СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АНТИСТАТИЧЕСКОЙ ПРИСАДКИ ДЛЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ ТОПЛИВ И РАСТВОРИТЕЛЕЙ

Изобретение относится к присадкам для углеводородных топлив и растворителей. Предложен способ получения антистатической присадки для углеводородных топлив и растворителей путем взаимодействия омыленных гидроксидом натрия карбоновых кислот с солями хрома при 40-50 °С и мольном соотношении 2:1,00-1,03 в среде изопропанола, добавления алкилароматического углеводородного растворителя фракции 160-200 °С, отделения солей натрия, и проведение термообработки в среде алкилароматического углеводородного растворителя, характеризующийся тем, что термообработку проводят при температуре 80-110 °С в течение 0,75-1 часа, добавляют органический хелатирующий реагент с pKa = 8-14,8 в мольном соотношении 1:1,00-1,03 и продолжают термообработку при 100-130 °С в течение 0,5-1 часа. Технический результат – получение антистатической присадки, обеспечивающей повышение электропроводности углеводородных топлив и растворителей. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил., 1 табл., 6 пр.

Присадка для снижения потерь углеводородных топлив от испарения при их хранении и применении

Изобретение относится к нефтехимии, в частности к композициям присадок к углеводородным топливам, особенно к автомобильным бензинам. Присадка для снижения потерь бензинов от испарения при их хранении и применении содержит следующие компоненты, мас.%: полиэтиленгликоль с мол. массой 200 - 3,5; хлорид тетраметиламмония - 0,1; стеарат натрия - 3,5; 1-октанол - до 100. Также раскрыт бензин, содержащий указанную присадку в количестве 0,05-0,1 мас.%. Группа изобретений обеспечивает снижение потерь топлива от испарения при хранении и применении, а также снижение давления насыщенных паров бензина. 2 н.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 9 пр.

ИНГИБИТОРЫ КОРРОЗИИ ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВА И СМАЗОЧНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Изобретение раскрывает применение полимеров, которые статистически в среднем имеют по меньшей мере 4 кислотные группы на полимерную цепь, соотношение атомов углерода на кислотную группу от 7 до 35 и кислотное число от 80 до 320 мг КОН/г, определенное при помощи потенциографического титрования с 0,5-молярной водной соляной кислотой после трехчасового нагревания в 0,5-молярном этанольном растворе едкого калия, в качестве ингибиторов коррозии в топливах, которые имеют содержание щелочных и/или щелочно-земельных металлов и/или цинка по меньшей мере 0,1 мас.ч./млн, причем топливо представляет собой дизельное или бензиновое топливо. Также раскрывается применение полимеров в наборах присадок для снижения коррозии в дизельных и бензиновых топливах, которые имеют содержание щелочных и/или щелочно-земельных металлов и/или цинка по меньшей мере 0,1 мас.ч./млн. Технический результат заключается в снижении коррозии. 3 н. и 11 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 3 пр., 9 табл.

ПРОДУКТЫ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ПОЛИИЗОБУТЕНОВ С ОКИСЯМИ АЗОТА ИЛИ СМЕСЯМИ ОКИСЕЙ АЗОТА И КИСЛОРОДА (ЕГО ВАРИАНТЫ) И СМАЗОЧНОЕ СРЕДСТВО ИЛИ ТОПЛИВО ДЛЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ ВНУТРЕННЕГО СГОРАНИЯ НА ЕГО ОСНОВЕ (ЕГО ВАРИАНТЫ)

Описываются новые продукты взаимодействия полиизобутенов со средней степенью полимеризации Р от 10 до 100 и долей подвергающихся взаимодействию с ангидридом малеиновой кислоты двойных связей Е, равную 60 - 90%, при этом значение Е было бы равным 100%, если каждая молекула полиизобутена имела бы такую реакционноспособную двойную связь, с окисями азота или смесями окисей азота и кислорода. Указанные продукты могут найти применение в качестве присадок к топливу и смазке, а также как топливо для двигателей внутреннего сгорания и смазки. 6 с. и 10 з.п. ф-лы. 1 табл.

Топливная композиция дизельного топлива

Изобретение раскрывает топливную композицию на основе дизельной фракции, с содержанием серы менее 10 мг/кг, выкипающей в пределах 180-360°C, характеризующуюся тем, что содержит в качестве промоторов воспламенения органические перекиси, выбранные из группы: ди-трет-бутилпероксид, 1,1-ди(третбутилперокси)циклогексан, дикумилпероксид, и противоизносную присадку на основе карбоновых кислот при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: органическая перекись от 0,01 до 0,5, противоизносная присадка от 0,005 до 0,1, дизельная фракция - до 100. Технический результат - получение дизельного топлива, которое по показателям качества отвечает требованиям ГОСТ 32511-2013, ГОСТ Р 52368-2005, EN 590, ГОСТ Р 55475-2013 и TP ТС 013/2011, в том числе по смазывающей способности. 2 табл.

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ПРОТИВОИЗНОСНОЙ ПРИСАДКИ К ТОПЛИВАМ ДЛЯ ДИЗЕЛЬНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

Изобретение описывает композицию противоизносной присадки к топливу для дизельных двигателей с содержанием серы менее 10 ppm, содержащую олеиновую кислоту и антиокислительную присадку Агидол-1, в качестве олеиновой кислоты композиция содержит техническую олеиновую кислоту, представляющую собой смесь ненасыщенных жирных кислот с содержанием олеиновой кислоты 57,5-64,9 мас.%, линолевой кислоты 17,8-20,8 мас.%, линоленовой кислоты 1,2-8,2 мас.% и общим содержанием жирных кислот 97,4-98,3 мас.%, и дополнительно содержит гидроочищенный компонент топлива для дизельных двигателей при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.%: олеиновая кислота техническая 70,0-80,0; Агидол-1 0,3-0,5; гидроочищенный компонент топлива для дизельных двигателей остальное. Технический результат: получение противоизносной присадки с улучшенной смазочной способностью и стабильностью при хранении. 7 табл.

Противоизносная присадка к ультрамалосернистому топливу

Изобретение раскрывает присадку к ультрамалосернистому дизельному топливу, которая содержит углеводородный растворитель, жирные кислоты таллового масла и дополнительно жирные кислоты растительных масел следующего состава, мас.% :- жирные кислоты таллового масла - 25-75;- жирные кислоты растительного масла - 15-65;- растворитель - остальное.Технический результат - уменьшение себестоимости присадки на 40-50% и расширение ресурсов сырья для ее выработки. 11 табл.

ПРОТИВОИЗНОСНАЯ ПРИСАДКА К ТОПЛИВАМ ДЛЯ РЕАКТИВНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

Изобретение описывает противоизносную присадку к топливам для реактивных двигателей на основе карбоновых кислот, характеризующуюся тем, что она содержит олеиновую кислоту с массовой долей основного вещества не менее 99%, агидол-1 и толуол при следующем соотношении компонентов, % масс.: олеиновая кислота с массовой долей основного вещества не менее 99% - 60,0-80,0, агидол-1 - 1,0-2,0, толуол - остальное. Технический результат заключается в расширении номенклатурного ряда присадок, улучшающих противоизносные свойства и не ухудшающих эксплуатационные и физико-химические свойства топлив для реактивных двигателей, на отечественной сырьевой базе при невысоких затратах на их производство. 3 табл.

ИНГИБИТОРЫ КОРРОЗИИ ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВ И СМАЗОЧНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

ПОЛИМЕРЫ И АДДИТИВНЫЕ КОМПОЗИЦИИ

Гомополимеры или сополимеры, полученные из одного или большего числа альфа-олефинов, имеющих среднечисленную мол. м. до 15000 и изотактичность 75% или выше, и их применение в качестве присадок, улучшающих холодное течение в сырой нефти, нефтяных топливах или смазочных маслах.

ÖLZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN

Polyetheramidzusatz enthaltende Kohlenwasserstoffzusammensetzungen

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OIL-SOLUBLE METAL SALTS

FUEL OIL ADDITIVES

... 1377927 Fuel additive DREW CHEMICAL CORP 6 April 1973 [10 April 1972] 16669/73 Heading C5G An additive for vanadium-containing fuel oils comprises (a) a fuel oil-soluble compound of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sr, Ba or mixture thereof, and (b) a fuel oil-soluble compound of Zr or Ti, the components (a) and (b) being present in an amount to provide a weight ratio of Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sr, Ba or mixtures thereof to Zr or Ti of from 2 : 1 to 15 : 1. A large number of compounds are given including the sulphonates, carboxylic acid salts, carbonyls, phenates, metalloporphyrines and metallocenes. The components (a) and (b) are dissolved in a liquid oil carrier and added to the fuel, e.g. marine diesel fuel, which also contain amines as stabilizers.

Fuel composition

A fuel composition, suitable for use in vapourizer-type I.C engines, comprises a major proportion of a mineral oil distillate boiling between 140 and 260 DEG C., and a neutral oil-soluble salt of a carboxylic acid and a Group II(b) or Group VI metal, wherein the metal is present in an amount of 10-3 to 10-5 per cent based on the total fuel. Metals specified are chromium, molybdenum and zinc. The carboxylic acid may have 12 or more carbon atoms. Salts referred to are resinates, petroleum naphthenates, oleates, stearates, palmitates and salts of tall oil acids; zinc petroleum naphthenate is specified. Fuels referred to are a mixture of kerosine and heavy catalytically cracked naphtha and a mixture of heavy virgin naphtha, catalytically cracked components and SO2 extract. Dyes, antioxidants, thin lubricating oils and antidetonants such as tetraethyl lead may be added to the fuel. The Provisional Specification refers also to the use of an oil-soluble salt of an organic acid and a Group II metal ...

Compositions and methods

FUEL ADDITIVES

Combustion treatment

A method comprises the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, or a precursor thereof, in a fuel or a combustion process in order to treat or modify the fuel of the combustion process. The method includes introducing titanium dioxide nanoparticles, or a precursor thereof, into at least one of the fuel, the fuel and/or air for the combustion process, a combustion apparatus of the combustion process or the combustion emissions of the combustion process. An additive, for use in the above method, includes titanium dioxide nanoparticles. A further method comprises providing a photocatalyst, or a precursor thereof, in a combustion process. The photocatalyst comprises nanoparticles of a semiconductor material having a band gap suitable for absorption of UV and/or visible light, and when the combustion emissions are released into the environment the photocatalyst nanoparticles are carried with the emissions and result in a catalytic reaction that reduces the amount of pollutants in the emissions ...

Compositions and methods

Biofuels

SMOKE SUPPRESSANT COMPOSITIONS FOR PETROLEUM FUELS

... 1,274,060. Liquid fuel. CITIES SERVICE OIL CO. 25 Nov., 1969 [26 Nov., 1968], No. 57645/69. Heading C5G. A smoke suppressant composition for addition to liquid hydrocarbon fuels (e.g. Diesel fuels) comprises (a) an ether; (b) a Group IIa metal salt of an organic carboxylic acid; (c) a Group IIb metal salt of an organic carboxylic; acid and (d ) a Group IIa metal sulphonate. The fuels may contain the components in amounts: (a) 0À05-5 wt. per cent; (b) and (c) 0À05-5wt. per cent; and (d) 0À05-1 wt. per cent. The ether may be aliphatic or aromatic, a polyol ether or heterocyclic ether. Compounds used in the examples are: (a) monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol or 1 methoxy-2-propanol (b) Ba-2-ethyl hexanoate (c) Zn. 2-ethyl hexanoate (d) Ba alkaryl sulpnon- ates.

POLYMERS AND ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS

Improvements in or relating to lubricants

A lubricant consists essentially of a lubricating-oil having dispersed therein between ,05 and 1 per cent by weight of an aromatic compound containing a nuclear hydroxy or ether group and a nuclear tertiary alkyl substituent. The aromatic compound may be phenol, a homologue thereof, or an aromatic-aliphatic ether, containing a nuclear tertiary alkyl substituent, e.g. tertiary butyl cresol or the ethyl ether thereof.

FUEL ADDITIVES ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD OF EMPLOYING SAME TO PREVENT CORROSION OF METAL SURFACES IN CONTACT WITH HOT GASEOUS COMBUSTION PRODUCTS

Improvements in or relating to fuels for gas turbine engines and improved method of operating gas turbine engines

A fuel for gas turbine engines comprises a vanadium-containing petroleum residue fraction and a minor proportion of an aluminium salt of an organic acid, this salt being soluble in the petroleum residue fraction. The petroleum residue fraction may be a furnace oil and the amount of aluminium salt may be such that the fuel contains up to 3 per cent of aluminium. The presence of the aluminium salt prevents or minimizes the build-up of inorganic deposits or formation of scale on the turbine blades and other parts of the engine and thereby prevtnts or minimizes corrosion. The aluminium salt may be a salt of fatty or naphthenic acids, particularly of (a) stearic acid, (b) fatty acids (e.g. ethylhexoic and isononanoic acids), obtained by oxidation of higher aldehydes produced by the oxo reaction using, as oxo feedstock, petroleum olefins or olefin polymers such as diisobutylene, or (c) fatty acids obtained by the partial oxidation of paraffin hydrocarbons. According to the Provisional Specification ...

Compositions and methods

IMPROVED FUEL ADDITIVES

The use as an additive for wax containing distillate fuel of a compound containing at least 2 substituent groups and having a spacing and configuration such that they may occupy the positions of wax molecules in the intersection of the (001) plane and the (110) and/or (111) planes in crystals of the wax, the substituent groups being alkyl, alkoxy alkyl or polyalkoxy alkyl having at least 10 atoms in the main chain.

Compositions and methods and uses relating thereto

Fuel for advance vapour phase combustion.

Cold high energy fuel compositions for jet, turbine, diesel and gasoline combustion engines. The fuel comprises EHS (Enhanced Combustion Structure) compounds and a combustion-improving amount of fuel soluble metallic compounds of high heating value. The EHS compounds have a latent heat of evaporation of at least 21 kJ/mol at boiling point and a laminar Bunsen flame velocity of at least 40 cm/sec. The combustion-improving fuel of soluble metallic compounds has a heating value of at least 5000 Kcal/kg ...

Unleaded MMT fuel compositions

Unleaded mmt fuel compositions

Unleaded MMT fuel compositions

USE OF ADDITIVE AUXILIARY COMPOSITIONS IN DIESEL FUELS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF PARTICLE FILTERS

USE OF KALTFLIESSVERBESSERERN IN FUEL COMPOSITIONS

TREIBSTOFF, INSBESONDERE FUER VERBRENNUNGSKRAFTMASCHINEN, ADDITIV-SYSTEM UND VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG DES TREIBSTOFFES

USE FROM ORGANOFUNKTIONELL MODIFIED POLYSILOXANEN TO THE ENTSCHÄUMEN OF DIESEL FUEL

OIL AND FUEL OIL COMPOSITIONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE SELECTIVE NON--CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF THE EMISSION OF POLLUTANTS FROM OIL-BEACONED BOILER PLANTS

FUELS FOR PETROL ENGINES

USE OF MIXTURES FROM RARE GROUND CONNECTION, AROUND FUELS FOR DIESEL ENGINES TO STABILIZATION.

