Настройки

Укажите год
-

Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

Подробнее
-

Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

Подробнее

Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
Ведите корректный номера.
Ведите корректный номера.
Ведите корректный номера.
Ведите корректный номера.
Укажите год
Укажите год
Применить Всего найдено 714. Отображено 100.
31-05-2012 дата публикации

Electrochromic layer structure and method for the production thereof

Номер: US20120134004A1
Автор: Emily Bressand, Jean-Christophe Giron, Martin Melcher, Philippe Letocart
Принадлежит: Saint Gobain Glass France SAS

An electrochromic layer structure with at least one active layer and at least two electrodes is described. At least one of the electrodes has an electrically conductive network of conductor tracks and the conductor tracks contain nanoparticles. An electrochromic device, a method for production of an electrochromic layer structure and use of an electrochromic layer structure and an electrochromic device are also described.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 1
10-01-2013 дата публикации

All-solid-state reflective dimming electrochromic element sealed with protective layer, and dimming member comprising the same

Номер: US20130010347A1
Автор: Kazuki Tajima, Kazuki Yoshimura, Yasusei Yamada
Принадлежит: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST

An all-solid-state reflective dimming electrochromic element having a multilayer film formed on a transparent substrate, which is characterized in that the multilayer film has a multilayer structure comprising at least a transparent conductive film layer, an ion storage layer, a solid electrolyte layer, a buffer layer, a catalyst layer, a reflective dimming layer, and a protective layer formed on the transparent substrate, and which is sealed with the protective layer, and a dimming member comprising the same are provided.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 2
04-01-2018 дата публикации

DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20180004053A1
Автор: Kawata Yasushi
Принадлежит: Japan Display Inc.

According to one embodiment, a display device includes a display panel including a first area and a second area adjacent to the first area, and a wiring substrate mounted on the second area of the display panel, wherein the first area includes an insulating substrate, an inorganic insulating film disposed on the insulating substrate, and a signal line disposed on the inorganic insulating film, and the second area includes a protective layer and the signal line disposed continuously from the first area on the protective layer. 1. A display device comprising:a display panel including a first area and a second area adjacent to the first area; anda wiring substrate mounted on the second area of the display panel,whereinthe first area includes an insulating substrate, an inorganic insulating film disposed on the insulating substrate, and a signal line disposed on the inorganic insulating film, andthe second area includes a protective layer and the signal line disposed continuously from the first area on the protective layer.2. The display device of claim 1 , whereinthe second area includes a pad electrically connected with the signal line, andthe wiring substrate is mounted on the second area of the display panel via the pad.3. The display device of claim 1 , whereinthe display panel comprises an organic insulating film disposed to cover the signal line disposed continuously from the first area to the second area, andthe organic insulating film is an acrylic organic film or a polyimide-based organic film.4. The display device of claim 3 , whereinthe signal line is sandwiched between the organic insulating film and the protective layer in the second area.5. The display device of claim 1 , whereinabsorptivity of laser light having a wavelength shorter than 355 nm in the insulating substrate is larger than absorptivity of laser light having a wavelength shorter than 355 nm in the inorganic insulating film.6. The display device of claim 1 , whereinan end surface of the ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 3
20-01-2022 дата публикации

Electromagnetic-shielding electrochromic windows

Номер: US20220019117A1
Автор: Anshu A. Pradhan, Dane Thomas GILLASPIE, Dhairya Shrivastava, Gordon E. Jack, Robert T. Rozbicki, Robin Friedman, Sridhar Karthik Kailasam, Stephen Clark BROWN
Принадлежит: View Inc

Electromagnetic-shielding, electrochromic windows comprising one or more multi-layer conductors with an electromagnetic shielding stack for blocking electromagnetic communication signals through the windows.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 4
12-01-2017 дата публикации

Electrochromic device and method for producing electrochromic device

Номер: US20170010514A1
Автор: Daisuke Goto, Fuminari Kaneko, Hidekazu Yaginuma, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Keiichiroh Yutani, Kohji Takeuchi, Mamiko Inoue, Masato Shinoda, Satoshi Yamamoto, Shun GOTO, Sukchan Kim, Takahiko Matsumoto, Tamotsu Horiuchi, Tohru Yashiro, Toshiya Sagisaka, Yasuo Katano, Yuuma Usui
Принадлежит: Ricoh Co Ltd

To provide an electrochromic device including: a support; a first electrode formed on the support; a second electrode facing the first electrode, where through-holes are formed in the second electrode; an electrochromic layer disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrolyte layer disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a second electrolyte layer disposed to communicate with the first electrolyte layer through the through-holes; an inorganic protective layer, which is disposed on a surface of the second electrolyte layer not facing the second electrode, and is configured to shield oxygen and water vapor; and an organic protective layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic protective layer that does not face the second electrolyte layer.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 5
14-01-2016 дата публикации

SWITCHABLE WINDOW

Номер: US20160011483A1
Автор: BERTOLINI Marco
Принадлежит:

The present invention refers to a switchable window, in particular for use in an aircraft, helicopter, or space vehicle, which comprises an outer pane construction subjected to sunlight, and an inner pane construction having an electrically switchable film for changing a color or transmittance of the switchable window, the outer pane construction covering at least an irradiated part of the inner pane construction, wherein the outer pane construction absorbs IR radiation of the sunlight and it absorbs or reflects UV radiation of the sunlight. 1. Switchable window , in particular for use in an aircraft , helicopter , or space vehicle , comprising an outer pane construction subjected to sunlight , and an inner pane construction having an electrically switchable film for changing a color or transmittance of the switchable window , the outer pane construction covering at least an irradiated part of the inner pane construction , characterized in that the outer pane construction absorbs IR radiation of the sunlight and it absorbs or reflects UV radiation of the sunlight.2. Switchable window according to claim 1 , characterized in that the outer pane construction comprises at least one transparent pane made of polymethylmethacry-late (PMMA) claim 1 , polycarbonate (PC) claim 1 , or polyethylentherephtalate (PET).3. Switchable window according to claim 2 , characterized in that the outer pane construction comprises two PMMA panes arranged in parallel to each other and with a distance or spacing there between.4. Switchable window according to claim 2 , characterized in that the outer pane construction has at least one PC pane claim 2 , PET pane or PMMA pane comprising an IR absorber including nanoparticles of hexaboride.5. Switchable window according to claim 4 , characterized in that the PC pane claim 4 , the PET pane claim 4 , or PMMA pane includes a perylene based dye.6. Switchable window according to characterized in that the PC pane claim 2 , PET pane or PMMA pane ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 6
10-01-2019 дата публикации

FABRICATION OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20190011797A1
Автор: Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a substrate;a first electrode layer disposed on the substrate;an electrochromic stack comprising an electrochromic layer of electrochromic material and a counter electrode layer of counter electrode material;a second electrode layer disposed on the electrochromic stack; and 'the first material includes a plurality of voids or gaps that are at least partially filled by a second material from a polishing compound used to polish the DMIL.', 'a defect-mitigating insulating layer (DMIL) comprising a substantially transparent and electronically insulating first material disposed between the first electrode layer and the electrochromic stack; wherein2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a first electronically insulating material and the second material comprises a second claim 1 , different claim 1 , electronically insulating material.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the second material comprises particles from the polishing compound.4. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein the particles ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 7
03-02-2022 дата публикации

ARTICLE OF FOOTWEAR WITH COLOR CHANGE PORTION AND METHOD OF CHANGING COLOR

Номер: US20220031007A1
Автор: Donovan Sharna M., Hartford Sean D., Malhotra Vikram, Mishler Michelle L., Molyneux James, Owings Andrew A., Weast Aaron B., Wilkins Bradley W.
Принадлежит: Nike, Inc.

An article with a color change portion and a method of changing color. The article includes at least one color change portion capable of changing colors. The color change portion includes composite material including a photonic lattice. The color change portion can change colors according to one or more performance parameters. The article can be connected to a computer and the color change portion can be controlled using the computer 120-. (canceled)21. An article comprising:a first panel including a first surface defining an exterior surface of the article, the first panel including an aperture; anda color change portion attached to the first panel and extending at least partially across the aperture, the color change portion including (i) an outer surface recessed from the exterior surface of the first panel and (ii) a photonic lattice operable to receive an electrical signal to change a color of the color change portion.22. The article of claim 21 , wherein the article is one of an article of clothing claim 21 , an article of footwear claim 21 , or an article of equipment.23. The article of claim 21 , wherein the outer surface extends across an entirety of the aperture.24. The article of claim 21 , wherein the photonic lattice is a component of a composite material.25. The article of claim 24 , wherein the composite material includes a first conductive layer electrically connected to a first terminal and a second conductive layer electrically connected to a second terminal.26. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are disposed on opposite sides of the photonic lattice.27. The article of claim 25 , wherein the photonic lattice is printed on one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.28. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first terminal and the second terminal are in electrical communication with at least one of a control unit and a power source operable to change a color of the color ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 8
03-02-2022 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC LENS AND ELECTROCHROMIC SUNGLASSES INCLUDING SAME

Номер: US20220035217A1
Автор: Choi Youn Chul, HONG Suk Hyun, Kim Byoung Dong, Kim Cheol Hwan, Kim Hyun Jong, KIM Seok, Kim Soo Hyun, Kong Hyeon Jun, PARK Sang Hyun, Seo Beom Sik, Song Yu jin
Принадлежит:

This application relates to an electrochromic lens. In one aspect, the lens includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a first electrode layer disposed on the first surface of the substrate, and a second electrode layer disposed on the first electrode layer. The lens may also include an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and adjusting transmittance of light incident on the second surface of the substrate. The lens may further include a first conductor electrically connected to the first electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer. The lens may further include a second conductor electrically connected to the second electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer. 1. An electrochromic lens , comprising:a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface;a first electrode layer disposed on the first surface of the substrate;a second electrode layer disposed on the first electrode layer;an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and adjusting transmittance of light incident on the second surface of the substrate;a first conductor electrically connected to the first electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer; anda second conductor electrically connected to the second electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer;wherein the first conductor and the second conductor correspond to a shape of an edge of the substrate so that the first conductor and the second conductor are hidden when the electrochromic lens is mounted on a frame for glasses, andwherein a ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 9
21-01-2021 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE HAVING COLOR REFLECTANCE AND TRANSMISSION

Номер: US20210018810A1
Автор: Mathew John Gordon Halbert, Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

The disclosure generally relates to electrochromic devices comprising, in the following order a substantially transparent substrate (402); an optional diffusion barrier layer (412); a stack of interleaved index matching layers including a first index matching layer and a second index matching layer, the first index matching layer being preferably made of TiOx or Nb20s 41Q and having a higher refractive index than the second index matching layer preferably made of silicon oxide; a first conductive layer (420); a solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack (430); and a second conductive layer (440). 1. An electrochromic device comprising , in the following order:a substantially transparent substrate;a stack of interleaved index matching layers including a first index matching layer and a second index matching layer, the first index matching layer having a higher refractive index than the second index matching layer;a first conductive layer;a solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack; anda second conductive layer.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the first index matching layer is a TiOmaterial layer or an NbOmaterial layer.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the second index matching layer is a silicon oxide layer.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a diffusion barrier layer.5. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein the diffusion barrier layer is located between the substantially transparent substrate and the first index matching layer.6. The electrochromic device of claim 5 , wherein the diffusion barrier layer is a silicon oxide layer.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second conductive layers is a transparent conductive oxide layer.8. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second conductive layers is a one of a fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) layer claim 1 , an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer claim 1 , and an aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 10
02-02-2017 дата публикации

Rearview mirror assembly for vehicle

Номер: US20170028924A1
Автор: Hamid Habibi, Ian A. Mccabe, Michael J. Baur, Niall R. Lynam
Принадлежит: Donnelly Corp, Magna Mirrors of America Inc

An electro-optic mirror reflective element for a rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a front substrate and a rear substrate. A surface of the front substrate and a surface of the rear substrate oppose each other and are spaced apart by a perimeter seal, with an electro-optic medium disposed between the surfaces and bounded by the perimeter seal. A transparent electrically conductive coating is established at the surface of the front substrate, and a specularly reflective mirror reflector is established at the surface of the rear substrate. The specularly reflective mirror reflector includes a stack of thin film layers having (i) an environmentally stable electrically conductive metallic reflecting thin film layer, (ii) an environmentally vulnerable electrically conductive metallic reflecting thin film layer and (iii) a transparent electrically conductive thin film layer. The transparent electrically conductive thin film layer includes aluminum doped zinc oxide.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 11
04-02-2016 дата публикации

Defect-mitigation layers in electrochromic devices

Номер: US20160033840A1
Автор: Robert T. Rozbicki
Принадлежит: View Inc

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10 8 Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 12
31-01-2019 дата публикации

ELECTRICALLY SWITCHABLE GLAZING COMPRISING SURFACE ELECTRODES WITH ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTIVITY

Номер: US20190033677A1
Автор: KOLTER Magnus, Letocart Philippe
Принадлежит: SAINT-GOBAIN GLASS FRANCE

A glazing having electrically switchable properties is presented. The glazing includes, areally arranged in sequence, a substrate, a first electrically conductive layer, an active layer, and a second electrically conductive layer. According to one aspect, at least one electrically insulating barrier layer is areally arranged within, and completely covered areally by, one of the first and second electrically conductive layers. According to another aspect, the active layer is an electrochromic functional element, that includes an electrochromic layer adjacent the first electrically conductive layer, and a counter electrode adjacent the second electrically conductive layer. 115.-. (canceled)16. A glazing having electrically switchable properties , the glazing comprising , areally arranged in sequence:a first substrate;a first electrically conductive layer;an active layer; and wherein at least one electrically conductive layer of the first electrically conductive layer and the second electrically conductive layer comprises at least one electrically insulating barrier layer that is areally arranged within the at least one electrically conductive layer, and', 'wherein the electrically insulating barrier layer is completely covered, areally, by the at least one electrically conductive layer., 'a second electrically conductive layer,'}17. The glazing according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one electrically conductive layer is directly adjacent the active layer.18. The glazing according to claim 16 , wherein the electrically insulating barrier layer passes through the at least one electrically conductive layer so that a layer portion of at least 1% of a total thickness of the at least one electrically conductive layer is arranged between the electrically insulating barrier layer and the active layer.19. The glazing according to claim 18 , wherein the layer portion is least 5% of the total thickness of the at least one electrically conductive layer.20. The glazing ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 13
31-01-2019 дата публикации

Electrochromic multi-layer devices with composite current modulating structure

Номер: US20190033679A1
Автор: Howard S. Bergh, Jonathan Zlsbarth, Nicolas TIMMERMAN
Принадлежит: Kinestral Technologies Inc

A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer and a first current modulating structure on a surface thereof, the first current modulating structure comprising a composite of a resistive material and a patterned insulating material, the first current modulating structure having a cross-layer resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first current modulating structure that varies as a function of position.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 14
15-02-2018 дата публикации

Fabrication of electrochromic devices

Номер: US20180046053A1
Автор: Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device , the method comprising:(a) forming a first layer of the electrochromic device on a substrate;(b) after (a), performing a first particle removal operation to remove particles from a surface of the substrate;(c) after (b), forming a second layer of the electrochromic device;(d) after (c), performing a second particle removal operation on the surface of the substrate; and(e) after (d), completing fabrication of the electrochromic device.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second particle removal operations comprises contact cleaning the substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the contact cleaning uses static attraction and/or adhesion to remove the particles.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the contact cleaning comprises contacting the substrate with at least one roller claim 2 , strip claim 2 , or brush.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second particle removal operations comprises applying acoustic energy to the substrate.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the acoustic energy ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 15
13-02-2020 дата публикации

