.9. A fuel composition comprising:a major amount of a mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range; and methyl tert-butyl ether in an amount between 35% and 55% by weight;', 'alkanes in an amount between 25% and 35% by weight; and', 'methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl in an amount between 3% and 12% by weight., 'a minor amount of a fuel ...

Fuel comprising ketone(s)

Provided are fuel components, a method for producing fuel components, use of the fuel components and fuel containing the fuel components based on ketone(s).

BIOREFINING COMPOUNDS AND ORGANOCATALYTIC UPGRADING METHODS

The invention provides new methods for the direct umpolung self-condensation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by organocatalysis, thereby upgrading the readily available substrate into 5,5′-di(hydroxymethyl) furoin (DHMF). While many efficient catalyst systems have been developed for conversion of plant biomass resources into HMF, the invention now provides methods to convert such nonfood biomass directly into DHMF by a simple process as described herein. The invention also provides highly effective new methods for upgrading other biomass furaldehydes and related compound to liquid fuels. The methods include the organocatalytic self-condensation (umpolung) of biomass furaldehydes into (C-C)furoin intermediates, followed by hydrogenation, etherification or esterification into oxygenated biodiesel, or hydrodeoxygenation by metal-acid tandem catalysis into premium hydrocarbon fuels. 2. The compound of wherein each Ris independently H claim 1 , OH claim 1 , halo claim 1 , alkoxy claim 1 , or acyloxy.3. The compound of wherein Ris OH claim 1 , halo claim 1 , alkoxy claim 1 , or acyloxy.4. The compound of wherein each Ris independently H claim 1 , OH claim 1 , halo claim 1 , alkoxy claim 1 , or acyloxy; and Ris OH claim 1 , halo claim 1 , alkoxy claim 1 , or acyloxy.9. The compound of wherein Ris H claim 8 , OH claim 8 , halo claim 8 , alkoxy claim 8 , or acyloxy.10. The compound of wherein Ris H claim 8 , OH claim 8 , halo claim 8 , alkoxy claim 8 , or acyloxy.11. The compound of wherein Ris H claim 8 , OH claim 8 , halo claim 8 , alkoxy claim 8 , or acyloxy; and Ris H claim 8 , OH claim 8 , halo claim 8 , alkoxy claim 8 , or acyloxy.14. A composition comprising a compound of and one or more (C-C)alkanes.15. The composition of wherein the (C-C)alkane is a (C-C)alkane.16. A composition comprising a compounds of and one or more (C-C)alkanes.17. The composition of wherein the (C-C)alkane is a (C-C)alkane.19. The method of wherein the compound of Formula I is 5 claim 18 ,5′- ...

PROCESS FOR CONVERTING OLEFINS TO ALCOHOLS, ETHERS, OR COMBINATIONS THEREOF

Embodiments of the present invention relate to processes for converting olefins to alcohols, ethers, or combinations thereof that are suitable for use as a gasoline additive. In one embodiment, the process comprises (a) receiving a feed stream, wherein the feed stream comprises one or more olefins having 2 to 5 carbon atoms in an amount of up to 80% by weight based on the weight of the feed stream; (b) hydroformylating the feed stream in the presence of a catalyst to convert at least 80% of the olefins from the feed stream to oxygenates; (c) separating a product stream from step (b) into an oxygenate stream and a stream comprising unreacted olefins, inerts, the catalyst, and the remaining oxygenates; and (d) treating the oxygenate stream to convert a plurality of the oxygenates into at least one of an alcohol, an ether, or combinations thereof having at least 3 carbon atoms, wherein at least 25 weight percent of the alcohols and ethers having at least 3 carbon atoms are branched based on the total weight of the alcohols and ethers having at least 3 carbon atoms, and wherein the alcohols, ethers, or combination thereof is suitable for use as a gasoline additive. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream comprises at least 50% propylene.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenate stream in step (c) comprises an aldehyde.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein treating the oxygenate stream comprises hydrogenation of the oxygenate into an alcohol.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenates comprise an isobutyraldehyde and wherein treating the oxygenate stream comprises hydrogenation of the isobutyraldehyde into isobutyl alcohol or diisobutyl ether.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein ethylene claim 1 , propylene claim 1 , and butene comprise at least 50% of the feed stream based on the total weight of the feed stream.7. The process of claim 1 , further comprising removing at least some of the alcohols and ethers after step (d).8. The process of claim 1 ...

FUEL COMPOSITION

A fuel composition and fluid regulation apparatus are provided for an improved fuel composition and distribution. The fuel composition may include or relate to a fluid regulation apparatus, flow component, electronic controller, regulator covers, roller clip mechanism, filling head, feeder stem and distributor. A method to operate an improved fuel composition and/or fluid regulation apparatus is also provided. 1. A combustible composition comprising:an alkane; anda primary organic compound comprising a carbonyl group;wherein the alkane is a majority of the composition.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkane comprises six carbon atoms.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkane is hexane.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the primary organic compound has a lower boiling point than the alkane.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the primary organic compound is a ketone.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the ketone is symmetrical.7. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the ketone is acetone.8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an additive organic compound.9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the additive organic compound comprises a hexadecenoic acid.10. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the additive organic compound comprises a dimethyl ether or an alcohol.11. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the additive organic compound comprises an alcohol comprising ethanol.12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a composition specific gravity approximately half of a water specific gravity.13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a composition viscosity approximately one tenth of a water viscosity.14. A combustible composition comprising:an alkane comprising six carbon atoms; anda ketone;wherein the ketone has a lower boiling point than the alkane;wherein the alkane is a majority of the composition.15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the alkane is hexane.16. The composition of ...

FUEL ADDITIVES WITH LOW NOx EMISSIONS

This disclosure relates to compositions and methods of making an additized fuel composition comprising a base fuel composition and a randomly branched nitrate composition. The randomly branched nitrate composition includes a plurality of primary nitrate molecules, each molecule therein having an empirical chemical formula of CnNO3, wherein Cn is a branched aliphatic moiety which may be the same or different for each molecule, n is an integer selected from the group consisting of 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, at least one carbon atom in the branched aliphatic moiety being bound to three or more carbon atoms, a branching index ranging from 1.8 to 2.2, and greater than 80% of the branches in the aliphatic moiety being in other than the alpha position. The additized fuel composition may be diesel fuel composition or a gasoline fuel composition. Such randomly branched nitrate composition may be more stable, and thus safer to handle than 2-ethylhexylnitrate and may have a lower overall nitrogen content, leading to lower NOx emissions upon combustion in diesel and gasoline fuel compositions. 1. An additized fuel composition comprising:a base fuel composition, and{'sub': n', '3', 'n, 'a randomly branched nitrate composition comprising a plurality of primary nitrate molecules, each molecule therein having an empirical chemical formula of CNO, wherein Cis a branched aliphatic moiety which may be the same or different for each molecule, n is an integer selected from the group consisting of 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12, at least one carbon atom in the branched aliphatic moiety being bound to three or more carbon atoms, a branching index ranging from 1.8 to 2.2, and greater than 80% of the branches in the aliphatic moiety being in other than the alpha position; and'}wherein the additized fuel composition is a diesel fuel composition or a gasoline fuel composition.2. The fuel composition as in claim 1 , wherein the additized fuel composition is a diesel fuel composition further comprising a ...

Fuel and fuel blend for internal combustion engine

A fuel or fuel blending agent for an internal combustion engine includes a ketone compound that is a C4 to C10 branched acyclic ketone, cyclopentanone, or a derivative of cyclopentanone. The ketone compound may be blended with a majority portion of a fuel selected from the group consisting of: gasoline, diesel, alcohol fuel, biofuel, renewable fuel, Fischer-Tropsch fuel, or combinations thereof. The ketone compound may be derived from biological sources. A method for powering an internal combustion engine with a fuel comprising the ketone compound is also provided.

Polymers

The present invention is a polymer having structural units, units of formula I, units of formula II and units of either formula IIIa or formula IIIb: The polymer improves the low-temperature properties of fuel oils from petroleum sources and especially from vegetable or animal sources.

CYCLIC ORTHO ESTER FUEL ADDITIVE

The invention relates to liquid hydrocarbons containing cyclic ortho esters as dehydrating dehydrating icing inhibitors and to methods of using the compounds. The liquid hydrocarbons include fuels such aviation fuels, lubricants, hydraulic fluids and hydrocarbon solvents. 2. A liquid hydrocarbon according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon fuel claim 1 , lubricant claim 1 , hydraulic fluid or hydrocarbon solvent.3. A liquid hydrocarbon according to claim 2 , wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is an aviation fuel claim 2 , gasoline claim 2 , diesel or heating oil.4. A liquid hydrocarbon according to any preceding claim claim 2 , wherein Rand Rare independently selected from CH— claim 2 , CHCH— claim 2 , CHO (CH)— claim 2 , where a is an integer of 1 to 5 claim 2 , and an alkylene glycol polyalkylene glycol containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms.5. A liquid hydrocarbon according to claim 4 , wherein Ror Rare CHCH—.6. A liquid hydrocarbon according to any preceding claim claim 4 , wherein Rand Rare independently selected from —CH claim 4 , —CHCH claim 4 , —CHCHCH claim 4 , —CHCH(CH)and —CHC(CH).7. A liquid hydrocarbon according to any preceding claim claim 4 , wherein Rand Rare independently selected and are methyl or ethyl.8. A liquid hydrocarbon according to any preceding claim claim 4 , wherein y is 2.9. A liquid hydrocarbon according to any preceding claim claim 4 , wherein Y is independently selected from —CH— and —CH(CH)—.11. A liquid hydrocarbon according to any preceding claim comprising 0.01 to 2% by volume of the dehydrating icing inhibitor.12. A liquid hydrocarbon according to any preceding claims claim 4 , wherein the compound is formed from a 1 claim 4 ,3-dioxolan-2-ylium salt.14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein 0.01 to 2% by volume of the dehydrating icing inhibitor(s) is added to the liquid hydrocarbon.15. A method according to or claim 13 , wherein the liquid hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon fuel claim 13 , lubricant claim 13 , or ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR VAPOR SUPPRESSION