IMPROVED FUEL ADDITIVES

FUEL OIL PRODUCTS.

FUEL MIXTURES

BRENNSTOFFABRIKATE.

PROCEDURE FUER THE PRODUCTION OF STABLE OELIGEN COMPOSITIONS.

FUEL OIL PRODUCTS

ADDITIVE AND FUEL COMPOSITIONS

USE OF AN ADDITIVE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE LUBRICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF A FUEL WITH LOW SULPHUR CONTENT FOR DIESEL ENGINES

METHOD FOR THE REDUCTION OF THE POLLUTANT OUTPUT FROM A WITH A CASE OF PARTICLE PROVIDED DIESEL ENGINE

FUEL ADDITIVES

Molecular tags for organic solvent systems

Method of oxidizing soot and reducing soot accumulation in a diesel fuel combustion after treatment system

Additives to reduce metal pick-up in fuels

Liquid fuel compositions

Fuel oil compositions

Additives and fuel oil compositions

Additives and fuel oil compositions

Additives designed to improve fuel quality in reciprocating internal combustion engines

Composition for control of induction system deposits

Additives and fuel oil compositions

OIL SOLUBLE SCAVENGERS FOR SULFIDES AND MERCAPTANS

This invention provides oil soluble sulfhydryl compound scavengers which are salt compositions of the formula: M n+ (R-CO2-)x(OH)n-x wherein M is a metal ion whose sulfide salt is less than 0.1 % soluble in water, n is 2 or 3, x is an integer from 1 to n, and R a hydrocarbyl radical containing from about 4 to about 19 carbon atoms, or mixture of these compositions. A method is also provided to control odors produced by sulfhydryl compounds wherein the compositions containing the said sulflrydryl compounds are contacted with the metal salts described above.

METHODS OF CONTROLLING SULFUR TRIOXIDE LEVELS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

The present invention relates methods of operating internal combustion engines and particularly marine diesel engines that result in reduced levels of sulfur trioxide, and similar corrosive and/or harmful byproducts of combustion. The present invention allows for the use of a lower TBN engine lubricant with a fuel of given sulfur and/or the use of a higher sulfur content fuel with an engine lubricant of a given TBN content than would otherwise be possible, without risking corrosive damage to engine.

OIL SOLUBLE HIGH METAL CONTENT TRANSITIONAL METAL ORGANIC OXY, HYDROXY COMPLEXES

Metallo-organic compositions soluble in oils and hydrocarbon solvents, of a high transitional metal content and highly overbased character, are prepared from sources of transitional metals (or of transitional in conjunction with non-transitional metals) reacted with mixed organic acids comprising at least one monocarboxylic acid and a second acid, either a sulfonic acid or a different molecular weight monocarboxylic acid. Formation of the complexes requires the use of excesses of metal over acids, and the use of an oxygensupplying material such as air, regardless of whether the metal source be a free metal, an oxide or a hydroxide. Alkoxyalkanols or glycols may be used in addition to the required acids. These compositions comprise (1) a polynuclear core of a normally insoluble metal oxide or hydroxide which is crystalline by X-ray and electron diffraction observation, with metal hydroxyl carboxylate groups (and when present, sulfonate or alkoxyalkanol or glycol groups) ionically and hydrogen ...

MIDDLE DISTILLATE COMPOSITIONS OF IMPROVED FILTERABILITY

METHOD OF OXIDIZING SOOT AND REDUCING SOOT ACCUMULATION IN A DIESEL FUEL COMBUSTION AFTER TREATMENT SYSTEM

A method of reducing the negative effects of accumulation of ash in a diesel fuel combustion system includes supplying a diesel fuel having an additive that includes a manganese compound to a diesel fuel combustion system. The combustion system includes a catalyzed diesel particulate filter or, alternatively, a continuously regenerating technology diesel particulate filter. The fuel is then combusted in the combustion system to product at least one byproduct that includes the manganese compound. The manganese compound is supplied in an amount effective to complex with the combustion byproduct.

ORGANOSOLUBLE SALTS OF MANGANESE, PROCESS OF PREPARATION OF SAME, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, LIQUID FUELS, PAINTS AND VARNISHES CONTAINING SAID SALTS

AQUEOUS ADDITIVES IN HYDROCARBONACEOUS FUEL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS

An aqueous additive containing a metal compound is used to improve the operation of combustion exhaust after treatment systems. The additive is introduced into the combustion chamber as part of an emulsion with the fuel or, alternatively, in the emulsion or alone as an aqueous stream introduced into the exhaust or emission path. The metal compound scavenges combustion byproducts in order to protect and make more efficient the after treatment system.

FUEL ADDITIVES

An additive composition comprises at least one colloidal metal compound or metallic species and a stabilising component, wherein the stabilising component comprises the product obtainable by the condensation reaction between: (i) at least one aldehyde or ketone or reactive equivalent thereof, and (ii) at least one compound comprising one or more aromatic moieties bearing at least one hydroxyl group and at least one further substituent chosen from a hydrocarbyl group, -COOR1 or COR1, wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group. The composition may further include at least one lubricity enhancer.

MIDDLE DISTILLATE COMPOSITIONS OF IMPROVED FILTERABILITY

FUEL OIL COMPOSITIONS

This invention relates to fuel oil, especially middle distillate fuel oil, compositions comprising middle distillate fuel oil and incorporated therein an additive composition comprising (a) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel- dispersible neutral alkaline earth metal compound and/or at least one fuel- soluble or fuel-dispersible neutral alkali metal compound, and (b) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible transition metal compound, characterised in that the fuel oil composition contains at most 0.05 mass% of sulfur, the total metal content derived from (a) and (b) in the fuel oil composition is at most 50 ppm by mass, and the mass proportion of (a) to (b), based on metal content, is in the range of from 1:99 to 99:1.

OIL SOLUBLE SCAVENGERS FOR SULFIDES AND MERCAPTANS

This invention provides oil soluble sulfhydryl compound scavengers which are salt compositions of the formula: M n+ (R-CO2-)x(OH) n-x wherein M is a metal ion whose sulfide salt is less than 0.1 % soluble in water, n is 2 or 3, x is an integer from 1 to n, and R a hydrocarbyl radical containing from about 4 to about 19 carbon atoms, or mixture of these compositions. A method is also provided to control odors produced by sulfhydryl compounds wherein the compositions containing the said sulfhydryl compounds are contacted with the metal salts described above.

DELIVERING MOLYBDENUM FROM A LUBRICANT SOURCE INTO A FUEL COMBUSTION SYSTEM

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for delivering molybdenum from a lubricant source into a fuel combustion system or to the exhaust therefrom. By the present invention, molybdenum from the lubricant or the fuel will interact with phosphorus, sulfur, and/or lead from the combustion products. In this manner, the molybdenum scavenges or inactivates harmful materials which have migrated into the fuel or combustion products, and which can otherwise poison catalytic converters, sensors and/or automotive on- board diagnostic devices. The present invention can also lead to improved durability of exhaust after treatment systems.

CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The invention relates to uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants.

ADDITIVES AND FUEL COMPOSITIONS

... 2128020 9314178 PCTABS00024 An additive composition for improving the cold flow properties of crude oils or fuel oils such as middle distillate fuel oils comprises an addition product or condensate cold flow improver additive in combination with a demulsifier.

ALKOXYLATED POLYETHERDIAMINES, PREPARATION THEREOF, AND GASOLINES CONTAINING SAME

O.Z. 0050/42052 Novel alkoxylated polyetherdiamines are useful as gasoline additives, for keeping carburetors and valves clean, and as lubricant additives.

REACTION PRODUCTS OF POLYOLEFINS WITH VINYL ESTERS AND THEIRUSE AS FUEL AND LUBRICANT ADDITIVES

Reaction products of polyolefins having predominantly a terminal double bond and a number average molecular weight of from 250 to 10,000, which possess all aliphatic hydrocarbon skeleton which is straight-chain or carries C1-C4-alkyl side chains, with from 1 to 10 mol, per equivalent of double bond, of one or more vinyl esters I (I) are obtainable by reacting the stated polyolefins with the vinyl esters I in the presence of a free radical initiator at from 80 to 200.degree.C, it being possible for these reaction products subsequently to have been hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols or converted into the corresponding amines by reductive amination with amines II (II) ...

FUEL BLENDS

A fuel blend composition including a hydrocarbon liquid as defined, up to 20 % of the total composition of ethanol and/or n-propanol and up to 15 % by volume of the total composition of a fatty acid and/or org anic ester.

ADDITIVES AND FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Dispersant, lubricity, cetane improver and/or anti-foam additives ace used i n combination with copolymeric ethylene flow improver additives to enhance the cold flow properties of fuel oils.

FUELS FOR GASOLINE ENGINES

UNLEADED MMT FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Cold high energy fuel compositions for jet, turbine, diesel, fuel oil, and gasoline combustion systems. More particularly, relates to fuels comprised of enhanced combustion structure.

OIL ADDITIVES AND COMPOSITIONS

Oil-soluble polar nitrogen components are used in combination with fuel oil antifoams to control foaming in fuel oils.

OIL ADDITIVES AND COMPOSITIONS

Oil-soluble polar nitrogen components are used in combination with fuel oil antifoams to control foaming in fuel oils.

REACTION PRODUCTS OF POLYISOBUTYLENES AND NITROGEN OXIDES ORMIXTURES OF NITROGEN OXIDES AND OXYGEN AND THEIR USE AS FUEL AND LUBRICANT ADDITIVES

The invention concerns reaction products of polyisobutylenes having an avera ge polymerisation degree P of 10 to 100 and a proportion E of 60 to 90 % of double bonds which can be reacted with maleic acid anhydride, E corresponding to 100 % of the calculated theoretical value if each polyisobutylene molecule has a reactive double bon d of this type, with nitrogen oxides or mixtures of nitrogen oxides and oxygen. These reacti on products are suitable as fuel additives, in particular for spark-ignition engines, and a lubricant additives.

FUEL ADDITIVES

The emission of particulates and unburnt hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas emissions from liquid hydrocarbon fuels, especially diesel fuels and fuel oils is reduced by incorporating into the fuel an effective amount of an oil-soluble alkali, alkaline earth or rare earth complex of the formula: M(R)m.nL where M is the metal cation of valency m, R is the residue of an organic compound RH containing an active hydrocarbon atom, preferably a .beta.-diketone, n is an integer usually 1, 2, 3 or 4, and L is an organic donor ligand molecule (Lewis base).

Verfahren zur Verminderung von Zerstörungen in der schützenden Oxydschicht von Metallteilen durch Verbrennungsgase.

Motortreibstoff

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Proteingespinsten

Verfahren zum Vermindern störender Wirkungen von Verbrennungsprodukten.

Combustibles à base d'hydrocarbures

Composition à base d'huile combustible

Procédé d'usinage d'un métal et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé

Kraftstoff für Kompressionsbrennkraftmaschinen

Verfahren zur Verhinderung der Innenkorrosion von Lagerbehältern und Transportleitungen für flüssige Kohlenwasserstoffe und Mittel zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Schmieröl

Aus Kohlenwasserstoffen bestehender flüssiger Kraftstoff mit einem geringen Gehalt an im Kraftstoff gelösten Komplexsalzen

Dieseltreibstoff

PREPARATION FOR MIXTURE WITH FUELS OR VERBRENNUNGSPRODUKTEN.

Fuel additive composition containing aromatic esters of polyalkyl phenoxyalkanols and poly(oxyalkylene) amines

Ethanol/fuel blends for use as motor fuels

An ethanol/fuel blend composition. The ethanol/fuel blend composition includes an ethanol composition including at least 92 wt. % ethanol, and from 95 wppm to 1,000 wppm isopropanol and a fuel.

Low-carbon high-hydrogen fuels

A low-carbon high-hydrogen fuel: which comprises a combination of additives, base oil, diesel fuel.

High lubricity fuel reformulation to increase mileage and reduce emissions

A fuel additive imparting high lubricity to gasoline and diesel fuels while concurrently increasing miles and reducing emissions. The fuel additive is formed of a plurality of individual components having individual and a combined synergistic effect along with components increasing fuel lubricity which are mixed with a liquid fuel-soluble carrier and added to the fuel supply of internal combustion engines.

Nano-sized zinc oxide particles for fuel

A fuel composition contains a liquid fuel and a specific amount of nano-sized zinc oxide particles and a surfactant that does not contain sulfur atoms. The nano-sized zinc oxide particles can be used to either improve combustion or increase catalytic chemical oxidation of fuel.

Fuel additives to maintain optimum injector performance

A diesel fuel additive package, diesel fuel containing the additive and methods for operating an engine on the diesel fuel and additive. The fuel additive includes a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The reaction product contains at least one amino triazole group. Component (2) of the additive is a hydrocarbyl succinimide dispersant. The additive also includes (3) a C 2 to C 10 alkyl alcohol; and (4) optionally, a lubricity additive. In the additive, a weight ratio of component (1) to component (2) in the fuel ranges from about 1:3 to about 1:5.

Natural antimicrobial compositions

The present invention provides novel antimicrobial compositions. In one embodiment, the antimicrobial composition comprises an antimicrobial effective amount of a mixture comprising (a) two or more fatty acids, each of which is natural or naturally derived, and (b) at least one of (i) a natural or naturally derived product, (ii) an alcoholic solvent, or (iii) an organic acid or a salt thereof. The present invention also provides a product comprising a preservative effective amount of the aforementioned mixture.

Fuel composition comprising a nitrogen-containing compound

A fuel additive concentrate comprising at least one aryl amine; and at least one metal-containing compound is disclosed. In an aspect, the fuel additive concentrate can be synergistic. Fuel composition comprising the fuel additive concentration and methods of combusting the fuel composition are also disclosed. Moreover, methods of enhancing research octane number, increasing fuel economy, and reducing the carbon footprint of a vehicle are also disclosed.

Process for operating a utility boiler and methods therefor

A process for operating a utility boiler. The process has the following steps: (a) providing fuel to the boiler; (b) providing one or more additives selected from the group consisting of (i) one or more slag control agents, (ii) one or more oxygen-generating agents, (iii) one or more acid mitigation agents, (iv) one or more fouling prevention agents, (v) one or more oxidizer agents, (vi) one or more heavy metal capturing agents, and (vii) any combination of the foregoing to the boiler or an auxiliary device thereof; (c) providing air to the boiler; (d) burning the fuel in the boiler to generate heat and an exhaust gas; (e) intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more physical and/or chemical parameters of the fuel and/or intermittently or continuously monitoring one or more emissions variables of the exhaust gas to obtain one or more values therefor; and (f) varying or maintaining the rate at which either or both of the fuel and the one or more additives are provided to the boiler based on the one or more values obtained.

