СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТОПЛИВА ИЗ МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОГО ВОЛОКНИСТОГО МАТЕРИАЛА (ВАРИАНТЫ) И СПОСОБ УПЛОТНЕНИЯ ВОЛОКНИСТОЙ КОМПОЗИЦИИ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМОЙ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТОПЛИВА

Изобретение относится к получению топлива из волокнистого материала. Каждый из вариантов способа предусматривает резку источника волокна с получением первого волокнистого материала и пропускание последнего через сито с получением второго волокнистого материала, который имеет относительно высокую удельную площадь поверхности, относительно высокую пористость и относительно низкую объемную плотность. Затем второй волокнистый материал объединяют с дрожжами, и/или бактерией, и/или ферментом для получения топлива. Второй вариант способа предусматривает проведение гидролиза волокнистого материала перед внесением дрожжей, и/или бактерии, и/или ферментов. Способ уплотнения волокнистой композиции предусматривает помещение композиции, полученной объединением резанного и пропущенного через сито волокнистого материала с бактерией и/или ферментом, в пакет из газонепроницаемого материала и удаление из него газа. Изобретения позволяют сократить время при производстве топлива за счет того, что волокнистый ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО ВЕЩЕСТВА

Изобретение относится к биотехнологической промышленности. Предложен способ получения химического вещества, продуцируемого микроорганизмом(ами) посредством непрерывной ферментации сахарного сиропа, полученного из целлюлозосодержащей биомассы. Способ включает фильтрацию культуральной жидкости через разделительную мембрану, сохранение не подвергнутой фильтрованию жидкости или возвращение не подвергнутой фильтрованию жидкости в культуральной(ую) жидкости(ь), добавление в культуральную жидкость исходного материала для ферментации и выделение химического продукта. Используемый микроорганизм(ы) подвергается подавлению катаболитами. Отношение пентозы к гексозе в сахарном сиропе от 1:9 до 9:1. Концентрация пентозы в фильтрате не более 5 г/л, при этом пентозой является ксилоза. Изобретение обеспечивает высокий выход химического вещества. 4 з.п. ф-лы, 35 табл., 37 пр.

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ СЦЕЖЕННЫХ ФЕРМЕНТИРОВАННЫХ МОЛОЧНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ

Изобретение относится к молочной промышленности, в частности к получению сцеженных ферментированных молочных продуктов. Способ предусматривает термообработку молочного материала, содержащего лактозу, ферментацию по меньшей мере одним штаммом молочнокислых бактерий, обладающим слабой способностью метаболизировать лактозу в кислой сыворотке, разделение, получая сцеженный ферментированный молочный продукт и побочную кислую сыворотку, содержащую лактозу. Способ может включать гомогенизацию ферментированного молочного продукта и по меньшей мере, одну стадию охлаждения. Предложен также сцеженный ферментированный продукт, получаемый данным способом. Изобретениями обеспечивается улучшение балльной оценки полноты аромата, отсутствие усиленного вкуса или аромата и отсутствие избыточных ноток продукта после его хранения в течение 55 дней. 2 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 4 табл., 4 пр.

СПОСОБ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ СОДЕРЖАЩИХ СО ГАЗООБРАЗНЫХ СУБСТРАТОВ В СРЕДЕ С НИЗКИМ СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ ФОСФАТА, ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ ДЛЯ СНИЖЕНИЯ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ВОДЫ

СПОСОБЫ ГАЗИЦИКАЦИИ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

... 1. Способ газификации углеродсодержащих материалов в газогенераторе с образованием газа, содержащего монооксид углерода, водород и деготь;причем указанный способ включает: загрузку одного или более углеродсодержащих материалов, подачу газа, содержащего молекулярный кислород, подачу метансодержащего газа и необязательно воды или водяного пара в указанный газогенератор;причем общее количество кислорода, подаваемого в указанный газогенератор, составляет более примерно 0,75 фунта на фунт общего количества углерода, загруженного в указанный газогенератор.2. Способ по п.1, в котором общее количество кислорода, подаваемое в указанный газогенератор, составляет примерно 0,75-3,0 фунта на фунт общего количества углерода, загруженного в указанный газогенератор.3. Способ по п.1, в котором указанный метансодержащий газ включает один или более газов, которые выбирают из: алканов, алкенов, алкинов, газа из органических отходов, биогаза, газа из реактора ферментативного разложения и природного газа.4.

СПОСОБ СНИЖЕНИЯ ВЫДЕЛЕНИЙ CO2 И ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ВЫХОДА СПИРТА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ СИН-ГАЗА

... 1. Способ обработки газа, выходящего после ферментации СО, включающий:подачу син-газа в первую зону ферментации;ферментацию син-газа иполучение отходящего из первого ферментера газа, имеющего концентрацию СО равную примерно 4 мол. % или более, при этом по меньшей мере часть отходящего из первого ферментера газа подается в одну или более последующих зон ферментации.2. Способ по п. 1, где отходящий из первой или любой последующей зоны ферментации газ подается в газовый котел с газовоздушным потоком.3. Способ по п. 1, где отходящий из первого ферментера газ смешивают с газом, содержащим Н, в количестве, обеспечивающем получение мольного отношения Нк СО равного примерно 0,2 или более, перед подачей этого газа в одну или более последующих зон ферментации.4. Способ по п. 1, где отходящий из первого ферментера газ смешивают с газом, содержащим СО в количестве, обеспечивающем получение мольного отношения Нк СО равного примерно 0,2 или более, перед подачей этого газа в одну или более последующих ...

СПОСОБ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОЦЕССОМ ФЕРМЕНТАЦИИ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА

... 1. Способ ферментации синтез-газа, включающий:подачу синтез-газа в реакционный сосуд с ферментационной средой,подачу в реакционный сосуд азота в количестве около 100 мг или более азота на граммсинтезируемых клеток, иферментацию синтез-газа,при этом способ обеспечивает среднюю проводимость около 16 мСм/м или менее и выход продукта за один проход в единицу (STY) 10 г этанола/(л·сутки) или более.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором источником азота является группа, включающая безводный аммиак, водный аммиак, гидроокись аммония, ацетат аммония, органические или неорганические нитраты и нитрилы, амины, имины, амиды, аминокислоты, аминоспирты и их смеси.3. Способ ферментации по п. 2, в котором источником азота является гидроокись аммония.4. Способ ферментации по п. 1, в котором синтез-газ имеет соотношение СО/СОоколо 0,75 или более.5. Способ ферментации по п. 1, в котором ферментация включает введение синтез-газа в контакт с ацетогенными бактериями одного или нескольких видов.6. Способ ферментации по ...

СПОСОБ КУЛЬТИВИРОВАНИЯ МИКРООРГАНИЗМОВ НА ВЫБРАННОМ НОСИТЕЛЕ

... 1. Способ культивирования бактерий на выбранном носителе, включающийуменьшение количество первого носителя с целью преобразования по меньшей мере части бактерий в споры,добавление выбранного носителя к спорам иобеспечение прорастания по меньшей мере части спор на выбранном носителе.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором выбранный носитель содержит синтез-газ.3. Способ по п. 2, в котором синтез-газ имеет молярное соотношение CO/COпо меньшей мере около 0,75.4. Способ по п. 1, в котором первый носитель содержит источник углерода, выбранный из группы, включающей дрожжевой экстракт, углеводы, спирт, аминокислоты, пептон, пептиды, белок, жирные кислоты, липид и их смеси.5. Способ по п. 1, в котором первый носитель и выбранный носитель не являются одинаковыми.6. Способ по п. 1, в котором бактериями являются ацетогенные бактерии.7. Способ по п. 6, в котором ацетогенные бактерии выбраны из группы, включающей Acetogenium kivui, Acetoanaerobium noterae, Acetobacterium woodii, Alkalibaculum bacchi CP11 (ATCC ...

Verfahren und Einrichtung zur ununterbrochenen Vergaerung von zuckerarmen Gaerfluessigkeiten auf Alkohol

Production of a fermentation product

The production of biomolecules using yeast

Increased ethanol production by bacterial cells

Dispersing feedstocks and processing materials

DISPERSING FEEDSTOCKS AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Apparatus and method for treating waste

Fibrous materials and compositions

Increased ethanol production by bacterial cells

Fibrous materials and compositions

PROCESSING BIOMASS

DISPERSING FEEDSTOCKS AND PROCESSING MATERIALS

Apparatus and method for treating waste

Increased ethanol production by bacterial cells

Processing biomass.

Methods and compositions for biomethane production

Apparatus and method for treating waste

Processing biomass.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Increased ethanol production by bacterial cells

Apparatus and method for treating waste

Processing biomass.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

NOVEL GLYCOSYL HYDROLASE ENZYMES AND USES THEREOF

The present disclosure is generally directed to glycosyl hydrolase enzymes, compositions comprising such enzymes, and methods of using the enzymes and compositions, for example for the saccharification of cellulosic and hemicellulosic materials into sugars. WO 2011/038019 PCT/US2010/049849 Cellulase Activity Assay 0.7% PASC, 500C, 2 Hours c 0.20 y = 0.0272x + 0.0146 0.10R2 =0.9955 GC220 (mg Protein/G PASC) FG. 2%5 AfuXyn5 ...

A process of producing a fermentation product from molasses

Alcohol production process

The invention relates to the production of products such as alcohols and acids by microbial fermentation, particularly microbial fermentation of substrates comprising CO. It more particularly relates to methods and systems for improving efficiency of products by microbial fermentation. In particular embodiments, the invention provides a method of optimising production of desired products including the step of ascertaining the proportion of CO converted to CO2.

Pentose and glucose fermenting yeast cell

The present invention relates to a yeast cell comprising one or more exogenous genes of a pentose metabolic pathway non-native to the yeast cell wherein the yeast cell has a disruption of the ...

Method for controlling undesirable byproducts formation caused by contaminating organisms in the production of ethanol from syngas

A method of operating a fermentation zone for the production of ethanol from syngas uses a crotonate-like compound to prevent or reverse the effects of butyrogen contamination. The crotonate-like compound works in continuous fermentation processes to reduce or eliminate contamination from butyrate and butanol in the syngas derived ethanol product.

Production of biofuel and protein from a raw material

Dispersing feedstocks and processing materials

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce ethanol. Biomass feedstock is dispersed in a liquid medium and then saccharified.

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products

Methods and systems for the production of hydrocarbon products, including providing a substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more micro-organisms; and fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more hydrocarbon products. The substrate comprising CO is derived from a CO2 reforming process.

Biomass liquefaction through gas fermentation

The invention provides methods and systems for the production of at least one product from the microbial fermentation of a gaseous susbtrate, wherein the gaseous substrate is derived from a biomass liquefaction process. The invention provides a method for improving efficiency of the fermentation by passing biomass accumulated in the fermentation process to the biomass liquefaction process for conversion to a gaseous substrate. In a particular aspect of the invention, the biomass liquefaction process is selected from pyrolysis or torrefaction.

Method for producing chemical substance

... [Problem] To provide a method for producing a chemical substance with high yield using a mixed sugar composed of a hexose and a pentose as a fermentation raw material. [Solution] Provided is a method for producing a chemical substance through continuous fermentation, said method comprising filtrating a culture solution of a microorganism using a separation membrane, retaining an unfiltered portion of the culture solution in the culture solution or refluxing the unfiltered portion through the culture solution, adding a new fermentation raw material to the culture solution and collecting a product from the culture solution, wherein the microorganism can undergo catabolite inhibition and the fermentation raw material comprises a hexose and a pentose.

Method for the simultaneous production of ethanol and a fermented, solid product

The invention relates to a method for the simultaneous production of a fermented, solid product and ethanol comprising the following steps: 1) providing a mixture of milled or flaked or otherwise disintegrated biomass, comprising oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides and live yeast in a dry matter ratio of from 2:1 to 100:1, and water; 2) fermenting the mixture resulting from step (1) under conditions where the water content in the initial mixture does not exceed 65 % by weight, for 1-36 hours at a temperature of about 25-60°C under anaerobic conditions; 3) incubating the fermented mixture resulting from step (2) for 0.5-240 minutes at a temperature of about 70-150°C; and 4) separating wet fermented, solid product from the fermented mixture resulting from step (3); further comprising either a) that the fermentation in step (2) is performed in one or more interconnected paddle worm or continuous worm conveyers with inlet means for the fermentation mixture and additives and outlet means ...

Method for sustaining microorganism culture in syngas fermentation process in decreased concentration or absence of various substrates

The present invention relates to methods for sustaining microorganism culture in a syngas fermentation reactor in decreased concentration or absence of various substrates comprising: adding carbon dioxide and optionally alcohol; maintaining free acetic acid concentrations; and performing the above mentioned steps within specified time.

Recombinant microorganisms with increased tolerance to ethanol

The invention provides a recombinant microorganism capable of producing one or more products by fermentation of a substrate comprising CO, wherein the microorganisms has an increased tolerance to ethanol. The invention also provides, inter alia, methods for the production of ethanol and one or more other products from a substrate comprising CO.

A process for fermenting CO-containing gaseous substrates in a low phosphate medium effective for reducing water usage

A process is provided for fermenting CO-containing gaseous substrates in a low phosphate medium. The process includes blending a liquid medium that includes at least one transition metal element with a liquid medium that includes at least at least one other transition metal element and one non-metal element to provide a fermentation medium. The process is effective for preventing precipitation of one or more transition metal elements with one or more non-metal elements. The fermentation medium used in the process is prepared in a way that requires significantly lower amounts of water and reduced levels of phosphate.

Dispersing Feedstocks And Processing Materials

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can convert feedstock materials to a sugar solution, which can then be fermented to produce 5 ethanol. Biomass feedstock is dispersed in a liquid medium and then saccharified.

GLYCOSYL HYDROLASE ENZYMES AND USES THEREOF FOR BIOMASS HYDROLYSIS

The present invention relates to compositions that can be used in hydrolyzing biomass such as compositions comprising a polypeptide having glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 61/endoglucanase activity and/or a P-glucosidase polypeptide, methods for hydrolyzing biomass material, and methods for using such compositions. WO 2012/125937 PCT/US2012/029470 SEQ ID Nucleotide/ Description NO: Amino Acid Desenption 1. Nucleotide Nucleotide sequence of Fv3A, a GH3 enzyme from F. verticillioides 2. Amino acid Protein sequence of Fv3A 3. Nucleotide Nucleotide sequence of Pf43A, a GH43 enzyme from P. funiculosum 4 Amino acid Protein sequence of Pf43A 5. Nucleotide Nucleotide sequence of Fv43E, a GH43 enzyme from F. verticiiioides 6. Amino acid Protein sequence of Fv43E 7, Nucleotide Nucleotide sequence of Fv39A, a GH39 enzyme from F. verticillioides 8. Amino acid Protein sequence of Fv39A 9. Nucleotide Nucleotide sequence of Fv43A, a GH43 enzyme from F. verticillioides 10. Amino acid Protein sequence of ...

METHOD FOR TREATING BIOMASS AND ORGANIC WASTE WITH THE PURPOSE OF GENERATING DESIRED BIOLOGICALLY BASED PRODUCTS

... ²²²The present invention provides a method for treatment of lignocellulosic ²organic waste or biomass, by which the carbohydrates are rendered more ²available for subsequent hydrolysis, e.g. by means of addition of enzymes or ²direct fermentation to one or more desired products. The invention more ²specifically relates to a method comprising a combination of the following ²process steps: thermal hydrolysis, wet oxidation and wet explosion. The method ²according to the present invention can operate with undivided or only poorly ²divided substrate having a high dry matter concentration.² ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING WASTE CONTAINING FERMENTABLE RAW MATERIAL

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for processing waste (1) containing fermentable raw materials selected from sugars and raw materials such as starch and cellulose capable of being saccharified into fermentable sugars. The method includes a crushing step for forming fine-divided waste (30), a saccharification step for saccharifying with saccharifying enzymes (20) the fine- divided waste (30) to obtain saccharified fine-divided waste (31), a fermentation step for fermenting with an ethanol-producing microorganism (23) said saccharified fine-divided waste (31) to obtain fermented fine-divided waste (32) containing mixture of ethanol and water (25), and a vaporization step for at least partly separating by vaporization said mixture of ethanol and water (25), a dehydrating step for at least partly dehydrating said fermented fine-divided waste (32) to form dry matter (24).

DILUTE ACID/METAL SALT HYDROLYSIS OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS

A modified dilute acid method of hydrolyzing the cellulose and hemicellulose in lignocellulosic material under conditions to obtain higher overall fermentable sugar yields than is obtained using dilute acid alone, comprising: impregnating a lignocellulosic feedstock with a mixture of an amount of aqueous solution of a dilute acid catalyst and a metal salt catalyst sufficient to provide higher overall fermentable sugar yields than is obtainable when hydrolyzing with dilute acid alone; loading the impregnated lignocellulosic feedstock into a reactor and heating for a sufficient period of time to hydrolyze substantially all of the hemicellulose and greater than 45% of the cellulose to water soluble sugars; and recovering the water soluble sugars.

INTEGRATION OF ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTREAMS IN BIOMASS TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION

... ²²²The present invention provides a method for treating biomass composed of ²integrated feedstocks to produce fermentable sugars. One aspect of the methods ²described herein includes a pretreatment step wherein biomass is integrated ²with an alternative feedstream and the resulting integrated feedstock, at ²relatively high concentrations, is treated with a low concentration of ammonia ²relative to the dry weight of biomass. In another aspect, a high solids ²concentration of pretreated biomass is integrated with an alternative ²feedstream for saccharifiaction.² ...

ENERGY CROPS FOR IMPROVED BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS

SOLUBILIZATION OF MSW WITH BLEND ENZYMES

The present invention relates to a method for solubilisation or hydrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with an enzyme blend and an enzyme composition for solubilization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), the enzyme composition comprising a cellulolytic background composition and a protease,lipase and/or beta-glucanase.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE

The objective of the present invention is to reduce the quantity of carbon dioxide emitted when producing organic substances. This apparatus 1 for producing organic substances comprises a synthesis gas generation furnace 11 and a fermentation vessel 13. The synthesis gas generation furnace 11 generates synthesis gas by partially oxidizing waste. The fermentation vessel 13 contains microbes that generate an organic substance from synthesis gas. The fermentation vessel 13 includes a first fermentation vessel 13a and a second fermentation vessel 13b. The first fermentation vessel 13a is connected to the synthesis gas generation furnace 11. The first fermentation vessel 13a contains, as microbes, Clostridium autoethanogenum. The second fermentation vessel 13b is connected to the first fermentation vessel 13a. The second fermentation vessel 13b contains, as microbes, Clostridium Ijungdahlii.

INTEGRATED BIO-DIGESTION FACILITY

Methods and systems for pro-cessing organic waste material are provided. These methods and systems include integrating an anaerobic bio-digester and nutrient recovery module with a bio-production facility, which can locally provide feedstock for the bio-pro-duction facility, and can locally provide organ-ic material for the anaerobic bio-digester. Methods and systems for integrating an anaer-obic bio- digester with a gas cleaner are also provided, which can recover nutrients while cleaning the biogas produced by the anaerobic bio-digester.

METHOD FOR SUSTAINING MICROORGANISM CULTURE IN SYNGAS FERMENTATION PROCESS IN DECREASED CONCENTRATION OR ABSENCE OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATES

The present invention relates to methods for sustaining microorganism culture in a syngas fermentation reactor in decreased concentration or absence of various substrates comprising: adding carbon dioxide and optionally alcohol; maintaining free acetic acid concentrations; and performing the above mentioned steps within specified time.

