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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 14200. Отображено 100.
02-02-2012 дата публикации

Electrode assembly

Номер: US20120024571A1
Автор: Andrew Raymond Mount, Anthony John Walton, Jonathan Gordon Terry, Neville John Freeman
Принадлежит: Nanoflex Ltd, University of Edinburgh

The present invention relates to an electrode assembly having a laminate structure comprising: a first insulating capping layer; a first conducting layer capped by the first insulating capping layer and substantially sandwiched by at least the first insulating capping layer such as to leave exposed only an electrical contact lip of the first conducting layer; and an array of etched voids extending through at least the first insulating capping layer and the first conducting layer, wherein each void is partly bound by a surface of the first conducting layer which acts as an internal submicron electrode.

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Номер записи: 1
09-02-2012 дата публикации

Carboxylic polybenzimidazole

Номер: US20120035333A1
Автор: Hsiao-Chien Chen, Lee-Yih Wang, Mu-Yi Hua, Rung-Ywan Tsai
Принадлежит: Chang Gung University CGU

A carboxylic polybenzimidazole includes at least one of the following functional group of formula (I): wherein G is a group containing a carboxylic acid end group or a carboxylated end group.

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Номер записи: 2
01-03-2012 дата публикации

Ion sensor for measuring ion concentration of a solution

Номер: US20120048733A1
Автор: Bing-Mau Chen, Chan-Hung Huang, Chen-Hao Kuo, Chia-Hua Chang, Min-Hsiang Hsu, Peichen Yu
Принадлежит: National Chiao Tung University NCTU

An ion sensor includes: a conductive base structure including a substrate and an electrode film formed on the substrate; a plurality of ion-sensitive nanorods protruding from the electrode film; and an encapsulant enclosing the conductive base structure, surrounding the ion-sensitive nanorods, and formed with a window for exposing the ion-sensitive nanorods. Each of the ion-sensitive nanorods has a conductive core and an ion-sensitive layer formed on and enclosing the conductive core. The ion-sensitive material exhibits an ion selectivity of absorbing an ion of interest thereon for inducing a surface potential corresponding to concentration of the ion of interest.

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Номер записи: 3
22-03-2012 дата публикации

Electrochemical sensors

Номер: US20120067724A1
Автор: Carolyn R. Kahn, Elicia Wong, Vern Norviel
Принадлежит: Sensor Innovations Inc

Described herein are substrates, sensors and systems related to measuring the concentration of an analyte such as hydrogen ion in a sample. Redox active moieties whose reduction and/or oxidation potentials are sensitive to the presence of an analyte are immobilized onto a surface of an electrode. Immobilized redox active moieties whose reduction and/or oxidation potential are insensitive to the analyte can be used for reference. Voltammetric measurements made using such modified surfaces can accurately determine the presence and/or concentrations of analytes in a sample of interest. The electrochemical sensors of the invention are robust and can be made so as not to require calibration or recalibration.

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Номер записи: 4
12-04-2012 дата публикации

Electrochemical sensor having symmetrically distributed analyte sensitive areas

Номер: US20120088993A1
Автор: Ewald Rieger, Georgeta Lica, Harvey Buck, Karl-Heinz Koelker
Принадлежит: Roche Diagnostics Operations Inc

The present invention provides an electrochemical sensor that employs multiple electrode areas that are exposed for contact with a body fluid, e.g., when the sensor is inserted subcutaneously into a patient's skin. The exposed electrode areas are arranged symmetrically, such that a symmetrical potential distribution is produced when an AC signal is applied to the sensor. The sensors in accordance with these teachings can advantageously be used with AC signals to determine characteristics of the sensor and thus improve sensor performance. These teachings also provide a biocompatible sensor with multiple reference electrode areas that are exposed for contact with body fluid.

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Номер записи: 5
19-04-2012 дата публикации

Device for detecting an analyte

Номер: US20120090995A1
Автор: Anton Seidl, Eric Lee, Gregory G Wildgoose, Joseph A. Duimstra, Joseph I. Keto, Lee Leonard, Mark Micklatcher, Victor Simonyi
Принадлежит: SENOVA SYSTEMS Inc

Devices for detecting an analyte comprising a redox active analyte sensitive material on a working electrode and computer assisted signal acquisition and processing.

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Номер записи: 6
26-04-2012 дата публикации

Measurement device used for specifically detecting substance to be examined using photocurrent, sensor unit used for same, and method for specifically detecting substance to be examined using photocurrent

Номер: US20120100627A1
Автор: Makoto Bekki, Shuji Sonezaki
Принадлежит: TOTO LTD

In utilizing photocurrent generated in the photoexcitation of a dye in specific detection of an analyte, highly accurate detection can be realized by discharging charged current generated in the formation of a sensor unit and, in the detection of photocurrent of a plurality of detection spots provided on a working electrode, discharging photocurrent which is derived from a detection spot subjected to the latest photocurrent measurement and becomes noise current. The present invention provides a measuring apparatus comprising a sensor unit comprising a working electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolyte-containing substance, a single or plurality of light sources that apply light to the working electrode, an XY moving device provided when the light source is moved relatively in an XY direction relative to the working electrode, an ammeter that measures current which flows across the working electrode and the counter electrode, and a discharge device that discharges charged current and photocurrent derived from a detection spot subjected to the latest photocurrent measurement. The specific detection method using the measuring apparatus is carried out by controlling the timing of light irradiation and the timing of connection to the ammeter and the discharge device.

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Номер записи: 7
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a liquid sample using small volume samples and fast test times

Номер: US20120103834A1
Автор: Christopher D. Wilsey
Принадлежит: Roche Diagnostics Operations Inc

Analytes in a liquid sample are determined by methods utilizing sample volumes of up to 1.0 μl and test times from about 4 to about 9 seconds after detection of the sample. The methods are preferably performed using small test strips including a sample receiving chamber filled with the sample by capillary action.

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Номер записи: 8
19-07-2012 дата публикации

Determination of blood glucose in a small volume and in a short test time using a chemical coating including binders and very short read potentials

Номер: US20120181188A1
Автор: Christopher D. Wilsey
Принадлежит: Roche Diagnostics Operations Inc

Analytes in a liquid sample are determined by methods utilizing sample volumes of less than about 1.0 μl and test times within about eight seconds. The methods are preferably performed using small test strips including a sample receiving chamber filled with the sample by capillary action.

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Номер записи: 9
13-09-2012 дата публикации

Protection and surface modification of carbon nanostructures

Номер: US20120228157A1
Автор: Chunhong Li, David J. Ruggieri, Piu Francis Man
Принадлежит: Nanoselect Inc

Nanostructures comprising carbon and metal catalyst that are formed on a substrate, such as a silicon substrate, are contacted with a composition that, among other useful modifications, protects the nano structures and renders them stable in the presence of oxidizing agents in an aqueous environment. The protected nano structures are rendered stable over an extended period of time and thereby remain useful during such period as components of an electrode, for example, for detecting electrochemical species such as free chlorine, total chlorine, or both in water.

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Номер записи: 10
20-09-2012 дата публикации

Biosensor, biosensor chip and biosensor device

Номер: US20120234677A1
Автор: Hiroya Ueno, Junji Nakatsuka
Принадлежит: Individual

A biosensor includes a working electrode 101 , a counter electrode 102 opposing the working electrode 101 , a working electrode terminal 103 and a working electrode reference terminal 10 connected to the working electrode 101 by wires, and a counter electrode terminal 104 connected to the counter electrode 102 by a wire. By employing a structure with at least three electrodes, it is possible to assay a target substance without being influenced by the line resistance on the working electrode side.

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Номер записи: 11
08-11-2012 дата публикации

Electrochemical ph measurement

Номер: US20120279874A1
Автор: Andrew Meredith, Nathan S. Lawrence
Принадлежит: Schlumberger Technology Corp

A method of measuring pH of aqueous liquid with little or no buffer present uses an electrochemical pH sensor which comprises a plurality of electrodes with a redox active organic compound attached to an electrode and having at least one functional group convertible electrochemically between reduced and oxidized forms with transfer of at least one proton between the compound and surrounding aqueous phase, wherein the compound has at least one substituent group which promotes hydrogen bonding at a said functional group and thereby increases the reaction rate of proton transfer. The substituent group may form an internal hydrogen bond with a redox-convertible group or may enhance polarity to promote electrostatic interaction with water molecules and reduce activation energy. Such an electrochemical sensor may be used for pH measurement in computer controlled equipment for processing an aqueous liquid.

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Номер записи: 12
24-01-2013 дата публикации

Led-based screener for photoelectrochemical materials discovery

Номер: US20130020197A1
Автор: Gates R. Winkler, Jay R. Winkler
Принадлежит: California Institute of Technology CalTech

An LED-based materials analysis apparatus that measures the photoelectrochemical response of materials to illumination. The apparatus uses an array of light sources such as a plurality of LEDs that provide light of desired wavelengths to illuminate one or more samples of materials of interest that are immersed in an electrolyte. A measurement circuit is connected between a transparent conductor attached to each sample of interest and a counter electrode. In some measurements, a third, standard electrode may be connected to the measurement circuit. A pulsing circuit that operates the LEDs causes each sample to be tested according to a predetermined sequence. Data is collected using a programmable computer operating under the control of instructions recorded on a machine readable medium. The data is analyzed and is available to be displayed to a user, recorded in a database, or communicated to another apparatus or process.

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Номер записи: 13
28-02-2013 дата публикации

Reference Electrodes Having an Extended Lifetime for use in Long Term Amperometric Sensors

Номер: US20130053667A1
Автор: Benjamin J. Feldman, Brian Cho, Udo Hoss, Zenghe Liu
Принадлежит: Abbott Diabetes Care Inc

The present application provides Ag/AgCl based reference electrodes having an extended lifetime that are suitable for use in long term amperometric sensors. Electrochemical sensors equipped with reference electrodes described herein demonstrate considerable stability and extended lifetime in a variety of conditions.

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Номер записи: 14
18-04-2013 дата публикации

Electrochemical detection cell for liquid chromatography system

Номер: US20130091936A1
Автор: Christopher A. Pohl, Jun Cheng, Petr Jandik
Принадлежит: Dionex Corp

A detection cell for a chromatography system includes a cell body having an inlet, an outlet, and a counter electrode, a working electrode, a sample flow passageway extending between the inlet and the outlet and in fluid contact with the counter and working electrodes, and a palladium/noble metal reference electrode system. A method of using the detection cell is also described.

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Номер записи: 15
25-04-2013 дата публикации

Detection of Phenols

Номер: US20130098779A1
Автор: Banks Craig Edward, Compton Richard Guy
Принадлежит: ISIS INNOVATION LIMITED

According to the present invention, phenols may be detected using an electrochemical sensor comprising a first compound, a working electrode and an electrolyte in contact with the working electrode, wherein the first compound operatively undergoes a redox reaction at the working electrode to form a second compound which operatively reacts in situ with the phenol, wherein said redox reaction has a detectable redox couple and wherein the sensor is adapted to determine the electrochemical response of the working electrode to the consumption of said second compound on reaction with the phenol. The phenol may be, for example, a cannabinoid or a catechin compound. 123.-. (canceled)24. A method of detecting a phenol in a sample , comprising:(a) oxidising a first compound at a working electrode of an electrochemical sensor to form a second compound which is operatively reactive with the phenol;(b) contacting the phenol with the second compound in the presence of an electrolyte, such that the second compound reacts with the phenol; and(c) determining an electrochemical response of the working electrode to the consumption of the second compound on reaction with the phenol;wherein the first compound in step (a) is a 4-aminophenol, and wherein the second compound reacts to covalently bind the phenol in step (b).25. (canceled)27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein m is 0 claim 26 , 1 or 2.28. The method according to claim 26 , wherein the or each Ris independently selected from —NRR claim 26 , halogen claim 26 , C claim 26 , C claim 26 , Cor Calkyl claim 26 , C claim 26 , C claim 26 , Cor Chaloalkyl claim 26 , C claim 26 , C claim 26 , Cor Calkoxy claim 26 , and C claim 26 , Cor Calkenyl claim 26 , and wherein Rand Rare each independently selected from hydrogen claim 26 , —OH claim 26 , C claim 26 , C claim 26 , Cor Calkyl claim 26 , C claim 26 , C claim 26 , Cor Chaloalkyl claim 26 , C claim 26 , C claim 26 , Cor Calkoxy claim 26 , and C claim 26 , Cor Calkenyl.29. The ...

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Номер записи: 16
02-05-2013 дата публикации

MINIATURE REFERENCE ELECTRODE

Номер: US20130105308A1
Автор: Diem Bernard, Kirchev Angel Zhivkov, Mattera Florence
Принадлежит:

A reference electrode includes a reference electrolyte and a proton exchange membrane arranged to separate the reference electrolyte from a medium external to the electrode. The proton-exchange membrane comprises acid-doped polyaniline. The acid-doped polyaniline is in the form of particles distributed in a bonding polymer material. 1. A reference electrode comprising:a reference electrolyte, anda proton exchange membrane arranged to separate the reference electrolyte from a medium external to the electrode,wherein the proton exchange membrane comprises acid-doped polyaniline particles distributed in a bonding polymer material.2. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the polyaniline mass to the mass of bonding polymer material is comprised between 1 and 2.3. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the polyaniline is doped with an ion identical to one of the ions of the reference electrolyte.4. A method for forming a reference electrode comprising the steps of:forming a mixture of an acid-doped polyaniline based powder and of a liquid polymerizable material,depositing a layer of the mixture on a reference electrolyte layer, andpolymerizing the mixture.5. The method according to claim 4 , comprising claim 4 , before forming the mixture claim 4 , the steps of:electrochemically synthesizing acid-doped polyaniline,grinding the acid-doped polyaniline to form a powder.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the electrochemical synthesis of acid-doped polyaniline is performed by means of a precursor containing an ion identical to one of the ions of the reference electrolyte.7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the electrochemical synthesis of acid-doped polyaniline is performed by means of an electrolyte identical to the reference electrolyte.8. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the polymerizable material is a phenol-furfural based pre-polymer claim 4 , a phenol-formaldehyde based pre-polymer claim 4 , a ...

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Номер записи: 17
02-05-2013 дата публикации

DIAMOND MICROELECTRODE

Номер: US20130105312A1
Автор: Galbiati Arnaldo, Lynn Stephen Charles, Oliver Kevin John
Принадлежит: ELEMENT SIX LIMITED

A microelectrode for electrochemical analysis having an analysis surface which comprises one or more regions of electrically conductive diamond material surrounded by electrically insulating diamond-like carbon material, the diamond-like carbon material having, (a) a hardness lower than that of the electrically conductive diamond material and (b) a resistivity of at least 1×10ohm·cm, and the microelectrode being provided with connection means () for electrically connecting the one or more regions to an external circuit. 1. A microelectrode having an analysis surface which comprises one or more regions of electrically conductive diamond material surrounded by electrically insulating diamond-like carbon material , the diamond-like carbon material having(a) a hardness that is lower than that of the electrically conductive diamond material, and{'sup': '9', '(b) a resistivity of at least 1×10ohmcm,'}and the microelectrode being provided with connection means for electrically connecting the one or more regions to an external circuit.2. A microelectrode as claimed in wherein the electrically conductive diamond material comprises boron doped diamond.3. A microelectrode as claimed in wherein the diamond-like carbon material has a hardness less than or equal to 0.6 times the hardness of the electrically conductive diamond material.4. A microelectrode as claimed in wherein the analysis surface comprises two or more regions of electrically conductive diamond material surrounded by electrically insulating diamond-like carbon claim 1 , which regions are electrically connected to each other at a position away from the analysis surface.5. A microelectrode as claimed in wherein at least one of said regions of electrically conductive diamond material has a diameter in the range 15 μm to 30 μm.6. A microelectrode as claimed in wherein the analysis surface comprises an array of three or more regions of electrically conductive diamond material surrounded by electrically insulating ...

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Номер записи: 18
06-06-2013 дата публикации

TEXTILE-BASED PRINTABLE ELECTRODES FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSING

Номер: US20130144131A1
Автор: Wang Joseph, Windmiller Joshua Ray
Принадлежит: The Regents of the University of California

Techniques and systems are disclosed for implementing textile-based screen-printed amperometric or potentiometric sensors. The chemical sensor can include carbon based electrodes to detect at least one of NADH, hydrogen peroxide, potassium ferrocyanide, TNT or DNT, in liquid or vapor phase. In one application, underwater presence of chemicals such as heavy metals and explosives is detected using the textile-based sensors. 1. A chemical sensor incorporated into textile or clothing , the chemical sensor comprising:at least one of an amperometric sensor and a potentiometric sensor.2. The chemical sensor of claim 1 , comprising at least one carbon based electrode to detect at least one of physiologically-relevant analyte and nitro- or nitrate-based explosive claim 1 , in liquid or vapor phase.3. The chemical sensor of claim 2 , wherein the at least one carbon based electrode is for detecting at least one of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide claim 2 , NADH claim 2 , hydrogen peroxide claim 2 , potassium ferrocyanide claim 2 , trinitrotoluene claim 2 , TNT claim 2 , and dinitrotoluene claim 2 , DNT claim 2 , in liquid or vapor phase.4. The chemical sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a chemically selective layer.5. The chemical sensor of claim 4 , wherein the chemically selective layer comprises a permselective coating or a catalytic layer.6. The chemical sensor of claim 5 , wherein the catalytic layer comprises a biocatalyst.7. The chemical sensor of claim 6 , wherein the biocatalyst comprises an enzyme.8. The chemical sensor of claim 7 , wherein the enzyme layer comprises dehydrogenase- and oxidase-based enzymes for at least one of urea claim 7 , glucose claim 7 , ethanol and lactate sensing.9. The chemical sensor of claim 5 , wherein the catalytic layer comprises a metallic catalyst selected from the group nickel claim 5 , bismuth claim 5 , silver claim 5 , gold claim 5 , platinum claim 5 , palladium claim 5 , iridium claim 5 , rhodium claim 5 , osmium claim 5 , and ...