The present invention is directed to vapor suppression of liquids through disposing a layer of surfactant onto the surfaces of liquids for surfactants having a density greater than the liquid and regardless of surface tension spreadability issues, and compositions comprising the surfactants in aerosolized form. 132-. (canceled)33. A method for disposing a surfactant onto an evaporating surface within an enclosure to reduce evaporation from the evaporating surface , the method comprising:providing an aerosolized liquid surfactant composition having nano-sized droplets;depositing the aerosolized liquid surfactant composition onto the evaporating surface to form a layer thereon; anddecreasing the evaporation rate from the evaporating surface.34. The method of claim 33 , wherein the nano-sized droplets range from one micelle to 1000 nm.35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the aerosolized liquid surfactant composition has a mean droplet size ranging from one micelle to 1000 nm.3654-. (canceled)55. The method of claim 35 , wherein the enclosure is a vessel.56. The method of claim 55 , wherein the evaporating surface is a surface of a hydrocarbon bulk liquid claim 55 , a surface of a vessel wall claim 55 , or a combination thereof.57. The method of claim 56 , wherein the surfactant composition has a bulk density greater than the density of the hydrocarbon bulk liquid.58. The method of claim 57 , further comprising flowing the liquid surfactant composition through an atomization nozzle to generate a stream of aerosolized liquid surfactant.59. The method of claim 58 , wherein the atomization nozzle is a bifluidic claim 58 , electrostatic claim 58 , or ultrasonic nozzle.60. The method of claim 59 , further comprising directing the stream of aerosolized liquid surfactant through an apparatus comprising a Venturi tube comprising a first inlet claim 59 , a first outlet claim 59 , and an elongated throat portion comprising at least two rings of jets therebetween claim 59 , ...

TETRARYLMETHANE ETHERS AS FUEL MARKERS

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel by adding to the petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel a compound having formula C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)}{OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}, wherein Ph represents a benzene ring, R, Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl; R, Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl, i, j, m, n, o and p independently are zero, one or two. Each compound having formula C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(0R)} is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm. 1. A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel;{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '1', '3', '5', '2', '4', '6', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6, 'sub': i', 'j', '2', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', '1', '18', '4', '18', '1', '18', '4', '18', 'i', 'j', '2', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p, 'said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}, wherein Ph represents a benzene ring, R, Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl; R, Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl, i, j, m, n, o and p independently are zero, one or two; provided that (a) at least one of i and j is not zero, or (b) at least one of m and n and at least one of o and p are not zero; wherein each compound having formula C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)} is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.'}2. The method of in which all R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rsubstituents collectively have a total of eight to thirty-five carbon atoms.3. The method of in which at least one of R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , Rand Rhas at least three carbon atoms.4. The method of in which R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rare independently are C-Calkyl.5. The method of in which each compound having formula C{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)}{Ph(R)(OR)} is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm.6. The method of in which R ...

FUEL COMPOSITIONS WITH GDI DEPOSIT FLUIDIZING AGENTS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

GDI deposit fluidizing additives, liquid fuel compositions including such additives and methods that improve a liquid fuel composition's GDI performance are provided. A liquid fuel composition may include a major amount of a base gasoline fuel; and 1 to 500 ppm of one or more polyether monohydroxy compounds, with the proviso that the liquid fuel composition is essentially free of fuel detergent additives. The liquid fuel composition provides at least 10% lower particulate emission as a function of time relative to a comparable liquid fuel composition not including the one or more polyether monohydroxy compounds. The GDI deposit fluidizing enhancing additive may include polyether monohydroxy compounds with the butane oxide and propene oxide in a variety of ratios and randomly distributed in the additive. 1. A liquid fuel composition for use in a gas direct injection (GDI) engine comprising:a major amount of a base gasoline fuel; and1 to 500 ppm of one or more polyether monohydroxy compounds, with the proviso that the liquid fuel composition is essentially free of fuel detergent additives, andwherein the fuel composition provides at least 10% lower particulate emission as a function of time as measured by a particle number measurement system described herein relative to a comparable liquid fuel composition not including the one or more polyether monohydroxy compounds.3. The liquid fuel composition of claim 2 , wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyether monohydroxy compounds is from 500 to 3000.4. The liquid fuel composition of wherein Ris a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 5 to 20 carbon atoms.5. The liquid fuel composition of further including about 5 wt. % to about 45 wt. % of one or more oxygen-containing compounds.6. The liquid fuel composition of claim 5 , wherein the one or more oxygen containing compounds are selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 5 , ethanol claim 5 , diethyl ether claim 5 , methyl t-butyl ether ...

Gtbe compositions, methods and installations for enhanced octane boosting

Techniques for boosting octane of gasoline can include using glycerol and isobutene in a reaction vessel under conditions to generate a blend of Glycerol Tert-Butyl Ethers (GTBE) comprising mono-GTBEs, di-GTBEs and tri-GTBE; regulating the conditions to favor production of mono-GTBEs according to equilibrium reactions, thereby producing a mono-shifted GTBE blend; and using the mono-shifted GTBE blend with gasoline as an octane booster. If a GTBE blend with further increased octane boosting capacity is desired, a purification/separation step can be included in the process to increase the mono-GTBE content of the mono-shifted GTBE blend. For blends with target density or viscosity, the production can be regulated to obtain a GTBE blend with an increase or decrease in density and/or viscosity. Compositions, processes, methods and installations are described for providing enhancements in the production and use of GTBE and its components.

Diesel Fuel Composition

A diesel fuel substitute composition includes an alcohol, an acetal, and an additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of Cdialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, R—NO, and combinations thereof. A method for forming the diesel fuel substitute is also provided. 2. The composition of wherein the additive is an ignition enhancer.3. The composition of wherein the additive is a peroxide inhibitor.4. The composition of wherein:the alcohol having formula (1) is present in an amount from 0.01 to 90 mole percent:the acetal is present in an amount from 10 to 90 mole percent; andthe additive is present in an amount 0.01 to 10 mole percent.5. The composition of wherein the acetal is formed by reacting a polyol with the component selected from the group consisting of Caldehydes claim 1 , Cketones claim 1 , and Cdialdehydes.6. The composition of further comprising methanol.7. The composition of wherein the oxygenate functionality is OH or O═ (carbonyl) or OR (ether).8. A method comprising:{'sub': 1-5', '1-5', '1-5', '1-5, 'a) providing a first mixture of oxygenates selected from the group consisting of Calcohols, Caldehydes, Cketones, Corganic acids, and combinations thereof.'}b) separating and dehydrating oxygenated compounds from the first mixture to form a second mixture:{'sub': 1-5', '1-5, 'c) partially separating Calcohols from the second mixture to form a third mixture, the third mixture including the Calcohols;'}{'sub': 1-5', '3-5', '2-5', '2-5, 'd) synthesizing Caldehydes and/or Cketones and/or Calcohols and/or Cpolyols from a portion of the third mixture;'}{'sub': 1-5', '3-5, 'e) forming a fourth mixture including acetals from the third mixture and the Caldehydes and/or Cketones;'}f) separating acetals from the fourth mixture; and{'sub': 3-8', '2, 'g) blending an additive with the acetals, the additive comprising a component selected from the group consisting of Cdialkyl ethers, alkylated phenols, R—NO, and combinations thereof where R is a aliphatic ...

Upgrading 5-nonanone

Provided are fuel components, a method for producing fuel components, use of the fuel components and fuel containing the fuel components based on 5-nonanone.

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR VAPOR SUPPRESSION

The present invention is directed to vapor suppression of liquids through disposing a layer of surfactant onto the surfaces of liquids for surfactants having a density greater than the liquid and regardless of surface tension spreadability issues, and compositions comprising the surfactants in aerosolized form. 1. A method for disposing a surfactant onto a bulk liquid to reduce evaporation of the bulk liquid , the method comprising:providing an aerosolized liquid surfactant composition having nano-sized droplets;depositing the aerosolized liquid surfactant composition onto the surface of the bulk liquid to form a self-assembled layer thereon thereby reducing evaporation of the bulk liquid, wherein the liquid surfactant composition has a bulk density greater than a bulk density of the bulk liquid; anddecreasing the evaporation rate of the bulk liquid.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nano-sized droplets range from one micelle to 1000 nm.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aerosolized liquid surfactant composition has a mean droplet size ranging from one micelle to 1000 nm.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the providing further comprises flowing the liquid surfactant composition through an atomization nozzle to generate a stream of aerosolized liquid surfactant.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the atomization nozzle is a bifluidic claim 4 , electrostatic claim 4 , or ultrasonic nozzle or a combination thereof.6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising directing the stream of aerosolized liquid surfactant through an apparatus comprising a Venturi tube having an inlet claim 4 , an outlet claim 4 , and two throat portions therebetween claim 4 , wherein the atomization nozzle is positioned proximal to and in fluid communication with the inlet of the Venturi tube.7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising heating or superheating the liquid surfactant composition prior to the flowing.8. The method of claim 5 , further comprising heating an atomizing gas of ...