Electrochromic devices

Номер: US20200050071A1
Автор: Liping Ma
Принадлежит: Individual

The present disclosure relates to electrochromic devices including an electrochromic material having one or more optical properties that may be changed upon application of an electric potential. In one exemplary electrochromic device, a first layer includes at least one electrode, a second layer provides a tunneling dielectric channel, a third layer includes an electrochromic material, a fourth layer is electrically insulative, and a fifth layer includes at least one electrode. Upon provision of an electric potential above a threshold where electron tunneling may occur in the second layer, electrons may be passed to or from the electrochromic material through the second layer resulting in a change to the one or more optical properties of the electrochromic material. An opposite electric potential may be provided to reverse the change in the one or more optical properties.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 16
02-03-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE CONTAINING COLOR-TUNABLE NANOSTRUCTURES

Номер: US20170059957A1
Автор: GARCIA Guillermo, Holt Jason, THOMSEN Scott
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device and method, the device including: a first transparent conductor layer; a working electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor layer and including nanostructures; a counter electrode; a solid state electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode; and a second transparent conductor layer disposed on the counter electrode. The nanostructures may include transition metal oxide nanoparticles and/or nanocrystals configured to tune the color of the device by selectively modulating the transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible radiation as a function of an applied voltage to the device. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:a first transparent conductor layer;a working electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor layer and comprising nanostructures, the nanostructures comprising at least about 40 wt. % of amorphous niobium oxide nanoparticles and about 60 wt. % or less of tungsten oxide nanoparticles having a cubic crystal lattice structure, based on the total weight of the nanostructures;a counter electrode;a solid state electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode; anda second transparent conductor layer disposed on the counter electrode.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein:the nanostructures comprise from about 40 to about 80 wt. % of the amorphous niobium oxide nanoparticles and from about 60 to about 20 wt. % of the tungsten oxide nanoparticles, based on the total weight of the nanostructures; andthe tungsten oxide nanoparticles are doped with cesium and have a cubic crystal lattice structure.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the working electrode comprises:from about 35 to about 25 wt. % of the cesium doped tungsten oxide nanoparticles; andfrom about 65 to about 75 wt. % of the amorphous niobium oxide nanoparticles.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein:the amorphous niobium oxide nanoparticles have an ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 17
04-03-2021 дата публикации

SWITCHABLE ELEMENT

Номер: US20210063833A1
Автор: Bulja Senad, Kopf Rose, Pivit Florian, Rulikowski Pawel, Templ Wolfgang, Wiegner Dirk, Zakrzewska Anna
Принадлежит:

A switchable element, a device and a method for analogue and programmable computing operating on electromagnetic waves having a frequency, wherein the switchable element is configured to configured to, in response to an activation signal, switch from having a first dielectric permittivity for electromagnetic waves having a frequency to having a second dielectric permittivity for electromagnetic waves having the frequency, and the device comprises a plurality of the switchable elements that are adapted to be switched individually in accordance with the computing operation. 1. A switchable element , comprising:a switchable layer configured to, in response to an activation signal, switch from having a first dielectric permittivity for electromagnetic waves having a frequency to having a second dielectric permittivity for the electromagnetic waves having the frequency.2. The switchable element according to claim 1 , wherein the switchable layer comprises a liquid crystal layer or a ferroelectrics layer having a variable dielectric permittivity birefringence which is tunable by a tuning voltage.3. The switchable element according to claim 1 , wherein the switchable layer comprises an electro-chromic layer having a variable dielectric permittivity which is tunable by a tuning voltage in the range.4. The switchable element according to claim 1 , wherein the switchable element comprises the switchable layer and at least one layer of dielectric material claim 1 , wherein the switchable layer is configured to having the first dielectric permittivity in a conductive state of the switchable layer claim 1 , and to having the second dielectric permittivity in a non-conductive state of the switchable layer claim 1 , wherein the switchable element comprises at least one contact configured to having contact with the switchable layer.5. The switchable element according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one layer of dielectric material is configured with a via claim 4 , wherein the at ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 18
17-03-2022 дата публикации

THIN-FILM DEVICES AND FABRICATION

Номер: US20220080706A1
Автор: Bhatnagar Yashraj, Dixit Abhishek Anant, Martin Todd, Rozbicki Robert T., Strong Fabian
Принадлежит: VIEW, INC.

Thin-film devices, for example electrochromic devices for windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. Particular focus is given to methods of patterning optical devices. Various edge deletion and isolation scribes are performed, for example, to ensure the optical device has appropriate isolation from any edge defects. Methods described herein apply to any thin-film device having one or more material layers sandwiched between two thin film electrical conductor layers. The described methods create novel optical device configurations. 122.- (canceled)23. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device , the method comprising:a. receiving a glass substrate with a first transparent conductor layer covering a work surface of the glass substrate;b. removing a portion of the first transparent conductor layer from the glass substrate about a periphery of the glass substrate;c. depositing an electrochromic device stack over the first transparent conductor layer and covering substantially the entire work surface of the glass substrate;d. depositing a second transparent conductor layer over the electrochromic device stack and covering substantially the entire work surface of the glass substrate;e. removing a portion of the second transparent conductor layer from the entire periphery of the glass substrate; andf. depositing a vapor barrier over the second transparent conductor layer and covering substantially the entire work surface of the glass substrate.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the glass substrate is rectangular.25. The method of claim 24 , wherein b. comprises removing the first transparent conductor layer from three edges of the glass substrate.26. The method of claim 25 , wherein e. comprises removing the second transparent conductor layer from all four edges of the glass substrate claim 25 , but not removing any of the electrochromic device stack.27. The method of claim 26 , further comprising removing the vapor barrier from all four edges of the ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 19
17-03-2022 дата публикации

COLOR CHANGEABLE PLASTIC

Номер: US20220082894A1
Автор: Cha Dong Eun, CHOI Jun Hong, Kim Hyun Kyung, PARK Jong Seung
Принадлежит:

A color changeable plastic, the color change rate of which increases when a voltage is applied, is applicable to various structures by a spray coating method. The color changeable plastic includes a first electrode layer having conductivity; a color changeable layer disposed on the first electrode layer to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the first electrode layer, and including a material whose color changes depending on whether a voltage is applied; and a second electrode layer having conductivity, and disposed on the color changeable layer to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the color changeable layer. 1. A color changeable plastic , comprising:a first electrode layer having conductivity;a color changeable layer disposed on the first electrode layer to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the first electrode layer, and including a material whose color changes depending on whether a voltage is applied; anda second electrode layer having conductivity, and disposed on the color changeable layer to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the color changeable layer,wherein contact surfaces of the color changeable layer with the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer extend along upper, lower, and side surfaces of the color changeable layer, so that a color change rate is increased when a voltage is applied.2. The color changeable plastic of claim 1 , wherein each of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer includes a composite of silver nanowire and polystyrene sulfonate.3. The color changeable plastic of claim 2 , wherein each of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer comprises divinyl sulfone (DVS) claim 2 , as a cross-linking agent claim 2 , added to the composite.4. The color changeable plastic of claim 1 , wherein the color changeable layer includes octa-hexyl viologen substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OHV-POSS).5. The color changeable plastic of claim 1 , wherein ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 20
08-03-2018 дата публикации

FABRICATION OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20180067370A1
Автор: Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. (canceled)2. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device , the method comprising , in the following order:(a) depositing a first layer on a substrate in an electrochromic device fabrication sequence;(b) performing a particle removal operation to remove particles from the surface of the substrate upon which the first layer was deposited in (a) and/or from the first layer; and(c) depositing a second layer on top of the first layer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the particle removal operation comprises contact cleaning the substrate.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the contact cleaning uses static attraction and/or adhesion.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the contact cleaning comprises contacting the substrate with at least one roller claim 3 , strip claim 3 , or brush.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the particle removal operation comprises applying acoustic energy to the substrate.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the acoustic energy is ultrasonic claim 6 , supersonic claim 6 , or megasonic.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the acoustic energy is ultrasonic.9. The method ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 21
08-03-2018 дата публикации

PROTECTION BARRIER AND LASER IRRADIATION SYSTEM

Номер: US20180068142A1
Автор: ISHIKAKE Satoru
Принадлежит:

A protection barrier including openings through which an irradiation target passes through the protection barrier, wherein the protection barrier is configured to surround a light path of laser light emitted from a laser device towards a recording medium disposed on the irradiation target, and surround the irradiation target, and wherein a light intensity of laser light leaked from the openings is 390 μW or less. 1. A protection barrier comprising:openings through which an irradiation target passes through the protection barrier,wherein the protection barrier is configured to surround a light path of laser light emitted from a laser device towards a recording medium disposed on the irradiation target, and surround the irradiation target, andwherein a light intensity of the laser light leaked from the openings is 390 μW or less.2. A protection barrier comprising:a curve projecting towards an outer side of the protection barrier, where the curve is disposed at a surface of the protection barrier opposed to a radiation aperture of a laser device,wherein the protection barrier is used in a laser irradiation system containing the laser device configured to irradiate a recording medium disposed on an irradiation target, with laser light, and the protection barrier is configured to surround a light path of laser light scanned at a deflection angle θ towards the recording medium, and surround the irradiation target.3. The protection barrier according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the laser devices are disposed claim 1 , and the protection barrier is configured to surround a light path of laser light scanned at a deflection angle θ towards the recording medium from each of the laser devices claim 1 ,wherein the protection barrier comprises a first inner side surface at a side of the laser device, and a second inner side surface facing the first inner side surface,wherein, when the irradiation target is not present at a position where laser light emitted from each laser ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 22
07-03-2019 дата публикации

REARVIEW MIRROR ASSEMBLY FOR VEHICLE

Номер: US20190071019A1
Автор: Baur Michael J., Habibi Hamid, Lynam Niall R., McCabe Ian A.
Принадлежит:

An electro-optic mirror reflective element for a rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a front substrate and a rear substrate. A surface of the front substrate and a surface of the rear substrate oppose one another and are spaced apart by a perimeter seal, with an electro-optic medium disposed between the surfaces and bounded by the perimeter seal. A transparent electrically conductive coating is established at the surface of the front substrate, and a specularly reflective mirror reflector is established at the surface of the rear substrate. The specularly reflective mirror reflector includes a stack of thin film layers having (i) an environmentally stable electrically conductive metallic reflecting thin film layer including chromium, (ii) an environmentally vulnerable electrically conductive metallic reflecting thin film layer and (iii) a transparent electrically conductive thin film layer including aluminum doped zinc oxide. 1. An electro-optic mirror reflective element for a rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle , said electro-optic mirror reflective element operable to exhibit electrically variable reflectivity between a high reflectance state and a dimmed reflectance state when an electrical voltage is applied thereto , said electro-optic mirror reflective element comprising:a front substrate having a first surface and a second surface;a rear substrate having a third surface and a fourth surface;wherein said second surface of said front substrate and said third surface of said rear substrate oppose each other and are spaced apart by a perimeter seal, and wherein an electro-optic medium is disposed between said second surface of said front substrate and said third surface of said rear substrate and is bounded by said perimeter seal;wherein no part of said rear substrate extends beyond said front substrate;a transparent electrically conductive coating established at said second surface of said front substrate;a specularly reflective mirror reflector ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 23
16-03-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND METHOD FOR FORMING SUCH DEVICES

Номер: US20170075182A1
Автор: HOLCOMB Nelson R., NGUYEN Paul P., WANG Zhongchun
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device is disclosed which has a plurality of layers, including at least one planarizing layer having an upper surface roughness which is less than or equal to half of the upper surface roughness of an underlying layer in contact with a lower surface of the at least one planarizing layer, wherein at least valleys of the underlying layer are filled by the lower surface of the at least one planarizing layer. A method for fabricating the electrochromic device is also disclosed. 1. An electrochromic device comprising a plurality of layers , including at least one planarizing layer having an upper surface roughness which is less than or equal to half of the upper surface roughness of an underlying layer in contact with a lower surface of the at least one planarizing layer , wherein at least valleys of the underlying layer are filled by the lower surface of the at least one planarizing layer.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , comprising:at least one substrate;a lower transparent conductor layer;a first electrochromic layer;an ion conductor layer;a second electrochromic layer; andan upper transparent conductor layer,wherein: (a) the first electrochromic layer is a primary electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer is a secondary electrochromic layer, or (b) the first electrochromic layer is the secondary electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer is the primary electrochromic layer.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the secondary electrochromic layer comprises a composition represented by the formula LiNiM1M2O claim 2 , where M1 and M2 are different elements and are selected from the group consisting of B claim 2 , Mn claim 2 , Ti claim 2 , Co claim 2 , Zr claim 2 , Al claim 2 , P claim 2 , Si claim 2 , Ru claim 2 , Ta claim 2 , Nb claim 2 , Mo claim 2 , W claim 2 , Ir claim 2 , V claim 2 , Cr claim 2 , N claim 2 , and combinations thereof claim 2 , where a is from 1 to 5; x is from 0 to 1; y is from 0 to 1 ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 24
24-03-2016 дата публикации

REARVIEW ASSEMBLY

Номер: US20160082889A1
Автор: JR. Danny L., Minikey
Принадлежит:

A rearview assembly having an electro-optic element. A front substrate defines a first surface and a second surface. A front side edge is disposed between the first surface and the second surface. A rear substrate is operably coupled with the front substrate and spaced a predetermined distance therefrom. The rear substrate defines a third surface and a fourth surface. A rear side edge is disposed between the third surface and the fourth surface. A perimeter of the rear substrate is larger than a perimeter of the front substrate, such that an outer portion of the third surface is exposed, thereby defining a peripheral step between the front side edge and the rear side edge. An electro-optic material is disposed between the front substrate and the rear substrate. A bezel is configured to extend around the rear substrate, over the outer portion of the third surface. 1. A rearview assembly comprising: a front substrate defining a first surface and a second surface and a front side edge disposed between the first surface and the second surface;', 'a rear substrate operably coupled with the front substrate and spaced a predetermined distance therefrom, the rear substrate defining a third surface and a fourth surface and a rear side edge disposed between the third surface and the fourth surface, wherein a perimeter of the rear substrate is larger than a perimeter of the front substrate, such that an outer portion of the third surface is exposed, thereby defining a peripheral step between the front side edge and the rear side edge; and', 'an electro-optic material disposed between the front substrate and the rear substrate; and, 'an electro-optic element includinga bezel configured to extend around the rear substrate, over the outer portion of the third surface.2. The rearview assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bezel includes a substantially flat front wall that is generally coplanar with the first surface of the front substrate.3. The rearview assembly of claim 1 , wherein ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 25
22-03-2018 дата публикации

Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices

Номер: US20180081250A1
Автор: Anshu A. Pradhan, Robert T. Rozbicki, Robin Friedman, Sridhar Karthik Kailasam
Принадлежит: View Inc

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 26
12-03-2020 дата публикации

Electrochromic device

Номер: US20200081311A1
Автор: Chi-Sun Hwang, Chil Seong Ah, Hojun Ryu, Juhee Song, Tae-Youb KIM
Принадлежит: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI

An electrochromic device according to the inventive concept includes a first electrode; a second electrode on the first electrode; and an electrochromic electrolyte layer and a nanostructure between the first and second electrodes. The nanostructure has a porous structure, and the electrochromic electrolyte layer includes phenothiazine or a compound represented by the following Formula 1: where R 1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 27
25-03-2021 дата публикации

QUALITY CONTROL OF AN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Номер: US20210088867A1
Автор: Ashcroft Alan, Dickey Jerimiah, Lawrence Stephen, Nagel Benjamin, Nagel Paul, Yang Min
Принадлежит:

Quality control of an electrochromic device is described. A method may be subsequent to a stage of manufacturing of an electrochromic device. The method may include directing a current tinting state of the electrochromic device to correspond to a first tinting state and receiving sensor data associated with the directing of the current tinting state of the electrochromic device to correspond to the first tinting state. The method may further include determining, based on the sensor data, whether a corrective action is to be performed for the electrochromic device and, responsive to determining the corrective action is to be performed, cause the corrective action to be performed. 1. A method comprising: directing a current tinting state of the first electrochromic device to correspond to a first tinting state;', 'receiving first sensor data associated with the directing of the current tinting state of the first electrochromic device to correspond to the first tinting state;', 'determining, based on the first sensor data, whether a corrective action is to be performed for the first electrochromic device; and', 'responsive to determining the corrective action is to be performed, causing the corrective action to be performed., 'subsequent to a first stage of manufacturing of a first electrochromic device2. The method of further comprising: directing the current tinting state of the first electrochromic device to correspond to the first tinting state; and', 'receiving second sensor data associated with the directing of the current tinting state of the first electrochromic device to correspond to the first tinting state, wherein the determining whether the corrective action is to be performed is further based on the second sensor data., 'subsequent to a second stage of manufacturing of the first electrochromic device3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first stage of manufacturing is at a first facility and the second stage of manufacturing is at a second facility claim ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 28
29-03-2018 дата публикации

DISPLAY PANEL, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20180088427A1
Автор: Lv Zhenhua, Qiu Yun, Wang Yanfeng, Wang Zhidong
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure provides a display panel, including: a base substrate; a plurality of hemispherical grooves arranged in the base substrate, a reflective material having a refractive index substantially greater than the base substrate being filled in each of the plurality of hemispherical grooves; and at least one electrochromic unit arranged on the base substrate with the reflective material. Each of the at least one electrochromic unit includes two transparent electrodes and an electrochromic material arranged between the two transparent electrodes. 1. A display panel , comprising:a base substrate;a plurality of hemispherical grooves arranged in the base substrate, a reflective material having a refractive index substantially greater than the base substrate being filled in each of the plurality of hemispherical grooves; andat least one electrochromic unit arranged on the base substrate with the reflective material,wherein each of the at least one electrochromic unit comprises two transparent electrodes and an electrochromic material arranged between the two transparent electrodes.2. The display panel according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrochromic unit comprises a plurality of electrochromic units arranged in an array form on the base substrate with the reflective material.3. The display panel according to claim 2 , wherein the transparent electrodes of the plurality of electrochromic units at one side of the electrochromic material are electrically connected to each other claim 2 , and the transparent electrodes at the other side of the electrochromic material are spaced apart from each other.4. The display panel according to claim 3 , wherein the transparent electrodes of the plurality of electrochromic units at the one side of the electrochromic material are formed integrally.5. The display panel according to claim 2 , wherein any two of the plurality of electrochromic units are spaced apart from each other.6. The display panel according to ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 29
21-03-2019 дата публикации

NARROW PRE-DEPOSITION LASER DELETION

Номер: US20190086756A1
Автор: Dixit Abhishek Anant, Martin Todd William, Pradhan Anshu A.
Принадлежит:

Certain aspects pertain to methods of fabricating an optical device on a substantially transparent substrate that include a pre-deposition operation that removes a width of lower conductor layer at a distance from the outer edge of the substrate to form a pad at the outer edge. The pad and any deposited layers of the optical device may be removed in a post edge deletion operation. 125.-. (canceled)26. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device having one or more layers of the electrochromic device sandwiched between a first transparent conductor layer and a second transparent conductor layer , the method comprising:receiving a rectangular glass substrate with the first transparent conductor layer over its work surface;(ii) removing a first strip of the first transparent conductor layer along three sides about the perimeter of the rectangular glass substrate, wherein the first strip is inset from the outer edge of the rectangular glass substrate;(iii) depositing the one or more layers of the electrochromic device and the second transparent conductor layer over substantially the entire work surface of the rectangular glass substrate; and(iv) removing a second strip at a sufficient depth to remove layers of the second transparent conductor, the electrochromic device and the first transparent conductor along substantially the entire perimeter of the rectangular glass substrate.27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the second strip is of sufficient width that its inner edge coincides with or is to the inside of the outer edge of the first strip.28. The method of claim 26 , further comprising removing a region of the second transparent conductor layer and the one or more layers of the electrochromic device revealing an exposed portion of the first transparent conductor layer.29. The method of claim 28 , wherein removing the region of the second transparent conductor layer and the one or more layers of the electrochromic device includes removing a portion of the first ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 30
21-03-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMER THIN FILMS HAVING REDUCED SELF-BLEACHING BEHAVIOR AND ENHANCED CYCLING STABILITY

Номер: US20190086757A1
Автор: He Jiazhi, Mei Jianguo, Zhou Yan
Принадлежит:

The disclosure relates generally to electrochromic devices wherein the self-bleaching behavior of an electrochromic polymer (ECP) film is suppressed, and related methods. In some embodiments, provided are ECP films on modified transparent conductive oxide substrates, such as a partially octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) covered indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate (POTS-ITO substrate), methods of preparing the ECP films, and electrochromic devices comprising the films. 1. An electrochromic device (ECD) comprising an electrochromic polymer (ECP) film on a modified transparent conductive oxide substrate which is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrate partially or fully covered with a modification material selected from C-Calkyltrichlorosilane , TiO , ZnO , WO , MoO , VO , NiO , NiO , and NiO , HMDS (bis(trimethylsilyl)amine) , APTS ((3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) , and trimethoxy(2-phenylethyl)silane , poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) , poly(3 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) , or a combination thereof.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide substrate comprises indium tin oxide (ITO) claim 1 , fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) claim 1 , aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) claim 1 , or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material is C-Calkyltrichlorosilane.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material is octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS).5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material is in the form of a thin layer.6. The electrochromic device of claim 5 , wherein the thickness of a thin layer is less than about 100 nm.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material fully covers the transparent conductive oxide substrate.8. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 31
21-03-2019 дата публикации

Electrochemically Actuated Optical Modulator

Номер: US20190086758A1
Автор: Cohn Adam P., Coppens Zachary J., Pint Cary L., Valentine Jason G.
Принадлежит:

A device according to one example of principles described herein may include a backplane, electrochemical actuator, and an optical resonator, wherein the electrochemical actuator is located between the backplane and optical resonator. Applied energy may be used to modify the volume of the electrochemical actuator material modifying the resonant/interferometric absorption, transmission, and reflection at visible and/or infrared frequencies. 1. An optical modulator , comprisinga backplane,an electrochemical actuator, andan optical resonator electromagnetically coupled to the backplane,wherein the electrochemical actuator is located between the backplane and optical resonator.2. The optical modulator of claim 1 , wherein application of energy to the electrochemical actuator modifies electromagnetic coupling of the optical resonator and the backplane.3. The optical modulator of wherein modification of the electromagnetic coupling of the optical resonator and the backplane changes an optical resonance frequency of the optical resonator.4. The optical modulator of claim 2 , wherein the application of energy changes a height of the electrochemical actuator to adjust the distance between the optical resonator and the backplane to modify the electromagnetic coupling of the optical resonator and the backplane.5. The optical modulator of claim 2 , wherein application of the energy causes the volume of the electrochemical actuator to increase.6. The optical modulator of claim 5 , wherein the volume increase is in a direction substantially perpendicular to a planar surface of the backplane.7. The optical modulator of claim 3 , wherein the optical resonance frequency is changeable by modifying at least one of the resonant absorption claim 3 , transmission claim 3 , and reflection.8. The optical modulator of claim 3 , wherein the optical resonance frequency is in the visible frequency band.9. The optical modulator of claim 3 , wherein the optical resonance frequency is in the ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 32
05-04-2018 дата публикации

FASTER SWITCHING LOW-DEFECT ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS

Номер: US20180095337A1
Автор: Friedman Robin, Gillaspie Dane Thomas, Jack Gordon E., Kailasam Sridhar Karthik, Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит: VIEW, INC.

Electrochromic devices comprise first and second conductors, wherein at least one of the first and second conductors is a multi-layered conductor. The electrochromic devices further comprise an electrochromic stack between the conductors adjacent to a substrate. The at least one multi-layered conductor comprises a metal layer sandwiched between a first non-metal layer and a second non-metal layer such that the metal layer does not contact the electrochromic stack. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:first and second conductors, wherein at least one of the first and second conductors is a multi-layered conductor; anda solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack between the first and second conductors adjacent a substrate;wherein the multi-layer conductor comprises a metal layer sandwiched between a first non-metal layer and a second non-metal layer such that the metal layer does not contact the solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack, andwherein each of the first and second non-metal layers is a transparent conductive oxide layer or a defect mitigating insulating layer.2. (canceled)3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional metal layers claim 1 , wherein each of the additional metal layers is sandwiched between the first non-metal layer and the second non-metal layer.46-. (canceled)7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a diffusion barrier disposed on the substrate.8. (canceled)9. The electrochromic device of claim 7 , wherein the diffusion barrier is a tri-layer stack of SiO claim 7 , SnO claim 7 , and SiOlayers claim 7 , wherein the SiOlayer has a thickness of between 20 nm and 30 nm claim 7 , wherein the SnOlayer has a thickness of between 20 nm and 30 nm claim 7 , and wherein the SiOlayer has a thickness of between 2 nm and 10 nm.1011-. (canceled)12. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein an overall sheet resistance of the first and second conductors is less than less than 5 Ω/□. ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 33
02-06-2022 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT AND ELECTROCHROMIC LIGHT CONTROL LENS

Номер: US20220171230A1
Автор: TAKEUCHI Kohji
Принадлежит: RICOH COMPANY, LTD.

Provided is an electrochromic element including: a first substrate; a first electrode layer including a transparent conductive layer A, a first metal layer, and a transparent conductive layer B; an electrochromic layer; an electrolyte layer; a second electrode layer including a transparent conductive layer C, a second metal layer, and a transparent conductive layer D; and a second substrate. The electrochromic element includes the electrolyte layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The transparent conductive layers A to D contain at least one selected from the group consisting of ITO, FTO, and ATO. The first and the second metal layers contain at least one selected from the group consisting of silver alloys containing at least one of palladium, gold, platinum, and copper in silver, and silver. Average thickness of the transparent conductive layers A to D is 5 nm or greater but 12 nm or less. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a first substrate;a first electrode layer including a transparent conductive layer A, a first metal layer, and a transparent conductive layer B;an electrochromic layer;an electrolyte layer;a second electrode layer including a transparent conductive layer C, a second metal layer, and a transparent conductive layer D; anda second substratewherein the electrochromic element comprises the electrolyte layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer,the transparent conductive layer A, the transparent conductive layer B, the transparent conductive layer C, and the transparent conductive layer D contain at least one selected from the group consisting of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO),the first metal layer and the second metal layer contain at least one selected from the group consisting of silver alloys containing at least one of palladium, gold, platinum, and copper in silver, and silver, andan average thickness of the ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 34
21-04-2016 дата публикации

PRETREATMENT OF TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE OXIDE (TCO) THIN FILMS FOR IMPROVED ELECTRICAL CONTACT

Номер: US20160109777A1
Автор: Dixit Abhishek Anant, Martin Todd, Pradhan Anshu A., Strong Fabian
Принадлежит: VIEW, INC.

Certain embodiments relate to optical devices and methods of fabricating optical devices that pre-treat a sub-layer to enable selective removal of the pre-treated sub-layer and overlying layers. Other embodiments pertain to methods of fabricating an optical device that apply a sacrificial material layer. 1. A method of fabricating an optical device , the method comprising , in the following order:(a) exposing a sub-layer of the optical device to an energy source;(b) depositing one or more material layers of the optical device on the sub-layer; and(c) ablating the one or more material layers and the sub-layer with a laser to expose an underlying layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the underlying layer is a lower conductor layer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein exposing the sub-layer to the energy source in (a) increases the absorptive properties of the sub-layer.4. (canceled)5. The method of claim 1 , wherein exposing the sub-layer to the energy source in (a) changes properties of the sub-layer and the underlying layer so that the sub-layer has higher absorptive properties relative to the underlying layer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein (a) is performed only on a portion of the area of the sub-layer and (c) is performed substantially on the same portion of the sub-layer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the optical device is an electrochromic device.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the energy source used in (a) is one of the laser used in (c) claim 1 , another laser claim 1 , or a plasma.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sub-layer comprises a metal oxide claim 1 , a metal nitride claim 1 , a metal carbide claim 1 , a metal oxynitride claim 1 , or a metal oxycarbide.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sub-layer comprises TiO.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sub-layer comprises a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , tantalum oxide claim 1 , cerium oxide claim 1 , ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 35
20-04-2017 дата публикации

Eletrochromic Display Device

Номер: US20170108754A1
Автор: Moazzam Ali
Принадлежит: Saralon GmbH

An electrochromic display devices to display a desired image is taught. The display includes a transparent substrate, deposited with a first electrically conducting layer. At least one electrochromic layer is provided on the first electrically conducting layer. An ionically conducting layer is provided on the electrochromic layer and a piezoresistive layer is provided on the second electrically conducting layer. A third electrically conducting layer is provided on the piezoresistive layer. The electrochromic display device displays image in two different modes. In the first mode, an electrical potential is applied across the first and second electrically conducting layer. In the second mode, an electrical potential is applied across the first and the third electrically conducting layer and simultaneously a pressure is applied on the surface.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 36
11-04-2019 дата публикации

COUNTER ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20190107763A1
Автор: Gillaspie Dane, Kailasam Sridhar K., Pradhan Anshu A.
Принадлежит:

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel-tungsten-tin-oxide (NiWSnO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state. 1. (canceled)2. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device , the method comprising:(a) forming either an electrochromic layer comprising tungsten oxide or a counter electrode layer comprising nickel-tungsten-tin-oxide (NiWSnO), wherein the electrochromic layer or counter electrode layer formed in (a) includes an oxygen-rich portion comprising an oxygen-rich tungsten oxide or an oxygen-rich NiWSnO, respectively;(b) forming the other of the electrochromic layer and the counter electrode layer directly on the electrochromic layer or counter electrode layer formed in (a), without first providing an ion conducting electronically insulating layer between the electrochromic layer and the counter electrode layer; and(c) converting at least a portion of the oxygen-rich tungsten oxide or the oxygen-rich NiWSnO to a material that is substantially ion conducting and substantially electronically insulating.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic layer is deposited in (a) and comprises the oxygen-rich tungsten oxide claim 2 , and wherein the counter electrode layer is deposited in (b) directly in contact with the oxygen-rich tungsten oxide.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein (c) comprises converting at least a portion of oxygen-rich tungsten oxide to the material that is substantially ion conducting and substantially electronically insulating.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the counter electrode layer is deposited in (a) and comprises the oxygen-rich NiWSnO claim 2 , and wherein the electrochromic layer is deposited in (b) directly in contact with the oxygen-rich NiWSnO .6. The ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 37
11-04-2019 дата публикации

FABRICATION OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20190107764A1
Автор: Friedman Robin, Gillaspie Dane, Kailasam Sridhar K., Mehtani Disha, Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert
Принадлежит:

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. (canceled)2. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device on a transparent substrate , the method comprising:(a) receiving the transparent substrate with a first transparent conductive layer on its work surface, or depositing the first transparent conductive layer on the substrate's work surface;(b) forming an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer;(c) forming the other of the electrochromic layer or the counter electrode layer;(d) forming a second transparent conductive layer; and(e) (1) after (a) and before (b), forming a first layer over the first transparent conductive layer, the first layer comprising at least one of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, and tantalum nitride; and/or (2) after (c) and before (d), forming a second layer over the other of the electrochromic layer or the counter electrode layer, the second layer comprising at least one of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, and tantalum nitride.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein (e) comprises forming the first ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 38
14-05-2015 дата публикации

Defect-mitigation layers in electrochromic devices

Номер: US20150131140A1
Автор: Anshu A. Pradhan, Dane Gillaspie, Disha Mehtani, Robert Rozbicki, Robin Friedman, Sridhar K. Kailasam
Принадлежит: View Inc

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10 8 Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 39
16-04-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Номер: US20200117066A1
Автор: HAN Jae Sung, Lee Dong Hyun, LEE Su Hee, LIM Chang Yoon, SONG Doo Hoon
Принадлежит: LG CHEM, LTD.

