СПОСОБ НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩЕЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ ПРОБЫ ВОРСОВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ, ПУШНО-МЕХОВОГО СЫРЬЯ И ПОЛУФАБРИКАТА К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Группа изобретений относится к меховой, текстильной, швейной промышленности, а также сельскому хозяйству и измерительной технике, и предназначено для изучения свойств меха и ворсовых материалов. Устройство для неразрушающей подготовки пробы ворсовых материалов, пушно-мехового сырья и полуфабриката к исследованию включает основание и подвижные щупы. Щупы выполнены в виде двух параллельных пластин, каждая из которых содержит рабочую и крепежную зону на одном из ребер. Крепежная зона каждой пластины закреплена на основании с образованием вращательной пары, с возможностью разведения пластин в разные стороны, а в рабочей зоне ребра пластин образуют зазор с основанием. Расстояние между пластинами соответствует ширине заданной пробы образца исследуемого материала. Длина рабочей зоны пластин составляет, по меньшей мере, половину максимального размера образца материала. Способ заключается в размещении исследуемого материала в зазоре между подвижно скрепленными между собой основанием и щупами. Разводят ...

ИНДИКАТОРНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО

Изобретение относится к индикаторным устройствам, определяющим старение объектов из пластмассы, и в данном случае, определяющим старение защитной каски. Индикаторное устройство содержит первый несущий материал и первый пигмент, размещенный в первом несущем материале. Первый пигмент способен разрушаться под воздействием ультрафиолетового излучения. Первый несущий материал выполнен с изменяющейся толщиной так, что при воздействии ультрафиолетового излучения происходит видимое изменение пигмента, что приводит к изменяющемуся видимому изменению на первой поверхности первого несущего материала. В качестве второго объекта рассматривается защитная каска с упомянутым индикаторным устройством. Изобретение обеспечивает точное отражение степени старения материала объекта. 2 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил.

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ПОГЛОЩЕННОЙ ВЛАГИ В КОМПОЗИТНОМ МАТЕРИАЛЕ

Группа изобретений относится к измерению содержания влаги в композитных материалах, имеющих полимерный связующий материал. Представлена система для измерения поглощенной влаги в композитном материале, характеризующаяся тем, что она включает: изделие из композитного материала, включающее множество слоев материала, уплотненного посредством действия давления и теплоты, в котором каждый слой материала получают из матрицы смолы, армированной волоконным материалом, вставку, заделанную в указанном композитном материале, которая установлена между первым и вторым из указанных слоев материала, в ограниченной зоне поверхности раздела, вне которой указанные первый и второй слои материала являются смежными, причем в указанной вставке сформирована, по меньшей мере, одна полость, которая находится в гидравлическом сообщении с указанными первым и вторым слоями материала, и датчик окружающей влажности, установленный внутри указанной полости и способный создавать сигнал, указывающий содержание влаги в атмосфере ...

СПОСОБ ОЦЕНКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОЛИМЕРНОЙ ТРУБЫ

Изобретение относится к оценке состояния полимерной трубы в процессе эксплуатации. Способ заключается в том, что отбирают образец из полимерной трубы, на этом образце определяют показатели, характеризующие физико-химические, физико-механические свойства трубы и ее ремонтопригодность, и по ним оценивают состояние трубы, при осуществлении которого образец отбирают из стенки трубы во время установки на трубу седлового отвода и он представляет собой фрагмент стенки трубы, извлеченный из стенки трубы в процессе установки седлового отвода, в качестве показателей используют физико-механические показатели - предел текучести материала фрагмента стенки трубы, относительное удлинение при разрыве и относительное удлинение при пределе текучести, физико-химический показатель - индукционный период окисления; показатель ремонтопригодности - свариваемость материала образца. Достигается упрощение и ускорение оценки. 9 з.п. ф-лы, 3 пр., 4 ил.

Автоматизированная система исследования полимерных и композиционных материалов

Настоящее изобретение относится к автоматизированной системе исследования полимерных и композитных материалов, включающей термокамеру, систему программного управления температурой в термокамере, систему сбора, обработки и представления информации, систему программного управления, реализующую автоматизированное выполнение программ исследования, отличающейся тем, что дополнительно введены система определения геометрических параметров образца, система подачи ВЧ-сигнала в термокамеру, система исполнительных механизмов (например, шагового двигателя) с обратной связью, система бесперебойного энергообеспечения заданного уровня силового и опорного напряжения, система фильтрации сигналов с датчиков на аппаратном и программном уровне, причем термокамера конструктивно выполнена так, что в нее встроен рабочий конденсатор, где размещается испытуемый образец. Настоящее изобретение обеспечивает повышение точности и оперативности определения электрофизических параметров и температурных границ фазово-релаксационных ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ РЕЗИНОВЫХ ИЛИ ПЛАСТИКОВЫХ НИТЕЙ

... 1. Устройство для оценки технического состояния поверхности нитей, изготовленных из резины или пластика, включающее в себя температурный генератор, температурный датчик, интерфейс, анализатор изображения и элемент принятия решения, отличающееся тем, что упомянутое устройство содержит инфракрасный датчик (3), расположенный над исследуемой структурой нити (1) на подходящем расстоянии (h), в противоотражающем кожухе (4), причем температурный генератор (2), за которым расположены термочувствительные элементы (6 и 7), обеспечивает равномерность градиента температуры по всей поверхности исследуемой структуры нити (1).2. Способ оценки технического состояния поверхности нитей, изготовленных из резины или пластика, отличающийся тем, что сигналы от термочувствительных элементов (6, 7), измеряющих градиент температуры, и сигнал от измерительного преобразователя (5) для неконтактного и/или контактного измерения скорости движения нити (1), а также изображение от интерфейса датчика (8) передают на анализатор ...

Mol. wt. determn. from gel permeation chromatograms - calibrated by specimens with known values using nonlinear regression

Mol.wt. of macro-molecular polymers is determined by a gel permeation chromatographic unit of known type having a column filled with sepn. medium, e.g. polystyrol or kieselgel. Specimen concn. is recorded in relation to elution vol. Chromatograms are derived for a number of specimens with known mol.wt. and used in conjunction with a non-linear regression method in matching unknown parameters to a calibration relation between measured elution vols. and the corresp. mol.wt. The calibration relation provided in the column, to be electronically processed by a computer is based on measured volumes and mathematical constants. ADVANTAGE - Precise method involves min. calculation and determine mol.wts. over entire sepn. range of chromatographic amt. mol.wts.

Plastics seal damage detection method

The seal damage detection method uses an earth electrode (5), a cooperating counter electrode (6) inserted in the sealed material and compensation electrodes (4;41,42) installed in an outer annular edge strip (3) of the plastics seal (1) which is insulated from the sealed material. All of the electrodes are coupled to a measuring and evaluation circuit which uses the difference in the resistance between the earth and counter electrodes and the resistance between the compensation electrodes for determining the insulation resistance of the seal.

Analysis of non-conducting solids by surface spark discharge

Repeated discharges (13) between electrodes (11,12) near the surface of the material (10) result in a drop of breakdown voltage with increasing number of discharges. The pattern is typical of the material, especially plastics, and is used to identify it.

Transparency, opacity and cloudiness measuring method, uses paper or foil sample fed manually through measuring slit where it is clamped between light source and photodetector

Method uses a relatively movable visible or IR light source, with a homogenous light output, for illuminating a paper or foil sample strip (3), which is manually passed through a measuring slit (2), a photodetector with a planar window for measuring the light transparency and a silicon photodetector row. Upper surface of the sample strip is clamped in direct contact with a diffusion body of the light source, with its underside in direct contact with the photodetector during passage through the measuring slit. An Independent claim for a transparency, opacity and cloudiness measuring device is also included.

Anordnung zur Vermessung der Ausbreitung eines Matrixmaterials in elektrisch leitfähigen Verstärkungsstrukturen

A MULTIDIMENSIONAL CHROMATOGRAPHIC SYSTEM

FACILITATING EXAMINATION OF BODY SURFACE

Polymer melt and elastomer extension fixture

A system for making extensional measurements on a sample (150) includes an armature (120), a motor drive shaft (110), a moveable cylinder (130), and a fixed cylinder (140). The motor drive shaft is attached to the armature. The moveable cylinder is mounted on the armature. The sample is stretched between the moveable cylinder and fixed cylinder by the rotation of the moveable cylinder around the axis of the fixed cylinder and rotation of the moveable cylinder about its own axis. The resistance of the sample produces a torque on the moveable cylinder and the fixed cylinder. The torque is measured on the moveable cylinder or on a transducer shaft attached to the fixed cylinder. The system is adaptable to a commercial rotational rheometer.

Rheometry

ISOBUTEN POLYMERIZATION PROCEDURES

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR HARDENING CONTROL

Anlage zur Bewertung des technischen Zustands der Oberfläche von Zugmitteln aus Gummi oder Kunststoff und Verfahren zur Bewertung des technischen Zustands aus Gummi oder Kunststoff

A device for assessing technical condition of the surface of strands having an infrared detector located over the examined structure of strand at appropriate distance and in an antireflection shield, whereas uniformity of the temperature gradient over the whole surface of the examined structure of strand is ensured by a temperature generator after which temperature sensors are located. A method is also provided.

VORRICHTUNG ZUM STRECKEN VON TIERHAUT

Vorrichtung (1) zum Strecken von Tierhaut (2), mit einer Auflagefläche (3) zur Auflage der Tierhaut (2), einem ersten Paar (4), und einem zweiten Paar (5) an im Wesentlichen an gegenüberliegenden Randbereichen der Tierhaut (2) befestigbaren Zugmitteln (6), wobei die Zugmittel (6) mit einer Spannvorrichtung (8) zum Beaufschlagen der Zugmittel (6) mit einer Zugspannung verbunden sind, und jedes Paar (4, 5) an Zugmitteln (6) bei einer Beaufschlagung mit der Zugspannung eine Zugspannungslinie (9) in der Tierhaut (2) bildet, wobei die Zugspannungslinie (9) des ersten Paares (4) mit der Zugspannungslinie (9) des zweiten Paares (5) einen stumpfen und/oder spitzen Winkel einschließt.

Assay for the compression behavior of a moldable material

Verfahren zum Bestimmen von mindestens einer Kenngröße zur Beschreibung des Kompressionsverhaltens eines in einer Formgebungsmaschine aufbereiteten Materials, wobei zumindest ein Teil des aufbereiteten Materials über ein Verteilersystem und einen Anschnitt in einen Formhohlraum eingebracht wird, in der das aufbereitete Material erstarrt, umfassend die Durchführung wenigstens eines Kompressionsversuches, bei welchem eine Änderung eines das Material aufnehmenden Volumens vorgenommen und eine Messung der resultierenden Druckänderung durchgeführt wird oder ein auf das Material aufgebrachter Druck geändert und eine Messung einer resultierenden Änderung des das Material aufnehmenden Volumens durchgeführt wird, wobei aus dem Ergebnis des wenigstens einen Kompressionsversuches unter Verwendung eines mathematischen Modells mindestens eine Kenngröße zur Beschreibung des Kompressionsverhaltens berechnet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der wenigstens eine Kompressionsversuch bei zumindest im Wesentlichen ...

MEASURING INSTRUMENT FOR THE COLLECTION OF THE GAS LOADING OR STEAM PRESSURE OF A LIQUID, IN PARTICULAR A FLUID PLASTIC COMPONENT

Automatic analysis plant

REGULATION OF POLYMERIZATION OR COAGULATION IN A LIQUID BY SURFACE PLASMONENRESONANZ

PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT FOR VISKOELASTIZITÄTSMESSUNG

ISOBUTEN POLYMERIZATION PROCEDURES

PLASTIC CONTAINER INSPECTION PROCESS

Apparatus and method for cure monitoring and process control in glass fiber forming operation

A system and method for determining and controlling for cure status of binder on a fibrous product are disclosed. Cure status is monitored by measuring one or more control variables and attempting to keep them within known control limits. Exemplary control variables include oven temperatures at various locations and color values of sections of the fibrous product. Sensors such as thermocouples and image capture systems sense these variables continuously online and provide input signals for a MPC processor-optimizer. The MPC optimizers balances the constraints according to a programmed optimization function and priority ranking of control variables and solves for optimal control setting on manipulatable variables, such as oven fan speed, oven setpoint temperatures and coolant water flow rate.

System and method for determining molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity of a polymeric distribution using gel permeation chromatography

Method and apparatus for sealing test materials

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TESTING REINFORCED ELASTOMERIC STRUCTURES

SINGLE-POINT MEASUREMENT OF HIGH-Z ADDITIVES IN SHEETS

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CURE MONITORING AND PROCESS CONTROL IN GLASS FIBER FORMING OPERATION

A system and method for determining and controlling for cure status of binder on a fibrous product are disclosed. Cure status is monitored by measuring one or more control variables and attempting to keep them within known control limits. Exemplary control variables include oven temperatures at various locations and color values of sections of the fibrous product. Sensors such as thermocouples and image capture systems sense these variables continuously online and provide input signals for a MPC processor-optimizer. The MPC optimizers balances the constraints according to a programmed optimization function and priority ranking of control variables and solves for optimal control setting on manipulatable variables, such as oven fan speed, oven setpoint temperatures and coolant water flow rate.

METHOD AND INSTRUMENT FOR VISCOELASTIC MEASUREMENT

An apparatus for measuring viscoelastic properties of rubbery materials is disclosed. The instrument comprises two opposed dies having temperature and pressure controling means, means for initiating oscillatory rotation of one of the dies whereby the sample is cooled during its residence between the dies and reheated whereby torque measurements are carried out during the period of cooling. A method for operating the claimed apparatus is also disclosed.

RAPID CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERS

Rapid characterization and screening of polymer samples to determine average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and other properties is disclosed. Rapid flow characterization systems and methods, including liquid chromatography and flow-injection analysis systems and methods are preferably employed. High throughput, automated sampling systems and methods, hightemperature characterization systems and methods, and rapid, indirect calibration compositions and methods are also disclosed. The described methods, systems, and devices have primary applications in combinatorial polymer research and in industrial process control.

Automatische Analysenanlage

Rubber thermal-oxidative aging dynamics test device and method of testing the thermal absorption curve

PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR THE DETECTION AND THE LOCALIZATION OF DEFECTS IN A COMPOSITE MATERIAL PART

Système chromatographique multidimensionnel

Un système multidimensionnel en ligne qui comprend un chromatographe en phase liquide relié en ligne avec une éprouvette de pyrolyse qui, à son tour, est relié en ligne avec un chromatographe en phase gazeuse. Les applications préférées utilisent un chromatographe à exclusion de grandeur couplé à une éprouvette de pyrolyse elle-même couplée à un chromatographe de gaz pour produire simultanément des informations de composition en fonction des informations de poids et/ou dimension moléculaire pour les matériaux polymères.

Process of determination of the chlorine rate in nonmetal waste.

Device for determination of the mechanical properties of a test object that has a controlled volatile compound composition, whereby the testing device includes a sheath for sealing the test object off from atmosphere

L'invention concerne un dispositif de mesure d'au moins une propriété mécanique d'un échantillon de matériau ayant une concentration en composés volatils contrôlée, ce dispositif comprenant une gaine entourant l'échantillon testé. Cet échantillon présente une teneur en composé volatil prédéterminée et la gaine est apte à isoler l'échantillon de l'atmosphère extérieure. Procédé utilisant un tel dispositif.

Measuring flexiblilty of materials - is effected in various environmental conditions by flexing material under action of weight

METHOD FOR EVALUATING IDENTITY OF POLYMERS AND SYSTEM USING SAME

The present invention relates to a method for evaluating an identity of polymers, and a system using the same. More specifically, the method for evaluating an identity of polymers according to the present invention is a new method capable of determining whether one or more polymers are identical or not with only information on a structure forming the polymers instead of determining the property by synthesizing the polymers through an actual experiment. An identity index, PohoFactor (X_i) with respect to each target polymer is developed for determining an identity of polymers, and is used by the present invention. Accordingly, the identity of the polymers can be accurately determined based on a quantitative reference through an evaluation for a correlation between identity indexes with respect to all polymers to be determined whether identified or not. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016 ...

METHOD FOR ANALYZING MACROMOLECULES

The present invention relates to a method for analyzing macromolecules. The method of the present invention can accurately measure a molecular weight and a molecular weight distribution of each polymer constituting a macromolecule, and a content ratio between polymers, regardless of whether structural differences exist between at least two polymers constituting the macromolecule. Moreover, the polymer analysis method can easily predict physical properties of the macromolecule through the measured parameters. The analysis method of the present invention comprises the steps of: convoluting a graph illustrating weight distribution of a polymer mixture and a graph convoluting weight distributions of each polymer in the polymer mixture; comparing the two graphs; calculating deviations; selecting a content ratio which show minimum deviations; and measuring a molecular weight, a molecular weight distribution, and a content ratio to other components for each component in a macromolecule. COPYRIGHT ...

NOx and SOx measuring device of boiler for power plant

Method for injecting acryl based monomer in mold for manufacturing optical material

A method and device for the dry separation of mixed garbage with waste packaging

The invention concerns a method for the dry separation of collected garbage with waste packaging that contains plastics of different polymer groups, with the following steps: separation of materials based on difference in size; separation of materials based on differences in particle shape, particle size and/or specific weight; separation of materials based on differences in magnetic properties; separation of materials based on differences in electrical properties; and separation of materials based on differences in spectroscopic properties, whereby each separating step is done at least once, an whereby removing components of mixed garbage produces a remaining stream of material that contains unrecyclable residual garbage and plastic articles from which all the plastic articles are removed together as a mixed plastic fraction, and the mixed plastic fraction is selectively separated into essentially polymer-specific fractions by means of a polymer-specific separating procedure. The invention ...

METHOD FOR OBTAINING WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF RUBBER BUFFERS AND RUBBER BUFFERS FOR VEHICLES

The invention relates to a method for obtaining wear characteristics of rubber buffers and to a rubber buffer construction, the method comprising the following steps: step 1: fitting the vehicle with rubber buffers, each rubber buffer having the following features: a rubber block (1) having a lower and an upper cover plate (2a, 2b), wherein at least one pressure-measuring cell (3) is fastened in at least one of the cover plates (2a, 2b) in such a manner that the pressure-sensing surface (3a) thereof and the inner surface of the cover plate (2a, 2b) lie in the same plane (2aE or 2bE), provision of a data-acquisition and data-storage device for acquiring and storing the measurement signals generated by the pressure-measuring cells and provision of a signalling device for emitting a malfunction signal; step 2: establishing and storing a calibration signal pattern of the new rubber buffers and defining a malfunction criterion; step 3: acquiring and storing current signal patterns; step 4: comparing ...

CURE MONITORING

Cette invention concerne une méthode de surveillance du processus de solidification d'un matériau en résine plastique. Cette méthode consiste à: (i) soumettre le matériau à un signal d'onde de compression basse fréquence caractérisé par une première fréquence, le but étant de produire dans le matériau des vibrations en résonance dont la fréquence est plus élevée que la première fréquence et; (ii) détecter et caractériser un ou plusieurs noeuds de vibration en résonance qui renseignent sur l'évolution du processus de solidification ou de durcissement.

OXIDATION REACTOR, METHOD FOR PRODUCING (METH)ACRYLIC ACID OR THE LIKE, AND METHOD FOR ANALYZING EASILY POLYMERIZABLE COMPOUND

An oxidation reactor having a manhole nozzle provided being projected from the body of the reactor, characterized in that the manhole nozzle has a partition plate separating the inside of the manhole nozzle from the inside of the reactor; the above oxidation reactor further having a means for supplying an inert gas to the inside of the manhole nozzle; a method for producing (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrolein through the catalytic gas phase oxidation of propane, propylene, or isobutylene in an oxidation reactor, characterized in that the above oxidation reactor is used; and a method for analyzing an easily polymerizable compound wherein a gas containing the easily polymerizable compound is introduced to an analyzing instrument through a sampling tube, characterized in that a double tube is used as the sampling tube and a heating medium is supplied to an outer tube thereof. The oxidation reactor allows the stable production of the above products, and the method for analysis allows the inhibition ...

DETERMINATION OF POLYMERIZATION/COAGULATION IN A FLUID

An analytical method of qualitative and optionally quantitative determination of the occurrence of polymerization/coagulation in a fluid containing polymerizable/coagulable components is described. The method comprises the steps of directing incident beams of electromagnetic radiation through a transparent support on which a film of electrically conducting material is placed, to the back of the film, at angles equal to or greater than the critical angle for total reflection, and measuring changes in the reflected beams due to changes in the surface plasmon resonance angle. Repeated measurements are correlated to the occurrence and magnitude of changes with qualitative and optionally quantitative occurrence of polymerization/coagulation in the fluid. The analytical method is not volume dependent since only one (small) surface of the measuring instrument needs to be in contact with the fluid. Further, the method can also be applied to poorly transparent fluids such as blood.

Physical property measuring device

A physical property measuring device for measurement of physical properties of a test sample piece in the form of a flexible sheet-like material is provided. The test sample piece is fed to a measuring zone of the device while being interposedly held at a whole upper end thereof between transfer arms so as to be kept hanging, to thereby minimize or substantially prevent application of any unnecessary external force thereto during transferring. In the measuring zone, the test sample piece is kept interposedly held at upper and lower portions thereof between upper clamp arms of an upper clamp mechanism and between lower clamp arms of a lower clamp mechanism and the upper and lower clamp mechanisms are actuated relative to each other to carry out measurement of desired physical properties.

Apparatus for in situ, non-invasive polymer cure determination

A method and apparatus (10) for detection of the degree of cure of a polymer in situ and non-invasively. The method and apparatus uses a solvatochromic probe molecule which upon curing produces a shift in the fluorescence emission spectrum as compared to a liquid polymerizable composition. The method and apparatus is particularly adapted for poly(vinyl) polymers. Preferred solvatochromic probe molecules are oxazones and pyrene.

Apparatus and method of research for creating and testing novel catalysts, reactions and polymers

A method and system for researching and developing and/or optimizing new catalysts and products in a combinatorial manner is disclosed. The method begins with starting components or a ligand library and provides methods of creating catalyst or product libraries, which are then tested in a reaction of interest. The system uses methods of robotic handling for moving libraries from station to station. The method and apparatus are especially useful for synthesizing, screening, and characterizing combinatorial catalyst libraries, but also offer significant advantages over conventional experimental methods as well.