Fuel additive for improved performance of low sulfur diesel fuels

A diesel fuel, diesel fuel additive concentrate and method for improving the performance of fuel injectors for a diesel engine are provided. The diesel fuel includes a major amount of middle distillate fuel having a sulfur content of 15 ppm by weight or less; and a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R 1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms, wherein the reaction product contains less than one equivalent of an amino triazole group per molecule of reaction product, and wherein the reaction product is present in an amount sufficient to improve the performance of diesel direct and/or indirect fuel injectors.

Liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression

A liquid fuel composition includes alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, the liquid fuel composition being for ignition by compression. Various examples pertain to a liquid fuel composition with alcohols of four carbon atoms and additives, with ignition by compression to a diesel cycle fuel engine where the fuel can be able to be produced by means of biotechnology from renewable biologic source, including processes of fermentation of sugars or materials available on sugar and ethanol plants. As an example, a produced fuel can be used conventionally as replacement of diesel in urban transportation vehicles or roads and can be an alternative to diesel fuel. The composition can be employed alone or mixed to fossil diesel oil (e.g., in the engine, etc.).

Fuel and combustible mixture used as a substitute for fossil fuels in thermoelectric power plants, industrial and central heating furnaces

Present Invention discloses new combustible mixture and fuel, which during burning releases energy 15 times greater than that of lignite and 4-5 times than that of coke. The combustible mixture consists of the liquid and solid phases, where the solid phase comprises: aluminium powder; at least one M 1 X 2 , where M 1 can be any metal in oxidation state +2, and X can be any halogen; M 2 CO 3 , where M 2 can be any two-valent metal; zinc ammonia chloride, SiO 2 in the form of quartz sand; and quick lime; whereas the liquid matter comprises: at least one C 1 to C 6 carboxylic acid, or at least one anhydride of the mentioned carboxylic acids, or at least one its ester or amide; methylcellulose; and formaldehyde, or its commercially accessible solution—formalin; and water. Fuel is made when the combustible mixture is hermetically closed in a container. The Invention also presents both the energy production method and the use of the invented fuel

Methods and Compositions That Provide Detergency

The present invention relates to methods of fueling an internal combustion engine, and composition, that provide improved nitrogen-free detergency in the engine, particularly in the area of injector deposit control. The present invention also provides methods of providing both improved detergency and improved corrosion inhibition, while avoiding compatibility problems with fuels and/or while limiting the amount of nitrogen delivered to the fuel from the deposit control additive. 1. A method of providing improved detergency in the fuel system of an direct injection diesel engine wherein the method comprises the steps of:I. adding to the fuel composition a nitrogen-free additive comprising a substituted hydrocarbon with at least two carboxy functionalities in the form of acids or at least one carboxy functionality in the form an anhydride; andII. supplying said fuel composition to an internal combustion engine.2. The method of wherein the method provides a combination of improved detergency and improved corrosion inhibition.3. The method of any preceding claim wherein the nitrogen free additive is selected from the group consisting of:(a) hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides;(b) hydrolyzed hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides;(c) combinations thereof.4. The method of any preceding claim wherein the substituted hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent with di-acid functionality.5. The method of wherein the hydrocarbyl group of the substituted acylating agent comprises a polyisobutylene group.6. The method of wherein the hydrocarbyl group of the substituted acylating agent is derived from a hydrocarbon which has a number average molecular weight from 500 to 2000.7. The method of any preceding claim wherein the fuel composition further comprises less than 1 claim 4 ,000 ppm of any basic nitrogen and/or amine nitrogen containing fuel detergent additives.8. The method of any preceding claim wherein the fuel composition further comprises: an ...

LIQUID COMPOSITIONS FOR MARKING LIQUID HYDROCARBON MOTOR FUELS AND OTHER FUELS, MOTOR FUELS AND OTHER FUELS CONTAINING THEM AND PROCESS FOR DETECTING THE MARKERS

The present disclosure includes liquid compositions that can be used for marking liquid hydrocarbon-based fuels and combustibles; these compositions include at least one marker, one or more solvents and, optionally, one or more functional additives other than the markers. The disclosure also includes a process for qualitative and quantitative detection of these markers present in a liquid hydrocarbon-based composition. 1. A liquid composition comprising: tricyclodecenyl isobutyrate (3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methano-1h-inden-5 (or 6)-yl) (CAS 67634-20-2);', 'tricyclodecenyl propionate (CAS 17511-60-3);', 'cis-3-hexenyl acetate (CAS 3681-71-8);', 'ethyl linalool (CAS 10339-55-6);', 'prenyl acetate (CAS 1191-16-8);', 'ethyl myristate (CAS 124-06-1);', 'para-tert-butylcyclohexyl acetate (CAS 32210-23-4);', 'butyl acetate (CAS 123-86-4);', 'tricyclodecenyl acetate (4,7-methano-1h-inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-) (CAS 5413-60-5);', 'ethyl caprate(CAS 110-38-3); and, '(a) at least one marker, chosen from the following aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds;'}(b) [[b)]] a solvent or a mixture of solvents.2. The liquid composition according to for use to mark motor fuels and other liquid hydrocarbon fuels in which it is incorporated.3. Motor fuels or liquid hydrocarbon fuels comprising: tricyclodecenyl isobutyrate (3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methano-1h-inden-5 (or 6)-yl) (CAS 67634-20-2);', 'tricyclodecenyl propionate (CAS 17511-60-3);', 'cis-3-hexenyl acetate (CAS 3681-71-8);', 'ethyl linalool (CAS 10339-55-6);', 'prenyl acetate (CAS 1191-16-8);', 'ethyl myristate (CAS 124-06-1);', 'para-tent-butylcyclohexyl acetate (CAS 32210-23-4);', 'butyl acetate (CAS 123-86-4);', 'tricyclodecenyl acetate (4,7-methano-1h-inden-6-ol, 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-) (CAS 5413-60-5);', 'ethyl caprate(CAS 110-38-3); and, '(a) at least one marker, chosen from the following aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compounds(b) a solvent or a mixture of solvents.4. A process for the qualitative detection ...

Fuel additive for heavy oil, and fuel oil comprising same

Provided in a fuel additive for heavy oil, made using a composition comprising: an oil-soluble metallic compound containing any one metal selected from calcium, barium, manganese, and iron; alcohol; hydrotreated light distillate; paraffin (kerosene); mineral oil; and a nonionic surfactant. The fuel additive for heavy oil, when added in a small amount to a heavy oil, can lower the kinematic viscosity and the flash point of the heavy oil, minimize the occurrence of a residual carbon fraction, dust, a sulfur fraction, or the like, increase the caloric value of the heavy oil, and improve the combustion efficiency during the combustion of the heavy oil.

Use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid and a nitrogen compound to reduce fuel consumption

The use of the reaction product formed from a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof and a nitrogen compound I or a salt thereof as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in gasoline engines.

CONTINUOUS FRACTIONATION OF CRUDE TALL OIL TO REFINED TALL DIESEL

The present invention describes a process for continuous fractionation of CTO (crude tall oil) to RTD (refined tall diesel), said process comprising:—when removing a stream of TOP (tall oil pitch) the CTO is fed through at least two evaporation zones arranged in series so that one stream of CTO is fed from a first evaporation zone to a second evaporation zone, wherein a TOP stream is produced and fed from the second evaporation zone, wherein a first vapor stream is produced within the first evaporation zone and a second vapor stream is produced within the second evaporation zone and wherein there is a temperature difference of at least 10° C. between the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream; and—feeding the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream into a subsequent fractionation column to produce a stream of RTD from the fractionation column, wherein the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream are being fed to different positions, relative to the column height, in the fractionation column, where different conditions are applied to ensure suitable fractionations of a more fatty acid rich material and a more rosin rich material, respectively, and which different positions in the fractionation column are separated by packing means. 1. Process for continuous fractionation of CTO (crude tall oil) to RTD (refined tall diesel) , said process comprising:when removing a stream of TOP (tall oil pitch) the CTO is fed through at least two evaporation zones arranged in series so that one stream of CTO is fed from a first evaporation zone to a second evaporation zone, wherein a TOP stream is produced and fed from the second evaporation zone, wherein a first vapor stream is produced within the first evaporation zone and a second vapor stream is produced within the second evaporation zone and wherein there is a temperature difference of at least 10° C. between the first vapor stream and the second vapor stream; andfeeding the first vapor stream and the second ...

Formulation of a new diesel fuel suitable for diesel engines

The new fuel conceived for diesel engines is formulated using one part of standard diesel fuel and two groups of components with different characteristic rating. The first group is composed by reformulated chemicals, while the second group in made by a blend of vegetal oils properly balanced. The fuel obtained with this formulation has a better thermodynamic performance and allows an appreciable reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and particulate matter (PT) output which are, respectively, approximately 50% and 60% lower

Butanol Purification

Provided are methods for removing one or more components from a butanol based composition. The methods comprise providing a butanol based composition comprising one or more components, targeting at least one component or a combination thereof for reduction, and processing said butanol based composition such that the at least one targeted component is substantially removed. The butanol based composition can, for example, be bio-produced. 125-. (canceled).26. A method for removing one or more components from a butanol based composition , the method comprising:a) providing a butanol based composition comprising one or more of the following components or combinations thereof: an acid, water, an alcohol, an aldehyde, a salt, a ketone, and an ester;b) targeting at least one component or a combination thereof for reduction; andc) processing said butanol based composition such that the at least one targeted component is substantially removed,wherein the targeted component is an acid and said processing step comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base, a resin, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is water and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a desiccant, a molecular sieve, a base, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is an alcohol and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base,wherein the targeted component is an aldehyde and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base, a resin, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is a salt and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base, an anion exchange resin, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is a ketone and said processing comprises contacting the butanol based composition with a base, a resin, or a combination thereof,wherein the targeted component is an ester and said processing comprises ...

Composition and method for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition in spark-ignited internal combustion engines

R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from hydrogen, aromatic ring, and a C1-C20 alkyl group and R5 is hydrogen or an alcohol having the structure —(CH)R6—OH. R6 is hydrogen, a C1-C10 alkyl group, or a C1-C10 alkenyl group, or a salt thereof.

METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS THAT PROVIDE DETERGENCY

The present invention relates to methods of fueling an internal combustion engine, and composition, that provide improved nitrogen-free detergency in the engine, particularly in the area of injector deposit control. The present invention also provides methods of providing both improved detergency and improved corrosion inhibition, while avoiding compatibility problems with fuels and/or while limiting the amount of nitrogen delivered to the fuel from the deposit control additive. 1. A fuel composition comprising:(a) a fuel; (i) hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides;', '(ii) hydrolyzed hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides; or', '(iii) combinations thereof; and, '(b) a nitrogen-free additive comprising at least one of'}(c) at least one nitrogen-containing dispersant.2. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein said nitrogen-free additive comprises (b) hydrolyzed hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides.3. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the substituted hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent with di-acid functionality.4. The fuel composition of claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbyl group of the substituted acylating agent is derived from a hydrocarbon which has a number average molecular weight (M) of at least about 300.5. The fuel composition of claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbyl group of the substituted acylating agent comprises a polyisobutylene group.6. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein said nitrogen-containing dispersant comprises a succinimide dispersant.7. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein said nitrogen-containing dispersant comprises a Mannich base.8. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein said nitrogen-containing dispersant comprises a quaternary salt.9. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition comprises less than 5 claim 1 ,000 ppm of said nitrogen-containing dispersant.10. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the fuel composition comprises diesel fuel claim 1 , biodiesel or ...

FUEL COMPOSITION AS LUBRICITY IMPROVER AND METHOD THEREOF

The present disclosure provides a fuel composition for improving the lubricity property. Further provided is a process for preparation of the composition. 1. A fuel composition imparting a lubricant property , the fuel composition comprising:a fuel; andan additive comprising: at least one unsaturated fatty acid and at least one saturated fatty acid;wherein the ratio of the saturated fatty acid and the unsaturated fatty acid is in the range of 85:15 to 95:5.2. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fuel has a sulphur concentration less than 50 ppm.3. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the saturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid claim 1 , decanoic acid claim 1 , octanoic acid claim 1 , heptonoic acid claim 1 , nonanoic acid claim 1 , undecanoic acid claim 1 , do-decanoic acid claim 1 , heptadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid.4. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of oleic acid claim 1 , linoleic acid claim 1 , linolenic acid claim 1 , myristoleic acid claim 1 , palmitoleic acid claim 1 , sapienic acid claim 1 , elaidic acid claim 1 , vaccenic acid claim 1 , arachidonic acid claim 1 , and erucic acid.5. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid wt % is in the range of 85 to 95% w/w with respect to the additive.6. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the saturated fatty acid wt % is in the range of 5 to 15% w/w with respect to the additive.7. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , optionally comprises a fatty acidof Formula RCOOH in which R represents an alkyl alkenyl group with 10 to 20 carbon atoms with a wt % in the range of 0.1 to 10% with respect to the composition.8. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the additive concentration is in the range of 50 to 150 ppm by weight of the fuel.9. The fuel composition as claimed in claim 1 , ...

Reduced RVP Oxygenated Gasoline Composition and Method

Compositions of oxygenated gasolines are disclosed that have reduced vapor pressure compared to those containing a single oxygenate and no RVP reducing compound. Such compositions can be formed at a refinery or at a terminal. Methods of reducing vapor pressure of an oxygenated gasoline are disclosed and methods of reducing vapor pressure constraints upon a refinery in the production of oxygenated gasoline are disclosed. Fundamental properties of RVP reducing compounds are disclosed including IR spectrum analysis. Processes and methods for blending and distributing these fuels are also disclosed. 1. A gasoline composition comprising:a gasoline blend stock;an oxygenate selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ketones, esters, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, ethers, ether alcohols, and poly alcohols present at from about one percent (1%) to about ten percent (10%) by volume to form a gasoline-oxygenate blend; andisobutanol produced from biomass present at from about one percent (1%) to about five percent (5%) by volume to form a gasoline-oxygenate-isobutanol blend, wherein the difference between the infrared absorbance spectrum of the gasoline-oxygenate blend and the infrared absorbance spectrum of the gasoline-oxygenate-isobutanol blend falls within a ratio corresponding to a predetermined Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) value limit.2. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the isobutanol has a RVP blend value less than about zero point zero pounds per square inch (0.0 psi).3. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the gasoline-oxygenate blend's RVP value is at least about six point nine pounds per square inch (6.9 psi).4. The gasoline composition of claim 1 , wherein the gasoline-oxygenate blend has a normalized relative absorbance greater than about zero point zero five (0.05).5. The gasoline composition of claim 4 , wherein the gasoline-oxygenate-isobutanol blend has a normalized relative absorbance less than about zero point four five (0.045).6. The ...