LIQUID FUEL COMPOSITIONS

A liquid fuel composition containing 1. A liquid fuel composition comprising:(a) a gasoline base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and(b) one or more organic sunscreen compounds.2. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the one or more organic sunscreen compounds is selected from the group consisting of (i) alkyl β claim 1 ,β-diphenylacrylate and/or alpha-cyano-beta claim 1 ,beta-diphenylacrylate derivatives; (ii) salicylic derivatives; (iii) cinnamic derivatives; (iv) dibenzoylmethane derivatives; (v) camphor derivatives; (vi) benzophenone derivatives; (vii) p-aminobenzoic acid derivatives; and (viii) phenalkyl benzoate derivatives; and mixtures thereof.3. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (i) alkyl β claim 2 ,β-diphenylacrylate and/or alpha-cyano-beta claim 2 ,beta-diphenylacrylate derivatives are selected from the group consisting of ethyl 2-cyano-3 claim 2 ,3-diphenylacrylate claim 2 , 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3 claim 2 ,3-diphenylacrylate claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.4. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (ii) salicylic derivatives are selected from the group consisting of ethylhexyl salicylate claim 2 , triethanolamine salicylate claim 2 , 3 claim 2 ,3 claim 2 ,5-trimethylcyclohexylsalicylate claim 2 , homomethyl salicylate claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.5. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (iii) cinnamic derivatives are selected from the group consisting of octylmethoxy cinnamate claim 2 , diethanolamine methoxycinnamate claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.6. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (iv) dibenzoylmethane derivatives are selected from the group consisting of butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane claim 2 , ethylhexyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane claim 2 , isopropyl dibenzoylmethane claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.7. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (v) camphor derivatives are selected from 4-methylbenzylidene camphor.8. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (vi) benzonphenone derivatives are selected ...

LIQUID FUEL COMPOSITIONS

A liquid fuel composition containing 1. A liquid fuel composition comprising:(a) a diesel base fuel suitable for use in an internal combustion engine; and(b) one or more organic sunscreen compounds.2. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the one or more organic sunscreen compounds is selected from the group consisting of (i) alkyl β claim 1 ,β-diphenylacrylate and/or alpha-cyano-beta claim 1 ,beta-diphenylacrylate derivatives; (ii) salicylic derivatives; (iii) cinnamic derivatives; (iv) dibenzoylmethane derivatives; (v) camphor derivatives; (vi) benzophenone derivatives; (vii) p-aminobenzoic acid derivatives; and (viii) phenalkyl benzoate derivatives; and mixtures thereof.3. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (i) alkyl β claim 2 ,β-diphenylacrylate and/or alpha-cyano-beta claim 2 ,beta-diphenylacrylate derivatives are selected from the group consisting of ethyl 2-cyano-3 claim 2 ,3-diphenylacrylate claim 2 , 2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3 claim 2 ,3-diphenylacrylate claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.4. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (ii) salicylic derivatives are selected from the group consisting of ethylhexyl salicylate claim 2 , triethanolamine salicylate claim 2 , 3 claim 2 ,3 claim 2 ,5-trimethylcyclohexylsalicylate claim 2 , homomenthyl salicylate claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.5. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (iii) cinnamic derivatives are selected from the group consisting of octylmethoxy cinnamate claim 2 , diethanolamine methoxycinnamate claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.6. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (iv) dibenzoylmethane derivatives are selected from the group consisting of butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane claim 2 , ethylhexyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane claim 2 , isopropyl dibenzoylmethane claim 2 , and mixtures thereof.7. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (v) camphor derivatives are selected from 4-methylbenzylidene camphor.8. The liquid fuel composition of wherein the (vi) benzonphenone derivatives are selected ...

Benzyl hemiformal-containing biodiesel mixtures

A mixture comprising 110-. (canceled)11. A mixture comprisinga) biodiesel, andb) 10% to 60% by weight of benzyl hemiformal.12. The mixture according to claim 11 , wherein the biodiesel is present in an amount of 40% to 90% by weight.13. The mixture according to claim 11 , wherein the components a) and b) are present in an amount of 99-100% by weight based on the mixture.14. The mixture according to claim 11 , comprising claim 11 , as biocide claim 11 , benzyl hemiformal in an amount of more than 95% by weight based on the total amount of biocide in the mixture.15. A process for producing the mixture according to claim 11 , comprising dissolving the benzyl hemiformal in the biodiesel.16. A process for the stabilization of diesel fuel against microorganisms comprising contacting the diesel fuel with the mixture according to .17. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the diesel fuel has a biodiesel content of up to 26% by weight.18. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the diesel fuel has a biodiesel content of with less than 2% by weight.19. A diesel fuel comprisingi) at least 200 ppm of benzyl hemiformal andii) 0.18% to 26% by weight of biodiesel.20. The diesel fuel according to claim 19 , wherein the content of benzyl hemiformal is 0.02% to 0.2% by weight and the content of biodiesel is less than or equal to 1.8% by weight claim 19 , based in each case on the diesel fuel. The invention relates to benzyl hemiformal-containing biodiesel mixtures, to a process for producing same, to the use of same for the stabilization of diesel fuels against microorganisms and also to corresponding stabilized diesel fuels.Since the use of biodiesel has gained increasing significance in recent times as a legally stipulated additive in diesel fuels for automobiles, recent years have also correspondingly seen a growing rise in the production and marketing of petrodiesel admixed with biodiesel, known as B5, B10 or B20 diesel fuels, the appended number representing the ...

Liquid Fuel Composition and the Use Thereof

The present invention relates to a liquid fuel composition comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons and a cyclic hydrocarbon compound that suppresses the emission of soot particulates. The present invention also relates to a method for reducing the emission of soot particulates in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine. It is desirable for the cyclic hydrocarbon compound to contain one or more oxygen atoms. 1. A liquid fuel composition comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons to which has been added a cyclic hydrocarbon compound for use in a compression-ignition engine , wherein the ring of the cyclic hydrocarbon compound contains at least five carbon atoms , the compound containing at least one oxygen atom , and which liquid fuel composition has a cetane number of 10-40.2. The liquid fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclic hydrocarbon compound has one or more branches claim 1 , which branches may optionally be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or optionally cyclic claim 1 , or a combination of the two.3. The liquid fuel composition according to wherein the at least one oxygen atom is contained in the ring.4. The liquid fuel composition according to wherein the at least one oxygen atom is outside the ring.5. The liquid fuel composition according to wherein the cyclic hydrocarbon compound is comprises cyclohexanone or cyclopentanol.6. The liquid fuel composition according to claim 5 , wherein the cyclic hydrocarbon compound comprises cyclohexanone.7. The liquid fuel composition according to wherein the cyclic hydrocarbon compound comprises tetrahydropyran.8. The liquid fuel composition according to wherein the amount of cyclic hydrocarbon compound contained in the liquid fuel composition is at least 5 wt. % claim 1 , relative to the weight of the total liquid fuel composition.9. The liquid fuel composition according to claim 8 , wherein the amount of cyclic hydrocarbon compound contained in the liquid fuel composition is at least 10 wt. % claim 8 ...

CO-PROCESSING HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION OIL AND CO-FEED TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS

The present disclosure relates to processes for producing biofuel compositions by processing hydrocarbon co-feed and a bio-oil obtained via hydrothermal liquifaction (HTL) of a cellulosic biomass to form an HTL oil. The cellulosic mass can be processed at an operating temperature of about 425° C. or less and an operating pressure of about 200 atm or less. The HTL oil is co-processed with a hydrocarbon co-feed (e.g., petroleum fraction) in a cracking unit, such as an FCC unit, a coker unit or a visbreaking unit, in the presence of a catalyst to produce a cracked product (biofuel). The bio content of the cracked product provides RIN credits for the cracked product. 1. A method for forming a biofuel composition , comprising:introducing separately a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) oil derived from cellulosic material, a hydrocarbon co-feed and a cracking catalyst into a cracking unit to form a mixture; andprocessing the mixture at a temperature of about 350° C. or greater to form a cracked product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cracked product is not fractionated.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cracking unit comprises two or more injection nozzles coupled with the cracking unit.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising blending the cracked product with one or more fuel additive components claim 1 , wherein the biofuel composition comprises one or more fuel additive components.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the one or more fuel additive components are selected from an anti-oxidant claim 4 , a corrosion inhibitor claim 4 , an ashless detergent claim 4 , a dehazer claim 4 , a dye claim 4 , a lubricity improver claim 4 , a mineral fuel component claim 4 , a petroleum derived gasoline claim 4 , a diesel claim 4 , and a kerosene.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofuel composition has a water content of about 5% or less.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing the hydrocarbon co-feed into the cracking unit using a first nozzle and ...

FUEL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING HYDROPHOBIC DERIVATIVES OF GLYCERINE

The object of the present invention relates to a composition that can be used as fuel comprising: at least one hydrocarbon mixture at least one hydrophobic ketal or acetal of glycerine. Said composition can be advantageously used as fuel for diesel or gasoline engines. 2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cyclic ketal and/or acetal having formula (I) or (II) is present in said composition in an amount ranging from 0.5% by volume to 15% by volume.3. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the cyclic ketal and/or acetal having formula (I) or (II) is present in an amount ranging from 1% by volume to 10% by volume claim 2 , with respect to the total volume of the composition.4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon mixture is selected from gasoil claim 1 , gasoline claim 1 , biodiesel claim 1 , green diesel and mixtures thereof.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the compounds having formula (I) or (II) claim 1 , Ris selected from H claim 1 , CHand CH claim 1 , and Ris selected from CH claim 1 , CH claim 1 , CHand CH.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the compounds having formula (I) or (II) claim 1 , Rcontains from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the compounds having formula (I) or (II) claim 1 , Ris ethyl or n-butyl.9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the transformation in step (1) corresponds to the etherification of glycerine claim 8 , effected by reaction with an alcohol having formula ROH to give the corresponding 3-(RO)-1 claim 8 ,2-propanediol claim 8 , 2-(RO)-1 claim 8 ,3-propanediol or a mixture thereof claim 8 , wherein Ris a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms.10. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the transformation in step (1) corresponds to the reduction of glycerine to the corresponding diol claim 8 , effected with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to ...