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Номер записи: 19
13-06-2013 дата публикации

DEVICE FOR SENSING A TARGET CHEMICAL AND METHOD OF ITS MAKING

Номер: US20130150689A1
Автор: SHAW-KLEIN Lori J.
Принадлежит: MICROPEN TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION

The present invention relates to a device for sensing a target chemical. The device includes a flexible, non-planar substrate; a printed, solid-state sensing element comprising a chemical sensing material which produces an electrical signal upon interaction with the target chemical; a first printed electrode comprising a first conductive composition; and a second electrode comprising a second conductive composition. The first and second electrodes are electrically isolated from one another, and one or both of the first and second electrodes is in electrical contact with said sensing element. The first and second electrodes and the sensing element collectively form an electrochemical sensor which is coupled to the flexible, non-planar substrate. Medical devices comprising the device of the present invention and methods of making a device for sensing a target chemical are also disclosed. 1. A device for sensing a target chemical comprising:a flexible, non-planar substrate;a printed, solid-state sensing element comprising a chemical sensing material which produces an electrical signal upon interaction with the target chemical;a first printed electrode comprising a first conductive composition; anda second electrode comprising a second conductive composition, wherein said first and second electrodes are electrically isolated from one another, and one or both of the first and second electrodes is in electrical contact with said sensing element, wherein said first and second electrodes and said sensing element collectively form an electrochemical sensor, which is coupled to said flexible, non-planar substrate.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the first printed electrode is in electrical contact with said sensing element.3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein both the first and second electrodes are in electrical contact with said sensing element.4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the second electrode is printed onto the substrate.5. The device ...

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Номер записи: 20
20-06-2013 дата публикации

REFERENCE ELECTRODE

Номер: US20130153417A1
Автор: Iwamoto Yasukazu, Shibata Manabu
Принадлежит: HORIBA, LTD.

A reference electrode for improving a product life cycle without using a gelled hydrophobic ionic liquid having a prescribed hardness or viscosity and without having a large thickness so as to be difficult to manufacture is provided. The reference electrode is provided with a housing for accommodating an internal electrode, a filler for electrically connecting the internal electrode, and a sample liquid. The filler is formed having a layer between the internal electrode and an opening formed in the housing for contacting the sample liquid and the filler. The filler includes a first layer including a water soluble electrolytic solution formed to be in contact with the internal electrode a second layer including a hydrophobic ionic liquid formed to be in contact with the first layer; and a third layer including a gelled hydrophobic ionic liquid formed in the opening so as to be in contact with the second layer. 1. A reference electrode comprising an internal electrode and a housing that houses a filler for electrically connecting the internal electrode and a sample liquid , whereinthe filler forms layers between the internal electrode and an opening formed in the housing for contacting the sample liquid and the filler, wherein the filler comprises:a first layer which includes a water soluble electrolytic solution formed to be in contact with the internal electrode;a second layer which includes a hydrophobic ionic liquid formed to be in contact with the first layer; anda third layer which includes a gelled hydrophobic ionic liquid formed in the opening so as to be in contact with the second layer.2. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the water soluble electrolytic solution of the first layer is a gelled solution.3. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic ionic liquid of the second layer is a non-gelled liquid.4. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein a specific gravity of the water soluble electrolytic ...

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Номер записи: 21
27-06-2013 дата публикации

REFERENCE HALF-CELL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR WITH THE REFERENCE HALF-CELL

Номер: US20130161191A1
Автор: Hanko Michael, Nowak Wolfram, Schröter Thomas, Trapp Thilo, Wilhelm Thomas
Принадлежит: Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG

A reference half-cell for application in an electrochemical sensor, comprising a housing, in which a chamber containing a reference electrolyte is formed, wherein the reference electrolyte () is in contact with a medium surrounding the housing via a liquid junction arranged in a wall of the housing, wherein the liquid junction comprises a porous diaphragm, especially a porous ceramic diaphragm, and wherein the diaphragm has, at least partially, a coating, which comprises at least one metal. 115-. (canceled)16. A reference half-cell for application in an electrochemical sensor , comprising:a housing, in which a chamber containing a reference electrolyte is formed, wherein the reference electrolyte is in contact with a medium surrounding said housing via a liquid junction arranged in a wall of said housing; anda porous diaphragm comprising the liquid junction, especially a porous ceramic diaphragm, wherein:said diaphragm has, at least partially, a coating, which comprises at least one metal.17. The reference half-cell as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising:an electrode of a second type contained in said chamber and acting as a potential forming system, especially a silver/silver halide electrode.18. The reference half-cell as claimed in claim 16 , wherein:said at least one metal is selected from the group consisting of: copper, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold.19. The reference half-cell as claimed in claim 16 , wherein:said coating has a biocidal effect.20. The reference half-cell as claimed in claim 16 , wherein:said coating has a first layer formed of at least a first metal and at least one other, second layer lying over said first layer, especially applied directly on said first layer, and composed of said first metal and/or a second metal different from said first metal.21. An electrochemical sensor for measuring at least one measured variable of a measured medium claim 16 , comprising at least one reference half-cell ...

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Номер записи: 22
04-07-2013 дата публикации

Analyte sensor

Номер: US20130168609A1
Автор: Eric Lee, Mark Micklatcher
Принадлежит: SENOVA SYSTEMS Inc

Matrix materials, such as sol-gels and polymers derivatives to contain a redox active material can be used to form electrodes and probes suitable for use in pH meters and other analyte sensing devices.

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Номер записи: 23
01-08-2013 дата публикации

SENSOR INTERROGATION

Номер: US20130193004A1
Автор: Brown Michael A., Scheffler Towner B.
Принадлежит:

A method of testing a system having at least one electrochemical sensor for detecting an analyte gas within a housing of the system, the housing having an inlet, the at least one electrochemical sensor including an electrically active working electrode in fluid connection with the inlet of the system, the method including biasing the electrically active working electrode at a first potential, to detect the analyte gas and biasing the electrically active working electrode at a second potential, different from the first potential, such that the at least one electrochemical sensor is sensitive to a driving force created in the vicinity of the inlet to test at least one transport path of the system. The method may further include creating the driving force in the vicinity of the inlet of the housing of the system and measuring a response of the electrically active working electrode to the driving force. 1. A method of testing a system having at least one electrochemical sensor for detecting an analyte gas within a housing of the system , the housing of the system having an inlet , the at least one electrochemical sensor comprising an electrically active working electrode in fluid connection with the inlet of the system , comprising:biasing the electrically active working electrode at a first potential, to detect the analyte gas;biasing the electrically active working electrode at a second potential, different from the first potential, such that the at least one electrochemical sensor is sensitive to a driving force created in the vicinity of the inlet to test at least one transport path of the system;creating the driving force in the vicinity of the inlet of the housing of the system; andmeasuring a response of the electrically active working electrode to the driving force.2. The method of wherein the driving force comprises (a) application of exhaled breath or (b) restricting entry of molecules into the inlet.3. The method of further comprising returning the ...

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Номер записи: 24
08-08-2013 дата публикации

Method for detection of cyanide in water

Номер: US20130203178A1
Автор: Mohammed Ashraf Gondal, Qasem Ahmed Qasem Drmosh, Tawfik Abdo SALEH, Z.H. Yamani
Принадлежит: KING FAHD UNIVERSITY OF PETROLEUM AND MINERALS

The method for detection of cyanide in water is a method for the detection of a highly toxic pollutant, cyanide, in water using ZnO 2 nanoparticles synthesized locally by an elegant Pulsed Laser Ablation technique. ZnO 2 nanoparticles having a median size of 4 nm are synthesized from pure zinc metal target under UV laser irradiation in a 1-10% H 2 O 2 environment in deionized water. The synthesized ZnO 2 nanoparticles are suspended in dimethyl formamide in the presence of Nafion, and then ultrasonicated to create a homogenous suspension, which is used to prepare a thin film of ZnO 2 nanoparticles on a metal electrode. The electrode is used for cyanide detection.

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Номер записи: 25
22-08-2013 дата публикации

HIGH PRESSURE REFERENCE ELECTRODE AND A METHOD TO ELIMINATE THE FORMATION OF GAS BUBBLES IN VERTICAL OR SLOPED LIQUID-FILLED TUBES

Номер: US20130213808A1
Автор: Yang Lietai, Yang Xiaodong Sun
Принадлежит:

A method for preventing the formation of gas bubbles inside a high pressure reference electrode in the electrolyte-filled section, and thus eliminating the gas bobble effect on the electrical continuity, was disclosed. One or more thin solid rods or tubes are inserted into the internal electrolyte-housing tube and the thin rods or tubes alter the surface tension of the gas bubbles so that the bubbles are unstable in the middle of the liquid electrolyte. Compared with the fibre wicks or porous powder used by previous researchers to ensure the electrical continuity, the thin tubes or rods are easy to handle and easy to clean. This method may also be used in other systems that contain a liquid-filled vertical or sloped tube (e.g., a pH electrode) to prevent the formation of gas bubbles in the liquid-filled section of the tube. 2. The high pressure electrode of claim 1 , wherein the thin and long solid objects are made of tubing.3. The high pressure electrode of claim 2 , wherein the long tubing is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.4. The high pressure electrode of claim 1 , wherein the thin and long solid objects are made of thin rod.5. The high pressure electrode of claim 4 , wherein the thin rod is made of ceramic material.6. A method to avoid the formation of gas bubbles in a vertical or sloped tube containing a liquid and a gas in the liquid-filled section by inserting one or more thin solid objects with a length that covers the depth of the desired bubble-free section into the tube claim 4 , wherein the thin and long solid objects are positioned in the liquid-filled section and prevent the formation of gas bubbles in the liquid section.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the said tube is for housing the internal reference electrolyte of a pH electrode.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solid objects are made of thin tubing.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the thin tubing is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the thin tubing is ...

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Номер записи: 26
05-09-2013 дата публикации

Method for determining the concentration of an analyte in a liquid sample using small volume samples and fast test times

Номер: US20130228473A1
Автор: Christopher D. Wilsey
Принадлежит: Roche Diagnostics Operations Inc

Analytes in a liquid sample are determined by methods utilizing sample volumes of up to 1.0 μl and test times from about 4 to about 9 seconds after detection of the sample. The methods are preferably performed using small test strips including a sample receiving chamber filled with the sample by capillary action.

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Номер записи: 27
26-09-2013 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS

Номер: US20130248364A1
Автор: Kahn Carolyn R., Mansour Dean, Norviel Vern, Sidhu Robbie Singh, Wilkins James A., Wong Elicia
Принадлежит:

Systems and methods are provided for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample. A solid state electrochemical sensor can include a redox active moiety having an oxidation and/or reduction potential that is sensitive to the presence of an analyte immobilized over a surface of a working electrode. A redox active moiety having an oxidation and/or reduction potential that is insensitive to the presence of the analyte can be used for reference. Voltammetric measurements made using such systems can accurately determine the presence and/or concentration of the analyte in the sample. The solid state electrochemical sensor can be robust and not require calibration or re-calibration. 1. A sensor for detecting the presence or absence of an analyte , comprising:an electrode having a surface having immobilized thereon a redox-active moiety, wherein the redox-active moiety exhibits an oxidation potential and/or a reduction potential that is sensitive or insensitive to the presence of the analyte; anda light-emitting device adjacent to said electrode, said light-emitting device configured to generate light.2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the light-emitting device is configured to generate light that is i) incident on said surface claim 1 , ii) incident on another surface of said electrode claim 1 , said another surface opposite from said surface claim 1 , and/or iii) directed through said electrode.3. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is formed of a semiconductor material.4. The sensor of claim 3 , wherein the semiconductor material includes silicon.5. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the electrode is formed of a non-semiconductor material.6. The sensor of claim 5 , wherein the non-semiconductor material includes carbon.7. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the light-emitting device is a light-emitting diode having an active region configured to generate light upon the recombination of electrons and holes.8. The sensor of claim 7 , wherein the light-emitting ...

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Номер записи: 28
26-09-2013 дата публикации

ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT, ELECTROLYSIS CELL FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT, ANALYZER FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT, AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING SAME

Номер: US20130248378A1
Автор: Akahoshi Haruo, IMAI Kenta, KANEMOTO Hiroshi, OGUCHI So, Sakazume Taku, YOSHIDA Hiroshi
Принадлежит:

Provided are an electrode, an electrolysis cell, and an electrochemical analyzer that improve the long-term stability of analysis data. A working electrode, a counter electrode, and reference electrode are disposed in an electrolysis cell. The working electrode is obtained by forming a lead wire in a composite material having platinum or a platinum alloy as a base material, in which a metal oxide is dispersed, or in a laminated material obtained by laminating a valve metal and platinum such that the cross sectional crystal texture in the thickness direction of the platinum is formed in layers and the thickness of each layer of the platinum is 5 micrometers or less. The metal oxide is selected from among zirconium oxide, tantalum oxide, and niobium oxide, and the metal oxide content of the platinum or the platinum alloy is 0.005 to 1 wt % in terms of the zirconium, tantalum, or niobium metal. 135-. (canceled)36. An electrode for electrochemical measurement to be used in an electrochemical analysis apparatus which measures electrochemical response of a chemical component contained in a liquid sample , the electrode made by connecting a lead wire to a composite material having a base material and an oxide of a metal , the oxide of a metal selected from a group consisting of zirconium , tantalum , and niobium , and is dispersed in the base material , the base material being made of platinum or a platinum alloy.37. The electrode for electrochemical measurement according to claim 36 , wherein a content ratio of the oxide of a metal is 0.005 to 1 weight percent (wt %).38. The electrode for electrochemical measurement according to claim 37 , wherein an orientation ratio of one of a plurality of crystal directions obtained is 80% or greater when letting the orientation ratio (%) of a crystal direction obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement of a surface of the electrode be I(hkl)/ΣI(hkl)×100 (where I(hkl) is a diffraction intensity integration value of each plane claim 37 ...

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Номер записи: 29
26-09-2013 дата публикации

MEASURING ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR REGISTERING AN ANALYTE CONCENTRATION IN A MEASURED MEDIUM

Номер: US20130248381A1
Автор: Hanko Michael, Wilhelm Thomas
Принадлежит: Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft für Mess- und Regeltechnik mbH + Co. KG

A measuring arrangement for registering a measured variable representing concentration of an analyte in a measured medium, includes: a first electrode modified with a redoxly active substance, a second electrode, and a measuring circuit, which comprises a voltage source for applying at least one predetermined voltage between the first electrode and a reference, and an apparatus for registering electrical current flowing, in such case, between the first electrode and the second electrode or for registering a variable correlated with the electrical current flowing between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the second electrode is modified with the same redoxly active substance as the first electrode. 118-. (canceled)19. A measuring arrangement for registering a measured variable representing concentration of an analyte in a measured medium , comprising:a first electrode modified with a redoxly active substance;a second electrode; anda measuring circuit, which comprises a voltage source for applying at least one predetermined voltage between said first electrode and a reference electrode, as well as an apparatus for registering electrical current flowing, in such case, between said first electrode and said second electrode or for registering a variable correlated with the electrical current flowing between said first electrode and said second electrode, wherein:said second electrode is modified with the same redoxly active substance as said first electrode.20. The measuring arrangement as claimed in claim 19 , wherein:said first electrode and said second electrode have same area and/or same geometric shape.21. The measuring arrangement as claimed in claim 19 , wherein:said reference electrode is embodied, especially in a state in which no electrical current is flowing through it, to output a potential; which is independent of the concentration of the analyte in the measured medium; andan oxidation- and/or reduction potential of the redoxly active ...

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Номер записи: 30
03-10-2013 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR

Номер: US20130256133A1
Автор: Lawrence Nathan, MEREDITH ANDREW
Принадлежит: SCHLUMBERGER TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION

A voltammetric pH sensor, especially for characterising wellbore fluids, comprises a plurality of electrodes with a redox active organic compound attached to an electrode and having at least one functional group convertible electrochemically between reduced and oxidized forms with transfer of at least one proton between the compound and surrounding aqueous phase, wherein the compound has at least one substituent group which promotes hydrogen bonding at a said functional group and thereby increases the reaction rate of proton transfer. The substituent group may form an internal hydrogen bond with a redox-convertible group or may enhance polarity to promote electrostatic interaction with water molecules and reduce activation energy. Typical examples include alizarin or 1,2-dihydroxy-anthraquinone (RH=72-48-0), quinizarin or 1,4-dihydroxy-anthraquinone (RN=81-64-1), 2-acetoxy-benzoquinone (RN=1125-55-9), chloranil or 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-benzoquinone (RN=118-75-2) and 1,4-diamino-2,3-dichloro-anthraquinone (RN=81-42-5) deposited on a glassy carbon electrode. In this way, anomalous measurements at low ionic strength and low concentrations of pH buffering species can be overcome. 118-. (canceled)19. An electrochemical sensor comprising a redox active organic compound immobilized to an electrode and having a functional group convertible electrochemically between reduced and oxidized forms with transfer of at least one proton between the compound and surrounding aqueous phase ,wherein the compound has at least one substituent group containing oxygen or nitrogen and positioned to participate in internal hydrogen bonding at the functional group.21. A sensor according to claim 19 , wherein the redox active organic compound comprises at least two fused aromatic rings with oxygen or nitrogen-containing substituents claim 19 , convertible between reduced and oxidized forms claim 19 , on adjacent fused aromatic rings in positions allowing formation of an internal hydrogen bond ...