USE OF A HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED DICARBOXYLIC ACID FOR IMPROVING OR BOOSTING THE SEPARATION OF WATER FROM FUEL OILS AND GASOLINE FUELS

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents. 1. A method of improving separation of water from a fuel oil or a gasoline fuel , the method comprising:contacting (A) a polyisobutenylsuccinic acid having a polyisobutenyl substituent comprising 32 to 100 carbon atoms with a fuel oil or a gasoline fuel comprising(B) at least one nitrogen compound quaternized in the presence of an acid or in an acid-free manner, obtained by addition of a compound comprising at least one oxygen- or nitrogen-containing group reactive with an anhydride and additionally at least one quaternizable amino group onto a polycarboxylic anhydride compound and subsequent quaternization, as an additive with a detergent action, and(C) as an additive component, an alkoxylation copolymer comprising at least one alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide, and other oxides, as a dehazer.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide ethylene oxide.3. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide propylene oxide.4. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide butylene oxide.5. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide styrene oxide.6. The method of claim 1 , comprising as alkylene oxide an epoxy based resin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil further comprises as an additive component (D) at least one cetane number improver.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel oil consists of:(a) 0.1 to 100% by weight of at least one biofuel oil based on one or more fatty acid esters, and(b) 0 to 99.9% by weight of one or more middle distillates of fossil origin and/or ...

LUBRICITY ADDITIVES FOR FUELS

Fuel additive compositions that include synergistic mixtures of one or more neutral lubricity additives and one or more monoacidic lubricity additives to provide wear and/or friction reduction in fuels. 1. A gasoline additive providing lubricity , the gasoline additive comprising a lubricity additive mixture of (i) at least one neutral lubricity additive prepared by reacting a hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid compound with ammonia and (ii) at least one linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof , the linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof being saturated , unsaturated , or including mixtures thereof.2. The gasoline additive of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of (i) the at least one neutral lubricity additive divided by (ii) the at least one linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof is about 0.2 to about 30.3. The gasoline additive of claim 2 , wherein the weight ratio is about 2 to about 30.4. The gasoline additive of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the polycarboxylic acid compound is a linear or branched C6 to C36 group.5. The gasoline additive of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid is a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or an anhydride thereof.6. The gasoline additive of claim 1 , wherein the at least one linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof includes a linear carbon chain having 6 to 24 carbon atoms.7. The gasoline additive of claim 6 , wherein the at least one linear monocarboxylic acid or salt thereof is selected from the group consisting of lauric acid claim 6 , tridecanoic acid claim 6 , myristic acid claim 6 , pentadecanoic acid claim 6 , palmitic acid claim 6 , margaric acid claim 6 , stearic acid claim 6 , arachidic acid claim 6 , behenic acid claim 6 , oleic acid claim 6 , erucic acid claim 6 , palmitoleic acid claim 6 , myristoleic acid claim 6 , linoleic acid claim 6 , linolenic acid claim 6 , elaeosteric acid claim 6 , arachidonic acid claim 6 , coconut oil fatty acid claim 6 , ...

DIESEL FUEL ADDITIVE

A diesel fuel additive composition, a fuel containing the fuel additive, a method for improving diesel engine performance using the additive. The diesel fuel additive includes a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and (b) a reactant selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen-containing compound, a hydroxyl-containing compound, and water that provides a reaction product selected from the group consisting (1) a mono-amide/mono-acid or metal free mono-acid salt thereof, (2) a diacid or metal free diacid salt thereof, and (3) mono-ester/mono-acid or metal free mono-acid salt thereof. The reaction product includes at least about 10 molar percent acid groups based on total moles of the reaction product. 116-. (canceled)17. A low sulfur diesel fuel composition suitable for a high pressure compression ignition engine , comprising:a) a major amount of low sulfur diesel fuel, and [{'sub': 2', '3, 'a reaction product of (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent and (ii) a reactant selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, tetraethylene pentamine, pentaethylene hexamine, ammonia, aminoguanidine bicarbonate, guanidine, piperazine, methylpiperazine, amino-pyrimidine, aminotriazole, and aminotetrazole, C-C-alkanolamines, N-ethanol-ethylenediamine, hydroxyethyl pyridine, and water, and mixtures thereof that provides at least 10 molar percent of reaction product based on total moles of the reaction product, said reaction product selected from the group consisting (1) a mono-amide/mono-acid or a mono-amide/metal free mono-acid salt thereof, and (3) monoester/mono-acid or a monoester/metal free mono-acid salt thereof,'}, 'wherein the reaction product is made under conditions sufficient to provide the reaction product with at least 10 molar percent acid groups or nitrogen-containing salt thereof based on total moles of the reaction product., 'b) a minor amount of additive for reducing ...

FUEL COMPOSITION WITH LUBRICITY ADDITIVES

A fuel composition comprising a fuel and a lubricity additive package, where the lubricity additive package comprises (1) Dodecanoic acid and (2) 1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol and the fuel is gasoline. 1. A fuel composition comprising:a fuel;a lubricity additive package; andwherein the lubricity additive package comprises (1) Dodecanoic acid and (2) 1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol.2. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel is gasoline.3. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the lubricity additive ranges from about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm by weight claim 1 , based on a total weight of fuel composition.4. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein a Dodecanoic acid-to-1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol ratio in the lubricity additive package ranges from about 0.1:0.9 to 0.9:0.1.5. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a coefficient of friction ranging from 0.300 to 0.600.6. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a wear scar diameter ranging from 480 μm to 680 μm.7. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lubricity additive package is essentially soluble in the fuel.8. The fuel composition according to claim 1 , further comprising a sulfur concentration of less than about 50 ppm.9. The method for improving lubricity of a fuel composition claim 1 , comprising claim 1 , providing a fuel;adding a lubricity additive package to the fuel;wherein the fuel is gasoline; andwherein the lubricity additive package comprises (1) Dodecanoic acid and (2) 1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein a Dodecanoic acid-to-1-Lauroyl-rac-glycerol ratio in the lubricity additive package ranges from about 0.1:0.9 to 0.9:0.1.11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the fuel composition comprises a lubricity that exhibits a coefficient of friction ranging from 0.300 to 0.600 after adding the lubricity additive package to the fuel.12. The method according to claim 9 ...

Fluid Regulation Apparatus and Method

A fuel composition and fluid regulation apparatus are provided for an improved fuel composition and distribution. The fuel composition may include or relate to a fluid regulation apparatus, flow component, electronic controller, regulator covers, roller clip mechanism, filling head, feeder stem and distributor. A method to operate an improved fuel composition and/or fluid regulation apparatus is also provided. 1. A fluid regulation apparatus comprising:an impeller located substantially within an interior volume of a flow component;a motor operatively connected to the impeller via an impeller shaft to rotate the impeller;an electronic controller to affect operation of the motor by analyzing a condition detected by a sensor operatively connected to the electronic controller;a regulator outlet aperture;a feeder stem installable to a container to direct a gas expelled from the flow component; anda distributor operatively connected to the feeder stem to distribute the gas received from the feeder stem.2. The fluid regulation apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a regulator top cover; anda regulator bottom cover;wherein the flow component is at least partially enclosed by the regulator top cover and the regulator bottom cover.3. The fluid regulation apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a filling head operatively connected to the feeder stem and installable to the container.4. The fluid regulation apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising:a roller clip mechanism connectable to the filling head;wherein a vapor expelled from the container is passable through the filling head to the regulator outlet aperture; andwherein the roller clip mechanism is removably lockable to the filling head that is installed to the container.5. The fluid regulation apparatus of : a feeder stem top end for installation to the filling head, and', 'a feeder stem bottom end distal to the feeder stem top end for installation to the distributor; and, 'wherein the feeder stem compriseswherein ...

FUEL COMPOSITION

A fuel composition and fluid regulation apparatus are provided for an improved fuel composition and distribution. The fuel composition may include or relate to a fluid regulation apparatus, flow component, electronic controller, regulator covers, roller clip mechanism, filling head, feeder stem and distributor. A method to operate an improved fuel composition and/or fluid regulation apparatus is also provided. 1. A combustible composition comprising:an alkane; anda primary organic compound comprising a carbonyl group;wherein the alkane is a majority of the composition.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkane comprises six carbon atoms.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkane is hexane.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the primary organic compound has a lower boiling point than the alkane.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the primary organic compound is a ketone.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the ketone is symmetrical.7. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the ketone is acetone.8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an additive organic compound.9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the additive organic compound comprises a hexadecenoic acid.10. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the additive organic compound comprises a dimethyl ether or an alcohol.11. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the additive organic compound comprises an alcohol comprising ethanol.12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a composition specific gravity approximately half of a water specific gravity.13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a composition viscosity approximately one tenth of a water viscosity.14. A combustible composition comprising:an alkane comprising six carbon atoms; anda ketone;wherein the ketone has a lower boiling point than the alkane;wherein the alkane is a majority of the composition.15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the alkane is hexane.16. The composition of ...

Oil based product for treating vanadium rich oils

Provided are oil-based fuel additive compositions that, when combusted with a fuel containing vanadium in a gas turbine, inhibit vanadium hot corrosion in the gas turbine. The oil-based fuel additive compositions include at least one rare earth element compound or alkaline earth element compound that retards vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of vanadium rich fuel.

Cerium oxide containing nanoparticles

A process for making cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles includes providing an aqueous reaction mixture containing a source of cerous ion, optionally a source of one or more metal ions (M) other than cerium, a source of hydroxide ion, at least one monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizer wherein the molar ratio of said monoether carboxylic acid nanoparticle stabilizers to cerous ions is greater than 0.2, and an oxidant. The cerous ion is oxidized to ceric ion, thereby forming a product dispersion of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles CeO 2-δ , wherein δ has a value of about 0.0 to about 0.5. The nanoparticles may have a mean hydrodynamic diameter from about 1 nm to about 50 nm, and a geometric diameter of less than about 45 nm.

Utilization of transgenic high oleic soybean oil in industrial applications

Oil compositions derived from transgenic soybeans having a high concentration of oleic acid are described for use in various applications including use to enhance the low temperature pour characteristics of engine fluids. Such oil compositions are useful as lubricants, rail curve grease and engine penetrants.

Alcohol compositions and a process for their production

An alcohol product composition is provided that may be used directly for blending with existing fuel sources. More specifically, the alcohol product composition includes ethanol and organic compositions which act as a denaturant. Further, a process for production of ethanol compositions is provided that includes providing a permeate to a distillation tower, removing an ethanol draw-off composition from the distillation tower, removing a side draw from the distillation tower to provide side-draw composition, combining the ethanol draw-off composition and side-draw composition to provide an alcohol composition

QUATERNIZED AMMONIUM SALTS OF HYDROCARBYL EPOXIDES AND USE THEREOF AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel quaternized ammonium salts of hydrocarbyl epoxides, to the preparation thereof and to the use thereof as a fuel additive and lubricant additive, such as, more particularly, as a detergent additive; for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct injection diesel engines, especially in common rail injection systems, for reducing the fuel consumption of direct injection diesel engines, especially of diesel engines with common rail injection systems, and for minimizing power loss in direct injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common rail injection systems; and as an additive for gasoline fuels, especially for operation of DISI engines. 1. A reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound , obtained by a process comprising:{'sub': 'n', 'reacting i) at least one hydrocarbyl epoxide, which is a polyalkylene epoxide that is obtained by epoxidizing a polyalkylene, having a number-average molecular weight (M) of 85 to 20,000;'} {'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c, 'RRRN \u2003\u2003(II)'}, 'with ii) at least one tertiary amine of formula II{'sub': a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'c, 'wherein R, Rand Rare each independently a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl radical, or two of R, Rand Rtogether with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered, saturated or unsaturated, nonaromatic or aromatic heterocyclic ring which may optionally bear at least one further ring heteroatom selected from O, S or N;'} {'br': None, 'sup': +', '−, 'HA\u2003\u2003(III)'}, 'in the presence of iii) at least one acid of formula III{'sup': '−', 'sub': 1', '4, 'in which A is the anion of at least one of an inorganic acid and an organic acid selected from the group consisting of C-Cmonocarboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, undecanoic acid, ...

High molecular weight amide/ester containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight of 1300 to 3000, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

Branched amine containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to branched amine containing quaternary ammonium salts, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel and oil compositions.

CO-PROCESSING HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION OIL AND CO-FEED TO PRODUCE BIOFUELS

The present disclosure relates to processes for producing biofuel compositions by processing hydrocarbon co-feed and a bio-oil obtained via hydrothermal liquifaction (HTL) of a cellulosic biomass to form an HTL oil. The cellulosic mass can be processed at an operating temperature of about 425° C. or less and an operating pressure of about 200 atm or less. The HTL oil is co-processed with a hydrocarbon co-feed (e.g., petroleum fraction) in a cracking unit, such as an FCC unit, a coker unit or a visbreaking unit, in the presence of a catalyst to produce a cracked product (biofuel). The bio content of the cracked product provides RIN credits for the cracked product. 1. A method for forming a biofuel composition , comprising:introducing separately a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) oil derived from cellulosic material, a hydrocarbon co-feed and a cracking catalyst into a cracking unit to form a mixture; andprocessing the mixture at a temperature of about 350° C. or greater to form a cracked product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cracked product is not fractionated.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cracking unit comprises two or more injection nozzles coupled with the cracking unit.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising blending the cracked product with one or more fuel additive components claim 1 , wherein the biofuel composition comprises one or more fuel additive components.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the one or more fuel additive components are selected from an anti-oxidant claim 4 , a corrosion inhibitor claim 4 , an ashless detergent claim 4 , a dehazer claim 4 , a dye claim 4 , a lubricity improver claim 4 , a mineral fuel component claim 4 , a petroleum derived gasoline claim 4 , a diesel claim 4 , and a kerosene.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofuel composition has a water content of about 5% or less.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising introducing the hydrocarbon co-feed into the cracking unit using a first nozzle and ...

Maleinated Derivatives

This invention relates to malienated derivatives made from maleic anhydride, functionalized monomers, and one or more additional reagents, e.g., an oxygen-containing reagent (e.g., alcohol, polyol), a nitrogen-containing reagent (e.g., amine, polyamine, aminoalcohol), a metal and/or a metal compound. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.) 176-. (canceled)77. A maleinated derivative composition comprising: a functionalized polymer , wherein the functionalized polymer is reacted with maleic anhydride on one or more carbon-carbon double bonds of the functionalized polymer to form a maleinated functionalized polymer;wherein the functionalized polymer is formed via olefin metathesis from one or more functionalized monomers; andwherein the one or more functionalized monomers are unsaturated fatty acid glycerides.78. The maleinated derivative of claim 77 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid glycerides comprise unsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides claim 77 , unsaturated fatty acid diglycerides claim 77 , unsaturated fatty acid triglycerides claim 77 , or combinations of two or more of the foregoing.79. The maleinated derivative of claim 77 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid glycerides are derived from a natural oil.80. The maleinated derivative of claim 79 , wherein the natural oil is a vegetable oil claim 79 , an algae oil claim 79 , a fungus oil claim 79 , an animal fat claim 79 , a tall oil claim 79 , or any combination of two or more of the foregoing.81. The maleinated derivative of claim 80 , wherein the natural oil is a vegetable oil.82. The maleinated derivative of claim 80 , wherein the natural oil is canola oil claim 80 , rapeseed oil claim 80 , coconut oil claim 80 , corn oil claim 80 , cottonseed oil claim 80 , olive oil claim 80 , palm oil claim 80 , peanut oil claim 80 , safflower oil claim 80 , sesame oil claim 80 , soybean oil ...