The present invention relates to an electrochromic device, and according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrochromic device comprising: a first electrode layer; a first electrochromic layer provided on the first electrode layer; an electrolyte layer provided on the first electrochromic layer; a second electrochromic layer provided on the electrolyte layer; and a second electrode layer provided on the second electrochromic layer, wherein it comprises a first auxiliary electrode layer and a second auxiliary electrode layer each provided on each opposite surface of the first electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer opposed to each other with the electrolyte layer interposed therebetween. 1. An electrochromic device comprising: a first electrode layer; a first electrochromic layer provided on the first electrode layer; an electrolyte layer provided on the first electrochromic layer; a second electrochromic layer provided on the electrolyte layer; and a second electrode layer provided on the second electrochromic layer ,wherein it comprises a first auxiliary electrode layer and a second auxiliary electrode layer each provided on each opposite surface of the first electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer opposed to each other with the electrolyte layer interposed therebetween.2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 ,wherein the first and second auxiliary electrode layers are arranged asymmetrically on the basis of the electrolyte layer.3. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 ,wherein the first and second auxiliary electrode layers are formed in a metal mesh or metal strip pattern.4. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 ,wherein the first and second auxiliary electrode layers each comprise an electrode portion formed of a metal material and an insulation portion surrounding said electrode portion so as to insulate said electrode portion.5. The electrochromic device according to ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 40
11-05-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20170131609A1
Автор: Hirano Shigenobu, HORIUCHI Tamotsu, Inoue Mamiko, Kim Sukchan, Naijo Yoshihisa, Okada Yoshinori, Sagisaka Toshiya, Takahashi Hiroyuki, Tsuji Kazuaki, YASHIRO Tohru, YUTANI Keiichiroh
Принадлежит: RICOH COMANY, LTD.

Provided is an electrochromic display device, including: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes: and an electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other, wherein the electrochromic display device includes an yttrium-containing metal oxide layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided. 1. An electrochromic display device , comprising:a pair of electrodes facing each other:an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes; andan electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other,wherein the electrochromic display device comprises a metal oxide layer that comprises yttrium, wherein the metal oxide layer is between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided.2. The electrochromic display device according to claim 1 ,wherein one of the pair of electrodes is composed of a display substrate and a display electrode provided over the display substrate, and the other of the pair of electrodes is composed of: a counter substrate provided to face the display substrate; and a counter electrode provided over the counter substrate.3. The electrochromic display device according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide layer that comprises yttrium comprises yttrium oxide.4. The electrochromic display device according to claim 3 ,wherein a content of the yttrium oxide in the metal oxide layer is 10 mol % or higher.5. An electrochromic display device claim 3 , comprising:a display substrate;a plurality of display electrodes provided over the display substrate and provided over different planes respectively;a plurality of electrochromic layers provided over the plurality of display electrodes respectively;a counter substrate provided to face the display substrate;counter electrodes provided over the counter substrate; andan electrolytic solution layer ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 41
19-05-2016 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE CONTAINING METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND ULTRAVIOLET BLOCKING MATERIAL

Номер: US20160139476A1
Автор: Basu Sourav, GARCIA Guillermo, GREGORATTO Ivano, Holt Jason, KOO Bonil, ROSEN Evelyn, THOMSEN Scott
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device includes a nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze layer that includes one or more transition metal oxide and one or more dopant. The electrochromic device also includes nanoparticles containing one or more transparent conducting oxide (TCO), a solid state electrolyte, a counter electrode, and at least one protective layer to prevent degradation of the one or more nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze. The nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze selectively modulates transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible radiation as a function of an applied voltage to the device. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:a first transparent conductor layer; 'a nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze layer comprising one or more transition metal oxide and one or more dopant species;', 'a working electrode comprisinga solid state electrolyte layer;a counter electrode layer;a second transparent conductor layer; andat least one protective layer configured to reduce degradation of the nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze layer due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one protective layer comprises:an electrically insulating material that prevents or reduces electrons from the electrolyte layer from interaction with the nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze layer,wherein the electrons are generated by exposure of the electrochromic device to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein:the nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze layer comprises a plurality of transition metal oxide bronze nanoparticles; andthe at least one protective layer is formed from shells of the electrically insulating material that encapsulate each transition metal oxide bronze nanoparticle.4. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein the electrically insulating material comprises at least one of a niobium oxide claim 3 , a zinc oxide claim 3 , an ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 42
18-05-2017 дата публикации

ELECTRO-OPTIC GAS BARRIER

Номер: US20170139302A1
Автор: Tonar William L.
Принадлежит: GENTEX CORPORATION

An electro-optic element is provided that includes a first substantially transparent substrate having first and second surfaces disposed on opposite sides thereof. The second surface has a first electrically conductive layer and a second substantially transparent substrate has third and fourth surfaces disposed on opposite sides thereof. The third surface includes a second electrically conductive layer. At least one of the first and second substantially transparent substrates includes a polymer. A primary seal is positioned such that the primary seal and the first and second substrates define a cavity therebetween. An electro-optic medium is disposed in the cavity. The electro-optic medium is variably transmissive such that the electro-optic medium is operable between generally clear and darkened states. A polymeric barrier is disposed between the first electrically conductive layer and the electro-optic medium. 1. An electro-optic element comprising:a first substantially transparent substrate having first and second surfaces disposed on opposite sides thereof, wherein the second surface comprises a first electrically conductive layer;a second substantially transparent substrate having third and fourth surfaces disposed on opposite sides thereof, wherein the third surface comprises a second electrically conductive layer, further wherein at least one of the first and second substantially transparent substrates comprises a polymer;a primary seal positioned such that the primary seal and the first and second substrates define a cavity therebetween;an electro-optic medium disposed in the cavity, the electro-optic medium being variably transmissive such that the electro-optic medium is operable between generally clear and darkened states; anda polymeric barrier disposed between the first electrically conductive layer and the electro-optic medium.2. The electro-optic element of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric barrier is configured to resist gas transmission.3. The electro ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 43
09-05-2019 дата публикации

COATING PROCESS USING PREMIXED PRINT FORMULATIONS

Номер: US20190137838A1
Автор: Ahlf Maraike, Goebel Michael, Roeder Jens, Seeler Fabian
Принадлежит:

Described are a process for preparing a layer structure for an electrochromic device and a process for preparing an electrochromic device. 1. A process for preparing a layer structure for an electrochromic device ,said process comprising preparing an electrochromic composite layer disposed on a surface of a solid substrate, providing a first suspension comprising nanoobjects comprising one or more electrochromic metal oxides dispersed in a first carrier liquid having a boiling point below 120° C.;', 'providing a second suspension comprising electronically conductive nanoobjects dispersed in a second carrier liquid having a boiling point below 120° C., said electronically conductive nanoobjects not comprising metal oxides;', 'adding together said first suspension and said second suspension to obtain a third suspension comprising said nanoobjects comprising one or more electrochromic metal oxides and said electronically conductive nanoobjects dispersed in a third carrier liquid having a boiling point below 120° C. consisting of said first carrier liquid and said second carrier liquid;', one or more kinds of polymerisable monomers,', 'optionally one or more initiators for initiating radical polymerization of said one or more kinds of polymerisable monomers,', {'sup': +', '+', '+', '+', '−', '+', '+', '+, 'at least one electrolyte having cations selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K wherein said at least one electrolyte comprises at least one anion that is different from OH or at least one cation from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, an d'}, 'a solvent capable of dissolving said at least one electrolyte, wherein said solvent has a boiling point of 120° C. or higher, 'forming an ink by admixing to said third suspension, 'forming on said surface of said solid substrate a wet film by applying the formed ink to said surface of said solid substrate;', 'removing said third carrier liquid having a boiling point below 120° C. from the wet film formed on said ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 44
09-05-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC MULTI-LAYER DEVICES WITH COMPOSITE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE LAYERS

Номер: US20190137840A1
Автор: Bergh Howard S., Timmerman Nicolas, Ziebarth Jonathan
Принадлежит:

A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate and a first electrically conductive layer on a surface thereof, the first electrically conductive layer having a sheet resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position. 1a first substrate comprising a surface, and; a first patterned conductive layer; and', 'a first transparent conductive material layer, wherein the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer comprises a spatially varying resistance to current flow substantially parallel to a major surface of the first patterned electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position in the first composite electrically conductive layer., 'a first patterned composite electrically conductive layer on the surface of the first substrate, the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer comprising. A multi-layer device, comprising: The present invention generally relates to switchable electrochromic devices, such as architectural windows, capable of coordinated switching over substantially their entire area or a selected subregion of their entire area. More particularly, and in one preferred embodiment, the present invention is directed to switchable electrochromic multi-layer devices, particularly large area rectangular windows for architectural applications that switch in a spatially coordinated manner over substantially their entire area or a selected subregion of their entire area; optionally these are of non-uniform shape, optionally they switch synchronously, i.e., uniformly, over substantially their entire area or a selected subregion of their entire area, or in a coordinated but nonsynchronous manner (e.g., from side-to-side, or top-to-bottom) from a first optical state, e.g., a transparent state, to a second optical state, e.g., a reflective or colored state.Commercial switchable glazing devices are well known for use as mirrors in motor vehicles, ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 45
02-06-2016 дата публикации

REVERSIBLE ELECTROCHEMICAL MIRROR

Номер: US20160154288A1
Автор: AH Chil Seong, CHO Seong-Mok, KIM Tae-Youb, Ryu Hojun
Принадлежит:

Provided is a reversible electrochemical mirror including a first substrate, a second substrate on the first substrate and spaced apart from the first substrate, a first transparent electrode on the first substrate, a second transparent electrode under the second substrate, a semi-transmissive film between the second substrate and the second transparent electrode, a barrier rib having a chamber between the first and second transparent electrode and an electrolyte solution filled in the chamber. 1. A reversible electrochemical mirror comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate on the first substrate and spaced apart from the first substrate;a first transparent electrode on the first substrate;a second transparent electrode under the second substrate;a semi-transmissive film between the second substrate and the second transparent electrode;a barrier rib between the first and second transparent electrode, the barrier rib having a chamber; andan electrolyte solution filled in the chamber.2. The reversible electrochemical mirror of claim 1 , wherein the semi-transmissive film includes a metal thin film.3. The reversible electrochemical mirror of claim 2 , wherein the metal thin film includes tungsten.4. The reversible electrochemical mirror of claim 2 , wherein the metal thin film has a thickness ranging from about 4 nm to about 12 nm.5. The reversible electrochemical mirror of claim 1 , wherein the first and second transparent electrodes include indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO).6. The reversible electrochemical mirror of claim 5 , wherein the second transparent electrode has a thickness ranging from about 100 nm to about 500 nm.7. The reversible electrochemical mirror of claim 6 , wherein the second transparent electrode has a thickness ranging from 140 nm to 160 nm claim 6 , and the reversible electrochemical mirror reflects a red light.8. The reversible electrochemical mirror of claim 6 , wherein the second transparent electrode has a ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 46
16-05-2019 дата публикации

Electrochromic device structures

Номер: US20190145161A1
Автор: Anoop Agrawal, John P. Cronin, Lori Adams, Maha Achour
Принадлежит: Polyceed Inc

An integrated window structure having opposing substrates that sandwich an electrochromic coating, a dye layer and an ion-isolating mechanism. In some embodiments, this is a selective ion-conductive layer and other embodiments incorporate nanostructures and polymers to tether the dye ions; these methods prevent dye ions from transporting into the electrochromic layer during redox activity. Control and systems to integrate the electrochromic elements in windows is provided.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 47
16-05-2019 дата публикации

MITIGATING DEFECTS IN AN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE UNDER A BUS BAR

Номер: US20190146295A1
Автор: Dauson Douglas, Dixit Abhishek Anant, Parker Ronald M., Pradhan Anshu A.
Принадлежит:

Methods are provided for fabricating electrochromic devices that mitigate formation of short circuits under a top bus bar without predetermining where top bus bars will be applied on the device. Devices fabricated using such methods may be deactivated under the top bus bar, or may include active material under the top bus bar. Methods of fabricating devices with active material under a top bus bar include depositing a modified top bus bar, fabricating self-healing layers in the electrochromic device, and modifying a top transparent conductive layer of the device prior to applying bus bars. 177-. (canceled)78. A method of manufacturing an electrochromic device comprising an electrochromic stack between a first and a second transparent electronically conductive layer configured to deliver potential over surfaces of the electrochromic stack and thereby cause optical switching of the electrochromic device , the method of manufacturing comprising:(a) fabricating the electrochromic stack on a glass substrate without pre-patterning in a first facility;(b) shipping the glass substrate including the electrochromic stack to a second facility; and(c) performing post-processing in the second facility.79. The method of claim 78 , wherein (c) comprises cutting the glass substrate to multiple electrochromic lites.80. The method of claim 79 , further comprising deactivating the electrochromic stack under at least one of one or more bus bars applied on the glass substrate during post-processing.81. (canceled)82. The method of claim 80 , wherein the deactivating comprises sensitizing the electrochromic stack claim 80 , the first transparent claim 80 , electronically conductive layer and/or the second transparent claim 80 , electronically conductive layer by performing a treatment selected from the group consisting of applying heat claim 80 , irradiating claim 80 , applying a chemical or composition claim 80 , and combinations thereof.83. The method of claim 78 , wherein (c) comprises ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 48
09-06-2016 дата публикации

DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Номер: US20160161770A1
Автор: HWANG Hyeon Deuk, JOO So Yeon, KIM SU KYOUNG
Принадлежит:

A display device, including a display panel displaying an image; a cover receiving the display panel therein; and a protective layer between the display panel and the cover and including a chromic material. 1. A display device , comprising:a display panel displaying an image;a bottom cover receiving the display panel therein; anda protective layer between the display panel and the cover and including a chromic material.2. The display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the chromic material is a photochromic material that is discolored in response to light being applied thereto.3. The display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the protective layer further includes a latent pigment.4. The display device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the latent pigment includes a phase change material and a polymer surrounding the phase change material.5. The display device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a protective sheet between the protective layer and the bottom cover.6. The display device as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the protective sheet does not include a light-shielding sheet.7. The display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate, the second substrate being on a first surface of the first substrate, andthe protective layer covers an entire second surface of the first substrate.8. The display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the chromic material is a thermochromic material that is discolored at a temperature within a predetermined temperature range.9. The display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the chromic material is an electrochromic material that is discolored in response to a current with a predetermined level being applied thereto.10. The display device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the protective layer is formed by screen printing.11. A method of manufacturing a display device claim 1 , the method comprising:preparing a display device including a first substrate and a ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 49
23-05-2019 дата публикации

Electrochromic device including a transparent conductive oxide layer and a bus bar and a process of forming the same

Номер: US20190155121A1
Автор: Sophie BROSSARD
Принадлежит: Sage Electrochromics Inc

An electrochromic device can include a substrate, a transparent conductive oxide layer over the substrate, and a bus bar over the substrate. The bus bar can include silver and has a resistivity of at most 6.7×10 −6 Ω*cm, an average adhesion strength to SiO 2 of at least 3N based on 20 measurements, as determined by Method A of ASTM B905-00 (Reapproved 2010), or a classification of at least 4, as determined by Method B of ASTM B905-00 (Reapproved 2010). In another aspect a process of forming an electrochromic device can include forming a transparent conductive oxide layer over a substrate; forming a bus bar precursor over the substrate, wherein the precursor includes silver; and firing the precursor to form a bus bar. Firing can be performed such that the first bus bar is at a temperature of at least 390° C.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 50
16-06-2016 дата публикации

TOUCH SENSING MIRROR STRUCTURE

Номер: US20160167584A1
Автор: Chan Meng-Chia, Chang Tse-Hu
Принадлежит:

A touch sensing mirror structure including a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, a package material, an electrochromic material, a light reflecting electrode layer, and a transparent electrode layer is provided. The second transparent substrate is located above the first transparent substrate. The package material is bonded between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate to define a chamber between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. The chamber is filled with the electrochromic material. The light reflecting electrode layer is disposed on the first transparent substrate and contacts the electrochromic material. The transparent electrode layer is disposed on the second transparent substrate and contacts the electrochromic material. 1. A touch sensing mirror structure comprising:a first transparent substrate;a second transparent substrate, located above the first transparent substrate;a package material, bonded between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate to define a chamber between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate;an electrochromic material, the chamber being filled with the electrochromic material;a light reflecting electrode layer, disposed on the first transparent substrate, the light reflecting electrode layer contacting the electrochromic material; anda transparent electrode layer, disposed on the second transparent substrate, the transparent electrode layer contacting the electrochromic material.2. The touch sensing mirror structure as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:a power supply, electrically connected to the light reflecting electrode layer and the transparent electrode layer.3. The touch sensing mirror structure as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising:a photo-sensing element, electrically connected to the power supply, wherein when the photo-sensing element senses a light beam projected to ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 51
24-06-2021 дата публикации

FASTER SWITCHING LOW-DEFECT ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS

Номер: US20210191214A1
Автор: Friedman Robin, Gillaspie Dane Thomas, Jack Gordon E., Kailasam Sridhar Karthik, Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Electrochromic devices with multi-layer conductors including one or more of a defect mitigation insulating layer, a color tuning layer and metal layer pair, and a transparent conductive oxide layer. 139-. (canceled)40. An electrochromic device comprising:a substantially transparent substrate;a first conductor and a second conductor, wherein at least one of the first and second conductors is a multi-layered conductor; anda solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack between the first and second conductors;wherein the multi-layer conductor comprises a metal layer sandwiched between a first non-metal layer and a second non-metal layer such that the metal layer does not contact the solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack,wherein each of the first and second non-metal layers is a transparent conductive oxide layer or a defect mitigating insulating layer, andwherein all layers of the first and second conductors and the solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack are deposited on the substantially transparent substrate.41. The electrochromic device of claim 40 , further comprising one or more additional metal layers claim 40 , wherein each of the additional metal layers is sandwiched between the first non-metal layer and the second non-metal layer.42. The electrochromic device of claim 40 , further comprising an ion diffusion barrier disposed on the substantially transparent substrate claim 40 , between one of the first and second conductors and the substantially transparent substrate.43. The electrochromic device of claim 42 , wherein the ion diffusion barrier is a tri-layer stack comprising a SiOlayer claim 42 , a SnOlayer claim 42 , and a SiOlayer claim 42 , wherein the SiOlayer has a thickness of between 20 nm and 30 nm claim 42 , wherein the SnOlayer has a thickness of between 20 nm and 30 nm claim 42 , and wherein the SiOlayer has a thickness of between 2 nm and 10 nm.44. The electrochromic device of claim 40 , wherein an overall sheet resistance of the ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 52
16-06-2016 дата публикации

Electrochromic multi-layer devices with composite electrically conductive layers

Номер: US20160170278A1
Автор: Howard S. Bergh, Jonathan Ziebarth, Nicolas TIMMERMAN
Принадлежит: Kinestral Technologies Inc

A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate and a first electrically conductive layer on a surface thereof, the first electrically conductive layer having a sheet resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 53
16-06-2016 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC MULTI-LAYER DEVICES WITH COMPOSITE CURRENT MODULATING STRUCTURE

Номер: US20160170279A1
Автор: Bergh Howard S., Timmerman Nicolas, Ziebarth Jonathan
Принадлежит:

A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer and a first current modulating structure on a surface thereof, the first current modulating structure comprising a composite of a resistive material and a patterned insulating material, the first current modulating structure having a cross-layer resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first current modulating structure that varies as a function of position. 1. A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate and a layered stack that is transmissive to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range of infrared to ultraviolet on a surface of the first substrate , the layered stack comprising a first electrically conductive layer and a first current modulating structure each covering at least 0.01 mof the surface of the first substrate , the first electrically conductive layer being between the surface of the first substrate and the current modulating structure , the current modulating structure comprising a patterned layer.2. The multi-layer device of wherein the current modulating structure comprises a resistive material and a patterned insulator layer claim 1 , the resistive material having a resistivity of at least 10but less than 10Ω·cm.3. The multi-layer device of wherein a ratio of the average cross-layer resistance through a first region of the first current modulating structure circumscribed by a first convex polygon to the average cross-layer resistance through a second region of the first current modulating structure circumscribed by a second convex polygon is at least 1.25 claim 1 , the first and second regions circumscribed by the first and second convex polygons claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , each comprising at least 10% of the surface area of the first current modulating structure.4. The multi-layer device of wherein the ratio of the average sheet resistance in a first region of the first electrically conductive layer circumscribed by ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 54
15-06-2017 дата публикации

IR TRANSMITTING COATING FOR ELECTRO-OPTIC ELEMENT

Номер: US20170166134A1
Автор: GAO JIAN, Neuman George A., Weller Andrew D.
Принадлежит:

The disclosure provides for an electrochromic element comprising a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface. The second substrate comprises a third surface and a fourth surface. The first substrate and the second substrate form a cavity have an electrochromic medium disposed therein. A dielectric coating is disposed on the fourth surface and is configured to provide for improved transmittance of the electrochromic element in the near infrared (NIR) range, wherein the near infrared transmittance exceeds the visible transmittance. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a first substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface;a second substrate comprising a third surface and a fourth surface, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate form a cavity between the second surface and the third surface;an electrochromic medium contained in the cavity; anda transflective dielectric coating disposed on the fourth surface, wherein a near infrared transmittance exceeds a visible transmittance of the electrochromic element.2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the near infrared transmittance corresponds to wavelengths between 800 nm and 940 nm.3. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the near infrared transmittance is at least 1.5 times greater than the visible transmittance.4. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the transmittance of the transflective dielectric coating in the NIR range is greater than 30%.5. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the transmittance of the transflective dielectric coating in the NIR range is greater than 50%.6. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the transmittance of the transflective dielectric coating in the NIR range is greater than 70%.7. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the transflective dielectric coating is configured in a ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 55
23-06-2016 дата публикации

Article of Footwear With Color Change Portion and Method of Changing Color

Номер: US20160174650A1
Автор: Donovan Sharna M., Hartford Sean D., Malhotra Vikram, Mishler Michelle L., Molyneux James, Owings Andrew A., Weast Aaron B., Wilkins Bradley W.
Принадлежит: Nike, Inc.

An article with a color change portion and a method of changing color. The article includes at least one color change portion capable of changing colors. The color change portion includes composite material including a photonic lattice. The color change portion can change colors according to one or more performance parameters. The article can be connected to a computer and the color change portion can be controlled using the computer

Подробнее
Номер записи: 56
01-07-2021 дата публикации

ULTRATHIN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE FOR HIGH OPTICAL MODULATION

Номер: US20210200051A1
Автор: Ma Liping
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates to electrochromic devices including an insulating layer and at least one electrochromic material having one or more optical properties that may be changed upon application of an electric potential. The device may include a conductive nanoparticle layer and/or a buffer layer. Upon provision of an electric potential above a threshold, electrons and holes may be injected into the electrochromic material and blocked by the insulating layer, resulting in an accumulation of the electrons and holes in their respective electrochromic material resulting in a change to the one or more optical properties of the electrochromic material. An opposite electric potential may be provided to reverse the change in the one or more optical properties. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a first electrode layer, wherein the first electrode layer comprises a transparent conductive material;a first electrochromic layer in electrical communication with the first electrode layer, wherein the first electrochromic layer comprises a p-type electrochromic material;an insulating layer in electrical communication with the first electrochromic layer;a second electrochromic layer in electrical communication with the insulating layer, wherein the second electrochromic layer comprises an n-type electrochromic material; anda second electrode layer in electrical communication with the second electrochromic layer, wherein the second electrode layer comprises a transparent conductive material.2. The electrochromic element of claim 1 , wherein the insulating layer comprises an electrically insulating material characterized by at least one band gap of at least 5 eV claim 1 , a conductance band minimum of at least 2 eV relative to the material's Fermi level claim 1 , and a dielectric constant of at least 5.3. The electrochromic element of claim 1 , wherein the element further comprises a buffer layer disposed between claim 1 , and in electrical communication with claim 1 , ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 57
22-06-2017 дата публикации

Narrow pre-deposition laser deletion

Номер: US20170176831A1
Автор: Abhishek Anant Dixit, Anshu A. Pradhan, Todd William Martin
Принадлежит: View Inc

Certain aspects pertain to methods of fabricating an optical device on a substantially transparent substrate that include a pre-deposition operation that removes a width of lower conductor layer at a distance from the outer edge of the substrate to form a pad at the outer edge. The pad and any deposited layers of the optical device may be removed in a post edge deletion operation.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 58
22-06-2017 дата публикации

MIRROR ASSEMBLY INCORPORATING A SCANNING APPARATUS

Номер: US20170177935A1
Автор: Lock Nigel T., Weller Andrew D.
Принадлежит:

The disclosure provides for a scanning apparatus. The scanning apparatus may be disposed in a vehicle mirror assembly. The mirror assembly comprises an electrochromic element comprising a first substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface, and a second substrate comprising a third surface and a fourth surface. The mirror assembly further comprises an image sensor directed toward the fourth surface and configured to capture image data of an object through the electrochromic element. A light source is disposed proximate the fourth surface and configured to transmit an emission through the electrochromic element. The image sensor is configured to capture the image data to identify at least one passenger of the vehicle. 1. A scanning apparatus comprising: a first substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface;', 'a second substrate comprising a third surface and a fourth surface, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate form a cavity;', 'an electrochromic medium contained in the cavity; and, 'an electrochromic element comprisingan image sensor directed toward the fourth surface and configured to capture image data of an object through the electrochromic element;a light source directed toward the fourth surface and configured to transmit an emission through the electrochromic element, wherein the image sensor is configured to capture the image data to identify a subject in the image data.2. The scanning apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first surface corresponds to a viewing side of the mirror assembly and the fourth surface is directed into a housing of the mirror assembly.3. The scanning apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the image sensor is configured to capture the image data in a field of view directed outward from the first surface and through the electrochromic element.4. The scanning apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a display disposed in the mirror assembly.5. The scanning apparatus according ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 59
28-05-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC FILM AND AN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME

Номер: US20200166819A1
Автор: Kim Ki Hwan, Kim Yong Chan
Принадлежит: LG CHEM, LTD.

An electrochromic film and an electrochromic device including the electrochromic film are disclosed. The electrochromic film includes an electrochromic layer and a passivation layer on one side of the electrochromic layer. The coloration level of the electrochromic film is different from the coloration level of the passivation layer. The film may change optical properties as a result of electrochromism according to an electrochemical reaction. The electrochromic film and the electrochromic device have improved electrochromism, excellent durability, excellent color-switching speed, and stepwise control of optical properties. 1. An electrochromic film , comprising:an electrochromic layer; and 'wherein the passivation layer has a coloration level different from a coloration level of the electrochromic layer.', 'a passivation layer on one side of the electrochromic layer,'}2. The electrochromic film according to claim 1 , wherein the coloration level of the passivation layer is higher than the coloration level of the electrochromic layer.3. The electrochromic film according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer comprises a reducing electrochromic material or an oxidizing electrochromic material.4. The electrochromic film according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer comprises a reducing electrochromic material and the reducing electrochromic material comprises an oxide of Ti claim 1 , Nb Mo claim 1 , Ta or W.5. The electrochromic film according to claim 1 , wherein the passivation layer comprises a metal oxynitride.6. The electrochromic film according to claim 5 , wherein the metal oxynitride comprises two or more metals selected from Ti claim 5 , Nb claim 5 , Mo claim 5 , Ta and W.7. The electrochromic film according to claim 6 , wherein the metal oxynitride comprises Mo and Ti.8. The electrochromic film according to claim 7 , wherein the metal oxynitride is represented by Formula 1:{'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'x', 'y, 'MOTiON\u2003\u2003[Formula 1 ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 60
06-07-2017 дата публикации

Electronic device

Номер: US20170190290A1
Автор: Leng-Chieh Lin, Meng-Chia Chan, Ming-Yuan Hsu, Sheng-Hsien Lin, Wei-Chieh Wang
Принадлежит: Unidisplay Inc Taiwan

An electronic device includes a first substrate, a first electrode, a second substrate, a second electrode, an electrochromic material layer, a sealant, and a light shielding pattern layer. The first electrode is disposed on the first substrate. The second electrode is disposed on the second substrate. The electrochromic material layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The sealant is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate and surrounds the electrochromic material layer. The light shielding pattern layer is disposed on the first substrate. The light shielding pattern layer shields the sealant and a little portion of the electrochromic material layer near the sealant. The first electrode disposed on the first substrate and the second electrode disposed on the second substrate are not electrically connected to each other.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 61
16-07-2015 дата публикации

Electrochromic device

Номер: US20150198856A1
Автор: Cho-Young Lee, Hye Jin Kim, Jun Sung Choi
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

Disclosed herein is an electrochromic device including an active layer in which a catalyst facilitating oxidation-reduction reaction is homogeneously dispersed. The electrochromic device includes at least one active layer to reversibly exhibit a transparent state upon hydrogenation and a reflective state upon dehydrogenation, wherein the active layer includes a catalyst to facilitate a rate of reversible conversion between the transparent state and the reflective state.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 62
06-07-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC MULTI-LAYER DEVICES WITH COMPOSITE ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE LAYERS