A PROCESS FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS OF PLANT ORIGIN, AND A COMBUSTION PROCESS

The invention provides a process for the conversion of biomass into a biomass product which is suitable for use as a fuel. The biomass is of plant origin and comprises microorganisms naturally occurring in the biomass. The process comprises - preparing a slurry by dispersing the biomass comprising the naturally occurring microorganisms in an aqueous liquid, maintaining the slurry at conditions suitable for aerobic digestion by the microorganisms to obtain a slurry comprising the biomass product as a dispersed solid phase, and - recovering the biomass product. The recovering comprises washing and drying the biomass product. The invention also provides a combustion process.

ALCOHOL PRODUCTION PROCESS

The invention relates to methods for improving the efficiency of carbon capture in microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO and/or H2; said method comprising applying an electrical potential across the fermentation. In certain aspects the invention relates to improving the efficiency of carbon capture in the microbial fermentation of gaseous substrate comprising CO and/or H2 to produce alcohol(s) and/or acid (s). In particular the invention relates to methods for improving the efficiency of carbon capture in carboxydotrophic fermentation.

A FERMENTATION METHOD

This invention relates to the integration of an ammonia production process with a fermentation process to produce products such as alcohols and/or acids in addition to ammonia. In a specific embodiment, a natural gas stream comprising methane is passed to a reforming zone to produce a substrate comprising CO and H2. The substrate is next passed to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more microorganisms and fermenting the culture to produce one or more fermentation products comprising alcohols and/or acids and an exhaust stream comprising CO2, and H2. The exhaust stream can then be passed to a separation zone to remove at least a portion of the CO2 and produce a purified exhaust stream comprising H2 which is then passed to an ammonia production zone and is used to produce ammonia.

METHODS FOR GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS

The present disclosure is generally directed to process of gasification of carbonaceous materials to produce synthesis gas or syngas. The present disclosure provides improved methods of gasification comprising adding a molecular oxygen- containing gas and optionally adding water into said gasifier. This disclosure is also directed to process of production of one or more alcohols from said syngas via fermentation or digestion in the presence of at least one microorganism.

METHODS TO DEGRADE SLUDGE FROM PULP AND PAPER MANUFACTURING

A method to degrade or digest sludge, such as from pulp and/or paper manufacturing, is described. Compositions to use in the method are further described.

A PROCESS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS ON A SELECTED SUBSTRATE

A process is provided that is effective for allowing bacteria to be cultured in a selected substrate. Bacteria are sporulated and then germinated in the presence of a selected substrate and medium.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur ununterbrochenen Vergärung von zuckerarmen Gärflüssigkeiten auf Alkohol.

Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Äthylalkohol durch Gärung.

IMPROVED TRAPPING CARBON AT FERMENTATION

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ БИОМАССЫ И ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ОТХОДОВ С ЦЕЛЬЮ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЖЕЛАЕМЫХ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

Изобретение относится к способу обработки лигноцеллюлозного органического отхода или биомассы, в результате которой обеспечивается большая доступность углеводов для последующего гидролиза, например с введением ферментов или прямого брожения с образованием одного или нескольких желаемых продуктов. В частности, изобретение относится к способу, включающему комбинацию следующих технологических стадий: термического гидролиза, влажного окисления и влажного взрыва. Способ согласно изобретению может применяться на цельном или малоизмельченном субстрате с высоким содержанием сухого вещества.

FERMENTATION AND METHOD WITH PSEVDODVIZhUShchIMSYa LAYER

CATALYSTS BASED ON POLYMER ION SALTS AND METHODS OF THEIR SYNTHESIS

STRAINS OF YEAST, CONSTRUCTED FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM ACETIC ACID AND GLYCEROL

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ

В изобретении способ и устройство для повторного использования городских бытовых отходов включают подвергание отходов обработке водяным паром при температуре 150-200°С. После паровой обработки полученный материал разделяют на составные части и биомассу и/или пластмассы подвергают дополнительной обработке. Дополнительная обработка предпочтительно дает биоэтанол из биомассы и дизельное топливо из пластмасс. В качестве альтернативы часть биомассы или вся биомасса может быть подвергнута газификации, чтобы получать водород, который, в свою очередь, может быть подан в топливный элемент для производства электрической энергии. Биодизельное топливо или биоспирт могут быть также использованы для получения электроэнергии.

METHOD OF CONTROLLING CONCENTRATION OF ETHANOL IN FERMENTATION TIME SYNTHESIS OF - GAS

METHOD OF CHECKING FORMATION OF UNDESIRED BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, CAUSED BY KONTAMINIRUYuShchIMI ORGANISMS AT PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM SYNTHETIC GAS

STRAINS OF YEAST, CONSTRUCTED FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM ACETIC ACID AND GLYCEROL

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ

Способ и устройство для повторного использования городских бытовых отходов включает подвергание отходов обработке водяным паром при температуре 150-200°С. После паровой обработки полученный материал разделяют на составные части и биомассу и/или пластмассы подвергают дополнительной обработке. Дополнительная обработка предпочтительно дает биоэтанол из биомассы и дизельное топливо из пластмасс. В качестве альтернативы часть биомассы или вся биомасса может быть подвергнута газификации, чтобы получать водород, который, в свою очередь, может быть подан в топливный элемент для производства электрической энергии. Биодизельное топливо или биоспирт могут быть также использованы для получения электроэнергии.

TREATMENT OF MATERIALS

METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING ALCOHOLS AND/OR ACIDS

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ БИОМАССЫ И ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ОТХОДОВ С ЦЕЛЬЮ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ЖЕЛАЕМЫХ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОДУКТОВ

Изобретение относится к способу обработки лигноцеллюлозного органического отхода или биомассы, в результате которой обеспечивается большая доступность углеводов для последующего гидролиза, например, с введением ферментов или прямого брожения с образованием одного или нескольких желаемых продуктов. В частности, изобретение относится к способу, включающему комбинацию следующих технологических стадий: термического гидролиза, влажного окисления и влажного взрыва. Способ согласно изобретению может применяться на цельном или малоизмельченном субстрате с высоким содержанием сухого вещества.

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ, А ТАКЖЕ СПОСОБЫ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОСПИРТА, ТОПЛИВА ДЛЯ ТОПЛИВНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА И АВИАЦИОННОГО ТОПЛИВА

Способ и устройство для повторного использования городских бытовых отходов включает подвергание отходов обработке водяным паром при температуре 150-. После паровой обработки полученный материал разделяют на составляющие части, и биомассу и/или пластмассы подвергают дополнительной обработке. Дополнительная обработка преимущественно дает биоэтанол из биомассы и дизельное топливо из пластмасс. В качестве альтернативы часть боимассы или вся биомасса может быть подвергнута газификации для получения водорода, который, в свою очередь, может подаваться в топливный элемент для производства электрической энергии. Биодизельное топливо или биоспирт могут быть также использованы для получения электроэнергии.

ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ И ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА НОВОГО ВИДА КЛОСТРИДИЙ

Обеспечивается новый бактериальный вид клостридий (Clostridium ragsdalei, ATCC BAA-622 и/или PTA-7826, «P11»). P11 способен синтезировать из газообразных отходов продукты, которые пригодны в качестве биологического топлива. В частности, P11 может превращать CO в этанол. Таким образом, эта новая бактерия трансформирует газообразные отходы (например, синтетический газ и нефтезаводские отходы) в полезные продукты. P11 также катализирует продукцию ацетата.

PROCESSING BIOMASS

TREATMENT OF MATERIALS

PROCESSING OF BIOMASS

МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СПИРТА

Изобретение относится к производству спиртов путем микробной ферментации, в частности к производству спиртов путем микробной ферментации субстратов, содержащих CO. Более конкретно, оно относится к способам производства спиртов из соответствующих им кислот в присутствии субстрата, содержащего CO. В конкретных вариантах осуществления реакцию ферментации с продуцированием кислоты или кислот и необязательно спирта или спиртов подвергают пертурбации таким образом, что по меньшей мере часть одной или нескольких кислот превращается в спирт.

МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ СБРАЖИВАЮЩИХ АРАБИНОЗУ ДРОЖЖЕВЫХ КЛЕТОК

Изобретение касается эукариотических клеток, экспрессирующих нуклеотидные последовательности, кодирующие ферменты araA, araB и araD, причем экспрессия этих нуклеотидных последовательностей придает клеткам способность к утилизации L-арабинозы и/или к превращению L-арабинозы в L-рибулозу, и/или ксилулозо-5-фосфат, и/или в желательный продукт брожения типа этанола. Необязательно эукариотические клетки также обладают способностью к превращению ксилозы в этанол.

METHOD OF COMBINED PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL AND FERMENTED SOLID PRODUCT

MICROBIOLOGICAL METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL

METHOD OF FERMENTATION OF

PROCESSING OF BIOMASS

PROCESSING OF BIOMASS

METHOD OF DECOMPOSITION OF BIOMASS MATERIAL, CONTAINING LIGNOCELLULOSE

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBON PRODUCTS

Molding method and molding mechanism for a biologic material of fabricable material

This invention discloses a process and a device for shaping the loosen material of raw vegetable matter. The process may be carried out by shredding the raw vegetable matter into loosen granule and pressing it into a mould. There is at least one wedge-shaped chamber between the pressing head and the squeezing surface of a molding die. After being grind, rubbed and stretched by the pressing head and the squeezing surface which move relatively to each other, the granular vegetable material is carried to the narrow end of the wedge-shaped chamber so that it is squeeed into the cavity of molding die. The product obtained by the present process and apparatus possesses certain intensity of tension and moisture ersistance so as to be conventient for preservation and reduce the cost of production, transportation and storage.

Device for manufacturing organic substance and method for manufacturing organic substance

Method for treating municipal solid waste (MSW) by microbial hydrolysis and fermentation

IBE-FERMENTATION PROCESS

De-fatted soy production process and value added by-products from de-fatted soy flour

An improved process for producing de-fatted soy utilizing a de-fatted soy flour and for producing value added by-products from de-fatted soy flour wherein soybeans are de-hulled and the de-hulled stream ground to a flour consistency. The ground soy flour is mixed with water and other additives to produce a vitamin and mineral enriched stream that is then filtered to various value added by-products. In a preferred embodiment the vitamin and mineral enriched stream is filtered through a 0.1-1.0 micron membrane to produce a de-fatted soy product stream and a fatted soy product stream. The fatted soy product stream can be dried to produce dry, less than 12% water by weight, product B for use in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. The de-fatted soy product can be filtered through reverse osmosis (RO) filtration unit to obtain a vitamin and mineral enriched product stream that can be dried to powder form and used as a food supplement additive I. If desired the full fatted soy flour or the de-fatted soy product stream can be combined with whole stillage from an ethanol process and used in producing various other value added products.

nucleic acid molecule for encoding xylose isomerase and xylose isomerase encoded by the nucleic acid molecule

A novel xylose isomerase nucleotide sequence obtained from a bovine rumen fluid metagenomic library and also provides the amino acid sequence encoded by the nucleotide sequence, and a vector and a transformant containing the nucleotide sequence. When the xylose isomerase is expressed, a host cell is endowed with the capability of converting xylose into xylulose, and the xylulose is further metabolized by the host cell. Therefore, the host cell can take the xylose as a carbon source for growth. The xylose isomerase from a new source is expressed with high activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is a mesophilic enzyme with optimal temperature of 60° C.

Alcohol Production Process

The invention relates generally to methods for improving the microbial fermentation of gaseous substrates to produce one or more products. The invention relates to the capture of one or more components of a gaseous stream in a liquid. The invention relates to the deoxygenation of a liquid by contacting the liquid with a gaseous stream. The invention relates to methods of increasing efficiency of fermentation by using gas streams exiting a bioreactor to deoxygenate liquid streams entering a bioreactor.

Biological and chemical process utilizing chemoautotrophic microorganisms for the chemosythetic fixation of carbon dioxide and/or other inorganic carbon sources into organic compounds, and the generation of additional useful products

The invention described herein presents compositions and methods for a multistep biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon into organic chemicals including biofuels or other useful industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, or biomass products. One or more process steps utilizes chemoautotrophic microorganisms to fix inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemosynthesis. An additional feature described are process steps whereby electron donors used for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon are generated by chemical or electrochemical means, or are produced from inorganic or waste sources. An additional feature described are process steps for the recovery of useful chemicals produced by the carbon dioxide capture and conversion process, both from chemosynthetic reaction steps, as well as from non-biological reaction steps.

MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTOR (MBBR) PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF SYNGAS COMPONENTS TO LIQUID PRODUCTS

A moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) produces liquid products from a gaseous substrate of CO and/or CO/Husing a biomass that grows on the surface of carrier suspended in a fermentation broth into which the gaseous substrate is at least partially dissolved. The injection devices include gas spargers and preferably a high efficiency gas transfer process such as jet or slot aerator/gas transfer devices. The gas injection device introduces the gas in the form of microbubbles in a substantially horizontal directions that creates eddy currents in the surrounding liquid for thoroughly mixing the fermentation broth in a fermentation vessel. Gas bubbles from the gas delivery device rise through the liquid surface and provide additional mixing and gas dissolution. The motion of gas and liquid keeps the biomass carrier moving can also provide sufficient shear so as to maintain the biofilm thickness on the biomass carrier media in the desirable range. The result of combining a MBBR process for gaseous components of CO and/or CO/Hwith a highly efficient gas transfer process results in an economical and high product volumetric production rate process for producing liquid fuels such as ethanol. 1. A process for converting a feed gas containing at least one of CO , Hand COand a mixture of CO , Hand CO to a liquid product , said process comprising:a) passing a feed gas into a vessel that retains a fermentation broth and microorganisms therein under anaerobic conditions with the fermentation broth supplying nutrients to the microorganisms that produce a liquid product from the feed gas;b) passing the feed gas and liquid medium into an injector to at least partially entrain the feed gas into the liquid medium as microbubbles;c) delivering the entrained feed gas and liquid medium to the fermentation broth as a plume and injecting the plume into the vessel in a substantially horizontal direction;d) retaining inert microorganism carriers having a surface supporting a biofilm of the ...

Optimised Fermentation Media

The invention relates to improvements in the production of alcohols by microbial fermentation, particularly to production of alcohols by microbial fermentation of a substrate comprising CO. It more particularly relates to the addition of an inorganic sulfur source to a fermentation system such that one or more micro-organisms convert a substrate comprising CO to alcohols. In a particular embodiment, a microbial culture is provided with sodium polysulfide, wherein a substrate comprising CO is converted to products including ethanol and 2,3-butanediol.

Fermentation Process

This invention relates generally to methods for increasing the efficiency of microbial growth and production of products, such as alcohols and acids by microbial fermentation of substrates containing carbon monoxide. More particularly the invention relates to the provision of an alternative sulphur source to a liquid nutrient medium, such that sulphur is available to one or more microorganisms of the fermentation.

Methods and Systems for the Production of Alcohols and/or Acids

Methods and systems for the production of one or more products from a gas stream produced in a methanol production process. The method comprises converting at least a portion of a methane feedstock to a substrate comprising CO and H2. The substrate comprising CO and H2 is anaerobically fermented in a bioreactor to produce one or more alcohols. The method and system may further include process for the production of methanol processes for the production of acetic acid. 121-. (canceled)22. A method for producing one or more products from a gas stream comprising methane , the method comprising;{'sub': '2', 'a) converting at least a portion of the gas stream to a substrate comprising CO and Hby catalytic oxidation;'}{'sub': '2', 'b) passing a portion of the substrate to a methanol synthesis vessel operated at conditions to convert at least a portion of the CO and Hto methanol; and'}{'sub': '2', 'c) passing a second portion of the substrate of step (a) to a bioreactor containing a culture of at least one microorganism, and anaerobically fermenting at least a portion of the substrate comprising CO and Hto produce at least one product.'}23. The method of further comprising taking an exit gas stream comprising CO and Hfrom the methanol synthesis vessel and passing it to the bioreactor for use as a fermentation substrate.24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the at least one product is selected from the group consisting of ethanol; 2 claim 22 ,3-butanediol; and acetic acid.25. The method of wherein a hydrogen rich gas stream is produced as a by-product of the fermentation claim 22 , the hydrogen rich gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide.26. The method of further comprising passing the hydrogen rich gas stream to a second bioreactor comprising a culture of at least one microorganism; and anaerobically fermenting at least a portion of the hydrogen rich gas stream to produce at least one product.27. The method of wherein the at least one product is selected from the ...

Method of Operation of A Syngas Fermentation Process

A process is provided for fermentation of syngas that is effective for reducing conductivity and providing an alcohol STY of about 10 g ethanol/(L·day). The process includes introducing the syngas into a reactor vessel and providing a nitrogen feed rate to the reactor vessel of about 100 mg or more nitrogen/gram of cells produced. Fermentation of the syngas is effective for providing a fermentation medium having an average conductivity of about 16 mS/cm or less and an STY of 10 g ethanol/(L·day) or more.

Carbon capture in fermentation

The invention relates to methods of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO. The methods of the invention include converting CO to one or more products including alcohols and/or acids and optionally capturing CO2 to improve overall carbon capture. In certain aspects, the invention relates to processes for producing alcohols, particularly ethanol, from industrial waste streams, particularly steel mill off-gas.

Process and method for improving the water reuse, energy efficiency, fermentation, and products of an ethanol fermentation plant

A method of processing stillage by hydrothermally fractionating stillage to create unique product fractions, by heating the stillage to a temperature of 250 degrees F. to 350 degrees F., and recovering a stickwater fraction from the stillage. Stickwater, oil, biomass, bio-products, extracts, metabolites, and treated water obtained from the method above. A method of performing ethanol fermentation by hydrothermally fractionating stillage to create unique product fractions by heating the stillage to a temperature of 250 degrees F. to 350 degrees F., separating the stillage into a ProFat fraction and a stickwater fraction, and recovering oil from the ProFat fraction.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR IMPROVING ETHANOL YIELD

Systems and methods for improving ethanol yield are provided. A feedstock is ground suitably fine for use in fermentation. The feedstock may include corn or any other suitable material. In some cases, the feedstock undergoes a fractionation prior to grinding. The ground feedstock may be slurried with water and enzymes to facilitate conversion of the starch in the feedstock to sugars. The slurry may be about 35% solids. After being slurried, an ethanologen may be added. Additionally, the pH of the slurry may be adjusted to between 4.2 and 5.2 to facilitate the priming A primer is added to the slurry. The primer may include any weak acid, and in some embodiments includes acetic acid. Acetic acid, when used as a primer, may be added at a concentration of between 1200 and 3600 parts per million. The slurry is fermented to produce improved yields of ethanol. 1. A method for improving ethanol yield comprising:grinding a feedstock to generate a grind;combining the grind with water and enzymes to produce a slurry, wherein starch in the grind is converted to sugars in the slurry;adjusting the pH of the slurry to facilitate priming;adding an ethanologen to the slurry;priming the slurry by adding a priming agent; andfermenting the slurry to produce ethanol.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the priming agent is one of a weak acid and formaldehyde.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is corn.4. The method as recited in claim 3 , further comprising fractionating the corn into germ claim 3 , endosperm claim 3 , and bran.5. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is ground to greater than 90% fines.6. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the slurry comprises about 35% solids.7. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the adjusting comprises adjusting the pH to between 4.2 and 5.2.8. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the slurry includes a backset claim 1 , and at least some portion of the backset is thin stillage. ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECYCLING AND REUSING BEVERAGES AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND CONTAINER MATERIALS

A system for destruction and recycling of containers (such as bottles, cans and the like), as well as associated liquids, food products or other residue, greatly reduces waste discharge and/or disposal requirements. Packaging and other solids are shredded, ground or otherwise processed, while associated liquids are collected. Evaporation removes water for reuse, thus concentrating sugars and other food materials for utilization as agricultural amendments or stock for bio-product production. Bio-fuels/solvents are generated, typically using an Immobilized Microbe Bioreactor system modified for fuels/solvents production. 1. A method for recycling solid containers , beverages or other liquids comprising:a) receiving a waste materials comprising at least one solid container and at least one liquid;b) separating said at least one solid container from said at least one liquid;c) concentrating sugars from said at least one liquids to create feed stock; andd) generating bio-fuel from said feed stock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of separating said at least one solid container from said at least one liquid further comprises cutting said at least one solid container.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said step of separating said at least one solid container from said at least one liquid further comprises collecting said at least one liquid in at least one catchment basin.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of concentrating sugars from said at least one liquid to create feed stock comprises evaporating water from said at least one liquid.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said step of generating bio-fuel from said feed stock comprises fermentation.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said fermentation is performed using at least one immobilized microbe bioreactor.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein solids from the fermentation process are directed to an aerobic or anaerobic digester.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein gases produced in anaerobic digestion ...