USE OF AN ALKOXYLATED POLYTETRAHYDROFURAN TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION

The use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula (I) is an additive in a fuel for minimization of power loss in internal combustion engines and for improving acceleration of internal combustion engines.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula (I) is an additive in a fuel for improving lubricity of lubricant oils in an internal combustion engine for lubricating purposes by operating the internal combustion engine with a fuel comprising an effective amount of the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane of formula (I).4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein k is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦25.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated polytetrahydrofurane has a weight average molecular weight Mw in the range of 500 to 20000 g/mol determined according to DIN 55672-1 polystyrene calibration standard.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein (m+m′) is in the range of ≧3 to ≦65.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of (m+m′) to k is in the range of 0.3:1 to 6:1.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein m is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦25 and m′ is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦25.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ris an unsubstituted claim 1 , linear alkyl radical having 6 claim 1 , 7 claim 1 , 8 claim 1 , 9 claim 1 , 10 claim 1 , 11 claim 1 , 12 claim 1 , 13 claim 1 , 14 claim 1 , 15 claim 1 , 16 claim 1 , 17 or 18 carbon atoms.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Rdenotes is —CH.11. The method according to claim 1 , whereinm is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦30,m′ is an integer in the range of ≧1 to ≦30,(m+m′) is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦50,n is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦45,n′ is an integer in the range of ≧3 to ≦45,(n+n′) is an integer in the range of ≧6 to ≦90,p is an integer in the range of ≧0 to ≦75,p′ is an integer in the range of ≧0 to ≦75,k ...

Biofuel composition

This invention relates to the fuels, and can be used in the national economy as a motor fuel equivalent by its physical and chemical properties to the oil motor fuel. The technical result of this invention is a biofuel produced, which allows to improve the combustion process efficiency in engine operation, increase engine power and reduce the startup time. In addition, this product can be used to reduce harmful emissions from the engine with significant cost reduction by using components based on low-cost large tonnage products available provided with domestic raw materials, including renewable ones, improve cold flow performance and increase the cetane number. This effect can be achieved by the biofuel as a mixture of dietilformal 40-80 by vol. % and glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids 20-60 by vol. %. Vegetable oils are used as glycerides of unsaturated fatty acids.

Alcohol and ether fuel additives for lead-free gasoline

An octane-enhancing additive includes a mixed butanol composition, sec-butyl ether, methanol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and a C4-dimer, the mixed butanol composition comprising sec-butanol and tert-butanol, and the C4-dimer comprising di-isobutylene, 2,2,4 trimethylpentane, 2,3,3 trimethylpentane, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

TRITYLATED ETHERS

A compound having formula (PhC)Ar(GR), wherein Ph represents a phenyl group, Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms; G is O, S, SO or SO; R is: (a) C-Calkyl substituted by at least one of OH, SH, C-Calkoxy and cyano; or (b) C-Cheteroalkyl; m is one or two; and n is an integer from one to four. 1. A compound having formula (PhC)Ar(GR) , wherein Ph represents a phenyl group , Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms; G is O , S , SO or SO; R is: (a) C-Calkyl substituted by at least one of OH , SH , C-Calkoxy and cyano; or (b) C-Cheteroalkyl; m is one or two; and n is an integer from one to four.2. The compound of in which Ar is a C-Chydrocarbyl aromatic ring system and R is C-Cheteroalkyl.3. The compound of in which n is an integer from one to three.4. The compound of in which R is C-Cheteroalkyl not containing sulfur and G is O.5. The compound of in which Ar is a benzene ring system and n is two.6. A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound having formula (PhC)Ar(GR) claim 4 , wherein Ph represents a phenyl group claim 4 , Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms; G is O claim 4 , S claim 4 , SO or SO; R is: (a) C-Calkyl substituted by at least one of OH claim 4 , SH claim 4 , C-Calkoxy and cyano; or (b) C-Cheteroalkyl; m is one or two; and n is an integer from one to four claim 4 , wherein each compound having formula (PhC)Ar(GR)is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.7. The method of in which Ar is a C-Chydrocarbyl aromatic ring system and R is C-Cheteroalkyl.8. The method of in which n is an integer from one to three.9. The method of in which R is C-Cheteroalkyl not containing sulfur and G is O.10. The method of in which Ar is a benzene ring system and n is two. This invention relates to new compounds useful in a ...

GASOLINE COMPOSITION, METHOD AND USE

A gasoline composition comprising, as an additive, one or more quaternary ammonium salt(s) (i) formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A): and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1) or (B2): wherein R is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or alkylaryl group; Ris an alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group having up to 36 carbon atoms; Rand Rare the same or different alkyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms; X is an alkylene group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is from 0 to 20; m is from 1 to 5; and Ris hydrogen or a Cto Calkyl group. 2. A gasoline composition according to wherein the compound of formula (A) is an ester of a carboxylic acid having a pKof 3.5 or less.3. A gasoline claim 1 , composition according to wherein the compound of formula (A) is an ester of a carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid claim 1 , an α-hydroxycarboxylic acid and a polycarboxylic acid.4. A gasoline composition according to wherein the compound of formula (A) is an ester of a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid.5. A gasoline claim 4 , composition according to wherein R is a substituted phenyl or naphthyl group substituted with one or more groups selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl claim 4 , alkenyl claim 4 , aryl or carboalkoxy groups claim 4 , nitro claim 4 , cyano claim 4 , hydroxy claim 4 , SR claim 4 , NRRor COOR claim 4 , wherein each of R claim 4 , Rand Ris a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl claim 4 , alkenyl claim 4 , aryl or carboalkoxy groups.6. A gasoline claim 1 , composition according to wherein the quaternary ammonium salt(s) are formed by the reaction of a compound of formula (A) and a compound formed by the reaction of a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and an amine of formula (B1).7. A gasoline composition according to wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent is ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING A FUEL ADDITIVE

A method of producing a fuel additive includes: passing a first process stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit producing a first recycle stream; passing the first recycle stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a second recycle stream; passing the second recycle stream through a recycle hydrogenation unit and a deisobutanizer unit; and recycling the second recycle stream to the methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit. 1. A method of producing a fuel additive , comprising:passing a first process stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit producing a first recycle stream;passing the first recycle stream through a hydration unit producing the fuel additive and a second recycle stream;passing the second recycle stream through a recycle hydrogenation unit and a deisobutanizer unit; andrecycling the second recycle stream to the methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a source of the first process stream comprises a product of an olefin cracking process and/or an olefin production process claim 1 , wherein the first process stream comprises at least one of propane claim 1 , propylene claim 1 , ethyl acetylene claim 1 , vinyl acetylene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-butadiene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2-butadiene claim 1 , isobutylene claim 1 , cis-2-butene claim 1 , trans-2-butene claim 1 , 1-butene claim 1 , isobutane claim 1 , or n-butane.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising passing a first feed stream through a hydrocracking unit claim 1 , forming a second feed stream and passing the second feed stream through a selective hydrogenation unit prior to passing through the methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit claim 1 , forming the first process stream.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the first process stream with a catalyst within the methyl tertiary butyl ether synthesis unit claim 1 , wherein ...

DIMETHYL ETHER BLENDED FUEL ALTERNATIVE FOR DIESEL ENGINES

A dimethyl ether blended fuel having a fuel composition including dimethyl ether (DME), glycerol, and a co-solvent, wherein the fuel composition achieving a kinematic viscosity of at least 0.2 centistokes (cSt). 1. A dimethyl ether blended fuel comprising:a fuel composition having dimethyl ether (DME), glycerol, and a co-solvent, wherein the fuel composition having a kinematic viscosity of at least 0.2 centistokes (cSt).2. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the fuel composition having a kinematic viscosity of at least 1.3 centistokes (cSt)3. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the fuel composition having a kinematic viscosity of at least 1.9 centistokes (cSt)4. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the co-solvent comprises Di-propylene glycol (DPG).5. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the fuel composition having a binary mixture of DPG and glycerol of about 54 wt. %.6. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the binary mixture of DPG and glycerol has about 34.02 wt. % DPG and 19.98 wt. % of glycerol.7. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the fuel composition having a binary mixture of DPG and glycerol of about 60 wt. %.8. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the binary mixture of DPG and glycerol has about 35.40 wt. % DPG and 24.6 wt. % of glycerol.9. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the co-solvent comprises propylene glycol (PG).10. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the fuel composition having a binary mixture of PG and glycerol of about 52 wt. %.11. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the binary mixture of DPG and glycerol has about 34.05 wt. % PG and 17.94 wt. % of glycerol.12. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the fuel composition having a binary mixture of PG and glycerol of about 58 wt. %.13. The dimethyl ether blended fuel according to wherein the binary mixture of DPG and ...