Method and apparatus for sealing test materials

An improved method and apparatus for measuring the properties of thermoset plastics and viscoelastic materials. The present invention includes a seal member which inhibits the release of sample material from the die cavity of a test instrument. As a result, sufficient sample material is maintained within the die cavity when pressure is applied to the material. Accordingly, an appropriate shearing force can be applied to the sample material to obtain torque measurements. Moreover, by inhibiting the release of sample material from the die cavity, sample material is prevented from coming into contact with components of the test instrument outside the die cavity, which in turn may distort or invalidate measurements of torque.

Isobutene polymerisation process

The present application relates to a process for the continuous polymerization of isobutene while maintaining at a constant desired value a property P (viscosity or average molecular mass) of the polymer produced. The polymerization is conducted in a reactor comprising a boiling liquid reaction phase which contains the monomer and the polymer being formed, in equilibrium with a gas phase on top of the said liquid phase, by continuous introduction into the reactor of a catalyst and of a C4 hydrocarbon feed mixture comprising the monomer, and by continuous withdrawal from the reactor of the liquid reaction phase, which is subsequently subjected continuously to at least one purification step which is intended to isolate the polyisobutene produced. The process comprises the determination of a target value V of the partial pressure piC4 of the isobutene in the gas phase of the reactor corresponding to the property P, by virtue of an empirical relationship established beforehand between the property ...

AUTOMATED SAMPLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM

A sample analyser for bulk materials such as sugar cane includes a shredding means which finelly divides the material and deposits a sample on an endless conveyor (2). The sample is compressed and its upper surface (30) is levelled, to ensure a fixed presentation height relative to the reading head of an analyser (48) such as an infrared spectrometer. A plate (20) may be used to control the presentation height of a moving sample. Alternatively, the sample may be deposited in compartments mounted on the conveyor, smoothed mechanically or manually, and then moved beneath the analyser (48). Each sample is placed on top of the remnant, if any, of a previous sample, thus preventing contamination of the upper surface (30) by the latter.

Thickness/density measuring apparatus

Способ идентификации паров моноэтаноламина в газовых смесях, равновесных парах над твердыми, жидкими пробами

Изобретение относится к аналитической химии органических соединений. Способ характеризуется тем, что применяются два сенсора на основе пьезокварцевых резонаторов (ПКР) объемных акустических волн с базовой частотой колебания 10,0 МГц, на электроды которых наносят пленки из насыщенного раствора фторида калия в ацетоне, для чего электроды опускают в насыщенный раствор фторида калия в ацетоне и выдерживают в течение 10 и 5 с, после удаления свободного растворителя в течение 10 мин при температуре t = 100°C , наносятся фазы фторида калия массой 4,0 и 1,0 мкг соответственно, выдерживают их 2 мин для установления стабильности исходной частоты колебания каждого сенсора QUOTE(Гц), предварительно анализируемую твердую фазу массой 1 – 5 г измельчают, жидкую фазу объемом 10 QUOTEотбирают и выдерживают в бюксе с полиуретановой пробкой в течение 20 и 10 мин соответственно, анализируемые газовую смесь или равновесные пары над твёрдыми, жидкими пробами объемом 5 QUOTEотбирают газовым шприцем и инжектируют ...

СПОСОБ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ РАЗДИРУ РАЗДИРАЮЩИМ ЭЛЕМЕНТОМ ИЗДЕЛИЯ ИЗ ПОЛИМЕРА

Изобретение относится к способу определения сопротивления раздиру раздирающим элементом изделия из полимера заключающемуся в том, что используют образец изделия из полимера, выполняют в образце изделия из полимера два сквозных отверстия, имеющие параллельные оси, формируют зону раздира постоянной толщины, расположенную между ближайшими друг к другу стенками сквозных отверстий, пропускают раздирающий элемент через сквозные отверстия в образце изделия из полимера с образованием ветвей раздирающего элемента, располагают ветви раздирающего элемента таким образом, что они не касаются стенок сквозных отверстий и их краев, из которых выходят ветви раздирающего элемента, перемещают раздирающий элемент относительно образца до завершения прохождения раздирающего элемента через зону раздира, измеряют приложенную к раздирающему элементу силу при его перемещении и рассчитывают сопротивление раздиру раздирающим элементом изделия из полимера как отношение силы, приложенной к раздирающему элементу при ...

Способ оценки антимикробной модификации поверхности силиконового каучука

Изобретение относится к области медицины, а именно хирургии, ортопедии, трансплантологии, клинической микробиологии. Сущность изобретения заключается в том, что по уровню общего белка в биомассе, закрепившейся на поверхности исходных и модифицированных образцов силиконового каучука после экспозиции с референтными штаммами бактериальных культур и дезинтегрированной ультразвуком, оценивают эффективность антимикробной модификации поверхности. Проявление данного эффекта поддается количественному учету после 48-часовой экспозиции тестируемых образцов с бульонными культурами Staphylococcus epidermidis и Klebsiella pneumoniae. Полученные результаты обрабатывают статистически, сравнивая показатели общего белка на исходных и модифицированных образцах. Если различия достоверны, при р≤0,05 считают, что модифицированная поверхность обладает антимикробным эффектом, при р>0,05 регистрируют отсутствие антимикробного эффекта. Достигается упрощение и удешевление процедуры исследования при высокой точности ...

СПОСОБ НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩЕЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ ПРОБЫ ВОРСОВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ, ПУШНО-МЕХОВОГО СЫРЬЯ И ПОЛУФАБРИКАТА К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ПОГЛОЩЕННОЙ ВЛАГИ В КОМПОЗИТНОМ МАТЕРИАЛЕ

... 1. Система для измерения поглощенной влаги в композитном материале, характеризующаяся тем, что она включает:изделие (1) из композитного материала, включающее множество слоев материала, уплотненного посредством действия давления и теплоты, в котором каждый слой материала получают из матрицы смолы, армированной волоконным материалом,вставку (13), заделанную в указанном композитном материале, которая установлена между первым и вторым (11, 12) из указанных слоев материала, в ограниченной зоне (15) поверхности раздела, вне которой указанные первый и второй слои материала являются смежными, причем в указанной вставке сформирована, по меньшей мере, одна полость (17), которая находится в гидравлическом сообщении с указанными первым и вторым слоями материала, идатчик (20) окружающей влажности, установленный внутри указанной полости и способный создавать сигнал, указывающий содержание влаги в атмосфере, присутствующей в указанной полости.2. Система по п. 1, характеризующаяся тем, что указанная вставка ...

Способ количественного определения ди-трет-алкилпероксидных групп в пероксидных олигомерах и/со/полимерах

СПОСОБ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДИ-ГРЕГ-АЛКИЛПЕРОКСИДНЫХ ГРУПП В ПЕРОКСИДНЫХ ОЛИГОМЕ РАХ И (СО) ПОЛИМЕРАХ, заключающийся в том, что ди-грег-алкилпероксидные группы восстанавливают нафтенатом меди или кобальта в присутствии бензоина и ионола в среде органических растворителей с последующим газохроматографическим анализом продуктов реакции.

Verfahren und Gerät zur Probennahme

Einspannvorrichtung fuer hinsichtlich ihrer Festigkeit zu pruefende Gummikoerper von der Form eines Schlauchabschnitts

Polymeric materials

2-Dimensional stress relaxation testing

Measuring hardness of rubber and plastics

The invention relates to a method for measuring the hardness of rubber, plastics, etc. and a hardness tester for use therein, characterized in that a feeler of the hardness tester is brought into contact with the surface of a test material, the amount of displacement of the feeler is converted into electric signals, the variation of hardness from the maximum value directly after the testing to the stabilized value after the lapse of a preset space of time is measured, and the temperature of the test material is taken synchronously with the hardness testing. The hardness tester comprises a hardness sensor for detecting the displacement of the feeler of the hardness tester in terms of a variation in voltage, an evaluation unit for converting the variation in voltage into a digital signal for hardness, a maximum value detecting circuit connected with the evaluation unit, a time presetting switch part, a timer, and a display part for making a digital display of the variation from the maximum ...

Rubber testing

Improvements in or relating to apparatus for testing filamentary materials

... 601,486. Testing physical properties of threads, cords, wires, &c. COURTAULDS. Ltd., and BERRY, J. K. Oct. 3, 1945, No. 25670. [Class 106 (ii)] Apparatus for subjecting fibres, threads, cords, wires, &c. to repeated tensile stresses comprises two members 1, 2, rotated in synchronism, which hold the ends of the cords &c. 5 so that the latter are tensioned, the member 2 being inclined relatively to the member 1 so that each cord 5 is stretched and relaxed during each rotation of the members, and means such as a screw micrometer 11 for adjusting the distance between the members 1, 2 during operation of the apparatus whereby any permanent extension of the cords 5 can be taken up and measured. The members 1, 2 are circular plates provided with clamps 3. 4, respectively, to grip the cords. Each clamp 3 comprises a steel wing-nut and a wrought iron bolt, and the circular plate 1 is of aluminium, this arrangement ensuring an increase in clamping pressure with rise of temperature. Each clamp 4 is ...

Improvements in or relating to testing apparatus

... 603,630. Refrigerators. FIRESTONE TIRE & RUBBER CO. Dec. 21, 1945, No. 34707. Convention date, Dec. 30, 1944. [Class 29] [Also in Group XIX] Apparatus for testing samples of an elastomer (see Group XIX) is associated with a refrigerator. The samples are placed on a turntable 18 which may be rotated by an electric motor (not shown) by means of a shaft 25 which is mounted in bearings at either end of an aperture in the refrigerator wall, the clearance between the shaft and the wall permitting moisture to condense without affecting the driving of the shaft. A metal detent 43 may be operated from outside the refrigerator to prevent rotation of the turntable by means of an enlarged portion of low conductivity to which the metal portion is secured, the whole being mounted in a sleeve with a space for moisture condensation. A loading rod 49, of a material having a low conductivity, slides in a sleeve 48 of similar material mounted in the refrigerator wall and the central portion of the loading ...

Measuring static and dynamic material characteristics

There is described a measuring method for static and dynamic material characteristics in which to that material the above-defined characteristics of which are to be measured, there is applied by means of a force F, a constant predetermined deformation by compression or pressing-in and the deformation is retained for at least 10 seconds and preferably at least 15 seconds, whereby the building-up of force F from a moment zero which corresponds to that time where the force is applied, and the decrease thereof after said constant deformation has been reached, is measured as a function of the time, and the material characteristics are determined from suitable formulas.

VORRICHTUNG ZUM STRECKEN VON TIERHAUT

Vorrichtung (1) zum Strecken von Tierhaut (2), mit einer Auflagefläche (3) zur Auflage der Tierhaut (2), einem ersten Paar (4), und einem zweiten Paar (5) an im Wesentlichen an gegenüberliegenden Randbereichen der Tierhaut (2) befestigbaren Zugmitteln (6), wobei die Zugmittel (6) mit einer Spannvorrichtung (8) zum Beaufschlagen der Zugmittel (6) mit einer Zugspannung verbunden sind, und jedes Paar (4, 5) an Zugmitteln (6) bei einer Beaufschlagung mit der Zugspannung eine Zugspannungslinie (9) in der Tierhaut (2) bildet, wobei die Zugspannungslinie (9) des ersten Paares (4) mit der Zugspannungslinie (9) des zweiten Paares (5) einen spitzen Winkel einschließt.

UV AGEING INDICATOR

PROCEDURE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF VINYLENDEN

Apparatus for measuring the viscosity of liquids

Eine Vorrichtung zur Messung der Viskosität von Flüssigkeiten umfasst ein Gehäuse (1), in dem eine einlaufseitige Zahnradpumpe (3A) zur Förderung der Flüssigkeit angeordnet ist. Ein Antriebsmotor (20) treibt eine Welle (4), die ein Zahnrad der Zahnradpumpe (3A) antreibt. Stromabwärts von der einlaufseitigen Zahnradpumpe (3A) ist eine Messdüse (5) angeordnet, der ein einlaufseitiger Massedrucksensor (6A) vorgeschaltet ist. Das Gehäuse (1) besitzt einen Oberteil (1A), einen Mittelteil (1B) und einen Unterteil (1C), die als separate, lösbar miteinander verbindbare Gehäuseteile ausgebildet sind. Die einlaufseitige Zahnradpumpe (3A) ist entweder im Oberteil (1A) oder im Mittelteil (1B) angeordnet und die Messdüse (5) ist im Mittelteil (1B) angeordnet. Der Oberteil (1A), der Mittelteil (1B) und der Unterteil (1C) des Gehäuses (1) sind so konfiguriert, dass im getrennten Zustand die einlaufseitige Zahnradpumpe (3A) und die Messdüse (5) von außen zugänglich sind.

THICK OR DENSITY MEASURING INSTRUMENT.

HOSE FOR TUBING REDEVELOPMENT AND PROCEDURE FOR MEASURING ITS SETTING DEGREE

Process for the production of engineered products in which curing of the wood is monitored ultrasonically and apparatus useful therefor

Methods and instrumentation for during-synthesis monitoring of polymer functional evolution

A method of monitoring the evolution of polymer and/or colloid stimuli responsiveness during synthesis of polymers and/or colloids, including postpolymerization modifications on natural and synthetic polymers, includes providing a reactor in which the polymers and/or 5 colloids are synthesized; and providing a means of monitoring the stimuli responsiveness of the polymers and/or colloids during said synthesis. Preferably, the method also includes monitoring the evolution of the characteristics of the polymers and/or colloids during said synthesis. Preferably, evolution of polymer and/or colloid stimuli responsiveness is correlated to the evolution of the properties of the polymers and/or colloids themselves. Also, preferably the 10 conditions of the fluid in the reactor in which the synthesis occurs is determined. The determination can be by detection, choice of materials and temperature conditions, for example, and combinations thereof. The method and instrumentation disclosed can lead ...

THICKNESS/DENSITY MEASURING APPARATUS

A low-voltage, compact thickness/density measuring apparatus is disclosed which uses a PIN diode in conjunction with a low noise processing circuit to detect particle radiation emitted from a source, which source has its detection intensity affected by a material to be measured. A light blocking, particle radiation permeable material protects the PIN diode from detecting light radiation. A system for controlling the extrusion of a film using the measuring apparatus is also disclosed.

METHOD FOR DETERMINING RESIDUES IN PLASTICS

The present invention relates to a method for determining dangerous or pesticidal residues in plastics, which comprises processing a plastic sample to a fine powder, converting the powder into a form accessible for determining the analyte, and determining the analyte. The present invention is thus concerned with the analysis of plastics, in particular trace analysis of residues in plastics. The method advantageously allows the use of microextraction techniques and thus a high sample throughput. The method is especially useful for determining whether or not a plastic sample such as agricultural waste plastics contain pesticidal residues.

METHOD FOR DETERMINING A CHARACTERISTIC PARAMETER OF A CRP SPECIMEN

The invention relates to a method for determining at least one characteri stic parameter of a CRP specimen (3, 4), in particular a specimen of prepreg material, for aerospace, comprising the following method steps: presenting the specimen (3, 4), irradiating the specimen (3, 4) with a predetermined sp ectrum of electromagnetic radiation, recording the interaction between the s pecimen (3, 4) and the electromagnetic radiation in a data record (20) and d etermining the at least one characteristic parameter from the recorded data record (20).

DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE ELASTIC-VISCOUS PROPERTIES OF OBJECTS

A device for measuring the elastic-viscous properties of objects, in particular objects made of an elastomer material such as rubber, has a measurement body (2) movable in relation to a holder (1) and having a measurement head (3) that can be set on a test object, means (6) for moving the measurement body (2) back and forth and means (7, 24) for measuring the path of displacement of the measurement head (3) and/or the force that acts on the measurement head (3) during the reciprocating movement of the measurement body (2). In order to diversify the possible uses of the device and to simplify the measurement process, the measurement body is mounted in a freely movable housing (1) with a passage (4) for the measurement head (3) and a bearing surface (5) that can be set on the test object.

METHOD FOR MEASURING STRESS LEVELS IN POLYMERIC COMPOSITIONS

A method for measuring the level of stress in a polymeric or pre-polymeric composition within a given volume that includes combining the polymeric or prepolymeric composition with a plurality of microparticles, each microsphere having a non-ferromagnetic or non-ferrimagnetic core provided with a coating that is ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic to form an admixture in which the microparticles are substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the composition. The microparticles have a detectable magnetic characteristic which correlates with the level of stress in the composition within a give volume. The change in the magnetic characteristic of the microparticles is then measured to determine the level of stress in the composition within a given volume.

Process to measure stringiness of room temperature vulcanizable silicone sealant compositions

Method and device for measuring rheological.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ANALYZING MODIFIED POLYVINYLIDENE FLUORIDE RESIN

The present invention relates to a method and a system for analyzing a modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) resin. More specifically, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for analyzing the content of functional groups and detecting the functional groups of a modified polyvinylidene fluoride resin. To this end, the analytic method of the present invention comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the modified polyvinylidene fluoride resin along with alcohol and an alcohol solution containing tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and then carrying out a reaction; (2) adding alcohol into the solution obtained from the previous step and then centrifuging the same so as to collect a solution layer and a solid layer respectively; (3) carrying out a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis after drying the collected solution layer; (4) adding the alcohol solution containing TMAH after drying the collected solid layer and then carrying out a pyrolysis GC/MS ...

METHOD FOR PREDICTING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON BLACK COMPOUND USING DEEP LEARNING

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PREDICTING STATES OF POLYMER MATERIAL STATE CONSIDERING TEMPERATURE

The present invention relates to a system for predicting states of a polymer material state by various environment conditions and, more specifically, to a system and a method for predicting states of a polymer material state considering temperature, for predicting states of the polymer material state by the state change of the polymer material in accordance with temperature and time based on a degradation model. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017 (100) Point predicting unit (200) Section predicting unit (300) Heat cycle analyzing unit ...

FIBER OPTIC APPARATUS AND USE THEREOF IN COMBINATORIAL MATERIAL SCIENCE

Methods, systems and devices are described for rapid characterization and screening of liquid samples to determine properties (e.g., particle size, particle size distribution, molar mass and/or molar mass distribution) thereof with static light scattering and/or dynamic light scattering. The liquid samples can be solutions, emulsions, suspensions or dispersions. One method, includes providing a vessel containing a liquid sample having an exposed surface that defines a gas-liquid sample interface, and analyzing the sample by light scattering methods that include transmitting light through the gas-liquid sample interface into the sample, and detecting light scattered from the sample or from a component thereof. Additional methods are directed to characterizing a plurality of liquid samples or components thereof. The methods, systems, and devices have applications in high-throughput screening, and particularly, in combinatorial materials research and in industrial process control.

DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE ELASTIC-VISCOUS PROPERTIES OF OBJECTS

A device for measuring the elastic-viscous properties of objects, in particular objects made of an elastomer material such as rubber, has a measurement body (2) movable in relation to a holder (1) and having a measurement head (3) that can be set on a test object, means (6) for moving the measurement body (2) back and forth and means (7, 24) for measuring the path of displacement of the measurement head (3) and/or the force that acts on the measurement head (3) during the reciprocating movement of the measurement body (2). In order to diversify the possible uses of the device and to simplify the measurement process, the measurement body is mounted in a freely movable housing (1) with a passage (4) for the measurement head (3) and a bearing surface (5) that can be set on the test object.

Method and system for health monitoring of composite elastomeric flexible elements

A composite elastomeric flexible element has an elastomer layer between rigid members. When subjected to loads, and as time goes by, the elastomer layer will undergo damage in the form of micro-voids and polymer chain scission. The time it takes the damage to reach a predetermined, but safe state is a known function of several parameters such as loading rate and load magnitude, time at load, temperature and frequency. The damage decreases the electrical permittivity of the elastomer and changes the electrical conductance of the elastomer if the elastomer is in the environment of an electrically conductive fluid or when the elastomer includes conductive filler. The health of the flexible element is monitored by measuring the electrical impedance of the elastomer layer, computing an indication of health from the electrical impedance and trend data for the elastomer layer, and reporting the indication of health to a human administrator.

Measurement of material properties with optically induced phonons

Samples such as thin polymeric films are analyzed using optically induced phonons by excitation of the sample using radiation preferably absorbed by the sample and probe radiation, preferably not absorbed by the sample, that is diffracted from the surface of the sample. The pulse width of the probe is preferably on the order of the detectable diffraction signal so that the phonon decay from each excitation pulse can be detected and analyzed. The technique is applicable to various samples by inducing a ripple morphology on the sample surface and detection of light diffracted substantially from surface ripple.

Method for Analyzing Acrylic Acid Content in Acrylic Adhesive Resin Copolymer

A method enabling the quantitative analysis of acrylic acid in an acrylic adhesive resin includes: measuring, by means of a moisture analyzer for solid samples (MASS), moisture content generated through a ring forming reaction, in a high-temperature environment, of an acrylic polymer having a carboxyl group; and analyzing the acrylic acid content on the basis of the measured moisture content and the amount of the sample that is used.

Systems and methods for particle size determination and control in a fluidized bed reactor for use with thermally decomposable silicon-containing gas

Systems and methods are provided for determining the size of particles within a fluidized bed reactor for use with thermally decomposable silicon-containing gas. The pressure of gas adjacent a gas inlet and adjacent a gas outlet of the reactor are measured with pressure sensors. An algorithm is applied to at least one of the pressure measurements to determine the size of particles within the reactor. The determined size of the particles can be used to control the operation of the reactor.

RESIN COMPOSITION AND RELIABILITY EVALUATION METHOD THEREOF AND COLOR CONVERSION FILM COMPRISING THE SAME

The present application provides a resin composition which effectively inhibits a photobleaching phenomenon as well as realizes excellent external blocking properties and optical properties through the secondary structure transition concentration and relaxation time of the resin composition, a reliability evaluation method thereof, and a color conversion film comprising the same.

ISOBUTENE POLYMERISATION PROCESS

Method and apparatus for taking samples

The disclosure relates to a method and an apparatus for continuously taking a sample from a discharge system of a polymerization reactor (15) comprising a discontinuously opening discharge valve (18) as well a product tube (19) leading into a solid-constituent separation system (20) as well as means for taking a sample from a product pipe (19). The sampling means comprises a closing valve (28) of on/off type, which closes for the period of a pressure wave occurring, when a discharge valve (18) opens, and opens after the pressure wave, as well as a buffer container (29), whose volume is sufficient to maintain the continuity of the sample flow when the closing valve (18) is closed. ...