Process for reducing co2 emissions and increasing alcohol productivity in syngas fermentation

A process is provided that is effective for reducing CO 2 emissions, enhancing STY and/or increasing cell density. The process allows for utilization of syngas from different sources by controlling concentration levels of CO, CO 2 and H 2 in syngas provided to the fermentation and by controlling relative concentrations of CO, CO 2 and H 2 in the syngas provided to the fermentation. The process includes providing syngas to a first fermentation zone and fermenting the syngas. If the first fermentation zone off-gas includes about 4 mole % or more CO, then at least a portion of the first fermentor off-gas is provided to one or more subsequent fermentation zones.

BLAST FURNACE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A BLAST FURNACE

A process for processing metal ore includes: reducing a metal ore, particularly a metallic oxide, in a blast furnace shaft; producing furnace gas containing CO, in the blast furnace shaft; discharging the furnace gas from the blast furnace shaft; directing at least a portion of the furnace gas directly or indirectly into a CO-converter; and converting the COcontained in the furnace gas into an aerosol consisting of a carrier gas and C-particles in the CO-converter in the presence of a stoichiometric surplus of C; directing at least a first portion of the aerosol from the CO-converter into the blast furnace shaft; and introducing HO into the blast furnace shaft. By virtue of the reaction C+HO→CO+2H, nascent hydrogen is produced in the blast furnace which causes rapid reduction of the metal ore. The speed of reduction of the metal ore is thus increased, and it is possible to increase either the throughput capacity of the blast furnace or to reduce the size of the blast furnace. An aerosol in the form of a fluid is easily introducible into the blast furnace shaft. 142-. (canceled)43. A method for processing metal ore comprising the following steps:{'b': '2', 'reducing a metal ore in a blast furnace shaft ();'}{'sub': '2', 'b': '2', 'producing furnace gas containing COin the blast furnace shaft ();'}{'b': '2', 'discharging the furnace gas from the blast furnace shaft ();'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'b': 4', '4, 'directing the furnace gas directly or indirectly into a CO-converter () and converting the COcontained in the furnace gas into an aerosol consisting of a carrier gas and C-particles in the CO-converter () in the presence of a stoichiometric surplus of C;'}{'sub': '2', 'b': 4', '2, 'directing a first portion of the aerosol from the CO-converter () into the blast furnace shaft ();'}{'sub': '2', 'b': '4', 'wherein a second portion of the aerosol from the CO-converter () is fed to a further processing process; or'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'b': '4', 'wherein the second portion of ...

Carbon capture in fermentation

The invention relates to a steel mill adapted to provide gas stream(s) comprising CO to a microbial fermentation, the steel mill comprising a steel mill structure containing apparatus for a steel manufacturing process wherein said apparatus produces waste gases during various stages of the steel making process, said waste gases being directed into the atmosphere by a waste stack, wherein the waste stack is connected to a fermentation system by a transfer means connected to the waste stack to divert at least a portion of the waste gases to the microbial fermentation system.

Pulping Liquors and Uses Thereof

The present invention relates generally to the generation of bio-products from organic matter feedstocks. More specifically, the present invention relates to the use of pulping liquors in the hydrothermal/thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic and/or fossilised organic feedstocks into biofuels (e.g. bio-oils) and/or chemical products (e.g. platform chemicals). 1. A method for producing a bio-product from organic matter feedstock , the method comprising:providing a reaction mixture comprising the organic matter feedstock, a solvent, and pulping liquor;treating the reaction mixture in a reactor vessel at a reaction temperature and pressure suitable for conversion of all or a portion of the organic matter feedstock into a product mixture comprising the bio-product; anddepressurising and cooling the product mixture;wherein the reaction mixture and product mixture move in continuous flow through reactor vessel during said treating.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of:(i) lignite feedstock;(ii) lignocellulosic feedstock; or(iii) a mixture of lignocellulosic and lignite feedstock.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic matter feedstock comprises or consists of lignocellulosic feedstock.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pulping liquor is black pulping liquor (black liquor).5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the black liquor comprises:{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', '4', '2', '2', '3, '(i) between about 4 wt % and 10 wt % sodium hydroxide (NaOH), between about 10 wt % and 30 wt % sodium sulfide (NaS), between about 25 wt % and about 50 wt % sodium carbonate (NaCO), between about 5 wt % and about 15 wt % sodium sulfite (NaSO), between about 8 wt % and about 20 wt % sodium sulfate (NaSO), between about 10 wt % and about 25 wt % sodium thiosulfate (NaSO), and between about 10 wt % and about 90 wt % organic solids or between about 30% and about 70% organic solids; or'}{'sub': 2', '2', '3', '2', '3', '2', ...

POLYPEPTIDES HAVING GLUCOAMYLASE ACTIVITY AND POLYNUCLEOTIDES ENCODING SAME

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. 1. A nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide comprising a nucleic acid sequence that encodes a polypeptide having glucoamylase activity and at least 70% sequence identity to the amino acids 22 to 616 of SEQ ID NO: 2 operably linked to one or more heterologous control sequences that direct the production of the polypeptide in an expression host.2. A recombinant expression vector comprising the nucleic acid construct of .3. A recombinant host cell comprising the nucleic acid construct of .4. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a fungal host cell.5. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a yeast host cell.6Candida cell, Hansenula cell, Kluyveromyces cell, Pichia cell, Saccharomyces cell, SchizosaccharomycesYarrowia. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a yeast host cell selected from the group consisting of a cell claim 3 , and a cell.7Saccharomyces diastaticusSaccharomyces douglasiiSaccharomyces kluyveriSaccharomyces norbensisSaccharomyces oviformis. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a yeast host cell selected from the group consisting of a cell claim 3 , a cell claim 3 , a cell claim 3 , a cell claim 3 , and a cell.8Kluyveromyces lacticYarrowia lipolytica. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a cell or a call.9Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The recombinant host cell of claim 3 , which is a cell.10. A method of producing a polypeptide having glucoamylase activity and at least 70% sequence identity to amino acids 22 to 616 of SEQ ID NO: 2 claim 3 , comprising:(a) cultivating a host cell comprising a nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide encoding the polypeptide under conditions conducive ...

METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL AND A FERMENTED, SOLID PRODUCT

The invention relates to a method for the simultaneous production of a fermented, solid product and ethanol comprising the following steps: 1) providing a mixture of milled or flaked or otherwise disintegrated biomass, comprising oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides and live yeast in a dry matter ratio of from 2:1 to 100:1, and water; 2) fermenting the mixture resulting from step (1) under conditions where the water content in the initial mixture does not exceed 65% by weight, for 1-36 hours at a temperature of about 25-60°C. under anaerobic conditions; 3) incubating the fermented mixture resulting from step (2) for 0.5-240 minutes at a temperature of about 70-150°C.; and 4) separating wet fermented, solid product from the fermented mixture resulting from step (3); further comprising either a) that the fermentation in step (2) is performed in one or more interconnected paddle worm or continuous worm conveyers with inlet means for the fermentation mixture and additives and outlet means for the ferment as well as control means for rotation speed, temperature and pH, or b) that one or more processing aids are added in any of steps (1), (2) and (3) and further comprising a step of 5) separating crude ethanol from the fermented mixture in step (2) by vacuum and/or in step (3) by vacuum or by injection of steam and condensing the surplus stripping steam. The invention further relates to the products of this method as well as uses thereof. 125-. (canceled)26. A fermented , solid protein product obtained from a biomass by a process comprising:(1) providing an initial mixture of a milled or flaked or otherwise disintegrated biomass, comprising proteins and oligosaccharides and/or polysaccharides, and live yeast in a dry matter ratio of from 2:1 to 100:1, and water, wherein the water content in the initial mixture does not exceed 65% by weight of the initial mixture;(2) adding one or more processing aids to the mixture prior to fermenting,(3) fermenting the mixture for 1- ...

MICROBIAL ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRICITY AND BIOPRODUCTS THEREIN

Bioelectrochemical systems comprising a microbial fuel cell (MFC) or a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) are provided. Either type of system is capable of fermenting insoluble or soluble biomass, with the MFC capable of using a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) organism to also hydrolyze an insoluble biomass, and an electricigen to produce electricity. In contrast, the MEC relies on electricity input into the system, a fermentative organism and an electricigen to produce fermentative products such as ethanol and 1,3-propanediol from a polyol biomass (e.g., containing glycerol). Related methods are also provided. 122-. (canceled)23. A method of using a microbial electrolysis cell comprising:setting a potential in the microbial electrolysis cell between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode;{'i': 'Clostridium cellulolyticum', 'performing a fermentation step comprising fermentation only or fermentation and hydrolysis in the microbial electrolysis cell with one or more mesophilic consolidated bioprocessing organisms to convert biomass located in the microbial electrolysis cell to a bioproduct, wherein the fermentation step also produces one or more fermentation byproducts which contain electrons and protons, wherein the one or more mesophilic consolidated bioprocessing organisms also anaerobically co-ferment six- and five-carbon sugars and comprise one or more cellulomonads, or one or more clostridial strains, not including ; and'}in the presence of the potential, allowing a second organism comprising an electricigen cultured at a temperature not greater than 40° C. to convert substantially all the fermentation byproducts to electricity by first transferring substantially all the electrons present in the one or more fermentation byproducts to the anode electrode to produce a film which catalytically splits the electrons and the protons, wherein the electrons thereafter flow from the anode electrode towards the cathode electrode to produce the electricity, further ...

SOLUBILIZATION OF MSW WITH BLEND ENZYMES

The present invention relates to a method for solubilisation or hydrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with an enzyme blend and an enzyme composition for solubilization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), the enzyme composition comprising a cellulolytic background composition and a protease, lipase and/or beta-glucanase. 1. A process for solubilizing waste comprising:contacting Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with an enzyme composition comprising a cellulolytic background composition comprising (a) a cellobiohydrolase I or variant thereof; (b) a cellobiohydrolase II or variant thereof; (c) a beta-glucosidase or variant thereof; and (d) a polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity;and one or more enzymes selected from (i) a protease; (ii) a lipase and (iii) a beta-glucanase.2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the waste is pretreated.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme composition further comprises one or more enzymes selected from (iv) a pectate lyase; (v) a mannanase; and (vi) an amylase.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10Aspergillus fumigatusAspergillus fumigatusAspergillus fumigatusPenicillium. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cellobiohydrolase I of (a) is an cellobiohydrolase I or variant thereof; the cellobiohydrolase II of (b) is an cellobiohydrolase II or variant thereof; the beta-glucosidase of (c) is an beta-glucosidase or variant thereof; and the polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity of (d) is a sp. GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity; or homologs thereof.11Bacillus.. The process of claim 1 , wherein the protease (i) of the enzyme composition is derived from the genus12ThermomycesHumicola.. The process of claim 1 , wherein the lipase (ii) of the enzyme composition is derived from the genus or from the genus13Aspergillus.. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beta-glucanase (iii) of the enzyme composition is derived from a member of the genus14. The process of ...

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR ADDING PRE-FERMENTATION SEPARATED NON-FERMENTABLES TO A POST-FERMENTATION STREAM

A system and process is disclosed for adding pre-fermentation separated non-fermentables, e.g., fiber, germ/oil, and/or protein, to a post-fermentation stream in a corn (or similar carbohydrate-containing grain) dry milling process for making alcohol and/or other biofuels/biochemical. The process includes mixing grain particles with a liquid to produce a slurry having starch and non-fermentables. The slurry is subjected to liquefaction to convert the starch in the slurry to complex sugars and produce a liquefied stream including the complex sugars and non-fermentables. After liquefaction but prior to fermentation of simple sugars resulting from conversion of the complex sugars, the non-fermentables are separated out to define a non-fermentables portion and an aqueous solution including the complex and/or simple sugars. The simple sugars are fermented to provide a fermented stream. Then, the separated non-fermentables portion is reincorporated back into the process into a post-fermentation stream. In one example, the non-fermentables may be mainly fiber. 1. A process for adding pre-conversion separated non-convertables to a post-conversion stream , the process comprising:mixing grain particles with a liquid to produce a slurry having carbohydrates and non-convertables;subjecting the slurry to liquefaction to convert the carbohydrates in the slurry to complex sugars and produce a liquefied stream including the complex sugars and the non-convertables;after liquefaction but prior to conversion of simple sugars resulting from conversion of the complex sugars, separating out at least a portion of the non-convertables to define a non-convertables portion and an aqueous solution including the complex and/or simple sugars;converting the simple sugars to provide a converted simple sugar stream; andreincorporating the separated non-convertables portion back into the process into a post-conversion stream.2. The process of wherein converting the simple sugars to provide a ...

Glycosyl hydrolase enzymes and uses thereof for biomass hydrolysis

The present invention relates to compositions that can be used in hydrolyzing biomass such as compositions comprising a polypeptide having glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 61/endoglucanase activity and/or a β-glucosidase polypeptide, methods for hydrolyzing biomass material, and methods for using such compositions.

Integrated Processes for the Conversion of Coal to Chemicals

Integrated processes are disclosed for the conversion of coal containing mercury compounds, hydrocarbon-containing compounds, sulfur-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds to chemicals in which coal is heated to remove mercury components, pyrolyzed to remove sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds and then gasified to provide syngas, and syngas is bioconverted to liquid product. 1. A process for the conversion of coal containing mercury compounds , hydrocarbon-containing compounds , sulfur-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds to chemicals comprising:a. drying particulate coal at a temperature less than about 200° C. resulting in a water vapor overhead;b. heating the dried coal to a temperature to between about 200° C. and 320° C. to remove mercury from the coal by volatilization and provide a heated coal;c. thermally treating the heated coal at a temperature between about 430° C. to about 700° C. for a time sufficient to release vaporous organic compounds to provide a pyrolyzed coal having a reduced hydrogen content and a vapor stream containing released organic compounds, said thermal treatment being sufficient to reduce the concentration of sulfur-containing and nitrogen-containing components in the coal being thermally treated;d. combusting at least a portion of the vapor stream of step (c) to provide a hot exhaust stream wherein said at least a portion of the vapor stream is maintained substantially at or above the temperature of the thermal treating until combusted;e. gasifying the pyrolyzed coal in the presence of steam under gasification conditions to provide an ash fraction and a syngas, wherein at least a portion of heat energy in the hot exhaust stream of step (d) provides indirect heat for gasification;f. cooling by indirect heat exchange the syngas from step (e) and generate steam;g. passing at least a portion of the cooled syngas to at least one fermenter containing an aqueous medium having microorganisms ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING FERMENTATION PRODUCTS

The present invention relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material, wherein an alpha-amylase and optionally a thermostable protease, pullulanase and/or glucoamylase are present and/or added during liquefaction, wherein a cellulolytic composition is present and/or added during fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The invention also relates to a composition suitable for use in a process of the invention. 1. A process for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material comprising the steps of: an alpha-amylase;', 'optionally a protease having a thermostability value of more than 20% determined as Relative Activity at 80° C./70° C.; and', 'optionally a carbohydrate-source generating enzyme;, 'i) liquefying the starch-containing material at a temperature above the initial gelatinization temperature usingii) saccharifying using a carbohydrate-source generating enzyme;iii) fermenting using a fermenting organism;wherein a cellulolytic composition is present or added during fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH during liquefaction is between above 5.0-6.5 claim 1 , such as above 5.0-6.0 claim 1 , such as above 5.0-5.5 claim 1 , such as between 5.2-6.2 claim 1 , such as around 5.2 claim 1 , such as around 5.4 claim 1 , such as around 5.6 claim 1 , such as around 5.8.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation product is an alcohol claim 1 , preferably ethanol claim 1 , especially fuel ethanol claim 1 , potable ethanol and/or industrial ethanol.4Bacillus,Bacillus stearothermophilus,Bacillus stearothermophilus. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alpha-amylase is from the genus such as a strain of in particular a variant of a alpha-amylase claim 1 , such as the one shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 herein.5Bacillus stearothermophilus. The process of claim 4 , wherein the alpha-amylase has a double deletion of positions I181+ ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE

Provided is a method for producing an organic substance from a syngas by microbial fermentation, wherein only the solid component can be efficiently separated from an organic substance-containing liquid obtained by microbial fermentation to reduce the content of microorganisms, etc. Disclosed is a method for producing an organic substance from a syngas containing carbon monoxide by microbial fermentation, which comprises a microbial fermentation step wherein the syngas is fed to a microbial fermenting vessel and a liquid containing an organic substance is obtained by microbial fermentation, a solid-liquid separation step wherein the organic substance-containing liquid is separated into a solid component containing microorganisms and a liquid component containing an organic substance, and an extraction step wherein the organic substance-containing liquid is extracted from the liquid component, wherein the organic substance-containing liquid is heated to 40° C. or higher and then subjected to a centrifugal separation operation. 1. A method for producing an organic substance from a syngas comprising carbon monoxide by microbial fermentation , comprising:a microbial fermentation step of feeding a syngas to a microbial fermenting vessel and obtaining the organic substance-containing liquid by the microbial fermentation,a solid-liquid separation step of separating the organic substance-containing liquid into a solid component containing microorganisms and a liquid component containing the organic substance, andan extraction step of extracting the organic substance from the liquid component,wherein the organic substance-containing liquid is heated to 40° C. or higher and then subjected to a centrifugal separation operation in the solid-liquid separation step.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe syngas is obtained by gasifying a carbon source.3. The method according to claim 2 , whereinthe carbon source is waste.4. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe ...

Polymeric ionic salt catalysts and methods of producing thereof

Provided herein are polymeric ionic salt catalysts that are useful in the non-enzymatic saccharification processes. The catalysts described herein hydrolyze cellulosic materials to produce monosaccharides and/or disaccharides. Saccharification of lignocellulosic materials, such as biomass waste products of agriculture, forestry and waste treatment, are of great economic and environmental relevance. As part of biomass energy utilization, attempts have been made to obtain ethanol (bioethanol) by hydrolyzing cellulose or hemicellulose, which are major constituents of plants.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHANOL FROM LIGNOCELLULOSIC RAW MATERIAL

The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material, which comprises a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range. 1. A method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material , comprising:a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that a physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is ethanol concentration and/or viscosity.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the additional saccharification enzyme is added so that the ethanol concentration of the fermentation liquid is maintained at 80% or more relative to the ethanol concentration at a point in time of becoming a steady state after the start of fermentation.4. The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein the additional saccharification enzyme is added so that an enzyme basic unit in the fermentation liquid is maintained at 0.1 to 30% relative to the enzyme basic unit after 1 to 12 hours from the start of fermentation.5. The method for producing ethanol according to claim 1 , wherein a mass ratio of the addition amount of the additional saccharification enzyme per day to the initial content of the saccharification enzyme in the fermentation liquid (the addition ...