SUBSTITUTED DIBENZOFURANS AS FUEL MARKERS

A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound that is a R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand R—substituted dibenzofuran, wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rindependently are hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; provided that R, R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rcollectively have at least two carbon atoms; wherein each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm. 2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The compound of in which R is C-Calkyl.7. The method of in which R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , R claim 6 , Rand Rindependently are hydrogen claim 6 , C-Chydrocarbyl claim 6 , C-Chydrocarbyloxy claim 6 , C-Caryl or C-Caryloxy.8. The method of in which each compound having formula (I) is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 10 ppm.9. The method of in which R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , R claim 8 , Rand Rcollectively have at least three carbon atoms.10. The method of in which at least one of R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , R claim 9 , Rand Rhas at least three carbon atoms This invention relates to a new method for marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils, as well as new compounds useful for this purpose.Marking of petroleum hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils with various kinds of chemical markers is well known in the art. A variety of compounds have been used for this purpose, as well as numerous techniques for detection of the markers, e.g., absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 9,587,187 discloses the use of trityl aryl ethers for use in marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils. However, there is always a need for additional marker compounds for these products. Combinations of markers can be used as digital marking systems, with the ratios of ...

OCTANE-BOOSTING FUEL ADDITIVES, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, AND USES THEREOF

A method of manufacturing an octane-boosting fuel additive, the method comprises reacting n-butyraldehyde, iso-butyraldehyde, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing with glycerol in the presence of an acidic catalyst to obtain an octane-boosting product mixture comprising 2-propyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane, 2-isopropyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane, 2-propyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-isopropyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing. 1. A method of manufacturing an octane-boosting fuel additive , the method comprisingreacting n-butyraldehyde, iso-butyraldehyde, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing with glycerol in the presence of an acidic catalyst to obtain an octane-boosting product mixture comprising 2-propyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane, 2-isopropyl-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane, 2-propyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-isopropyl-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the n-butyraldehyde claim 1 , iso-butyraldehyde claim 1 , or combination comprising at least one of the foregoing is a by-product of butanol or 2-ethylhexanol production.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the by-product is a crude by-product.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the crude by-product is undistilled.5. A method of manufacturing an octane-boosting fuel additive claim 3 , the method comprisingreacting 2-ethylhexenaldehyde, 2-ethylhexaldehyde, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing with glycerol in the presence of an acidic catalyst to obtain an octane-boosting product mixture comprising 2-(hept-3-en-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane, 2-(heptan-3-yl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-dioxane, 2-(hept-3-en-3-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2-(heptan-3-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the 2-ethylhexenaldehyde claim 5 , 2-ethylhexaldehyde claim 5 , or ...

FUEL FOR COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES BASED ON MONOOXYMETHYLENE DIMETHYLETHER

A fuel for compression-ignition engines is described, which contains mono oxymethylene dimethyl ether and has a cetane number of ≧51. This fuel for compression-ignition engines advantageously contains oxygenates of the n-polyoxaalkane type and/or di-tert-butyl peroxide. Up to about 20% by weight of the mono oxymethylene dimethyl ether can be replaced by dimethyl ether. 1. A fuel for compression-ignition engines , containing mono oxymethylene dimethylether , wherein the fuel has a cetane number of ≧48.6.2. A fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel has a cetane number of ≧51.3. A fuel according to claim 2 , wherein the fuel contains at least 80% by weight monooxymethylene dimethylether.4. A fuel according to claim 2 , wherein the fuel contains at least one oxygenate of the n-polyoxaalkane type claim 2 , which is selected from the group consisting of polyoxymethylene dialkylethers of the formula{'sub': 2', 'n, 'RO(—CHO—)R, wherein n=4 to 10 and R=an alkyl group, polyethylene glycol dialkylethers and/or polyethylene glycol monoalkylether formals.'}5. A fuel according to claim 4 , wherein the fuel contains up to 20% by weight claim 4 , preferably up to 5% by weight claim 4 , and especially preferably up to 3% by weight claim 4 , of at least one oxygenate of the n-polyoxaalkane type claim 4 , which is selected from the group consisting of polyoxymethylene dialkyl ethers of the formula RO(—CHO—)R wherein n=4 to 10 and R=an alkyl group claim 4 , polyethylene glycol dialkylethers and/or polyethylene glycol monoalkylether formals.6. A fuel according to claim 4 , wherein the polyoxymethylene dialkylethers are polyoxymethylene dimethylethers claim 4 , the polyethylene glycol dialkylethers are polyethylene glycol dimethylethers and the polyethylene glycol monoalkyletherformals are polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether formals.7. A fuel according to claim 6 , wherein the polyoxymethylene dimethylether has a molecular weight MG of 100 to 400 daltons.8. A fuel according to ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING A FUEL ADDITIVE

A method of producing a fuel additive includes passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a first process stream; passing the first process stream through a selective butadiene hydrogenation unit transforming greater than or equal to 90% by weight of the butadiene to 1-butene and 2-butene, preferably greater than or equal to 93%, preferably, greater than or equal to 94%, more preferably, greater than or equal to 95% producing a second process stream; passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing a third process stream and the fuel additive; passing the third process stream through a total hydrogenation unit producing a hydrogenated stream; and passing the hydrogenated stream to a cracker unit. 1. A method of producing a fuel additive , comprising:passing a feed stream comprising C4 hydrocarbons through a methyl tertiary butyl ether unit producing a first process stream;passing the first process stream through a selective butadiene hydrogenation unit transforming greater than or equal to 90% by weight of butadiene to 1-butene and 2-butene, producing a second process stream;passing the second process stream through a hydration unit producing a third process stream and the fuel additive;passing the third process stream through a total hydrogenation unit producing a hydrogenated stream; andpassing the hydrogenated stream to a cracker unit.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a source of the feed stream comprises a product of an olefin cracking process and/or an olefin production process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feed stream comprises at least one of propane claim 1 , propylene claim 1 , ethyl acetylene claim 1 , vinyl acetylene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3-butadiene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2-butadiene claim 1 , isobutylene claim 1 , cis-2-butene claim 1 , trans-2-butene claim 1 , 1-butene claim 1 , isobutane claim 1 , or n-butane.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting ...

Synergistic antimicrobial composition

A synergistic antimicrobial composition having two components. The first component is a hydroxymethyl-substituted phosphorus compound. The second component is one of the following biocides: hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine, 2,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl acetate or ortho-phenylphenol or its alkali metal or ammonium salts.

TRACERS AND METHOD OF MARKING LIQUIDS

A method of marking a hydrocarbon liquid comprising adding to said hydrocarbon liquid a tracer compound, the tracer compound being a substituted biphenol ether having a core structure of Formula I, wherein the two R groups are the same or different and selected from straight chain, branched or cyclic alkyl groups, phenyl or substituted phenyl groups, benzyl or substituted benzyl groups, or the two R groups form a single substituent linked intramolecularly to both oxygen atoms, and wherein one or both of the aromatic rings of the core structure is further substituted with at least one non-planar group. 116-. (canceled)18. The method according to claim 17 ,wherein the or each non-planar group consists of atoms selected from the group carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.19. The method according to claim 17 ,{'sub': 4', '20, 'wherein the or each non-planar group is a Cto Cnon-planar group.'}20. The method according to claim 17 ,wherein the or each non-planar group is a non-planar alkyl group.21. The method according to claim 20 ,wherein the non-planar alkyl group is a branched alkyl group.22. The method according to claim 21 ,wherein the branched alkyl group is a tert-butyl group.23. The method according to claim 17 ,wherein one or both of the aromatic rings of the core structure is substituted with at least two of the non-planar groups.24. The method according to claim 17 ,wherein the substituted biphenol ether is an ortho-biphenol ether or a para-biphenol ether.25. The method according to claim 24 ,wherein the substituted biphenol ether is an ortho-biphenol ether.26. The method according to claim 17 ,wherein the R groups consist of atoms selected from the group carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.27. A method according to claim 17 ,{'sub': 1', '20, 'wherein the R groups are Cto Cgroups.'}28. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the tracer compound is added to the hydrocarbon liquid to yield a concentration of tracer compound in a range 1 μg/l to 10 claim 17 ,000 μg/l.29. A ...

FUEL COMPOSITION

A fuel composition wherein the fuel composition comprises (a) a major amount of liquefied methane based gas in cryogenic state having a temperature in the range from −182° C. to −100° C. and, preferably, a pressure in the range of 1 bar to 15 bar, and (b) a minor amount of an 5 ignition improving additive, wherein the ignition improving additive has a melting point of less than −105° C., a boiling point of less than 60° C. and an autoignition temperature of lower than 480° C. and wherein the ignition improving additive is selected from alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ethers, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones, amides, nitroalkanes, nitrosoalkanes, nitrates, nitrites, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, dienes, peroxides, triatomic oxygen, trimethylamine, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and mixtures thereof. 1. A fuel composition comprising (a) a major amount of liquefied methane based gas in cryogenic state having a temperature in the range from −182° C. to −100° C. and , preferably , a pressure in the range of 1 bar to 15 bar , and (b) a minor amount of an ignition improving additive , wherein the ignition improving additive has a melting point of less than −105° C. , a boiling point of less than 60° C. , an autoignition temperature of less than 480° C. and wherein the ignition improving additive is selected from alkanes , alkenes , alcohols , ethers , alkynes , aldehydes , ketones , amides , nitroalkanes , nitrosoalkanes , nitrates , nitrites , cycloalkanes , cycloalkenes , dienes , peroxides , triatomic oxygen , trimethylamine , ethylene oxide , propylene oxide , and mixtures thereof.2. A fuel composition according to wherein the ignition improving additive is selected from ethers claim 1 , aldehydes claim 1 , nitrites claim 1 , alkenes and alkanes claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. A fuel composition according to wherein the ignition improving additive is selected from ethers and alkanes claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. A fuel composition according to wherein the ethers are ...