SILVER CORROSION INHIBITOR COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF USE

A synergistic fuel additive composition, the composition having a sulfur additive; and a non-sulfur containing additive, wherein the ratio of the sulfur additive to the non-sulfur additive is about 1:1 to about 1:100. A method of reducing sulfur content in a fuel composition, the method provides adding a fuel additive to a fuel composition, the fuel composition having a silver corrosion inhibitor, the fuel additive having: a sulfur additive and a non-sulfur containing additive, wherein the ratio of the sulfur additive to the non-sulfur containing additive is from about 1:1 to about 1:100; wherein the fuel additive provides less than 5 ppm of sulfur addition to the fuel composition; and wherein the fuel composition does not cause silver corrosion. 24-. (canceled)5. The fuel additive composition as recited in claim 1 , wherein the fuel additive composition reduces sulfur content in a fuel composition by at least 50%.613-. (canceled)14. A method of reducing sulfur content in a fuel composition claim 1 , the method comprising: wherein the fuel additive provides less than 5 ppm of sulfur addition to the fuel composition; and', 'wherein the fuel composition does not cause silver corrosion., 'a sulfur additive and a non-sulfur containing additive, wherein the ratio of the sulfur additive to the non-sulfur containing additive is from about 1:1 to about 1:100;'}, 'adding a fuel additive to a fuel composition, the fuel composition requiring a silver corrosion inhibitor, the fuel additive comprising16. The method as recited in claim 14 , wherein the non-sulfur containing additive comprises a plurality of fatty acids from C8 to C22 monocarboxylic acids claim 14 , and/or C8 to C22 dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides.17. The method as recited in claim 16 , wherein the fatty acids comprise alkenyl or alkyl succinic acids.18. The method as recited in claim 17 , wherein the alkenyl or alkyl succinic acids comprise dodecenyl succinic acid or dodecyl succinic acid.19. The method as ...

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT IMIDE CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition. 1. A composition comprising an imide containing quaternary ammonium salt (“imide quat”) , wherein the imide quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having a nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent to form an imide, and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a) a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product ofb) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the quaternizable amino group of the nitrogen containing compound to a quaternary nitrogen.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable amino group is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.3. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises at least one polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride or polyisobutenyl succinic acid.4. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the reaction of a)(i) with a)(ii) is carried out at a temperature of greater than 80° C.5. The composition of any previous claim wherein the nitrogen containing compound excludes dimethylaminopropylamine.6. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises at least one dialkyl sulfate claim 1 , alkyl halide claim 1 , hydrocarbyl substituted carbonate claim 1 , hydrocarbyl epoxide claim 1 , carboxylate claim 1 , alkyl ester or mixtures thereof.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the quaternizing agent is a hydrocarbyl epoxide.8. The composition of claim 7 ...

Imidazole containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to imidazole containing quaternary ammonium salts and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the compositions.

Concentrated multi-functional fuel additive packages

The disclosed technology relates to a concentrated multi-functional additive that can be continuously dosed in internal combustion engines.

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AMIDE/ESTER CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition. 1. A composition comprising an ester or amide containing quaternary ammonium salt (“amide/ester quat”) , wherein the amide/ester quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent to form an ester or amide, and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a) a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product ofb) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the quaternizable amino group of the nitrogen containing compound to a quaternary nitrogen.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable amino group is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.3. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises at least one polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride or polyisobutenyl succinic acid.4. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the reaction of a)(i) with a)(ii) is carried out at a temperature of less than 80° C.5. The composition of any previous claim wherein the nitrogen containing compound excludes dimethylaminopropylamine.6. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises at least one dialkyl sulfate claim 1 , alkyl halide claim 1 , hydrocarbyl substituted carbonate claim 1 , hydrocarbyl epoxide claim 1 , carboxylate claim 1 , alkyl ester claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the quaternizing ...

LOW CARBON BIO-OIL AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD

In order to develop a high combustion heat and stable bio-oil for safer transportation. The present invention discloses a low carbon bio-oil, selected from the group consisting of a thermo-chemical oil product, a fatty acid containing bio-oil and a bio-alcohol. The invention also discloses a preparation method of preparing the low carbon bio-oil. 1. A low-carbon bio-oil selected from the group consisting of a biomass thermo-chemical oil , a fatty acid-rich bio-oil , and bio-alcohol , wherein a range of high heat combustion for the low-carbon bio-oil is 3000-7000 cal/g.2. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 1 , wherein the weight percentage of the fatty acid-rich bio-oil of the low-carbon bio-oil is less than 20%.3. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 1 , wherein the weight percentage of the bio-alcohol of the low-carbon bio-oil is 0.1-10%.4. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 1 , wherein the biomass thermo-chemical oil is a biomass pyrolysis oil claim 1 , a carbonized tar claim 1 , a liquid product after carbonization claim 1 , pyrolysis or gasification.5. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 4 , wherein the fatty acid-rich bio-oil is a black high acid value oils claim 4 , a white high acid value oil or a palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD).6. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 5 , wherein the weight ratio of the biomass pyrolysis oil to the black high acid value oil is 1:1.7. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 5 , wherein the weight ratio of the biomass pyrolysis oil to the white high acid value oil is 3:1.8. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 5 , wherein the weight ratio of the carbonized tar to the black high acid value oil is 3:1.9. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 5 , wherein the weight ratio of the carbonized tar to the white high acid value oil is 3:1.10. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 4 , wherein the fatty acid-rich bio-oil is obtained from a waste oil after manufacture process.11. The low-carbon bio-oil of claim 5 , wherein the alcohol is ethanol claim 5 , butanol or a higher alcohol ...

Use of nitrogen compounds quaternised with alkylene oxide and hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid as additives in fuels and lubricants

The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines.

Fuel additive for internal combustion engines and fuel composition

Problem A detergent friction modifying agent having both a detergent performance that ameliorates and prevents degradation over time that is caused by deposits in the engine, and a friction reducing effect that lowers frictional resistance in the engine; a fuel additive that improves drivability with a good balance over the entire range of engine speeds, and provides engine characteristics such that, over the entire range of driving speeds, the engine-braking characteristics are such that the feeling of free running will be strongly produced, such that a fuel consumption improvement effect is produced in actual vehicles that is greater than the values produced on the test bench, and which also has storage stability; and a fuel composition containing the same. Solution The present invention is characterized by containing a polyetheramine carboxylic acid salt; the fuel additive of the present invention is added to fuel at 0.5 wt % or less.

Quaternary ammonium compounds as fuel or lubricant additives

A quaternary ammonium compound which is the reaction product of: (a) a tertiary amine having a molecular weight of less than 1000; (b) an acid-activated alkylating agent; and (c) a diacid including an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl moiety having at least (5) carbon atoms.

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels

Use of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid for improving or boosting the separation of water from fuel oils and gasoline fuels which comprise additives with detergent action. A Fuel additive concentrate comprising the said hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid, certain additives with detergent action and optionally other customary additives and solvents or diluents.

METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS THAT PROVIDE DETERGENCY

The present invention relates to methods of fueling an internal combustion engine, and composition, that provide improved nitrogen-free detergency in the engine, particularly in the area of injector deposit control. The present invention also provides methods of providing both improved detergency and improved corrosion inhibition, while avoiding compatibility problems with fuels and/or while limiting the amount of nitrogen delivered to the fuel from the deposit control additive. 1. A fuel composition comprising:(a) a diesel fuel, biodiesel or combinations thereof;(b) a nitrogen-free additive comprising hydrolyzed hydrocarbyl substituted succinic anhydrides; and(c) from 0.1 to 10 ppm zinc.2. The fuel composition of further comprising at least one quaternary salt.3. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the substituted hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbyl substituted acylating agent with di-acid functionality.4. The fuel composition of claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbyl group of the substituted acylating agent is derived from a hydrocarbon which has a number average molecular weight (M) of at least about 300.5. The fuel composition of claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbyl group of the substituted acylating agent comprises a polyisobutylene group.6. The fuel composition of claim 2 , wherein the fuel composition comprises less than 5 claim 2 ,000 ppm of said quaternary salt.7. The fuel composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of: an additional fuel detergent; a cetane improver; a petroleum dye and/or marker; an antioxidant; a lubricity improver; a corrosion inhibitor; a cold flow improver; a metal deactivator; a demulsifier; an antifoam agent; a drag reducing agent; or combinations thereof.8. A method comprising supplying the fuel composition of to an internal combustion engine and operating said engine claim 1 , thereby reducing the amount of deposits therein.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the engine is a direct injection engine.10. The method of claim 9 , ...

FUEL ADDITIVES FOR TREATING INTERNAL DEPOSITS OF FUEL INJECTORS

Methods for improving the injector performance, unsticking fuel injectors, and reducing an amount of alkali metal carboxylate deposits on internal components of fuel injectors. The method includes operating the diesel engine on a fuel composition comprising a major amount of diesel fuel and from about 45 to about 550 ppm by weight based on a total weight of fuel composition of a fuel additive consisting essentially of a compound of the formula 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein R contains from 30 to 70 carbon atoms.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel additive comprises less than 10 ppm by weight of basic nitrogen from a nitrogen-containing compound.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein injector performance is improved by removing alkali metal carboxylate internal injector deposits.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel injected diesel engine comprises a direct fuel injected diesel engine.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive has a TAN ranging from about 100 to about 250 mg KOH/g.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the fuel injected diesel engine is a direct fuel injected diesel engine.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein R contains from 40 to 80 carbon atoms.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the alkali metal as a salt comprises a sodium carboxylate salt claim 7 , and wherein the additive is effective to remove sodium carboxylate salt deposits from internal components of the fuel injectors in a high pressure fuel injection system.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fuel injected diesel engine is a direct fuel injected diesel engine.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fuel is an ultra low sulfur diesel fuel.14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fuel composition is essentially devoid of succinimide detergent compounds.15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fuel additive comprises less than 10 ppm by weight of basic nitrogen from a nitrogen-containing compound. The disclosure is directed to certain diesel fuel additives and to methods ...

LUBRICITY AND CONDUCTIVITY IMPROVER ADDITIVE FOR ULTRA LOW SULFUR DIESEL FUELS

The present invention discloses a single package additive for improving lubricity and conductivity properties of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels. The single package additive is a reaction product of a fatty acid composition, a glycerol tricarboxylates, a polysulfone, a polyamine, an alkylated benzene sulfonic acid and a phenol derivative. More specifically, the present invention discloses a reaction product of: a fatty acid composition in the range of 60-95% wt/wt; a glycerol tricarboxylate in the range of 0.1-10.0% wt/wt; a polysulfone in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; a polyamine in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; an alkylated benzene sulfonic acid in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; and a phenol derivative in the range of 0.1-10.0% wt/wt. The present invention also discloses a single-pot process for the preparation of said reaction product. 1. A reaction product of:a fatty acid composition in the range of 60-95% wt/wt;a glycerol tricarboxylate in the range of 0.1-10.0% wt/wt;a polysulfone in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt;a polyamine in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt;an alkylated benzene sulfonic acid in the range of 0.1-5.0% wt/wt; anda phenol derivative in the range of 0.1-10.0% wt/wt.2. The reaction product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid composition is a mixture of fatty acids having carbon atoms in the range of C-C claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid is selected from a group consisting of lauric acid claim 1 , stearic acid claim 1 , oleic acid claim 1 , linoleic acid claim 1 , myristoleic acid claim 1 , behenic acid and arachidonic acid.3. The reaction product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the glycerol tricarboxylate is prepared by reacting glycerol with fatty acid claim 1 , and the fatty acid is selected from a group consisting of lauric acid claim 1 , palmitic acid claim 1 , linoleic acid claim 1 , ricinoleic acid claim 1 , and any mixture thereof.4. The reaction product as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polysulfone is a reaction product of 1-alkene and ...

RAPID METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF CERIUM-CONTAINING OXIDE ORGANIC COLLOIDS

Improved methods for producing colloidal dispersions of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles in substantially non-polar solvents are disclosed. The cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles of an aqueous colloid are transferred to a substantially non-polar liquid comprising one or more amphiphilic materials, one or more low-polarity solvents, and, optionally, one or more glycol ether promoter materials. The transfer is achieved by mixing the aqueous and substantially non-polar materials, forming an emulsion, followed by a phase separation into a remnant polar solution phase and a substantially non-polar organic colloid phase. The organic colloid phase is then collected. 1. A process for preparing a colloidal dispersion , comprising:(a) mixing an aqueous colloidal dispersion of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles and an amphiphilic material to form an emulsion, wherein the amphiphilic material is a monocarboxylic acid having from 7 to 9 carbon atoms;(b) adding a substantially non-polar solvent to the emulsion formed in step (a) and mixing to form an emulsion, whereafter the emulsion separates into a substantially non-polar colloidal phase and a remnant aqueous phase; and,(c) collecting the separated substantially non-polar colloidal dispersion of cerium-containing oxide nanoparticles.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the emulsion of step (b) is formed at a temperature ranging from about 20° C. to less than 60° C.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the emulsion of step (b) is formed over a time ranging from 0 to 8 hours.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising adding a glycol ether to the substantially non-polar colloidal phase.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein said glycol ether is added 0 to 4 hours after the end of step (b).6. The process of claim 4 , wherein said glycol ether is selected from the group consisting of diethylene glycol monomethyl ether claim 4 , propylene glycol monomethyl ether claim 4 , diethylene glycol monoethyl ether claim 4 , ...