Номер: US20170192333A1
Автор: Bergh Howard S., Timmerman Nicolas, Ziebarth Jonathan
Принадлежит:

A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate and a first electrically conductive layer on a surface thereof, the first electrically conductive layer having a sheet resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position. 1. A multi-layer device , comprising:a first substrate comprising a surface, and; a first patterned conductive layer; and', 'a first transparent conductive material layer, wherein the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer comprises a spatially varying resistance to current flow substantially parallel to a major surface of the first patterned electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position in the first composite electrically conductive layer., 'a first patterned composite electrically conductive layer on the surface of the first substrate, the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer comprising2. The multi-layer device of claim 1 , wherein the first patterned conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide and the first transparent conductive material layer comprises doped tin oxide.3. The multi-layer device of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the resistance to current flow substantially parallel to a major surface of the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer in a first region of the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer circumscribed by a first convex polygon to the resistance to current flow substantially parallel to the major surface of the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer in a second region of the first patterned composite conductive layer circumscribed by a second convex polygon is at least 2 claim 1 , the first and second regions circumscribed by the first and second convex polygons claim 1 , respectively claim 1 , each comprising at least 25% of the major surface of the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer.4. The multi-layer device of claim 1 , ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 63
21-07-2016 дата публикации

DEFECT-MITIGATION LAYERS IN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20160209723A1
Автор: Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. (canceled)2. An electrochromic device comprising:a substrate;a first electrode layer disposed on the substrate, the first electrode layer comprising a first transparent electronically conductive material;an electrochromic stack comprising an electrochromic layer of electrochromic material, an ion conducting layer, and a counter electrode layer of counter electrode material;a second electrode layer disposed on the electrochromic stack, the second electrode layer comprising a second transparent electronically conductive material; andat least one defect-mitigating insulating layer comprising a substantially transparent material (i) interposed between the electrochromic layer and the ion conducting layer and/or (ii) interposed between the counter electrode layer and the ion conducting layer.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the defect-mitigating insulating layer comprises a metal oxide claim 2 , a metal nitride claim 2 , a metal carbide claim 2 , a metal oxynitride claim 2 , or a metal oxycarbide.4. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein the defect-mitigating ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 64
20-07-2017 дата публикации

Light control element, light control device, and method for producing light control element

Номер: US20170205681A1
Автор: Ayuko IMAI, Ken Sumiyoshi
Принадлежит: NLT Technologeies Ltd

There is provided a light control element including a transparent conductive film, a proton accumulation layer on the transparent conductive film, an inorganic electrolyte layer on the proton accumulation layer, an organic electrolyte layer on the inorganic electrolyte layer, a catalyst layer on the organic electrolyte layer, and a light control mirror layer on the catalyst layer.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 65
19-07-2018 дата публикации

Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices

Номер: US20180203320A1
Автор: Anshu A. Pradhan, Robert T. Rozbicki, Robin Friedman, Sridhar Karthik Kailasam
Принадлежит: View Inc

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 66
25-06-2020 дата публикации

FABRICATION OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20200201132A1
Автор: Friedman Robin, Gillaspie Dane Thomas, Kailasam Sridhar Karthik, Mehtani Disha, Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:(a) a transparent substrate;(b) a first transparent conductive layer disposed on the transparent substrate;(c) a titanium dioxide layer disposed on or over the first transparent conductive layer;(d) a tungsten oxide-based electrochromic layer disposed on the titanium dioxide layer;(e) a nickel oxide-based counter electrode disposed on or over the tungsten oxide-based electrochromic layer; and(f) a second transparent conductive layer disposed on or over the nickel oxide-based counter electrode.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent conductive layer contacts the transparent substrate.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the titanium dioxide layer contacts the first transparent conductive layer.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the tungsten oxide-based electrochromic layer contacts the titanium dioxide layer.5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the nickel oxide-based counter electrode contacts the tungsten oxide-based electrochromic layer.6. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 67
05-08-2021 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE CONTAINING COLOR-TUNABLE NANOSTRUCTURES

Номер: US20210240048A1
Автор: GARCIA Guillermo, Holt Jason, THOMSEN Scott
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device and method, the device including: a first transparent conductor layer; a working electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor layer and including nanostructures; a counter electrode; a solid state electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode; and a second transparent conductor layer disposed on the counter electrode. The nanostructures may include transition metal oxide nanoparticles and/or nanocrystals configured to tune the color of the device by selectively modulating the transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible radiation as a function of an applied voltage to the device. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:a first transparent conductor layer;a working electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor layer and comprising tungsten oxide nanoparticles;a counter electrode;an electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode; anda second transparent conductor layer disposed on the counter electrode, the electrochromic device has a transmitted haze of less than about 1.0%;', 'in a bright mode the electrochromic device transmits at least 50% of received visible light; and', 'in a dark mode the electrochromic device transmits 5% or less of received visible light., 'wherein2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the tungsten oxide nanoparticles comprise (WO) nanoparticles claim 1 , where 0≤x≤0.33.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the tungsten oxide nanoparticles comprise (WO) nanoparticles claim 2 , where 0≤x≤0.17.4. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein the tungsten oxide nanoparticles comprise WOnanoparticles.5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the tungsten oxide nanoparticles have an average particle size of from about 4 nm to about 6 nm.6. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the tungsten oxide nanoparticles contain a lithium dopant.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 68
03-08-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE CAPABLE OF PREVENTING DAMAGE OF ELECTRODE

Номер: US20170219902A1
Автор: AH Chil Seong, CHEON Sang Hoon, Cho Nam Sung, CHO Seong-Mok, Hwang Chi-Sun, KIM Joo Yeon, KIM Tae-Youb, KIM Yong Hae, LEE Jeong Ik, OH Ji-Young, Ryu Hojun
Принадлежит:

Provided is an electrochromic device, which may prevent a damage of an electrode and include a lower substrate and an upper substrate configured to face each other with an electrolyte layer therebetween, an upper electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the upper substrate, a lower electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the lower substrate, an upper ion reactive layer provided between the upper electrode and the electrolyte layer, and a lower protection layer provided between the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer and configured to prohibit the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer from contacting. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a lower substrate and an upper substrate configured to face each other with an electrolyte layer therebetween;an upper electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the upper substrate;a lower electrode provided between the electrolyte layer and the lower substrate;an upper ion reactive layer provided between the upper electrode and the electrolyte layer; anda lower protection layer provided between the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer and configured to prohibit the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer from contacting.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the lower protection layer comprises a porous or membrane structure through which charges are movable between the electrolyte and the lower electrode.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the lower protection claim 1 , layer comprises an inorganic material claim 1 , an organic material claim 1 , an oligomer claim 1 , or a polymer.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising at least any one of an upper butter layer and an upper protection layer provided between the upper ion reactive layer and the electrolyte layer.5. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein the upper protection layer is adjacent to the electrolyte layer and the upper buffer layer is provided between the upper ion ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 69
03-08-2017 дата публикации

THIN-FILM DEVICES AND FABRICATION

Номер: US20170219903A1
Автор: Bhatnagar Yashraj, Dixit Abhishek Anant, Martin Todd, Rozbicki Robert T., Strong Fabian
Принадлежит:

Thin-film devices, for example electrochromic devices for windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. Particular focus is given to methods of patterning optical devices. Various edge deletion and isolation scribes are performed, for example, to ensure the optical device has appropriate isolation from any edge defects. Methods described herein apply to any thin-film device having one or more material layers sandwiched between two thin film electrical conductor layers. The described methods create novel optical device configurations. 1120-. (canceled)121. An optical device comprising:a substantially transparent substrate; a first transparent conducting layer;', 'a second transparent conducting layer; and', 'one or more material layers sandwiched in between the first and second transparent conducting layers, the one or more material layers comprising at least one optically switchable material, wherein the second transparent conducting layer is co-extensive with the one or more material layers; and, 'a plurality of layers on the substantially transparent substrate, the plurality of layers comprisinga transparent vapor barrier layer over the plurality of layers, the transparent vapor barrier layer configured to resist moisture and wherein the transparent vapor barrier layer is electrically conductive.122. The optical device of claim 121 , wherein the at least one optically switchable material is an electrochromic material.123. The optical device of claim 121 , wherein the transparent vapor barrier layer is formed on the second transparent conducting layer.124. The optical device of claim 123 , wherein the transparent vapor barrier layer is coextensive with the second transparent conducting layer.125. The optical device of claim 121 , wherein the transparent vapor barrier layer comprises one or more materials from the group consisting of a silicon oxide claim 121 , a silicon aluminum oxide claim 121 , a silicon oxynitride claim 121 , an aluminum zinc oxide claim ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 70
03-08-2017 дата публикации

Electrochromic system containing a bragg reflector and method for controlling photochromic darkening

Номер: US20170219906A1
Автор: Guillermo Garcia, Jason Holt, Sourav Basu
Принадлежит: Heliotrope Technologies Inc

An electrochromic system and method for controlling photochromic darkening of an electrochromic device, the system including an EC device, a control unit, a voltage detector, and a power supply. The EC device includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, a solid-state polymer electrolyte disposed therebetween, and a Bragg reflector configured to selectively reflect UV radiation away from the working electrode. The control unit is configured to control a sweep voltage applied between the working and counter electrodes, such that the sweep voltage is applied when an open circuit voltage (OCV) between the working and counter electrodes is less than a threshold voltage.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 71
09-08-2018 дата публикации

Controlled switching for electrochromic devices

Номер: US20180224707A1
Автор: David E. Woolley, Erik Jon BJORNARD
Принадлежит: Sage Electrochromics Inc

An electrochromic device is structured to selectively switch separate regions to separate transmission levels, based at least in part upon different respective sheet resistances of separate conductive layer regions. Sheet resistance of a conductive layer region can be associated with a transmission level to which a corresponding EC stack region can be switched, and a conductive layer with separate regions having separate sheet resistances causes corresponding EC stack regions to switch to different transmission levels. Sheet resistance in a conductive layer region can be adjusted via various processes, including introducing various chemical species into the conductive layer region to adjust a chemical species distribution in the region, where the chemical species distribution is associated with the sheet resistance of the region, heating conductive layer regions to induce oxidation of the region, adjusting the thickness of a conductive layer region, etc.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 72
18-07-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROMAGNETIC-SHIELDING ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS

Номер: US20190219881A1
Автор: Brown Stephen Clark, Friedman Robin, Gillaspie Dane Thomas, Jack Gordon E., Kailasam Sridhar Karthik, Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert T., Shrivastava Dhairya
Принадлежит:

Electromagnetic-shielding, electrochromic windows comprising a first multi-layer conductor, an electrochromic stack disposed on the first multi-layer conductor, and a second multi-layer conductor, wherein the one or more multi-layer conductors with an electromagnetic shielding stack configured to be activated to block electromagnetic communication signals through the windows. 1. An electromagnetic-shielding , electrochromic window comprising:a first multi-layer conductor disposed on a transparent substrate;an electrochromic stack disposed on the first conductor; anda second multi-layer conductor,wherein one or both of the first and second multi-layer conductors comprises an electromagnetic shielding stack configured to be activated to block electromagnetic communication signals through the window,wherein the electromagnetic shielding stack comprises a first electroconductive material layer sandwiched between a first anti-reflection layer and a second anti-reflection layer.2. The electromagnetic-shielding claim 1 , electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the electroconductive material layer is a metal layer.3. The electromagnetic-shielding claim 1 , electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the first anti-reflection layer includes one of a TCO claim 1 , a DMIL claim 1 , or a material of opposing susceptibility.4. The electromagnetic-shielding claim 1 , electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the second anti-reflection layer includes one of a TCO claim 1 , a DMIL claim 1 , or a material of opposing susceptibility.5. The electromagnetic-shielding claim 1 , electrochromic window of claim 1 , further comprising a window controller in communication with the shielding stack to control activation.6. The electromagnetic-shielding claim 1 , electrochromic window of claim 1 , wherein the shielding stack receives signals from a window controller that control activation to block the electromagnetic communication signals.7. The electromagnetic-shielding claim 1 , ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 73
09-07-2020 дата публикации

Pretreatment of transparent conductive oxide (tco) thin films for improved electrical contact

Номер: US20200218124A1
Автор: Abhishek Anant Dixit, Anshu A. Pradhan, Fabian Strong, Todd Martin
Принадлежит: View Inc

Certain embodiments relate to optical devices and methods of fabricating optical devices that pre-treat a sub-layer to enable selective removal of the pre-treated sub-layer and overlying layers. Other embodiments pertain to methods of fabricating an optical device that apply a sacrificial material layer.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 74
16-08-2018 дата публикации

Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices

Номер: US20180231858A1
Автор: Anshu A. Pradhan, Robert T. Rozbicki, Robin Friedman, Sridhar Karthik Kailasam
Принадлежит: View Inc

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 75
25-08-2016 дата публикации

METHODS OF CHARGING SOLID STATE PLASMONIC ELECTROCHROMIC SMART WINDOW DEVICES

Номер: US20160246153A1
Автор: GARCIA Guillermo, Helms Brett, Holt Jason, ROSEN Evelyn
Принадлежит:

Methods of charging an electrochromic device includes post assembly charging using a sacrificial redox agent, lithium diffusion into an electrode from a lithium layer or salt bridge charging, or pre assembly charging using proton photoinjection into an electrode. 1. A method of forming an electrochromic device , comprising:providing a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the first and second electrodes are neutrally-charged;assembling a sealed electrochemical cell of the electrochromic device containing the first and second electrodes and a solid state electrolyte disposed between the first and second electrodes; andgenerating a charge in at least one of the first and second electrodes after the step of assembling.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the solid state electrolyte comprises a polymer, at least one plasticizer, and a lithium salt; andthe first electrode includes a nanostructured transition metal oxide bronze layer comprising one or more transition metal oxide and one or more dopant species.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer is selected from a group comprising poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) claim 2 , poly(vinyl butyral-co-vinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate) (PVB) claim 2 , poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) claim 2 , poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) claim 2 , poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) claim 2 , and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA).4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one plasticizer is selected from a group comprising tetraglyme claim 2 , triglyme claim 2 , diglyme claim 2 , propylene carbonate claim 2 , ethylene carbonate claim 2 , 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate claim 2 , 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate claim 2 , 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide claim 2 , 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide claim 2 , etc.) claim 2 , and N claim 2 ,N-dimethylacetamide.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 76
23-07-2020 дата публикации

FABRICATION OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20200233278A1
Автор: Kailasam Sridhar Karthik
Принадлежит: VIEW, INC.