Multi-Purpose Paraffin Additives for Deposit Control, Anti-Settling and Wax Softening in Oil-Based Fluids

An additive may be added to an oil-based fluid having at least one wax foulant therein. The additive may be or include an alpha olefin copolymer, an alkyl phenol-formaldehyde resin, an alkyl acrylate, a polyalkyl methacrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate co-polymer, ethylene vinyl acetate terpolymer, imidazoline, and combinations thereof. The additive may alter at least one property of the wax foulant as compared to an otherwise identical oil-based fluid absent the additive. The altered property may be or include the amount of wax foulant deposited, the amount of paraffinic wax dispersed, settling rate of the paraffinic wax foulant, viscosity of the paraffinic wax foulant, shape of the paraffinic wax foulant, such as but not limited to softening the wax foulant, and combinations thereof.

DISTILLATE FUEL WITH IMPROVED SEAL SWELL PROPERTIES

The invention provides a distillate fuel blend with improved seal swell properties comprising at least one highly paraffinic distillate fuel fraction having a mass swelling ratio less than 9% when measured according to ASTM D1414 or ASTM D471 at 50° C. and for 20 days when using an NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) O-ring with a hardness of 70 that has been de-plasticised; and about 0.5 volume percent to about 15 volume percent of at least one component selected from a group of aromatic ethers wherein the blend exhibits a mass swelling ratio of at least 10% when measured according to ASTM D1414 or ASTM D471 at 50° C. and for 20 days when using an NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) O-ring with a hardness of 70 that has been de-plasticised. The invention extends to the use of an aromatic ether fraction in a blend with a synthetic middle distillate fraction for the purposes of achieving seal swell characteristics more comparable with those characteristic of crude-derived middle distillate fuel product.

TRITYLATED ETHERS

A compound having formula (PhC)Ar(OR), wherein Ph represents a phenyl group, Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms, R is C-Calkyl or C-Caralkyl, m is one or two, and n is an integer from one to four. 1. A compound having formula (PhC)Ar(OR) , wherein Ph represents a phenyl group , Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms , R is C-Calkyl or C-Caralkyl , m is one or two , and n is an integer from one to four.2. The compound of in which Ar is a C-Chydrocarbyl aromatic ring system.3. The compound of in which n is two or three.4. The compound of in which R is C-Calkyl.5. The compound of in which Ar is a benzene ring system claim 4 , n is two claim 4 , and R is C-Calkyl.6. A compound having formula (PhC)Ar(OR) claim 4 , wherein Ph represents a phenyl group claim 4 , Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms claim 4 , R is C-Calkyl or C-Caralkyl claim 4 , m is two claim 4 , and n is an integer from one to four.7. The method of in which Ar is a C-Chydrocarbyl aromatic ring system.8. The method of in which n is an integer from one to three.9. The method of in which R is C-Calkyl.10. The method of in which Ar is a benzene ring system claim 9 , n is two claim 9 , and R is C-Calkyl. This invention relates to new compounds useful in a method for marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils.Marking of petroleum hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils with various kinds of chemical markers is well known in the art. A variety of compounds have been used for this purpose, as well as numerous techniques for detection of the markers, e.g., absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,858,373 discloses the use of a variety of organic compounds for use in marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils. However, there is always a need for additional marker compounds for these products. Combinations of markers can be used as digital marking systems, with the ...

CETANE-BOOSTING FUEL ADDITIVES, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, AND USES THEREOF

A method of manufacturing a cetane-boosting fuel additive includes reacting formaldehyde and 2-ethylhexanol at a mole ratio of 10:1 to 1:1, or 5:1 to 1.5:1, or 4:1 to 2:1, or 3.5:1 to 2.5:1 in the presence of a heterogeneous acid catalyst at a temperature of 300 to 375° K to obtain a cetane-boosting product mixture comprising HC(CH)CH(CHCH)CH(OCH)OH, HC(CH)CH(CHCH)CH(OCH)OCHCH(CHCH)(CH)CH, or a combination thereof, wherein n has an average value of 2.8 to 3.2, preferably an average value of 3. 1. A method of manufacturing a cetane-boosting fuel additive , the method comprising{'sub': 3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', 'n', '3', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '2', 'n', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '3, 'reacting formaldehyde and 2-ethylhexanol at a mole ratio of 10:1 to 1:1 in the presence of a heterogeneous acid catalyst at a temperature of 300 to 375° K to obtain a cetane-boosting product mixture comprising HC(CH)CH(CHCH)CH(OCH)OH, HC(CH)CH(CHCH)CH(OCH)OCHCH(CHCH)(CH)CH, or a combination thereof, wherein n has an average value of 2.8 to 3.2.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heterogeneous acid catalyst comprises a cation exchange resin.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cation exchange resin is a sulfonated polystyrene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is present in an amount of more than 0 to 2 weight percent claim 1 , based on the total weight of the formaldehyde and the 2-ethylhexanol.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cetane-boosting product mixture further comprises formaldehyde claim 1 , 2-ethylhexanol claim 1 , or a combination comprising formaldehyde and 2-ethylhexanol.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprisingseparating the catalyst and the cetane-boosting product mixture to provide the cetane-boosting fuel additive.7. The method of claim 5 , further comprising removing at least a portion of the formaldehyde claim 5 , the 2-ethylhexanol claim 5 , or both to provide the cetane-boosting fuel additive.8. A method of manufacturing a cetane- ...

Methods of inhibiting precipitation of biodiesel fuel components

Embodiments of the invention provide a method of inhibiting precipitation of biodiesel fuel components. The method includes providing a biodiesel fuel composition; providing a copolymer comprising at least first and second polymer units, said first polymer units derived from a carboxylic acid anhydride and said second polymer units derived from an olefin; and blending said copolymer with the biodiesel fuel to form a treated fuel composition. Alternatively, instead of the copolymer, a dialkylene glycol additive can be provided. Embodiments of the invention provide a method of reducing the cold soak filter blocking tendency of a biodiesel fuel composition.

Universal Synthetic Lubricant, Method and Product-by-Process to Replace the Lost Sulfur Lubrication when Using Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels

A diesel fuel lubricant as a replacement for sulfur lubrication in Ultra-Low and Low Sulfur Diesel fuels, the process for producing said lubricant, and the method of using said lubricant. This lubricant comprises alpha-olefins; low odor aromatic solvents; and at least one a base oil selected from the base oil group consisting of hydroisomerized high base oils and HT Severe Hydro-cracked Base Oils; as well as other ingredients. Also disclosed is a method for producing this lubricant. 1. A method of producing a synthetic diesel fuel additive , comprising:blending alpha-olefins, low odor aromatic solvents, and at least one base oil until the blend is a consistent amalgamation without any appearance of separation, thereby producing a primary blend;blending a cetane booster, detergent, cloud point reducer blend, thereby producing a secondary blend;adding said secondary blend to said primary blend; andadding low flash mineral spirits to said primary blend and said secondary blend.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:separately blending calcium sulfonates and said low flash mineral spirits, thereby producing a tertiary blend; andadding said low flash mineral spirits by adding said tertiary blend to said primary and secondary blend.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:adding solvent activated dyes; at least one depressant selected form the group consisting of pour point depressants and cloud point depressants; isomer reformate; and dimethyl ketones to said blend of primary and secondary blends, and said low flash mineral spirits.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:adding solvent activated dyes; at least one depressant selected form the group consisting of pour point depressants and cloud point depressants; isomer reformate; and dimethyl ketones to said primary, secondary, and tertiary blends. This application is a continuation of pending application U.S. Ser. No. 14/314,167 filed Jun. 25, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,284,507 issued Mar. 15, 2016. ...

Mobile Transport Fuel Refinery System and Method, Fuel Refinery and Dispensing System and Method, and Fuel Composition

A fuel refinery system comprising a particulate filter adapted to remove particulates from fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system, a water filter adapted to remove water from fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system following its passage through the particulate filter, a magnetic field of sufficient strength to further refine the fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system following its passage through the water filter, a catalyst injector configured to inject the catalyst from a catalyst tank into the fuel flowing through the fuel conduction system following its passage through the magnetic field, a dispensing conduit configured to conduct the fuel from the fuel refinement apparatus following injection of the catalyst. 1. A fuel composition produced by the process of the following steps performed upon a fuel containing particulates and water:removing particulates from the fuel;removing water from the fuel;subjecting the fuel to a magnetic field of sufficient strength to further refine the fuel following the removal of particulates and water; andadmixing a catalyst into the fuel following its refinement by the magnetic field.2. The fuel composition of wherein a particulate content of the fuel composition produced by the process is below about 2 microns.3. The fuel composition of wherein a water content of the fuel composition produced by the process is below about 10 PPM.4. The fuel composition of wherein a microbial content of the fuel composition produced by the process is below about 1 CFV/mL.5. The fuel composition of wherein a cetane value of the fuel composition produced by the process is in the range of 45-52.6. The fuel composition of wherein a lubricity value of the fuel composition produced by the process is in the range of 2.65 CST or greater.7. The fuel composition of wherein the catalyst comprises hydrocarbons and ketones and is present in a ratio in the range of at least 1/1000.8. A fuel composition comprising a fuel hydrocarbon ...