Recombinant caldicellulosiruptor bescii and methods of use

This disclosure describes recombinant Caldicellulosiruptor bescii microbes designed to produce greater amounts of acetate, H 2 , and/or ethanol than a comparable wild type control. this disclosure also describes methods that generally include growing such recombinant microbes under conditions effective for the recombinant microbes to produce acetate, H 2 , and/or ethanol.

Method for producing organic substance

Provided is a method which allows, for example, suppression of foaming in the purification step such as distillation and continuous operation, as well as direct treatment of a waste liquid (can liquid) without having to subject the same to an extra purification treatment by removing the microorganisms, nitrogen compounds, and phosphorous compounds at once from an organic substance-containing liquid obtained from microbial fermentation. Also disclosed is a method for producing an organic substance, comprising a microbial fermentation step, a separation step, a liquefaction step, and a second purification step, wherein the concentration of the nitrogen compound in the second can liquid is 0 to 150 ppm based on the total mass of the second can liquid, and the concentration of the phosphorous compound in the second can liquid is 0 to 5 ppm based on the total mass of the second can liquid.

Method of Operation of a Syngas Fermentation Process

A process is provided for fermentation of syngas that is effective for reducing conductivity and providing an alcohol STY of about 10 g ethanol/(L·day). The process includes introducing the syngas into a reactor vessel and providing a nitrogen feed rate to the reactor vessel of about 100 mg or more nitrogen/gram of cells produced. Fermentation of the syngas is effective for providing a fermentation medium having an average conductivity of about 16 mS/cm or less and an STY of 10 g ethanol/(L·day) or more. 139-. (canceled)40. A fermentation medium comprising:about 100 to about 340 mg of nitrogen per gram of cells produced;about 10.5 to about 15 mg of phosphorous per gram of cells produced;about 26 to about 36 mg of potassium per gram of cells produced;about 0.01 g/L or less yeast extract; andabout 0.01 g/L or less carbohydrates.41. The fermentation medium of wherein the nitrogen source is ammonium hydroxide.42. The fermentation medium of wherein the phosphorous is provided from a phosphorous source selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid claim 40 , ammonium claim 40 , phosphate claim 40 , potassium phosphate claim 40 , and mixtures thereof claim 40 , and the potassium is provided from a potassium source selected from the group consisting of potassium chloride. potassium phosphate claim 40 , potassium nitrate claim 40 , potassium sulfate claim 40 , and mixtures thereof.43. The fermentation medium of wherein the fermentation medium includes one or more ofat least about 2.7 mg of iron per gram of cells produced,at least about 10 μg of tungsten per gram of cells produced,at least about 34 μg of nickel per gram of cells produced,at least about 9 μg of cobalt per gram of cells produced,at least about 4.5 mg of magnesium per gram of cells produced,at least about 11 mg of sulfur per gram of cells produced, andat least about 6.5 μg of thiamine per gram of cells produced.44. The fermentation medium of wherein the fermentation medium includes one or more ofabout 2. ...

Method for producing an organic substance

Provided is a method for producing an organic substance, in which an organic material (metabolite) derived from a microorganism is reduced while retaining a nutritive substance in an organic substance-containing solution discharged from a fermentation tank containing the microorganism, whereby various nutritional elements contained in the organic substance-containing solution can be reused with high efficiency. A method for producing an organic substance by the microbial fermentation of a synthetic gas containing at least carbon monoxide, the method comprising a synthetic gas supply step of supplying the synthetic gas into a fermentation tank containing a microorganism, a fermentation step of subjecting the synthetic gas to microbial fermentation in the fermentation tank, an aerobic fermentation treatment step of subjecting at least a portion of a liquid produced in the fermentation step to an aerobic fermentation treatment in a liquid waste treatment unit, and a recycling step of supplying a liquid produced in the aerobic fermentation treatment step to the fermentation tank, wherein the aerobic fermentation treatment step is carried out in the presence of a nitrifying bacterium inhibitor.

CARBON CAPTURE IN FERMENTATION

The invention relates to methods of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO into one or more first products which, in turn, may be incorporated into an article of manufacture or one or more second products. 1. A method of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation , the method comprising:i. receiving off or waste gas stream(s) comprising CO from an industrial process;ii. passing the gas stream(s) to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more microorganisms;iii. fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more first products; andiv. incorporating the one or more products into an article or converting the one or more products into one or more second products.2. The method of wherein at least one first product is selected from ethanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , isopropanol and monoethylene glycol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product comprises ethanol and the article is antiseptic hand rubs claim 1 , therapeutic treatments for methylene glycol and methanol poisoning claim 1 , solvents claim 1 , antimicrobial preservatives claim 1 , engine fuels claim 1 , rocket fuels claim 1 , fuel cells claim 1 , home fireplace fuel claim 1 , industrial chemical precursors claim 1 , winterization extraction solvents claim 1 , paint masking products claim 1 , paints claim 1 , tinctures claim 1 , nucleic acid purifiers claim 1 , or cooling bath medium.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product comprises ethanol and the second product is ethylene.5. The method of further comprising incorporating the ethylene into anaesthetics claim 4 , fruit ripening agents claim 4 , fertilizers claim 4 , safety glass claim 4 , metal cutting gases claim 4 , welding gases claim 4 , high velocity thermal sprays claim 4 , or refrigerants.6. The method of claim 4 , further comprising converting the ethylene into polyethylene (PE) claim 4 , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) claim 4 , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) claim 4 , or ...

Biomass liquefaction through gas fermentation

The invention provides methods and systems for the production of at least one product from the microbial fermentation of a gaseous susbtrate, wherein the gaseous substrate is derived from a biomass liquefaction process. The invention provides a method for improving efficiency of the fermentation by passing biomass accumulated in the fermentation process to the biomass liquefaction process for conversion to a gaseous substrate. In a particular aspect of the invention, the biomass liquefaction process is selected from pyrolysis or torrefaction.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR RECYCLING TAIL GAS IN SYNGAS FERMENTATION TO ETHANOL

The invention present provides a method (and suitable apparatus) to convert biomass to ethanol, comprising gasifying the biomass to produce raw syngas; feeding the raw syngas to an acid-gas removal unit to remove at least some COand produce a conditioned syngas stream; feeding the conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor to biologically convert the syngas to ethanol; capturing a tail gas from an exit of the fermentor, wherein the tail gas comprises at least COand unconverted CO or H; and recycling a first portion of the tail gas to the fermentor and/or a second portion of the tail gas to the acid-gas removal unit. This invention allows for increased syngas conversion to ethanol, improved process efficiency, and better overall biorefinery economics for conversion of biomass to ethanol. 1. A method of converting a carbonaceous feedstock to a syngas-fermentation product , said method comprising:{'sub': ['2', '2;'], '#text': '(a) introducing a carbonaceous feedstock and an oxidant to a gasifier, under suitable gasification conditions to produce a raw syngas stream comprising CO, H, and CO'}(b) optionally feeding at least a portion of said raw syngas stream to a syngas-cleanup unit, to produce an intermediate syngas stream;{'sub': '2', '#text': '(c) feeding at least a portion of said raw syngas stream and/or at least a portion of said intermediate syngas stream, if present, to an acid-gas removal unit, to remove at least some of said COand produce a conditioned syngas stream;'}{'sub': ['2', '2', '2', '2'], '#text': '(d) feeding at least a portion of said conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor, under suitable fermentation conditions and in the presence of suitable microorganisms and nutrients to biologically convert one or more of CO, H, or COto a fermentation product and generate a product stream comprising at least the fermentation product and a tail gas stream comprising at least COand unconverted CO or H;'}(e) recycling at least a first portion of the tail gas to ...

PROCESS FOR SIMULTANEOUS SACCHARFICATION AND FERMENTATION OF WHEY PERMEATE

A process for producing ethanol from lactose containing substrates, comprising simultaneously saccharifying the substrate to produce monosaccharide and fermenting the monosaccharide to produce ethanol at a pH from 3.5-5.5, using a fermenting organism, wherein saccharification is carried out in the presence of a lactase, and wherein the fermenting organism is a sp., and the ratio between the incubation time required for obtaining at least 90% hydrolysis of the lactose present in the substrate (t) and the total fermentation time (t) is in the range of 0.1 to 1, and the sp. is added in amounts that will result in an ethanol yield of at least 70% w/w of the theoretical ethanol yield from lactose by the end of fermentation. 1SaccharomycesSaccharomyces. A process for producing ethanol from lactose containing substrates , comprising simultaneously saccharifying the substrate to produce monosaccharide and fermenting the monosaccharide to produce ethanol at a pH from 3.5-5.5 , using a fermenting organism , wherein saccharification is carried out in the presence of a lactase , and wherein the fermenting organism is a sp. , and the ratio between the incubation time required for obtaining at least 90% hydrolysis of the lactose present in the substrate (t) and the total fermentation time (t) is in the range of 0.1 to 1 , and the sp. is added in amounts that will result in an ethanol yield of at least 70% w/w of the theoretical ethanol yield from lactose by the end of fermentation.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein t/tis in the range from 0.2 to 1 claim 1 , particularly 0.3 to 1 claim 1 , and more particular 0.35 to 0.95.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lactase activity is adjusted to provide at least 90% hydrolysis of the lactose substrate in 5 to 150 hours claim 1 , particularly 10 to 130 hours claim 1 , particularly 30 to 120 hours claim 1 , more particularly in 40 to 100 hours claim 1 , more particularly in 50 to 75 hours.4. The process according ...

ETHANOL

The present disclosure provides ethanol comprising an inorganic component and/or an organic component. The inorganic component may contain at least one component selected from the group consisting of: silicon having a content of 10 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less; chromium having a content of 0.6 mg/L or less; iron having a content of 2.0 mg/L or less; sodium having a content of 150 mg/L or more and 1000 mg/L or less; and potassium having a content of 1.0 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less. The organic component may contain at least one component selected from the group consisting of: aliphatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.16 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; aromatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.4 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; and dialkyl ether having a content of 0.1 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less. 1. Ethanol comprising an inorganic component and/or an organic component , whereinthe inorganic component comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of:silicon having a content of 10 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less;chromium having a content of 0.6 mg/L or less;iron having a content of 2.0 mg/L or less;sodium having a content of 150 mg/L or more and 1000 mg/L or less; andpotassium having a content of 1.0 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; andthe organic component comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of:aliphatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.16 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less;aromatic hydrocarbon having a content of 0.4 mg/L or more and 10 mg/L or less; anddialkyl ether having a content of 0.1 mg/L or more and 100 mg/L or less.2. The ethanol according to claim 1 , whereina substrate is a gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen.3. The ethanol according to claim 1 , derived from microbial fermentation.4. The ethanol according to claim 2 , whereinthe gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen is derived from waste.5. A method for manufacturing ethanol claim 2 , comprising:a step of ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR EXTRACTING BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL FROM SUGAR-BEARING PLANTS

An improved process for extracting biological material from sugar-bearing plant material. In particular, the sugar-bearing plant material is treated with an extractant solution comprising water and a functionalized amphiphilic polymer, wherein the biological material is extracted from the sugar-bearing plant material. In addition, a method for producing ethanol from a sugar-bearing plant material is provided. 2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fatty ester is chosen from Cmono-carboxylic acids claim 1 , di-carboxylic acids claim 1 , tri-carboxylic acids claim 1 , Cmono-polyhydric alcohols claim 1 , di-polyhydric alcohols claim 1 , tri-polyhydric alcohol compounds claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the Cmonocarboxylic acid claim 2 , dicarboxylic acid or tricarboxylic acid is chosen from butyrate claim 2 , caproate claim 2 , laurate claim 2 , myristate claim 2 , monococoate claim 2 , palmitate claim 2 , palmitoleate claim 2 , oleate claim 2 , elsidiate claim 2 , linoleate claim 2 , linolelaidiate claim 2 , arachidiate claim 2 , beheniate claim 2 , lignoceriate claim 2 , nervoniate claim 2 , stearate claim 2 , isostearate claim 2 , decyl oleate claim 2 , sebacate claim 2 , isononanoate claim 2 , neopentanoate and combinations thereof.4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the Cmonohydric claim 2 , dihydric claim 2 , trihydric or polyhydric alcohol compound is chosen from methanol claim 2 , ethanol claim 2 , ethylene glycol claim 2 , propylene glycol claim 2 , glycerol claim 2 , isopropanol claim 2 , mannitol claim 2 , sorbitol claim 2 , silitol claim 2 , maltitol claim 2 , sucralose claim 2 , erythritol and combinations thereof.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized amphiphilic polymer comprises about 0.1 parts-per-million (ppm) to about 10 claim 1 ,000 ppm by weight of the extractant solution6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the functionalized amphiphilic polymer has an average molecular weight ...

METHODS & SYSTEMS FOR PROPAGATING MICROORGANISMS ON STILLAGE COMPOSITIONS

Provided are methods and systems of propagating a microorganism on a stillage composition. The methods involve growing microorganisms in a propagation medium formed from a polysaccharide-containing stillage composition with the majority of the of the polysaccharides in the propagation medium coming from the stillage composition. The propagation medium also includes cellulases and/or amylases to form monosaccharides from the polysaccharides. A first cell mass is grown in the propagation medium to form a second cell mass which is greater than the first cell mass. 1. A method of propagating microorganisms to increase the quantity of the microorganisms in a composition for subsequent use , the method comprising:treating a stillage-containing composition comprising stillage with an enzyme component comprising one or more enzymes selected from cellulases, amylases, and combinations thereof, wherein the stillage is obtained from a starch-based fermentation process and the stillage comprises polysaccharides, wherein the majority of the polysaccharides in the stillage-containing composition are from the stillage, wherein treating converts the polysaccharides into one or more monosaccharides using the enzyme component; andgrowing a first cell mass of the microorganism in a propagation medium comprising the one or more monosaccharides from the stillage-containing composition to form a second cell mass of the microorganism, wherein the second cell mass of the microorganism is greater than the first cell mass of the microorganism, wherein the quantity of microorganisms is increased in the second cell mass from the first cell mass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the treating and the growing steps are carried out partially or entirely simultaneously.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme component ranges from 0.1 to about 10 units per gram of solids.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme component comprises cellulase.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme ...

PROCESSES AND SYSTEMS FOR METABOLITE PRODUCTION USING HYDROGEN RICH C1-CONTAINING SUBSTRATES

The invention is directed to a process for producing one or more fermentation product in a multi-stage process including an inoculation reactor and at least one bioreactor. The inoculation reactor is fed a C1-containing gaseous substrate containing a reduced amount of hydrogen. The hydrogen is reduced to increase the proportion of CO in the C1-containing gaseous substrate being provided to the inoculation reactor. The inoculation reactor ferments the CO-rich C1-containing gaseous substrate and produces an inoculum, which is fed to at least one bioreactor. The bioreactor receives the C1-containing gaseous substrate, which may or may not contain reduced amounts of hydrogen, to produce one or more fermentation product. By providing a CO-rich C1-containing gaseous substrate to the inoculation reactor, both the inoculation reactor and the subsequent bioreactor(s), are able to have increased stability and product selectivity. 1. A process for producing one or more fermentation product , the process comprising;a. providing a CO-rich C1-containing gaseous substrate to an inoculation reactor comprising a liquid nutrient medium containing a culture of one or more C1-fixing microorganism;b. fermenting the CO-rich C1-containing gaseous substrate to produce an inoculum;c. passing at least a portion of the inoculum to a bioreactor system, the bioreactor system comprising at least one bioreactor containing a culture of one or more C1-fixing microorganism in a liquid nutrient medium;{'sub': '2', 'd. passing an Hrich C1-containing gaseous substrate to the bioreactor system; and'}{'sub': '2', 'e. fermenting the Hrich C1-containing gaseous substrate to produce at least one fermentation product.'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the CO-rich C1-containing gaseous substrate comprises Hat an H:CO molar ratio of less than 1:1.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the CO-rich C1-containing gaseous substrate comprises Hat an H:CO molar ratio of less than 0.5:1.4. The process of claim 1 , ...

CORN BLENDS THAT INCLUDE HIGH OIL CORN AND METHODS OF MAKING ONE OR MORE BIOCHEMICALS USING HIGH OIL CORN OR CORN BLENDS THAT INCLUDE HIGH OIL CORN

The present invention relates to using high oil corn to make a biochemical such as ethanol. More particularly, the invention relates to methods of making a biochemical using relatively low temperature saccharification followed by fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of high oil corn. 1. A method of producing a biochemical and corn oil from corn , the method comprising:providing a feedstock comprising milled whole corn grain, wherein the milled whole corn grain comprises corn oil and starch, wherein the milled whole corn grain is derived from milling a first whole corn grain and a second whole corn grain, wherein the first whole corn grain has an oil content of 4 percent or less on a dry weight basis and the second whole corn grain has an oil content of 5 percent or greater on a dry weight basis, and wherein a total of the amount of the first whole corn grain and the amount of the second whole corn grain has an average oil content of greater than 4 percent on a dry weight basis;adding water to at least a portion of the feedstock to form an aqueous composition, wherein the aqueous composition comprises corn starch and corn oil from the feedstock;saccharifying at least a portion of the corn starch present in the aqueous composition into glucose;fermenting glucose present in the aqueous composition to produce a biochemical; andrecovering corn oil from the aqueous composition after fermentation.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the milled whole corn grain is derived from milling a blend of the first whole corn grain and the second whole corn grain to form the feedstock claim 1 , wherein the blend comprises the total of the amount of the first whole corn grain and the amount of the second whole corn grain.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the milled whole corn grain is derived from milling the first whole corn grain and the second whole corn grain separately claim 1 , and then combining milled first whole corn grain and milled second whole corn ...

Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms for the Chemosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and/or Other Inorganic Carbon Sources into Organic Compounds and the Generation of Additional Useful Products

The invention described herein presents compositions and methods for a multistep biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon into organic chemicals including biofuels or other useful industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, or biomass products. One or more process steps utilizes chemoautotrophic microorganisms to fix inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemosynthesis. An additional feature described are process steps whereby electron donors used for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon are generated by chemical or electrochemical means, or are produced from inorganic or waste sources. An additional feature described are process steps for recovery of useful chemicals produced by the carbon dioxide capture and conversion process, both from chemosynthetic reaction steps, as well as from non-biological reaction steps. 126.-. (canceled)27. A biological and chemical method for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide into organic compounds , comprising:introducing carbon dioxide gas, either alone and/or dissolved in a mixture or solution further comprising carbonate ion and/or bicarbonate ion into an environment suitable for maintaining chemoautotrophic organisms and/or chemoautotroph cell extracts; and{'i': Ralstonia', 'Alcaligenes', 'Hydrogenomoas, 'fixing the carbon dioxide and/or inorganic carbon into organic compounds within the environment via at least one chemosynthetic carbon fixing reaction utilizing chemoautotrophic microorganisms comprising a sp., an sp., or a sp.;'}wherein where the chemosynthetic carbon fixing reaction is driven by chemical and/or electrochemical energy provided by electron donors and electron acceptors that have been generated chemically and/or electrochemically and/or are introduced into the environment from at least one source external to the environment, and wherein the electron donor comprises hydrogen and said electron acceptor comprises carbon ...