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. (canceled)2. An electrochromic stack comprising:an electrochromic layer and a counter electrode layer; anda second layer positioned on or within the electrochromic layer or on or within the counter electrode layer, wherein the second layer exhibits a different degree of electrochromism compared to the electrochromic layer.3. The electrochromic stack of claim 2 , wherein the second layer exhibits a weaker degree of electrochromism compared to the electrochromic layer.4. The electrochromic stack of claim 2 , wherein the second layer is positioned on or within the electrochromic layer.5. The electrochromic stack of claim 4 , wherein the electrochromic layer comprises a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of: tungsten oxide claim 4 , molybdenum oxide claim 4 , niobium oxide claim 4 , titanium oxide claim 4 , vanadium oxide claim 4 , and combinations thereof6. The electrochromic stack of claim 5 , wherein the metal oxide in the electrochromic layer is doped with one or more dopants selected from the group consisting of: lithium claim 5 , sodium claim 5 , potassium claim 5 , ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 77
23-09-2021 дата публикации

Smart Window for Green Energy Smart Home and Smart Grid with Field Programmable System On Chip FPSOC of Anlinx, Milinx and Zilinx

Номер: US20210293083A1
Автор: Alfred Yu-Chi Tamg, Angela Yu-Shiu Tarng, Eric Yu-Shiao Tarng, Huang-Chang Tarng, Mei-Jech Lin, Min Ming Tarng
Принадлежит: Pdcga Professional Disclub Golf Association, tang system

The smart window for the smart home and smart grid can harvest energy and supply power to the home, grid and window itself. The smart window for the smart home and smart grid has all the Electrochromic panel, Solar panel and Multimedia panel been the same full window wide view and aligned with each other in IGU. To be a home automation system, the smart window has local/remote access/control capabilities. There are several types of smart windows working as master device or slave device. The operation of smart window automation system has three modes, normal/open mode, shut/tint mode and smart phone mode. The tube of air circulation system is hidden inside the frame surrounding IGU. Most of the electronic components are integrated to be FPSOC Field Programmable System On Chip that all the electronic component is hidden in the frame surrounding IGU, too. Therefore, the smart window doesn't have any blockage of window view with the Solar panel, Electrochromic panel, Multimedia panel and air circulation system. The smart window has the clean outlook as the conventional dual panel IGU does. The master device of the smart window system is similar to the huge screen working as a smart phone. In normal/open mode, the smart window is similar to the conventional dual panel window having the full-panel clean and clear view. For the different architectures of the smart homes, the smart window must have versatile alignments and system control that the smart window has to be implemented with the Field Programmable System On Chips of Anlinx, Milinx and Zilinx made of the W5RS advanced FPSOC chip technologies.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 78
08-08-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE INCLUDING A MEANS FOR PREVENTING ION MIGRATION AND A PROCESS OF FORMING THE SAME

Номер: US20190243205A1
Автор: ABREU Joao, BROSSARD Sophie, Giron Jean-Christophe, Leyder Charles
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device can include a substrate; an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer over the substrate and including a mobile ion; a first transparent conductive layer over the substrate and including Ag. In one embodiment, the electrochromic device can include a barrier layer disposed between first transparent conductive layer and the electrochromic or counter electrode layer. In another embodiment, the electrochromic device can include means for preventing (1) the mobile ion from migrating into the first transparent conductive layer, (2) Ag from migrating into the electrochromic layer or counter electrode layer, or both (1) and (2). A process of forming an electrochromic device can include forming an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer over a substrate; forming a barrier layer; and forming a first transparent conductive layer over the substrate. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a substrate;an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer over the substrate, wherein the electrochromic or counter electrode layer includes a mobile ion;a first transparent conductive layer over the substrate and including Ag; anda barrier layer disposed between first transparent conductive layer and the electrochromic or counter electrode layer, wherein the barrier layer prevents the mobile ion from migrating into the first transparent conductive layer and Ag from migrating into the electrochromic layer or counter electrode layer.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer is conformal.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the barrier layer has a thickness of in a range of 5 nm to 200 nm.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer includes a metal nitride.5. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer includes AN.6. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer includes TiN.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer is ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 79
30-07-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE CONTAINING COLOR-TUNABLE NANOSTRUCTURES

Номер: US20200241376A1
Автор: GARCIA Guillermo, Holt Jason, THOMSEN Scott
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device and method, the device including: a first transparent conductor layer; a working electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor layer and including nanostructures; a counter electrode; a solid state electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode; and a second transparent conductor layer disposed on the counter electrode. The nanostructures may include transition metal oxide nanoparticles and/or nanocrystals configured to tune the color of the device by selectively modulating the transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible radiation as a function of an applied voltage to the device. 135-. (canceled)36. An electrochromic device , comprising:a first transparent conductor layer;a working electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor layer and comprising tungsten oxide nanoparticles having a cubic crystal lattice structure and a niobium and oxygen containing material;a counter electrode;an electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode; anda second transparent conductor layer disposed on the counter electrode.37. The electrochromic device of claim 36 , wherein the tungsten oxide nanoparticles comprise (WO) nanoparticles claim 36 , where 0≤x≤0.33.38. The electrochromic device of claim 37 , wherein the tungsten oxide nanoparticles comprise (WO) nanoparticles claim 37 , where 0≤x≤0.17.39. The electrochromic device of claim 38 , wherein the tungsten oxide nanoparticles comprise WOnanoparticles.40. The electrochromic device of claim 36 , wherein the tungsten oxide nanoparticles have an average particle size of from about 4 nm to about 6 nm.41. The electrochromic device of claim 36 , wherein the niobium and oxygen containing material comprises a niobium oxide containing material.42. The electrochromic device of claim 36 , further comprising a protective layer configured to reduce degradation of the nanostructured layer due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.43. The ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 80
07-09-2017 дата публикации

Counter electrode for electrochromic devices

Номер: US20170255076A1
Автор: Anshu A. Pradhan, Dane Gillaspie, Sridhar K. Kailasam
Принадлежит: View Inc

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel-tungsten-tin-oxide (NiWSnO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 81
06-08-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC MULTI-LAYER DEVICES WITH COMPOSITE CURRENT MODULATING STRUCTURE

Номер: US20200249537A1
Автор: Bergh Howard S., Timmerman Nicolas, Ziebarth Jonathan
Принадлежит:

A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer and a first current modulating structure on a surface thereof, the first current modulating structure comprising a composite of a resistive material and a patterned insulating material, the first current modulating structure having a cross-layer resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first current modulating structure that varies as a function of position. 1. A multi-layer device , comprising:a first substrate comprising a surface, and; a first patterned conductive layer; and', 'a first transparent conductive material layer, wherein the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer comprises a spatially varying resistance to current flow substantially parallel to a major surface of the first patterned electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position in the first composite electrically conductive layer., 'a first patterned composite electrically conductive layer on the surface of the first substrate, the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer comprising2. The multi-layer device of claim 1 , wherein the first patterned conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide and the first transparent conductive material layer comprises doped tin oxide.3. The multi-layer device of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the resistance to current flow substantially parallel to a major surface of the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer in a first region of the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer circumscribed by a first convex polygon to the resistance to current flow substantially parallel to the major surface of the first patterned composite electrically conductive layer in a second region of the first patterned composite conductive layer circumscribed by a second convex polygon is at least 2 claim 1 , the first and second regions circumscribed by the first and second convex polygons claim 1 , ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 82
27-09-2018 дата публикации

ARTICLE OF FOOTWEAR WITH COLOR CHANGE PORTION AND METHOD OF CHANGING COLOR

Номер: US20180271205A1
Автор: Donovan Sharna M., Hartford Sean D., Malhotra Vikram, Mishler Michelle L., Molyneux James, Owings Andrew A., Weast Aaron B., Wilkins Bradley W.
Принадлежит: Nike, Inc.

An article with a color change portion and a method of changing color. The article includes at least one color change portion capable of changing colors. The color change portion includes composite material including a photonic lattice. The color change portion can change colors according to one or more performance parameters. The article can be connected to a computer and the color change portion can be controlled using the computer 120-. (canceled)21. An article comprising:a color change portion including a photonic lattice having a surface opposing a user and operable to reflect infrared radiation in a direction back toward the user, the photonic lattice operable to receive an electrical signal to change a color of the color change portion.22. The article of claim 21 , wherein the article is one of an article of clothing claim 21 , an article of footwear claim 21 , or an article of equipment.23. The article of claim 21 , wherein the article is an article of clothing claim 21 , the color change portion being attached to an interior surface of the article of clothing.24. The article of claim 21 , wherein the photonic lattice is a component of a composite material.25. The article of claim 24 , wherein the composite material includes a first conductive layer electrically connected to a first terminal and a second conductive layer electrically connected to a second terminal.26. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are disposed on opposite sides of the photonic lattice.27. The article of claim 25 , wherein the photonic lattice is printed on one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.28. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first terminal and the second terminal are in electrical communication with at least one of a control unit and a power source operable to change a color of the color change portion by changing dimensions of the photonic lattice.29. The article of claim 25 , further ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 83
18-12-2014 дата публикации

Glass laminated articles and layered articles

Номер: US20140370257A1
Автор: David Francis Dawson-Elli, Laura Lee Hluck, Steven Edward DeMartino
Принадлежит: Corning Inc

Laminated articles and layered articles, for example, low alkali glass laminated articles and layered articles useful for, for example, electrochromic devices are described.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 84
20-08-2020 дата публикации

PARTICLE REMOVAL DURING FABRICATION OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20200264487A1
Автор: Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Electrochromic devices are fabricated using a particle removal operation that reduces the occurrence of electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, the particle removal operation is not a lithiation operation. In some embodiments, the particle removal operation is performed at an intermediate stage during the deposition of either an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer. 1. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device , the method comprising:providing a substrate having a first transparent electronically conductive layer comprising a first transparent electronically conductive material; forming an electrochromic layer comprising an electrochromic material; and', 'forming a counter electrode layer comprising a counter electrode material;, 'forming an electrochromic stack over the substrate having the first transparent electronically conductive layer, wherein forming the stack comprisesforming a second transparent electronically conductive layer over the electrochromic stack, the second transparent electronically conductive layer comprising a second transparent electronically conductive material, whereby the first and second transparent electronically conductive layers sandwich the electrochromic stack; andperforming a particle-removal operation to reduce the number of defects in the formed electrochromic device, wherein the particle-removal operation is performed at any time before both the electrochromic layer and the counter electrode layer are fully-formed.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the particle removal operation reduces the number of visible short-related pinhole in the formed electrochromic device.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the first transparent electronically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of fluorinated tin oxide and indium-doped tin oxide; andthe ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 85
23-12-2021 дата публикации

THIN-FILM DEVICES AND FABRICATION

Номер: US20210394489A1
Автор: Bhatnagar Yashraj, Dixit Abhishek Anant, Martin Todd, Rozbicki Robert T., Strong Fabian
Принадлежит: VIEW, INC.

Thin-film devices, for example electrochromic devices for windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. Particular focus is given to methods of patterning optical devices. Various edge deletion and isolation scribes are performed, for example, to ensure the optical device has appropriate isolation from any edge defects. Methods described herein apply to any thin-film device having one or more material layers sandwiched between two thin film electrical conductor layers. The described methods create novel optical device configurations. 1120-. (canceled)121. A method of cutting an optical device laminate , the method comprising:receiving the optical device laminate comprising a first substrate with an optical device coating and a second substrate laminated to the first substrate; andcutting, using a laser, the optical device laminate into one or more optical device lites.122. The method of claim 121 , wherein laser radiation from the laser is provided from a first side of the optical device laminate opposite a second side upon which the optical device is disposed.123. The method of claim 121 , wherein the optical device coating comprises one or more material layers including at least one conductive layer.124. The method of claim 121 , further comprising forming one or more bus bars on the at least one conductive layer.125. The method of claim 121 , wherein the optical device laminate is cut in direction perpendicular to a direction of movement of the optical device laminate.126. The method of claim 121 , wherein the second substrate is an annealed glass substrate or a polymeric substrate.127. The method of claim 121 , wherein the first substrate and/or the second substrate is a glass substrate.128. The method of claim 121 , wherein the first substrate and/or the second substrate comprises a flexible substrate having a thickness of (i) less than 0.3 mm claim 121 , (ii) less than 0.2 mm claim 121 , (iii) or less than 0.1 mm.129. The method of claim 121 , wherein ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 86
03-09-2020 дата публикации

COUNTER ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20200278588A1
Автор: Gillaspie Dane, Kailasam Sridhar K., Pradhan Anshu A.
Принадлежит:

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel-tungsten-tin-oxide (NiWSnO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state. 1. A method of fabricating an electrochromic stack , the method comprising:forming a cathodically coloring layer comprising a cathodically coloring electrochromic material; andforming an anodically coloring layer comprising nickel-tungsten-tin-oxide (NiWSnO).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the NiWSnO comprises an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Sn) that is between about 1:1 and 4:1.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the NiWSnO comprises an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Sn) that is between about 1:1 and 3:1.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the NiWSnO comprises an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Sn) that is between about 2:1 and 3:1.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the NiWSnO comprises an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Sn) that is between about 1.5:1 and 2.5:1.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the NiWSnO comprises an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Sn) that is between about 2:1 and 2.5:1.7. The method of any one of - claim 5 , wherein the NiWSnO comprises an atomic ratio of W:Sn that is between about 1:9 and 9:1.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the NiWSnO comprises an atomic ratio of W:Sn that is between about 1:1 and 3:1.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the NiWSnO comprises an atomic ratio of W:Sn that is between about 1.5:1 and 2.5:1.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the NiWSnO comprises an atomic ratio of W:Sn that is between about 1.5:1 and 2:1.11. The method of any one of - claim 9 , wherein forming the anodically coloring layer comprises sputtering one or more sputter targets to form the NiWSnO.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least one of the one or more of the sputter targets comprise an elemental metal ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 87
19-10-2017 дата публикации

REARVIEW ASSEMBLY

Номер: US20170297495A1
Автор: Barksdale Brian J., JR. Danny L., JR. Eric S., Lundy, Minikey, Roth Mark R., Stray Joel A., Tonar William L., Van Huis Christopher J., VanAst Michael J.
Принадлежит: GENTEX CORPORATION

A rearview assembly having an electrochromic element. A front substrate defines a first surface and a second surface. A front side edge is disposed between the first surface and the second surface. A rear substrate is operably coupled with the front substrate and spaced a predetermined distance therefrom. The rear substrate defines a third surface and a fourth surface. A rear side edge is disposed between the third surface and the fourth surface. A perimeter of the rear substrate is larger than a perimeter of the front substrate, such that an outer portion of the third surface is exposed, thereby defining a peripheral step between the front side edge and the rear side edge. An electrochromic material is disposed between the front substrate and the rear substrate. A bezel is configured to extend around the rear substrate, over the outer portion of the third surface. 1. A rearview assembly comprising: a front substrate defining a first surface and a second surface and a front side edge disposed between the first surface and the second surface, wherein a first area defined by the first surface is smaller than a second area defined by the second surface;', 'a rear substrate operably coupled with the front substrate and spaced a predetermined distance therefrom, the rear substrate defining a third surface and a fourth surface and a rear side edge disposed between the third surface and the fourth surface; and', 'an electro-optic material disposed between the front substrate and the rear substrate;, 'an electro-optic element includinga housing defining an interior space that is free of a wire harness assembly and which includes a plug removably coupled with a rear portion of the housing; anda pivot ball operably coupled to the rear portion of the housing and configured to receive a vehicle wire harness that engages the plug.2. The rearview assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plug is nested into an internal bracket removably coupled with the rear portion of the housing.3. The ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 88
19-10-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE INCLUDING A TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE OXIDE LAYER AND A BUS BAR AND A PROCESS OF FORMING THE SAME