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Номер записи: 31
10-10-2013 дата публикации

Solid Working Electrode With Replaceable Tip

Номер: US20130264202A1
Автор: Gunasekaran Sundaram, Yang Jiang
Принадлежит: WISCONSIN ALUMNI RESEARCH FOUNDATION

A working electrode for cyclic voltammetry experiments and the like provides an electrode carrier releasably attaching to replaceable tips each holding a solid working electrode material that may be polished for receipt of a reactant material and which electrically connects to an electrode in the electrode carrier when the tip and carrier are connected. 1. A solid , working electrode for electrochemistry tests comprising: (a) an elongate insulating shaft having opposed first and second ends separated along a shaft axis;', '(b) a carrier conductor passing between the first and second ends along the shaft axis through the insulating shaft to be surrounded in a direction radial to the axis by the insulating shaft, the electrode conductor exposed at the first and second ends for electrical connection thereto; and, 'an electrode carrier having (a) a solid surface working electrode conductor electrically connecting to the carrier conductor at the second end of the insulating shaft when the electrode tip is attached to the electrode carrier;', '(b) an insulating material attached around at least a portion of the working electrode conductor to seal a connection between the working electrode conductor and the carrier conductor against liquid infusion when the electrode tip is attached to the electrode carrier; and', '(c) attachment elements on the electrode tip and electrode carrier releasably retaining the electrode carrier and electrode tip in attachment., 'an electrode tip releasably attachable to the electrode carrier, the electrode tip having2. The solid claim 1 , working electrode of wherein the working electrode conductor is selected from the group consisting of: gold claim 1 , silver claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , and carbon.3. The solid claim 2 , working electrode of wherein the carbon is selected from the group consisting of glassy carbon and pyrolytic carbon.4. The solid claim 1 , working electrode of wherein the working electrode conductor has an axial thickness ...

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Номер записи: 32
24-10-2013 дата публикации

MULTIPLE LAYER GEL

Номер: US20130277232A1
Автор: Bar-Or David, Bar-Or Raphael, Rael Leonard T.
Принадлежит: Luoxis Diagnostics, Inc.

A multiple layer gel and method for forming a multiple layer gel are provided. The multiple layer gel includes an isolation layer and an electrolyte layer. The isolation layer provides a molecular weight screen, to prevent proteins or other molecules from contacting a reference cell covered by the isolation layer. The electrolyte layer covers the isolation layer, and provides a source of ions that place the reference cell in ionic and/or electrical contact with a fluid sample. The multiple layer gel can be used to maintain a reliable reference voltage from an associated reference cell while an electrical potential or other electrical characteristic of a sample fluid is being determined. 1. An oxidation-reduction potential test device , comprising:a substrate;a spacer layer interconnected to at least a portion of the substrate, wherein the spacer layer defines a sample chamber;a test strip overlay, wherein the test strip overlay is interconnected to at least a portion of the spacer layer; a first area extending into the sample chamber;', 'a second area extending from the sample chamber to a readout region;, 'a first test lead supported by the substrate, the first test lead including a first area extending into the sample chamber;', 'a second area extending from the sample chamber to a readout region;, 'a second test lead supported by the substrate, the second test lead includinga reference cell; a first area in electrical contact with the reference cell;', 'a second area extending from the reference cell to a readout region;, 'a reference lead, including;'}a filter, wherein at least a portion of the filter overlaps at least a portion of each of the first area of the first test lead, the first area of the second test lead, and the first area of the reference lead; anda gel volume, wherein the gel volume includes a first layer in contact with the reference cell and a second layer over the first layer, and wherein the first layer differs in composition from the second ...

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Номер записи: 33
31-10-2013 дата публикации

Test strips and preparation method thereof

Номер: US20130284595A1
Автор: Lin Tsu-Tai
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to test strips and preparation method thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a test strip comprising: (a) an insulating substrate; (b) an electrode system disposed on the insulating substrate; (c) an insulation layer disposed on the electrode system, in which an accommodation space is disposed at one side of the insulation layer for exposing a part of the electrode system to carry out an electrochemical reaction of an analyte; and (d) a gel, disposed in the accommodation space and formed by dissolving a reactive enzyme reacting with the analyte in a hydrogel and being cured. 1. A test strip comprising:(a) an insulating substrate;(b) an electrode system disposed on the insulating substrate;(c) an insulation layer disposed on the electrode system, in which an accommodation space is disposed at one side of the insulation layer for exposing a part of the electrode system to carry out an electrochemical reaction of an analyte; and(d) a gel, disposed in the accommodation space and formed by dissolving a reactive enzyme reacting with the analyte in a hydrogel and being cured.2. The test strip of claim 1 , wherein the test strip further comprises an upper cover disposed on the insulation layer.3. The test strip of claim 1 , wherein the reactive enzyme is a glucose oxidation enzyme.4. The test strip of claim 1 , wherein the analyte is a blood sugar.5. A method of preparing a test strip comprising the steps of:(a) providing an insulating substrate;(b) forming an electrode system on the insulating substrate;(c) forming an insulation layer on the electrode system, which has an accommodation space disposed at one side of the insulation layer; and(d) providing a gel, disposed in the accommodation space and being cured after dissolving in a reactive enzyme electrochemically reacting with an analyte in a hydrogel, comprising the steps of;(d1) providing a roller for rolling the gel;(d2) laminating the gel on a reaction specimen and ...

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Номер записи: 34
21-11-2013 дата публикации

Sensor Element And A Method For Detecting A Parameter Of A Gas Mixture In A Gas Chamber

Номер: US20130305812A1
Автор: Reitmeier Torsten, Wildgren Andreas
Принадлежит:

A sensor element for detecting a parameter of a gas mixture in a gas chamber, having a first electrode and a first diffusion barrier layer arranged to be coupled to said first electrode in a predetermined first region, and arranged such that the gas mixture of the gas chamber only impinges on the first electrode in the first region via the first diffusion barrier layer. In addition, the sensor element has a second electrode arranged such that the gas mixture of the gas chamber impinges on the second electrode in a further first region. The sensor element includes a solid electrolyte designed to be coupled to the first and the second electrodes. 113-. (canceled)14. A sensor element configured to detect a parameter of a gas mixture in a gas chamber , comprising:a first electrode;a first diffusion barrier layer disposed such that it is coupled to the first electrode in a specified first region, wherein the first electrode is acted upon by the gas mixture of the gas chamber via the first diffusion barrier layer only in the first region;a second electrode disposed such that it is acted upon by the gas mixture in another first region; anda solid state electrolyte coupled to the first and second electrodes,wherein the sensor element has a planar layered structure, the first electrode and the second electrode being spaced apart along a first axis at specified intervals and along a second axis that extends orthogonally to the respective layers and orthogonally to the first axis, and are vertically offset relative to each other and at least partly embedded in the solid state electrolyte, andwherein one surface of the second electrode and one surface of the first diffusion barrier layer form a plane, via which the second electrode is acted upon by the gas mixture of the gas chamber and via which the first electrode is indirectly acted upon by the gas mixture of the gas chamber via the first diffusion barrier layer.15. The sensor element as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 35
12-12-2013 дата публикации

DIAMOND BASED ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS

Номер: US20130327640A1
Автор: MacPherson Julie Victoria, Mollart Timothy Peter, Newton Mark Edward, Scarsbrook Geoffrey Alan, Unwin Patrick Robert
Принадлежит: ELEMENT SIX LIMITED

A diamond based electrochemical band sensor comprising: a diamond body; and a plurality of boron doped diamond band electrodes disposed within the diamond body, wherein at least a portion of each of the plurality of boron doped diamond band electrodes is doped with boron to a level suitable to achieve metallic conduction, the boron doped diamond electrodes being spaced apart by non-conductive intrinsic layers of diamond, wherein the diamond body comprises a front sensing surface with the plurality of boron doped diamond band electrodes being exposed at said sensing surface and extending in an elongate manner across said surface, and wherein each boron doped diamond electrode has a length/width ratio of at least 10 at the front sensing surface. 1. A diamond based electrochemical band sensor comprising:a diamond body; anda plurality of boron doped diamond band electrodes disposed within the diamond body,wherein at least a portion of each of the plurality of boron doped diamond band electrodes is doped with boron to a level suitable to achieve metallic conduction, the boron doped diamond electrodes being spaced apart by non-conductive intrinsic layers of diamond,wherein the diamond body comprises a front sensing surface with the plurality of boron doped diamond band electrodes being exposed at said sensing surface and extending in an elongate manner across said surface, andwherein each boron doped diamond electrode has a length/width ratio of at least 10 at the front sensing surface.229-. (canceled)30. A diamond based electrochemical band sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the diamond body has a thickness and a largest lateral dimension whereby a ratio thickness:largest lateral dimension is in a range 1:10 to 1.5:1; 1:5 to 1:1; or 1:3 to 1:2.31. A diamond based electrochemical band sensor according to claim 1 , wherein each boron doped diamond electrode has a length/width ratio of at least 20 claim 1 , 30 claim 1 , 40 claim 1 , 50 claim 1 , 100 claim 1 , 500 claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 36
26-12-2013 дата публикации

AMPEROMETRIC GAS SENSOR

Номер: US20130341206A1
Автор: Burke Peter A., Centanni Michael A., Schenk Elizabeth H.
Принадлежит: STERIS CORPORATION

The disclosed invention relates to an amperometric gas sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte, comprising: a solid support; and a working electrode in contact with the solid support; wherein the analyte comprises a dopant which when in contact with the solid support increases the electrical conductivity of the solid support. A sterilization process employing the amperometric gas sensor is disclosed. 1. An amperometric gas sensor for measuring a concentration of an analyte , comprising:a solid support; anda working electrode in contact with the solid support;wherein the analyte comprises a dopant which when in contact with the solid support increases the electrical conductivity of the solid support.2. The sensor of wherein the sensor further comprises a reference electrode in contact with the solid support.3. The sensor of wherein at least a portion of the solid support is amorphous.4. The sensor of wherein at least a portion of the solid support is crystalline.5. The sensor of wherein prior to being contacted by the analyte claim 1 , the solid support is characterized by the absence of a dopant.6. The sensor of wherein the solid support comprises a porous solid claim 1 , the volume of voids in the porous solid divided by the total volume of the porous solid being in the range up to about 0.7.7. The sensor of wherein prior to being contacted by the analyte claim 1 , the solid support comprises an insulator.8. The sensor of wherein prior to being contacted by the analyte claim 1 , the solid support comprises a non-conductive polymer.9. The sensor of wherein the solid support comprises an electrolyte.10. The sensor of wherein the solid support comprises poly (ethylene terephthalate) claim 1 , poly (ethylene oxide) claim 1 , polyvinylidenefluoride claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , polyethylene-napthlate claim 1 , polyphenylenesulfide claim 1 , polycarbonate claim 1 , polytetrafluoroethylene claim 1 , polypropylene oxide claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 37
02-01-2014 дата публикации

Electrochemical Assay Device and Related Methods

Номер: US20140001045A1
Автор: Harding Ian
Принадлежит: AGAMATRIX, INC.

An electrochemical test device is provided having a base layer with a first electrode thereon and a top layer with a second electrode thereon. The two electrodes are separated by a spacer layer having an opening therein, such that a sample-receiving space is defined with one electrode on the top surface, the other electrodes on the bottom surface and side walls formed from edges of the opening in the spacer. Reagents for performing the electrochemical reaction are deposited on one of the electrodes and on the side walls of the sample-receiving space. 125-. (canceled)26. An electrochemical test device comprisinga first substrate having a first electrode disposed thereon, a second substrate having a second electrode disposed thereon, and a spacer disposed between the first and second substrates and having an opening therein, whereby a sample-receiving space is defined that has a first surface having the first electrode disposed thereon, a second surface, opposite the first surface, having the second electrode disposed thereon, and side walls formed from edges of the opening in the spacer; anda reagent comprising a redox active material which is oxidized at the first electrode and reduced at the second electrode when the device is used;wherein in the test device prior to introduction of a liquid sample, the reagent is disposed in a dried layer, covering at least a portion of the first or second electrode and at least a portion of the side walls, said layer extending contiguously from the covered electrode and along the side walls.27. The device of claim 26 , wherein the reagent covers at least 25% of the height of the side walls.28. The device of claim 26 , wherein the reagent covers at least 50% of the height of the side walls.29. The device of claim 26 , wherein the reagent covers at least 75% of the height of the side walls.30. The device of claim 26 , wherein the reagent covers 100% of the height of the side walls.31. The device of claim 26 , wherein the redox ...

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Номер записи: 38
09-01-2014 дата публикации

Biosensor, biosensor chip and biosensor device

Номер: US20140008217A1
Автор: Hiroya Ueno, Junji Nakatsuka
Принадлежит: Panasonic Healthcare Co Ltd

A biosensor includes a working electrode 101 , a counter electrode 102 opposing the working electrode 101 , a working electrode terminal 103 and a working electrode reference terminal 10 connected to the working electrode 101 by wires, and a counter electrode terminal 104 connected to the counter electrode 102 by a wire. By employing a structure with at least three electrodes, it is possible to assay a target substance without being influenced by the line resistance on the working electrode side.

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Номер записи: 39
09-01-2014 дата публикации

BIOSENSOR, BIOSENSOR CHIP AND BIOSENSOR DEVICE

Номер: US20140008218A1
Автор: Nakatsuka Junji, Ueno Hiroya
Принадлежит:

A biosensor includes a working electrode a counter electrode opposing the working electrode a working electrode terminal and a working electrode reference terminal connected to the working electrode by wires, and a counter electrode terminal connected to the counter electrode by a wire. By employing a structure with at least three electrodes, it is possible to assay a target substance without being influenced by the line resistance on the working electrode side. 148-. (canceled)49. A biosensor device , comprising: a working electrode;', 'a counter electrode;', 'a working electrode terminal;', 'a counter electrode terminal;', 'a reference terminal;', 'a first line connecting the working electrode to the working electrode terminal;', 'a second line connecting the working electrode to the reference terminal; and', 'a third line connecting the counter electrode to the counter electrode terminal; and, 'a biosensor, comprisinga measurement circuit connected to the biosensor for performing an assay of a fluid to determine the concentration of a substance in the fluid,wherein at least one of the first line, the second line, and the third line is made of gold, and substantially no current flows through the second line during the assay.50. The biosensor device of claim 49 , wherein a biological substance or a microorganism that changes a state of a substance contained in a fluid to be assayed is placed on at least one of the working electrode and the counter electrode.51. The biosensor device of claim 49 , wherein the biosensor is formed with at least two layers and the working electrode terminal and the counter electrode terminal are located on different layers.52. The biosensor device of claim 49 , wherein the counter electrode is generally U shaped with a base and two fingers extending from the base claim 49 , and the working electrode is located between the two fingers.53. The biosensor device of claim 49 , wherein the working electrode has a generally-circular shape ...

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Номер записи: 40
09-01-2014 дата публикации

DETERMINATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE IN A SMALL VOLUME AND IN A SHORT TEST TIME USING A CHEMICAL COATING INLUDING BINDERS AND VERY SHORT READ POTENTIALS

Номер: US20140008245A1
Автор: Wilsey Christopher D.
Принадлежит:

Analytes in a liquid sample are determined by methods utilizing sample volumes of less than about 1.0 μl and test times within about eight seconds. The methods are preferably performed using small test strips including a sample receiving chamber filled with the sample by capillary action. 1providing a disposable biosensor test strip including a capillary chamber having a depth suitable for capillary flow of blood, and holding a volume of from 0.25 μl to less than 1 μl of the blood sample, the capillary chamber including a working electrode, a counter or reference electrode, and a chemical coating, the chemical coating being proximal to at least the working electrode, the chemical coating including a chemical reagent proximal to or in contact with at least the working electrode and including an enzyme and a mediator, the chemical coating further including one or more binders;applying a blood sample containing glucose into the capillary chamber, the capillary chamber directing capillary flow of the blood sample into contact with the chemical reagent to cause the blood sample to at least partially solubilize or hydrate the chemical reagent, the glucose reacting with the chemical reagent to produce an electroactive reaction product;detecting the blood sample in the capillary chamber;following said detecting, providing a delay period prior to the application of an electrooxidation assay potential of about 100 mV to about 500 mV across the working and counter or reference electrode;following said delay period, applying an electrooxidation assay potential of about 100 mV to about 500 mV across the working and counter or reference electrodes for a period of about 1.5 seconds to about 6 seconds;electrooxidizing the electroactive reaction product at the working electrode, said electrooxidizing producing an assay current;measuring the assay current at one or more times during application of the assay potential;correlating the one or more assay current measurements to the ...

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Номер записи: 41
16-01-2014 дата публикации

ANALYTE TRANSPORT

Номер: US20140014506A1
Автор: DIMITROV Krassen
Принадлежит: The University of Queensland

Apparatus for sensing an analyte, the analyte being bound to at least one magnetic particle to form a labelled analyte, and wherein the apparatus includes a cavity having a sensor therein, wherein in use the cavity contains a fluid and at least one labelled analyte and a magnet system for generating a magnetic field having a field direction substantially orthogonal to at least part of the cavity to orientate the at least one labelled analyte in the cavity and a field gradient along at least part of the cavity to thereby urge the at least one labelled analyte along the cavity towards the sensor. 1. An apparatus for sensing an analyte , the analyte being bound to at least one magnetic particle to form a labelled analyte , and wherein the apparatus includes:a cavity having a sensor therein, wherein in use the cavity contains a fluid and at least one labelled analyte; and,a magnet system for generating a magnetic field having a field direction substantially orthogonal to at least part of the cavity to orientate the at least one labelled analyte in the cavity and a field gradient along at least part of the cavity to thereby urge the at least one labelled analyte along the cavity towards the sensor.2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor is provided on a wall of the cavity claim 1 , and wherein the field gradient extends in a field gradient direction claim 1 , the field gradient direction being at an angle relative to the cavity at least near the sensor to thereby urge the at least one labelled analyte towards the sensor.3. (canceled)4. An apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the field gradient includes a component along the cavity and a component orthogonal to the cavity to thereby urge the labelled analyte along the cavity and towards the sensor.5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the magnet system includes:a first magnet positioned adjacent at least part of the cavity for generating a magnetic field having a field direction ...