PROCESS FOR ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS FROM A MIXTURE OF PRE-TREATED SUBSTRATES OF DIFFERENT POROSITIES

The present invention relates to a process for enzymatic hydrolysis in which, under agitation, pre-treated lignocellulosic substrates are brought into contact with water and with enzymes such that the mixture has a content of dry matter of between 12 and 35% by weight, said process being characterised in that a mixture is used of at least two pre-treated lignocellulosic substrates with different porosities, at least one of the substrates being a substrate said to be of low porosity having a porosity of less than 60% of the volume and the other substrate a substrate said to be of high porosity having a porosity greater than or equal to 60% of the volume, and said substrate of low porosity being present in a quantity of at least 30% by weight in relation to the total weight of said mixture. 1. Process for enzymatic hydrolysis in which , under agitation , pre-treated lignocellulosic substrates are brought into contact with water and with enzymes such that the mixture has a content of dry matter of between 12 and 35% by weight , said process being characterised in that a mixture is used of at least two pre-treated lignocellulosic substrates with different porosities , at least one of the substrates being a substrate said to be of low porosity having a porosity of less than 60% of the volume and the other substrate a substrate said to be of high porosity having a porosity greater than or equal to 60% of the volume , and said substrate of low porosity being present in a quantity of at least 30% by weight in relation to the total weight of said mixture.2. Process according to in which the substrate of low porosity is present in a quantity of between 30 and 50% by weight in relation to the total weight of said mixture.3. Process according to in which the substrate of low porosity is present in a quantity of between 40 and 50% by weight in relation to the total weight of said mixture.4. Process according to in which the substrate said to be of low porosity has a porosity of ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING A FERMENTATION PRODUCT

The present invention relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material, wherein an alpha-amylase and optionally a thermostable protease, pullulanase and/or glucoamylase are present and/or added during liquefaction, wherein a cellulolytic composition is present and/or added during fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The invention also relates to a composition suitable for use in a process of the invention. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH during liquefaction is between above 5.0-6.5 claim 1 , such as above 5.0-6.0 claim 1 , such as above 5.0-5.5 claim 1 , such as between 5.2-6.2 claim 1 , such as around 5.2 claim 1 , such as around 5.4 claim 1 , such as around 5.6 claim 1 , such as around 5.8.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation product is an alcohol claim 1 , preferably ethanol claim 1 , especially fuel ethanol claim 1 , potable ethanol and/or industrial ethanol.4BacillusBacillus stearothermophilusBacillus stearothermophilus. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alpha-amylase is from the genus claim 1 , such as a strain of claim 1 , in particular a variant of a alpha-amylase claim 1 , such as the one shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 herein.5Bacillus stearothermophilus. The process of claim 4 , wherein the alpha-amylase has a double deletion of positions I181+G182 and optionally a N193F substitution claim 4 , or deletion of R179+G180 (using SEQ ID NO: 1 for numbering).6ThermoascusThermoascus aurantiacusThermoascus aurantiacus. The process of claim 1 , wherein the protease is a variant of the metallo protease derived from a strain of the genus claim 1 , preferably a strain of claim 1 , especially CGMCC No. 0670.7PyrococcusPyrococcus furiosus.. The process of claim 1 , wherein the protease is derived from a strain of claim 1 , preferably a strain of8PenicilliumPenicillium oxalicum. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate-source generating enzyme present and/or added during ...

GREENHOUSE GAS IMPROVED FERMENTATION

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a microorganism capable of utilizing an organic feedstock, comprising the steps of: (i) cultivating the microorganism in one or more bioreactors (); (ii) capturing COfrom the one or more bioreactors () and reducing the COto an organic feedstock in a reduction unit (); and (iii) feeding at least a part of the organic feedstock from the reduction unit () into one or more bioreactors (). 1. Method for cultivating a microorganism capable of utilizing an organic feedstock , comprising:cultivating the microorganism in one or more bioreactors;{'sub': 2', '2, '(ii) capturing COfrom the one or more bioreactors and reducing the COto an organic feedstock in a reduction unit; and'}(iii) feeding at least a part of the organic feedstock from the reduction unit into one or more bioreactors.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic feedstock is chosen from the group consisting of formic acid claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , ethylene claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , 1-propanol claim 1 , methane claim 1 , acetic acid and carbon monoxide.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic feedstock is formic acid.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is chosen from the group consisting of yeast claim 1 , filamentous fungi claim 1 , bacteria and heterotrophic algae.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, '(iv) electrolyzing water into Hand Oin an electrolysis unit, and feeding at least a part of the Hinto the reduction unit for reducing the COto the organic feedstock.'}6. The method according to claim 5 , further comprising:{'sub': '2', '(v) feeding at least a part of the Ointo the one or more bioreactors.'}7. The method according to claim 5 , further comprising:{'sub': '2', '(v) feeding at least a part of the Hinto the one or more bioreactors.'}8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the microorganism capable of utilizing an organic feedstock ...

Methods of processing municipal solid waste (msw) using microbial hydrolysis and fermentation

The invention provides a method of processing MSW comprising the steps of —providing a stream of unsorted MSW to a microbial fermentation reactor in which the MSW is fermented with agitation at a non-water content of between 10 and 50% by weight and at a temperature of between 35 and 75 degrees for a period of between 1 and 72 hours under conditions sufficient to maintain a live lactic acid bacteria concentration of at least 10.000.000.000 CFU/L, and —removing a stream of fermented unsorted MSW from the reactor and subjecting it to a separation step whereby non-degradable solids are removed to provide a slurry of bio-degradable components. Further, a slurry of bio-degradable components prepared according to said method is provided.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOETHANOL FROM DATES

The method for producing bioethanol from dates includes manufacturing a suitable substrate for bioethanol from dates and fermenting the date substrate to produce bioethanol. The date substrate may be produced by de-pitting date fruits, heating the flesh with water to produce a mixture, filter pressing the mixture to produce a juice, and concentrated by vacuum drying to produce a date substrate. The date substrate may then be fermented in either a batch or a fed-batch culture. The fermentation may be performed with a thermophilic yeast, such . In an alternative embodiment the date substrate may be a date fruit extract. 119-. (canceled)20. A bioethanol produced from dates , comprising: e de-pitting date fruits to produce date fruit flesh;', 'heating the date fruit flesh with water to produce a mixture;', 'filter pressing the mixture to produce a juice;', 'concentrating the juice to produce a date substrate, wherein the date substrate used for the fermentation has a starting sugar concentration ranging from 20% to 25%; and', {'i': S. cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae, 'fermenting the date substrate with yeast at between 30° C.-40° C. for 32 hours, wherein the yeast is selected from the group consisting of and NCYC 431, to produce a 11.2-11.8% w/v bioethanol concentration.'}], 'a fermented date substrate, wherein the substrate is obtained by The Applicant hereby incorporates by reference the sequence listing contained in the ASCII text file titled 32087_09_sequence_listing_ST25.txt, created Mar. 14, 2019, and having 17 KB of data.The disclosure of the present patent application relates to biofuels, and particularly to a method for producing bioethanol from dates.Bioethanol is ethyl alcohol produced from biological sources. Bioethanol can be used as fuel, or as a fuel additive for gasoline. Bioethanol is commonly made from biomass such as corn or sugarcane. Other common sources for bioethanol include potato, cassava, barley, wheat, and hemp.Bioethanol is manufactured from ...

Apparatus for producing organic substance from waste and method for producing organic substance from waste

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which are suitable for producing an organic substance using a synthesis gas from a waste gasification furnace. The apparatus 1 for producing an organic substance from waste comprises a synthesis gas generation furnace 11 for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; and an organic substance production unit 12 for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas. The organic substance production unit 12 further comprises: a synthesis unit 13 for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst, and a fermenter 14 for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING THE UNFERMENTABLE SOLIDS CONTENT IN A PROTEIN PORTION AT THE BACK END OF A CORN DRY MILLING PROCESS

A method and system for reducing the unfermentable solids content in a protein portion, via a counter current wash, at the back end of a corn dry milling process for making alcohol is disclosed. The method can include separating the whole stillage byproduct into an insoluble solids portion and a stillage (centrate) portion, which includes protein. Thereafter, the stillage portion can be separated into a water soluble solids portion and a protein portion. The protein portion may be mixed with clean water to wash and dilute the protein portion. The diluted protein portion may be dewatered to form a dewatered protein portion and a centrate. A portion of the centrate may be used as a protein counter current wash when the protein portion is being separated from the stillage portion. The protein counter current wash reduces the amount of unfermentable solids in the protein portion and the centrate. 1. A method for reducing an unfermentable solids content in a protein portion at a back end of a starch-containing grain dry milling process for making biofuel and/or a biochemical , the method comprising:separating a whole stillage byproduct into an insoluble solids portion, which includes fiber, and a stillage portion, which includes protein;adding a counter current wash that is received from a later step in the method to the stillage portion and separating the stillage portion into a water soluble solids portion and a protein portion, wherein the addition of the counter current wash facilitates separation of a larger concentration of unfermentable solids into the water soluble solids portion;thereafter, separately adding a first wash water to the separated protein portion followed by dewatering the protein portion to separately provide a centrate portion, which includes first wash water, and a dewatered protein portion that defines a high protein grain meal that includes at least 40 wt % protein on a dry basis, wherein at least a portion of the centrate portion including the ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING THE UNFERMENTABLE SOLIDS CONTENT IN A PROTEIN PORTION AT THE BACK END OF A CORN DRY MILLING PROCESS

A method and system for reducing the unfermentable solids content in a protein portion, via a counter current wash, at the back end of a corn dry milling process for making alcohol is disclosed. The method can include separating the whole stillage byproduct into an insoluble solids portion and a stillage (centrate) portion, which includes protein. Thereafter, the stillage portion can be separated into a water soluble solids portion and a protein portion. The protein portion may be mixed with clean water to wash and dilute the protein portion. The diluted protein portion may be dewatered to form a dewatered protein portion and a centrate. A portion of the centrate may be used as a protein counter current wash when the protein portion is being separated from the stillage portion. The protein counter current wash reduces the amount of unfermentable solids in the protein portion and the centrate. 1. A system for reducing an unfermentable solids content in a protein portion at a back end of a starch-containing grain dry milling process for making biofuel and/or a biochemical , the system comprising:a first apparatus that receives a whole stillage byproduct produced via the starch-containing grain dry milling process, wherein the first apparatus separates the whole stillage byproduct into an insoluble solids portion, which includes fiber, and a stillage portion, which includes protein;a second apparatus that is situated after the first apparatus and prior to any evaporator, the second apparatus is configured to receive the stillage portion from the first apparatus and counter current wash water from a later apparatus in the system and to separate the stillage portion, via weights, into a water soluble solids portion and a protein portion, wherein the addition of the counter current wash water facilitates separation of a larger concentration of unfermentable solids into the water soluble solids portion; anda third apparatus that is situated after the second apparatus and ...

Corn blends that include high oil corn and methods of making one or more biochemicals using high oil corn or corn blends that include high oil corn

The present invention relates to using high oil corn to make a biochemical such as ethanol. More particularly, the invention relates to methods of making a biochemical using relatively low temperature saccharification followed by fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of high oil corn.

Methods and apparatus for recycling tail gas in syngas fermentation to ethanol

The invention present provides a method (and suitable apparatus) to convert biomass to ethanol, comprising gasifying the biomass to produce raw syngas; feeding the raw syngas to an acid-gas removal unit to remove at least some CO 2 and produce a conditioned syngas stream; feeding the conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor to biologically convert the syngas to ethanol; capturing a tail gas from an exit of the fermentor, wherein the tail gas comprises at least CO 2 and unconverted CO or H 2 ; and recycling a first portion of the tail gas to the fermentor and/or a second portion of the tail gas to the acid-gas removal unit. This invention allows for increased syngas conversion to ethanol, improved process efficiency, and better overall biorefinery economics for conversion of biomass to ethanol.

Integrated processes for anaerobic conversion of hydrogen and carbon oxides to alcohol

Integrated processes are disclosed for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to alcohol.

INTEGRATED PROCESSES FOR ANAEROBIC CONVERSION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON OXIDES TO ALCOHOL

Integrated processes are disclosed for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to alcohol wherein a gas substrate of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide is in contact with an aqueous menstruum that continuously contacts the gas substrate with said aqueous menstruum to produce alcohol and a depleted gas phase that is continuously withdrawn from the aqueous menstruum; continuously or intermittently and the gas substrate is made up of at least two gases having different compositions to provide an overall gas substrate having a ratio of electrons to carbon atoms in the range of about 5.2:1 to 6.8:1. 1. A continuous process for the anaerobic bioconversion of a gas substrate comprising carbon monoxide , hydrogen and carbon dioxide in an aqueous menstruum containing microorganisms suitable for converting said substrate to alcohol , comprising: continuously contacting said gas substrate with said aqueous menstruum to bioconvert gas substrate to alcohol and providing an alcohol-containing menstruum and a depleted gas phase; continuously withdrawing the depleted gas phase from said aqueous menstruum; continuously or intermittently withdrawing a portion of said menstruum for recovery of said alcohol , said withdrawal being sufficient to maintain the alcohol in said menstruum below a concentration that unduly adversely affects the microorganisms , wherein at least two gases having different compositions are used as the gas substrate to provide an overall gas substrate having a ratio of electrons to carbon atoms in the range of about 5.2:1 to 6.8:1.2. The process of wherein at least one of said gases is a coke oven gas or a syngas from steam reforming of hydrocarbonaceous gas.3. The process of wherein at least one other gas is selected from the group of steel mill gas claim 2 , syngas from gasification of carbonaceous material claim 2 , syngas from partial oxidation of carbonaceous material claim 2 , and synthesis gas from autothermal reforming of carbonaceous material.4. ...

Process to control co concentrations in fermentations

A process for controlling concentration of CO in a bioreactor provides a direct and real time measurement of dissolved CO in a fermentation medium. The process for controlling concentrations of CO in a bioreactor includes contacting an aliquot of fermentation medium with at least one CO binding ligand and at least one microbial inactivator.

Polypeptides Having Endoglucanase Activity and Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having endoglucanase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. 117-. (canceled)18. A method for degrading a cellulosic material , comprising: treating the cellulosic material with an enzyme composition in comprising a polypeptide having endoglucanase activity , wherein the polypeptide having endoglucanase activity is selected from the group consisting of:(a) a polypeptide having endoglucanase activity with at least 90% sequence identity to amino acids 26 to 463 of SEQ ID NO: 4;(b) a polypeptide having endoglucanase activity encoded by a polynucleotide with at least 90% sequence identity to nucleotides 76 to 1389 of SEQ ID NO: 3 or the cDNA sequence thereof;(c) a polypeptide comprising a catalytic domain having endoglucanase activity with at least 90% sequence identity to amino acids 26 to 400 of SEQ ID NO: 4;(d) a polypeptide comprising a catalytic domain having endoglucanase activity encoded by a polynucleotide with at least 90% sequence identity to nucleotides 76 to 1200 of SEQ ID NO: 3; and(e) a fragment of (a), (b), (c), or (d), wherein the fragment has endoglucanase activity.19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the polypeptide having endoglucanase activity comprises amino acids 26 to 463 of SEQ ID NO: 4 claim 18 , or a fragment thereof having endoglucanase activity.20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the catalytic domain having endoglucanase activity comprises amino acids 26 to 400 of SEQ ID NO: 4 claim 18 , or a fragment thereof having endoglucanase activity.21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the enzyme composition further comprises one or more enzymes selected from the group consisting of a cellulase claim 18 , a GH61 polypeptide having cellulolytic enhancing activity claim 18 , a hemicellulase claim 18 , an ...

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR ADDING PRE-FERMENTATION SEPARATED NON-FERMENTABLES TO A POST-FERMENTATION STREAM

A system and process is disclosed for adding pre-fermentation separated non-fermentables, e.g., fiber, germ/oil, and/or protein, to a post-fermentation stream in a corn (or similar carbohydrate-containing grain) dry milling process for making alcohol and/or other biofuels/biochemical. The process includes mixing grain particles with a liquid to produce a slurry having starch and non-fermentables. The slurry is subjected to liquefaction to convert the starch in the slurry to complex sugars and produce a liquefied stream including the complex sugars and non-fermentables. After liquefaction but prior to fermentation of simple sugars resulting from conversion of the complex sugars, the non-fermentables are separated out to define a non-fermentables portion and an aqueous solution including the complex and/or simple sugars. The simple sugars are fermented to provide a fermented stream. Then, the separated non-fermentables portion is reincorporated back into the process into a post-fermentation stream. In one example, the non-fermentables may be mainly fiber. 1. A system for adding pre-conversion separated non-convertables to a post-conversion stream , the system comprising:a first apparatus that is configured to hold a slurry of grain particles and a liquid, the slurry having carbohydrates and non-convertables;a liquefaction system that is situated after the first apparatus and that is configured to receive the slurry, the liquefaction system converts the carbohydrates in the slurry to complex sugars and produces a liquefied stream including the complex sugars and the non-convertables;a second apparatus that is situated after the liquefaction system and that is configured to receive and separate out at least a portion of the non-convertables to define a non-convertables portion and an aqueous solution including the complex sugars and/or simple sugars resulting from conversion of the complex sugars;a biofuel and/or biochemical device that is situated after the second ...