STABILIZED FLUIDS FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

The present invention is directed toward compositions suitable for use as dielectric fluids, lubricant fluids and biodiesel fluids. Compositions described herein are obtained from a saturated, unsaturated or combinations of both monol, diol, triol or polyol acyl ester based fluid and/or a non-ester based fluid and 2,4,6-tris(di-C-C-alkylaminomethyl) phenol and/or the carboxylic acid salt of 2,4,6-tris(di-C-C-alkylaminomethyl) phenol. These compositions demonstrate improved oxidative stability and/or hydrolytic stability at higher use temperatures. 1. A stabilized biodiesel fluid composition comprising:(a) a methyl ester based fluid selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, algae oil, animal fat, tall oil and combinations thereof;(b) optionally, a petrodiesel fluid; and [{'sub': 1', '6, '(i) 2,4,6-tris(di-C-C-alkylaminomethyl) phenol (TAP); and'}, {'sub': 12', '30', '12', '30, '(ii) a salt of a at least one mono C-Ccarboxylic fatty acid and TAP having a molar ratio of up to 3 moles of mono C-Ccarboxylic fatty acid per mole of TAP; and'}], '(c) at least one component selected from the group consisting ofwherein the composition is characterized in that the stabilized biodiesel fluid composition has an oxidative stability index (OSI) of greater than about 10 hours at 110° C. as measured by AOCS 12b-92.2. The stabilized biodiesel fluid composition of wherein the vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil claim 1 , rapeseed oil claim 1 , sunflower oil claim 1 , safflower oil claim 1 , castor oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , palm kernel oil claim 1 , coconut oil claim 1 , camelina oil claim 1 , olive oil claim 1 , cottonseed oil claim 1 , grapeseed oil and combinations thereof.3. The stabilized biodiesel fluid composition of wherein the vegetable oil comprises at least about 75 wt % of a high oleic acid triglyceride composition.4. The stabilized biodiesel fluid composition of claim 1 , wherein the ester based fluid comprises free fatty ...

Stabiilzed fluids for industrial applications

The present invention is directed toward compositions suitable for use as dielectric fluids, lubricant fluids and biodiesel fluids. Compositions described herein are obtained from a saturated, unsaturated or combinations of both monol, diol, triol or polyol acyl ester based fluid and/or a non-ester based fluid and 2,4,6-tris(di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminomethyl)phenol and/or the carboxylic acid salt of 2,4,6-tris(di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminomethyl)phenol. These compositions demonstrate improved oxidative stability and/or hydrolytic stability at higher use temperatures.

Low molecular weight imide containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AMIDE/ESTER CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition. 1. A diesel fuel composition comprising 5 to 100 ppm of an ester or amide containing quaternary ammonium salt (“amide/ester quat”) , wherein the amide/ester quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and comprises at least one polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride or polyisobutenyl succinic acid; and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent to form an ester or amide, and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a) a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product ofb) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the quaternizable amino group of the nitrogen containing compound to a quaternary nitrogen; and5 to 50 ppm of a demulsifier.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable amino group is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.3. The composition of any previous claim claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises at least one dialkyl sulfate claim 1 , alkyl halide claim 1 , hydrocarbyl substituted carbonate claim 1 , hydrocarbyl epoxide claim 1 , carboxylate claim 1 , alkyl ester claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the quaternizing agent is a hydrocarbyl epoxide.5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the quaternizing agent is a hydrocarbyl epoxide in combination with an acid.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the demulsifier comprises 1) an alkylphenol or its salt claim 1 , 2) a phenol alkoxylate claim 1 , 3) the reaction ...

Lubricity additive for fuel with a low sulphur content

The invention relates to a lubricity additive for fuel, particularly for diesel fuel, directly obtained from the acidification of a soapstock produced by a method for refining at least one vegetable and/or animal oil. The lubricity additive according to the invention is more specifically used for fuels that have a low sulfur content, for example, lower than 500 ppm (by weight).

Pipeline hydrate inhibitor and method of reducing hydrates using the hydrate inhibitor

Compositions and methods for reducing the formation of hydrates within subsea or over-land pipeline systems. The compositions and methods include the use of organic salt solutions, such as an acetate salt solution, to precondition, treat, and/or dewater the pipeline systems, or employ the use of the organic salt solutions during other pre-commissioning operations. An effective concentration of an organic salt solution acts to reduce hydrates and/or inhibit hydrate formation within the pipeline systems.

Corrosion inhibitors for fuels and lubricants

The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants.

Hydrocarbon Marine Fuel Oil

A liquid hydrocarbon marine fuel oil includes a marine distillate fuel or a heavy oil or a blend thereof containing an additive combination including: (A) a polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acid or anhydride, and (B) a metal hydrocarbyl-substituted hydroxybenzoate and/or sulfonate detergent, where the mass:mass ratio of (A) to (B) is in the range of 20:1 to 1:20 and the treat rate of the additive combination is in the range of 5 to 10000 ppm by mass.

Butanol purification

Provided are methods for removing one or more components from a butanol based composition. The methods comprise providing a butanol based composition comprising one or more components, targeting at least one component or a combination thereof for reduction, and processing said butanol based composition such that the at least one targeted component is substantially removed. The butanol based composition can, for example, be bio-produced.

Hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant and method of application thereof

A hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant comprises a compound having a following molecular structure R1-(CnHm)-R2, a precursor or a derivative of the compound: wherein n and m are positive integers; —(CnHm)— group is a straight chain molecule segment formed by covalent linkage of carbon atoms which are more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 50; ,R1 and R2 comprise an aromatic ring or carboxylic acid or hydroxyl radical or alkyl group; the aromatic ring group may either be a single ring or polycyclic, and may also be a heterocycle containing oxygen or nitrogen, which may be provided with or not provided with a substituent group; the antioxidant contains more than one linear chain or ring conjugated bond formed by conjugated double bonds; the ring conjugated double bonds are located on the aromatic ring at the end part; the linear chain conjugated double bonds are located on a carbon chain in the middle; and the antioxidant has a prominent absorption peak in a 250-400 nm ultraviolet wavelength range. The hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant comprises carotinoid, vitamin A or vitamin E. The invention further provides applications and a method of application of the antioxidant. The antioxidant can promote the ultraviolet light stabilization effect of the fuels, but also can promote the oxygen stabilization effect of the fuels, and particularly can promote the combustion efficiency of the fuels and reduce the emission of contaminants when the antioxidant is together used with such additives as cetane number improver and octane number improver.

METHOD OF FORMULATING A FUEL COMPOSITION FOR USE IN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES

A blendstock for forming a fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines, includes a polar fluid component, a microblender component, and a neutralizer component. The neutralizer component is present in an amount effective to substantially neutralize the microblender component to allow for the microblender component to substantially spontaneously blend with the polar fluid component. The polar fluid component may include a water component and an alcohol component, and the neutralizer component may include an ammonia component. The blendstock may be added to a hydrocarbon fuel, such as diesel fuel, to form the fuel composition. 1. A blendstock for forming a fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines , the blendstock comprising:a polar fluid component;a microblender component; anda neutralizer component being present in an amount effective to substantially neutralize the microblender component to allow for the microblender component to substantially spontaneously blend with the polar fluid component.2. The blendstock of claim 1 , wherein the neutralizer component includes an ammonia component.3. The blendstock of claim 1 , wherein the blendstock is added to a hydrocarbon fuel to form the fuel composition.4. The blendstock of claim 3 , where the hydrocarbon fuel includes a diesel fuel component.5. The blendstock of claim 1 , wherein the polar fluid component includes a water component and an alcohol component.6. The blendstock of claim 5 , wherein the alcohol component is selected from a group consisting of methanol claim 5 , ethanol claim 5 , (a) n-propyl alcohol claim 5 , (b) iso-propyl alcohol claim 5 , (c) n-butyl alcohol claim 5 , and a mixed alcohol formulation.7. The blendstock of claim 1 , wherein the polar fluid component is hydrous ethanol having a water content of 5-20%.8. The blendstock of claim 1 , wherein the microblender component includes a fatty acid component.9. The blendstock of claim 8 , wherein the fatty acid component ...

Synergistic detergent and active metal compound combination

The present invention relates to compositions containing a detergent composition and an active metal containing compound, where the detergent composition includes a quaternary ammonium salt detergent and optionally an oxygen-containing detergent, and where the active metal containing compound is in the form of a colloidal dispersion, comprising an organic phase, particles of an iron compound in its amorphous form, and at least one amphiphilic agent. These compositions may be used in fuels and provide improved engine performance when such fuels are used, specifically by reducing fuel injector fouling in the engine and/or by improving the regenera

Fuel Additive and Fuel Composition

A fuel additive for a hydrocarbon based fuel that has one or more of the following Components: 2. The fuel additive of claim 1 , comprising Component D and at least one of Component B or Component C.3. The fuel additive of claim 2 , comprising Component D and Component B.4. The fuel additive of claim 2 , comprising Component D and Component C.5. The fuel additive of claim 2 , comprising Component D claim 2 , Component B and Component C.6. The fuel additive of claim 1 , wherein said polyalpha olefin is produced from alpha olefins containing between 4-20 carbon atoms.7. The fuel additive of claim 6 , wherein said polyalpha olefin contains between 6-14 carbon atoms.8. The fuel additive of claim 1 , wherein said polyalpha olefin is produced from alpha olefins having an average of 10 carbon atoms.9. The fuel additive of claim 6 , wherein the molecular weight of the polyalpha olefin is from about 300 claim 6 ,000 to about 2 claim 6 ,000 claim 6 ,000.10. The fuel additive of claim 6 , wherein said polyalpha olefin has a particle size of from 25 microns to 100 microns.11. The fuel additive of claim 5 , wherein Component B is present in an amount of from about 4.5 wt % to about 9.0 wt % claim 5 , Component C is present in an amount from about 0.2 wt % to about 1.0 wt % claim 5 , and Component D is present in an amount from about 85 wt % to about 99 wt %.12. The fuel additive of claim 3 , wherein Component B is present in an amount from about 4.0 wt % to about 10 wt % claim 3 , and Component D is present in an amount from about 90 wt % to about 99 wt %.13. The fuel additive of claim 4 , wherein Component D is present in an amount from about 92 wt % to about 99 wt % and Component C is present in an amount from about 0.2 wt % to about 1.0 wt %.14. The fuel additive composition of comprising an adjunct selected from the group consisting of biocides claim 1 , thickening agents and mixtures thereof.15. A fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon containing fuel and a fuel additive ...

Gasoline fuel composition for improved performance in fuel injected engines

A fuel soluble additive for a gasoline engine, a method for improving performance of fuel injectors and a method for cleaning fuel injectors for a gasoline engine. The fuel soluble additive includes a quaternary ammonium salt derived from an amido amine containing at least one tertiary amino group and an epoxide, in the presence of a proton donor selected from a carboxylic acid and an alkyl phenol. The amido amine is made in a reaction medium that is substantially devoid of an acylating agent.

Compositions for use in internal-combustion engines and methods of forming and using such compositions

A fuel composition for use in internal-combustion engines has a fuel component, an alcohol component, a water component, a microemulsion blend, and a cetane-enhancer component. The microemulsion blend includes at least one of lower grade fatty acid derivatives being present in an amount effective for the fuel, alcohol, and water components to form a microemulsion blend. The emulsifier is present in an amount effective for the biodiesel fuel, alcohol, water, and emulsifier to form an emulsion.

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR INHIBITING FOAM IN A HYDROCARBON MIXTURE

A method of inhibiting the formation of foam in a mixture comprising water and hydrocarbons, the method comprising contacting the mixture with a composition which comprises at least one ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is preferably a poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative or an alkyl ethoxylate phosphate salt. 1. A method of inhibiting the formation of foam in a mixture comprising water and hydrocarbons , the method comprising contacting the mixture with a composition which comprises at least one ionic liquid.2. The method of where the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivatives and alkyl ethoxylate phosphate salts.3. The method of where the ionic liquid comprises a poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative having the chemical formula [Y—CO[O—A—CO]—Z—R]pXwherein Y is hydrogen or optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group claim 1 , A is a divalent optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group claim 1 , n is from 1 to 100 claim 1 , m is from 1 to 4 claim 1 , q is from 1 to 4 and p is an integer such that pq=m claim 1 , Z is an optionally substituted divalent bridging group which is attached to the carbonyl group through a nitrogen atom claim 1 , r is 0 or 1 claim 1 , Ris an ammonium group and Xis an anion.4. The method of where the ionic liquid comprises an alkyl ethoxylate phosphate salt having the chemical formula R(CHO)PO Xwherein R is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group claim 1 , x is from 1 to 30 and q is 1 to 4.5. A composition for inhibiting the formation of foam in a hydrocarbon water mixture which comprises at least one ionic liquid.6. The composition of wherein the ionic liquid is selected from the group consisting of poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivatives and alkyl ethoxylate phosphates.7. The composition of where the ionic liquid comprises a poly(hydroxycarboxylic acid) amide salt derivative having the chemical formula [Y—CO[O—A—CO]—Z—R] pXwherein Y is hydrogen ...

USE OF CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The present invention relates to novel uses of corrosion inhibitors in fuels and lubricants. 1. A reaction product , comprising an optionally purified quaternized nitrogen compound , wherein ,the reaction product is obtained by reacting a quaternizable nitrogen compound comprising at least one quaternizable amino group with a quaternizing agent that converts the at least one quaternizable amino group to a quaternary ammonium group; andthe quaternizing agent is a hydrocarbyl epoxide in combination with a free hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid.2. (canceled)3: A process claim 1 , comprising inhibiting corrosion in a gasoline fuel claim 1 , by combining the gasoline fuel with the reaction product of .4: A process claim 1 , comprising reducing corrosion of nonferrous metals in a fuel by combining the fuel with the reaction product of .5: A process claim 1 , comprising increasing electrical conductivity and reducing electrostatic charging in a fuel claim 1 , by combining the fuel with the reaction product of .6: A process claim 1 , comprising completely or partially preventing formation of deposits claim 1 , completely or partially removing deposits claim 1 , or both claim 1 , in fuel inlet and outlet valves of a gasoline engine having port fuel injectors claim 1 , by operating the gasoline engine with a fuel comprising the reaction product of .7. The reaction product of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable nitrogen compound is selected from the group consisting of: [{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c, 'RRRN\u2003\u2003(3),'}, 'wherein', {'sub': a', 'b', 'c', '8', '40', '1', '6, 'at least one of the R, Rand Rradicals is a straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C-C-hydrocarbyl radical and the other radicals are identical or different, straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated C-C-hydrocarbyl radical;'}], 'a) at least one alkylamine comprising at least one compound of formula (3)b) at least one polyalkene-substituted amine comprising at least ...

Chemical Composition of Matter for the Liquefaction and Dissolution of Asphaltene and Paraffin Sludges into Petroleum Crude Oils and Refined Products at Ambient Temperatures and Method of Use

A chemical composition of matter comprising a wax plasticizing agent (plasticizer) tributoxyethyl phosphate, a mixture of selected long chain fatty acids (preferably C 10 to C 22 ), and a mixture of selected low-surface tension surfactants, which when added in solution to crude oil or refined products has been shown to lower both the B.S. & W. (rag layer) and the coefficient of friction of crude oils and refined products. This chemical composition of matter is particularly useful as a wax liquefaction, dispersant, and solubilization agent for asphaltene and paraffins in crude oil and refined products. The reduction in the co-efficient of friction resulting from the addition of this product to crude oil will allow crude oil to pump through pipelines with a minimum amount of resistance due to friction (drag).