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Номер записи: 42
16-01-2014 дата публикации

Amperometric sensors and devices for measuring concentration of s-nitrosothiols based on photo-induced decomposition of s-nitrosothiols

Номер: US20140014512A1
Автор: Da Yeon Sung, Geun Sig Cha, Hakhyun Nam, Jae Ho Shin, Jea Hun Song, Jun Hee Han, Sung A Hong
Принадлежит: I Sens Inc

Provided are an amperometric sensor and device for electrochemically quantifying nitrosothiol (RSNO), which is associated with storage and delivery of nitric oxide (NO) in the human body. The amperometric sensor for measuring a concentration of RSNO includes an electrode configured to measure an electric current generated by an oxidation reaction of NO, and a means configured to start and stop photo-induced decomposition of RSNO. Here, the electric current is measured by the oxidation reaction of NO before and after the photo-induced decomposition of RSNO. The amperometric sensor may measure separate signals of RSNO and NO, which are present in the sample at the same time, using one electrode, thereby preventing an inhibition action caused by NO during the measurement of RSNO. Also, the amperometric sensor is simple in structure and easy to manufacture and may be applied to manufacture of a small electrode, and thus may be developed as a sensor for in vivo measurements.

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Номер записи: 43
23-01-2014 дата публикации

LOW CONCENTRATION AMMONIA NANOSENSOR

Номер: US20140021067A1
Автор: Samuilov Vladimir
Принадлежит: The Research Foundation for The State University of New York

An electrochemical sensor for sensing a gaseous analyte includes a substrate having at least two electrodes disposed thereon, and a carbon nanotube-polyaniline (CNT/PANI) film disposed on the substrate and in contact with at least two electrodes. The CNT/PANI film includes carbon nanotubes coated with a thin layer of polyaniline. The thickness of the polyaniline coating is such that electron transport can occur along and/or between the carbon nanotubes. 1. An electrochemical sensor for sensing a gaseous analyte , said sensor comprising:a substrate having at least two electrodes disposed thereon; anda carbon nanotube-polyaniline (CNT/PANI) film disposed on the substrate and in contact with at least two electrodes,said CNT/PANI film comprising carbon nanotubes coated with a layer of polyaniline of thickness such that electron transport can occur along and/or between the carbon nanotubes.2. An electrochemical sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are platinum electrodes.3. An electrochemical sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the CNT/PANI film has an average thickness of 50-100 nm.4. An electrochemical sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the layer of polyaniline is transparent to electron tunneling.5. An electrochemical sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the average thickness of the polyaniline coating on the surface of the CNTs is less than the average diameter of the carbon nanotubes.6. An electrochemical sensor according to claim 5 , wherein the polyaniline coating has an average thickness of less than 10 nm.7. An electrochemical sensor according to claim 5 , wherein the average diameter of the polyaniline-coated carbon nanotubes is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than 50 nm.8. An electrochemical sensor according to claim 7 , wherein the average diameter of the polyaniline-coated carbon nanotubes is greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than 30 nm.9. The electrochemical sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous analyte is ...

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Номер записи: 44
30-01-2014 дата публикации

SENSOR ARRAY MOUNTED ON FLEXIBLE CARRIER

Номер: US20140027311A1
Автор: Say James L.
Принадлежит: PEPEX BIOMEDICAL ,INC.

A sensor apparatus is disclosed herein. The sensor apparatus includes a flexible carrier that is elongated along a length of the carrier. The sensor apparatus also includes a plurality of analysis zones carried by the carrier. The analysis zones are spaced-apart from one another along the length of the carrier. The sensor apparatus further includes first and second spaced-apart electrodes carried by the flexible carrier. The first and second electrodes have lengths that extend along the length of the carrier. At least one of the first and second electrodes includes analyte sensing chemistry. The first and second electrodes extending across and contact the plurality of analysis zones. 1. A sensor apparatus comprising:a flexible carrier that is elongated along a length of the carrier;a plurality of analysis zones carried by the carrier, the analysis zones being spaced-apart from one another along the length of the carrier; andfirst and second spaced-apart electrodes carried by the flexible carrier, the first and second electrodes having lengths that extend along the length of the carrier, at least one of the first and second electrodes including analyte sensing chemistry, the first and second electrodes extending across and contacting the plurality of analysis zones.2. The sensor apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of analysis zones are formed by recesses in the flexible carrier claim 1 , the recesses being positioned below the first and second electrodes.3. The sensor apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the recesses extend across a width of the carrier.4. The sensor apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of analysis zones include capillary flow enhancing structures positioned within the recesses for encouraging capillary flow across the width of the carrier.5. The sensor apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising punch holes defined through the carrier at a location between the analysis zones claim 4 , wherein the electrodes extend across the punch holes.6. ...

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Номер записи: 45
06-02-2014 дата публикации

REFERENCE ELECTRODE

Номер: US20140034515A1
Автор: Thrier Rolf
Принадлежит: METTLER-TOLEDO AG

A reference electrode with an in-situ modified porous diaphragm has at least one housing (), a first conductor element (), a modifying electrolyte which is capable of free-flow movement and is contained in the housing (), and a porous diaphragm () which establishes a liquid connection between the modifying electrolyte and a measurement medium (). The modifying electrolyte seeps out through the porous diaphragm during operation. The modifying electrolyte has a first component and a surface-modifying component which modifies the surface of the porous diaphragm () in situ during the passage of the modifying electrolyte. A method for modifying the porous diaphragm in situ is presented. 1. A reference electrode for contact with a measurement medium , comprising:at least one housing;a first conductor element;a modifying electrolyte, comprising a first component and a surface-modifying component, the modifying electrolyte being a free-flowing liquid that is arranged in one of the at least one housings; anda porous diaphragm which establishes a liquid connection between the housing containing the modifying electrolyte and the measurement medium and through which the modifying electrolyte seeps out during operation, wherein the surface-modifying component modifies the surface of the porous diaphragm in situ during the passage of the modifying electrolyte.2. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein:the surface of the porous diaphragm is modified continuously.3. The reference electrode according to claim 2 , wherein:the reference electrode is pressurized so that, during operation, the modifying electrolyte continuously seeps out through the porous diaphragm.4. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein:the modifying electrolyte is a reference electrolyte in which the first conductor element is immersed.5. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein:the modifying electrolyte is a bridge electrolyte; andthe reference electrode further ...

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Номер записи: 46
06-02-2014 дата публикации

IONIC PROBE

Номер: US20140034516A1
Автор: Livrozet Pierre Antoine Robert, Schvan Jean-Francois Maurice Rene, West Kevin James, Woodward John Robert, Young Russell Martin
Принадлежит: Hach Company

An ionic probe is provided according to the invention. The ionic probe includes an active electrode configured to generate a measurement signal for an external test fluid, a first reference electrode configured to generate a first reference signal, and an at least second reference electrode configured to generate at least a second reference signal. The measurement signal is compared to the first reference signal and the at least second reference signal in order to determine an ionic measurement of the external test fluid. 1. A self-correction method for an ionic meter , comprising:generating a measurement signal using an active electrode disposed in an inner shell of the ionic meter;generating a first reference signal using a first reference electrode disposed in a first reference chamber formed by an inner divider in the inner shell;generating at least a second reference signal using a second reference electrode disposed in a second reference chamber formed by the inner shell and a middle shell of the ionic meter;wherein the inner shell is disposed within the middle shell and the middle shell is disposed within an outer shell; andcomparing the measurement signal to the first reference signal and the at least second reference signal in order to determine an ionic measurement of an external test fluid.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comparing the first reference signal to the at least second reference signal in order to determine a correction value to be applied to the ionic measurement.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comparing the first reference signal to the at least second reference signal in order to detect a single reference drift in one of the first reference signal or the at least second reference signal.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising comparing the first reference signal and the at least second reference signal to a predetermined reference voltage in order to detect a dual reference drift in both the first reference ...

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Номер записи: 47
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Electrochemical sensors

Номер: US20140042026A1
Автор: Carolyn R. Kahn, Ellcia Wong, James A. Wilkins, Vern Norviel
Принадлежит: Sensor Innovations Inc

Systems and methods are provided for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample. A solid state electrochemical sensor can include a redox active moiety having an oxidation and/or reduction potential that is sensitive to the presence of an analyte immobilized over a surface of a working electrode. A redox active moiety having an oxidation and/or reduction potential that is insensitive to the presence of the analyte can be used for reference. Voltammetric measurements made using such systems can accurately determine the presence and/or concentration of the analyte in the sample. The solid state electrochemical sensor can be robust and not require calibration or re-calibration.

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Номер записи: 48
13-02-2014 дата публикации

SENSING METHOD OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR

Номер: US20140042036A1
Автор: Wang Shih-Han, WU Jau-Yann
Принадлежит: I-SHOU UNIVERSITY

A sensing method of an electrochemical sensor including the following steps is provided. First, a fluorescent material is immobilized on a surface of an electrode so as to form a sensing electrode. The sensing electrode is then used to execute an electrochemical test of a target in a light-shielding environment. 1. A sensing method of an electrochemical sensor , the sensing method comprising:immobilizing a fluorescent material on a surface of an electrode to form a sensing electrode;in a light-shielding environment, using the sensing electrode to perform an electrochemical test on a target.2. The sensing method of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent material comprises quinine hemisulfate.3. The sensing method of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent material comprises an oligochitosan fluorescent derivative.4. The sensing method of claim 1 , wherein the fluorescent material comprises a polyethylene imine (PEI) fluorescent derivative.5. The sensing method of claim 1 , wherein the target includes an electroactive substance.6. The sensing method of claim 5 , wherein the electroactive substance includes metal ions or quinone.7. The sensing method of claim 5 , wherein the electroactive substance includes reduced β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or hydrogen peroxide (HO).8. The sensing method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical test includes a voltammetric sensing mode.9. The sensing method of claim 1 , wherein the technique for immobilizing the fluorescent material on the surface of the electrode includes covalent bond formation dependent or non-covalent bond formation dependent. This application claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application serial no. 101129049, filed on Aug. 10, 2012. The entirety of the above-mentioned patent application is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.The disclosure relates to a sensing method of an electrochemical sensor, and also relates to a sensing method of an electrochemical sensor ...

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Номер записи: 49
20-02-2014 дата публикации

LIQUID ANALYZER

Номер: US20140048426A1
Автор: ISHII Akio, KOBAYASHI Issei
Принадлежит: HORIBA, LTD.

The present invention relates to a liquid analyzer provided with: a reference electrode S that is provided with internal liquid S containing a halide ion; and an ion electrode S of which a measurable concentration range for a measuring target ion is lower than the concentration of the halide ion in the internal liquid of the reference electrode S wherein: the internal liquid S of the ion electrode S contains the measuring target ion and a halide ion; and the internal liquid S of the ion electrode S is liquid in which the concentration of the measuring target ion and the concentration of the halide ion in the internal liquid S of the ion electrode S are regulated such that an osmotic pressure and an isothermal point of the internal liquid S of the ion electrode S respectively have desired values, and the isothermal point is included in the measurable concentration range, and the concentration of the halide ion is different from the concentration of the halide ion in the internal liquid S of the reference electrode S 1. A liquid analyzer comprising:a reference electrode that is provided with internal liquid containing a halide ion and an internal electrode in contact with the internal liquid in a space communicatively connected outside through a liquid junction part; andan ion electrode that is provided with internal liquid and an internal electrode in contact with the internal liquid in a space separated from outside by a responsive membrane, and has a measurable concentration range for a measuring target ion, the measurable concentration range being lower than concentration of the halide ion in the internal liquid of the reference electrode, wherein:the internal liquid of the ion electrode contains the measuring target ion and a halide ion; andthe internal liquid of the ion electrode is liquid in which concentration of the measuring target ion and concentration of the halide ion in the internal liquid of the ion electrode are regulated such that an osmotic pressure ...

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Номер записи: 50
13-03-2014 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSOR WITH DIAMOND ELECTRODES

Номер: US20140069811A1
Автор: Hutton Laura Anne, MacPherson Julie Victoria, Mollart Timothy Peter, Newton Mark Edward, Scarsbrook Geoffrey Alan
Принадлежит:

An electrochemical sensor comprising: a reference electrode () formed of an electrically conductive synthetic doped diamond material and configured to be located in electrical contact with a solution () to be analysed; a sensing electrode () formed of an electrically conductive synthetic doped diamond material and configured to be located in contact with the solution () to be analysed; an electrical controller () configured to conduct stripping voltammetric measurements by applying a voltage to the sensing electrode (), to change the applied voltage relative to the reference electrode (), and to measure an electric current flowing through the sensing electrode () thereby generating voltammetry data; and a calibration system configured to provide an in-situ calibration for providing a reference point in the voltammetric data since the potential of the diamond reference electrode is non fixed and floating. Consequently, assigning of peaks (M, M, M) in the voltammetry data to chemical species (M, M, M) is possible, thereby allowing the type and concentration of chemical species in the solution () to be determined. The in-situ calibration consists of: 1—using a spectrometer for X-rays, Gamma rays or fluorescence measurements integrated in the sensor, 2—using a known redox couple added to the solution that will provide a reference peak in the voltammetric data, or 3—producing in-situ ionic species at the vicinity of the reference electrode. 1. An electrochemical sensor comprising:a reference electrode formed of an electrically conductive synthetic doped diamond material and configured to be located in electrical contact with a solution to be analysed;a sensing electrode formed of an electrically conductive synthetic doped diamond material and configured to be located in contact with the solution to be analysed;an electrical controller configured to apply a voltage to the sensing electrode, to change the applied voltage relative to the reference electrode, and to measure ...

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Номер записи: 51
13-03-2014 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION AND SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS METHODS AND APPARATUS USING DIAMOND ELECTRODES

Номер: US20140069815A1
Автор: MacPherson Julie Victoria, Mollart Timothy Peter, Newton Mark Edward, Unwin Patrick Robert
Принадлежит: ELEMENT SIX LIMITED

A method of analysing chemical species in a solution, the method comprising: providing an electrochemical deposition apparatus comprising a first electrode () formed of an electrically conductive diamond material and a second electrode (); locating the first electrode in contact with a solution () to be analysed and the second electrode in electrical contact with the solution to be analysed; applying a potential difference between the first and second electrodes () such that current flows between the first and second electrodes through the solution to be analysed and chemical species are electro-deposited from the solution onto the first electrode; applying a spectroscopic analysis technique to the electro-deposited chemical species (M, M, M) on the first electrode to generate spectroscopic data about the electro-deposited chemical species on the first electrode; and using the spectroscopic data to determine the type of chemical species electro-deposited on the first electrode. The spectroscopic analysis technique, which can be based on X-rays, fluorescent X-rays or gamma rays, is used in combination with stripping voltammetric measurement performed on the first electrode. The spectroscopic data can also be used in-situ calibration data for calibrating the reference potential used voltammetric measurements. 120-. (canceled)20. A sensor comprising:a first electrode formed of an electrically conductive diamond material and configured to be located in contact with a solution to be analysed;a second electrode configured to be in electrical contact with the solution to be analysed;an electrical controller configured to apply a potential difference between the first and second electrodes to electro-deposit chemical species from the solution onto the first electrode,a spectrometer configured to apply a spectroscopic analysis technique to the electro-deposited chemical species on the first electrode and generate spectroscopic data about the chemical species electro- ...

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Номер записи: 52
27-03-2014 дата публикации

System and apparatus for determining temperatures in a fluid analyte system

Номер: US20140083848A1
Автор: Andrew J. Edelbrock, Jeffery S. Reynolds, John P. Creaven, Matthew B. Holzer, Mu Wu, Narasinha C. Parasnis, Paul M. Ripley, Steve Hoi-Cheong Sun, Steven C. Charlton, Swetha Chinnayelka, XIN Wang
Принадлежит: Bayer HealthCare LLC

A test sensor includes a body, a first conductive trace, a second conductive trace, and a third conductive trace. The body includes a first region that has a fluid-receiving area, a second region separate from the first region, and a first temperature sensing interface disposed at or adjacent to the fluid-receiving area. The fluid-receiving area receives a sample. The first trace is disposed on the body, and at least a portion of the first trace is disposed in the first region. The second and third traces are disposed on the body. The third trace extends from the first to the second regions. The third trace is connected to the first trace at the first temperature sensing interface. The third trace includes a different material than the first trace. A first thermocouple is formed at the first temperature sensing interface. The thermocouple provides temperature data to determine an analyte concentration.

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Номер записи: 53
27-03-2014 дата публикации

ORGANISM SAMPLE MEASUREMENT SENSOR AND HOUSING CONTAINER THAT HOUSES SAME

Номер: US20140083849A1
Автор: Aono Masumi, Ochi Hirotaka
Принадлежит: Panasonic Corporation

The present invention is provided with sensor body () having a long plate shape, measurement part () provided in a front end section of sensor body (), and connection terminal () provided in a rear end section of sensor body (). Close contact prevention parts () having the same plate shape are provided in the same position of both a front surface and a back surface of sensor body (), the position not overlapping with a position of a center of gravity of sensor body (), measurement part (), and connection terminal (). A length in a longitudinal direction of sensor body () of close contact prevention parts () is shorter than a length thereof orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. 1. An organism sample measurement sensor comprising:a sensor body formed into a long plate shape;a measurement part provided in a front end section of the sensor body;a connection terminal provided in a rear end section of the sensor body; anda connection part electrically connecting the measurement part and the connection terminal in the sensor body,whereinthe sensor body has close contact prevention parts of an identical plate shape disposed to the same positions on both a front surface and a back surface respectively, the positions not overlapping with any of a center of gravity of the sensor body, the measurement part, and the connection terminal, andthe close contact prevention parts have a length in a longitudinal direction of the sensor body shorter than a length in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the sensor body.2. The organism sample measurement sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the close contact prevention parts are configured by a plate-like body.3. The organism sample measurement sensor according to claim 2 , wherein a thickness of the close contact prevention parts in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the sensor body is smaller than a thickness of the sensor body.4. The organism sample measurement sensor according to claim 3 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 54
27-03-2014 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS

Номер: US20140083853A1
Автор: Compton Richard G., Lawrence Nathan Scott, McCormack Sean P., Wildgoose Gregory George
Принадлежит: Isis Innovation Ltd.