THERMAL EXPANSION DRIVEN INDENTATION STRESS-STRAIN SYSTEM

Disclosed is a method and apparatus of indentation testing of variable types of specimens which includes mounting an indenter member (3) into a thermally expandable member (2), mounting the specimen (5) to be tested on a pedestal (4), loading the specimen with the indenter member by thermally expanding the thermally expandable member and measuring applied force to and displacement of the specimen so as to determine the hardness or other material properties of the specimen. The indenter member is thermally insulated from the thermally expandable member prior to thermally expanding the thermally expandable member. The thermal expansion driven indentation system in the present invention allows for controlled application of precise and continuous reproducible loads to produce stress-strain plots. Continuous indentation testing with this system has yielded results which correlate well to Rockwell fixed load hardness tests on standard test blocks. Further, efforts in drawing relationships with ...

Sealing assembly with integral sensor

A sealing assembly is equipped with life-sensing means in terms of wear ( 12 a, 12 b ), thermal degradation, physical damage, chemical incompatibility and structural breakdowns within the sealing assembly, and means ( 22 a, b ) for transmitting an output of the sensing means to detect a change in the sealing environment or an impending seal failure.

Increased Absorption-Measurement Accuracy Through Windowing of Photon-Transit Times to Account for Scattering in Continuous Webs and Powders

Radiation scattering is one of the main contributors to the uncertainty of near infrared (NIR) measurements. Enhanced absorption-measurement accuracy for NIR sensors is achieved by using a combination of NIR spectroscopy and time-of-flight techniques to select photons that are the result of a given mean free path within a moving sample target. By measuring absorption as a function of path length or by windowing signals that are attributable to excessive scattering of NIR radiation within the sample, this technique affords the calculation of more accurate and more universal calibrations. The NIR sensor employs short or ultra-short laser pulses to create NIR that is directed to the moving sample and emerging radiation is detected over time. Windowing effectively truncates non-contributing measurements.

Multivariable predictive control optimizer for glass fiber forming operation

A system and method for determining and controlling for cure status of binder on a fibrous product are disclosed. Cure status is monitored by measuring one or more control variables and attempting to keep them within known control limits. Exemplary control variables include oven temperatures at various locations and color values of sections of the fibrous product. Sensors such as thermocouples and image capture systems sense these variables continuously online and provide input signals for a MPC processor-optimizer. The MPC optimizers balances the constraints according to a programmed optimization function and priority ranking of control variables and solves for optimal control setting on manipulatable variables, such as oven fan speed, oven setpoint temperatures and coolant water flow rate.

System and Method of Optimizing a Composite System

The present application relates to a method and system for optimizing a composite system by electrically monitoring the reactive and physiological behavior of the resin binder in a composite system, so as to develop the desired properties of the resin during the cure process. A method of manufacturing a composite part can include assembling a composite preform with a resinous material and an open circuit. Further, the method can include subjecting the composite preform to a curing cycle so that a resin in the resinous material melts and closes the open circuit. Further, the method can include electrically monitoring a current through the resin during the curing cycle. Further, the method can include selectively controlling a manufacturing variable in response to the step of electrically monitoring the current through the resin.

Rubber product elastic response performance prediction method, design method, and elastic response performance prediction apparatus

An elastic response performance prediction method that employs a finite element analysis method to predict an elastic response performance expressing deformation behavior of a rubber product. The elastic response performance of the rubber product is predicted by employing a constitutive equation that expresses temperature and strain dependence of strain energy in the rubber product expressed using a parameter representing intermolecular interaction.

RUBBER PRODUCT ELASTIC RESPONSE PERFORMANCE PREDICTION METHOD, DESIGN METHOD, AND ELASTIC RESPONSE PERFORMANCE PREDICTION APPARATUS

An elastic response performance prediction method that employs a finite element analysis method to predict an elastic response performance expressing deformation behavior of a rubber product. The elastic response performance of the rubber product is predicted by employing a constitutive equation that expresses temperature and strain dependence of strain energy in the rubber product, and that incorporates a number of links between cross-linked points in a statistical molecule chain, which is expressed using a parameter representing extension crystallization. 1. An elastic response performance prediction method that predicts an elastic response performance expressing deformation behavior of a rubber product , the elastic response performance prediction method comprising predicting the elastic response performance of the rubber product by employing a constitutive equation that expresses temperature and strain dependence of strain energy in the rubber product , and that incorporates a number of links between cross-linked points in a statistical molecule chain which is expressed using a parameter representing extension crystallization.3. The elastic response performance prediction method of claim 2 , wherein the crystallization ratio Xis set at 0 when the material of the rubber product does not exhibit extension crystallization properties.5. An elastic response performance prediction method that predicts elastic response performance expressing deformation behavior of a rubber product claim 2 , the elastic response performance prediction method comprising predicting the elastic response performance of the rubber product by employing a constitutive equation that expresses temperature and strain dependence of an elastic modulus of the rubber product claim 2 , and that incorporates a number of links between cross-linked points in a statistical molecule chain which is expressed using a parameter representing extension crystallization.7. The elastic response performance ...

In Vitro Methodology for Predicting in Vivo Absorption Time of Bioabsorbable Polymeric Implants and Devices

A novel in vitro methodology for predicting the in vivo behavior, such as absorption time or mechanical strength retention, of biodegradable polymeric implants and medical devices. The present invention provides a novel in vitro methodology, hydrolysis profiling, for studying the degradation of absorbable polymers. Accuracy and reproducibility have been established for selected test conditions. Data from this in vitro method are correlated to in vivo absorption data, allowing for the prediction of accurate in vivo behaviors, such as absorption times. 1. A method of predicting the in vivo behavior of synthetic absorbable polymers , their implants or medical devices formed therefrom , possessing hydrolysable linkages within the chain , based on an in vitro test , comprising the steps of:(a) subjecting a known quantity of a test article of known in vivo absorption time to hydrolysis at a substantially constant pH and at a substantially constant test temperature above or at body temperature using a known concentration of titrating base, recording the volume of titrating base with time;(b) recording the time necessary to achieve a constant level of percent hydrolysis of the test article wherein said percent hydrolysis is 70 percent or greater;(c) repeating steps (a) and (b) utilizing the test conditions selected for steps (a) and (b) with at least one different test article of different known in vivo absorption times;(d) constructing an in vivo-in vitro correlation curve of in vivo absorption time versus in vitro hydrolysis time as recorded in step (b);(e) subjecting a known quantity of test article of unknown in vivo absorption time to hydrolysis at the test conditions selected for steps (a) and (b) using a known concentration of titrating base, recording the volume of titrating base with time;(f) predicting the in vivo behavior utilizing the correlation curve of step (d) and the in vitro hydrolysis time of step (e).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said test ...

SCREENING PROCESSES, CONDUCTING POLYMERS, AND ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES BASED ON DIFFUSIONAL GRADIENTS

Disclosed herein is a high throughput screening method which allows for the efficient and economical color screening of electrochromic copolymers with different monomer feed ratios. The process uses the diffusion behavior of the starting monomers at different concentrations to obtain diffusion coefficients, which can be used to quantify the monomer feed ratio for a given copolymer. Also disclosed herein are devices used in the process, conjugated copolymers obtained by using the method where the copolymers exhibit a certain property based on the monomer feed ratio, and devices made from the conjugated copolymers. 1. A method for screening , comprises:providing a screening device comprising at least two electrodes and a polymer electrolyte matrix disposed between the at least two electrodes, wherein the polymer electrolyte matrix comprises a plurality of reservoirs;providing an electroactive monomer composition in the plurality of reservoirs, wherein the electroactive monomer composition comprises an electroactive monomer of a known concentration, a monomer composition solvent, and optionally a monomer composition salt, wherein each reservoir comprises a single electroactive monomer composition;allowing the electroactive monomer of the electroactive monomer composition to diffuse through the polymer electrolyte matrix for a period of time;polymerizing the electroactive monomer to form a composite of polymer electrolyte matrix and a conjugated polymer, or a composite of polymer electrolyte matrix and a conjugated copolymer where two or more different electroactive monomers have diffused into the same area of the polymer electrolyte matrix;determining the diffusion behavior of the monomer in the monomer compositions;obtaining a property of the conjugated polymer or conjugated copolymer; andcorrelating the property of the conjugated copolymers with monomer feed ratios.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the property is CIELuv color coordinates.3. The method of claim 1 , ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MONITORING THE PRESENCE, ONSET AND EVOLUTION OF PARTICULATES IN CHEMICALLY OR PHYSICALLY REACTING SYSTEMS

A device for monitoring particulates includes a means for correlating measurements of pressure across at least one filter, flow rate of a sample through the filter, or a combination thereof to the properties of particulates in a solution. More particularly, the device can be used for monitoring particulates in a reacting system to provide signals to the user or control input to the reacting system to alter the course of the reaction according to a desired path. 1. Apparatus for monitoring particulates in a liquid flowing through a filter , comprising:a) a correlation means for correlating measurements of the time-dependent pressure changes across the filter, or time dependent changes in flow rate of the liquid through the filter, or a combination thereof to the properties of particulates in the liquid; andb) a pressure monitor upstream of the filter and/or a flow meter for measuring flow rate through the filter, wherein the flow rate or pressure is measured at a frequency of at least one time per hour in the liquid flowing through the filter.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the correlation means uses time-dependent pressure and/or flow rates mathematically related to properties of the particulates in the liquid.316-. (canceled)17. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the device is modular and can be easily exchanged into the flow system for quick maintenance.18. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the particulates are formed in a polymerization reaction.19. (canceled)20. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the particulates include one or more of the following types: microcrystals; latex particles; cross-linked polymers; polymers physically associated into aggregates; chemically or physically linked polymer microgels; aggregates of highly cross-linked polymers; emulsified particles; clumps of associating proteins claim 1 , microbes claim 1 , cellulosic debris claim 1 , latex and emulsion particles; clusters and fibers composed of biological cells and fibers; cell ...

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST INSPECTION METHOD FOR EVALUATING THERMAL DEGRADATION OF BISMALEIMIDE RESIN

A non-destructive method for determining an amount of temperature exposure to a Bismaleimide Resin (BMI) matrix substrate, the method includes determining component data of a Bismaleimide Resin (BMI) matrix component via fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; correlating the component data to model data to determine a structural debit from temperature exposure; and bounding a structurally damaged area in response to the correlating. 1. A non-destructive method for determining an amount of temperature exposure to a Bismaleimide Resin (BMI) matrix substrate , the method comprising:determining component data of a Bismaleimide Resin (BMI) matrix component via fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy;correlating the component data to model data to determine a structural debit from temperature exposure; andbounding a structurally damaged area in response to the correlating.2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising deeming areas on the component serviceable/unserviceable with respect to the bounding.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising confirming component construction is of a Bismaleimide Resin (BMI) matrix.4. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising correlating the component data to model data within a molecular spectroscopy analyzer.5. The method as recited in claim 4 , further comprising initially locating the molecular spectroscopy analyzer within a visually indicated thermal stress area denoted by a discoloration on the substrate of the component.6. The method as recited in claim 5 , further comprising moving the molecular spectroscopy analyzer outward toward an edge of the visually indicated thermal stress area to bound a structurally damaged area.7. The method as recited in claim 6 , further comprising moving the molecular spectroscopy analyzer with respect to a grid pattern.8. The method as recited in claim 6 , further comprising determining the model data from a multiple of post conditioned test ...

DETERIORATION ANALYSIS METHOD AND CHEMICAL STATE MEASUREMENT METHOD

The present invention provides a deterioration analysis method capable of analyzing in detail deterioration of a polymer material, and in particular deterioration in the surface condition of a polymer material with low conductivity. The present invention relates to a deterioration analysis method including irradiating a polymer material with a metal coating having a thickness of 100 Å or less formed thereon, with high intensity X-rays, and measuring X-ray absorption while varying the energy of the X-rays, to analyze deterioration of the polymer. 1. A deterioration analysis method , comprising irradiating a polymer material with a metal coating having a thickness of 100 Å or less formed thereon , with high intensity X-rays , and measuring X-ray absorption while varying the energy of the X-rays , to analyze deterioration of the polymer.2. The deterioration analysis method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal coating is a vapor deposited metal film.3. The deterioration analysis method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer material is a tire rubber composition.4. The deterioration analysis method according to claim 3 , wherein the tire rubber composition has a carbon black content of 50 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of a rubber component of the tire rubber composition.5. A chemical state measurement method claim 3 , comprising removing blooms on the surface of a rubber material and then applying an X-ray-based surface analysis method to measure the chemical state on the surface of the rubber material.6. The chemical state measurement method according to claim 5 , comprising examining a change in chemical state occurring starting from the surface of the rubber material to measure deterioration of the rubber material.7. The chemical state measurement method according to claim 5 , wherein the blooms on the surface of the rubber material are removed using a solvent.8. The chemical state measurement method according to claim 7 , wherein the solvent is ...

MOLDING SUPPORT DEVICE FOR INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE

Provided are a basic data input unit to input basic data including molding conditions data related to molding conditions and screw data related to the form of the screw; a calculation formula data setting unit to set solid phase rate calculation formula data to calculate the solid phase rate of the molten resin in a heating cylinder based on this basic data; a calculation processing function unit having a solid phase rate calculation processing unit to use calculation processing based on the basic data and the solid phase rate calculation formula data to calculate an estimated solid phase rate of the molten resin at the measurement completion; and an output processing function unit that performs display processing to display information related to the estimated solid phase rate on a display. 1. A molding support device for an injection molding machine for performing a molding support to an injection molding machine to inject plasticized molten resin with a screw to fill a metal mold with the resin , characterized in comprising:a basic data input unit that inputs basic data including molding conditions data related to at least molding conditions and screw data related to the form of the screw;a calculation formula data setting unit that sets solid phase rate calculation formula data to calculate, based on this basic data, the solid phase rate of the molten resin in the heating cylinder;a calculation processing function unit that has a solid phase rate calculation processing unit to use calculation processing based on the basic data and the solid phase rate calculation formula data to calculate an estimated solid phase rate of the molten resin at the measurement completion; andan output processing function unit that performs display processing to display information related to the estimated solid phase rate on a display.2. The molding support device for the injection molding machine according to claim 1 , wherein: the molding conditions data includes data related to ...

Multi Point Method and Apparatus for monitoring the aging and changes in corresponding tensile performance properties of a polymer

The molecular weight distribution in a polymer sample can be used as a measure for when parts need to be replaced, and can be tracked over time to allow for predicting when parts need to be replaced and/or identifying the type of aging taking place in the polymer part. Molecular weight distribution determination has particular application in determining the replacement time and or aging parameters in polyamide (e.g., formed from 11-aminoundecanoic acid or formed from 12 aminododecanoic acid) polyvinyldiflouride, and polyethyelene pipe liners used in, for example, offshore oil and gas production and fuel transport operations. 1. A method of determining a time to replace polymer parts , comprising the steps of:determining a molecular weight distribution for polymer chains in a polymer sample;identifying from said molecular weight distribution a fraction of polymer chains above a threshold value; anddetermining a part is in need of replacement if said fraction is less than a preset value.2. The method of wherein said polymer sample is obtained from said part.3. The method of wherein said polymer sample is obtained from a witness coupon exposed to the same environment as said part.4. The method of wherein said part is made from a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyamide formed from 11-aminoundecanoic acid or 12-aminododecanoic acid claim 1 , polyvinyldiflouride claim 1 , and polyethyelene.5. The method of wherein said polymer sample is a part made from 11-aminoundecanoic acid claim 1 , said threshold value is 17 claim 1 ,000 grams/mol or greater claim 1 , and said preset value is 25%.6. The method of wherein the polymer sample is a vinyl addition polymer.7. The method of wherein said vinyl addition polymer is selected from the group consisting of polystyrene claim 6 , polypropylen claim 6 , polyvinylchloride claim 6 , polyvinyldifluoride claim 6 , and polyethylene.8. The method of wherein said polymer sample is a polyamide or a polyester.9. A method for ...

METHOD FOR DETECTING WELD DEFECTS

A method of detecting a defect in a weld joining a first surface of a polyethylene-based material and a second surface of a polyethylene-based material, said method comprising the steps of: positioning a first electrode and a second electrode in proximity to the weld, so that at least one electric field line passes through said weld when a potential difference is applied between said first and second electrodes, measuring an electrical capacitance at a measurement frequency between said first electrode and said second electrode, the measurement frequency being higher than 65 MHz and lower than 1 GHz in order to compare the measured electrical capacitance to a reference value. 1. A method of detecting a defect in a weld joining a first surface of a polyethylene (PE)-based material and a second surface of a polyethylene (PE)-based material , said method comprising the steps of:positioning a first electrode and a second electrode in proximity to the weld, so that at least one electric field line passes through said weld when a potential difference is applied between said first and second electrodes,measuring an electrical capacitance at a measurement frequency between said first electrode and said second electrode, the measurement frequency being higher than 65 MHz and lower than 1 GHz in order to compare the measured electrical capacitance to a reference value.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement frequency is measured between 100 MHz and 300 MHz.3. The method according to claim 2 , comprising a step of detecting a defect in the weld if claim 2 , during the comparison step claim 2 , the measured electrical capacitance is different by at least 1.5% from the reference value.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the reference value is on the order of 6 pF.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first surface belongs to a body presenting one thickness and the second surface belongs to a body presenting a thickness of the same order ...

TEST APPARATUS AND METHOD OF ACCELERATED PHOTO-DEGRADATION USING PLASMA LIGHT SOURCE

Disclosed is a test apparatus of accelerated photo-degradation measuring a degradation caused by photo-degradation in a material or a product by light containing UV light and visible light that simulate the solar light-inducing degradation. The apparatus includes a light irradiating unit configured to irradiate light using at least one electrodeless plasma lamp; a light condensing unit configured to collect light emitted from the light irradiating unit and irradiate the light uniformly into the surface of the specimen for the material or the product; and a specimen holder configured to fix the specimen, and the specimen holder being fixed at a predetermined position or rotated. Further, the at least one electrodeless plasma lamp generates light having a light power spectrum similar to a solar light in a region of UV light and short-wavelength visible light corresponding to a range of about 300-500 nm. 1. A test apparatus of accelerated photo-degradation measuring a degradation caused by photo-degradation in a material or a product by light containing UV light and visible light that simulate the solar light-inducing degradation , the apparatus comprising:a light irradiating unit configured to irradiate light using at least one electrodeless plasma lamp;a light condensing unit configured to collect light emitted from the light irradiating unit and irradiate the light uniformly into the surface of the specimen for the material or the product; anda specimen holder configured to fix the specimen, wherein the specimen holder being fixed at a predetermined position or rotated,wherein the at least on electrodeless plasma lamp generates light having a light power spectrum similar to a solar light in a region of UV light and short-wavelength visible light corresponding to a range of about 300-500 nm.2. (canceled)3. The test apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a plurality of light pipes connected to a plurality of electrodeless plasma lamps and configured to irradiate ...

ACCELERATED TESTING METHOD OF SILICONE DRAINAGE IN SYRINGES

A centrifugation approach used to accelerate current empirical methods used to investigate silicone drainage in syringes is disclosed. A siliconized syringe is placed into a holder of a centrifuge in a predefined orientation. Centrifugation of the syringe is activated at a predetermined G rate and for a period of intended simulation time and is ended as that time elapses. The time can be a function of intended simulation time, acceleration due to gravity, square of centrifuge revolution rate, and distance from center of rotor hub to matching point on the syringe barrel. One or more injection functionality parameters of the syringe is assessed after the elapsed period of time. A bucket fixture for retaining one or more syringes in the predefined orientation is also disclosed. 1. A testing method for accelerating silicone drainage rate for a siliconized syringe , comprising:(a) placing a syringe including a film of silicone in a predefined orientation into a centrifuge holder of a centrifuge system, the syringe including a needle end and an opposite, flange end, the predefined orientation of said syringe including the flange end being disposed farther away from a center axis of the centrifuge system than the needle end or the needle end being disposed farther away from said center axis of the centrifuge system than the flange end;(b) activating a centrifugation of the centrifugation holder of the centrifuge system with the syringe at a predetermined G-rate and for a predetermined period of a time;(c) ending the centrifugation of the centrifugation holder with the syringe after the period time has elapsed; and(d) assessing one or more injection functionality parameters of the syringe after the elapsed period of time.2. The testing method of claim 1 , wherein the film of the syringe comprises a non-cross-linked silicone.3. The testing method of claim 1 , wherein the time elapsed is expressed as (t)=(intended simulation time)(acceleration due to gravity) (square of ...

METHOD OF DIGITALLY GRADING LEATHER BREAK

A method and apparatus for grading leather based upon the size and spacing of the breaks in the leather. All or a portion of a hide is fed to a fixture that compresses a local area of the hide into a concave shape. The outer side of the hide is compressed and the inner side of the hide is expanded to cause breaks to be manifested in a local area. The local area of the hide is scanned with a digitizing profilometer that measures the depth of the breaks as the hide is fed through the fixture. The depth data measured by the digitizing profilometer is recorded by a controller. The depth data is then correlated with location data representing the local area scanned to develop a map of the break. 1. A method of grading leather comprising:fixturing all or a portion of a hide in a fixture that compresses a local area of the hide into a concave shape with a grain side of the hide being compressed and a flesh side of the hide being expanded to cause a break to be manifested;scanning the local area of the hide with a digitizing profilometer that measures depth and width of the break as the hide is fed through the fixture;recording depth and width data as measured by the digitizing profilometer; andcorrelating the depth data with hide position data representing the local area scanned to develop a map of the break.2. The method of analyzing the map by measuring a size of spaces between the break and converting the size of the spaces to digital data.3. The method of wherein the step of converting the size of spaces between the break is performed by applying a Fourier transform of the depth data and location data.4. The method of wherein the depth data is analyzed to identify peaks and valleys in the local area claim 1 , and wherein a distance between either the peaks or the valleys is used to grade breaks in the local area.5. The method of wherein the distance between the break is converted into wave form data and separated into distinct wave forms that are digitized to grade the ...

METHOD FOR MEASURING CONTENT OF WATER-ABSORBING RESIN INCLUDED IN HYGIENIC MATERIAL, ABSORBENT ARTICLE, OR INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT IN MANUFACTURING PROCESS THEREOF, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HYGIENIC MATERIAL OR ABSORBENT ARTICLE USING THE SAME

Provided is a convenient, safe, and highly precise method for measuring a content of a water-absorbing resin in a hygienic material or an absorbent article. 1. A method for measuring a content of a water-absorbing resin including a water-soluble cation included in a hygienic material , an absorbent article , or an intermediate product in a manufacturing process thereof , in a form of an ion-dissociating group , the method comprising:A) a step for measuring an amount of a predetermined water-soluble cation in a reference sample including a known amount of the water-absorbing resin and creating a calibration curve indicating a relation between the amount of the water-absorbing resin and the amount of the predetermined water-soluble cation in the reference sample on the basis of the obtained measurement result;B) a step for measuring an amount of the predetermined water-soluble cation in a measurement sample, which includes a portion including the water-absorbing resin, of the hygienic material, the absorbent article, or the intermediate product in the manufacturing process thereof; andC) a step for calculating an amount of the water-absorbing resin in the measurement sample by the calibration curve created in the step A) from the amount of the predetermined water-soluble cation measured in the step B),the step A) and the step B) including measuring the amount of the predetermined water-soluble cation using an ion selective electrode method and including the following steps M1) and M2):M1) a step for immersing a sample in an aqueous solution including a total ionic strength adjusting agent (pre-processing step); andM2) a step for measuring the amount of the predetermined water-soluble cation in a pre-processed supernatant liquid obtained in the step M1).2. The measuring method according to claim 1 , wherein the step B) further includes claim 1 , before the step M1) in the step B) claim 1 , a step B1) for collecting the portion including the water-absorbing resin from ...