METHOD FOR CONVERTING BIOMASS TO METHANE

A method for enhancing the treatment of lignocellulose-containing materials by biotreatment wherein such lignocellulose-containing materials, normally resistant to biotreatment, are first subjected to a low-temperature, long-residence time pyrolysis at about 175° C. to about 325° C. for about 0.1 hour to about 2.0 hours, wherein a substantial portion of the incoming material is distilled into water-soluble compounds amenable to anaerobic biotreatment. Exemplary applications of the method include pyrolytic pre-treatment of wastewater sludges, cellulosic wastes, wood, peat, plant residues, low-grade coal, and the like to enhance methane gas production in anaerobic digestion and/or oxygen-limited or oxygen-starved fermentation to produce ethanol. 1. A system comprising ,a pyrolizer having an inlet and an outlet,a condenser having an inlet, a non-condensable gas outlet and a liquid outlet, andan anaerobic digester having one or more inlets,wherein the outlet of the pyrolizer is connected to the inlet of the condenser, and the non-condensable gas outlet or the condenser is connected to an inlet of the anaerobic digester.2. The system of further comprising a phase separator having an inlet claim 1 , an aqueous phase outlet and an organic phase outlet claim 1 , wherein the phase separator inlet is connected to the liquid outlet of the condenser and the aqueous phase outlet of the phase separator is connected to an inlet of the anaerobic digester.3. The system of wherein the pyrolizer comprises an internal screw.4. A process comprising the steps of claim 1 ,subjecting one or more biomaterials to pyrolysis to produce pyrolysis products including at least a pyrogas and char, andmixing the pyrogas into a sludge in an anaerobic digester.5. The process of wherein the one or more biomaterials comprise anaerobic digester sludge and undigested lignocellulosic material.6. The process of wherein the one or more biomaterials comprise municipal solid waste.7. The process of wherein the ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING THE UNFERMENTABLE SOLIDS CONTENT IN A PROTEIN PORTION AT THE BACK END OF A CORN DRY MILLING PROCESS

A method and system for reducing the unfermentable solids content in a protein portion, via a counter current wash, at the back end of a corn dry milling process for making alcohol is disclosed. The method can include separating the whole stillage byproduct into an insoluble solids portion and a stillage (centrate) portion, which includes protein. Thereafter, the stillage portion can be separated into a water soluble solids portion and a protein portion. The protein portion may be mixed with clean water to wash and dilute the protein portion. The diluted protein portion may be dewatered to form a dewatered protein portion and a centrate. A portion of the centrate may be used as a protein counter current wash when the protein portion is being separated from the stillage portion. The protein counter current wash reduces the amount of unfermentable solids in the protein portion and the centrate. 1. A method for reducing an unfermentable solids content in a protein portion at a back end of a starch-containing grain dry milling process for making biofuel and/or a biochemical , the method comprising:separating a whole stillage byproduct into an insoluble solids portion, which includes fiber, and a stillage portion, which includes protein;adding counter current wash water that is received from a later step in the method to the stillage portion and separating the stillage portion, via weights, into a water soluble solids portion and a protein portion, wherein the addition of the counter current wash water facilitates separation of a larger concentration of unfermentable solids into the water soluble solids portion; andrecovering the protein portion to define a high protein corn meal that includes at least 40 wt % protein on a dry basis.2. The method of further comprising adding wash water to the separated protein portion and claim 1 , thereafter claim 1 , dewatering the protein portion to provide a dewatered protein portion that defines the high protein corn meal and a ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR RECYCLING TAIL GAS IN SYNGAS FERMENTATION TO ETHANOL

The invention present provides a method (and suitable apparatus) to convert biomass to ethanol, comprising gasifying the biomass to produce raw syngas; feeding the raw syngas to an acid-gas removal unit to remove at least some COand produce a conditioned syngas stream; feeding the conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor to biologically convert the syngas to ethanol; capturing a tail gas from an exit of the fermentor, wherein the tail gas comprises at least COand unconverted CO or H; and recycling a first portion of the tail gas to the fermentor and/or a second portion of the tail gas to the acid-gas removal unit. This invention allows for increased syngas conversion to ethanol, improved process efficiency, and better overall biorefinery economics for conversion of biomass to ethanol. 1. A method of converting a carbonaceous feedstock to a syngas-fermentation product , said method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, '(a) introducing a carbonaceous feedstock and an oxidant to a gasifier, under suitable gasification conditions to produce a raw syngas stream comprising CO, H, and CO, wherein said carbonaceous feedstock is selected from the group consisting of biomass, cellulose, hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, coal, petroleum coke, charcoal, lignite, carbon-rich waste materials, natural gas, and combinations thereof, and wherein said oxidant comprises one or more of air, oxygen, and steam;'}(b) optionally feeding at least a portion of said raw syngas stream to a syngas-cleanup unit, to produce an intermediate syngas stream;{'sub': '2', '(c) feeding at least a portion of said raw syngas stream and/or at least a portion of said intermediate syngas stream, if present, to an acid-gas removal unit, to remove at least some of said COand produce a conditioned syngas stream;'}{'sub': 2', '2, '(d) feeding at least a portion of said conditioned syngas stream to a fermentor, under suitable fermentation conditions and in the presence of suitable microorganisms and nutrients to biologically ...

Processing biomass

Methods are provided for reducing one or more dimensions of individual pieces of biomass; treating biomass, such as size-reduced biomass; changing a molecular structure of a biomass material; and, optionally, subjecting the biomass to a primary process to form a product. The methods include processing biomass materials using a screw extrusion process, and treating the biomass material with a screw extrusion process in size-reduction and treating steps.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which are suitable for producing an organic substance using a synthesis gas from a waste gasification furnace. The apparatus for producing an organic substance from waste comprises a synthesis gas generation furnace for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; and an organic substance production unit for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas. The organic substance production unit further comprises: a synthesis unit for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst, and a fermenter for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation. 1. An apparatus for producing an organic substance from waste , comprising:a synthesis gas generation furnace for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; andan organic substance production unit for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas,the organic substance production unit further comprising:a synthesis unit for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst, anda fermenter for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fermenter is connected downstream of the synthesis unit.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the organic substance is ethanol.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the organic substance synthesized in the synthesis unit and the organic substance produced in the fermenter are different from each other.5. An apparatus for producing an organic substance from waste claim 1 , comprising:a synthesis gas generation furnace for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; andan organic substance production unit for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas,the ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN, METHANE, VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, AND ALCOHOLS FROM ORGANIC MATERIAL

A method for producing H, methane, VFAs and alcohols from organic material, including the steps of introducing organic material and microorganisms into a completely mixed bioreactor for producing H, C0, VFAs, and alcohols; recovering H2 and C02; recovering a first liquid effluent including microorganisms, VFAs, and alcohols; introducing the first liquid effluent into a gravity settler for separating into a first biomass including microorganisms and a second liquid effluent including VFAs, alcohols and microorganisms; introducing the second liquid effluent into a separation module for separating into a second biomass including microorganisms and a third liquid effluent including VFAs and alcohols; recovering at least a portion of the third liquid effluent; and providing a recovered biomass by recovering at least a portion of the first biomass, the second biomass, or both, and introducing the recovered biomass into a biomethanator for production of CHand C0. 1. A method for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of organic material , comprising the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2, 'conducting ABE fermentation of the organic material in a completely mixed bioreactor to produce acetone, butanol, ethanol (ABE), volatile fatty acids, Hand CO;'}{'sub': 2', '2, 'recovering at least a portion of the Hand of the COfrom the completely mixed bioreactor;'}maintaining a biomass concentration in the completely mixed bioreactor; andproducing methane in a biomethanator from biomass extracted from effluent of the ABE fermentation step;{'sub': 2', '2, 'wherein the ABE fermentation step includes introducing organic material and ABE producing microorganisms into a completely mixed bioreactor and controlling a pH of the completely mixed bioreactor to maintain the pH at 3.5-5.5 for breaking down the organic material into products including acetone, butanol, ethanol (ABE), volatile fatty acids, Hand CO;'}the step of maintaining a biomass concentration includes recovering a first liquid ...

Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms for the Chemosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and/or Other Inorganic Carbon Sources into Organic Compounds and the Generation of Additional Useful Products

The invention described herein presents compositions and methods for a multistep biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon into organic chemicals including biofuels or other useful industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, or biomass products. One or more process steps utilizes chemoautotrophic microorganisms to fix inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemosynthesis. An additional feature described are process steps whereby electron donors used for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon are generated by chemical or electrochemical means, or are produced from inorganic or waste sources. An additional feature described are process steps for the recovery of useful chemicals produced by the carbon dioxide capture and conversion process, both from chemosynthetic reaction steps, as well as from non-biological reaction steps. 126.-. (canceled)27. A biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other sources of inorganic carbon , into organic compounds , comprising:introducing carbon dioxide gas, either alone and/or dissolved in a mixture or solution further comprising carbonate ion and/or bicarbonate ion, and/or introducing inorganic carbon contained in a solid phase into an environment suitable for maintaining chemoautotrophic organisms and/or chemoautotroph cell extracts; andfixing the carbon dioxide and/or inorganic carbon into organic compounds within the environment via at least one chemosynthetic carbon fixing reaction utilizing obligate and/or facultative chemoautotrophic microorganisms;wherein where the chemosynthetic carbon fixing reaction is driven by chemical and/or electrochemical energy provided by electron donors and electron acceptors that have been generated chemically and/or electrochemically and/or or are introduced into the environment from at least one source external to the environment,wherein biomass and/or biochemicals are ...

SULFUR MANAGEMENT FOR PROCESSES AND CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR THE EFFICIENT ANAEROBIC CONERSION OF HYDROGEN AND CARBON OXIDES TO ALCOHOLS

High conversion efficiency processes are disclosed for the anaerobic bioconversion of syngas to alcohol by microorganisms having metabolic processes that utilize sulfur in limited amounts. The processes remove hydrogen sulfide from the gas leaving the bioreactor assembly by forming sulfur compounds that are beneficial to the microorganisms. The sulfur compounds can be returned to the bioreactor assembly to meet a portion of microorganism sulfur demand. 1. In a continuous process for the anaerobic bioconversion of a gas substrate comprising at least one of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with carbon dioxide in an aqueous broth containing microorganisms , the microorganisms having metabolic processes that utilize sulfur in limited amounts and being suitable for converting said substrate to alcohol comprising:a. continuously introducing said gas substrate at one or more gas inlets of a bioreactor assembly having at least one bioreactor for containing said broth, said bioreactor having at least one gas inlet and at least one gas outlet;b. maintaining contact of the microorganisms with the gas substrate and said broth to provide an alcohol-containing broth and a substrate depleted gas phase at the at least one gas outlet of said bioreactor assembly, said duration of contact being sufficient to convert at least about 80 percent of any carbon monoxide in the gas substrate to alcohol;c. continuously or intermittently withdrawing a portion of said broth from said bioreactor assembly for recovery of said alcohol, said withdrawal being sufficient to maintain the alcohol in said broth below a concentration that unduly adversely affects the microorganisms;d. continuously withdrawing the substrate depleted gas phase from said bioreactor assembly at said at least one gas outlet wherein the substrate depleted gas phase being withdrawn from the bioreactor assembly contains hydrogen sulfide;e. converting at least a portion of the hydrogen sulfide from the substrate depleted gas phase to ...

PROCESS AND METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE WATER REUSE, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, FERMENTATION AND PRODUCTS OF A FERMENTATION PLANT

A method of improving fermentation, by heating stillage to a temperature of 200 degrees F. to 350 degrees F. resulting in hydrothermally treated stillage, removing from the hydrothermally treated stillage some or all of a composition of suspended solids, dissolved solids, oil, proteins, fiber, or ash, removing some or all of the dissolved solids from the hydrothermally treated stillage by a mechanism of membranes, biological remediation, anaerobic digestion, electro-dialysis, ion exchange, evaporation, gas-stripping, distillation, solvent extraction, or precipitation, using all or a portion of the hydrothermally treated stillage as a component of a media, and using the media for a process of fermentation or biomass production. Metabolites, biomass, media, and hydrothermally treated stillage can be obtained and recovered by this method. Oil, a protein-containing solids fraction, stickwater and a de-oiled stickwater concentrate can be obtained and recovered by this method. 1. A method of improving fermentation , including the steps of:heating stillage to a temperature of 200 degrees F. to 350 degrees F. resulting in hydrothermally treated stillage;removing from the hydrothermally treated stillage some or all of a composition chosen from the group consisting of suspended solids, dissolved solids, oil, proteins, fiber, and ash;removing some or all of the dissolved solids from the hydrothermally treated stillage by a mechanism chosen from the group consisting of membranes, biological remediation, anaerobic digestion, electro-dialysis, ion exchange, evaporation, gas-stripping, distillation, solvent extraction, and precipitation;using all or a portion of the hydrothermally treated stillage as a component of a media; andusing the media for a process chosen from the group consisting of fermentation and biomass production.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said heating step is further defined as holding the stillage at the temperature for 3 to 180 minutes and at a pressure at ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which can be used for producing an organic substance effectively from a synthesis gas obtained from a waste incinerator. The apparatus for producing an organic substance from waste, comprises a synthesis gas generation furnace a fermenter and a nutrient feeder. The synthesis gas generation furnace generates a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of waste. The fermenter contains a microorganism which produces an organic substance from the synthesis gas. The nutrient feeder feeds a solid or liquid nutrient to the fermenter when an amount of the synthesis gas supplied to the fermenter is insufficient. 1. An apparatus for producing an organic substance , comprising:a synthesis gas generation furnace for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of waste;a fermenter containing a microorganism which produces an organic substance from the synthesis gas; anda nutrient feeder for feeding a solid or liquid nutrient to the fermenter when an amount of the synthesis gas supplied to the fermenter is insufficient.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the nutrient feeder feeds the nutrient to the fermenter when the amount of the synthesis gas supplied to the fermenter is insufficient for one day or more.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the nutrient contains at least one of sugars claim 1 , carbon dioxide and formic acid.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is an anaerobic carboxydotrophic bacterium.5. A method for producing an organic substance claim 1 , comprising:a synthesis gas generation step of generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of waste in a synthesis gas generation furnace;a step of allowing a microorganism to produce an organic substance from the synthesis gas in a fermenter; anda nutrient feeding step of feeding a solid or liquid nutrient to the fermenter when an amount of the synthesis gas supplied to the fermenter is insufficient.6. The method ...

ZEOLITIC CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF ALCOHOLS TO HYDROCARBONS

A method for converting an alcohol to a hydrocarbon, the method comprising contacting said alcohol with a metal-loaded zeolite catalyst at a temperature of at least 100° C. and up to 550° C., wherein said alcohol can be produced by a fermentation process, said metal is a positively-charged metal ion, and said metal-loaded zeolite catalyst is catalytically active for converting said alcohol to said hydrocarbon. 1. A method for converting ethanol to an aromatic hydrocarbon , the method comprising contacting said ethanol with a metal-loaded zeolite catalyst at a temperature of at least 300° C. and up to 550° C. , said metal is a positively-charged metal ion , and said metal-loaded zeolite catalyst is catalytically active for converting said ethanol to said hydrocarbon.2. (canceled)3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said ethanol is a component of an aqueous solution.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said ethanol is a component of an aqueous solution in a concentration of no more than about 20%.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said concentration is no more than about 10%.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said ethanol is produced by a fermentation process.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said ethanol is a component of a fermentation stream when contacted with said metal-loaded zeolite catalyst.8. (canceled)9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said temperature is at least 350° C. and up to 550° C.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said temperature is at least 400° C. and up to 550° C.11. (canceled)12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal is selected from alkali metal claim 1 , alkaline earth metal claim 1 , copper claim 1 , iron claim 1 , vanadium claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , cadmium claim 1 , gallium claim 1 , indium claim 1 , and combinations thereof.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said metal is gallium or indium.14. The method of claim 1 , wherein said zeolite comprises a pentasil zeolite.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said pentasil ...

Processing biomass

Methods are provided for reducing one or more dimensions of individual pieces of biomass; treating biomass, such as size-reduced biomass; changing a molecular structure of a biomass material; and, optionally, subjecting the biomass to a primary process to form a product. The methods include processing biomass materials using a screw extrusion process, and treating the biomass material with a screw extrusion process in size-reduction and treating steps.

PROCESS CONTROL FOR BIOCONVERSIONS

Control processes are provided for enhancing biological processes for converting gaseous substrates to useful end products such as ethanol. A process includes providing a gaseous substrate comprising one or more of CO and COto a bioreactor at a substrate addition rate. Acetogenic bacteria provided to the bioreactor ferment the gaseous substrate in a fermentation broth. The process includes determining a concentration of carboxylic acids and/or carboxylates in the fermentation broth. A control algorithm uses those concentrations to adjust the gaseous substrate addition rate. 1. A process comprising:providing a gaseous substrate comprising CO to a bioreactor at a substrate addition rate;providing acetogenic bacteria to the bioreactor;fermenting the gaseous substrate in a fermentation broth;{'sub': M', 'M, 'deteimining a concentration of Ain the fermentation broth, where Ais a concentration of carboxylic acids and carboxylates; and'}{'sub': 'M', 'using Ain a control algorithm to adjust the gaseous substrate addition rate.'}2. The process according to wherein the control algorithm comprises determining an Iaccording to a formula I=E/I claim 1 , wherein I is a constant claim 1 , wherein E=(previous E)+(A−A)*dt claim 1 , wherein dt is a time interval between determining Ain the permeate claim 1 , wherein previous Eand Eare values at a beginning and end or time interval dt.3. The process according to wherein the control algorithm comprises determining a Paccording to a formula P=(A−A)*P claim 2 , wherein Ais a target concentration of carboxylic acid and carboxylates claim 2 , and P is a constant.4. The process according to wherein the control algorithm further comprises determining Eaccording to a formula E=(previous E)+(A−A)*dt claim 2 , wherein dt is a time interval between determining Ain the permeate claim 2 , wherein previous Eand Eare values at a beginning and end or time interval dt;{'sub': term', 'term', 'int, 'determining Iaccording to a formula I=E/I, wherein I ...

Xylanases for Solubilising Arabinoxylan-Containing Material

The present invention relates to a method for solubilising arabinoxylan-containing material (particularly insoluble arabinoxylan-containing material), comprising admixing a xylan-containing material with a xylanase comprising a polypeptide sequence shown herein as SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 2, SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 9, SEQ ID No. 10, SEQ ID No. 11 or SEQ ID No. 15, or a variant, homologue, fragment or derivative thereof having at least 75% identity with SEQ ID No. 3 or SEQ ID No. 2 or SEQ ID No. 1 or SEQ ID No. 9 or SEQ ID No. 10 or SEQ ID No. 11 or SEQ ID No. 15; or a polypeptide sequence which comprises SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 2, SEQ ID No. 1, SEQ ID No. 9, SEQ ID No. 10, SEQ ID No. 11 or SEQ ID No. 15 with a conservative substitution of at least one of the amino acids; or a xylanase which is encoded by a nucleotide sequence shown herein as SEQ ID No. 6, SEQ ID No. 5, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 12, SEQ ID No. 13, SEQ ID No. 14, SEQ ID No. 16, SEQ ID No. 17 or SEQ ID No. 18, or a nucleotide sequence which can hybridize to SEQ ID No. 6, SEQ ID No. 5, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 12, SEQ ID No. 13, SEQ ID No. 14, SEQ ID No. 16, SEQ ID No. 17 or SEQ ID No. 18 under high stringency conditions, or a nucleotide sequence which has at least 75% identity with SEQ ID No. 6, SEQ ID No. 5, SEQ ID No. 4, SEQ ID No. 12, SEQ ID No. 13, SEQ ID No. 14, SEQ ID No. 16, SEQ ID No. 17 or SEQ ID No. 18, or a nucleotide sequence which differs from SEQ ID No. 6 or SEQ ID No. 5 or SEQ ID No. 4 or SEQ ID No. 12 or SEQ ID No. 13 or SEQ ID No. 14 or SEQ ID No. 16 or SEQ ID No. 17 or SEQ ID No. 18 due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, or a xylanase obtainable (or obtained) from Fusarium verticilloides . The present invention also relates to a novel xylanase comprising (or consisting of) a polypeptide sequence shown herein as SEQ ID No. 3, SEQ ID No. 2 or SEQ ID No. 1, or a variant, homologue, fragment or derivative thereof having at least 99% identity with SEQ ID No. 3 or SEQ ID No. 2 or SEQ ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING A FERMENTATION PRODUCT

The present invention relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material, wherein an alpha-amylase and optionally a thermostable protease, pullulanase and/or glucoamylase are present and/or added during liquefaction, wherein a cellulolytic composition is present and/or added during fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The invention also relates to a composition suitable for use in a process of the invention. 120-. (canceled)21. A cellulolytic composition comprising:(a) a beta-glucosidase;(b) a cellobiohydrolase; and(c) an endoglucanase.22Trichoderma.. The cellulolytic composition of claim 21 , wherein the composition is derived from a strain of23Trichoderma reesei.. The cellulolytic composition of claim 21 , wherein the composition is derived from a strain of24Aspergillus.. The cellulolytic composition of claim 21 , wherein the beta-glucosidase is from the genus25Aspergillus fumigatus. The cellulolytic composition of claim 21 , wherein the beta-glucosidase is an beta-glucosidase.26. The cellulolytic composition of claim 21 , wherein the beta-glucosidase has an amino acid sequence that is at least 85% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.27. The cellulolytic composition of claim 21 , wherein the beta-glucosidase has an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.28. The cellulolytic composition of claim 21 , wherein the beta-glucosidase has an amino acid sequence that is at least 95% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22.29. The cellulolytic composition of claim 21 , wherein the cellobiohydrolase is a cellobiohydrolase I (CBHI).30Aspergillus.. The cellulolytic composition of claim 29 , wherein the CBHI is from a strain of the genus31Aspergillus fumigatus. The cellulolytic composition of claim 29 , wherein the CBHI is an CBHI.32. The cellulolytic composition of claim 29 , wherein the CBH I has an amino acid sequence that ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLS AND/OR ACIDS

Methods and systems for the production of one or more products from a gas stream produced in a methanol production process. The method comprises converting at least a portion of a methane feedstock to a substrate comprising CO and H2. The substrate comprising CO and H2 is anaerobically fermented in a bioreactor to produce one or more alcohols. The method and system may further include process for the production of methanol processes for the production of acetic acid. 1. A method for producing one or more alcohols the method comprising:a. passing one or more products and/or by-products and/or waste products from a methanol carbonylation process to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more microorganisms; andb. fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more alcohols.2. The method of wherein a substrate comprising methanol and/or carbon monoxide is provided to the methanol carbonylation process from a methanol synthesis reaction.3. The method of wherein products and/or by-products and/or waste products of the methanol carbonylation process comprise at least one compound selected from the group comprising CO claim 1 , N2 claim 1 , CO2 claim 1 , CH4 claim 1 , methanol and acetic acid.4. A system for the production of one or more alcohols claim 1 , the system comprising:a. a methanol carbonylation vessel configured to convert methanol and CO to one or more products and/or by-products and/or waste products;b. a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more microorganisms, the bioreactor being configured to convert at least a portion of the one or more products and/or by-products and/or waste products to one or more alcohols by microbial fermentation; andc. a means for passing the one or more products and/or by-products and/or waste products from the methanol carbonylation vessel to the bioreactor.5. The system of wherein the methanol carbonylation vessel is configured to receive at least a portion of the methanol and/or CO from a methanol synthesis ...