An electrode for use in a electrochemical sensor comprises carbon modified with a chemically sensitive redox-active compound, excluding an electrode based on carbon having derivatised thereron two redox-active species wherein at least one of said species is selected from anthraquinone, phenanthrenequinone and N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD). The invention further provides a pH sensor comprising: 1. A method for preparing an electrode for use in an electrochemical sensor , said method comprising modifying carbon with a chemically sensitive redox active material wherein the material is a single redox active species or two redox active species , with the proviso that the material that is two redox active species does not include anthraquinone , phenanthrenequinone or N ,N═-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) , and wherein the electrode is operable over an entire pH range of 1 to 12.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of modifying the carbon comprises one or more of the following methods:1) derivatisation via physical adsorption of the chemically sensitive redox active material; and2) physical mixing with the chemically sensitive redox active material and a binder.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of applying the carbon modified with the chemically sensitive redox active material to a substrate.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the step of applying comprises abrasively immobilising the composition on the surface of the substrate.5. A method for preparing an electrode for use in an electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 2 , said method comprising modifying carbon with a single chemically sensitive redox active material selected from an anthraquinone claim 2 , phenanthrenequinone or N claim 2 ,N-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD).6. An electrode for use in an electrochemical sensor claim 2 , said electrode comprising carbon and a redox-active compound wherein the redox-active compound is a single redox ...

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Номер записи: 55
27-03-2014 дата публикации

Analyte Monitoring Devices and Methods Therefor

Номер: US20140083863A1
Автор: Jennewine R. Curtis, Sloan Mark Kent
Принадлежит: ABBOTT DIABETES CARE INC.

Method and apparatus for performing a discrete glucose testing and bolus dosage determination including a glucose meter with bolus calculation function are provided. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a data storage unit for storing data including meal event information;a strip port configured to receive an analyte test strip; and 'wherein when the controller unit determines that the analyte test strip is received in the strip port within a predetermined time period of a meal event, the controller unit is further configured to automatically select a bolus determination mode to determine a bolus dosage.', 'a controller unit configured to detect when the analyte test strip is received in the strip port;'}2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further including an output unit operatively coupled to the controller unit claim 1 , wherein the controller unit is further configured to output the determined bolus dosage on the output unit.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the output unit is configured to provide one or more of a visual output claim 2 , an audible output claim 2 , a tactile output claim 2 , or one or more combinations thereof.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the determined bolus dosage includes one or more of a carbohydrate bolus claim 1 , a correction bolus claim 1 , an extended bolus claim 1 , a dual bolus claim 1 , or one or more combinations thereof.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further including an input unit operatively coupled to the controller unit claim 1 , wherein the controller unit is configured to determine the bolus dosage in response to a command received from the input unit.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller unit is further configured to determine an analyte level from an analyte test strip sample.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the determined analyte level includes one or more of a glucose level or a ketone level.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further including a data communication unit operatively coupled to the controller ...

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Номер записи: 56
27-03-2014 дата публикации

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING REDOX REACTIONS IN SOLUTION

Номер: US20140083866A1
Автор: Credo Grace M., Daniels Jonathan S., Elibol Oguz H., Su Xing
Принадлежит:

Described herein is a device comprising: a plurality of first reaction electrodes arranged in an array, the plurality of first reaction electrodes configured to be exposed to a fluid and having a capacitance; first circuitry configured to controllably set the plurality of first reaction electrode to a predetermined voltage and allow the capacitance of the plurality of first reaction electrode to charge or discharge through the fluid; and second circuitry configured to measure a rate of charging or discharging of the capacitance of the plurality of first reaction electrodes. Also described herein is a method of using this device to sequence DNA. 1. A device suitable for detecting chemical reaction in a fluid phase , comprising:a plurality of first reaction electrodes arranged in an array, the plurality of first reaction electrodes configured to be exposed to a fluid and having a capacitance;first circuitry configured to controllably set the plurality of first reaction electrode to a predetermined voltage and allow the capacitance of the plurality of first reaction electrode to charge or discharge through the fluid; andsecond circuitry configured to measure a rate of charging or discharging of the capacitance of the plurality of first reaction electrodes.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the capacitance includes self-capacitance of the plurality of first reaction electrodes and capacitance of interfaces between the plurality of first reaction electrodes and the fluid.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the charging or discharging of the capacitance is caused by redox reactions in the fluid.4. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a reference electrode with a fixed reduction potential to the fluid.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the reference electrode is selected from the group consisting of standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) claim 4 , normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) claim 4 , reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) claim 4 , saturated calomel electrode (SCE) claim ...

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Номер записи: 57
27-03-2014 дата публикации

Method for Determination of Analyte Concentrations and Related Apparatus

Номер: US20140083870A1
Автор: Diamond Steven, Harding Ian, Iyentar Sridhar G., Wei Baguo
Принадлежит: AGAMATRIX, INC.

A method is provided for determining analyte concentrations, for example glucose concentrations, that utilizes a dynamic determination of the appropriate time for making a glucose measurement, for example when a current versus time curve substantially conforms to a Cottrell decay, or when the current is established in a plateau region. Dynamic determination of the time to take the measurement allows each strip to operate in the shortest appropriate time frame, thereby avoiding using an average measurement time that may be longer than necessary for some strips and too short for others. 1. A method for determining an analyte in a sample comprising the steps of:(a) introducing a sample to be evaluated into an electrochemical test strip having working and counter electrodes;(b) applying a potential between the electrodes sufficient to generate a diffusion-limited current when analyte is present in the sample;{'sub': 'peak', '(c) dynamically determining a time, t, as the time when diffusion limiting current at the counter electrode is established;'}{'sub': meas', 'meas', 'peak', 'meas', 'peak, '(d) sampling the current value at a time, t, wherein tis after t, and tis determined based on the value of t, and'}{'sub': 'meas', '(e) generating an indication of analyte in the sample based on the sampled current value at time t.'}227-. (canceled) This application relates to a method for detection of analyte concentration using an electrochemical test strip, and to a meter and meter test strip combination for use in such a method.Small disposable electrochemical test strips are frequently used in the monitoring of blood glucose by diabetics. Such test strips can also be employed in the detection of other physiological chemicals of interest and substances of abuse. In general, the test strip comprises at least two electrodes and appropriate reagents for the test to be performed, and is manufactured as a single use, disposable element. The test strip is combined with a sample such ...

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Номер записи: 58
03-04-2014 дата публикации

Lead-Free Oxygen Sensor

Номер: US20140090977A1
Автор: Boardman Alan
Принадлежит:

An electrochemical sensor cell is disclosed. The cell comprised of a diffusion membrane, a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte, electronic circuit board with electronic leads contained in housing. The anode is made of substantially pure bismuth. The electrolyte may be either solid or aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution or acetic acid (CHCOOH). The cathode may be a carbon fiber substrate with gold deposited thereon. The sensor may be RoHS compliant. 1. An electrochemical sensor comprising:an electrochemical cell further comprising an anode comprising substantially pure bismuth.2. The sensor of further comprising a fluorinated polymer film diffusion membrane.3. The sensor of further comprising further comprising an acetic acid with potassium acetate where said solution is approximately 6.0 molar.4. The sensor of further comprising a cathode comprising a gold catalyst layer deposited on carbon fiber substrate.5. The sensor of further comprising a coiled nickel wire encapsulated in the anode.6. An electrochemical cell further comprising a carbon fiber cathode having gold deposited thereon.71. Claim ′ comprising a substantially pure bismuth anode.81. Claim ′ further comprising a diffusion membrane wherein the membrane is chemically resistive oxygen permeable polymer film claim 1 , further comprising a fluorinated polymer film.91. Claim ′ further comprising an acetic acid electrolyte with potassium acetate where said solution is approximately 6.0 molar.101. Claim ′ further comprising a coiled nickel wire encapsulated in the anode.11. An electrochemical cell further comprising a substantially pure bismuth anode and a cathode comprising a carbon fiber substrate having a gold thin film deposited on the surface thereof.121. Claim ″ further comprising a diffusion membrane wherein the membrane is chemically resistive oxygen permeable polymer film claim 1 , further comprising a fluorinated polymer film.131. Claim ″ further comprising an acetic acid electrolyte ...

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Номер записи: 59
03-04-2014 дата публикации

POTENTIOMETRIC SENSOR

Номер: US20140090978A1
Автор: Bower Michael Mason, III Daniel G., Pestana Jose L., Sun Zhisheng, Talutis Stephen B., Tower, West Steven J.
Принадлежит: INVENSYS SYSTEMS INC.

A potentiometric sensor includes an elongate non-glass, non-metal housing having opposite first and second longitudinal ends and a length extending between the first and second longitudinal ends. The housing defines a lumen extending along the length of the housing. A measuring half-cell assembly is received in the lumen of the housing and secured to the housing. The measuring half-cell assembly includes a glass body having opposite first and second longitudinal ends and a length extending between the first and second ends of the glass body. The second longitudinal end of the glass body is adjacent the second longitudinal end of the housing and a longitudinal extent of the glass body is less than the length of the housing. 1. A potentiometric sensor comprising:an elongate non-glass, non-metal housing having opposite first and second longitudinal ends and a length extending between the first and second longitudinal ends, the housing defining a lumen extending along the length of the housing;a measuring half-cell assembly received in the lumen of the housing and secured to the housing, the measuring half-cell assembly including a glass body having opposite first and second longitudinal ends and a length extending between the first and second ends of the glass body, wherein the second longitudinal end of the glass body is adjacent the second longitudinal end of the housing and a longitudinal extent of the glass body is less than the length of the housing.2. The potentiometric sensor of wherein the longitudinal extent of the glass body is less than three-quarters the length of the housing.3. The potentiometric sensor of wherein the longitudinal extent of the glass body is less than one-half the length of the housing.4. The potentiometric sensor of wherein the longitudinal extent of the glass body is less than one-third the length of the housing.5. The potentiometric sensor of wherein the longitudinal extent of the glass body is less than one-fourth the length of the ...

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Номер записи: 60
03-04-2014 дата публикации

Devices And Processes For Carbon Dioxide Conversion Into Useful Fuels And Chemicals

Номер: US20140093799A1
Автор: Masel Richard I., Rosen Brian A., Zhu Wei
Принадлежит:

Electrochemical devices for converting carbon dioxide to useful reaction products include a solid or a liquid with a specific pH and/or water content. Chemical processes using the devices are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, HCO, HCO, (HCO), HCO, CHOH, CH, CH, CHCHOH, CHCOO, CHCOOH, CH, (COOH), (COO), acrylic acid, diphenyl carbonate, other carbonates, other organic acids and synthetic fuels. The electrochemical device can be a COsensor. 2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the substance is 2-5.3. The electrochemical device of claim 2 , wherein the pH of the substance is 2.5-4.0.4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the substance is 1.2-1.8.5. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the electrolyte claim 1 , liquid claim 1 , solid or solution has a concentration of 1%-98% water by volume.6. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the electrolyte claim 5 , liquid claim 5 , solid and solution has a concentration of 10%-70% water by volume.7. The electrochemical device of claim 5 , wherein at least one of the electrolyte claim 5 , liquid claim 5 , solid and solution has a concentration of 70%-98% water by volume.8. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , further comprising a membrane electrode assembly claim 1 , the membrane electrode assembly comprising:(i) a cathode;(ii) a cathode catalyst;(iii) a Buffer Layer;(iv) a separator membrane;(v) an anode catalyst; and(vi) an anode.9. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the Buffer Layer is located within 1 mm of the cathode claim 1 , the Buffer Layer comprising a substance having a pH of 1.1-5.5 when measured according to at least one of the tests listed in .10. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the cathode and a catalyst operatively associated with the cathode comprises a catalytically active element.11. The electrochemical device of claim 10 , wherein the catalytically ...

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Номер записи: 61
06-01-2022 дата публикации

Fluid-permeable electrodes, fluid-permeable electrochemical cells and integrated fluid-permeable analytical devices, and fluid-permeable devices for electrocatalytic conversion and electrosynthesis, and for fluid decontamination

Номер: US20220006096A1
Автор: Abbas Parvez Kazi, Anna Maria Routsi, Dionysios CHRISTODOULEAS
Принадлежит: University of Massachusetts UMass

Provided is a fluid-permeable electrode having an open-cell structure and having: a layer of an electroactive material deposited on a surface of an open cell substrate that is formed of a material that differs from the electroactive material; or a fluid-permeable electrode having an open-cell structure and consisting of an electroactive material.

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Номер записи: 62
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Electrochemical Sensor Chip

Номер: US20160003760A1
Автор: Etzkorn James
Принадлежит:

An electrochemical sensor is disposed on a sensor substrate suitable for flip-chip mounting to another substrate. The electrochemical sensor can be fabricated in bulk by patterning sets of electrodes on a common substrate with vias that electrically couple each electrode to a conductive pad on the opposite side of the substrate. The substrate with electrodes thereon can then be diced and the individual electrochemical sensors can be flip-chip mounted in a body-mountable device in which the sensor can be used to obtain analyte concentrations. As a result, fabrication of the electrochemical sensor electrodes can be isolated from fabrication of the other electronics in the device, which can facilitate efficient fabrication of the sensor and allows for other electronics to be fabricated without restrictions associated with the electrode fabrication. 1. A device comprising:a polymeric material formed to include a body-mountable surface;a first substrate at least partially embedded within the polymeric material;an antenna disposed on the first substrate; a sensor substrate different from the first substrate, wherein the sensor substrate includes a first side and a second side opposite the first side;', 'a working electrode disposed on the first side of the sensor substrate;', 'a reference electrode disposed on the first side of the sensor substrate;', 'a first conductive connection pad disposed on the second side of the sensor substrate, wherein the first conductive connection pad is electrically coupled to the working electrode; and', 'a second conductive connection pad disposed on the second side of the sensor substrate, wherein the second conductive connection pad is electrically coupled to the reference electrode; and, 'an electrochemical sensor comprisinga controller electrically connected to the electrochemical sensor via the first and second conductive connection pads, wherein the controller is disposed on the first substrate, and wherein the controller is ...

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Номер записи: 63
07-01-2016 дата публикации

Measurement Device with Sensor Array

Номер: US20160003761A1
Автор: CHO Sung Kwon, CLARK William, FLAHERTY J. Christopher, Flaherty R. Maxwell, SYCIARZ Timothy J., Wagner David W., ZHAO Yuejun
Принадлежит:

A system for obtaining a pH measurement includes a disposable probe and a reader. The disposable probe comprises multiple indicating electrodes and at least one reference electrode. The reader is configured to operably engage with the disposable probe and provide pH information of a sample. 1. A system for obtaining a pH measurement comprising:a disposable probe comprising:at least one electrode; andat least one controllable orifice operable to control a fluid pathway to said at least one electrode.23-. (canceled)4. The system of further comprising an electronics module constructed and arranged to activate at least one controllable orifice.5. (canceled)6. The system of wherein the electronics module comprises a lookup table that comprises controllable orifice activation information.7. (canceled)821. The system of claim wherein at least one controllable orifice comprises a membrane.9. The system of wherein the membrane comprises a multi-layer membrane.10. The system of wherein the membrane comprises a heating element constructed and arranged to create an opening in the membrane.1113-. (canceled)14. The system of wherein at least a portion of the heating element is positioned in contact with the membrane.15. (canceled)16. The system of further comprising a reference solution wherein at least one orifice is positioned between a reference solution and an electrode.17. (canceled)18. The system of wherein at least one electrode comprises an iridium oxide electrode.1921-. (canceled)22. The system of further comprising a walled chamber surrounding at least one electrode.2327-. (canceled)28. The system of wherein at least one electrode is manufactured using a MEMS process.2936-. (canceled)37. The system of further comprising a liquid junction.3840-. (canceled)41. The system of further comprising a substrate claim 1 , and wherein the at least one electrode is positioned on and/or proximate to the substrate.4252-. (canceled)53. The system of further comprising a reader ...

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Номер записи: 64
07-01-2016 дата публикации

METHODS FOR GENERATING pH/IONIC CONCENTRATION GRADIENT NEAR ELECTRODE SURFACES FOR MODULATING BIOMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS

Номер: US20160003766A1
Автор: Ahmad Habib, Fomina Nadezda, Gangadharan Rajan, I Aldrich, Johnson Christopher, Kavusi Sam, Lau, Verma Piyush
Принадлежит:

Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample. 1. A method comprising:a. adding an electrochemically active agent which is a quinone derivative onto a support of a biosensor; andb. adding an analyte that, in dependence upon a change of a redox state of the quinone derivative, interacts with a probe on the support,c. wherein an electrode of the support is configured to cause the change in the redox state of the quinone derivative.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the change of the redox state of the quinone derivative allows the interaction between the analyte and the probe to occur.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the change of the redox state of the quinone derivative increases a binding affinity between the analyte and the probe.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the change of the redox state of the quinone derivative decreases a binding affinity between the analyte and the probe.5. A method comprising:a. providing a biosensor comprising a support in an aqueous solution,i. the support comprising one or more electrodes, and a biomolecule interface layer having one or more immobilized probes thereon;ii. the aqueous solution comprising a quinone derivative;b. adding a biomolecule analyte ...