MULTIFUNCTIONAL SYNTACTIC FOAMS

A multifunctional syntactic foam including a matrix material and hollow particles, where a first and second material property of the syntactic foam are tailored on the basis of the wall thickness and volume fraction of the hollow particles. 1. A method comprising:calculating, utilizing at least one computer, a range of potential values for a first material property of a syntactic foam, the syntactic foam including a matrix material and hollow particles, on the basis of a wall thickness and a volume fraction of the hollow particles;selecting a first material property value from the range of potential values for the first material property;calculating, utilizing at least one computer, a range of potential values for a second material property of the syntactic foam on the basis of the wall thickness and the volume fraction of the hollow particles while maintaining the selected first material property value;selecting a second material property value from the range of potential values for the second material property; andcalculating, utilizing at least one computer, the wall thickness and the volume fraction of the hollow particles that will produce a syntactic foam with the selected first material property value and the selected second material property value;wherein the first material property and the second material property are selected from the dielectric constant, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), damping capacity, elastic modulus, storage modulus, loss modulus, and density; and the first material property is different than the second material property.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first material property is the dielectric constant and the second material property is the CTE.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising producing a syntactic foam with the wall thickness and the volume fraction of the hollow particles that will produce a syntactic foam with the selected first material property value and the selected second material property value.4. ...

WEARABLE DEVICE COUPLED TO TIME-OF-FLIGHT IMAGING SYSTEM

An optical system measures one or more physiological parameters with a wearable device that includes a light emitting diode (LED) source including a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. One or more lenses deliver a lens output light to tissue of a user. A detection system receives at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and generates an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. The detection system comprises a plurality of spatially separated detectors and an analog to digital converter. The detection system increases the signal-to-noised ratio by comparing a first signal with the LEDs off to a second signal with the LEDs on. An imaging system including a Bragg reflector is pulsed and has a near infrared wavelength. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm to measure time-of-flight. 1. An optical system , comprising:a wearable device for measuring one or more physiological parameters, the wearable device adapted to be placed on a wrist or an ear of a user, including a light source comprising a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that are light emitting diodes, the light emitting diodes configured to generate an output optical light having one or more optical wavelengths;the wearable device comprising one or more lenses configured to receive at least a portion of the output optical light and to deliver a lens output light to tissue;the wearable device further comprising a detection system configured to receive at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and to generate an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio, wherein the detection system is configured to be synchronized to the light source;wherein the detection system comprises a plurality of detectors that are spatially separated from each other, and wherein at least one analog to digital converter is coupled to at least one of the spatially separated ...

Methods And Instrumentation For During-Synthesis Monitoring Of Polymer Functional Evolution

A method of monitoring the evolution of polymer and/or colloid stimuli responsiveness during synthesis of polymers and/or colloids, including postpolymerization modifications on natural and synthetic polymers, includes providing a reactor in which the polymers and/or colloids are synthesized; and providing a means of monitoring the stimuli responsiveness of the polymers and/or colloids during said synthesis. Preferably, the method also includes monitoring the evolution of the characteristics of the polymers and/or colloids during said synthesis. Preferably, evolution of polymer and/or colloid stimuli responsiveness is correlated to the evolution of the properties of the polymers and/or colloids themselves. Also, preferably the conditions of the fluid in the reactor in which the synthesis occurs is determined. The determination can be by detection, choice of materials and temperature conditions, for example, and combinations thereof. The method and instrumentation disclosed can lead to optimization and control of processes and synthetic and modification strategies leading to polymers and colloids with desired stimuli responsiveness. 192-. (canceled)93. A device for monitoring the synthesis of a polymer comprising (a) a reactor for synthesizing the polymer; (b) at least two detectors that each detect a property of the polymer , each detector the same type of detector , and each detector detecting the same property of the polymer at a different condition; and (c) a component comprising an extraction stage that extracts a sample from the reactor for delivery to at least one of the at least two detectors , said sample comprising the polymer.94. The device of claim 93 , wherein the component further comprises a dilution stage that dilutes the sample after extraction.95. The device of claim 93 , wherein the component further comprises a conditioning stage that conditions the sample after extraction.96. The device of claim 95 , wherein the conditioning stage conditions the ...

BENZOTHIAZOL-2-YLAZO-PHENYL COMPOUND AS DYE, COMPOSITIONS INCLUDING THE DYE, AND METHOD OF DETERMINING DEGREE OF CURE OF SUCH COMPOSITIONS

A compound represented by formula: is disclosed. R is hydrogen or alkyl; X is alkylene; Y is a bond, ether, thioether, amine, amide, ester, thioester, carbonate, thiocarbonate, carbamate, thiocarbamate, urea, thiourea, alkylene, arylalkylene, alkylarylene, or arylene, wherein alkylene, arylalkylene, alkylarylene, and arylene are optionally at least one of interrupted or terminated by at least one of an ether, thioether, amine, amide, ester, thioester, carbonate, thiocarbonate, carbamate, thiocarbamate, urea, or thiourea; and Z is an acrylate, a methacrylate, an acrylamide, a methacrylamide, a styrenyl, or a terminal alkenylene having at least three carbon atoms. A composition including the compound, and a method of determining the degree of cure of a curable polymeric resin are also disclosed. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Z is acrylate claim 1 , methacrylate claim 1 , or styrenyl.3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein Y is a bond claim 2 , —O— claim 2 , —O—C(O)— claim 2 , —O—C(O)—NR— claim 2 , or alkylene optionally at least one of interrupted or terminated by at least one ether claim 2 , ester claim 2 , carbonate claim 2 , or carbamate claim 2 , and wherein Ris hydrogen claim 2 , alkyl claim 2 , aryl claim 2 , arylalkylenyl claim 2 , or alkylarylenyl.4. The compound of claim 3 , wherein —X—Y—Z is —CHCH—O—C(O)—CH═CH claim 3 , —CHCH—O—C(O)—C(CH)═CH claim 3 , or —CHCH—O—C(O)—CH—CH═CH.5. A composition comprising the compound of claim 1 , a free radical initiator claim 1 , and a diluent.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the free-radical initiator is an organic peroxide.7. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the free-radical initiator is a photoinitiator.8. A composition comprising the compound of and a curable polymeric resin.9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the curable polymeric resin is an unsaturated polyester resin.10. The composition of claim 8 , further comprising at least one of styrene monomer claim 8 , a substituted styrene monomer claim 8 , ...

Near-infrared time-of-flight imaging using laser diodes with bragg reflectors

A remote sensing system includes an array of laser diodes configured to generate light. One or more scanners are configured to receive a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes and to direct the portion of the light from the array of laser diodes to an object. A detection system is configured to receive at least a portion of light reflected from the object and is configured to be synchronized to the at least a portion of the array of laser diodes comprising Bragg reflectors. The remote sensing system is configured to generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping using at least a portion of a time-of-flight measurement. The remote sensing system is adapted to be mounted on a vehicle and communicate with a cloud. The at least a portion of the two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping is combined with global positioning system information.

CRYSTALLINITY MEASUREMENT DEVICE, RESIN-CONTAINING MATERIAL MANUFACTURING DEVICE, CRYSTALLINITY MEASUREMENT METHOD, AND RESIN-CONTAINING MATERIAL MANUFACTURING METHOD

A crystallinity measurement device includes a Raman spectroscopy unit configured to acquire a Raman spectrum of resin-containing material including crystalline thermoplastic resin; and an analysis unit configured to calculate crystallinity of the crystalline thermoplastic resin based on an intensity of a low-wavenumber spectrum that is a spectrum in a region of less than 600 cm, in the Raman spectrum. 1. A crystallinity measurement device , comprising:a Raman spectroscopy unit configured to acquire a Raman spectrum of resin-containing material including crystalline thermoplastic resin; and{'sup': '−1', 'an analysis unit configured to calculate crystallinity of the crystalline thermoplastic resin based on an intensity of a low-wavenumber spectrum that is a spectrum in a region of less than 600 cm, in the Raman spectrum.'}2. The crystallinity measurement device according to claim 1 , wherein the analysis unit calculates the crystallinity of the crystalline thermoplastic resin based on a ratio of intensities of two low-wavenumber spectra.3. A resin-containing material manufacturing device claim 1 , comprising:a material supply unit configured to supply resin-containing material including crystalline thermoplastic resin;a pressing unit provided on a downstream side of the material supply unit and configured to press the resin-containing material supplied from the material supply unit;a heating unit configured to heat the resin-containing material pressed by the pressing unit;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the crystallinity measurement device according to provided on a downstream side of the pressing unit and the heating unit and configured to measure crystallinity of the crystalline thermoplastic resin included in the resin-containing material that has been subjected to pressing and heating treatment by the pressing unit and the heating unit; and'}a re-heating unit provided on a downstream side of the crystallinity measurement device and configured ...

Mechanisms of local stress sensing in multifunctional polymer films using fluorescent tetrapod nanocrystals

Nanoscale stress-sensing can be used across fields ranging from detection of incipient cracks in structural mechanics to monitoring forces in biological tissues. We demonstrate how tetrapod quantum dots (tQDs) embedded in block-copolymers act as sensors of tensile/compressive stress. Remarkably, tQDs can detect their own composite dispersion and mechanical properties, with a switch in optomechanical response when tQDs are in direct contact. Using experimental characterizations, atomistic simulations and finite-element analyses, we show that under tensile stress, densely-packed tQDs exhibit a photoluminescence peak shifted to higher energies (“blue-shift”) due to volumetric compressive stress in their core; loosely-packed tQDs exhibit a peak shifted to lower energies (“red-shift”) from tensile stress in the core. The stress-shifts result from the tQD's unique branched morphology in which the CdS arms act as antennas that amplify the stress in the CdSe core. Our nanocomposites exhibit excellent cyclability and scalability with no degraded properties of the host polymer. Colloidal tQDs allow sensing in many materials to potentially enable auto-responsive, smart structural nanocomposites that self-predict impending fracture. 1. A stress sensing nanocomposite comprising:a polymer film further comprising a plurality of aggregated fluorescent tetrapod nanocrystals.2. The nanocomposite of claim 1 , wherein the aggregated fluorescent tetrapod nanocrystals comprise aggregated tetrapod quantum dots (tQDs).3. The nanocomposite of claim 2 , wherein a volume ratio of tQD/polymer defined by a tQD aggregate fill fraction or a packing density in the aggregated tQDs is approximately between 40%-50%±5% for a compression-sensing nanocomposite and 20%-30%±2% for a tension-sensing nanocomposite.4. The nanocomposite of claim 3 , wherein a volume ratio of tQD/polymer defined by a tQD aggregate fill fraction or a packing density in the aggregated tQDs is approximately 50%±5% for a ...

Method to estimate strain rate dependent elastic modulus of materials using dynamic mechanical analysis data

A method for predicting an elastic modulus of a material includes providing a sample in a dynamic mechanical analysis device, performing a temperature sweep test to obtain a first data set, performing a frequency sweep test to obtain a second data set, using the second data set to generate a master curve in a frequency domain of the at least one of the storage modulus of the sample or the loss modulus of the sample using time-temperature superposition, converting the master curve in the frequency domain into a time domain relaxation function, and using the time domain relaxation function to predict the elastic modulus of the material.

Curable resin composition, method for producing curable resin composition, and method for measuring surface tackiness of viscoelastic material

Provided is a curable resin composition which can be cured to form a material (cured product) that has low tack properties and resists adhesion of garbage. The present invention provides a curable resin composition comprising polysiloxane (A) having not less than 2 alkenyl groups in the molecule and polysiloxane (B) having not less than 2 hydrosilyl groups in the molecule, wherein (T+Q)/D>0.3 and M+D+T+Q=1 are satisfied regarding all silicon atoms contained therein, the amount of the hydrosilyl groups with respect to 1 mol of aliphatic carbon-carbon double bonds present therein is 0.9 to 5.0 mol, and a cured product of the curable resin composition exhibits a separation strength of not more than 0.40 N per mm 2 in separation load evaluation and/or a total separation load of not more than 0.018 N·mm per mm 2 .

Method for Determining Degradation of Thermoplastics

A method of determining degradation of a thermoplastic when exposed to light and heat includes illuminating the thermoplastic with a desired wavelength of light at a desired irradiance while maintaining the ambient air surrounding the thermoplastic at a desired temperature. The method is useful to measure the discoloration rate of transparent, translucent and opaque thermoplastics such as polycarbonates, the discoloration rate being determined by transmission or reflectance spectra of transmitted or reflected white light through or from the thermoplastic.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A PARTIALLY BALANCED ACID SOLUTION

A process for producing a partially balanced acid solution that involves metering dicarboxylic acid powder, based on weight, from a loss-in-weight feeder to a feeding conduit that transfers the dicarboxylic acid powder at a low variability feed rate into an in-line disperser, adding a first feed stream of diamine to the in-line disperser in an amount sufficient to form the partially balanced acid solution having a solids content of less than 60%, and storing the partially balanced acid solution at a temperature to maintain the dissolved dicarboxylic acid and to prevent formation of a slurry. The partially balanced acid solution may be used as a feed solution to prepare a nylon salt solution. Process controls for the process are also disclosed. 1. A process for controlling the continuous preparation of a nylon salt solution comprising:a) generating a model for setting a target feed rate of dicarboxylic acid powder to produce the nylon salt solution having a target pH;b) controlling feed rate variability of the dicarboxylic acid powder by metering the dicarboxylic acid powder, based on weight, from a loss-in-weight feeder to a feeding conduit that transfers the dicarboxylic acid powder at the target feed rate into a disperser;c) separately introducing diamine at a first feed rate and water at a second feed rate to the disperser, wherein the first and/or the second feed rates are based on the model, to produce a partially balanced salt solution;d) introducing the partially balanced salt solution at a third feed rate, diamine at a fourth feed rate and water at a fifth feed rate to a single continuous stirred tank reactor, wherein the third, fourth and/or fifth feed rates are based on the model; ande) continuously withdrawing the nylon salt solution from the single continuous stirred tank reactor directly into a storage tank, wherein the withdrawn nylon salt solution has a pH less than ±0.04 of the target pH.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the disperser is an in-line ...

COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH FAILURE DETECTION PROPERTIES

A multiple layer composite material having fluid breach detection features provides indication of a failure in a fluid barrier. The indication of breach of fluid is provided before failure of a final layer of the composite material. The multiple layer composite material includes more than one fluid impermeable layer with an intermediate layer sealed between the fluid impermeable layers. Failure of one of the fluid impermeable layers is detected by fluid contact in the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a reagent and/or detection device to indicate that the fluid has reached the intermediate layer. 1. A method of making a mattress component , the method comprising:providing a first fluid impermeable layer having a flexible fabric;providing a second fluid impermeable layer having a flexible fabric, at least one of the impermeable layers forming an outer surface of the mattress component;sealing the first and second fluid impermeable layers together; andproviding a breach detection component between the first and second fluid impermeable layers, wherein the breach detection component is configured to indicate when either of the first fluid impermeable layer or the second fluid impermeable layer has become fluid permeable and has allowed fluid to pass there through, and therefore breached, to thereby detect a breach status of either of the first and second fluid impermeable layers.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said providing a breach detection component comprises providing a reagent between the first and second fluid impermeable layers claim 1 , the reagent being reactive with a fluid when the fluid contacts the reagent after passing through the first or second fluid impermeable layer.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising providing an intermediate layer between the first and the second fluid impermeable layers claim 2 , and wherein said providing a breach detection component comprises providing the reagent in the ...

METHOD FOR PREDICTING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS

The present invention relates to a method for predicting the physical properties of polymers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for predicting long-term stability of polymers using a molecular weight distribution curve. 1. A method for predicting physical properties of polymers comprising the steps of:measuring a molecular weight distribution curve of the polymer to be measured (herein, a log value of a molecular weight MW (log MW) is denoted by x-axis, and a molecular weight distribution to a log value (dwt/dlog MW) is denoted by y-axis) using a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at a temperature of 160° C.;dividing the section between 3.0 and 7.0 on the x-axis of the molecular weight distribution curve into four equal parts to obtain the integral value of the molecular weight distribution curve at each section; andpredicting the environmental stress cracking resistance (unit: time) measured by the full notch creep test (FNCT) under the conditions of 6.0 MPa and 80° C. from the integral value.2. The method for predicting the physical properties of polymers according to claim 1 , wherein the environmental stress cracking resistance is calculated according to the following Equation 1:{'br': None, 'i': A', 'A', 'A', 'A, 'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'Environmental stress cracking resistance=(−271)*+(−318)*+(−459)*+155*+29,586\u2003\u2003[Equation 1]'}in Equation 1 above,{'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'Ais an integral value of a molecular weight distribution curve in the section where log MW is 3.0 to 4.0, Ais an integral value of a molecular weight distribution curve in the section where log MW is 4.0 to 5.0, Ais an integral value of a molecular weight distribution curve in the section where log MW is 5.0 to 6.0, Ais an integral value of a molecular weight distribution curve in the section where log MW is 6.0 to 7.0, and'}{'sub': 1', '4, 'the integral value of Ato Ameans relative values when the integral value of the entire molecular weight ...

SHORT-WAVE INFRARED SUPER-CONTINUUM LASERS FOR NATURAL GAS LEAK DETECTION, EXPLORATION, AND OTHER ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS

A measurement system includes semiconductor light sources generating an input beam, optical amplifiers receiving the input beam and delivering an intermediate beam, and fused silica fibers with core diameters less than 400 microns receiving and delivering the intermediate beam to the fibers forming a first optical beam. A nonlinear element receives the first optical beam and broadens the spectrum to at least 10 nm through a nonlinear effect to form the output optical beam which includes a near-infrared wavelength of 700-2500 nm. A measurement apparatus is configured to receive the output optical beam and deliver it to a sample to generate a spectroscopy output beam. A receiver receives the spectroscopy output beam having a bandwidth of at least 10 nm and processes the beam to generate an output signal, wherein the light source and the receiver are remote from the sample, and wherein the sample comprises plastics or food industry goods. 1. A measurement system comprising: one or more semiconductor sources configured to generate an input beam;', 'one or more optical amplifiers configured to receive at least a portion of the input beam and to deliver an intermediate beam to an output end of the one or more optical amplifiers;', 'one or more optical fibers configured to receive at least a portion of the intermediate beam and to deliver at least the portion of the intermediate beam to a distal end of the one or more optical fibers to form a first optical beam;', 'a nonlinear element configured to receive at least a portion of the first optical beam and to broaden a spectrum associated with the at least a portion of the first optical beam to at least 10 nm through a nonlinear effect in the nonlinear element to form the output optical beam with an output beam broadened spectrum; and', 'wherein at least a portion of the output beam broadened spectrum comprises a near-infrared wavelength between approximately 700 nanometers and approximately 2500 nanometers, and wherein at ...

RUBBER DETECTION SYSTEM

A rubber detection system for rubber raw material includes a controller, a rubber sampling module, a rubber calender, a temperature control module, a mooney sensor, a power meter, an expansion ratio detection module, a rotation counter, and a specific gravity detection module. The rubber sampling module obtains a rubber to be tested consistent with a weight value. After the temperature control module determines that the rubber to be tested has reached a temperature value, the rubber calender outputs the rubber to be tested having a thickness value. The power meter records and obtains a power consumption value form the rubber calender. The expansion ratio detection module obtains an expansion ratio based on the thickness value and a roller spacing. The rotation counter obtains the number of rotations of the rubber calender. The specific gravity detection module obtains an actual specific gravity value of the rubber to be tested. 1. A rubber detection system for rubber raw material , comprising:a controller configured to produce a first weight value, a second weight value, a third weight value, a first temperature value, a target mooney index, a first roller pitch and a second roller pitch G,a rubber sampling module coupled to the controller, and the rubber sampling module configured to sample the rubber raw material according to the first weight value to obtain a first rubber to be tested consistent with the first weight value, and the rubber sampling module configured to sample the rubber raw material according to the second weight value to obtain a second rubber to be tested consistent with the second weight value, and the rubber sampling module configured to sample the rubber raw material according to the third weight value to obtain a third rubber to be tested consistent with the third weight value,a rubber calender coupled to the controller and the rubber sampling module, the rubber calender including two rollers arranged in parallel, the two rollers spaced ...

POWER CONSUMPTION DETECTION SYSTEM

A power consumption detection system includes a controller, a rubber sampling module, a rubber calender, a temperature control module, a mooney sensor, and a power meter. The rubber sampling module samples a rubber material according to a weight value and obtains a rubber to be tested. The rubber calender continuously calenders the rubber to be tested at least six times. The temperature control module maintains the rubber to be tested with a temperature value. The mooney sensor obtains an actual viscosity index and the controller controls the calendaring number of the rubber calender until the target viscosity index is consistent with the actual viscosity index. The power meter records a power consumed by the rubber calender and obtains a power consumption value. 1. A power consumption detection system applied to a rubber raw material comprising:a controller configured to produce a weight value, a temperature value, a target mooney index, and a roller pitch,a rubber sampling module coupled to the controller, and the rubber sampling module configured to sample the rubber raw material according to the weight value to obtain a rubber to be tested comply with the weight value,a rubber calender coupled to the controller and the rubber sampling module, the rubber calender including two rollers arranged in parallel, the two rollers spaced apart from each other by the roller pitch and continuously calendering the rubber to be tested at least six times,a temperature control module coupled to the controller and the rubber calender, the temperature control module configured to maintain the rubber to be tested to have a temperature value,a mooney sensor coupled to the controller, the temperature control module, and the rubber calender, when the temperature control module determining that the rubber to be tested in the rubber calender has reached the temperature value, the mooney sensor configured to obtain an actual mooney index from the rubber to be tested in the rubber ...