USE OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS QUATERNISED WITH ALKYLENE OXIDE AND HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the reaction product in the gasoline fuel or diesel fuel is from 10 to 5000 ppm by weight based on the total amount of the middle distillate fuel or diesel fuel.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein addition of the reaction product reduces the level of deposits in the intake system of a gasoline engine.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein addition of the reaction product reduces the level of deposits in the intake system of DISI and PFI engines.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ris a Cto Chydrocarbyl group.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Rhas a number-average molecular weight (M) of 85 to 20 000 or is a polyalkylene radical having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 100.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , Rand Rare the same or different and are each a straight-chain or branched C-C-alkyl.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein 0.1 to 4.0 equivalents of the hydrocarbyl epoxide (4) are used per equivalent of the tertiary amine (3).9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkylamine of formula (3) is selected from the group consisting of trimethylamine claim 1 , triethylamine claim 1 , tri-n-propylamine claim 1 , tri-n-butylamine claim 1 , tri- ...

BIO-NANO EMULSION FUEL

Disclosed herein is a method for synthesizing a nano-emulsion fuel composition. The method may include forming a water-in-fossil fuel emulsion by dispersing water into a fossil fuel in the presence of a surfactant, synthesizing carbon quantum dots with an average diameter between 0.5 nanometers to 20 nanometers, forming a mixture of the synthesized carbon quantum dots and the water-in-fossil fuel emulsion by dispersing the synthesized carbon quantum dots into the water-in-fossil fuel emulsion; the carbon quantum dots comprising 1 ppm to 10000 ppm of the mixture, and forming a nano-emulsion fuel composition by mixing a biofuel into the mixture of carbon quantum dots and the water-in-fossil fuel emulsion. 1. A method for synthesizing a bio-nano emulsion fuel composition , the method comprising:forming a water-in-fossil fuel emulsion by dispersing water into a fossil fuel in the presence of a surfactant; forming a precursor suspension by dissolving a carbon precursor in water, the carbon precursor one of graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, fullerene, carbon nano-fibers, active carbon, soot, organic acids, and combinations thereof; and', 'forming carbon quantum dots by heating the precursor suspension at a temperature between 160° C. and 220° C.;, 'synthesizing carbon quantum dots with an average diameter between 0.5 nanometers and 20 nanometers, synthesizing carbon quantum dots comprisingcarbonizing the carbon quantum dots at a temperature of at least 700° C. under an inert gas atmosphere;activating the carbonized carbon quantum dots by mixing the carbonized carbon quantum dots with an alkali metal hydroxide solution; andfunctionalizing the activated carbon quantum dots by passing nitric acid vapor with a temperature between 100° C. and 150° C. through a heated bed of the activated carbon quantum dots, the heated bed being heated at a temperature between 125° C. and 250° C.;forming a mixture of the synthesized carbon quantum dots and the water-in-fossil fuel ...

Fuel Composition of Diesel Fuel

The invention relates to a fuel composition based on a diesel fraction, having a sulphur content of less than 10 mg/kg with the boiling range of 180-360° C., characterized in that said fuel composition contains organic peroxides as ignition promoters, which are selected from the group: di-tert-butyl peroxide, 1,1-di-(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane, dicumyl peroxide, tert-butyl cumyl peroxide, isobutyl cumyl peroxide, n-butyl cumyl peroxide, isopropyl cumyl peroxide, ethyl cumyl peroxide and methyl cumyl peroxide, and contains an anti-wear additive based on carboxylic acids having the following ratio of components, wt %: 0.01-0.5 organic peroxide, 0.005-0.1 anti-wear additive, and up to 100 being the diesel fraction. The proposed diesel fuel composition allows producing diesel fuel which meets quality performance requirements. 1. A fuel composition based on a diesel fraction having a sulfur content of less than 10 mg/kg with boiling points in the range of 180-360° C. , characterized in that it comprises ignition promoters such as organic peroxides selected from a group of: di-tert-butyl peroxide , 1 ,1-di(tert-butyl peroxy)cyclohexane , dicumyl peroxide , and an antiwear additive based on carboxylic acids having the following ratio of components , wt. %:organic peroxide from 0.01 to 0.5,antiwear additive from 0.005 to 0.1,diesel fraction up to 100.2. A fuel composition based on a diesel fraction having a sulfur content of less than 10 mg/kg with boiling points in the range of 180-360° C. , characterized in that it comprises ignition promoters such as organic peroxides selected from a group of: tert-butyl cumyl peroxide , isobutyl cumyl peroxide , n-butyl cumyl peroxide , and an antiwear additive based on carboxylic acids having the following ratio of components , wt. %:organic peroxide from 0.01 to 0.5,antiwear additive from 0.005 to 0.1,diesel fraction up to 100.3. A fuel composition based on a diesel fraction having a sulfur content of less than 10 mg/kg with boiling ...

Maleinated Derivatives

This invention relates to malienated derivatives made from maleic anhydride, functionalized monomers, and one or more additional reagents, e.g., an oxygen-containing reagent (e.g., alcohol, polyol), a nitrogen-containing reagent (e.g., amine, polyamine, aminoalcohol), a metal and/or a metal compound. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.) 176-. (canceled)77. A sulfurized polymer composition comprising: a sulfurized polymer , which is formed by reacting a functionalized polymer having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds with a sulfurizing agent on one or more of the one or more carbon-carbon double bonds of the functionalized polymer to form the sulfurized polymer;wherein the functionalized polymer is formed via olefin metathesis from one or more functionalized monomers; andwherein the one or more functionalized monomers are unsaturated fatty acid glycerides.78. The sulfurized polymer composition of claim 77 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid glycerides comprise unsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides claim 77 , unsaturated fatty acid diglycerides claim 77 , unsaturated fatty acid triglycerides claim 77 , or combinations of two or more of the foregoing.79. The sulfurized polymer composition of claim 77 , wherein the unsaturated fatty acid glycerides are derived from a natural oil.80. The sulfurized polymer composition of claim 79 , wherein the natural oil is a vegetable oil claim 79 , an algae oil claim 79 , a fungus oil claim 79 , an animal fat claim 79 , a tall oil claim 79 , or any combination of two or more of the foregoing.81. The sulfurized polymer composition of claim 80 , wherein the natural oil is a vegetable oil.82. The sulfurized polymer composition of claim 80 , wherein the natural oil is canola oil claim 80 , rapeseed oil claim 80 , coconut oil claim 80 , corn oil claim 80 , cottonseed oil claim 80 , olive oil claim 80 , palm ...

Dispersions Of Polymeric Oil Additives

The invention provides dispersions comprising 2. The dispersion according to claim 1 , in which the cold flow improver I is selected from the group consisting ofi) copolymers of ethylene and ethylenically unsaturated esters, ethers and/or alkenes,{'sub': 10', '30, 'ii) homo- or copolymers of C-C-alkyl-bearing esters, amides and/or imides of ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids,'}iii) ethylene copolymers grafted with ethylenically unsaturated esters and/or ethers,iv) homo- and copolymers of higher olefins, andv) condensation products of phenols bearing at least one alkyl radical and aldehydes and/or ketones.3. The dispersion according to claim 1 , in which the cold flow improver I) comprises a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl ester.4. The dispersion according to claim 1 , in which the cold flow improver I) is a homo- or copolymer of an ester claim 1 , amide and/or imide of at least one ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid containing at least one C-C-alkyl radical.5. The dispersion according to claim 1 , in which the cold flow improver is an ethylene copolymer grafted with an ethylenically unsaturated ester and/or ether claim 1 , where the ethylene copolymer is an ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer.6. The dispersion according to claim 5 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated ester is a C-C-alkyl-bearing ester of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid.7. The dispersion according to claim 1 , in which the cold flow improver is a homo- and copolymer of α-olefins having 3 to 30 carbon atoms.8. The dispersion according to claim 1 , in which the cold flow improver is a condensation product of at least one phenol bearing at least one alkyl radical and at least one aldehyde or ketone.10. The dispersion according to claim 1 , in which the salt of an ethercarboxylic acid has been prepared by neutralization of at least one ethercarboxylic acid with at least one base of the alkali metals or alkaline earth metals or an amine.11. The dispersion according to claim 1 , in ...

COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING OR REDUCING LOW SPEED PRE-IGNITION IN SPARK-IGNITED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Fuel and lubricant compositions are provided that contain a primary low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI)-reducing additive comprising (i) an amino additive, (ii) an amine additive, (iii) a triazole additive, (iv) a benzamidinium additive, (v) a benzoxazole additive, or (vi) a N═C—X motif additive. Methods for preventing or reducing low speed pre-ignition events in spark-ignited engines using these compositions are also provided. 2. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the amino additive is a beta-amino alkanol claim 1 , an amino acid claim 1 , or an amino ester.3. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the amine additive is aromatic amine or aliphatic amine.4. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the triazole additive is 5 claim 1 ,6-dimethylbenzotriazole.5. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the primary LSPI-reducing additive is prolinol claim 1 , aliquat claim 1 , morphguam claim 1 , 2-aminobenzimidazole claim 1 , AHPD claim 1 , N claim 1 ,N-dimethyl-N-octylbenzamidinium-2-oxide claim 1 , benzoxazole claim 1 , 2-methylquinolin-8-amine claim 1 , or 2-aminobenzoxazole.6. The fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the N═C—X motif additive is an amidine claim 1 , a guanidine claim 1 , an imidazole claim 1 , a benzamidine claim 1 , a benzimidazole claim 1 , or an amino benzimidazole.7. The fuel composition of claim 6 , wherein the amidine is 1 claim 6 ,4 claim 6 ,5 claim 6 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 6 , 1 claim 6 ,2-dimethyl-1 claim 6 ,4 claim 6 ,5 claim 6 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 6 , 1 claim 6 ,2-diethyl-1 claim 6 ,4 claim 6 ,5 claim 6 ,6-tetrahydropyrimidine claim 6 , 1 claim 6 ,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN) claim 6 , 2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole claim 6 , or 1 claim 6 ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undece-7-ene (DBU).8. The fuel composition of claim 6 , wherein the guanidine is 1 claim 6 ,1 claim 6 ,3 claim 6 ,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) claim 6 , 2-tert-butyl-1 claim 6 ,1 claim 6 ,3 claim 6 ,3-tetramethylguanidine (BTMG) claim 6 , 1 claim 6 ,5 ...

ADDITIVES FOR IMPROVING THE RESISTANCE TO WEAR AND LACQUERING OF VEHICLE FUELS OF THE GAS OIL OR BIO GAS OIL TYPE

The present disclosure relates to anti-lacquering additives for vehicle fuels of the gas oil or bio gas oil type having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass. These additives also improve the lacquering resistance of the higher-grade vehicle fuels of gas oil or bio gas oil type having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass. 1. Additives for limiting the soap and/or varnish deposits in internal parts of injection systems of engines for (bio) gas oil type vehicle fuels , having a sulphur content less than or equal to 500 ppm by mass , comprising at least 50% by mass of partial polyol ester(s) , the polyol esters comprising x ester units , y hydroxylated units and z ether units , x , y and z being integers such that x varies from 1 to 10 , y varies from 1 to 10 , and z varies from 0 to 6.2. Additives according to claim 1 , wherein the polyol esters are obtained by esterification of fatty acid(s) and linear and/or branched polyols optionally comprising (hetero)cycles of 5 to 6 atoms claim 1 , bearing hydroxyl functions.3. Additives according to claim 1 , wherein the polyol esters claim 1 , the ester unit claim 1 , hydroxylated unit and ether unit distribution is such that x varies from 1 to 4 claim 1 , y varies from 1 to 7 and z varies from 1 to 3.4. Additives according to claim 1 , wherein the polyols R are chosen from the linear polyols comprising more than three hydroxyl functions and the polyols comprising at least one heterocycle of 5 or 6 atoms claim 1 , optionally substituted by hydroxyl groups claim 1 , these polyols being able to be used alone or in a mixture.7. Additives according to claim 1 , wherein R is a polyol comprising at least two heterocycles of 4 or 5 carbon atoms and an oxygen atom claim 1 , connected by the formation of an acetal bond between a hydroxyl function of each ring claim 1 , those heterocycles being optionally substituted by hydroxyl groups.8. Additives according to claim 1 , wherein the partial polyol ...

PROCESS FOR ENHANCING GASOLINE OCTANE BOOSTERS, GASOLINE BOOSTERS, AND GASOLINES

A gasoline additive composition includes an oxygenate gasoline additive; and an optical brightener. The gasoline additive composition can be used in a gasoline blend. 1. An octane boosting , gasoline additive composition , comprising:an oxygenate gasoline additive; andan optical brightener.2. The gasoline additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenate comprises methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , isopropyl alcohol claim 1 , n-propyl alcohol claim 1 , isobutanol claim 1 , n-butanol claim 1 , sec-butyl alcohol claim 1 , tert-butyl alcohol claim 1 , gasoline grade tert butyl alcohol claim 1 , tert-amyl alcohol claim 1 , methyl tert-butyl ether claim 1 , ethyl tert-butyl ether claim 1 , tert-amyl methyl ether claim 1 , tert-amyl ethyl ether claim 1 , tert-hexyl methyl ether claim 1 , diisopropyl ether or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing claim 1 ,preferably wherein the oxygenate comprises methyl tert-butyl ether.3. The gasoline additive composition of claim 1 , comprising99.5 to 99.9 wt %, or 97.5 to 99.9 wt %, or 99.9 to 95 wt % of the oxygenate, and0.01 to 3 wt %, or 0.1 to 2.5 wt %, or 1 to 5 wt %, of the optical brightener, each based on the combined amount of oxygenate and optical brightener.4. The gasoline additive composition of claim 1 , wherein the optical brightener is an azole derivative claim 1 , benzoxazole derivative claim 1 , biphenyl derivative claim 1 , cinnamic acid derivative claim 1 , fumaric acid derivative claim 1 , coumarin derivative claim 1 , dibenzothiophene-5 claim 1 ,5-dioxide derivative claim 1 , diphenyl styryl derivative claim 1 , methinecyanine derivative claim 1 , oxazole derivative claim 1 , phenyloxazole derivative claim 1 , pyrazoline derivative claim 1 , stilbene derivative claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing;preferably wherein the optical brightener is a cinnamic acid derivative, a diphenyl derivative, or a stilbene derivative.12. The gasoline additive composition of ...

Use of a wax anti-settling additive in automotive fuel compositions

Use of a wax anti-settling agent (WASA), in an automotive fuel composition, for the purpose of improving the acceleration performance of an internal combustion engine into which the fuel composition is or is intended to be introduced or of a vehicle powered by such an engine.