TRITYLATED ALKYL ARYL ETHERS

A compound having formula (PhC)Ar(R)(OR), wherein Ph represents a phenyl group, Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms, Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl, m is one or two, j is an integer from one to four and n is an integer from one to three. 1. A compound having formula (PhC)Ar(R)(OR) , wherein Ph represents a phenyl group , Ar is a C-Chydrocarbyl aromatic ring system , Ris C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl , Ris C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl , m is one or two , j is an integer from one to three and n is an integer from one to two.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The compound of in which Ar is a benzene ring system claim 1 , j is one or two claim 1 , n is one claim 1 , Ris C-Calkyl claim 1 , Ris C-Calkyl and m is one.6. A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel; said method comprising adding to said petroleum hydrocarbon or liquid biologically derived fuel at least one compound having formula (PhC)Ar(R)(OR) claim 1 , wherein Ph represents a phenyl group claim 1 , Ar is an aromatic ring system having from six to twenty carbon atoms claim 1 , Rand Rindependently are C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl claim 1 , m is one or two claim 1 , j is an integer from one to four and n is an integer from one to three; wherein each compound having formula (PhC)Ar(R)(OR)is present at a level from 0.01 ppm to 20 ppm.7. The method of in which Ar is a C-Chydrocarbyl aromatic ring system claim 6 , j is an integer from one to three and n is one or two.8. The method of in which Ris C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl.9. The method of in which Ris C-Calkyl or C-Cheteroalkyl.10. The method of in which Ar is a benzene ring system claim 9 , j is one or two claim 9 , n is one claim 9 , Ris C-Calkyl claim 9 , Ris C-Calkyl and m is one. This invention relates to new compounds useful in a method for marking liquid hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils.Marking of petroleum hydrocarbons and other fuels and oils with various ...

Composite Additive for Fuel

Provided is a composite additive for fuel capable of significantly delaying a phase separation phenomenon even in poor environmental conditions such as high humidity, low temperature, storage for a long period of time, and the like, preventing freezing in winter due to a lower freezing point, and having an excellent cleaning effect on impurities fixedly adhered in an engine. Further, the composite additive for fuel may prevent fuel from being used for purposes other than as a fuel, for example, as a drink, and avoid causing fatal problems. 1. A composite additive for fuel comprising:biobutanol;a ketone based compound including one or two or more selected from methylethylketone, methylisopropylketone, methylisobutylketone, and 5-methyl-3-heptanone; andan ether based compound including one or more selected from methyl tert-butylether and ethyl tert-butylether.2. The composite additive for fuel of claim 1 , wherein it contains 10 to 100 parts by weight of the ketone based compound and 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of the ether based compound claim 1 , based on 100 parts by weight of biobutanol.3. The composite additive for fuel of claim 1 , further comprising tert-butanol.4. The composite additive for fuel of claim 3 , wherein it contains 10 to 100 parts by weight of tert-butanol claim 3 , based on 100 parts by weight of biobutanol.5. The composite additive for fuel of claim 3 , further comprising denatonium benzoate.6. The composite additive for fuel of claim 5 , wherein it contains 10 to 100 parts by weight of tert-butanol and 0.001 to 1 part by weight of denatonium benzoate claim 5 , based on 100 parts by weight of biobutanol.7. The composite additive for fuel of claim 1 , wherein the ketone based compound contains one or two or more (C4-C6) ketone based compounds selected from methylethylketone claim 1 , methylisopropylketone claim 1 , and methylisobutylketone claim 1 , and 5-methyl-3-heptanone.8. The composite additive for fuel of claim 7 , wherein the ketone based ...

GASOLINE COMPOSITIONS WITH IMPROVED OCTANE NUMBER

The present invention aims a new gasoline composition comprising a gasoline fuel and from 0.05 to 1% of a specific low quantity of a glycerol ketal or acetal. The new gasoline composition shows a higher octane number compared to known gasoline compositions. The invention also aims at the use of said glycerol ketal or acetal as a metal free octane booster additive for octane adjustment of gasoline compositions. 2. A gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Rand R claim 1 , independently from one another claim 1 , are selected from the group consisting of: methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , n-propyl claim 1 , isobutyl claim 1 , n-butyl claim 1 , tert-butyl claim 1 , n-pentyl claim 1 , cyclopentyl claim 1 , cyclohexyl claim 1 , and phenyl.3. A gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ris H or —C(═O)Rwherein Ris methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , n-propyl claim 1 , isobutyl claim 1 , n-butyl or tert-butyl.4. A gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare each methyl and Ris H.5. A gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ris methyl claim 1 , Ris isobutyl claim 1 , and Ris H.6. A gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ris methyl claim 1 , Ris phenyl claim 1 , and Ris H.7. A gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare each methyl claim 1 , Ris —C(═O)Rand Ris methyl.8. A gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the octane booster additive comprises a blend of two or more compounds of formula I.9. A gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the octane booster additive further comprises esters of C1-C6 carboxylic acids and/or ketones.10. A gasoline composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the octane booster additive optionally further comprises esters of C1-C6 carboxylic acids and/or ketones claim 1 , in a molar ratio of compound of formula I/esters of C1-C6 carboxylic acids and/or ketones of from 30:70 to 100:0.11. A gasoline ...

AVIATION GASOLINE COMPOSITION, ITS PREPARATION AND USE

An aviation gasoline composition comprising an impure iso-octane fraction, at least one xylene and at least one Cor Calkane, wherein the impure iso-octane fraction in said composition is a fraction comprising at least 90 mol % iso-octane and having a final boiling point of at least 180° C. and is present in the composition in an amount in the range of from 30 to 80 vol. % based on the composition, the composition is substantially free of any lead compounds, the composition has a motor octane number of at least 94 and the composition has a final boiling point of at most 170° C. The composition of the present invention may be made by blending together an impure iso-octane fraction, xylene, at least one Cor Calkane, optionally ethyl tertiary butyl ether, and optionally methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl and may be used in a spark ignition aviation engine, either alone or in combination with methanol or a methanol and water mixture. 1. An aviation gasoline composition comprising:an impure iso-octane fraction;{'sub': 4', '5, 'at least one xylene; and at least one Cor Calkane;'}wherein the impure iso-octane fraction is a fraction comprising at least 90 mol % iso-octane and having a final boiling point of at least 180° C. and is present in the composition in an amount in the range of from 30 to 80 vol. % based on the composition, the composition is substantially free of any lead compounds, the composition has a motor octane number of at least 94 and the composition has a final boiling point of at most 170° C.2. The composition as claimed in in which the composition has a MON of at least 95 and preferably of at least 96.3. The composition as claimed in in which the distillation of the composition has a T10 of at most 75° C. claim 1 , a T40 of at least 75° C. claim 1 , a T50 of at most 105° C. claim 1 , and a T90 of at most 135° C.4. The composition according to in which the impure iso-octane fraction is present in the composition in an amount in the range of from ...

Methods and Systems for Generating Aldehydes from Organic Seed Oils

Methods for generating aldehyde-containing compounds in organic seed oils utilizing direct current and, optionally, ozone without the use of added electrolytes and reducing compounds are disclosed, as are compositions generated by such methods. The reactions can be performed efficiently at ambient temperatures and pressures. These compositions have particular utility as additives to fuels and lubricating oils derived from petrochemical sources. 1. A method for producing a petroleum product additive , comprising:providing a vegetable oil;providing a first electrode and a second electrode;submerging at least a portion of the first electrode and at least a portion of the second electrode into the vegetable oil;applying, in the absence of an added chemical reductants and in the absence of an added metal salt, an electrical potential to the first electrode and the second electrode for at least 8 hours, such that the electrical potential generated between the first electrode and the second electrode is of fixed polarity, wherein the potential is at least 3 kV; andgenerating the petroleum product additive.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises a conductive material selected from the group consisting of copper claim 1 , brass claim 1 , stainless steel claim 1 , conductive polymer claim 1 , and graphite.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second electrode comprises a conductive material selected from the group consisting of copper claim 1 , brass claim 1 , stainless steel claim 1 , conductive polymer claim 1 , and graphite.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode have the same composition.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a gap is introduced between the first electrode and the second electrode claim 1 , wherein the gap is from 5 mm to 100 mm.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the gap is about 40 mm.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the vegetable oil is exposed to the first electrode and the second ...

Butanol purification

Provided are methods for removing one or more components from a butanol based composition. The methods comprise providing a butanol based composition comprising one or more components, targeting at least one component or a combination thereof for reduction, and processing said butanol based composition such that the at least one targeted component is substantially removed. The butanol based composition can, for example, be bio-produced.

Hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant and method of application thereof

A hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant comprises a compound having a following molecular structure R1-(CnHm)-R2, a precursor or a derivative of the compound: wherein n and m are positive integers; —(CnHm)— group is a straight chain molecule segment formed by covalent linkage of carbon atoms which are more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 50; ,R1 and R2 comprise an aromatic ring or carboxylic acid or hydroxyl radical or alkyl group; the aromatic ring group may either be a single ring or polycyclic, and may also be a heterocycle containing oxygen or nitrogen, which may be provided with or not provided with a substituent group; the antioxidant contains more than one linear chain or ring conjugated bond formed by conjugated double bonds; the ring conjugated double bonds are located on the aromatic ring at the end part; the linear chain conjugated double bonds are located on a carbon chain in the middle; and the antioxidant has a prominent absorption peak in a 250-400 nm ultraviolet wavelength range. The hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant comprises carotinoid, vitamin A or vitamin E. The invention further provides applications and a method of application of the antioxidant. The antioxidant can promote the ultraviolet light stabilization effect of the fuels, but also can promote the oxygen stabilization effect of the fuels, and particularly can promote the combustion efficiency of the fuels and reduce the emission of contaminants when the antioxidant is together used with such additives as cetane number improver and octane number improver.