System and method of use for electrically differentiating particles in a liquid

A system for the differentiation of plastic and non-plastic particles in suspension in a liquid, and the method of use thereof. The system having a channel for constraining and presenting the liquid to a detector, the detector having at least one transmit electrode for emitting electrical current to at least one receive electrode. Circuitry provides the current input and received electrical signals measurement capacities. Particles passing the receive electrodes alter the received electrical current according to the particle's dielectric properties, the circuitry records the received signals and discerns a particle's nature, most often plastic from non-plastic, from the differential signal of these received signals as a function of frequency. 1. A device for the measurement of impedance properties of particles suspended in a liquid , comprising:a channel comprising a first and second wall, said channel configured to constrain a working fluid;a transmit electrode in contact with said first wall;a first receive electrode in contact with said second wall;circuitry connected to said transmit electrode and said first receive electrode;wherein said circuitry is configured to supply upstream current to said transmit electrode;wherein said transmit electrode is configured to emit excitation signals having at least one frequency into said channel and said first receive electrode is configured to receive said excitation signals, producing first downstream current; andwherein said circuitry measures impedance of said working fluid using said first downstream current and determines (i) the presence of a suspended particle in said working fluid and (ii) at least one parameter of said suspended particle.2. The device of wherein said at least one parameter is said suspended particle's composition of either (i) plastic substance or (ii) organic material.3. The device of further comprising:a second receive electrode connected to said circuitry, in contact with said second wall, and ...

EXPANSION RATIO DETECTION SYSTEM

An expansion ratio detection system for rubber, including a controller, a rubber sampling module, a rubber calender, a temperature control module, and an expansion ratio detection module. The rubber sampling module obtains a rubber to be tested consistent with a weight value. After the temperature control module determines that the rubber to be tested has reached a first temperature value, the rubber calender outputs the rubber to be tested having a thickness value. The expansion ratio detection module obtains an expansion ratio according to twice the thickness value and a roller pitch. 1. An expansion ratio detection system for a rubber continuously calendered at least six times and having a mooney index , comprising:a controller configured to produce a weight value, a first temperature value and a roller pitch G,a rubber sampling module coupled to the controller, and the rubber sampling module configured to sample the rubber according to the weight value to obtain a rubber to be tested consistent with the weight value,a rubber calender coupled to the controller and the rubber sampling module, the rubber calender including two rollers arranged in parallel, the two rollers spaced apart from each other by the roller pitch G,a temperature control module coupled to the controller and the rubber calender, the temperature control module configured to maintain the rubber to be tested to have the first temperature value, when the temperature control module configured to determine that the rubber to be tested in the rubber calender has reached the first temperature value, the two rollers configured to continuously calender the rubber to be tested at least two times, and the rubber calender configured to output the rubber to be tested having a thickness value D, andan expansion ratio detection module coupled to the controller and the rubber calender, the expansion ratio detection module configured to obtain an expansion ratio E=2D/G according to twice the thickness value D ...

INFORMATION ACQUIRING APPARATUS AND INFORMATION ACQUIRING METHOD FOR ACQUIRING INFORMATION ON SPECIMEN BY USING TERAHERTZ WAVE

An information acquiring apparatus that acquires information on a specimen by applying terahertz wave to the specimen through a plate-like member, the specimen being provided between a reflecting member having a reflecting surface and the plate-like member. The apparatus includes an applying unit that applies the terahertz wave to the specimen, a detecting unit that detects the terahertz wave reflected from the specimen, and an information acquiring unit that acquires the information on the specimen by using temporal waveforms acquired from a result of detection performed by the detecting unit, the information acquiring unit using at least a temporal waveform representing a portion of the terahertz wave that is reflected by an interface between the plate-like member and the specimen and a temporal waveform representing a portion of the terahertz wave that is reflected by an interface between the specimen and the reflecting surface of the reflecting member. 1. An information acquiring apparatus that acquires information on a specimen by applying terahertz wave to the specimen through a plate-like member , the specimen being provided between a reflecting member and the plate-like member , the reflecting member having a reflecting surface that reflects the terahertz wave , the apparatus comprising:an applying unit that applies the terahertz wave to the specimen;a detecting unit that detects the terahertz wave reflected from the specimen; andan information acquiring unit that acquires the information on the specimen from a result of detection performed by the detecting unit, the information acquiring unit using at least a temporal waveform representing a portion of the terahertz wave that is reflected by an interface between the plate-like member and the specimen and a temporal waveform representing a portion of the terahertz wave that is reflected by an interface between the specimen and the reflecting surface of the reflecting member.2. The information acquiring ...

ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED ITEMS WITH FLAME RESISTANCE, PROCESS FOR MAKING AND PROCESS FOR TESTING THEIR FLAME PERFORMANCE

A process for making an article by additive manufacture having resistance to dripping when burned comprising (1) depositing a multitude of thermoplastic monofilament strands using a fused deposition modeling apparatus in a pattern and (2) fusing the multitude of strands together to make an article of manufacture having voids therein; wherein the article of additive manufacture has (a) at least 50% of the monofilament strands oriented within 45 degrees of the long part of the axis; (b) the multitude of strands is greater than 10; (c) having a specific micro structure; and (d) is made from a thermoplastic polymer composition that is either the combination of a thermoplastic polymer with a flame retardant compound, a thermoplastic resin having flame resistant properties, or a combination of a thermoplastic resin having flame resistant properties with a flame retardant compound. 1. A process for making an article by additive manufacturing having a resistance to dripping when burned comprising (1) depositing a multitude of thermoplastic monofilament strands each having a diameter from 0.1 to 20.0 mm using a fused deposition modeling apparatus in a pattern and (2) fusing the multitude of strands together to make an article of manufacture having voids therein; wherein the article of additive manufacture comprises a thermoplastic polymer composition , the article of manufacture having (a) at least 50% of the monofilament strands oriented within 45 degrees of the long part of the axis; (b) the multitude of strands is greater than 10; (c) a micro structure as measured by optical microscopy containing from 1% to 20% by volume of voids wherein at least 80% of the voids are high aspect voids and less than 20% of the voids are spherical voids with a diameter of 10 to 100 microns; and (d) wherein the thermoplastic polymer composition comprises either the combination of a thermoplastic polymer with a flame retardant compound , a thermoplastic resin having flame resistant properties ...

MICROWAVE EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE FOR RUBBER AND RESIN ANALYSIS

Methods are described for microwave extraction of a component from a rubber-containing plant by providing a container holding a mixture of a sample of the rubber-containing plant and a solvent, placing the container holding the mixture in a vessel, irradiating the mixture in the vessel to increase the temperature of the mixture to extract the component from the sample of the rubber-containing plant into the solvent, and separating the extracted component from the solvent to quantify the amount of the component in the sample. Methods are also described for quantifying the amount of natural rubber in a sample from a rubber-containing plant and quantifying the amount of resin in a sample from a rubber-containing plant. 1. A method for microwave extraction of a component from a rubber-containing plant comprising the steps of:a. providing a container holding a mixture of a sample of the rubber-containing plant and a solvent;b. placing the container holding the mixture in a vessel;c. irradiating the mixture in the vessel to increase the temperature of the mixture to extract the component from the sample of the rubber-containing plant into the solvent; andd. separating the extracted component from the solvent to quantify the amount of the component in the sample.2PartheniumHevea brasilensis, Taraxacum officinaleTaraxacum KokSaghyzEuphorbia lathyrisParthenium incanumChrysothamnus nauseosusPedilanthus macrocarpuscandilillaAsclepias syriaca, speciosa, subulata, incarnataSolidago altissima, graminifolia, rigida, leavenworthiiCacalia atripilicifoliaPycnanthemum incanumTeucreum canadenseCampanula AmericanaLactuaca serriolaFicus bengalensis, carica, elasticaficusCastilla elasticCryptostegia grandifloraSonchus arvensis, oleraceousSilphium. The method of claim 1 , the rubber-containing plant being argentatum (a Guayule plant) claim 1 , (dandelion) claim 1 , -(Russian dandelion) claim 1 , (gopher plant) claim 1 , (mariola) claim 1 , (rabbitbrush) claim 1 , () claim 1 , claim 1 , et ...

RESIN IMPREGNATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

A resin impregnation measurement system includes first electrodes, second electrodes, a measurement controller, and an impregnation ratio deriving unit. The first electrodes extend in parallel. The second electrodes are disposed so as to oppose to the first electrodes across a container and extend in a direction intersecting the first electrodes. The container is configured to be filled with a resin. The measurement controller is configured to sequentially switch between the first electrodes and the second electrodes and measure electrostatic capacities of measurement regions where the first electrodes are opposite to the second electrodes. The impregnation ratio deriving unit is configured to derive an impregnation ratio of the resin to the fiber base material in the container on a basis of a distribution of the electrostatic capacities of the measurement regions. 1. A resin impregnation measurement system comprising:a plurality of first electrodes that extend in parallel;a plurality of second electrodes disposed so as to oppose to the first electrodes across a container in which a fiber base material is to be placed and extending in a direction intersecting the first electrodes, the container being configured to be filled with a resin;a measurement controller configured to sequentially switch between the plurality of first electrodes and the plurality of second electrodes and measure electrostatic capacities of a plurality of measurement regions where the first electrodes are opposite to the second electrodes; andan impregnation ratio deriving unit configured to derive an impregnation ratio of the resin to the fiber base material in the container on a basis of a distribution of the electrostatic capacities of the plurality of measurement regions.2. The resin impregnation measurement system according to claim 1 , wherein a longitudinal direction of the measurement regions is set to a flowing direction of the resin.3. The resin impregnation measurement system ...

TREAD DETECTING DEVICE AND TREAD DETECTING MODULE

A tread detecting device and a trend detecting module are provided. The tread detecting device is disposed at a first predetermined thickness of a tire. The tread detecting device includes a control module providing a voltage or a current, and a tread detection module including a first tread detecting layer. The first tread detecting layer is disposed at the first predetermined thickness of the tire. The control module is electrically connected to the tread detecting module. The control module detects a variation of an impedance value of the tread detecting module to determine whether the thickness of the tread of the tire is less than or equal to the first predetermined thickness. 1. A tread detecting device disposed at a first predetermined thickness of a tire , the tread detecting device comprising:a control module providing a voltage or a current; anda tread detection module including a first tread detecting layer disposed at the first predetermined thickness of the tire;wherein the control module is electrically connected to the tread detecting module;wherein the processing module detects a variation of an impedance value of the tread detecting module to determine whether the thickness of the tread of the tire is less than or equal to the first predetermined thickness.2. The tread detecting device of claim 1 , further comprising: a communication module claim 1 , wherein the control module transmits a tread determination result to a vehicle computer through the communication module.3. The tread detecting device of claim 1 , wherein the tread detecting module further includes a second tread detecting layer disposed at a second predetermined thickness of the tire.4. The tread detecting device of claim 3 , wherein a predetermined distance is defined between the first predetermined thickness of the tire and the second predetermined thickness of the tire.5. The tread detecting device of claim 4 , wherein the predetermined distance is zero.6. The tread detecting ...

EVALUATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR EVALUATING VULCANIZED RUBBER MATERIAL DETERIORATION BY OZONE

A test sample of a vulcanized rubber material is placed under a preset placement condition in a fixing frame in a test tank having a predetermined ozone concentration, and detection data is acquired by detecting, over time, with a laser sensor disposed facing a surface of the test sample that has been placed in the test tank, a distance from the laser sensor to the surface of the test sample; and determining a change in a surface state of the test sample between a plurality of points in time by analyzing, with a computation device, the detection data that has been acquired. Such evaluation method and evaluation system for evaluating ozone deterioration of a vulcanized rubber material can accurately determine a change over time in ozone deterioration while reducing working man-hours. 1. A method , for evaluating ozone deterioration of a vulcanized rubber material , in which a test sample of a vulcanized rubber material is placed under a preset placement condition in a test tank having a predetermined ozone concentration and a change over time in a surface state of the test sample is determined , the method comprising:acquiring detection data by detecting, over time, with a laser sensor disposed facing a surface of the test sample that has been placed in the test tank, a distance from the laser sensor to the surface; anddetermining a change in the surface state of the test sample between a plurality of points in time, based on the detection data.2. The method for evaluating ozone deterioration of a vulcanized rubber material according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , as the change in the surface state of the test sample claim 1 , at least one determination item among a total number of ozone cracks that have occurred per unit area claim 1 , a total volume of ozone cracks that have occurred per unit area claim 1 , and a total area of ozone cracks that have occurred per unit area is determined.3. The method for evaluating ozone deterioration of a vulcanized rubber material ...

OZONE DETERIORATION EVALUATION METHOD AND EVALUATION SYSTEM OF VULCANIZED RUBBER MATERIAL

A test sample of a vulcanized rubber material is placed under a preset placement condition in a fixing frame in a test tank having a predetermined ozone concentration, and digital image data is acquired by capturing at a fixed point, over time, with at least one camera device, images of a surface of the test sample that has been placed in the test tank; and determining a change in a surface state of the test sample between a plurality of points in time by analyzing, with a computation device, the image data that has been acquired. Such evaluation method for evaluating ozone deterioration of a vulcanized rubber material can accurately determine a change over time in ozone deterioration while reducing working man-hours. 1. A method , for evaluating ozone deterioration of a vulcanized rubber material , in which a test sample of a vulcanized rubber material is placed under a preset placement condition in a test tank having a predetermined ozone concentration and a change over time in a surface state of the test sample is determined , the method comprising:acquiring image data, which is digital data, by capturing at a fixed point, over time, with at least one camera device, images of a surface of the test sample that has been placed in the test tank; anddetermining a change in the surface state of the test sample between a plurality of points in time, based on the image data.2. The method for evaluating ozone deterioration of a vulcanized rubber material according to claim 1 , wherein as the at least one camera device claim 1 , two types of a video camera device claim 1 , namely claim 1 , a video camera device and a still image camera device claim 1 , are used.3. The method for evaluating ozone deterioration of a vulcanized rubber material according to claim 1 , wherein the change in the surface state of the test sample between the plurality of points in time is determined using processed data obtained by performing sharpening processing on each of the image data.4. The ...

Method for Evaluating Properties of Melt-Blown Plastic Resin

A method for evaluating physical properties of a melt-blown plastic resin, and, more specifically, a novel method for evaluating physical properties are provided. When a particular plastic resin is processed by a melt-blown process, a stretching diameter value after the process of the plastic resin can be accurately derived from a physical property value measured using a specimen of the resin. 1. A method for evaluating physical properties of a melt-blown plastic resin comprising:measuring a molecular weight distribution for a plastic resin specimen;deriving a peak molecular weight value from the molecular weight distribution;deriving a molecular weight distribution value (Mw/Mn) from the molecular weight distribution; andpredicting a stretching diameter of the plastic resin specimen manufactured from a melt-blown process using the peak molecular weight value and the molecular weight distribution value.2. The method according to claim 1 , whereinwhen the molecular weight distribution of the plastic resin specimens is measured by GPC/SEC, the peak molecular weight value is a molecular weight value corresponding to a largest peak.3. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe melt-blown process is performed under the temperature condition of 150° C. to 250° C.4. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe melt-blown process is performed at a longitudinal stretch ratio of 100 times to 10,000 times.5. The method according to claim 1 , whereinpredicting the stretching diameter comprises: {'br': None, 'i': a', 'Mp, 'sup': b', 'c, 'Polymer Characteristic Factor=(MWD)*()\u2003\u2003[Mathematical Formula 1]'}, 'deriving a polymer characteristic factor using Mathematical Formula 1 below.'}in Mathematical Formula 1,MWD is the molecular weight distribution value (Mw/Mn),Mp is the peak molecular weight value,a is 0.01 to 0.02,b is 0.8 to 1.0, andc is 0.20 to 0.22.6. The method according to claim 5 , whereinpredicting the stretching diameter comprises; {'br': None, 'i': d', 'e, ...

Methods for quantifying nitrogen-containing compounds in subterranean treatment fluids

It can sometimes be difficult to quantify the amount of polymer present in a subterranean treatment fluid, particularly at a job site. Methods for analyzing a treatment fluid for a polymer can comprise: receiving a sample of a treatment fluid comprising a nitrogen-containing polymer; placing the sample of the treatment fluid and an aqueous base in an oilfield retort; heating the sample of the treatment fluid and the aqueous base together in the oilfield retort at least until the nitrogen-containing polymer has been substantially hydrolyzed to one or more volatile nitrogen compounds; distilling the one or more volatile nitrogen compounds from the oilfield retort; and determining a quantity of the nitrogen-containing polymer in the sample of the treatment fluid based upon a quantity of the one or more volatile nitrogen compounds distilled from the oilfield retort. Analyses of other nitrogen-containing compounds may take place similarly.

Automated mapping system for controlling parameters of polymeric melt

A system for controlling parameters of polymeric film includes an extruder and a die which has a gap. A plurality of regulators are positioned along the die for regulating the gap. A cooling cylinder is located downstream of the die and a polymeric melt extends from the die to the cooling cylinder. An applicator device for creating a tracking lane in the polymeric melt is located proximate the gap. A sensor system is located downstream from the gap in a measuring location. The sensor system locates a transverse point for the respective tracking lane in the polymeric film at the measuring location. The sensor system is in communication with the regulators to adjust the gap based on a correlation of tracking lane position at origin point and transverse point at the measuring location.

SEMICONDUCTOR SOURCE BASED NEAR INFRARED MEASUREMENT DEVICE WITH IMPROVED SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO

A measurement system is provided with a light source that is configured to increase signal-to-noise ratio by increasing a light intensity from at least one of a plurality of semiconductor sources. An apparatus to receive a portion of the output optical beam, and deliver an analysis output beam to a sample. A receiver to: receive and process at least a portion of the analysis output beam reflected or transmitted from the sample, generate an output signal, and synchronize to the light source. A smart phone or tablet to: receive and process at least a portion of the output signal, store and display the processed output signal, and transmit at least a portion of the processed output signal. A cloud to: receive an output status comprising the at least a portion of the processed output signal, process the received output status to generate processed data, and store the processed data. 1. A measurement system comprising:a light source comprising a plurality of semiconductor sources that are configured to generate an output optical beam with one or more optical wavelengths, the light source configured to increase signal-to-noise ratio by increasing a light intensity from at least one of the plurality of semiconductor sources; receive a portion of the output optical beam, and', 'deliver an analysis output beam to a sample;, 'an apparatus configured to receive and process at least a portion of the analysis output beam reflected or transmitted from the sample,', 'generate an output signal,', 'synchronize to the light source,', 'capture light while the semiconductor sources are off and convert the captured light into a first signal,', 'capture light while at least one of the semiconductor sources is on and convert the captured light into a second signal, the captured light including at least a part of the at least a portion of the analysis output beam reflected or transmitted from the sample, and', 'the measurement system further configured to improve the signal-to-noise ratio ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CALCULATING CONCENTRATION OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICAL

A system for calculating a concentration of a water treatment chemical includes a water analyzer, databases storing information regarding a chemical component of the water treatment chemical, a server sending the information stored in the database, and a communication device sending the information acquired from the server to the water analyzer. The water analyzer includes a storage unit storing a calibration curve defining the relationship between the concentration of a chemical component and absorbance, a communication unit receiving the information regarding the chemical component of the water treatment chemical, an irradiation unit irradiating water to be analyzed with light, a detection unit detecting transmitted light, and an arithmetic and control unit calculating absorbance from the result of the detection by the detection unit, acquiring a calibration curve from the storage unit, and calculating the concentration of the chemical component with reference to the acquired calibration curve and the measured absorbance. 1. A system for calculating a concentration of a water treatment chemical , the system comprising:a water analyzer including an absorbance measuring device for measuring absorbance of water taken from a water system containing a water treatment chemical;a database that stores information regarding a type and proportion of a chemical component of the water treatment chemical;a server that sends the information regarding the type and proportion of the chemical component of the water treatment chemical to a communication device, the information being stored in the database; andthe communication device that acquires the information regarding the type and proportion of the chemical component from the server and sends the acquired information to the water analyzer, a storage unit that stores a calibration curve defining a relationship between a concentration of a chemical component and absorbance,', 'a communication unit that receives the information ...

Method for estimating vulcanization degree of rubber compound

A method for estimating the vulcanization degree of a rubber compound is disclosed. The torque of the rubber compound during vulcanization is measured to obtain a vulcanization curve. Values of invariables K1, K2 and m of a specific expression (1) which values minimize the error between the measured vulcanization curve and a (estimated cure) curve defined by the expression (1), are obtained. Each of different real numbers is assigned to the invariable K1 of the expression (1), and the expression (1) is approximated to the measured vulcanization curve, and then from the approximated expression (1), a set of values of the invariables K1, K2 and m are obtained. Such plural sets of the values are assigned to the expression (1) to obtain a plurality of the estimated vulcanization curves from which an estimated vulcanization curve whose error from the measured vulcanization curve is smallest, is found out.

DIAGNOSTIC SUPPORT FOR SKINS AND INSPECTION METHOD OF SKIN

A diagnostic support for a skin includes a radio-transparent structure that defines a folding surface of the skin and on which the skin may be stretched and consequently folded, thereby defining folded, mutually superimposed portions spaced apart from each other. The support may be used for radiographic inspection of a folded animal skin. 115-. (canceled)16. A diagnostic support for a skin , comprising:a radio-transparent structure configured to define at least one folding surface of said skin and on which said skin is at least partially stretched and consequently folded, thereby defining folded, mutually superimposed portions of said skin,wherein said radio-transparent structure is configured to position itself between said folded portions, thus spacing them apart from each other.17. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein said radio-transparent structure is configured to fold said skin claim 16 , thereby defining folded portions that are equally spaced from one another.18. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein said radio-transparent structure comprises a flexible plate defining said folding surface and configured to roll up on itself claim 16 , thus folding said skin.19. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein:said radio-transparent structure defines a longitudinal plane and comprises a plurality of sections, each section defining one of said at least one folding surfaces, andsaid sections are mutually alternated on opposite sides with respect to said longitudinal plane and axially spaced from each other.20. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein said radio-transparent structure comprises a plurality of panels configured to be stacked claim 16 , thereby placing said skin between said panels.21. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein said radio-transparent structure comprises a first fork comprising first tines and a second fork comprising second tines configured to position themselves ...