Process for using tobacco

The present invention relates to processes for deriving components or products from tobacco biomass. In particular the invention relates to a process for deriving two or more components or products from a single tobacco biomass stock, wherein during the process, at least one component or product, for example nicotine, is extracted from a liquid phase and at least one component or product, for example an organic molecule such as an alcohol, is produced from a solid phase. The invention also relates to products, particularly plastics, synthesised from the organic molecules derived from the biomass stock.

METHOD FOR PROCESSING BIOBASED MATERIALS AND THE RESULTING COMPOSITIONS

A method of treating a biobased feedstock derived from agricultural resources and specifically from the non-distillate products of fermentation-derived renewable fuel and distilled spirit processes. The separation of thermally labile components from biobased feedstocks result in materials that are thermally stable and better suited for subsequent melt processing in a polymer matrix. 1. A method comprising extruding a biobased feedstock to form an extrudate , and separating at least a portion of a thermally labile component from the extrudate by solvent extraction to form a treated biobased feedstock.2. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising extruding at least one thermoplastic polymer with the biobased feedstock to form the extrudate3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer comprises polyamides claim 2 , polyimides claim 2 , polyurethanes claim 2 , polyolefins claim 2 , polystyrenes claim 2 , polyesters claim 2 , polycarbonates claim 2 , polyketones claim 2 , polyureas claim 2 , polyvinyl resins claim 2 , polyacrylates claim 2 , polymethylacrylates claim 2 , or combinations thereof.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein solvent extraction comprises heating the extrudate in solution to a temperature within a range of about 20° C. to about 120° C.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein separating comprises immersion claim 1 , counter current washing claim 1 , concurrent washing claim 1 , or batch soaking of the extrudate.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the treated biobased feedstock is thermally stable in a subsequent melt processing step.7. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising drying the treated biobased feedstock to remove excess solvent.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein solvent extraction includes solvents comprising at least one of water claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , peroxide claim 1 , sodium hypochlorite claim 1 , iso-propanol claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran claim 1 , ...

Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms for the Chemosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and/or Other Inorganic Carbon Sources into Organic Compounds and the Generation of Additional Useful Products

The invention described herein presents compositions and methods for a multistep biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon into organic chemicals including biofuels or other useful industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, or biomass products. One or more process steps utilizes chemoautotrophic microorganisms to fix inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemosynthesis. An additional feature described are process steps whereby electron donors used for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon are generated by chemical or electrochemical means, or are produced from inorganic or waste sources. An additional feature described are process steps for the recovery of useful chemicals produced by the carbon dioxide capture and conversion process, both from chemosynthetic reaction steps, as well as from non-biological reaction steps. 126.-. (canceled)27. A process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other sources of inorganic carbon , into organic compounds , comprising:introducing a carbon source in the form of flue gas comprising carbon dioxide and/or in the form of an aqueous solution comprising inorganic carbon into an environment in a bioreactor that is suitable for maintaining chemoautotrophic microorganisms;introducing an electron donor that is separate from the carbon source into the environment in the bioreactor;fixing the carbon dioxide in the flue gas and/or inorganic carbon in the aqueous solution into the organic compounds within the environment in the bioreactor via at least one chemosynthetic carbon fixing reaction utilizing chemoautotrophic microorganisms and using at least one electron donor and at least one electron acceptor; andseparating said organic compounds from a process stream produced during the fixing step,wherein said electron donor and/or said electron acceptor are generated and/or refined from at least one inorganic chemical,{'sub': '2', 'wherein ...

GENETICALLY RECOMBINANT SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE FOR DEGRADING KITCHEN WASTE

Disclosed is a genetically recombinant useful for degrading and utilizing kitchen wastes. Genes encoding α-amylase(AMY), glucoamylase (GA) and acid protease (AP) were introduced into the genetically recombinant using a multi-gene co-expression vector and successfully expressed and secreted. The so obtained are capable of secreting amylases and protease to degrade the starch and proteins in kitchen wastes to produce carbon and nitrogen sources such as glucose, polypeptides and amino acids, allowing fermentation into ethanol. 1Saccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaesaccharomyces cerevisiae. A genetically recombinant useful for degrading and utilizing kitchen wastes , wherein the genetically recombinant was constructed by introducing genes encoding α-amylase (AMY) , glucoamylase (GA) and acid protease (AP) into through a expression vector and achieving correct expression and secretion.2Saccharomyces cerevisiaesaccharomyces cerevisiaesaccharomyces cerevisiae. The genetically recombinant useful for degrading and utilizing kitchen wastes of claim 1 , wherein the expression vector is a multi-gene co-expression vector.3Saccharomyces cerevisiaesaccharomyces cerevisiae. The genetically recombinant useful for degrading and utilizing kitchen wastes of claim 2 , wherein the multi-gene co-expression vector is vector pScIKP.4Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A method for constructing the genetically recombinant useful for degrading and utilizing kitchen wastes of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises steps ofS1. obtaining the gene sequences encoding α-amylase, glucoamylase and acid protease respectively by using PCR amplification; introducing an artificial mutation to mutate the nucleotide residue C at position 1566 to T for the gene encoding glucoamylase, and the nucleotide residue C at position 1155 to T for the gene encoding acid protease;{'i': 'saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S2. introducing the genes encoding α-amylase, glucoamylase and acid protease ...

METHOD TO PRODUCE ETHANOL USING WHOLE STILLAGE

A method of producing ethanol is disclosed. The method includes fermentation of carbohydrates from multiple byproduct feedstocks simultaneously during the same fermentation batch by application of a bacterial microbe which converts said carbohydrates to ethanol. A method of producing ethanol from whole stillage is also disclosed comprising converting multiple carbohydrates from multiple feedstocks simultaneously into ethanol without pre-treatment and without added enzymes. A method of producing ethanol with the application of a microbe from the Order Lactobacillales to a byproduct to produce ethanol is also disclosed. 1. A method of producing ethanol , the method comprising fermentation of carbohydrates from multiple byproduct feedstocks simultaneously during the same fermentation batch by application of a bacterial microbe which converts said carbohydrates to ethanol.2. The method of producing ethanol of claim 1 , wherein the byproduct feedstocks are obtained from whole stillage.3. The method of producing ethanol of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial microbe is from the Order Lactobacillales.4Lactobacillus casei, Pediococcus acidophilus,Lactobacillus plantarum.. The method of producing ethanol of claim 3 , wherein the bacterial microbe is selected from the group consisting of and5. The method of producing ethanol of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial microbe converts multiple carbohydrate types into ethanol without the addition of enzymes.6. The method of producing ethanol of claim 1 , wherein the bacterial microbe converts multiple carbohydrate types into ethanol without pre-treatment.7. A method of producing ethanol from whole stillage comprising converting multiple carbohydrates from multiple feedstocks simultaneously into ethanol without pre-treatment and without added enzymes.8. The method of producing ethanol of claim 7 , wherein the method includes the addition of a bacterial microbe.9. The method of producing ethanol of claim 8 , wherein the bacterial microbe is ...

SOLUBILIZATION OF MSW WITH BLEND ENZYMES

The present invention relates to a method for solubilisation or hydrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with an enzyme blend and an enzyme composition for solubilization of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), the enzyme composition comprising a cellulolytic background composition and a protease, lipase and/or beta-glucanase. 1. A process for solubilizing waste comprising:(a) contacting waste with an enzyme composition comprising a cellulolytic background composition and one or more enzymes selected from (i) a protease; (ii) a lipase and (iii) a beta-glucanase.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the waste is Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).3. A process for producing a fermentation product claim 1 , comprising:(a) treating Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) with an enzyme composition comprising a cellulolytic background composition and one or more enzymes selected from (i) a protease; (ii) a lipase and (iii) a beta-glucanase;(b) fermenting the solubilized and/or hydrolysed MSW with one or more fermenting microorganisms to produce a fermentation product; and(c) recovering the fermentation product from the fermentation.4. The process of any of - claim 1 , wherein the waste is pretreated.5. The process of any of - claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises two or more enzymes selected from (i) a protease; (ii) a lipase and (iii) a beta-glucanase (e.g. claim 1 , a protease and a lipase; a protease and a beta-glucanase; or a lipase and a beta-glucanase).6. The process of any of - claim 1 , wherein the enzyme composition comprises (i) a protease; (ii) a lipase and (iii) a beta-glucanase.7. The process of any of - claim 1 , wherein the enzyme composition further comprises one or more enzymes selected from (iv) a pectate lyase; (v) a mannanase; and (vi) an amylase.8. The process of any of - claim 1 , wherein the cellulolytic background composition comprises one or more enzymes selected from (a) a cellobiohydrolase I or variant thereof; (b) cellobiohydrolase II or variant thereof; (c) beta- ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING FERMENTATION PRODUCTS

The present invention relates to processes for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material, wherein an alpha-amylase and optionally a thermostable protease, pullulanase and/or glucoamylase are present and/or added during liquefaction, wherein a cellulolytic composition is present and/or added during fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. The invention also relates to a composition suitable for use in a process of the invention. 1. A process for producing fermentation products from starch-containing material comprising the steps of: an alpha-amylase;', 'optionally a protease having a thermostability value of more than 20% determined as Relative Activity at 80° C./70° C.; and', 'optionally a carbohydrate-source generating enzyme;, 'i) liquefying the starch-containing material at a temperature above the initial gelatinization temperature usingii) saccharifying using a carbohydrate-source generating enzyme;iii) fermenting using a fermenting organism;wherein a cellulolytic composition is present or added during fermentation or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pH during liquefaction is between above 5.0-6.5 claim 1 , such as above 5.0-6.0 claim 1 , such as above 5.0-5.5 claim 1 , such as between 5.2-6.2 claim 1 , such as around 5.2 claim 1 , such as around 5.4 claim 1 , such as around 5.6 claim 1 , such as around 5.8.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation product is an alcohol claim 1 , preferably ethanol claim 1 , especially fuel ethanol claim 1 , potable ethanol and/or industrial ethanol.4Bacillus,Bacillus stearothermophilus,Bacillus stearothermophilus. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alpha-amylase is from the genus such as a strain of in particular a variant of a alpha-amylase claim 1 , such as the one shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 herein.5Bacillus stearothermophilus. The process of claim 4 , wherein the alpha-amylase has a double deletion of positions I181+ ...

YEAST STRAINS ENGINEERED TO PRODUCE ETHANOL FROM ACETIC ACID AND GLYCEROL

The present invention relates to processes for producing ethanol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates comprising, hexoses, pentoses and acetic acid, whereby genetically modified yeast cells are use that comprise an exogenous gene encoding an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase and a bacterial gene encoding an enzyme with NAD-linked glycerol dehydrogenase activity. The process is further characterised in that glycerol is present in or fed into the culture medium, whereby the modified yeast cell ferments the hexoses, pentoses, acetic acid and glycerol to ethanol. The invention further relates to yeast cells for use in such processes. The yeast cells advantageously comprise genetic modifications that improve glycerol utilization such as modifications that increase one or more of dihydroxyacetone kinase activity and transport of glycerol into the cell. The yeast cell further preferably comprises a functional exogenous xylose isomerase gene and/or functional exogenous genes which confer to the cell the ability to convert L-arabinose into D-xylulose 5-phosphate and they may comprise a genetic modification that increase acetyl-CoA synthetase activity. 3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the yeast cell comprises at least one of:i) a functional exogenous xylose isomerase gene, which gene confers to the cell the ability to isomerise xylose into xylulose; andii) functional exogenous genes encoding a L-arabinose isomerase, a L-ribulokinase and a L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase, which genes together confers to the cell the ability to convert L-arabinose into D-xylulose 5-phosphate.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the yeast cell comprises at least one further genetic modification that result in a characteristic selected from the group consisting of:a) increased xylulose kinase specific activity;b) increased flux of the pentose phosphate pathwayc) reduced unspecific aldose reductase specific activityd) increased transport of at least one of xylose and arabinose into the host cell;e) ...

Methods of Organic Waste Stream Conversion

Provided herein are methods of organic waste stream conversion including fermenting an organic waste stream with an inoculum using arrested methanogenesis to generate an organic product. The inoculum includes an anaerobic consortium isolated from cheese, yogurt, saline soil, kefir, and/or probiotics and the anaerobic consortium is pretreated to transform the anaerobic consortium into an acidogenic consortium 1. A method of organic waste stream conversion comprising:fermenting an organic waste stream with an inoculum using arrested methanogenesis performed with a sludge retention time of about 3 days to about 20 days and/or hydraulic retention time of no more than seven days at a pH of 7.5 or less to generate an organic product comprising one or more organic acids and/or alcohols,wherein the inoculum comprises an anaerobic consortium selectively isolated from one or more of cheese, yogurt, saline soil, kefir, and probiotics and pretreated to transform the anaerobic consortium into an acidogenic consortium.2. The method of wherein the fermenting is performed at a pH of 6.0 or less and/or the sludge retention time is no more than 7 days.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein pretreating the anaerobic consortium comprises an acid shock treatment claim 1 , a heat treatment claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the acid shock treatment comprises subjecting the anaerobic consortium to a pH of about 4 or less.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the heat treatment comprises subjecting the anaerobic consortium to a temperature of at least about 80° C.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein each of the acid shock treatment and/or the heat treatment is about 2 hours to about 15 hours.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermenting is performed at a temperature of about 30° C. to about 70° C.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the fermenting is performed at a temperature of about 30° C. to about 40° C. claim 7 , wherein the organic product comprises lactic ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTING AN ORGANIC PRODUCT FROM A CARBON-BASED MATTER FEEDSTOCK USING GASIFICATION FOLLOWED BY FERMENTATION OF THE SYNTHESIS GAS

The invention relates to a process for producing a fuel, in particular a liquid fuel, or another organic product, from a carbon-based matter feedstock, comprising the following steps: a/ gasification of the carbon-based matter feedstock in a first reactor, termed gasifier (), b/ downstream of the gasification, fermentation of the synthesis gas produced according to step a/, by means of microorganisms, water and nutrients in a second reactor, termed fermenter (), c/ recovery, downstream of the fermenter, of the microorganisms and of the water, d/ injection of at least a part of the recovered microorganisms and, where appropriate, of at least a part of the recovered water at the inlet () of the gasifier. 112-. (canceled)13. A process for the production of a fuel , in particular a liquid fuel , or of another organic product , from a carbon-based matter feedstock , comprising the following stages:a/ gasification of the carbon-based matter feedstock in a first reactor, referred to as gasifier,b/ downstream of the gasification, fermentation of the synthesis gas produced according to stage a/ using microorganisms, water and nutrients in a second reactor, referred to as fermenter,c/ recovery, downstream of the fermenter, of the microorganisms and water, a stage c1/ of separation between the microorganisms which have been used for the fermentation and the mixture between the organic product resulting from the fermentation and the water, followed by a distillation of the mixture in order to produce the final organic product,', 'a stage c2/ of adjustment of the concentration of water in the microorganisms recovered by the separation., 'd/ injection of at least a portion of the recovered microorganisms and, if appropriate, of at least a portion of the recovered water at the inlet of the gasifier, and, during the recovery stage c/14. The production process as claimed in claim 13 , according to which claim 13 , between the gasification stage a/ and the fermentation stage b/ claim ...

BIOFUEL AND ELECTRICITY PRODUCING FUEL CELLS AND SYSTEMS AND METHODS RELATED TO SAME

A fuel cell comprising an anode electrode, a cathode electrode and a reference electrode electronically connected to each other; a first biocatalyst comprising a consolidated bioprocessing organism (e.g., a cellulomonad or or related strains, such as (Cuda), (Clen), (), (), alcohol-tolerant , alcohol-tolerant Cuda, and combinations thereof) capable of fermenting biomass (e.g., cellulosic biomass or glycerin-containing biomass) to produce a fermentation byproduct; and a second biocatalyst comprising an electricigen (e.g., ) capable of transferring substantially all the electrons in the fermentation byproduct (e.g., hydrogen, one or more organic acids, or a combination thereof) to the anode electrode to produce electricity is disclosed. Systems and methods related thereto are also disclosed.

COMPOSITE MICROORGANISM ENZYME, METHOD FOR PREPARING PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUTION BY USING COMPOSITE MICROORGANISM ENZYME, AND FERTILIZER SYNERGIST

The present invention relates to a composite microorganism enzyme, a method for preparing a plant nutrient solution by using the composite microorganism enzyme, and a fertilizer synergist. The method comprises the following steps: mixing fresh kelp pulp with a composite microorganism enzyme; and performing enzymolysis on the mixture of the fresh kelp pulp and the composite microorganism enzyme in an enzymolysis vessel to obtain the plant nutrient solution; the composite microorganism enzyme comprises more than one kind each of cellulase, pectinase, protease and amylase, the mass percentage of the cellulases and the pectinases being far greater than that of the proteases and the amylases. The present method for preparing a plant nutrient solution involves a simple enzymolysis process, mild reaction conditions, low costs and no other chemical compositions during the reaction processes, and maintains more of the active ingredients of the fresh kelp. 1. A method of preparing a plant nutrient solution , characterized in that , the method comprises the following steps of:mixing fresh seaweed pulps and a composite microbial enzyme; andcarrying out enzymatic hydrolysis on mixture of the fresh seaweed pulps and the composite microbial enzyme in an enzymolysis tank to obtain the plant nutrient solution,{'i': Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma Viride', 'Aspergillus Niger', 'Rhizopus Oryzae, Aspergillus Niger', 'Aspergillus Oryzae', 'Papain, Bromelain', 'Bacillus Subtilis; wherein the amylase is sourced from Bacillus Licheniformis, Aspergillus Oryzae', 'Aspergillus Niger;, 'wherein the composite microbial enzyme comprises more than one selected from the group consisting of cellulase, pectinase, protease and amylase, wherein the cellulase is sourced from , and/or ; wherein the pectinase is sourced from , and/or ; wherein the protease is sourced from , and/or , and/or'}wherein a mass percentage of the cellulase and the pectinase in the composite microbial enzyme are much greater ...