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Номер записи: 65
03-01-2019 дата публикации

GRAPHENE SYNTHESIS

Номер: US20190003042A1
Автор: Han Zhao Jun, Ostrikov Kostyantyn, Pineda Shafique, Seo Dong Han
Принадлежит: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

The invention relates to methods for the production of high quality graphene. In particular, the invention relates to single-step thermal methods which can be carried out in an ambient-air or vacuum environment using renewable biomass as a carbon source. Specifically, the invention comprises heating a metal substrate and carbon source in a sealed ambient environment to a temperature which produces carbon vapour from the carbon source such that the vapour comes into contact with the metal substrate, maintaining the temperature for a time sufficient to form a graphene lattice and then cooling the substrate at a controlled rate to form a deposited graphene. 1. A method of preparing a deposited graphene comprising the steps of heating a metal substrate and carbon source in a sealed ambient environment to a temperature which produces carbon vapour from the carbon source such that the vapour comes into contact with the metal substrate , maintaining the temperature for a time sufficient to form a graphene lattice and then cooling the substrate at a controlled rate to form a deposited graphene.2. A method according to wherein the deposited graphene is a film.3. A method according to wherein the deposited graphene is a continuous film.4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the ambient environment is air at atmospheric pressure or a vacuum.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the metal substrate is a transition metal substrate.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the metal substrate is nickel or copper.7. The method according to wherein the metal substrate is nickel and the ambient environment is air at atmospheric pressure.8. The method according to wherein the metal substrate is nickel of purity 99% and above.9. The method according to wherein the metal substrate is polycrystalline nickel.10. The method according to wherein the metal substrate is copper and the ambient environment is ...

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Номер записи: 66
04-01-2018 дата публикации

MEASURING ELECTRODE AND MEASURING SYSTEM FOR CHEMICAL LIQUID

Номер: US20180003664A1
Автор: Miyamura Kazuhiro, Ueda Koji
Принадлежит:

A measuring electrode for chemical liquid in semiconductor process that measures a chemical liquid used for a semiconductor process comprises a first body having a first internal liquid chamber into which a first internal liquid is filled, and a flow tube for a part or all of which a responsive glass is used and that forms a flow channel where a chemical liquid as being a measuring object flows, wherein the flow tube is so arranged to penetrate the first body and the responsive glass makes contact with the first internal liquid in the first internal liquid chamber. 1. A reference electrode comprising;a body having an internal liquid chamber into which an internal liquid is filled and being configured so that the internal liquid makes contact with a measuring liquid as being a measuring object flowing above the internal liquid through a liquid junction arranged at an upper end part of the internal liquid chamber andan internal electrode arranged so as to contact with the internal liquid in the internal liquid chamber,wherein a replenishing port to replenish the internal liquid into the internal liquid chamber is arranged below the upper end part of the internal electrode.2. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein a specific gravity of the internal liquid is greater than a specific gravity of the measuring liquid.3. The reference electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the internal liquid chamber is formed so that a cross section of the internal liquid chamber at a position locating above the upper end of the internal electrode and separated from the liquid junction by the predetermined distance is smaller than a cross section of the internal liquid chamber locating below the position.4. The reference electrode according to claim 3 , wherein a volume of a part of the internal liquid chamber from the liquid junction to a position separated from the liquid junction by the predetermined distance is set to be smaller than an amount of the internal liquid ...

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Номер записи: 67
04-01-2018 дата публикации

NANOSTRUCTURED MICROELECTRODES AND BIOSENSING DEVICES INCORPORATING THE SAME

Номер: US20180003665A1
Автор: Fang Zhichao, Kelley Shana, Sargent Edward, Soleymani Leyla, Taft Bradford
Принадлежит:

Nanostructured microelectrodes and biosensing devices incorporating the same are disclosed herein. 1. A nanostructured microelectrode.2. The microelectrode of claim 1 , which is comprised of a material selected from the group consisting of: a noble metal claim 1 , an alloy of a noble metal claim 1 , a conducting polymer claim 1 , a metal oxide claim 1 , a metal silicide claim 1 , a metal nitride claim 1 , carbon or a combination of any of the same.3. The microelectrode of claim 1 , which is of a height in the range of about 0.5 to about 100 microns.4. The microelectrode of wherein the length of the nanostructure is in the range of about 1 to about 300 nanometers.5. The microelectrode of claim 1 , wherein the length of the nanostructure is in the range of about 10 to about 20 nanometers.6. The microelectrode of claim 1 , wherein the microelectrode has an approximate diameter in the range of about 1 to about 10 microns.7. The microelectrode of claim 1 , wherein the nanostructure is spiky or fractal.8. The microelectrode of which further comprises is a probe selected from the group consisting of: thiolated probe molecules claim 1 , nucleic acids claim 1 , peptide nucleic acids claim 1 , locked nucleic acids claim 1 , or phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers terminated with thiols claim 1 , nucleic acids claim 1 , peptide nucleic acids claim 1 , locked nucleic acids claim 1 , or phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers terminated with amines claim 1 , nucleic acids claim 1 , peptide nucleic acids claim 1 , locked nucleic acids claim 1 , or phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers terminated with carboxylates claim 1 , proteins or peptides functionalized with suitable tethering molecules and antibodies functionalized with suitable tethering molecules.9. A biosensing device comprising a substrate; an electrically conductive lead on the substrate; an insulating layer covering the lead claim 1 , the insulating layer having an aperture exposing a portion of the lead; and a ...

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Номер записи: 68
04-01-2018 дата публикации

GAS SENSOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Номер: US20180003669A1
Автор: MASUDA Kenji, MIHARA Shunya, Nagata Shogo, OBA Takehiro
Принадлежит: NGK SPARK PLUG CO., LTD.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element having electrode pads, metal terminal members connected to the respective electrode pads, separators, and lead wires connected to the rear ends of the metal terminal members. Each metal terminal member has a forward locking portion and a rear locking portion provided at the forward and rear ends, respectively. The separator is composed of a forward separator and a rear separator connected to each other. The forward separator includes a first locking portion having a rearward-facing surface, and the rear separator includes a second locking portion having a forward-facing surface. The metal terminal member is held between the forward separator and the rear separator in a state in which the forward locking portion is in locking engagement with the rearward-facing surface and the rear locking portion is in locking engagement with the forward-facing surface. 1. A gas sensor comprising:a sensor element having a plate shape, extending in a direction of an axial line and having an electrode pad on an outer surface of a rear end portion thereof;a metal terminal member extending in the direction of the axial line and electrically connected to the electrode pad;a tubular separator which holds the metal terminal member and surrounds the rear end portion of the sensor element; anda lead wire connected to a rear end portion of the metal terminal member and extending rearward of the separator, whereinthe metal terminal member has a forward locking portion provided at a forward end side of the metal terminal member and a rear locking portion provided at a rear end side of the metal terminal member,the separator is composed of a forward separator and a rear separator which are disposed on forward and rear sides in the direction of the axial line, respectively, and are connected to each other, the forward separator including a first locking portion having a rearward-facing surface, the rear separator including a second locking portion having a ...

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Номер записи: 69
02-01-2020 дата публикации

Sensor arrangement for voltammetry

Номер: US20200003720A1
Автор: Christoph STEFFAN, Inge Siegl
Принадлежит: INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG

In some examples, a circuit arrangement has a first output node for connection to a first electrode of the electrochemical cell, a second output node for connection to a second electrode of the electrochemical cell and a third output node for connection to a third electrode of the electrochemical cell. The circuit arrangement further has an interface circuit designed to output a first voltage at the first output node and further designed to output a third voltage at the third output node, which third voltage is set such that a second voltage at the second output node corresponds to a reference voltage. A control unit is designed to set the first voltage such that a predetermined cell voltage is applied between the first and the second output node. The control circuit is further designed to adjust the reference voltage depending on the electrical state of the electrochemical cell.

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Номер записи: 70
02-01-2020 дата публикации

NANOPOROUS BIOELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS FOR MEASURING REDOX POTENTIAL IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES

Номер: US20200003754A1
Автор: Collinson Maryanne M., Daniels Rodney C., Ward Kevin R.
Принадлежит:

A bioelectrochemical sensor utilizing a nanoporous gold electrode. The bioelectrochemical sensor is suitable for measuring redox in biologic media while having increased resistance to biofouling as compared to conventional electrodes such as planar gold electrodes, due to greater exposed surface area of the three-dimensional ligature structure defining the nanopores. The nanopores have a pore size of 5-100 nm, preferably with an average pore size of less than 50 nm, and more preferably with an average pore size of less than 20 nm. 1. A bioelectrochemical sensor , comprising: a plurality of gold coated strips;', 'an etched gold leaf disposed over a surface of the plurality of gold coated strips;', 'a strip of TEFLON tape disposed over the etched gold leaf, the TEFLON tape having a hole therethrough positioned over the etched gold leaf; and, 'a first electrode including a nanoporous precious metal, the nanoporous precious metal of the first electrode being nanoporous gold, the first electrode including'}a reference electrode.2. (canceled)3. The bioelectrochemical sensor of claim 1 , the pores of the nanoporous precious metal of the first electrode having a pore size of 100 nm or less.4. The bioelectrochemical sensor of claim 3 , the nanoporous precious metal of the first electrode having an average pore size of less than 50 nm.5. The bioelectrochemical sensor of claim 3 , the nanoporous precious metal of the first electrode having an average pore size of less than 20 nm.6. The bioelectrochemical sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a counter electrode.7. The bioelectrochemical sensor of claim 1 , the reference electrode being a silver/silver chloride electrode.8. The bioelectrochemical sensor of claim 6 , the counter electrode being platinum.9. The bioelectrochemical sensor of claim 1 , in combination with a block having a microfluidic channel therein claim 1 , the microfluidic channel including a portion aligned with an exposed nanoporous region of the first ...

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Номер записи: 71
07-01-2021 дата публикации

pH MEASUREMENT OF AN AQUEOUS SAMPLE

Номер: US20210003529A1
Автор: Julie Victoria Macpherson, Samuel James Cobb, Zoë Duncan
Принадлежит: Hach Co, University of Warwick

An embodiment provides a device for measuring pH in an aqueous sample, including: at least one measurement electrode comprising a first carbon region, wherein the carbon region comprises a single pH sensitive carbon region, wherein the single pH sensitive carbon region of the measurement electrode is a sp2 carbon region of a boron doped diamond-based pH electrode; at least one reference electrode; at least one auxiliary electrode; and a memory storing instructions executable by a processor to identify a pH of an aqueous sample by measuring an electrical potential between the at least one measurement electrode and the at least one reference electrode. Other aspects are described and claimed.

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Номер записи: 72
03-01-2019 дата публикации

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL SENSOR AND COATING METHOD, PRODUCTION METHOD AND CORRESPONDING USES

Номер: US20190004001A1
Автор: ALEMÁN LLANSÓ Carlos, ARMELIN DIGGROC Elaine, FABREGAT JOVÉ Georgina, LLORCA PIQUE Jordi
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to an electro-chemical sensor and coating method, production method and corresponding uses. The coating method of an electro-chemical sensor comprises the following steps: coating a carbon-rich substrate, with a carbon content greater than or equal to 0 wt. % in relation to the total weight of the substrate, and with an organic polymer; and applying a cold plasma treatment to said coating. This method permits the production of electro-chemical sensors with a carbon-rich substrate, with a carbon content greater or equal to 50 wt. % in relation to the total weight of the substrate, and a modified organic polymer coating. These new sensors are suitable for the detection of, inter alia, dopamine, glucose, uric acid and ascorbic acid. 1. An electrochemical sensor coating method , comprising the steps of:coating a carbon-rich substrate having a carbon content greater than or equal to 50% by weight with respect to the total weight of the substrate, with an organic polymer, andapplying a cold plasma treatment to said coating.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said plasma is an atmospheric plasma claim 1 , a vacuum plasma claim 1 , or a corona energy plasma comprising between 0.1 mJ/cmand 100 J/cmin an atmosphere with oxygen claim 1 , or nitrogen claim 1 , or another inert gas.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the organic polymer is a non-electrochemically active polymer claim 1 , polyethylene claim 1 , poly(tetramethylene-succinate) claim 1 , polypropylene claim 1 , polyvinylpyrrolidone claim 1 , polyethylene oxide claim 1 , poly(4-vinylphenol) claim 1 , polycaprolactone claim 1 , polyamide PA 66 claim 1 , polystyrene claim 1 , polyacrylic acid claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , an electrochemically active polymer claim 1 , poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) claim 1 , or poly(N-cyanoethylpyrrole).619-. (canceled)20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plasma application time is more than 1 s ...

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Номер записи: 73
04-01-2018 дата публикации

WATER QUALITY MEASUREMENT APPARATUS AND METHOD

Номер: US20180005507A1
Автор: Song Inho
Принадлежит: MOEN INCORPORATED

A water quality measurement apparatus is provided. The apparatus comprises an electrochemical cell, a pH sensor, a temperature sensor, a control circuit, a power source, a database, and a warning device. The electrochemical cell comprises a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. The control circuit provides predetermined adjustable potentials between the reference electrode and the working electrode and measures electrochemical currents between the working electrode and the counter electrode, to form a current diagram based on the predetermined adjustable potentials and the electrochemical currents. The database stores predetermined reference diagrams based on various pH values and temperatures, and is in communication with the control circuit. The warning device is configured to output warnings, wherein the control circuit triggers the warning device in the condition that the current diagram exceeds the predetermined reference diagram based on the same range of the pH values and the temperatures. 1. A water quality measurement apparatus , comprising:an electrochemical cell, comprising a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode, wherein the working electrode, the reference electrode, and the counter electrode are configured to be inserted into water to be detected,a pH sensor, configured to detect pH values of the water and to provide a pH signal reflecting the pH values of the detected water to a control circuit,a temperature sensor, configured to detect temperatures of the water, and to provide a temperature signal reflecting the temperatures of the detected water to the control circuit,the control circuit, electrically connected to the electrochemical cell, the pH sensor, and the temperature sensor, wherein the control circuit is configured to provide predetermined adjustable potentials between the reference electrode and the working electrode and to measure electrochemical currents between the working ...

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Номер записи: 74
01-01-2015 дата публикации

REDOX-ACTIVE STRUCTURES AND DEVICES UTILIZING THE SAME

Номер: US20150007371A1
Автор: Gupta Tarkeshwar, Rosenblatt David, Shukla Atindra D., VAN DER BOOM Milko E.
Принадлежит:

A device is presented having reversibly changeable and optically readable optical properties. The device comprises a substrate having an electrically conductive surface and carrying a redox-active layer structure. The redox-active layer structure may be a monolayer or a multi-layer structure and is configured to have at least one predetermined electronic property including at least one of electrodensity and oxidation state. The electronic property of the layer structure defines an optical property of the structure thereby determining an optical response of the structure to certain incident light. This at least one electronic property is changeable by subjecting the redox-active layer structure to an electric field or to a redox-active material. The device thus enables effecting a change in said electronic property that results in a detectable change in the optical response of the layer structure. 2. The device of claim 1 , wherein Ris C≡C.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the metal-based redox-active layer structure comprises at least one layer of said tris-bipyridyl metal complex.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the metal-based redox-active layer structure is configured as a ruthenium-based redox-active monolayer or as an osmium-based redox-active monolayer.6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the metal-based redox-active layer structure further comprises redox-active organic molecules.7. The device of claim 6 , wherein said redox-active organic molecules include thiophenes claim 6 , quinones or a combination thereof.8. The device of claim 4 , wherein said metal-based redox-active layer structure comprises (i) a monolayer of metal-based redox-active complexes comprising at least one metal; or (ii) a monolayer of metal-based redox-active complexes comprising different or identical metals; or.9. The device of claim 4 , wherein the metal-based redox-active layer structure comprises a plurality of different or identical layers each formed by a metal-based redox-active ...

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Номер записи: 75
08-01-2015 дата публикации

Arrangement and Method for the Electrochemical Analysis of Liquid Samples by Means of Lateral Flow Assays

Номер: US20150008144A1
Автор: Gumbrecht Walter, Paulicka Peter
Принадлежит:

The invention relates to an arrangement () and to a method for the electrical detection of liquid samples () by means of lateral flow assays. The lateral flow assay comprises a membrane () that is arranged on a front side of a first carrier (). The first carrier () is electrically insulating. On the front side of the first carrier () between the carrier () and the membrane (), electrically conductive electrodes () are arranged in direct contact with the membrane (). 1154223232244. An arrangement () for the electrical detection of liquid samples () by means of lateral flow assays , wherein the lateral flow assay comprises a membrane () arranged on a front side of a first carrier () , and wherein the first carrier () is embodied in an electrically insulating fashion and electrically conductive electrodes () are arranged on the first carrier () , characterized in that the electrodes () on the front side of the first carrier () are arranged between the carrier () and the membrane () , in direct contact with the membrane ().2143737. The arrangement () as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that the membrane () is embodied as a closed layer via which the electrodes ( claim 1 , ) claim 1 , in particular all the electrodes ( claim 1 , ) are connected to one another.314. The arrangement () as claimed in either of the preceding claims claim 1 , characterized in that the membrane () comprises a lateral flow paper claim 1 , in particular composed of nitrocellulose.4137. The arrangement () as claimed in any of the preceding claims claim 1 , characterized in that the electrodes ( claim 1 , ) are metal electrodes claim 1 , in particular composed of gold.5137284. The arrangement () as claimed in any of the preceding claims claim 1 , characterized in that the electrodes ( claim 1 , ) are electrically contact-connected on the front side of the carrier ( claim 1 , ) claim 1 , in particular in an edge region in which the membrane () is not arranged.6128373728. The arrangement () as ...