FLUOROPHORES FOR RECYCLED CONTENT VERIFICATION

A process of utilizing one or more fluorophores to identify recycled content includes receiving, at a compounding entity, recycled material that is collected and sorted by a sorting entity. The process includes adding one or more fluorophores to the recycled material to form a recycled resin. The process also includes forming a mixed material from a resin blend that includes a first weight percentage of the recycled resin and a second weight percentage of virgin resin. The process further includes collecting spectral data for the mixed material and storing the spectral data for the mixed material for subsequent recycled content verification testing. 1. A process of utilizing one or more fluorophores to identify recycled content , the process comprising:receiving, at a compounding entity, recycled material that is collected and sorted by a sorting entity;adding one or more fluorophores to the recycled material to form a recycled resin;forming a mixed material from a resin blend that includes a first weight percentage of the recycled resin and a second weight percentage of virgin resin;collecting spectral data for the mixed material; andstoring the spectral data for the mixed material for subsequent recycled content verification testing by a verification entity.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the spectral data includes fluorescence intensity data for the mixed material.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein adding the one or more fluorophores to the recycled material includes:adding a first fluorophore to identify a first source of recycled content; andadding a second fluorophore to identify a second source of recycled content.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the first fluorophore is added to the recycled material to identify the first source of recycled content as a post-industrial recycled content source claim 3 , and wherein the second fluorophore is added to the recycled material to identify the second source of recycled content as a post-consumer recycled ...

TECHNIQUES FOR SELECTION OF LIGHT SOURCE CONFIGURATIONS FOR MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION

Techniques for selecting a spectroscopic light source include obtaining a light source dataset and a spectroscopic dataset, initializing a genetic algorithm, selecting a first individual solution and a second individual solution from an initial generation of solutions, generating a new individual solution from the first and second individual solutions by combining their respective chromosome encodings, evaluating a specificity of the new individual solution to a target material, adding the new individual solution to a new generation of solutions, populating the new generation of solutions with a plurality of additional individual solutions, generating one or more descendent generations of solutions by iterating the genetic algorithm, selecting one or more implementation individual solutions exhibiting a threshold specificity to the target material, and outputting the one or more implementation individual solutions.

A METHOD FOR THE DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF NANO OR MICRO PLASTIC PARTICLES

The present invention relates to a method for the detection of at least one nano or micro plastic particle comprised in a heterogeneous matrix material comprising the following steps: applying of at least one part of a heterogeneous matrix material comprising at least one nano or micro plastic particle onto at least a portion of a surface of a conductive support thereby forming a first layer onto said surface, irradiating of at least a portion of said first layer with at least one ion beam, thereby forming an irradiated layer, detecting of the at least one nano or micro plastic particle comprised in said irradiated layer by a detection method chosen from the group of Raman nanoscopic techniques, or infrared nanoscopic techniques, or charge dependent detection methods or combination thereof. The present invention allowed good detection of micro and nano plastic particles with high resolution and sensitivity.

LIGHT DEFLECTOR, ANALYZER, RESIN IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM, AND DISTANCE MEASUREMENT DEVICE

A light deflector includes a movable portion including a reflector; multiple drive beams supporting the movable portion to allow the movable portion to be oscillatable; at least one supporting part supporting the multiple drive beams, the at least one supporting part including a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion different from the first connecting portion; and a stopper having one end connected to the first connecting portion and the other end connected to the second connecting portion on the at least one supporting part to be contactable with and straddle the multiple drive beams.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR DETERMINING AN ALLOWABLE MOISTURE CONTENT IN A COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

A computer-implemented method of determining moisture content of a composite structure is provided. The method includes performing a thermal analysis calculation on the composite structure to determine a temporal surface temperature profile of the composite structure based on temporal environmental parameter profiles, wherein the surface temperature profile is determined independently of a moisture content of the composite structure. The method also includes performing a moisture content analysis calculation on the composite structure to determine a moisture content of the composite structure, wherein the moisture content analysis calculation is based on the determined temporal surface temperature profile and a thickness of the composite structure. The thermal analysis calculation is performed iteratively with a first time period and the moisture content analysis calculation is performed iteratively with a second time period that is longer than the first time period. 1. A computer-implemented method of determining moisture content of a composite structure , said method comprising:performing a thermal analysis calculation on the composite structure to determine a temporal surface temperature profile of the composite structure based on temporal environmental parameter profiles,wherein the surface temperature profile is determined independently of a moisture content of the composite structure; andperforming a moisture content analysis calculation on the composite structure to determine a moisture content of the composite structure, wherein the moisture content analysis calculation is based on the determined temporal surface temperature profile and a thickness of the composite structure,wherein the thermal analysis calculation is performed iteratively with a first time period and the moisture content analysis calculation is performed iteratively with a second time period that is longer than the first time period.2. The method according to further comprising ...

Hydrophobic Nucleic Acid Salts As Security Markers

The invention provides a method of marking a hydrophobic medium with a nucleic acid marker, the method includes: providing a trialkylammonium salt of the nucleic acid marker, a tetraalkylphosphonium salt of the nucleic acid marker or a tetraarylphosphonium salt of the nucleic acid marker; and incorporating the trialkylammonium salt of the nucleic acid marker, the tetraalkylphosphonium salt of the nucleic acid marker or the tetraarylphosphonium salt of the nucleic acid marker into the hydrophobic medium. The hydrophobic medium can be authenticated after shipping or recovery from the stream of commerce by detecting the nucleic acid marker in a sample of the hydrophobic medium. 1. A method of marking a hydrophobic medium with a nucleic acid marker , the method comprising:providing a trialkylammonium salt of the nucleic acid marker, a tetraalkylphosphonium salt of the nucleic acid marker or a tetraarylphosphonium salt of the nucleic acid marker; andincorporating the trialkylammonium salt of the nucleic acid marker, the tetraalkylphosphonium salt of the nucleic acid marker or the tetraarylphosphonium salt of the nucleic acid marker into the hydrophobic medium.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sequence of the nucleic acid marker encodes information specific to the hydrophobic medium.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid marker comprises DNA.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the DNA comprises a single stranded molecule of from about 10 to about 10 claim 3 ,000 bases.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the DNA is a single stranded molecule of from about 15 to about 1 claim 4 ,000 bases.6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the DNA is a double stranded molecule of from about 10 to about 10 claim 3 ,000 base pairs.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the DNA is a double stranded molecule of from about 15 to about 1 claim 6 ,000 base pairs.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid marker is a non-natural sequence.9. A method of authenticating a ...

Process for Extending the Shelf Life of Gaseous Olefinic Propellants in Polyurethane Foams

The invention described herein generally pertains to a composition and a method for improving the shelf life of a gaseous hydrofluoroolefin propellant, the improvement comprising at least the increased aromatic polyester polyol(s) in combination with a tertiary amine catalyst comprising at least two cyclohexyl rings and an aliphatic metal salt catalyst, the amine catalyst having less than 10% nitrogen on a weight basis. 117-. (canceled)19. The polyurethane foam of whereinsaid at least one aromatic polyester polyol is at least two aromatic polyester polyols.20. The polyurethane foam of which further comprisesno more than ˜1 wt. % of an aliphatic polyether polyol.21. The polyurethane foam of comprising:essentially no added water.22. The polyurethane foam of in which the at least one aromatic polyester polyol comprises:at least two aromatic rings.23. The polyurethane foam of whereinthe at least one tertiary amine catalyst comprises no more than 11 wt. % nitrogen.24. The polyurethane foam of whereinthe at least one tertiary amine catalyst comprises no more than 10 wt. % nitrogen.25. The polyurethane foam of whereinthe aliphatic metal salt is a metal alkanoate.26. The polyurethane foam of whereinthe metal alkanoate is a potassium alkanoate.27. The polyurethane foam of whereinthe potassium alkanoate is potassium octoate.28. The polyurethane foam of whereinthe polyurethane foam has a rise, a height, an initial foam gel time and a tack time which is within approximately 20% of those parameters using the propellant HFO-1234ze as compared to a polyurethane foam blown using the blowing agent HFC-134a after accelerated aging of said reactants when under pressure of at least approximately 130 psi.29. The polyurethane foam of whereina catalytic decay ratio of the gel time of the polyurethane foam exposed to accelerated aging involving storing the reactant combination and propellant at 50° C. for approximately 48 days prior to reacting the “A” and “B” cylinders and spraying the ...

DEVICE AND METHOD TO OBTAIN THE VISCOSITY OF POLYMER FLUIDS USED FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY

An apparatus for measuring a viscosity of a fluid is disclosed. The apparatus includes a Parylene coated quartz tuning fork for immersion in the fluid and an electronic circuit to excite a vibration of the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork and measure one or more vibrational parameters of the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork. A computer processor is configured to determine a non-Newtonian viscosity from the vibration of the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork based, at least in part, on a Stokes flow hydrodynamic model. The computer processor is coupled to a memory for storing a calibration curve to determine a Newtonian viscosity of the fluid from the non-Newtonian viscosity of the fluid. 1. An apparatus for measuring a viscosity of a fluid , comprising:a Parylene coated quartz tuning fork for immersion in the fluid;an electronic circuit to excite a vibration of the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork and measure one or more vibrational parameters of the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork; anda computer processor configured to determine a non-Newtonian viscosity from the vibration of the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork based, at least in part, on a Stokes flow hydrodynamic model,wherein the computer processor is coupled to a memory for storing a calibration curve to determine a Newtonian viscosity from the non-Newtonian viscosity.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a fluid probe in which the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork is installed.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , a generator that provides a voltage signal to actuate the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork and provides a reference signal to a lock-in amplifier;', 'a converter to convert a current, produced by the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork, to a voltage; and', 'the lock-in amplifier to amplify a measured response of the Parylene coated quartz tuning fork using the reference signal from the generator., 'wherein the electronic circuit comprises4. The apparatus of claim 3 ,wherein the ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING DEGRADATION RATE OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS IN SOIL

A device for determining degradation rate of biodegradable polymers in soil, including a micro compressed air pump, a first COabsorption vessel filled with dry soda lime or an aqueous strong alkali solution, a COindicator vessel filled with a barium hydroxide solution, a hollow leaching device, a second COabsorption vessel and a third COabsorption vessel connected in sequence through connecting pipes. A top of the hollow leaching device is provided with an end cover. An external water distributor filled with a leaching solution and a mechanical stirring device is arranged above the end cover. The external water distributor is in communication with an inner cavity of the hollow leaching device through a pipeline. A stirring shaft of the mechanical stirring device extends into the inner cavity. A stirring shaft is provided with a stirring paddle. 1. A device for determining a degradation rate of a biodegradable polymer in soil , comprising:a micro compressed air pump;{'sub': '2', 'a first COabsorption vessel;'}{'sub': '2', 'a COindicator vessel;'}a hollow leaching device;{'sub': '2', 'a second COabsorption vessel; and'}{'sub': '2', 'a third COabsorption vessel;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'wherein the micro compressed air pump, the first COabsorption vessel, the COindicator vessel, the hollow leaching device, the second COabsorption vessel, and the third COabsorption vessel are connected in sequence through a connecting pipe; a top of the hollow leaching device is provided with an end cover; an external water distributor and a mechanical stirring device are arranged above the end cover; the external water distributor is in communication with an inner cavity of the hollow leaching device through a connecting pipeline; a stirring shaft of the mechanical stirring device extends into the inner cavity of the hollow leaching device; the stirring shaft in the hollow leaching device is provided with a stirring paddle; the first COabsorption vessel is filled ...

Testing apparatus for cured liners used in pipeline rehabilitation

A testing apparatus for onsite creation of cured sample liners necessary for confirming proper rehabilitation of pipelines includes a testing box having a base with a plurality of upstanding side walls defining an open upper end of the testing box. The testing box also includes an electrical power control assembly and an ultraviolet light assembly. A liner support manifold is shaped and dimensioned for supporting a sample liner and for attachment to the open upper end of the testing box for exposing the sample liner to pressure and ultraviolet light. In practice, and with the sample liner secured to the liner support manifold and the liner support manifold secured to the testing box, the sample liner is exposed to pressure and UV light in a highly controlled manner allowing for replication of actual in-line curing processing.

CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR A RESIN

The present disclosure is directed to a method of altering chemical properties of an in-process resin used with a 3D printing apparatus. The method includes monitoring the in-process resin using an imaging spectrometer, comparing the in-process resin and a model using one or more spectrums from the imaging spectrometer, and diluting the in-process resin with a diluting resin. 1. A method of altering chemical properties of an in-process resin used with a 3D printing apparatus , the method comprising:monitoring the in-process resin using an imaging spectrometer;comparing the in-process resin and a model using one or more spectrums from the imaging spectrometer; anddiluting the in-process resin with a diluting resin.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:identifying a standard peak based at least in part on comparing one or more first spectrums and one or more second spectrums from the imaging spectrometer.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:identifying at least one chemical constituent peak indicating depletion of a chemical constituent based at least in part on comparing one or more first spectrums and one or more second spectrums from the imaging spectrometer.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining at least one peak ratio based at least in part on a standard peak and at least one chemical constituent peak.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:generating a life cycle of the in-process resin based at least on an operating range of the at least one peak ratio.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining a range of peak ratios to which to dilute the in-process resin with the diluting resin.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving one or more third spectrums from the imaging spectrometer, wherein the one or more third spectrums define at least one absorbance value versus a wavenumber for a diluting resin; anddetermining at least one peak ratio for the diluting resin based at least in part on the ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MONITORING MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICS

The invention relates to a device and a method for inline quality checking for plastics during the production process, comprising at least two different measuring devices, wherein the device has a unit for sampling plastic melt from the production extruder, a unit for moulding a flat film from this plastic melt, and units for transporting the flat film to the measuring devices and for finishing the flat film. 1. Device for in-line quality checking for plastics during the production process , comprising at least two different measuring devices selected from the group of measuring devices for determining the rheological properties , measuring devices for colour measurement , measuring devices for detecting inclusions and gel particles and the like , measuring devices for judging the optical properties , and measuring devices for determining the mechanical parameters , studying the olfactory parameters , wherein the device has a unit for sampling plastic melt from the production extruder , a unit for moulding a flat film from this plastic melt , and units for transporting the flat film to the measuring devices and for finishing the flat film.2. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the device is coupled via an adapter to a side strand of the extruder and the sampling of the plastic melt occurs after opening of a valve.3. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the sampling of the plastic melt is performed through a borehole into the cylinder housing of the output region of the extruder.4. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the sampling of the plastic melt is performed by a displacement body claim 1 , which is positioned in the melt flow and around which the melt is conducted to a borehole in the cylinder housing of the extruder.5. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the device has a sheet die and a casting roller for moulding a flat film.6. Device according to claim 1 , wherein the device comprises two roller pairs for stretching the flat film.7. Device according to ...

PREDICTION OF ALIGNER PROGRESSIVE DAMAGE USING SIMULATION

Embodiments relate to an aligner breakage solution that tests progressive damage to an aligner. A method includes gathering a digital model representing an aligner for a dental arch of a patient, and simulating progressive damage to the aligner. Simulating progressive damage for a region of the aligner comprises simulating, using at least the digital model, a sequence of loads on the aligner, determining an amount of damage to the region of the aligner for each load, and after each simulation of a load on the aligner, updating the digital model based on the amount of damage to the region of the aligner. The method further includes determining whether a damage criterion is satisfied for at least one region of the aligner and determining whether to implement one or more corrective actions for the aligner. 1. A method comprising:gathering at least a first digital model representing an aligner for a dental arch of a patient, wherein the aligner comprises a plurality of tooth-receiving cavities, wherein the dental arch comprises a plurality of tooth structures, and wherein each of the plurality of tooth-receiving cavities is configured to fit over one of the plurality of tooth structures; simulating, using at least the first digital model, a sequence of a plurality of loads on the aligner;', 'for each simulation of a load of the plurality of loads on the aligner, determining an amount of damage to the region of the aligner; and', 'after each simulation of the load on the aligner, updating the first digital model based on the amount of damage to the region of the aligner;, 'simulating progressive damage to the aligner to determine a total amount of damage to each of one or more regions of the aligner, wherein simulating the progressive damage for a region of the aligner comprisesdetermining whether a damage criterion is satisfied for at least one region of the one or more regions of the aligner based upon the total amount of damage to each of the one or more regions of ...

QUALITY INSPECTION METHOD FOR POLYURETHANE SAMPLES, ELECTRONIC NOSE DEVICE AND STORAGE MEDIUM

The present invention relates to a quality inspection method for polyurethane samples, an electronic nose device and a storage medium. The quality inspection method for a polyurethane sample comprises the following steps: comparing measured spectrum information of a polyurethane sample to be inspected to reference spectrum information of a plurality of inspected polyurethane samples to determine the reference spectrum information with a predetermined confidence interval to which the measured spectrum information conforms, wherein each of the reference spectrum information is associated with property information of corresponding inspected polyurethane samples; and obtaining a quality inspection result of the polyurethane sample to be inspected on the basis of the property information associated with the determined reference spectrum information. 1. A quality inspection method for a polyurethane sample , the quality inspection method comprising the following steps:comparing measured spectrum information of a polyurethane sample to be inspected to reference spectrum information of a plurality of inspected polyurethane samples to determine the reference spectrum information with a predetermined confidence interval to which the measured spectrum information conforms, wherein each of the reference spectrum information is associated with property information of corresponding inspected polyurethane samples; andobtaining a quality inspection result of the polyurethane sample to be inspected on the basis of the property information associated with the determined reference spectrum information.2. The quality inspection method according to claim 1 , wherein the property information includes smell evaluation information and/or a mark indicating whether the sample is a qualified sample.3. The quality inspection method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of measuring the polyurethane sample to be inspected to obtain the measured spectrum information.4. The quality ...

RUBBER FOOTPRINT AND ROLLING RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT

A system for measuring rolling resistance of a substrate may include a transparent support member including a contact surface, a rolling member including a cylindrical convex surface with the substrate attached on the cylindrical convex surface, the cylindrical convex surface placed on the contact surface, an oscillation mechanism coupled with the rolling member configured to drive an oscillatory rotational movement of the rolling member about a longitudinal axis of the rolling member. The oscillation mechanism may include two parallel arms attached at their respective midpoints to either base ends of the rolling member on a pivot axis overlapping the longitudinal axis of the rolling member, the two parallel arms attached to one another at respective ends of the two parallel arms by two links, and two adjustable weights, each of the two adjustable weights mounted on a respective link of the two links. The exemplary system may further include a light source arranged at one side of the transparent body such that light emitted from the light source reflected within the transparent support member, and an image capturing device placed below the contact surface configured to capture images of contact patch of the substrate through the transparent support member. 1. A system for testing properties of a substrate , the system comprising:a transparent support member comprising a transparent contact surface;a rolling member comprising a cylindrical convex surface with the substrate attached on the cylindrical convex surface, the cylindrical convex surface configured to be in constant contact with the transparent contact surface; two parallel arms attached at their respective midpoints to either base ends of the rolling member on a pivot axis overlapping the longitudinal axis of the rolling member, the two parallel arms attached to one another at respective ends of the two parallel arms by two links; and', 'two adjustable weights, each of the two adjustable weights mounted on ...

Methods Of Evaluating Deodorizing Ability Of Superabsorbent Polymer And Product Including The Same

Provided are methods of evaluating deodorizing ability of a superabsorbent polymer and a product including the same. According to the methods of evaluating deodorizing ability of the present invention, deodorizing ability of the superabsorbent polymer and the product including the same may be evaluated by measuring changes in the concentration of ammonia naturally generated in a wet state which is made close to the actual use environment. Accordingly, the deodorizing ability of the superabsorbent polymer and the product including the same may be evaluated more accurately and efficiently. 1. A method of evaluating deodorizing ability of a superabsorbent polymer , the method comprising the steps of:mixing a superabsorbent polymer with urea and urease;leaving the superabsorbent polymer, which is mixed with urea and urease, under an enclosed environment; andmeasuring a concentration of ammonia generated from the superabsorbent polymer.2. The method of evaluating deodorizing ability of the superabsorbent polymer of claim 1 , wherein the urea and urease are mixed after being dissolved in a saline solution (0.9 wt % NaCl solution).3. The method of evaluating deodorizing ability of the superabsorbent polymer of claim 2 , wherein a concentration of urea is 1% by weight to 10% by weight with respect to the saline solution.4. The method of evaluating deodorizing ability of the superabsorbent polymer of claim 2 , wherein a concentration of urease is 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight with respect to the saline solution.5. The method of evaluating deodorizing ability of the superabsorbent polymer of claim 1 , wherein the step of leaving the superabsorbent polymer claim 1 , which is mixed with urea and urease claim 1 , under an enclosed environment is performed at room temperature to 38° C.6. A method of evaluating deodorizing ability of a diaper claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:injecting urea and urease into a diaper including a superabsorbent polymer;leaving the ...

Method for online measurement of local permeability in resin transfer molding

A method for online measurement of local permeability in resin transfer molding adopts a detection module, which includes a pressure transducer unit, at least one image capture device and a processing unit electrically connected with the pressure transducer unit and the image capture device, to measure the local permeability of the flowing resin on line.

TIME-OF-FLIGHT IMAGING AND PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS

A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time. 1. A measurement system comprising:an array of laser diodes configured to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 600 nanometers and 1000 nanometers, wherein at least a portion of the array of laser diodes comprises one or more Bragg reflectors, wherein the at least a portion of the array of laser diodes is configured to be modulated with a pulsed output with a pulse duration of approximately 0.5 to 2 nanoseconds and a pulse repetition rate of several Megahertz, and wherein the array of laser diodes is further coupled to driver electronics and a thermal management accessory;a beam splitter configured to receive a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes and to direct at least some of the portion of the light from the array of laser diodes to tissue comprising skin, wherein the beam splitter is configured to separate the received portion of the light into a plurality of spatially separated lights;a detection system comprising a photodiode array, wherein the detection system further comprises one or more lenses and one or more spectral filters ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING WEAR OF A CONNECTOR CONTACT USING ATOM TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION

A method for examining wear of a connector contact using atom transfer radical polymerization. Metals in the connector contact are involved in atom transfer radical polymerization. In the method, polymers are formed via atom transfer radical polymerization. An average molecular weight and a polydispersity index of the polymers are determined. The exposure of underlying metal layers of the connector contact is determined based on the average molecular weight and atom transfer radical polymerization. 1. A method for examining wear of a connector contact using atom transfer radical polymerization , the method comprising:placing the connector contact into a reactor;adding chemicals for the atom transfer radical polymerization to the reactor;determining an average molecular weight and a polydispersity index of polymers in a sample from the reactor; anddetermining whether an underlying metal layer of the connector contact is exposed, based on the average molecular weight and the polydispersity index.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining that no copper layer and no nickel layer are exposed, in response to determining that no atom transfer radical polymerization occurs.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining that a nickel layer of the connector contact is exposed, in response to determining that the polydispersity index is greater than 2.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining that a copper layer of the connector contact is exposed, in response to determining that the polydispersity index is less than 2.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:keeping the reactor at a predetermined temperature.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:stirring the reactor for a predetermined time period.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:withdrawing the sample containing the polymers from the reactor.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:deoxygenating the reactor.9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising ...