ETHANOL PRODUCTION METHOD AND ETHANOL FERMENTATION LIQUID

A method of producing ethanol includes: a continuous ethanol fermentation step including culturing a microorganism with a fermentation feedstock containing cane molasses as a main component, filtering the resulting culture liquid through a separation membrane to recover a filtrate containing the ethanol and from which the microorganism has been removed; retaining or returning an unfiltered liquid containing the microorganism, in or to the culture liquid; and adding an additional fermentation feedstock to the culture liquid, and an ethanol concentration and purification step including distilling the filtrate collected in the continuous ethanol fermentation step and contains the ethanol, wherein the microorganism causes a centrifugal supernatant of the culture liquid to contain particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or more, and particles formed by the microorganism culture and contained in the filtrate containing ethanol have an average particle diameter of 40 to 80 nm. 18.-. (canceled)9. A method of producing ethanol , comprising: culturing a microorganism with a fermentation feedstock containing cane molasses as a main component;', 'filtering the resulting culture liquid through a separation membrane to recover a filtrate containing said ethanol and from which said microorganism has been removed;', 'retaining or returning an unfiltered liquid containing said microorganism, in or to the culture liquid; and', 'adding an additional fermentation feedstock to said culture liquid; and, 'a continuous ethanol fermentation step includingan ethanol concentration and purification step including distilling said filtrate which is collected in said continuous ethanol fermentation step and contains said ethanol;wherein said microorganism causes a centrifugal supernatant of said culture liquid to contain particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or more, andparticles formed by the microorganism culture and contained in said filtrate containing ...

GLUCOAMYLASE BLENDS

Methods are provided for saccharifying a starch substrate, comprising contacting the starch substrate with a glucoamylase consisting or comprising of the amino acid sequence of glucoamylase (Fv-GA) and further contacting the starch substrate with at least one additional glucoamylase. Additional methods are provided for saccharifying and fermenting a starch substrate to produce an end product, a biochemical end product and a fermentable beverage using a combination of Fv-GA and at least one additional glucoamylase. 1. A method for saccharifying a starch substrate , comprising contacting the starch substrate with a glucoamylase consisting of the sequence of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) , having at least 85% identity to the sequence of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) , having at least 85% identity to a catalytic domain of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) , having at least 85% identity to a linker and a catalytic domain of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) or having at least 85% identity to an active fragment of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) having glucoamylase activity , and contacting the starch substrate with at least one additional glucoamylase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additional glucoamylase comprises Afu-GA (SEQ ID NO: 3) or An-GA (SEQ ID NO: 7).3. The method of or claim 1 , wherein the additional glucoamylase is Afu-GA (SEQ ID NO: 3) or a glucoamylase having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 3.4. The method of or claim 1 , wherein the additional glucoamylase is An-GA (SEQ ID NO: 7) or a glucoamylase having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 7.5. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein saccharifying the starch substrate results in a high glucose syrup.6. The method of any one of - claim 1 , wherein the high glucose syrup comprises an amount of glucose selected from the list consisting of at least 95.5% glucose claim 1 , at least 95.6% glucose claim 1 , at least 95.7% glucose claim 1 , at least 95.8% glucose claim 1 , at least 95.9% glucose claim 1 , at least 96% glucose claim 1 , at least 96.1% ...

CARBON CAPTURE IN FERMENTATION

The disclosure relates to methods of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation of a gaseous substrate comprising CO into one or more first products which, in turn, may be incorporated into an article of manufacture or one or more second products. Further, the disclosure relates to improving carbon capture and/or efficiency. 1. A method of capturing carbon by microbial fermentation , the method comprising: a) a gas stream comprising CO and/or CO2 generated from a process comprising pyrolysis, torrefaction, reforming, partial oxidation, or gasification;', {'sub': 2', '2, 'b) an industrial off gas comprising CO, or a direct air capture gas stream comprising CO;'}, 'c) a gas stream comprising methane or methane combustion products; or', 'd) any combination thereof,, 'i. receiving a gas stream(s) selected fromii. passing the gas stream(s) to a bioreactor containing a culture of one or more microorganisms;iii. fermenting the culture in the bioreactor to produce one or more first products; andiv. incorporating the one or more products into an article or converting the one or more products into one or more second products.2. The method of wherein at least one first product is selected from ethanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , isopropanol and monoethylene glycol.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product comprises ethanol and the article is antiseptic hand rubs claim 1 , therapeutic treatments for methylene glycol and methanol poisoning claim 1 , solvents claim 1 , antimicrobial preservatives claim 1 , engine fuels claim 1 , rocket fuels claim 1 , fuel cells claim 1 , home fireplace fuel claim 1 , industrial chemical precursors claim 1 , winterization extraction solvents claim 1 , paint masking products claim 1 , paints claim 1 , tinctures claim 1 , nucleic acid purifiers claim 1 , or cooling bath medium.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first product comprises ethanol and the second product is ethylene.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising ...

GLUCOAMYLASE BLENDS

Methods are provided for saccharifying a starch substrate, comprising contacting the starch substrate with a glucoamylase consisting or comprising of the amino acid sequence of glucoamylase (Fv-GA) and further contacting the starch substrate with at least one additional glucoamylase. Additional methods are provided for saccharifying and fermenting a starch substrate to produce an end product, a biochemical end product and a fermentable beverage using a combination of Fv-GA and at least one additional glucoamylase. 1. A method for saccharifying a starch substrate , comprising contacting the starch substrate with a glucoamylase consisting of the sequence of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) , having at least 85% identity to the sequence of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) , having at least 85% identity to a catalytic domain of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) , having at least 85% identity to a linker and a catalytic domain of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) or having at least 85% identity to an active fragment of Fv-GA (SEQ ID NO: 1) having glucoamylase activity , and contacting the starch substrate with at least one additional glucoamylase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additional glucoamylase comprises Afu-GA (SEQ ID NO: 3) or An-GA (SEQ ID NO: 7).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additional glucoamylase is Afu-GA (SEQ ID NO: 3) or a glucoamylase having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 3.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additional glucoamylase is An-GA (SEQ ID NO: 7) or a glucoamylase having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 7.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein saccharifying the starch substrate results in a high glucose syrup.6. The method of of claim 1 , wherein the high glucose syrup comprises an amount of glucose selected from the list consisting of at least 95.5% glucose claim 1 , at least 95.6% glucose claim 1 , at least 95.7% glucose claim 1 , at least 95.8% glucose claim 1 , at least 95.9% glucose claim 1 , at least 96% glucose claim 1 , at least 96.1% glucose claim 1 , at least ...

Compositions and Methods for the Conversion of Short-Chained Carboxylic Acids to Alcohols Using Clostridial Enzymes

The invention relates to the fields of bacterial metabolism and the utilization or consumption of short-chain carboxylic acids to reduced products. Specifically, it relates to syngas fermentations using monocultures of syngas-utilizing homoacetogenic bacteria for the production of alcohols using native alcohol dehydrogenase.

ACID WHEY WITH STABLE LACTOSE CONTENT

The invention relates to improved acid whey compositions, having an improve lactose content and stability. The invention also relates to processes of making such compositions. 1. An acid whey composition comprising lactose and lactic acid bacteria , wherein:the lactose content is of at least 3.20% by weight,the lactic acid bacteria are at least partly in an alive state,the lactose stability is of higher than 85%, during a storage of 7 days at 32° C.2. The acid whey according to claim 1 , wherein the lactose stability is of higher than 90%.3. The acid whey according to claim 1 , having a pH of from 3.50 to 4.70.4. The acid whey according to claim 1 , having:from 0.0% to 0.4% of protein,from 3.20% to 4.70% of lactose, andfrom 92.0% to 95.0% of water.5. The acid whey according to claim 1 , wherein the lactic acid bacteria comprise at least one lactic acid bacteria having a low lactose metabolization capacity is the acid whey.6. A process for the manufacture of an acid whey composition according to claim 1 , comprising:a) heat treatment of a dairy material comprising lactose,b) fermentation with lactic acid bacteria, andc) separation to obtain a strained fermented dairy product and the acid whey composition comprising lactose.7. A process according to claim 6 , wherein the lactic acid bacteria comprise at least one lactic acid bacteria having a low lactose metabolization capacity in the acid whey.87Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the at least one lactic acid bacteria comprises a strain.9Streptococcus thermophilusLactobacillus bulgaricus. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the fermentation step b) is carried out with a culture comprising at least one strain and at least one strain.10Lactobacillus bulgaricus. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the strain is strain CNCM I-2787.11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein:{'i': Streptococcus thermophilus', 'Streptococcus thermophilus, 'the at least one strain comprises ...

Biological and Chemical Process Utilizing Chemoautotrophic Microorganisms for the Chemosynthetic Fixation of Carbon Dioxide and/or Other Inorganic Carbon Sources into Organic Compounds and the Generation of Additional Useful Products

The invention described herein presents compositions and methods for a multistep biological and chemical process for the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide and/or other forms of inorganic carbon into organic chemicals including biofuels or other useful industrial, chemical, pharmaceutical, or biomass products. One or more process steps utilizes chemoautotrophic microorganisms to fix inorganic carbon into organic compounds through chemosynthesis. An additional feature described are process steps whereby electron donors used for the chemosynthetic fixation of carbon are generated by chemical or electrochemical means, or are produced from inorganic or waste sources. An additional feature described are process steps for the recovery of useful chemicals produced by the carbon dioxide capture and conversion process, both from chemosynthetic reaction steps, as well as from non-biological reaction steps.

Broad Spectrum Bacteriocin for Control of Unwanted Bacteria

A composition containing a newly identified bacteriocin produced by a Lactobacillus plantarum strain, isolated from natural corn mash used in commercial fermentation process for production of ethanol. The bacteriocin composition is effective in broad range killing against the vast majority of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates in ethanol fermentation mash, which include multiple species of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Weissella, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Enterococcus , and Streptococcus as well as killing activity against non-LAB isolates, such as strains of Staphylococcus, Enterobacter, Bacillus , and Clostridium . The bacteriocin is also combined with broad range bacteriophage to provide synergistic effectiveness again unwanted bacteria in industrial biofuel fermentation process and in human and animal bacterial infections.

Process for the decomposition of biomass-material

The present application pertains to a process for the decomposition of biomass-material.

Polypeptides Having Endoglucanase Activity and Polynucleotides Encoding Same

The present invention relates to isolated polypeptides having endoglucanase activity and isolated polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides. The invention also relates to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides as well as methods of producing and using the polypeptides. 117-. (canceled)18. A nucleic acid construct comprising a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having endoglucanase activity , wherein the polynucleotide is operably linked to one or more heterologous control sequences that direct the production of the polypeptide , and wherein the polypeptide having endoglucanase activity is a polypeptide having at least 98% sequence identity to amino acids 18 to 414 of SEQ ID NO: 2; or a polypeptide encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 98% sequence identity to nucleotides 52 to 1242 of SEQ ID NO: 1.19. The nucleic acid construct of claim 18 , wherein the polypeptide having endoglucanase activity has at least 98% sequence identity to amino acids 18 to 414 of SEQ ID NO: 2.20. The nucleic acid construct of claim 18 , wherein the polypeptide having endoglucanase activity has at least 99% sequence identity to amino acids 18 to 414 of SEQ ID NO: 2.21. The nucleic acid construct of claim 18 , wherein the polypeptide having endoglucanase activity comprises (i) the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; (ii) amino acids 18 to 414 of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2; or (iii) a fragment of (i) or (ii) having endoglucanase activity.22. The nucleic acid construct of claim 18 , wherein the polypeptide having endoglucanase activity comprises amino acids 18 to 414 of the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO: 2.23. The nucleic acid construct of claim 18 , wherein the polypeptide having endoglucanase activity is encoded by a polynucleotide having at least 98% sequence identity to nucleotides 52 to 1242 of SEQ ID NO: 1.24. The nucleic acid construct of claim 18 , wherein the polypeptide having endoglucanase activity is encoded by a polynucleotide having at ...

CARBON CAPTURE IN FERMENTATION

The invention relates to a method for producing products by microbial fermentation. The method comprises first converting a feed stream containing methane to a gaseous substrate comprising CO, of the invention include converting CO H, and COusing a steam reforming zone and a water gas shift zone. The gaseous substrate is then converted to products such as alcohols and/or acids byto one or more products including alcohols and/or acids by fermentation using a carboxydotrophic microorganism. 1. A method for the production of a product , comprising:{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '2, 'a. providing a feed stream comprising methane to a steam reforming zone to reform at least a portion of the methane to produce a reformed gas stream comprising CO and Hby the reaction: CH+HO→CO+3H;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'b. passing the reformed gas stream to a water gas shift zone to produce a first gas stream comprising CO, H, and COby the reaction: CO+HO→CO+H;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'c. passing the first gas stream to a first gas separator and removing at least a portion of one or more of CO, CO, H, N, and Ofrom the first gas stream to produce a second gas stream,'}d. passing the second gas stream to a bioreactor containing one or more carboxydotrophic microorganisms, ande. culturing the microorganisms to produce a product comprising at least one of alcohols, and acids.2. The method of claim 1 , comprising removing at least a portion of Hfrom the first gas stream.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein His separated by a pressure swing adsorption unit.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the His used as a fuel.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second gas stream comprises one or more of CO claim 1 , CO claim 1 , and H.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second gas stream comprises at least CO and CO.7. The method of further comprising removing at least a portion of COfrom the second gas stream prior to passing the second gas stream to the bioreactor.8. The method of claim 1 , further ...

GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CANDIDA UTILIS CAPABLE OF DEGRADING AND UTILIZING KITCHEN WASTE AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD THEREFOR

Provided is a genetically engineered capable of degrading and utilizing kitchen waste. The genetically engineered is obtained by using a multigene co-expression vector to integrate alpha-amylase, glucoamylase and acid protease genes into the genome and to correctly express such three enzymes. 1Candida utilisCandida utilisCandida utilisCandida utilis. A method for constructing a genetically engineered capable of degrading and utilizing kitchen waste , wherein said genetically engineered is constructed and obtained by using a multigene co-expression vector to integrate alpha-amylase , glucoamylase and acid protease genes into the genome.2Candida utilisCandida utilisSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCandida utilis.. The method for constructing a genetically engineered capable of degrading and utilizing kitchen waste according to claim 1 , wherein the multigene co-expression vector is obtained by using multigene co-expression vector as the basis claim 1 , removing the rDNA sequence from the multigene co-expression vector claim 1 , and replacing the phosphoglycerate kinase promoter of in the multigene co-expression vector with the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter of3Candida utilisCandida utilis. The method for constructing a genetically engineered capable of degrading and utilizing kitchen waste according to claim 2 , wherein the method for constructing the genetically engineered are specifically as follows:{'i': Candida utilis', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae, 'S1: performing the double digestion on the multigene co-expression vector, the multigene co-expression vector, the alpha-amylase gene as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, the glucoamylase gene as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and the acid protease gene as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3 by using restriction endonucleases, and purifying and recovering the desired fragments;'}{'i': Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'Candida utilis, 'S2: ligating the alpha-amylase gene and the ...

PROCESSING BIOMASS

Methods are provided for reducing one or more dimensions of individual pieces of biomass; treating biomass, such as size-reduced biomass; changing a molecular structure of a biomass material; and, optionally, subjecting the biomass to a primary process to form a product. The methods include processing biomass materials using a screw extrusion process, and treating the biomass material with a screw extrusion process in size-reduction and treating steps. 1. A method of processing biomass , the method comprising: reducing one or more dimensions of individual pieces of biomass; exposing the biomass to a first dose of electron beam radiation using a scanning electron beam; conveying the biomass , using a screw; and exposing the biomass to a second dose of electron beam radiation using a scanning electron beam; wherein the electron beam radiation from the first dose and the second dose are each provided by a scanning electron beam device operated at a power from 50 kW to 500 kW , and the first dose and the second dose of electron beam radiation are each provided at a dose rate of at least 1 Mrad per second; and wherein the biomass comprises cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic material.2. The method of further comprising claim 1 , after exposure to the second dose of electron beam radiation claim 1 , subjecting the biomass to a primary process to form a product.3. The method of wherein the primary process comprises fermentation.4. The method of wherein the primary process comprises contacting the biomass with a microorganism and/or an enzyme having the ability to convert at least a portion of the biomass to the product.5. The method of wherein the product comprises a combustible fuel.6. The method of wherein the microorganism comprises a bacterium or a yeast.7. The method of wherein converting comprises fermentation of sugars derived from the biomass.8. The method of wherein exposure to the first dose and the second dose of electron beam radiation is performed on the biomass ...

CONTINUOUS ETHANOL RECOVERY FROM FERMENTATION WITH HIGH SOLIDS CORN SLURRY PRODUCTION

A system and method for continuous ethanol recovery from high solids corn slurry mash fermentation in an ethanol plant. 1. A system for ethanol recovery from high solids corn slurry mash fermentation in an ethanol plant , which system comprises:a prefermenter configured for receiving high solids corn slurry mash from the ethanol plant;a yeast source configured for injecting live yeast cells from the ethanol plant into the prefermenter;said prefermenter configured for converting sugar in the mash to ethanol and providing beer with a concentration of the ethanol as prefermenter output; anda prefermenter stripper configured for receiving an upflowing airstream and stripping ethanol and water off of downflowing beer.2. The system according to claim 1 , which includes:a rectifier column receiving a condensed overhead stream from the scrubber bottom stripper.3. The system according to claim 2 , which includes:a source of live yeast cells configured for injecting said live yeast cells into the mash in said prefermenter.4. The system according to claim 3 , including:a prefermenter stripper with an upflowing clean air stream source configured for stripping ethanol and water off of the downflowing beer and, leaving the top of the prefermenter stripper as an ethanol-laden exhaust.5. The system according to claim 4 , which includes:a beer recirculation pump configured for returning the stripped beer to the prefermenter through a beer recirculation cooler configured for cooling the stripped beer.6. The system according to claim 5 , which includes:a cooling tower in the ethanol plant, said cooling tower configured for providing a source of cooling water and functioning as a heat sink.7. The system according to claim 6 , which includes an ethanol scrubber configured for receiving and ethanol-laden exhaust diverted to a bottom of the ethanol scrubber and receiving a water stream at the top of the ethanol scrubber.8. The system according to configured for feeding ethanol-laden ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC SUBSTANCE FROM WASTE

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method which are suitable for producing an organic substance using a synthesis gas from a waste gasification furnace. The apparatus for producing an organic substance from waste comprises a synthesis gas generation furnace for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of the waste; and an organic substance production unit for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas. The organic substance production unit further comprises: a synthesis unit for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst, and a fermenter for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation. 16-. (canceled)7. A method for producing an organic substance from waste , comprising:a synthesis gas-generating step for generating a synthesis gas by partial oxidation of waste; andan organic substance-producing step for producing an organic substance from the synthesis gas,the organic substance-producing step further comprising:a synthesizing step for synthesizing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to catalytic reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst in a synthesis unit; anda fermentation step for producing an organic substance by subjecting the synthesis gas to microbial fermentation in a fermenter.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the fermentation step is performed after the synthesizing step.9. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the organic substance is ethanol.10. The method according to claim 7 , wherein claim 7 , the organic substance synthesized in the synthesizing step and the organic substance produced in the fermentation step are different from each other.1112-. (canceled) The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for producing an organic substance from waste.In recent years, the practical application has been considered with respect to a method for producing ...