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Номер записи: 76
14-01-2021 дата публикации

REAL-TIME AND LABEL FREE ANALYZER FOR IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO DETECTING THE SUSPICIOUS REGIONS TO CANCER

Номер: US20210007638A1
Автор: Abdolahad Mohammad, Ghafari Hadi, Miripour Zohreh Sadat, Namdar Habashi Naser
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for in-vivo measuring HOoxidation within a living tissue. The apparatus includes an electrochemical probe and an electrochemical stimulator-analyzer. The electrochemical probe includes a sensing part and a handle. The sensing part includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. The working electrode includes a first biocompatible conductive needle coated with a layer of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The counter electrode includes a second biocompatible conductive needle. The reference electrode includes a third biocompatible conductive needle. The electrochemical stimulator-analyzer is configured to generate a set of electrical currents in a portion of the living tissue. 1. An apparatus for in-vivo measuring HOoxidation within a living tissue , comprising: [ a working electrode comprising a first biocompatible conductive needle coated with a layer of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VAMWCNTs);', 'a counter electrode comprising a second biocompatible conductive needle; and', 'a reference electrode comprising a third biocompatible conductive needle; and, 'a sensing part, comprising, 'a handle, comprising an insertion part attached to the sensing part, the insertion part configured to be inserted the into a portion of the living tissue; and', generate a set of electrical currents in the portion of the living tissue by applying a set of electrical potentials to the electrochemical probe; and', 'record the set of electrical currents by measuring an electric current flowing from the counter electrode to the working electrode., 'an electrochemical stimulator-analyzer configured to], 'an electrochemical probe comprising2. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrochemical stimulator-analyzer is further configured to:apply the set of electrical potentials by applying a sweeping range of electrical potentials between −1 V and 1 V to the working electrode; andmeasure the electric currents at the ...

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Номер записи: 77
12-01-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICALLY ACTIVE AGENTS FOR PH MODULATION IN BIOLOGICAL BUFFERS

Номер: US20170008825A1
Автор: Ahmad Habib, Fomina Nadezda, Johnson Christopher, Kavusi Sam, Lang Christoph, Maruniak Autumn, RAGHUNATHAN Ashwin
Принадлежит:

Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample. 1. An electrochemically active composition comprising a quinone derivative , wherein:a reactivity between a nucleophile and the quinone derivative is reduced compared to a reactivity between the nucleophile and an unsubstituted quinone from which the quinone derivative is derived, andthe composition is configured such that the pH of the composition is electrochemically modulated via the quinone derivative.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein all of the R groups of the quinone derivative are different from each other.4. The composition of claim 2 , wherein two or more of the R groups of the quinone derivative are the same.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is an aqueous solution.6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an additive selected from the group consisting of: an aqueous buffer claim 1 , an organic solvent claim 1 , an electrolyte claim 1 , a buffer salt claim 1 , a bioreagent claim 1 , a biomolecule claim 1 , a surfactant claim 1 , a preservative claim 1 , a cryoprotectant claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more nucleophiles are selected from the group ...

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Номер записи: 78
27-01-2022 дата публикации

INTEGRATED WATER TESTING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ULTRA-LOW TOTAL CHLORINE DETECTION

Номер: US20220023517A1
Автор: Chen Ye, Cooper Kevin, Ding Yuanpang Samuel, Maliekkal Shincy, Rohde Justin, Titus Joel, White Jeff
Принадлежит:

A dialysis method and system for determining an amount of total chlorine in a partially purified water sample is disclosed. The system includes a water machine that produces at least partially purified water including an at least partially purified water sample and a dialysis machine that provides a dialysis treatment to a patient. The dialysis machine receives the at least partially purified water from the water machine to prepare dialysis fluid for the dialysis treatment. The system also includes a total chlorine detector configured to receive the at least partially purified water sample, at a first time apply a source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample, and at a second time stop applying the source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample and instead monitor a sensed electrical parameter to determine an amount of total chlorine in the at least partially purified water sample. 1. A method of determining an amount of total chlorine in a water sample for a hemodialysis treatment , the method comprising:producing, via a water purification machine, an at least partially purified water sample;receiving, in a total chlorine detector, the at least partially purified water sample from the water purification machine;applying at a first time, via the total chlorine detector, a source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample;removing at a second time, via the total chlorine detector, the source voltage to the at least partially purified water sample;measuring, after the second time, via the total chlorine detector, an electrical parameter of the at least partially purified water sample; anddetermining, via the total chlorine detector, the amount of total chlorine in the at least partially purified water sample based on the measured electrical parameter.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total chlorine detector is included within at least one of the water purification machine or a dialysis machine that receives at least ...

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Номер записи: 79
12-01-2017 дата публикации

ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF THE pH OF A SOLUTION CLOSE TO AN ELECTRODE SURFACES

Номер: US20170010238A1
Автор: Ahmad Habib, Fomina Nadezda, Johnson Christopher, Kavusi Sam, Lang Christoph, Maruniak Autumn, RAGHUNATHAN Ashwin
Принадлежит:

Device and methods for use in a biosensor comprising a multisite array of test sites, the device and methods being useful for modulating the binding interactions between a (biomolecular) probe or detection agent and an analyte of interest by modulating the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor. An electrochemically active agent that is suitable for use in biological buffers for changing the pH of the biological buffers. Method for changing the pH of biological buffers using the electrochemically active agents. The methods of modulating the binding interactions provided in a biosensor, analytic methods for more accurately controlling and measuring the pH or ionic gradient near the electrodes in such biosensor, and analytic methods for more accurately measuring an analyte of interest in a biological sample. 1. A method for controlling a pH of a solution using two or more electrodes , the method comprising:a. measuring an open circuit potential (OCP) of the two or more electrodes in the solution while no current is being applied between the two or more electrodes;b. selecting an amount of current based on the measured OCP; andc. providing the selected amount of current to the solution, thereby changing the pH of the solution by electrochemically generating and/or consuming hydrogen ions.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein electrochemically generating and/or consuming hydrogen ions is achieved by an electrochemical reaction of one or more redox active species in the solution.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more redox active species is selected from the group consisting of: quinones claim 2 , catechols claim 2 , aminophenols claim 2 , hydrazines claim 2 , derivatives thereof claim 2 , and combinations thereof and optionally the one or more redox active species is a quinone selected from the group consisting of: hydroquinone claim 2 , benzoquinone claim 2 , naphthaquinone claim 2 , derivatives thereof claim 2 , and combinations thereof.4. ...

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Номер записи: 80
11-01-2018 дата публикации

Measuring electrode and measuring system for chemical liquid

Номер: US20180011045A1
Автор: Kazuhiro Miyamura, Koji Ueda
Принадлежит: Horiba Ltd

A measuring electrode for chemical liquid in semiconductor process that measures a chemical liquid used for a semiconductor process comprises a first body having a first internal liquid chamber into which a first internal liquid is filled, and a flow tube for a part or all of which a responsive glass is used and that forms a flow channel where a chemical liquid as being a measuring object flows, wherein the flow tube is so arranged to penetrate the first body and the responsive glass makes contact with the first internal liquid in the first internal liquid chamber.

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Номер записи: 81
09-01-2020 дата публикации

PH VALUE MEASURING DEVICE COMPRISING IN SITU CALIBRATION MEANS

Номер: US20200011830A1
Автор: BERIET Carine, DE COULON Yves, LEMOINE Cyrille
Принадлежит: VEOLIA WATER SOLUTIONS & TECHNOLOGIES SUPPORT

The invention concerns a device for measuring the pH of an effluent, said device comprising means for measuring an item of information representative of the pH of said effluent intended to be brought into contact with said effluent. 16-. (canceled)7. A method of performing calibrated measurements of the pH of an effluent using a non-glass electrode probe , comprising:placing the probe in contact with the effluent; biasing an ISFET transistor by applying a constant voltage and current across source and drain terminals of the ISFET, a gate terminal of which is insulated from the source and drain terminals and in contact with the effluent and hence at the same voltage as the non-glass reference electrode;', {'sub': 'GS', 'measuring a voltage Vbetween the non-glass reference electrode and the ISFET source terminal;'}, {'sub': GS', 'GS, 'determining the pH of the effluent from Vand a calibration curve expressing Vas a function of the pH of the effluent; and'}], 'repeatedly obtaining measurements of the pH of the effluent by, for each measurement,'} [{'sub': '1', 'modifying the pH of the effluent in the vicinity of the ISFET gate terminal and non-glass reference electrode to a first known value pH;'}, {'sub': GS1', '1, 'obtaining a corresponding value Vby performing the biasing and measuring steps on the effluent at the known pH; and'}, {'sub': 0', 'GS1', '1, 'calibrating the probe by modifying an intercept point Ein the calibration curve, using the values Vand pH.'}], 'periodically, while obtaining measurements of the effluent pH, performing an in situ calibration of the probe, by'}8. The method of wherein the calibration curve is of the form{'br': None, 'i': V', '=C', 'E, 'sub': GS', '2', '0, '·pH+, where'}{'sub': 'GS', 'Vis the gate-source voltage of the ISFET obtained in the measuring step;'}{'sub': '2', 'Cis a predetermined value representing the slope of the curve;'}pH is the pH of the effluent; and{'sub': '0', 'Eis a predetermined value representing the intercept ...

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Номер записи: 82
15-01-2015 дата публикации

ANALYTE SENSING DEVICE

Номер: US20150014164A1
Автор: Andrew James Alan, Lee Eric, Leonard Lee, Vu Thang Huy
Принадлежит: Senova Systems, Inc.

Analyte sensing devices suitable for measuring pH or other analytes are provided in a variety of form factors, including a hand-held device.

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Номер записи: 83
03-02-2022 дата публикации

CHEMICAL ACTUATORS

Номер: US20220032259A1
Автор: EVANS Parker, Northcutt Robert, SUNDARESAN Vishnu Baba
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein are chemical actuators and ionic motive force transducers. The actuators and transducers are capable of converting an electrical stimulus into an ionic gradient within a reaction volume. 125-. (canceled)26. An ionic motive force transducer , comprising a chamber defining a volume;a working electrode disposed on one side of the chamber,a counter electrode disposed opposite the working electrode, anda reference electrode;wherein the working electrode comprises a doped, conductive polymer in communication with a conductive substrate.27. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the working electrode and counter electrode are in electrical communication with a processor.28. The transducer according to claim 27 , wherein the processor is configured to provide an electrical stimulus to the conductive substrate.29. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the chamber defines a dish.30. The transducer according to claim 29 , wherein the dish comprises a base and at least one side wall.31. The transducer according to claim 30 , wherein the dish comprises a base and a cylindrical side wall.32. The transducer according to claim 30 , wherein the dish comprises a base and a plurality of straight side walls.33. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the chamber defines a channel.34. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the conductive polymer comprises a poly(pyrrole) claim 26 , poly(acetylene) claim 26 , poly(aniline) claim 26 , poly(p-phenylene vinylene) claim 26 , poly(fluorene) claim 26 , poly(phenylene) claim 26 , poly(pyrene) claim 26 , poly(azulene) claim 26 , poly(naphthalene) claim 26 , poly(carbazole) claim 26 , poly(indole) claim 26 , poly(azepine) claim 26 , poly(thiophene) poly(p-phenylene sulfide) claim 26 , poly(furan) claim 26 , or a copolymer thereof.35. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the conductive polymer comprises a poly(pyrrole).36. The transducer according to claim 26 , wherein the conductive ...

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Номер записи: 84
15-01-2015 дата публикации

MOLECULAR SENSOR BASED ON VIRTUAL BURIED NANOWIRE

Номер: US20150017740A1
Автор: Rosenwaks Yossi, Shalev Gil
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a method and a system based on a multi-gate field effect transistor for sensing molecules in a gas or liquid sample. The said FET transistor comprises dual gate lateral electrodes (and optionally a back gate electrode) located on the two sides of an active region, and a sensing surface on top of the said active region. Applying voltages to the lateral gate electrodes, creates a conductive channel in the active region, wherein the width and the lateral position of the said channel can be controlled. Enhanced sensing sensitivity is achieved by measuring the channels conductivity at a plurality of positions in the lateral direction. The use of an array of the said FTE for electronic nose is also disclosed. 1. A system for sensing at least one type of molecules in a gas or liquid sample , comprising: 1) a piece of semiconductor with a first region extending between a source region and a drain region, and left and right lateral regions extending along the first region on different sides;', '2) left and right lateral gate electrodes that respectively produce an electric field in the left and right lateral regions, creating a conducting channel in the first region when appropriate voltages are applied to them, a position of the conducting channel depending on the applied voltages;', '3) a sensing surface adjacent to the first region, that molecules of the at least one type adhere to when the sensing surface is exposed to the molecules, the conductivity of the conducting channel being measurably affected by a local concentration of the adhering molecules near the position of the conducting channel; and, 'a) at least one multi-gate field effect transistor, comprisingb) a controller adapted to successively apply different voltages to the lateral gate electrodes of the transistor, and move the conducting channel to a plurality of different positions, and at each position to measure its conductivity and determine a local concentration of the ...

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Номер записи: 85
19-01-2017 дата публикации

TEST STRIP AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE CONTENT OF ALCOHOL IN BLOOD, OR OF ANY OTHER SUBSTANCE IN BLOOD, AND A METHOD FOR MEASURING THE CONTENT OF ALCOHOL IN BLOOD

Номер: US20170016044A1
Автор: KOLEHMAINEN Kari, VARTIAINEN IIkka, VARTIAINEN Riikka
Принадлежит: PAL Finland Oy

A test strip for measuring the blood alcohol content from blood includes a base material and two electrodes attached to it and a reaction area connected to both electrodes, to which area nicotin—amide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH) are applied as reagents. A sample opening is connected to the reaction area, from which opening the blood sample to be measured can be transferred to the reaction area to dissolve the reagents and optional auxiliary substances, and at the same time into contact with both electrodes. Between the electrodes can thus be formed a potential difference which makes possible the movement of the protons (H) formed in the reaction towards a negatively charged working electrode, whereby a measurable change in current is formed. The invention further relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the blood alcohol content from blood. 1. A test strip for measuring the blood alcohol content from blood , the test strip comprising a base material and two electrodes , attached to it and a reaction area connected to both electrodes , to which reaction area nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH) are applied as reagents , and optionally one or more auxiliary substances , a sample opening in connection with the reaction area , from which sample opening the blood sample to be measured can be transferred to the reaction area to dissolve the reagents and optional auxiliary substances , and at the same time into contact with both electrodes , between which can be formed a potential difference which makes possible the movement of the protons (H) formed in the reaction towards a negatively charged working electrode , whereby a measurable change in current is formed.2. The test strip as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrodes are graphite electrodes.3. The test strip as claimed in claim 1 , to the reaction area of which saccharose and bovine serum albumin (BSA) are applied as auxiliary ...

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Номер записи: 86
19-01-2017 дата публикации

Reference electrode insert for an electrochemical test cell

Номер: US20170016844A1
Автор: Matthias Hahn, Michael Hahn
Принадлежит: EL-CELL GmbH

A reference electrode insert ( 14 ) for an electrochemical test cell ( 10 ), in particular for testing lithium ion cells, comprising a reference electrode ( 46 ) and a sleeve ( 15 ) for holding the reference electrode ( 46 ), characterised in that the sleeve ( 15 ) and the annular reference electrode ( 46 ) form a structural unit, the reference electrode ( 46 ) being secured firmly and captively in the sleeve in an encapsulated manner.

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Номер записи: 87
19-01-2017 дата публикации

FLEXIBLE ELECTRICAL DEVICES AND METHODS

Номер: US20170016848A1
Автор: Liang Zhiyong, Smithyman Jesse
Принадлежит:

Flexible electrical devices are provided that include a coated inner carbon nanotube electrode that has an exterior surface, an outer carbon nanotube electrode disposed on the exterior surface of the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode, and an overlap region in which the coated inner carbon nanotube electrode and the outer carbon nanotube electrode overlap one another, in which the device has a fiber-like geometry and first and second electrode ends. Methods are provided for fabricating an electrical component that includes a flexible electrical component having a fiber-like geometry and includes carbon nanotube electrodes. 1. A method for fabricating an electrical component , the method comprising:providing an inner electrode which comprises one or more carbon nanotube fibers;coating the inner electrode with a polymer electrolyte to form a polymer-coated inner electrode having an exterior surface; andattaching an outer electrode, which comprises carbon nanotube sheets, to at least a portion of the exterior surface of the polymer-coated inner electrode,thereby forming a flexible electrical component having a fiber geometry.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein before the coating claim 1 , the inner electrode is at least partially submerged in an electrolyte solution while an electrical charge is applied across the inner electrode.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the exterior surface of the polymer-coated inner electrode comprises a cylindrical surface.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the attaching comprises attaching the outer electrode around the cylindrical surface to form an overlap region.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the overlap region is in an elongated cylindrical shape claim 4 , such that the flexible electrical device is a coaxial electrode.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner carbon nanotube electrode comprises one or more filaments of a carbon nanotube yarn.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the outer electrode is not attached to at least ...

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Номер записи: 88
19-01-2017 дата публикации

METHODS, APPARATUSES, AND SYSTEMS FOR STABILIZING NANO-ELECTRONIC DEVICES IN CONTACT WITH SOLUTIONS

Номер: US20170016852A1
Автор: Lindsay Stuart, PANG Pei
Принадлежит:

An apparatus for identifying and/or sequencing one or more molecules including a first sensing electrode and a second sensing electrode separated from the first electrode by a gap. An electrolyte is contained within the gap. The surfaces of the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode are functionalized with adaptor molecules for solution contacting the one or more molecules. The apparatus also includes a reference electrode in contact with the electrolyte and coupled to one of the sensing electrodes. 1. An apparatus for identifying and/or sequencing one or more molecules , comprising:a first sensing electrode;a second sensing electrode separated from the first electrode by a gap, an electrolyte contained within the gap, the surfaces of the first sensing electrode and the second sensing electrode functionalized with adaptor molecules for contacting the one or more molecules; anda reference electrode in contact with the electrolyte and coupled to one of the sensing electrodes.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a voltage source for coupling the reference electrode with one of the sensing electrodes claim 1 , wherein the voltage source is configured to hold the sensing electrode at a constant potential difference with respect to the reference electrode. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/944,322 titled “METHODS, APPARATUSES AND SYSTEMS FOR STABILIZING NANO-ELECTRIC DEVICES IN CONTACT WITH SOLUTIONS”, filed Feb. 25, 2014, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.This invention was made with government support under grant no. R01 HG006323 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The United States government has certain rights in the inventions.A nanoscale electronic device for detecting and analyzing single molecules based on recognition tunneling (RT) has been described previously (see, e.g., U.S. patent application publication no. 2014/0113386), which uses ...