USING TRACER TECHNOLOGY TO IDENTIFY PRODUCTION DETAILS

The present invention is a method of tagging resin product such that it can be identified. The method involves adding a series of tracer elements to a resin in specific amounts. The relative amounts of one or more of such tracer elements for each desired unit of production are varied, such that each unit of production has a unique combination of ratios of the various tracer elements. 1. A method of tagging resin product such that it can be identified comprising the steps ofa. adding a series of tracer elements to a resin in specific amounts;b. varying the relative amounts of one or more of such tracer elements for each desired unit of production, such that each unit of production has a unique combination of ratios of the various tracer elements.26. The method of wherein there are or more tracer elements which can be added to the resin.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein each tracer element may be omitted or be added at a low claim 2 , medium or high amount.4. A method of identifying a particular unit of production in which a resin product was made comprising the steps of:a) producing a resin;b) adding a series of tracer elements to the resin in specific amounts to produce a tagged product;c) adjusting the amounts of one or more of the tracer elements for each unit of production, such that each unit of production contains a unique combination of tracer elements in specific ratios to each other;d) keeping a record of each unique combination of tracer elements in specific ratios and any desired production data associated with that unit of production;e) analyzing a material which may contain the tagged product to identify the presence of the tracer elements and the ratios of each element to one another;f) comparing the identity of the tracer elements and the ratios of the amounts of the tracer elements to the record, to identify the particular unit of production.5. The method of wherein there are at least 6 different tracer elements which may be added to the resin.6. The ...

METHOD OF MAKING CURED PARTS

The invention pertains to a method of making cured parts from a composition comprising certain fluoroelastomers and certain bromine-containing compounds under conditions suitable for delivering cured parts possessing outstanding mechanical and sealing properties and incorporating suitable amounts of bromine-containing compounds, so that these cured parts, when submitted to wear/damage would release Br-containing compounds, which can easily detected using appropriate analytical techniques, so as to monitor and anticipate critical failures thereof. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the agent (A) is selected from compounds possessing catalytic activity towards activation of nitrile groups of monomer (CS—N) claim 1 , and wherein the agent (A) is referred to as an agent (A) claim 1 , and is selected from the group consisting of:an organic ammonia-generating compound, able to generate ammonia upon heating;an organotin compound.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein composition (C) comprises:marker (B), in an amount ranging from 0.10 to 10 phr, with respect to fluoroelastomer (A); and/oragent (A), in an amount of ranging from 0.10 to 10 phr, with respect to fluoroelastomer (A).11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of molding includes at least one of injection moulding claim 1 , compression moulding claim 1 , extrusion moulding claim 1 , coating claim 1 , screen printing claim 1 , forming-in-place claim 1 , and calendaring the composition (C) into the desired shaped article.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein molding is performed under heating at a temperature of at most 195° C. and/or at a temperature of at least 160° C.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said heating is pursued for a duration of at least 45 minutes and/or for a duration of less than 16 hours.14. Cured shaped article (P) obtained from the composition (C) using the method according to claim 1 , said cured shaped article (P) being selected from the group ...

Method and system for providing an assembly of an amount of used plastic material and an information carrier carrying quality data of the amount

Method for providing an assembly of an amount of used plastic material and an information carrier carrying data of at least one quality property of the amount of used plastic material, wherein providing the data of the at least one quality property comprises at least once: providing a predetermined amount of used plastic material; labelling the predetermined amount of used plastic material; and determining at least one quality property of the predetermined amount of used plastic material. A system for providing an assembly of an amount of used plastic material and data of at least one quality property of the amount of used plastic material, wherein the system comprises: a feeder for providing used plastic material; at least one quantity measuring system; a rheology measuring system; and an information carrier.

SHORT-WAVE INFRARED SUPER-CONTINUUM LASERS FOR NATURAL GAS LEAK DETECTION, EXPLORATION, AND OTHER ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS

A measurement system includes a light source having semiconductor sources configured to generate an input optical beam, a multiplexer configured form an intermediate optical beam from the input optical beam, fibers including a fused silica fiber configured to receive the intermediate optical beam and to form an output optical beam. The output optical beam comprises wavelengths between 700 and 2500 nanometers with a bandwidth of at least 10 nanometers. A measurement apparatus is configured to deliver the output beam to a sample to generate a spectroscopy output beam. A receiver is configured to receive and process the spectroscopy output beam to generate an output signal, wherein the receiver processing includes chemometrics or multivariate analysis methods to permit identification of materials within the sample, the light source and the receiver are remote from the sample, and the sample includes plastics or food industry goods. 1. A measurement system comprising: a plurality of semiconductor sources configured to generate an input optical beam;', 'a multiplexer configured to receive at least a portion of the input optical beam and to form an intermediate optical beam;', 'one or more fibers configured to receive at least a portion of the intermediate optical beam and to form the output optical beam;', 'wherein at least a portion of the one or more fibers comprises a fused silica fiber;', 'wherein the output optical beam comprises one or more optical wavelengths, at least a portion of which are between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers: and', 'wherein the output optical beam has a bandwidth of at least 10 nanometers;, 'a light source configured to generate an output optical beam, comprisinga measurement apparatus configured to receive a received portion of the output optical beam and to deliver a delivered portion of the output optical beam to a sample, wherein the delivered portion of the output optical beam is configured to generate a spectroscopy output beam from ...

FLOW ANALYSIS METHOD

Provided is a flow analysis method capable of predicting a flow state of a composite resin material by taking into account a change in filler dispersion degree of the composite resin material. In a flow analysis method for a composite resin material having a filler and a resin, in a certain process of identifying a region in which the composite resin material flows and analyzing a flow, an exothermic reaction speed of the composite resin material in the region is computed using a filler dispersion degree Vwf in the composite resin material, a temperature and the filler dispersion degree Vwf of the composite resin material in the region is computed using the computed exothermic reaction speed, and an exothermic reaction speed in a process subsequent to a process to is computed using the computed filler dispersion degree Vwf. 1. A flow analysis method for a composite resin material having a filler and a resin , the flow analysis method comprising:identifying a region in which the composite resin material flows; andcomputing an exothermic reaction speed of the composite resin material in the region using a filler dispersion degree in the composite resin material, computing a temperature and a filler dispersion degree of the composite resin material in the region using the computed exothermic reaction speed, and computing an exothermic reaction speed in a process subsequent to a certain process for flow analysis using the computed filler dispersion degree in the process for flow analysis.2. The flow analysis method according to claim 1 , wherein a divided region obtained by dividing the region into a plurality of regions is set as the region claim 1 , and a filler dispersion degree computed in a certain divided region is used for computation of an exothermic reaction speed in another region.3. The flow analysis method according to claim 1 , wherein the process is a process until the exothermic reaction speed of the composite resin material in the region is computed ...

Testing module and measuring apparatus having the same

A measuring apparatus includes a base and a testing module. The testing module is received in the base and includes a temperature-controlling bucket, a testing cylinder, and upper and lower pistons. The temperature-controlling bucket extends in a vertical direction and has a bucket wall having a bucket inner surface and a bucket outer surface opposite to the bucket inner surface. The testing cylinder extends in the vertical direction, is received in the temperature-controlling bucket, and has a cylinder wall having a cylinder inner surface and a cylinder outer surface opposite to the cylinder inner surface. The upper and lower pistons plug top and bottom ends of the testing cylinder, respectively. The upper piston has a receiving room located inside the upper piston, and has a piston temperature sensor and a piston heating wire received in the receiving room.

Quality Inspection Method and Quality Inspection System for Unvulcanized Rubber Material, and Production Method and Production System for Unvulcanized Rubber Material

Provided are a quality inspection method and a quality inspection system for unvulcanized rubber material. A final dielectric constant measurement device detects the dielectric constant of a final rubber material in which a compounding agent of predetermined type is mixed with unvulcanized rubber, and a calculator calculates a compounding ratio of the compounding agent to the final rubber material based on the detected dielectric constant, determines whether or not the calculated compounding ratio is in a preset compounding reference range, displays a determination result on a monitor, and adjusts a ratio of the compounding agent fed into an extruder to the unvulcanized rubber such that the calculated compounding ratio is within the compounding reference range. 1. A quality inspection method for unvulcanized rubber material comprising:based on a dielectric constant of an unvulcanized rubber material in which a compounding agent of predetermined type is mixed with unvulcanized rubber, calculating a compounding ratio of the compounding agent to the unvulcanized rubber material by a calculator; anddetermining whether or not the calculated compounding ratio is within a preset compounding reference range by the calculator.2. The quality inspection method for unvulcanized rubber material according to claim 1 , further comprising:dividing the unvulcanized rubber material into multiple segments in a plan view and detecting the dielectric constant for each of the segments;calculating a degree of dispersion of the compounding agent in the unvulcanized rubber material by the calculator based on a magnitude of a variation in the detected dielectric constants in the segments; anddetermining whether or not the calculated degree of dispersion is within a preset dispersion reference range.3. The quality inspection method for unvulcanized rubber material according to claim 2 , whereinthe segments are categorized into a plurality of ranks by the calculator based on a magnitude of the ...

METHOD FOR PROVIDING STABLE ISOINDOLE DERIVATIVES

Method for producing an isoindole derivative, the isoindole derivative obtainable by the methods, a methods for stabilizing an isoindole derivative, and methods for detection and/or quantification of macromolecules. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the electron deficient π-system is selected from the group consisting of pyridine claim 1 , pyrimidine claim 1 , benzoic acid claim 1 , benzonitrile claim 1 , (1 claim 1 ,1′ claim 1 ,1″-trifluoromethyl)benzene claim 1 , benzeneboronic acid claim 1 , nitrobenzene claim 1 , chlorobenzene claim 1 , quinoline claim 1 , isoquinoline claim 1 , naphthyridine claim 1 , the electron neutral π-system is benzene or naphthalene claim 1 , and the electron rich π-system is selected from the group consisting of toluene claim 1 , thiophene claim 1 , phenol claim 1 , furan claim 1 , pyrrole claim 1 , N claim 1 ,N-dimethylaniline.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein component I is an ortho-dialdehyde.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Component I is selected from the group consisting of 2 claim 1 ,3-pyridinedicarboxyaldehyde claim 1 , 3 claim 1 ,4-diformyl-benzoic acid claim 1 , 2-acetylthiophene-3-carboxyaldehyde claim 1 , and 4-(2-formylquinoline-3-carbonyl)benzoic acid.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the macromolecule as Component II has at least four amino groups.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the component II is selected from the group consisting of polylysine claim 1 , poly(amidoamine) dendrimers claim 1 , polypropylene imine dendrimers claim 1 , poly(melamine) dendrimers claim 1 , peptides claim 1 , proteins claim 1 , and sugars.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the macromolecule as Component II is a dendrimer with at least four amino groups.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thiol as Component III contains at least one thiol group and no primary amino group.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein Component III is a thiol containing compound ...

POLYMERIC ADDITIVES MADE USING BASE ADDITION AND RELATED METHODS

A method for assessing polymeric additive content A in a polymeric particle mixture may comprise determining a concentration B of a metal cation in a polymeric particle mixture comprising parent polymeric particles and polymeric additive particles, wherein the metal cation is selected from alkali earth metals and alkali metals, other than sodium (Na), and the metal cation is capable of forming a water-soluble base; determining a concentration C of the metal cation in the parent polymeric particles; determining a concentration D of the metal cation in the polymeric additive particles; and calculating a polymeric additive content A using formula A=(B−C)/D. 1. A method for assessing polymeric additive content A in a polymeric particle mixture , the method comprising:determining a concentration B of a metal cation in a polymeric particle mixture comprising parent polymeric particles and polymeric additive particles, wherein the metal cation is selected from alkali earth metals and alkali metals, other than sodium (Na), and the metal cation is capable of forming a water-soluble base;determining a concentration C of the metal cation in the parent polymeric particles;determining a concentration D of the metal cation in the polymeric additive particles; andcalculating a polymeric additive content, A using formula A=(B−C)/D.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric particle mixture is a toner polymeric particle mixture and the parent polymeric particles are toner parent polymeric particles.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric particle mixture is a 3D printing polymeric particle mixture and the parent polymeric particles are 3D printing polymeric particles.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the metal cation is selected from Li claim 1 , K claim 1 , Cs claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , and Ba.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the water-soluble base is selected from LiOH claim 4 , KOH claim 4 , CsOH claim 4 , Sr(OH) claim 4 , and Ba(OH).6. The method of claim 1 , ...

POLYMER COMPOSITION HAVING LOW SENSORY IMPRESSION OF SMELL

The present invention relates to a polymer composition having low sensory impression of smell comprising a polypropylene and a calcium salt of phosphoric acid, wherein in said polymer composition the amount of said calcium salt of phosphoric acid is preferably such to accomplish a sensory impression of smell measured according to VDA 270 of at most 4.0. 1. Polymer composition having low sensory impression of smell comprising a polypropylene and from 0.1-1.0 wt % of a calcium salt of phosphoric acid , based on the weight of the polymer composition.2. The polymer composition of wherein in said polymer composition the amount of said calcium salt of phosphoric acid is such to accomplish a sensory impression of smell measured according to VDA 270 of at most 4.0.3. Polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein said calcium salt of phosphoric acid is chosen from the group of tricalcium phosphate (Ca(PO)) claim 1 , calcium pyrophosphate (CaPO) claim 1 , dicalcium phosphate (CaHPO) and monocalcium phosphate (Ca(HPO4)).4. Polymer composition according to claim 1 , further comprising any one or more of C2-C3 copolymers claim 1 , elastomers claim 1 , mineral fillers claim 1 , impact modifier and reinforcement agents.5. Polymer composition according to claim 1 , comprising 10-99.9 wt. % of a polypropylene claim 1 , selected from the group of a propylene homopolymer and propylene impact copolymer claim 1 , 0-40 wt. % of a C2-C3 copolymer claim 1 , 0-20 wt. % of an elastomer claim 1 , 0-50 wt. % of a mineral filler and or reinforcement agent claim 1 , and 0.1-1 wt. % of said metal salt of phosphoric acid claim 1 , all percentages based on the total weight of said polymer composition.6. Polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein said calcium salt of phosphoric acid is present in an amount of 0.25 wt. %-0.75 wt. % claim 1 , based on the total weight of said polymer composition.7. Polymer composition according to claim 1 , wherein said polymer composition is a long-glass ...

METHOD OF EVALUATING RESIN

Provided is a method of evaluating a resin capable of quantitatively evaluating a deterioration degree of the resin with high accuracy and ease. The method includes evaluating the resin based on a shift of a characteristic peak representing a deterioration degree of the resin, the peak being observed in thermal analysis of the resin by a temperature increase, to lower temperatures. 1. A method of evaluating a resin , the method comprising evaluating the resin based on a shift of a characteristic peak representing a deterioration degree of the resin , the peak being observed in thermal analysis of the resin by a temperature increase , to lower temperatures.2. A method of evaluating a resin according to claim 1 , wherein the evaluating the resin is performed based on a temperature difference between the characteristic peak and a peak except the characteristic peak.3. A method of evaluating a resin according to claim 1 , wherein the resin comprises a resin having a side chain having a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring group and a crosslinking portion.4. A method of evaluating a resin according to claim 1 , wherein the resin comprises a catalyst obtained by causing a crosslinked vinylpyridine resin to carry a rhodium complex claim 1 , the catalyst being used as a catalyst in a method of producing acetic acid based on a methanol carbonylation reaction.5. A method of evaluating a resin claim 1 ,the method comprising:heating the resin to cause depolymerization resulting from random scission of a main chain of the resin;measuring a temperature of the resin at which the depolymerization occurs; andevaluating a deterioration degree of the resin based on the measured temperature. 1. Field of the InventionThe present invention relates to a method of evaluating a resin, including evaluating a deterioration degree of the resin.2. Description of the Related ArtAcetic acid is a basic chemical that finds use in a wide variety of applications such as raw materials for polyvinyl ...

EVALUATING PERFORMANCE METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ELASTIC MATERIAL

A performance evaluation method for elastic material including rubber or elastomer, the method includes a strain applying step of applying a strain to a test piece made of an elastic material, an imaging step of obtaining projected images of the test piece being strained by irradiating X-rays to the test piece, a detection step of detecting low-density regions in the test piece based on the projected images, wherein each low-density region is a region where density of a part of the elastic material becomes lower than that before receiving the strain, a relationship obtaining step of obtaining a density distribution between the densities and frequency of the low-density regions based on the detected low-density regions, and a distribution width calculation step of calculating a distribution width specified by a full width at half maximum FWHM from the density distribution approximated to a normal distribution. 1. A performance evaluation method for elastic material including rubber or elastomer , the method comprising:a strain applying step of applying a strain to a test piece made of an elastic material;an imaging step of obtaining projected images of the test piece being strained by irradiating X-rays to the test piece;a detection step of detecting low-density regions in the test piece based on the projected images, wherein each low-density region is a region where density of a part of the elastic material becomes lower than that before receiving the strain;a relationship obtaining step of obtaining a density distribution between the densities and frequency of the low-density regions based on the detected low-density regions; anda distribution width calculation step of calculating a distribution width specified by a full width at half maximum FWHM from the density distribution approximated to a normal distribution.2. The performance evaluation method according to claim 1 , further comprising an evaluation step of evaluating performance of the elastic material based ...

METHOD FOR PREDICTING PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS

The present invention relates to a method for predicting the physical properties of polymers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for predicting the processability of polymers using a molecular weight distribution curve. 1. A method for predicting physical properties of polymers comprising the steps of:measuring a molecular weight distribution curve of the polymer to be measured (herein, a log value of a molecular weight MW (log MW) is denoted by x-axis, and a molecular weight distribution to the log value (dwt/d log MW) is denoted by y-axis) using a gel permeation chromatography (GPC) at a temperature of 160° C.;dividing the section between 3.0 and 7.0 on the x-axis of the molecular weight distribution curve into four equal parts to obtain the integral value of the molecular weight distribution curve at each section; andpredicting a die swell ratio value from the integral value.2. The method for predicting the physical properties of polymers according to claim 1 , comprising a step of calculating the predicted value of the die swell ratio according to the following Equation 1 using the integral value:{'br': None, 'i': PV', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A, 'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'Die swell ratio, =(−0.136)*+(−0.1152)*+(−0.1033)*+(−0.181)*+13.97\u2003\u2003[Equation 1]'}in Equation 1 above,{'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'Ais an integral value of a molecular weight distribution curve in the section where log MW is 3.0 to 4.0, Ais an integral value of a molecular weight distribution curve in the section where log MW is 4.0 to 5.0, Ais an integral value of a molecular weight distribution curve in the section where log MW is 5.0 to 6.0, Ais an integral value of a molecular weight distribution curve in the section where log MW is 6.0 to 7.0, and'}{'sub': 1', '4, 'the integral value of Ato Ameans relative values when the integral value of the entire molecular weight distribution curve is 100.'}3. The method for predicting the physical properties of polymers ...

SHORT-WAVE INFRARED SUPER-CONTINUUM LASERS FOR EARLY DETECTION OF DENTAL CARIES

A wearable device includes a measurement device having light emitting diodes (LEDs) measuring a physiological parameter. The measurement device modulates the LEDs to generate an optical beam having a near-infrared wavelength between 700-2500 nanometers. Lenses receive and deliver the optical beam to tissue, which reflects the optical beam to a receiver having spatially separated detectors coupled to analog-to-digital converters configured to generate receiver outputs. The receiver captures light while the LEDs are off, and reflected light from the tissue while the LEDs are on, to generate first and second signals, respectively. Signal-to-noise ratio is improved by differencing the first and second signals and by differencing the receiver outputs. The measurement device further improves signal-to-noise ratio of the reflected optical beam by increasing light intensity of the LEDs relative to an initial light intensity. The measurement device generates an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the tissue. 1. A wearable device , comprising:a measurement device including a light source comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) for measuring one or more physiological parameters, the measurement device configured to generate, by modulating at least one of the LEDs having an initial light intensity, an optical beam having a plurality of optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the optical beam includes a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;the measurement device comprising one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver at least a portion of the optical beam to tissue, wherein the tissue reflects at least a portion of the optical beam delivered to the tissue; capture light while the LEDs are off and convert the captured light into a first signal and', 'capture light while at least one of the LEDs is on and to convert the captured light into a second signal, the captured ...

SURFACE INSPECTION APPARATUS

A surface inspection apparatus includes an imaging device that images a portion of an object to be inspected, a first light source that is included in multiple light sources that illuminate the portion and that is configured such that a light component that is included in light emitted from the first light source and that is reflected by specular reflection from the portion to be inspected is a principal light component that is incident on the imaging device, and a second light source that is included in the multiple light sources and that is disposed opposite the first light source with an optical axis of the imaging device interposed therebetween such that a light component that is reflected by diffuse reflection from the portion to be inspected is a principal light component that is incident on the imaging device. 1. A surface inspection apparatus comprising:an imaging device that images a portion of an object to be inspected;a first light source that is included in a plurality of light sources that illuminate the portion, the first light source being configured such that a light component that is included in light emitted from the first light source and that is reflected by specular reflection from the portion to be inspected is a principal light component that is incident on the imaging device; anda second light source that is included in the plurality of light sources and that is disposed opposite the first light source with an optical axis of the imaging device interposed therebetween such that a light component that is reflected by diffuse reflection from the portion to be inspected is a principal light component that is incident on the imaging device.2. The surface inspection apparatus according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical axis of the imaging device is substantially parallel to a normal of the portion.3. The surface inspection apparatus according to claim 2 ,wherein a slope of the optical axis with respect to the normal is substantially within 10°.4. ...

DIAGNOSTIC SUPPORT FOR SKINS AND INSPECTION METHOD OF SKIN

A diagnostic support for a skin includes a radio-transparent structure that defines a folding surface of the skin and on which the skin may be stretched and consequently folded, thereby defining folded, mutually superimposed portions spaced apart from each other. The support may be used for radiographic inspection of a folded animal skin. 115-. (canceled)16. A diagnostic support for a skin , comprising:a radio-transparent structure configured to define at least one folding surface of said skin and on which said skin is at least partially stretched and consequently folded, thereby defining folded, mutually superimposed portions of said skin,wherein said radio-transparent structure is configured to position itself between said folded portions, thus spacing them apart from each other.17. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein said radio-transparent structure is configured to fold said skin claim 16 , thereby defining folded portions that are equally spaced from one another.18. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein said radio-transparent structure comprises a flexible plate defining said folding surface and configured to roll up on itself claim 16 , thus folding said skin.19. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein:said radio-transparent structure defines a longitudinal plane and comprises a plurality of sections, each section defining one of said at least one folding surfaces, andsaid sections are mutually alternated on opposite sides with respect to said longitudinal plane and axially spaced from each other.20. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein said radio-transparent structure comprises a plurality of panels configured to be stacked claim 16 , thereby placing said skin between said panels.21. The diagnostic support according to claim 16 , wherein said radio-transparent structure comprises a first fork comprising first tines and a second fork comprising second tines configured to position themselves ...