Номер: US20170299934A1
Автор: BROSSARD Sophie
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device can include a substrate, a transparent conductive oxide layer over the substrate, and a bus bar over the substrate. The bus bar can include silver and has a resistivity of at most 6.7×10Ω*cm, an average adhesion strength to SiOof at least 3N based on 20 measurements, as determined by Method A of ASTM B905-00 (Reapproved 2010), or a classification of at least 4, as determined by Method B of ASTM B905-00 (Reapproved 2010). In another aspect a process of forming an electrochromic device can include forming a transparent conductive oxide layer over a substrate; forming a bus bar precursor over the substrate, wherein the precursor includes silver; and firing the precursor to form a bus bar. Firing can be performed such that the first bus bar is at a temperature of at least 390° C. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a substrate;a first transparent conductive oxide layer over the substrate; and [{'sup': '−6', 'a resistivity of at most 8.0×10Ω*cm;'}, {'sub': '2', 'an average adhesion strength to SiOof at least 3N based on 20 measurements, as determined by Method A of ASTM B905-00 (Reapproved 2010);'}, {'sub': '2', 'an average adhesion strength to SiOof at least 3 based on 20 measurements, as determined by Method B of ASTM B905-00 (Reapproved 2010); or'}, 'a combination thereof., 'a first bus bar over the substrate, wherein the first bus bar includes silver and has2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising an oxidation-resistant layer (1) between the substrate and the first transparent conductive oxide layer or (2) over the first transparent conductive oxide layer.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the oxidation-resistant layer comprises silicon nitride claim 2 , aluminum nitride claim 2 , titanium nitride claim 2 , tungsten nitride claim 2 , tantalum nitride claim 2 , titanium silicon nitride claim 2 , tungsten silicon nitride claim 2 , or tantalum silicon nitride.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 89
18-10-2018 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Номер: US20180299740A1
Автор: GOTO Shun, Kim Sukchan, Matsumoto Takahiko, OHSHIMA Atsushi, TAKEUCHI Kohji, Yaginuma Hidekazu, YASHIRO Tohru, YUTANI Keiichiroh
Принадлежит:

Provided is an electrochromic device including an electrochromic element including a protrusion on a periphery of the electrochromic element, and a frame holding the electrochromic element, wherein the protrusion includes an electrode pad, and the frame includes a connecting member configured to electrically connect to the electrode pad. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:an electrochromic element including a protrusion on a periphery of the electrochromic element; anda frame holding the electrochromic element,wherein the protrusion includes an electrode pad, andthe frame includes a connecting member configured to electrically connect to the electrode pad.2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 ,wherein the electrochromic element includes a first substrate, a first electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an insulating inorganic-particle layer, a second electrode layer, and a second substrate in the order as mentioned, andan electrolyte is disposed between first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.3. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 ,wherein the electrochromic element includes a first substrate, a first electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an insulating porous layer, a second electrode layer having through holes, and a deterioration prevention layer in the order as mentioned, and an electrolyte is disposed between the first electrode layer and the deterioration prevention layer.4. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 ,wherein the connecting member is an elastic material that can press against the electrode pad.5. The electrochromic device according to claim 4 ,wherein the elastic material is a flat spring.6. The electrochromic device according to claim 2 ,wherein an edge of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer is electrically connected to the electrode pad with a conductive adhesive.7. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 ,wherein the electrode pad is a metal foil.8. The ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 90
19-11-2015 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY ELEMENT, DISPLAY DEVICE, INFORMATION SYSTEM, AND ELECTROCHROMIC DIMMING LENS

Номер: US20150331295A1
Автор: Fujimura Koh, Goto Daisuke, Hirano Shigenobu, HORIUCHI Tamotsu, Inoue Mamiko, Kim Sukchan, Naijo Yoshihisa, Okada Yoshinori, Sagisaka Toshiya, Takahashi Hiroyuki, Tsuji Kazuaki, YAMAMOTO Satoshi, YASHIRO Tohru, YUTANI Keiichiroh
Принадлежит: RICOH COMPANY, LTD.

To provide an electrochromic display element, which contains: a display substrate; a display electrode; an electrochromic layer provided in contact with the display electrode; a counter substrate provided to face the display substrate; a counter electrode; a charge retention layer provided in contact with the counter electrode; and an electrolyte layer filling between the display substrate and the counter substrate, wherein the electrochromic layer contains titanium oxide particles, and metal hydroxide is dispersed on surfaces and in inner parts of the titanium oxide particles.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 91
09-11-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE INCLUDING A MEANS FOR PREVENTING ION MIGRATION AND A PROCESS OF FORMING THE SAME

Номер: US20170322473A1
Автор: ABREU Joao, BROSSARD Sophie, Giron Jean-Christophe, Leyder Charles
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device can include a substrate; an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer over the substrate and including a mobile ion; a first transparent conductive layer over the substrate and including Ag. In one embodiment, the electrochromic device can include a barrier layer disposed between first transparent conductive layer and the electrochromic or counter electrode layer. In another embodiment, the electrochromic device can include means for preventing (1) the mobile ion from migrating into the first transparent conductive layer, (2) Ag from migrating into the electrochromic layer or counter electrode layer, or both (1) and (2). A process of forming an electrochromic device can include forming an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer over a substrate; forming a barrier layer; and forming a first transparent conductive layer over the substrate. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a substrate;an electrochromic layer or a counter electrode layer over the substrate, wherein the electrochromic or counter electrode layer includes a mobile ion;a first transparent conductive layer over the substrate and including Ag; anda barrier layer disposed between first transparent conductive layer and the electrochromic or counter electrode layer.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer is conformal.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the barrier layer has a thickness of in a range of 5 nm to 200 nm.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer includes a metal oxide.5. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer includes AlO.6. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein the barrier layer includes TiO.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer is spaced apart from the Ag within the first transparent conductive layer.8. The electrochromic device of claim 7 , further comprising a first transparent conductive oxide between the Ag and the ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 92
16-11-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Номер: US20170329199A1
Автор: Goto Daisuke, Okada Yoshinori, Sagisaka Toshiya, Shinoda Masato, Takauji Keigo, YAMAMOTO Satoshi, YASHIRO Tohru
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device is provided including a first substrate, a first electrode on the first substrate, a second substrate, a second electrode on the second substrate facing the first electrode, an electrochromic layer in contact with the first electrode, an anti-deterioration layer in contact with the second electrode facing the first electrode, and an electrolyte layer in contact with both the electrochromic layer and the anti-deterioration layer. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode includes InO, and has an infrared light transmittance of 70% or more at a wavelength of 1,500 nm. The electrochromic layer includes a triarylamine-containing radical polymerizable compound represented by a specific formula. 2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when a redox reaction occurs in the electrochromic layer claim 1 , the electrochromic device transits from a transparent state in which a light transmittance within a wavelength range of from 450 to 1 claim 1 ,000 nm is 60% or more to another state in which a light transmittance within a wavelength range of from 750 nm to 1 claim 1 ,000 nm is smaller than that in the transparent state.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 ,{'sub': 2', '3, 'wherein the at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is formed with a sputtering target including the indium oxide represented by InO,'}wherein, when the at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is subjected to an X-ray diffraction measurement, no (440) plane peak is detected at around 2θ≃52 (degrees), or an intensity ratio of a (440) plane peak detected at around 2θ≃52 (degrees) to a main (222) plane peak detected at around 2θ≃32 (degrees) is less than 0.14.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein a content rate of the indium oxide represented by InOin the oxide material is 95% by mass or more.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the anti-deterioration layer and the electrolyte ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 93
24-10-2019 дата публикации

COLOR-CHANGEABLE ALLOY WHEEL FOR VEHICLE

Номер: US20190322129A1
Автор: Lee Seon-Yong
Принадлежит:

A color-changeable alloy wheel of a vehicle has an electrochromic paint deposited on the alloy wheel, so that a color of the alloy wheel changes according to a rotational speed thereof. The color-changeable alloy wheel includes: the electrochromic paint deposited on an outer side surface of the alloy wheel, and a current supplied from a battery of the vehicle to the alloy wheel when the rotational speed of the alloy wheel is higher than a predetermined speed, in order to change the color of the alloy wheel. 1. A color-changeable alloy wheel of a vehicle , comprising:an electrochromic paint deposited on an outer side surface of the alloy wheel, anda current supplied from a battery of the vehicle to the alloy wheel when a rotational speed of the alloy wheel is higher than a predetermined speed, to change a color of the alloy wheel.2. The color-changeable alloy wheel of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic paint deposited on the alloy wheel is formed by sequentially stacking an ion storage layer claim 1 , an electrolyte claim 1 , an oxidation/reduction color-changeable material claim 1 , a transparent electrode claim 1 , and a clear coat.3. The color-changeable alloy wheel of claim 1 , wherein the alloy wheel has a protruding wall portion formed on an inner diameter surface thereof and protruding in a direction perpendicular to the inner diameter surface claim 1 , and a power switch configured to supply power to the alloy wheel is fastened to the protruding wall portion.4. The color-changeable alloy wheel of claim 3 , wherein the power switch comprises:a housing having a spring hole formed in a central portion of an upper surface thereof;a spring passing through the spring hole in an axial direction;a centrifugal force-acting part connected to an end portion of the spring placed outside the housing; anda switch part configured to be turned on/off by the spring to apply the power to a current supply part.5. The color-changeable alloy wheel of claim 4 , wherein the ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 94
23-11-2017 дата публикации

RESISTIVE COATING FOR VOLTAGE UNIFORMITY

Номер: US20170336693A1
Автор: Anderson John S., Franz Sue F., Luten Henry A., Stephenson Michael T.
Принадлежит:

An electrode for an electrochromic device includes a resistive layer disposed over a conductive layer. The resistive layer is disposed between the conductive layer and an electrochromic material in the electrochromic device. The electrode reduces non-uniform response of the electrochromic material when the electrochromic device is in operation. 1. An electrode assembly for an electrochromic device , comprising:a substrate;a conductive layer disposed over the substrate; anda resistive layer disposed over the conductive layer,wherein the substrate, the conductive layer, and the resistive layer is substantially transparent.2. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , further comprising an additional conductive layer disposed over the resistive layer claim 1 , wherein the additional conductive layer is substantially transparent.3. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide.4. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the resistive layer comprises oxidized titanium disilicide.5. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the resistive layer has a resistance of about 1 claim 1 ,000 Ω/square to about 10 claim 1 ,000 Ω/square.6. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a glass material or a polymer material.7. An electrochromic device claim 1 , comprising:a first substrate;a first conductive layer disposed over the first substrate;a first resistive layer disposed over the first conductive layer;an electrochromic material;a second substrate;a second conductive layer disposed over the second substrate; anda second resistive layer disposed over the second conductive layer,wherein the first resistive layer is disposed between the first conductive layer and the electrochromic material, and the second resistive layer is disposed between the second conductive layer and the electrochromic material.8. The electrochromic device of claim 7 , further comprising at least one seal configured to prevent the ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 95
23-11-2017 дата публикации

DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20170338433A1
Автор: ISHII Yoshinori, SUZUMURA Isao, Watabe Kazufumi
Принадлежит:

An organic EL display device has a TFT formed on the substrate, and an organic EL layer formed on the TFT. A protective layer is formed on the organic EL layer, and a first bather layer which contains AlOx is formed between the substrate and the TFT. 1. An organic EL display device having a TFT formed on a substrate , and an organic EL layer formed on the TFT , wherein:a protective layer is formed on the organic EL layer; anda first barrier layer which contains AlOx is formed between the substrate and the TFT.2. The organic EL display device according to claim 1 , wherein a second barrier layer which contains AlOx is formed between the TFT and the organic El layer.3. The organic EL display device according to claim 1 , wherein a third barrier layer which contains AlOx is formed between the organic EL layer and the protective layer.4. The organic EL display device according to claim 1 , wherein the first bather layer claim 1 , the second barrier layer claim 1 , or the third bather layer is formed into a laminated structure of a first AlOx and a second AlOx.5. The organic EL display device according to claim 4 , wherein the first AlOx has a density larger than the density of the second AlOx.6. The organic EL display device according to claim 4 , wherein the first AlOx has a refractive index larger than the refractive index of the second AlOx.7. The organic EL display device according to claim 4 , wherein the number of layers which constitute the laminated structure is an odd number.8. The organic EL display device according to claim 1 , wherein the first barrier layer or the second barrier layer is formed into a laminated structure of AlOx and Al.9. The organic EL display device according to claim 8 , wherein the number of layers which constitute the laminated structure is an odd number.10. The organic EL display device according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is formed as a polyimide substrate.11. A liquid crystal display device having a TFT and a pixel electrode ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 96
31-10-2019 дата публикации

Fabrication of electrochromic devices

Номер: US20190331977A1
Автор: Anshu A. Pradhan, Dane Thomas GILLASPIE, Disha Mehtani, Robert T. Rozbicki, Robin Friedman, Sridhar Karthik Kailasam
Принадлежит: View Inc

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10 8 Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 97
17-12-2015 дата публикации

CONTROLLED SWITCHING FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20150362819A1
Автор: Bjornard Erik Jon, Woolley David E.
Принадлежит: SAGE ELECTROCHROMICS, INC.

An electrochromic device is structured to selectively switch separate regions to separate transmission levels, based at least in part upon different respective sheet resistances of separate conductive layer regions. Sheet resistance of a conductive layer region can be associated with a transmission level to which a corresponding EC stack region can be switched, and a conductive layer with separate regions having separate sheet resistances causes corresponding EC stack regions to switch to different transmission levels. Sheet resistance in a conductive layer region can be adjusted via various processes, including introducing various chemical species into the conductive layer region to adjust a chemical species distribution in the region, where the chemical species distribution is associated with the sheet resistance of the region, heating conductive layer regions to induce oxidation of the region, adjusting the thickness of a conductive layer region, etc. 1. An apparatus , comprising:an electrochromic device comprising at least two separate conductive layers, on opposite sides of an electrochromic (EC) stack;wherein the electrochromic device is structured to selectively switch each of at least two separate EC regions of the EC stack to at least one of at least two different transmission levels, based at least in part upon different respective sheet resistances in corresponding at least two separate conductive layer regions of at least one of the at least two separate conductive layers.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the electrochromic device is structured to selectively switch each of the at least two separate EC regions of the EC stack to at least one of at least two different transmission levels to selectively switch the EC stack between at least two separate transmission patterns.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:the electrochromic device comprises a short of the EC stack; andthe at least two separate EC regions of the EC stack comprises a plurality of ...

Подробнее
Номер записи: 98
14-12-2017 дата публикации

Electrochemical devices with plastic substrates

Номер: US20170357136A1
Автор: Garret DENOLF, Gary J. Dozeman, Kelvin L. Baumann, Leroy J. Kloeppner, Mario F. Saenger Nayver, William L. Tonar, Zachary J. Petroelje
Принадлежит: Gentex Corp

An electrochromic device includes a flexible plastic substrate including a front surface, and a rear surface, wherein the rear surface comprises a first conductive material; and a rigid plastic substrate including a front surface, and a rear surface, wherein the front surface comprises a second conductive material, wherein the first substrate is joined to the second substrate by a sealing member, wherein the rear surface of the first substrate and the front surface of the second substrate with the sealing member define a chamber therebetween.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 99
14-11-2019 дата публикации

Electrochromic cell

Номер: US20190346730A1
Автор: Florian Pivit, Rose Kopf, Senad Bulja, Wolfgang Templ
Принадлежит: NOKIA SOLUTIONS AND NETWORKS OY

An electrochromic (EC) cell having improved dielectric tunability and lower dielectric losses is disclosed. A multi-layer structure includes at least one electrochromic layer of a transition metal oxide between electrode layers. Two electrolyte layers are located on either side of the at least one electrochromic layer and next to the electrode layers. An ion storage film layer of a transition metal oxide may be provided between the electrochromic layer and one of the electrolyte layers. This structure prevents the shortening of the channel height when a voltage is applied therefore reducing dielectric losses.

Подробнее
Номер записи: 100