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Номер записи: 89
17-01-2019 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF FLUORINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS WITH THE AID OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASURING CHAIN

Номер: US20190016604A1
Автор: Becker Andreas, KOHNKE Hans-Joachim, Lacroix Marc, Pernice Holger
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to processes for producing fluorine-containing compounds by means of precipitation reactions from solutions containing fluoride ions wherein the pH value is determined using an electrochemical measuring chain and to electrochemical measuring chains for determining pH values. 1. A process for producing a fluorine-containing compound by a precipitation reaction , wherein the fluorine-containing compound is precipitated from a reaction medium and wherein during the course of the precipitation reaction the pH value of the reaction medium is determined using an electrochemical measuring chain.2. The process as claimed in wherein the fluorine-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of at least one alkali metal fluoride claim 1 , an alkali metal hydrogenfluoride claim 1 , an alkaline earth metal fluoride claim 1 , an alkaline earth metal hydrogenfluoride claim 1 , a transition metal fluoride claim 1 , a fluoride of an element of the third main group claim 1 , an ammonium fluoride claim 1 , an alkali metal fluoroaluminate claim 1 , an alkaline earth metal fluoroaluminate claim 1 , hydrates thereof claim 1 , HF adducts thereof and mixtures thereof.3. The process as claimed in wherein the fluorine-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of KAlF claim 1 , KAlF claim 1 , KAlF claim 1 , CsAlF claim 1 , CsAlF claim 1 , CsAlF claim 1 , LiAlF claim 1 , LiAlF claim 1 , LiAlF claim 1 , NaAlF claim 1 , NaAlF claim 1 , NaAlF claim 1 , KBF claim 1 , BaF claim 1 , KHF claim 1 , NHF claim 1 , NHF claim 1 , hydrates thereof claim 1 , HF adducts thereof and mixtures thereof.4. The process as claimed in wherein the reaction medium contains fluoride ions at commencement of the precipitation reaction and hydroxide ions are added to the reaction medium during the precipitation reaction.5. The process as claimed in wherein the reaction medium contains hydroxide ions at commencement of the precipitation reaction and fluoride ions ...

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Номер записи: 90
18-01-2018 дата публикации

GAS SENSOR

Номер: US20180017520A1
Автор: ICHIKAWA Hiroki, NAKATO Mitsunobu, Todo Yusuke, YOTO Hiroaki
Принадлежит:

A gas sensor includes a sensor element. The sensor element includes; a solid electrolyte body that has oxygen ion conductivity and includes a first main surface exposed to a gas to be measured and a second main surface exposed to a reference gas; a sensor electrode that is provided on the first main surface and detects a specific gas component in the gas to be measured; and a reference electrode that is provided on the second main surface. The sensor electrode is made of a Pt—Rh alloy that contains 30 mass % to 70 mass % Pt and 70 mass % to 30 mass % Rh, when an overall noble metal component is 100 mass %. A variation amount of the Rh content of the Pt—Rh alloy from an outermost surface to a depth of 350 nm in a thickness direction of the sensor electrode is within a range of up to 10 mass %. 1. A gas sensor comprising:a sensor element that detects gas concentration, a solid electrolyte body that has oxygen ion conductivity, the solid electrolyte body including a first main surface that is exposed to a gas to be measured and a second main surface that is exposed to a reference gas;', 'a sensor electrode that is provided on the first main surface of the solid electrolyte body, and detects a specific gas component in the gas to be measured; and', 'a reference electrode that is provided on the second main surface of the solid electrolyte body,', 'the sensor electrode being made of a Pt—Rh alloy that contains 30 mass % to 70 mass % Pt and 70 mass % to 30 mass % Rh, when an overall noble metal component is 100 mass %,', 'a variation amount of the Rh content of the Pt—Rh alloy from an outermost surface of the sensor electrode to a depth of 350 nm in a thickness direction of the sensor electrode being within a range of up to 10 mass %., 'the sensor element comprising2. The gas sensor according to claim 1 , wherein:particles configuring the Pt—Rh alloy are within a range of 0.5 μm to 5 μm in size.3. The gas sensor according to claim 1 , wherein: a measured gas chamber into ...

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Номер записи: 91
17-01-2019 дата публикации

ELECTRODE TIP

Номер: US20190017953A1
Автор: IKEGAWA Miho, INOUE Kumi, Ito Takahiro, Matsue Tomokazu, SHIKU Hitoshi
Принадлежит: TOHOKU UNIVERSITY

An electrode tip including one auxiliary cell and a plurality of measurement cells on a substrate, where the auxiliary cell includes a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and an auxiliary cell-side working electrode, the measurement cell includes a driving electrode and a measurement cell-side working electrode, and the auxiliary cell-side working electrode and the measurement cell-side working electrode are electrically connected. 1. An electrode tip comprising one auxiliary cell and a plurality of measurement cells on a substrate , whereinthe auxiliary cell comprises a reference electrode, a counter electrode, and an auxiliary cell-side working electrode,the measurement cell comprises a driving electrode and a measurement cell-side working electrode, andthe auxiliary cell-side working electrode and the measurement cell-side working electrode are electrically connected.2. The electrode tip according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement cell-side working electrode is surrounded by the driving electrode in the measurement cell.3. The electrode tip according to claim 1 , wherein a surface area of the auxiliary cell-side working electrode is larger than surface areas of a plurality of the measurement cell-side working electrodes.4. The electrode tip according to claim 1 , wherein a surface area of the auxiliary cell-side working electrode is larger than a surface area of any one of the measurement cell-side working electrodes.5. The electrode tip according to claim 1 , wherein a surface area of one of the driving electrodes is larger than a surface area of one of the measurement cell-side working electrodes.6. The electrode tip according to claim 1 , wherein a surface area of the counter electrode is larger than a surface area of the auxiliary cell-side working electrode.7. The electrode tip according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a surface area of the driving electrode to a surface area of the measurement cell-side working electrode is 2000% to 8000%.8. The ...

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Номер записи: 92
17-01-2019 дата публикации

System and Method for Single-Step ELISA via Local pH Modulation

Номер: US20190017954A1
Автор: Fomina Nadezda, Johnson Christopher, Lang Christoph, Shin Young Shik, Staley Patrick
Принадлежит:

A method for detecting a presence and/or a concentration of a target substance in a reagent solution using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) includes binding the target substance directly or indirectly to an electrode, and binding a detection agent directly or indirectly to the bound target substance. The method further includes modulating a pH of only a portion of the reagent solution in which the bound target substance and the bound detection agent are located using the electrode, the modulated pH of the portion of the reagent solution causing the bound detection agent to undergo a change, and detecting the change in the bound detection agent. The detected change corresponds to the presence of the target substance in the reagent solution and/or the concentration of the target substance in the reagent solution. 1. A method for detecting a presence and/or a concentration of a target substance in a reagent solution using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) comprising:binding the target substance directly or indirectly to an electrode;binding a detection agent directly or indirectly to the bound target substance;modulating a pH of only a portion of the reagent solution in which the bound detection agent is located using the electrode, the modulated pH of the portion of the reagent solution causing the bound detection agent to undergo a change; anddetecting the change in the bound detection agent, the detected change corresponding to the presence of the target substance in the reagent solution and/or the concentration of the target substance in the reagent solution.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:binding a capture agent to the electrode; andbinding the target substance directly or indirectly to the capture agent.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detection agent includes a pH-sensitive reporter claim 1 , the method further comprising:energizing the electrode with a direct current electrical signal for a predetermined time period to ...

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Номер записи: 93
17-01-2019 дата публикации

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ANALYTE DETECTION USING FLUORINATED PHTHALOCYANINES

Номер: US20190017955A1
Автор: Carrión Erik N., Gorun Sergiu M., Trashin Stanislav, Wael Karolien De
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatus for detecting an analyte using fluorinated phthalocyanines is disclosed herein. A method for detecting an analyte includes illuminating an analyte solution which contacts an electrode comprising a conductive material having a photosensitizer coupled thereto to generate a reactive oxygen species, wherein the photosensitizer is a fluorinated pthalocyanine having a metal or a non-metal center, oxidizing an analyte present in the analyte solution with the reactive oxygen species to form an oxidized analyte, and detecting a current resulting from the reduction of the oxidized analyte at the electrode. 1. An electrode , comprising:a conductive material; anda photosensitizer coupled to the conductive material,wherein the photosensitizer is a fluorinated phthalocyanine having a metal or a non-metal center.2. The electrode of claim 1 , further comprising:a support particle having the photosensitizer disposed on surfaces thereof.3. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated phthalocyanine having the metal or the non-metal center has the following chemical formula:{'br': None, 'sub': x', 'y, 'FCPcM'}wherein M is the metal or the non-metal center, Pc is phthalocyanine, x ranges from 1 to 64, and y ranges from 0 to 64.4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Zn claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , low-spin Fe claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Sb claim 1 , P claim 1 , Si claim 1 , and H.6. The electrode of claim 5 , where the support particles are selected from the group consisting of TiO claim 5 , SiO claim 5 , AlO claim 5 , ZnO) claim 5 , FeO claim 5 , FeO claim 5 , FeO claim 5 , ZrO claim 5 , and mixtures thereof.7. The electrode of claim 1 , further comprising:a second conductive material, the second conductive material electrically insulated from the conductive material.8. An electrochemical cell claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, ...

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Номер записи: 94
17-01-2019 дата публикации

Method and device for monitoring and/or determining the condition of a measuring probe

Номер: US20190017961A1
Автор: Daniel Jungo
Принадлежит: Mettler Toledo Schweiz GmbH

The operation of a measuring probe used for measuring at least one property of a process material is monitored or determined while the measuring probe is in use. The measured property can be a pH measurement, or a CO 2 or oxygen concentration of the process material. The measuring probe has an electrode with a sensing element. When the sensing element is in contact with the process material, the electrode delivers a measurement signal to the measurement signal circuit, where the electrode voltage is related to the measured property. The signal-processing unit determines a measurement quantity of the measured property using the measurement signal. When a test signal is delivered by the signal source to the test signal circuit during a verification phase, a coupling element ensures galvanic isolation between the measurement signal circuit and the test signal circuit.

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Номер записи: 95
17-01-2019 дата публикации

SENSORS EMPLOYING A P-N SEMICONDUCTING OXIDE HETEROSTRUCTURE AND METHODS OF USING THEREOF

Номер: US20190017981A1
Автор: Dutta Prabir K., Sun Chenhu
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein are p-n metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) heterostructure-based sensors and systems. The sensors and systems described herein can include sensing element that comprises a first region comprising a p-type MOS material (e.g., NiO) and a second region comprising an n-type MOS material (e.g., InO). These sensors and systems can exhibit sensitivity and selectivity to NHat ppb levels, while discriminating against CO, NO, or a combination thereof at concentrations a thousand-fold higher (ppm) and spread over a considerable range (0-20 ppm). These sensors and systems can be used to detect and/or quantify NH3 in samples, including biological samples (e.g., breath samples) and combustion gases. 1. A sensor device for sensing NHin a gas sample , the sensor device comprising a sensing element comprising:a first region comprising a p-type metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) material comprising NiO; and{'sub': 2', '3, 'a second region comprising an n-type MOS material comprising InO;'}wherein the first region is adjacent to and contacts the second region.2. The sensor device of claim 1 , wherein the p-type MOS material consists of NiO.3. The sensor device of or claim 1 , wherein the n-type MOS material consists of InO.4. The sensor device of any of - claim 1 , wherein the sensor device further comprises:a first electrode established within the first region;a second electrode established within the second region; andwiring interconnecting the first and second electrodes;{'sub': '3', 'wherein a measured resistance along the wiring is indicative of the presence of NHin a gas interfacing with the sensing element.'}5. The sensor device of claim 4 , further comprising a platform assembly maintaining the first and second electrodes as part of an electrode lead array selectively contacting the sensing element.6. The sensor device of claim 5 , wherein the platform assembly is configured to selectively alter a location of contact of the first electrode within the first region ...

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Номер записи: 96
22-01-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL STRIP AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20150021179A1
Автор: HUANG Chuan-Hsing
Принадлежит:

An electrochemical strip is disclosed. The electrochemical strip includes a substrate and an electrode deposited on the substrate. The electrode includes a conductive paste layer, a first metal layer, a second metal layer, a third metal layer, and a fourth metal layer. The conductive paste is made of a material selected from the group consisting of copper paste, nickel paste, silver paste, and silver-carbon paste. The first metal layer is made of a group VIII metal. The second metal layer is made of nickel. The third metal layer is made of a group VIII metal. The fourth metal layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of palladium, gold, and platinum. 1. A manufacturing method of an electrochemical strip , comprising steps of:providing a substrate; and printing a conductive paste layer on the substrate;', 'printing a carbon layer on a first region of the conductive paste layer;', 'etching a second region excluding the first region of the conductive paste layer;', 'chemically plating a first metal layer on the second region of the conductive paste layer;', 'chemically plating a second metal layer on the first metal layer;', 'chemically plating a third metal layer on the second metal layer; and', 'chemically plating a fourth metal layer on the third metal layer;', 'wherein the first metal layer is made of a group VIII metal, the second metal layer is made of nickel (Ni), the third metal layer is made of a group VIII metal, and the fourth metal layer is made of a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium (Pd), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt)., 'disposing an electrode layer on the substrate, which comprising steps of2. The manufacturing method of the electrochemical strip as recited in claim 1 , wherein the step of providing the substrate is providing a material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) claim 1 , polycarbonate (PC) claim 1 , polyimide claim 1 , glass fiber and phenolic resin.3. The manufacturing ...

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Номер записи: 97
22-01-2015 дата публикации

Amperometric gas sensor

Номер: US20150021203A1
Автор: Elizabeth H. Schenk, Michael A. Centanni, Peter A. Burke
Принадлежит: Steris Corp

The disclosed invention relates to an amperometric gas sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte, comprising: a solid support; and a working electrode in contact with the solid support; wherein the analyte comprises a dopant which when in contact with the solid support increases the electrical conductivity of the solid support. A sterilization process employing the amperometric gas sensor is disclosed.

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Номер записи: 98
21-01-2021 дата публикации

SP3 SUBSTITUTED CARBON ELECTRODE ANALYSIS

Номер: US20210018460A1
Автор: OMahony Seamus
Принадлежит:

One embodiment provides a method for oxidizing a component in a fluid sample, including: introducing, in a reaction chamber of a total analyte analyzer, a fluid sample comprising a component, wherein the reaction chamber includes an electrochemical cell and wherein the electrochemical cell comprises at least one SP3 substituted solid carbon electrode doped with a conductivity elevating composition; applying, using a generator, a potential to the at least one SP3 substituted solid carbon electrode, the potential being sufficient to oxidize the component in the fluid sample to produce carbonate and partially oxidized organics; introducing, in the reaction chamber, a base and thereafter an acid to oxidize the total analyte; and detecting, using at least one detector, the total analyte produced by the oxidation. Other embodiments are described and claimed. 1. A method for oxidizing a component in a fluid sample , comprising:introducing, in a reaction chamber of a total analyte analyzer, a fluid sample comprising a component, wherein the reaction chamber includes an electrochemical cell and wherein the electrochemical cell comprises at least one SP3 substituted solid carbon electrode doped with a conductivity elevating composition;applying, using a generator, a potential to the at least one SP3 substituted solid carbon electrode, the potential being sufficient to oxidize the component in the fluid sample to produce carbonate and partially oxidized organics;introducing, in the reaction chamber, a base and thereafter an acid to oxidize the total analyte; anddetecting, using at least one detector, the total analyte produced by the oxidation.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the total analyte is selected from the group consisting of total organic carbon claim 1 , total inorganic carbon claim 1 , total nitrogen claim 1 , and total phosphorus.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductivity elevating composition comprises boron.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acid ...

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Номер записи: 99
28-01-2016 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FLUID TESTING

Номер: US20160022172A1
Автор: Frandsen Jorgen
Принадлежит:

Implementations disclosed herein provide a method of determining a quantity of an electrochemically convertible substance in a fluid sample, the method comprising introducing the fluid sample into an electrochemical sensor, wherein at least a portion of the fluid sample is electrochemically converted to produce an electrical output from the electrochemical sensor, measuring the electrical output from the electrochemical sensor on a periodic basis to produce sensor measurements, inputting a first subset of the sensor measurements into a first computation to yield first computation analysis results, inputting a second subset of the sensor measurements and the first computation analysis results into a second computation to yield second computation analysis results, and calculating the quantity of the electrochemically convertible substance in the fluid sample by applying a third computation to the first computation analysis results and the second computation analysis results. 1. A method of determining a quantity of an electrochemically convertible substance in a fluid sample , the method comprising:introducing the fluid sample into an electrochemical sensor, wherein at least a portion of the fluid sample is electrochemically converted to produce an electrical output from the electrochemical sensor;measuring the electrical output from the electrochemical sensor on a periodic basis to produce sensor measurements;inputting a first subset of the sensor measurements into a first computation to yield first computation analysis results;inputting a second subset of the sensor measurements and the first computation analysis results into a second computation to yield second computation analysis results; andcalculating the quantity of the electrochemically convertible substance in the fluid sample by applying a third computation to the first computation analysis results and the second computation analysis results.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising solving for a ...

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Номер записи: 100