DETERIORATION ANALYSIS METHOD

The present invention provides deterioration analysis method which allows a detailed analysis of deterioration, especially deterioration of surface conditions, of a polymer material. The present invention relates to a deterioration analysis method, including irradiating a polymer material with high intensity X-rays, and measuring X-ray absorption while varying the energy of the X-rays, to analyze deterioration of the polymer. 1. A deterioration analysis method , comprisingirradiating a polymer material with high intensity X-rays, and measuring X-ray absorption while varying the energy of the X-rays, to analyze deterioration of the polymer,wherein the polymer material is a rubber material containing at least one diene rubber, or a composite material combining the rubber material and at least one resin,an energy range scanned with the high intensity X-rays is 4000 eV or less, [{'br': None, 'i': X', 'K, '[total area of -ray absorption spectrum at carbon -shell absorption edge]×γ=1, and \u2003\u2003(Equation 4)'}, {'br': None, 'i': 'K', '[peak area of oxygen -shell absorption edge]×γ=amount (index) of oxygen and ozone bonded. \u2003\u2003(Equation 5)'}], 'the deterioration analysis method comprises: determining a normalization constant y using Equation 4 below based on an X-ray absorption spectrum at the carbon K-shell absorption edge after deterioration; and correcting a total peak area of the oxygen K-shell absorption edge with the normalization constant y based on Equation 5 below to determine the amount of oxygen and ozone bonded to the polymer material2. The deterioration analysis method according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 7', '10', '2', '2, 'wherein the high intensity X-rays have a number of photons of 10(photons/s) or more and a brilliance of 10(photons/s/mrad/mm/0.1% bw) or more.'} This application is a Divisional of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/462,403 filed on Mar. 17, 2017, which is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/881,158 filed ...

TIME-OF-FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS AND CLOUD SERVICES

A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths. A detection system is provided with at least one photo-detector, a lens and a spectral filter at an input to the at least one photo-detector. The measurement system is further configured to transmit at least a portion of the output signal, indicative of an output status, to a cloud service over a transmission link. The cloud service is configured to receive the output status, to generate processed data based on the received output status, and to store the processed data, and wherein the cloud service is capable of storing a history of at least a portion of the received output status over a specified period of time. 1. A measurement system comprising:an array of laser diodes to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths that includes at least one near-infrared wavelength between 600 nanometers and 1000 nanometers, at least one laser diode of the array comprises one or more Bragg reflectors;at least one of the laser diodes to pulse at a modulation frequency between 10 Megahertz and 1 Gigahertz and to have a phase associated with the modulation frequency;wherein at least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin; anda detection system comprising at least one photo-detector, a lens and a spectral filter at an input to the at least one photo-detector, and a processor to process digitized signals received from the at least one photo-detector, the detection system configured to (i) measure a phase shift of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array to penetrate the tissue, (ii) measure time-of-flight of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array to penetrate the tissue, (iii) ...

NEAR-INFRARED LASERS FOR NON-INVASIVE MONITORING OF GLUCOSE, KETONES, HBA1C, AND OTHER BLOOD CONSTITUENTS

An imaging device includes laser diodes (LDs) generating near-infrared wavelength light, lenses configured to deliver the light to tissue, a first receiver having one or more detectors, and a first part with at least one of the LDs capable of being pulsed. The first receiver receives light reflected from the tissue and is synchronized to the pulsed light and configured to perform a time-of-flight measurement. An infrared camera receives light reflected by the tissue from a second part of the imaging device. The camera captures light while the second part is off, and while the second part is on to generate corresponding signals, and differences the signals to generate an image. An array of LDs generates a grid of spots on the tissue, which is reflected to the camera. A coupled phone, tablet, or computer receives and processes the time-of-flight measurement, the image, and the reflected grid of spots. 1. An imaging device , comprising:a plurality of laser diodes (LDs) configured to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver a portion of the light to tissue, wherein the tissue is capable of reflecting at least a portion of the light delivered to the tissue;an array of LDs configured to generate light formed as a grid of spots, the light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;one or more lenses configured to receive and to deliver a portion of the light from the array of LDs to tissue, wherein the tissue is capable of reflecting at least a portion of the light delivered to the tissue;a first receiver comprising one or more detectors;a first part of the imaging device comprising at least one of the plurality of LDs, the at least ...

IMAGING USING NEAR-INFRARED LASER DIODES WITH DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS

A smart phone or tablet includes a first part having at least one laser diode configured to be pulsed, and a second part having at least one other laser diode, the laser diodes configured to generate near-infrared light, wherein at least some of the laser diodes comprise a distributed Bragg reflector, with some laser diode light directed to tissue including skin. An array of laser diodes generates near-infrared light and includes one or more distributed Bragg reflectors. An assembly in front of the array to forms light spots on the tissue. A first receiver includes detectors that receive light reflected from the tissue. An infrared camera generates data from light reflected from the tissue. The smart phone or tablet generates a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image or mapping using the infrared camera data, and includes a wireless receiver, a wireless transmitter, a display, a voice input module, and a speaker. 1. A smart phone or tablet , comprising:a first part comprising a first at least one of a plurality of laser diodes, the first at least one of the plurality of laser diodes configured to be pulsed;a second part comprising a second at least one of the plurality of laser diodes;the plurality of laser diodes configured to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers, and wherein at least a portion of the plurality of laser diodes comprises one or more distributed Bragg reflectors;at least a portion of light from the plurality of laser diodes directed to tissue comprising skin;an array of laser diodes configured to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths, wherein at least a portion of the one or more optical wavelengths is a near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers, and wherein at least a portion of the array of laser diodes comprises one or more distributed Bragg ...

COMPOSITION AND METHOD TO FORM A COMPOSITE CORE MATERIAL

A composite core material and methods for making same are disclosed herein. The composite core material comprises mineral filler discontinuous portions disposed in a continuous encapsulating resin. Further, the method for forming a composite core material comprises the steps of forming a mixture comprising mineral filler, an encapsulating prepolymer, and a polymerization catalyst; disposing the mixture onto a moving belt; and polymerizing said encapsulating prepolymer to form a composite core material comprising mineral filler discontinuous portions disposed in a continuous encapsulating resin. 1. A composite core material , comprising mineral filler discontinuous portions disposed in a continuous encapsulating resin.2. The composite core material of claim 1 , wherein said mineral filler is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate claim 1 , calcium carbonate claim 1 , aluminum trihydrate claim 1 , talc claim 1 , gypsum claim 1 , magnesium hydroxide claim 1 , and dolomite.3. The composite core material of claim 2 , wherein said calcium sulfate comprises hydrates thereof claim 2 , wherein the hydrate is selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate hemihydrate having a formula of CaSO.(nHO) claim 2 , wherein n is equal to or greater than 0.5 and equal to or less than 0.8; and calcium sulfate dihydrate having a formula of CaSO.2HO.4. The composite core material of claim 1 , wherein the encapsulating resin is selected from the group consisting of polyester resins claim 1 , vinyl ester resins claim 1 , fire retardant resins and any combinations thereof.5. The composite core material of claim 4 , wherein the encapsulating resin is polyester resins.6. The composite core material of claim 4 , wherein the encapsulating resin is vinyl ester resins.7. The composite core material of claim 4 , wherein the encapsulating resin is fire retardant resins.8. A method to form a composite core material claim 4 , comprising:forming a mixture comprising mineral filler ...

METHOD FOR CALCULATING SWELLING PHENOMENON EVALUATION INDEX OF POLYMER AND SYSTEM USING SAME

The present invention relates to a method for calculating the swelling phenomenon evaluation index of a polymer and a system using the same and, more specifically, to a method for calculating the swelling phenomenon evaluation index of a polymer, wherein the method employs a solvent-polymer swelling parameter (hereinafter, S-PSP), which is a new method developed to quantitatively evaluate the swelling phenomenon of the polymer with respect to different solvents, and to a system using the same. 1. A method of calculating an evaluation index of polymer swelling , the method comprising:a) performing a swelling experiment with N different solvents to assess a degree of swelling of a polymer to be dissolved;b) calculating a Solvent-Polymer Swelling Parameter (S-PSP), based on Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSPs) adjusted for the N different solvents employed in the swelling experiment of step a); andc) calculating a Solvent-Polymer Swelling Parameter Distance (S-Distance) with regard to the N different solvents that are given the calculated S-PSP of step b) to identify polymer swelling.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the assessing of a degree of swelling of a polymer of step a) comprises measuring an increment of volume or weight of the polymer that swells due to the penetration of the solvent into the polymer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the degree of swelling of a polymer is measured as a relative amount of polymer swelling claim 2 , the relative amount of polymer swelling being defined as a weight increment of the polymer on swelling in each of the N different solvents claim 2 , divided by the highest increment thereamong.43. The method of claim 1 , wherein the N of step is an integer of 3 to 20.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the calculating of a Solvent-Polymer Swelling Parameter (S-PSP) of step b) is performed using the following Equations 1 to 3:{'br': None, 'i': S', 'Ai', 'a', 'x', 'D{Ai', '+a', 'x', 'P{Ai', '+a', 'x', 'H{Ai}, 'sup': b0', 'b1', 'b2', ' ...

METHOD OF DETERMINING THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION OF GLATIRAMER ACETATE USING MULTI-ANGLE LASER LIGHT SCATTERING (MALLS)

The present invention provides a process for characterizing a glatiramer acetate, related drug substance (GARDS) or a glatiramer acetate related drug product (GARDP) comprising separating a batch of a GARDS or GARDP according to hydrophobicity and determining the molar mass of the separated material, thereby characterizing the GARDS or GARDP by molar mass as a function of hydrophobicity. 1. A process for characterizing a glatiramer acetate related drug substance (GARDS) or a glatiramer acetate related drug product (GARDP) comprising separating a batch of a GARDS or GARDP according to hydrophobicity and determining the molar mass of the separated material , thereby characterizing the GARDS or GARDP by molar mass as a function of hydrophobicity.2. The process of further comprising a step of producing a profile of the molar mass of the GARDS or GARDP.3. The process of or claim 1 , wherein separating is performed by eluting the batch of the GARDS or GARDP using chromatography with a mobile phase.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the chromatography is reversed-phase chromatography.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the reversed-phase chromatography is reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.6. The process of any one of - claim 4 , wherein the chromatography is performed with a gradient elution of the mobile phase.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the gradient claim 6 , elution is achieved by using organic solvent up to 50% by volume of the mobile phase.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the organic solvent is 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile.9. The process of any one of - claim 7 , wherein the batch of the GARDS or GARDP is separated into a continuous stream having varying hydrophobicity and the molar mass of at least a portion of the continuous stream is determined.10. The process of any one of - claim 7 , wherein the batch of the GARDS or GARDP is separated into separate fractions having varying hydrophobicity and the molar mass of a ...

METHOD FOR DETERMINING A VALUE FOR THE DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPRESSION OF A MOLDABLE MATERIAL

In a method for determining at least one parameter for the description of the compression behavior of a material processed in a molding machine, at least a part of the processed material is introduced into a mold cavity via a distribution system and a gate, and the processed material solidifies in the mold cavity. A compression test is performed in which a volume storing the material is modified and a measurement of the resulting pressure modification is conducted or a pressure applied onto the material is modified and a measurement of the resulting modification of the volume is conducted. A parameter for the description of the compression behavior is calculated based on the result of the compression test by using a mathematical model. The compression test is conducted when the gate is at least substantially solidified or when the hot runner is closed. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for operating a molding machine , wherein depending on at least one parameter for the description of a compression behavior of a material processed in the molding machine , the method comprises:calculating a realistic injection volume and/or a realistic injection volume flow, and/orcalculating a decompression lift, and/orcalculating a dwell time of the melt in the molding machine, and/orparameterizing a pressure regulator, and/ordetermining a pressure dependency of the compression behavior, and/ordetermining a temperature of the melt, and/orcontrolling the velocity of the plasticizing screw so that a predetermined filling volume flow is reached, and/ordetermining a material characteristic of the melt, wherein the material characteristic is a composition, a phase state, a viscoelasticity, a solids content, a proportion of low-molecular substances, or a chemical modifications of the polymer structure.13. (canceled)14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the molding machine is one of an injection molding machine or a transfer molding machine.15. The method according to claim 12 , ...

FLUORESCENCE DETECTION OF MECHANICAL DAMAGE

An autonomic self-indicating material is provided, the material comprising a polymer composition or a composite material embedded with a microcapsule or a vascular structure comprising an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen. Upon mechanical damage to the material, the luminogen is released and aggregates, leading to fluorescence. 1. An autonomous self-indicating material comprising a plurality of microcapsules encapsulating a non-emissive solution , the solution comprising an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen and a solvent;wherein when the material is impacted by a sufficient force to damage it, one or more microcapsules are ruptured, the non-emissive solution is released from ruptured microcapsules, the luminogen aggregates at or near the point of rupture, and the aggregated luminogen is emissive to autonomically self-indicate a location where damage has occurred in the material.2. The material of wherein the material comprises a polymer.3. The material of wherein the polymer comprises an epoxy resin claim 2 , a polyurethane claim 2 , polydimethylsiloxane claim 2 , polyacrylic acid claim 2 , polystyrene claim 2 , bisphenol A epoxy resin claim 2 , bisphenol F epoxy resin claim 2 , novolac epoxy resin claim 2 , an aliphatic epoxy resin claim 2 , a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin claim 2 , a glycidylamine epoxy resin claim 2 , a water-based epoxy resin claim 2 , a bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) based resin claim 2 , or a combination thereof.4. The material of wherein the microcapsules comprise about 1 weight percent to about 30 weight percent of the total weight of the material.5. The material of wherein the solvent comprises an (alkyl)acetate claim 1 , an alcohol claim 1 , an ether claim 1 , an alkane claim 1 , a ketone claim 1 , a nitrile claim 1 , water claim 1 , an aromatic hydrocarbon claim 1 , a protic solvent claim 1 , an aprotic solvent claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The material of wherein the solution comprises the luminogen at ...

ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING SYSTEM USING TIME-OF-FLIGHT SENSOR WITH APPLICATIONS TO CAMERAS AND VEHICLE OR AIRBORNE PLATFORMS

An active remote sensing system is provided with an array of laser diodes that generate light directed to an object having one or more optical wavelengths that include at least one near-infrared wavelength between 600 nanometers and 1000 nanometers. One of the laser diodes pulses at a modulation frequency between 10 Megahertz and 1 Gigahertz and has a phase associated with the modulation frequency. A detection system includes a photo-detector, a lens, a spectral filter at an input to the photo-detector, and a processor that processes digitized signals received from the photo-detector to generate an output signal. The detection system uses a lock-in technique that synchronizes pulsing the one laser diode. The active remote sensing system is configured to be mounted on a vehicle or an airborne platform to provide distance information based on a time-of-flight measurement. 1. An active remote sensing system comprising:an array of laser diodes to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths that includes at least one near-infrared wavelength between 600 nanometers and 1000 nanometers, at least one laser diode of the array comprises one or more Bragg reflectors;at least one of the laser diodes to pulse at a modulation frequency between 10 Megahertz and 1 Gigahertz and to have a phase associated with the modulation frequency;wherein at least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to be directed to an object; anda detection system comprising at least one photo-detector, a lens and a spectral filter at an input to the at least one photo-detector, and a processor to process digitized signals received from the at least one photo-detector and to generate an output signal, the detection system configured to (i) measure a phase shift of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the object relative to the portion of the light generated by the array directed to the object, (ii) perform a time-of-flight measurement ...

Physical quantity estimating system and physical quantity estimating method

A physical quantity estimating system for estimating a value of physical quantity for a composite material is provided. The composite material contains two or more materials included in a plurality of different materials as constituent materials. The physical quantity estimating system includes: an approximate function generating unit configured to generate, when a first synthesis characteristic value of a first composite material whose value of physical quantity is unknown is inputted, an approximate function of outputting the value of the physical quantity; a synthesis characteristic value calculating unit configured to calculate the first synthesis characteristic value based on a first blending ratio of constituent materials contained in the first composite material and first related data corresponding to each constituent material; and a physical quantity estimating unit configured to estimate the value of the physical quantity for the first composite material based on the first synthesis characteristic value and the approximate function.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING AND/OR RECYCLING OF MATERIALS

What is disclosed is a method of processing and/or recycling materials, especially thermoplastic materials, wherein the material is agitated and mixed m a receiving vessel (), especially a cutting compressor or a preconditioning unit (PCU), and optionally also heated, committed and/or softened, wherein the material in the receiving vessel () remains in the form of pieces or particles and unmoltenthroughout, and—wherein the material in piece or particle form being agitated within the receiving vessel is subjected to inline spectroscopic and/or spectrometric analysis and/or measurement wherein die measurements ascertained in tins way are employed to obtain information about the material being analysed in each case, especially quantitative and/or qualitative indices of the respective material. Likewise disclosed is an apparatus comprising—at least one receiving vessel (), especially a cutting compressor, having a mixing and/or comminuting device for the material, —at least one spectroscopic and/or spectroscopic and/or measuring apparatus () for inline analysis of portions of the material in piece or particle form being agitated within the receiving vessel (), which is designed to emit a physical Stimulus, especially electromagnetic radiation, for excitation of the rotating material in piece or particle form and—to detect the measurement Signals that arise in reaction to the Stimulus, especially characteristic spectra of the electromagnetic radiation scattered on the material analysed, preferably by spectrometric means, and—a Processing and control unit () which is in data communication with the measurement apparatus () and is designed—to actuate the measurement apparatus (), to emit the physical Stimulus, especially electromagnetic radiation, and to detect the resultant measurement Signals and to hold the measurements ascertained in this way available and—optionally, on the basis of the measurements ascertained, to derive and hold available Information concerning the ...

NEAR-INFRARED LASER DIODES USED IN IMAGING APPLICATIONS

A wearable device includes a measurement device to measure a physiological parameter adapted to be placed on a wrist or an ear of a user. First and second light emitting diodes generate corresponding output beams having an initial light intensity and a wavelength between 700-2500 nanometers. A receiver includes spatially separated detectors receiving reflected light from the output beams coupled to analog to digital converters to generate first and second detector signals. The receiver is configured to synchronize to the light emitting diode(s) and to generate an output signal by comparing the first and second detector signals. The measurement device improves signal-to-noise ratio of the output signal by increasing light intensity relative to the initial light intensity of the light emitting diode(s). 120.-. (canceled)21. A wearable device , comprising:a measurement device to measure a physiological parameter adapted to be placed on a wrist or an ear of a user, comprising at least a first light emitting diode and a second light emitting diode, the first light emitting diode configured to generate a first output optical beam, the first output optical beam having an initial light intensity and at least one near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers, the second light emitting diode configured to generate a second output optical beam, the second output optical beam having an initial light intensity and at least one near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers;the measurement device further comprising a receiver, the receiver having a first detector and a second detector, the first and second detectors being spatially separated, the first detector configured to receive at least a first reflected portion of the first output optical beam, the second detector configured to receive at least a first reflected portion of the second output optical beam;one or more analog to digital converters coupled to the spatially separated ...

COMPOSITE MATERIAL WITH FAILURE DETECTION PROPERTIES

A multiple layer composite material having fluid breach detection features provides indication of a failure in a fluid barrier. The indication of breach of fluid is provided before failure of a final layer of the composite material. The multiple layer composite material includes more than one fluid impermeable layer with an intermediate layer sealed between the fluid impermeable layers. Failure of one of the fluid impermeable layers is detected by fluid contact in the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer includes a reagent and/or detection device to indicate that the fluid has reached the intermediate layer. 1. A multiple layer composite material comprising:a first fluid impermeable layer;a second fluid impermeable layer;an intermediate layer sealed between said first and second impermeable layers;said intermediate layer having a reagent; andsaid reagent active with a fluid when the fluid contacts said reagent after passing through said first or second fluid impermeable layer.2. The composite material according to wherein said first fluid impermeable layer is translucent claim 1 , and wherein said reagent is visibly detectable when the fluid contacts said reagent.3. The composite material according to wherein said reagent is a chemical reagent claim 1 , said chemical reagent having a first color prior to contact with the fluid and a second color different from said first color after contact with the fluid claim 1 , wherein said second color is visible through said first impermeable layer.4. The composite material according to wherein said reagent is a chemical reagent claim 1 , said chemical reagent operable to produce a foam after contact with the fluid.5. The composite material according to further comprising an electrical circuit in fluid communication with said reagent; and wherein said reagent is a material of variable conductivity operable to induce an electrical current in said circuit after contact with the fluid.6. The composite material according to ...

A COMPOSITE MATERIAL METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME, AND ARTICLES MADE THEREFROM

A composite material, comprising: (A) a particle comprising: (i) a core comprising one or more magnetic materials and (ii) a shell comprising silicon dioxide and (B) a polymer component selected from the group consisting of polyolefin homopolymers, polyolefin interpolymers, and combinations thereof, wherein the polymer component is free of free radical initiator is provided. 1. A composite material , comprising: (A) a particle comprising: (i) a core comprising one or more magnetic materials and (ii) a shell comprising silicon dioxide and (B) a polymer component selected from the group consisting of polyolefin homopolymers , polyolefin interpolymers , and combinations thereof , wherein the polymer component is free of free radical initiator.2. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the particle (A) is present in an amount from 2 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the composite material.3. The composite material according to wherein five pellets claim 1 , on a dry basis claim 1 , formed from the composite material provides a signal of at least 120 using a Goring Kerr DSP2 metal detector when the composite material comprises at least 5 wt % particle (A).4. The composite material according to wherein a plaque claim 1 , on a dry basis claim 1 , formed from the composite material provides a signal of at least 16000 using a Goring Kerr DSP2 metal detector when the composite material comprises at least 5 wt % particle (A).5. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer component is present in an amount from 50 to 98% by weight based on the total weight of the composite material.6. The composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer component is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene homopolymer claim 1 , polyethylene/α-olefin copolymers claim 1 , polypropylene homopolymer claim 1 , polypropylene/α-olefin copolymers claim 1 , and combinations thereof7. The composite material according to claim 1 , ...