Fuel Additive and Fuel Composition

A fuel additive for a hydrocarbon based fuel that has one or more of the following Components: 2. The fuel additive of claim 1 , comprising Component D and at least one of Component B or Component C.3. The fuel additive of claim 2 , comprising Component D and Component B.4. The fuel additive of claim 2 , comprising Component D and Component C.5. The fuel additive of claim 2 , comprising Component D claim 2 , Component B and Component C.6. The fuel additive of claim 1 , wherein said polyalpha olefin is produced from alpha olefins containing between 4-20 carbon atoms.7. The fuel additive of claim 6 , wherein said polyalpha olefin contains between 6-14 carbon atoms.8. The fuel additive of claim 1 , wherein said polyalpha olefin is produced from alpha olefins having an average of 10 carbon atoms.9. The fuel additive of claim 6 , wherein the molecular weight of the polyalpha olefin is from about 300 claim 6 ,000 to about 2 claim 6 ,000 claim 6 ,000.10. The fuel additive of claim 6 , wherein said polyalpha olefin has a particle size of from 25 microns to 100 microns.11. The fuel additive of claim 5 , wherein Component B is present in an amount of from about 4.5 wt % to about 9.0 wt % claim 5 , Component C is present in an amount from about 0.2 wt % to about 1.0 wt % claim 5 , and Component D is present in an amount from about 85 wt % to about 99 wt %.12. The fuel additive of claim 3 , wherein Component B is present in an amount from about 4.0 wt % to about 10 wt % claim 3 , and Component D is present in an amount from about 90 wt % to about 99 wt %.13. The fuel additive of claim 4 , wherein Component D is present in an amount from about 92 wt % to about 99 wt % and Component C is present in an amount from about 0.2 wt % to about 1.0 wt %.14. The fuel additive composition of comprising an adjunct selected from the group consisting of biocides claim 1 , thickening agents and mixtures thereof.15. A fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon containing fuel and a fuel additive ...

Gasoline fuel composition for improved performance in fuel injected engines

A fuel soluble additive for a gasoline engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a gasoline engine. The fuel soluble additive includes a quaternary ammonium salt derived from an amido amine containing at least one tertiary amino group and an epoxide, in the presence of a proton donor selected from a carboxylic acid and an alkyl phenol. The amido amine is made in a reaction medium that is substantially devoid of an acylating agent.

PROCESS FOR MAKING BIOBASED FUEL ADDITIVES

Wholly biobased MTBE and ETBE fuel additive materials are described, together with fuel compositions including such additives and processes for making the wholly biobased MTBE and ETBE using isobutene prepared from acetic acid in the presence of a ZnZrOmixed oxide catalyst. 1. Wholly biobased MTBE.2. Wholly biobased ETBE.3. A fuel composition comprising at least one of wholly biobased MTBE and wholly biobased ETBE and further comprising gasoline.4. A process for making a gasoline fuel additive , comprising:converting acetic acid to isobutene in the presence of a catalyst; andreacting the isobutene with at least one of methanol and ethanol.5. A process as in claim 4 , wherein the acetic acid is obtained at least in part by fermentation of one or more of the five- and six-carbon sugars.6. A process as in claim 4 , wherein the acetic acid is obtained at least in part through an oxidative fermentation from ethanol.7. A process as in claim 4 , wherein the acetic acid is obtained at least in part by carbonylation of methanol.8. A process as in claim 4 , wherein the catalyst for converting the acetic acid to isobutene is a ZnZrOmixed oxide catalyst.9. A process as in claim 8 , wherein the catalyst contains less than 0.14 percent by weight of sulfur.10. A process as in claim 9 , wherein the catalyst contains less than 0.01 percent by weight of sulfur.11. A process as in claim 10 , wherein the catalyst contains less than 0.001 percent by weight of sulfur.1211. A process as in any one of - claims 8 , wherein x:y is from 1:100 to 10:1.13. A process as in claim 12 , wherein x:y is from 1:12 to 1:10. The present application is a continuation of International Applications No. PCT/US2013/063971 filed Oct. 9, 2013, now published as WO 2014/204510, which directly claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/836,188 filed Jun. 18, 2013; the present application is also a continuation of International Application No. PCT/US2013/063968 filed Oct. 9, 2013, now published ...

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FURURAL AND FURFURAL DERIVATIVES

The present invention provides a process for preparing furfural and furfural derivatives using a furfural-derived solvent. 1. A process for preparing furfural and/or furfural derivatives , comprising:{'sub': '5', '(a) providing an aqueous Csugar-containing feed stream;'}{'sub': 5', '5, '(b) contacting an aqueous phase comprising the aqueous Csugar-containing feed stream with an organic phase comprising organic solvent at a temperature in the range of about 100° C. to about 300° C. for a time sufficient to effect a dehydration reaction to convert Csugar to furfural, wherein at least part of the furfural dissolves in the organic solvent phase to form a furfural-containing organic phase;'}(c) separating the furfural-containing organic phase from the aqueous phase;(d) converting at least part of the furfural to a tetrahydrofuranic derivative to obtain tetrahydrofuranic derivative-containing product; and(e) providing at least part of the tetrahydrofuranic derivative to step (b) as organic solvent.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the furfural is converted to a tetrahydrofuranic derivative by one or a combination of:i) a hydrogenation of the furfural, optionally followed by an alkylation;ii) an aldol-condensation; oriii) an etherification.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the furfural is converted to 2-methyltetrahydrofuran by hydrogenating part of the furfural in the presence of a reactor bed comprising at least a first catalyst to obtain 2-methyltetrahydrofuran-containing product; and wherein in step (e) a least part of the 2-methyltetrahydrofuran is provided to step (b) as organic solvent.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the hydrogenation is carried out in one stage.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the first catalyst comprises copper.7. The process of claim 4 , wherein the first catalyst further comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of chromium claim 4 , manganese claim 4 , zinc claim 4 , aluminum and barium.8. The process of claim ...

WINTERIZED POUR POINT DEPRESSANTS

This disclosure relates to winterized pour point depressant compositions for petroleum fluids. Such compositions exhibit stability and are flowable at temperatures down to as low as −47° C., without the need for further dilution. 1. A pour point depressant composition comprising:a copolymer of an alpha olefin monomer and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride monomer, converted to an ester or an imide and present in an amount of from about 1 to about 30 weight percent of the total weight of the composition; and{'sub': 5', '11', '3', '7', '2', 'n, '(i) 1. a nonionic surfactant comprising a 2-propyl heptanol alkoxylate, wherein the alkoxylate has the formula CHCH(CH)CHO(A)H, wherein A is an alkyleneoxy group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms and n is 2 to 16, present in an amount of from about 1 to about 40 weight percent of the total weight of the composition,'}{'b': '2', '. a cationic surfactant comprising an alkoxylated amine, present in an amount of from about 1 to about 40 weight percent of the total weight of the composition, and'}3. at least two hydrocarbon solvents , present in an amount of from about 45 to about 99 weight percent of the total weight of the composition , or 2. an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and', '3. a hydrocarbon solvent., '(ii) 1. an anionic surfactant comprising an amine salt of an alkyl benzene sulfonic acid, present in an amount of from about 1 to about 50 weight percent of the total weight of the composition,'}2. The pour point depressant composition of claim 1 , wherein the alpha olefin monomer comprises a C10-C40 alpha olefin monomer.3. The pour point depressant composition of claim 2 , wherein the alpha olefin monomer comprises a C20-C28 alpha olefin monomer.4. The pour point depressant composition of claim 1 , wherein the copolymer of an alpha olefin monomer and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride monomer is esterified with an acid catalyst and up to about 2 moles of an alcohol and/or glycol having from 10 and 40 carbon ...

A MULTICOMPONENT DIESEL COMPOSITION

The invention discloses novel diesel fuel compositions including a renewable diesel component, a fossil diesel component and an oxygenate component, as well as methods for manufacture and use of a combination of a renewable diesel component, and an oxygenate component for reducing particulate matter emissions. 113.-. (canceled)14. A fuel composition , comprising:a. a fossil diesel component; i. said oxygenate has a molar mass from 128 to 300 g/mol, and', [{'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2, 'R—O—R\u2003\u2003(formula 1),'}, {'sub': 1', '2', '1', '15, 'in which formula Rand Rare same or different and selected from C-Calkyl groups; and'}], 'ii. said oxygenate is of a structure], 'b. an oxygenate component in an amount from 10 vol-% to 40 vol-%, of a total fuel composition volume, whereinc. a renewable paraffinic diesel component in an amount from 10 vol-% to 30 vol-%, of the total fuel composition volume;wherein a sum amount of said oxygenate component and said renewable paraffinic diesel component is from 26 to 70 vol-%, of the total fuel composition volume.15. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein said oxygenate component is selected from symmetrical or asymmetrical straight chain monoethers claim 14 , having a molar mass from 150 to 300 g/mol.16. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein an amount of the oxygenate component is about 20 vol-% of the total fuel composition volume.17. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein said oxygenate component is selected from a group consisting of:di-n-nonyl ether, di-n-decyl ether, di-n-octyl ether, di-n-heptyl ether, di-n-pentyl ether, di-n-hexyl ether, ethyl-dodecyl ether, ethyl-undecyl ether, ethyl-decyl ether, ethyl-octyl ether, propyl-dodecyl ether, propyl-undecyl ether, propyl-decyl ether, propyl-nonyl ether, propyl-octyl ether, propyl-heptyl ether, butyl-dodecyl ether, butyl-undecyl ether, butyl-nonyl ether, butyl-heptyl ether, butyl-hexyl ether, pentyl-dodecyl ether, pentyl-undecyl ether, pentyl-nonyl ...