BIOREFINING OF CRUDE TALL OIL

The present invention pertains to a process for refining of crude tall oil (CTO). The process comprises fractionation under vacuum of a refined CTO into at least one stream of refined tall diesel (RTD) or tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), the RTD or TOFA comprises from 2-30% by volume of resin acids and from 20-90% by volume of fatty acids, and at least one stream of resin acid(s) (RA) comprising less than 5% by volume of fatty acids. The stream of RTD or TOFA is deoxygenated forming hydrocarbon compounds in a subsequent step. This invention also relates to a refined tall diesel. Furthermore, a process for the production of a refined tall diesel (RTD) composition, wherein crude sulphate turpentine(s) (CST) is added to the refined tall diesel (RTD) composition, is described. 137-. (canceled)38. A process for the refining of crude tall oil (CTO) , wherein the process comprises fractionation under vacuum of a refined CTO into at least one stream of refined tall diesel (RTD) or tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) , said RTD or TOFA comprising from 2-30% by volume of resin acids and from 20-90% by volume of fatty acids , characterized by that the refined CTO is charged to a first fractionation step for separation of tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) and resin acids (RA) from tall oil pitch (TOP) followed by a second fractionation step wherein a stream rich in RTD or TOFA components having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure in a range of 170-420° C. is separated from a stream rich in RA , which RA is further purified in a third step being a RA purification step , so that the fractionation also yields at least one stream of RA comprising less than 5% by volume of fatty acids.39. The process according to claim 38 , wherein the stream of RTD or TOFA is deoxygenated forming hydrocarbon compounds in a subsequent step.40. The process according to claim 38 , wherein the first fractionation step for separation is performed in one or more TFEs arranged in parallel or in series.41. The process ...

USE OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS QUATERNISED WITH ALKYLENE OXIDE AND HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines. 1. A method for preparing a fuel composition , a lubricant composition or a kerosene composition , comprising:adding to a fuel, a lubricant or a kerosene, a reaction product comprising a quaternized nitrogen compound or of a fraction thereof obtained from the reaction product by purification; wherein:the reaction product is obtained by reacting a quaternizable nitrogen compound comprising at least one quaternizable amino group with a quaternizing agent which converts the at least one quaternizable, amino group to a quaternary ammonium group; andthe quaternizing agent is a hydrocarbyl epoxide that is in combination with a free hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acid.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction product reduces the fuel consumption of a direct injection diesel engine.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction product is added to a gasoline fuel and reduces the level of deposits in the intake system of a gasoline engine.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction product is added to a diesel fuel and reduces and/or prevents deposits in an intake system.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable nitrogen compound is selected from the group consisting of: [{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c, ' ...

USE OF A MIXTURE OF A COMPLEX ESTER WITH A MONOCARBOXYLIC ACID TO REDUCE FRICTION

The present invention relates to the use of a mixture comprising (I) at least one complex ester obtainable by an esterification reaction between (A) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C-to C-dicarboxylic acid, (B) at least one aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohol with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and (C)as a chain stopping agent (C1) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C-to C-monocarboxylic acid in case of an excess of component (B), or (C2) at least one aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C-to C-alcohol in case of an excess of component (A), and (II) at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 30 carbon atoms in a weight ratio of (I):(II) of from 20 to 80:80 to 20 as an additive in a fuel for different purposes. 1. A fuel additive , comprising , [{'sub': 2', '12, '(A) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-dicarboxylic acid,'}, '(B) at least one aliphatic linear or branched polyhydroxy alcohol with 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, and', [{'sub': 1', '30, '(C1) at least one aliphatic linear or branched C- to C-mono carboxylic acid in case of an excess of the component (B), or'}, {'sub': 1', '30, '(C2) at least one aliphatic linear or branched monobasic C- to C-alcohol in case of an excess of the component (A); and'}], '(C) a chain stopping agent comprising], '(I) at least one complex ester obtained by an esterification reaction of(II) at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, wherein:a weight ratio of the complex ester (I) to the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid (II) is from 20 to 80:80 to 20; andthe fuel additive is adapted to function as an additive in a fuel for reducing fuel consumption in the operation of an internal combustion engine.2. The fuel additive of claim 1 , which is adapted to function as an additive in a fuel for reducing friction in internal combustion engines.3. The fuel additive of claim 1 , which is adapted to function as an additive in a fuel for improving acceleration ...

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AMIDE/ESTER CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS

The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition. 1. A composition comprising an ester or amide containing quaternary ammonium salt (“amide/ester quat”) , wherein the amide/ester quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 650 and comprises at least one polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride or polyisobutenyl succinic acid, and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent to form an ester or amide, and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a) a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product ofb) a quaternizing agent comprising a hydrocarbyl epoxide or a hydrocarbyl epoxide in combination with an acid; andwherein the reaction of a) and b) is essentially free of any additional acid component other than the acid group present in the acylating agent.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 350 to 650.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent has a number average molecular weight ranging from 350 to 550.5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a diesel fuel.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the amide/ester quat is present in the diesel fuel at a treat rate of 5 to 1000 ppm.7. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the diesel fuel further comprises at least one other additive that is a detergent claim 5 , a dispersant claim 5 , a demulsifier claim 5 , a lubricity agent claim 5 , a cold flow improver claim 5 , ...

ULTRA-LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT AMIDE/ESTER CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS HAVING SHORT HYDROCARBON TAILS

The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight less 300, and additive packages having such quaternary ammonium salts and improved stability. 1. A composition comprising an ester or amide containing quaternary ammonium salt (“amide/ester quat”) , wherein the amide/ester quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent has a number average molecular weight less than 300, and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having an oxygen or nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent to form an ester or amide, and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a) a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product ofb) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the quaternizable amino group of the nitrogen containing compound to a quaternary nitrogen.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable amino group is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises at least one dodecenyl succinic anhydride claim 1 , dodecenyl succinic acid claim 1 , hexadecenyl succinic anhydride claim 1 , hexadecenyl succinic acid claim 1 , octadecenyl succinic anhydride claim 1 , octadecenyl succinic acid claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.45-. (canceled)6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises at least one dialkyl sulfate claim 1 , alkyl halide claim 1 , hydrocarbyl substituted carbonate claim 1 , hydrocarbyl epoxide claim 1 , carboxylate claim 1 , alkyl ester claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.717-. (canceled)18. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrolyzed alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride with a molecular weight Mranging from about 225 to about 1000.19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the hydrolyzed ...

ULTRA-LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT IMIDE CONTAINING QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS HAVING SHORT HYDROCARBON TAILS

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight less 300, and additive packages having such quaternary ammonium salts and improved stability. 1. A composition comprising an imide containing quaternary ammonium salt (“imide quat”) , wherein the imide quat comprises the reaction product of: (i) a hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent, wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituent has a number average molecular weight less than 300, and', '(ii) a nitrogen containing compound having a nitrogen atom capable of reacting with said hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent to form an imide, and further having at least one quaternizable amino group; and, 'a) a quaternizable compound that is the reaction product ofb) a quaternizing agent suitable for converting the quaternizable amino group of the nitrogen containing compound to a quaternary nitrogen.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizable amino group is a primary claim 1 , secondary or tertiary amino group.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbyl-substituted acylating agent comprises at least one dodecenyl succinic anhydride claim 1 , dodecenyl succinic acid claim 1 , hexadecenyl succinic anhydride claim 1 , hexadecenyl succinic acid claim 1 , octadecenyl succinic anhydride claim 1 , octadecenyl succinic acid claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.45-. (canceled)6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the quaternizing agent comprises at least one dialkyl sulfate claim 1 , alkyl halide claim 1 , hydrocarbyl substituted carbonate claim 1 , hydrocarbyl epoxide claim 1 , carboxylate claim 1 , alkyl ester or mixtures thereof.717-. (canceled)18. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a hydrolyzed alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride with a molecular weight Mranging from about 225 to about 1000.19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the hydrolyzed alkenyl succinic acid or anhydride has a Mof 1000.20. The ...

USE OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS QUATERNISED WITH ALKYLENE OXIDE AND HYDROCARBYL-SUBSTITUTED POLYCARBOXYLIC ACID AS ADDITIVES IN FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

The invention relates to the use of quaternized nitrogen compounds as a fuel and lubricant additive or kerosene additive, such as in particular as a detergent additive, for decreasing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in common rail injection systems, for decreasing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines, in particular of diesel engines having common rail injection systems, and for minimizing the power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, in particular in diesel engines having common rail injection systems; the invention further relates to the use as an additive for petrol, in particular for operation of DISI engines. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the reaction product in the gasoline fuel or diesel fuel is from 10 to 5000 ppm by weight based on the total amount of the gasoline fuel or diesel fuel.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein addition of the reaction product increases the anticorrosive activity of the gasoline fuel or diesel fuel to artificial seawater according to ASTM D665B.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein addition of the reaction product increases the lubricity of the gasoline fuel or diesel fuel according to DIN ISO 12156-1.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Ris a C-C-hydrocarbyl group.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Rhas a number-average molecular weight (M) of 85 to 20 000 or is a polyalkylene radical having a degree of polymerization of 2 to 100.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein two of R claim 1 , Rand Rare the same or different and are each a straight-chain or branched C-C-alkyl radical and the other radical is C-C-alkyl.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein 0.1 to 4.0 equivalents of the hydrocarbyl epoxide (4) are used per equivalent of the tertiary amine (3).9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition is a diesel fuel and a sulfur content of the diesel fuel is 0 ...

FUEL ADDITIVES

Additive compositions comprising (a) a hydroxycarboxylic acid; and (b) a compound derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride wherein the ratio of (a) to (b) in the additive composition ranges from 1:9 to 9:1. The additive compositions may be added to a fuel. Methods of reducing wear in an engine comprising operating the engine using a fuel composition have the additive composition therein. The use of an additive composition in a fuel composition to reduce the fuel composition's coefficient of friction or to reduce wear in an engine. 1. An additive composition comprising:(a) a hydroxycarboxylic acid; and(b) a compound derived from a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid or anhydride (“HSSA compound”),wherein the ratio of (a) to (b) in said additive composition ranges from 1:9 to 9:1, 1:8 to 8:1, 1:7 to 7:1, 1:6 to 6:1, 1:5 to 5:1, 1:4 to 4:1, or 1:3 to 3:1.2. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein said additive composition further comprises (c) an organic solvent.3. The additive composition of claim 2 , wherein said organic solvent comprises at least one of 2-ethylhexanol claim 2 , naphtha claim 2 , dimethylbenzene claim 2 , or mixtures thereof.7. (canceled)9. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein said hydroxycarboxylic acid comprises at least one polyhydroxycarboxylic acid.10. The additive composition of claim 1 , wherein said hydroxycarboxylic acid comprises at least one of 12-hydroxystearic acid claim 1 , ricinoleic acid claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.11. A fuel composition comprising (i) fuel and (ii) an additive composition as in .12. The fuel composition of claim 11 , wherein said additive composition is present in an amount of at least 0.1 ppm to 1000 ppm based on a total weight of said fuel composition.13. The fuel composition of claim 11 , wherein said fuel comprises gasoline claim 11 , oxygenate claim 11 , or mixtures thereof.14. The fuel composition of claim 13 , wherein said fuel composition comprises 0.1 vol % to 100 ...

Petroleum Coke Compositions for Catalytic Gasification

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a petroleum coke and an alkali metal gasification catalyst, where the alkali metal gasification catalyst comprises a combination of an alkali metal hydroxide and one or more other alkali metal compounds are loaded onto coke for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Low dosage naphthenate inhibitors

Low dosage naphthenate inhibitors, such as a surfactant or hydrotrope, delivered into production fluids for contact with mixtures of oil and water, such as in a hydrocarbon producing formation, production equipment, or processing systems. Inhibitor compounds such as monophosphate esters and diphosphate esters exhibit surface-active properties that cause the inhibitors to self-associate at oil-water interfaces and inhibit interactions between organic acids in the oil with cations or cation complexes in the water. These compounds also inhibit aggregation of organic acid carboxylate salts that form when pH and pressure conditions are amenable to organic acid ionization. Preferred inhibitors do not form emulsions due to the formation of unstable mixed interface structures that result in coalescence of dispersed droplets. Naphthenate inhibitor compound dosages of less than 100 ppm can effectively inhibit naphthenate salts or other organic acid salts that can form precipitates or emulsions during crude oil production or processing.

Methods for inhibiting naphthenate salt precipitates and naphthenate-stabilized emulsions

Inhibiting naphthenate salts that can form precipitates or emulsions during crude oil production or processing. An effective amount of a naphthenate inhibitor, such as a hydrotrope, is provided into the production fluids for contact with mixtures of oil and water in the formation, the production equipment, or processing systems. It is believed that the naphthenate inhibitors, such as monophosphate ester or diphosphate ester, exhibit surface-active properties that cause the inhibitors to align and concentrate in a layer at the oil-water interface and thereby prevent interactions between organic acids in the oil phase with cations or cation complexes in the water. It is believed that the physical positioning and geometry of the naphthenate inhibitor blocks the growth of naphthenate salt crystals. However, it is preferred that the naphthenate inhibitors also avoid the formation of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.

Fuel additive compositions

A fuel additive composition comprising a sustained release component and an additive component, the additive component is effective to provide at least one benefit to a fuel when released into the fuel, the sustained release component is (1) a polymeric material, (2) substantially insoluble in the fuel, and (3) effective to reduce the rate of release of the additive component into the fuel relative to an identical composition without the sustained release component.

Methods and compositions that provide detergency

The present invention relates to methods of fueling an internal combustion engine, and composition, that provide improved nitrogen-free detergency in the engine, particularly in the area of injector deposit control. The present invention also provides methods of providing both improved detergency and improved corrosion inhibition, while avoiding compatibility problems with fuels and/or while limiting the amount of nitrogen delivered to he fuel from the deposit control additive.

Fuel additive composition containing a dispersion of iron particles and a detergent

The invention relates to a composition containing an additive for assisting particulate filter regeneration in the form of an organic dispersion of iron particles in crystallized form and a detergent comprising a quaternary ammonium salt.

Ion tolerant corrosion inhibitors and inhibitor combinations for fuels

This invention relates to compositions and methods for inhibiting corrosion and deposit formation in fuel handling equipment, with reduced or eliminated incidence of fuel filter plugging and internal diesel injector deposits (IDID) in the equipment that eventually employs the final commercially blended form of the fuel. More specifically, the invention relates to inhibiting corrosion from the walls of fuel pipelines and storage equipment and preventing deposits in engines.

Branched amine containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to branched amine containing quaternary ammonium salts, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel and oil compositions.

High molecular weight amide/ester containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight of 1300 to 3000, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

Low molecular weight imide containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

Imidazole containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to imidazole containing quaternary ammonium salts and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the compositions.

Epoxide quaternized quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to quaternary ammonium salts prepared with alcohol functionalized and/or C 4 to C 20 epoxide quaternizing agents, such as, for example, glycidol and 1,2-butylene oxide, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

Low molecular weight amide/ester containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to amide or ester containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight ranging from 300 to 750, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel composition.

High molecular weight imide containing quaternary ammonium salts

The present technology is related to imide containing quaternary ammonium salts having a hydrocarbyl substituent of number average molecular weight of 1300 to 3000, and the use of such quaternary ammonium salts in fuel compositions or lubricating compositions to improve the water shedding performance of the fuel or lubricant composition.