Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming method, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge for image forming apparatus using the photoreceptor

An electrophotographic photoreceptor, including an electroconductive substrate; a charge generation layer; a hole transport layer; and a hole transportable protection layer being a three-dimensional crosslinked film formed by irradiating at least a radical polymerizable hole transportable compound with UV to be chain-polymerized, layered in this order, wherein the hole transportable protection layer comprises a silole compound having the following formula (1): wherein each of R 1 and R 2 represents a monovalent alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a monovalent phenyl group; Each of Ar1 to Ar4 represents a phenyl group, a naphtyl group and a biphenylyl group or a phenyl group, a naphtyl group and a biphenylyl group substituted with a monovalent alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a trifluoromethyl group; and R 1 , R 2 and Ar 1 to Ar 4 adjacent to each other optionally connect with each other to form rings.

Charge transport film, organic electronic device, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

Provided is a charge transport film including an enethiol resin having a charge transporting skeleton, and having a sulfur atom content of from 2.0% by mass to 15% by mass.

Method of producing gallium phthalocyanine crystal and method of producing electrophotographic photosensitive member using the method of producing gallium phthalocyanine crystal

Provided is a method of producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having improved sensitivity and capable of outputting an image having less image defects due to a ghost phenomenon not only under a normal-temperature, normal-humidity environment but also under a low-temperature, low-humidity environment as a particularly severe condition. The method of producing a gallium phthalocyanine crystal includes subjecting a gallium phthalocyanine and a specific amine compound, which are added to a solvent, to a milling treatment to perform crystal transformation of the gallium phthalocyanine. In addition, the gallium phthalocyanine crystal is used in the photosensitive layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including: a support; and a photosensitive layer, which is provided on the support, in which: a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a terminal siloxane-containing polyester resin having a specific structure; and a lower layer provided in contact with the surface layer includes a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, or a polyvinyl acetal resin, having a specific structure.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support, and an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer, and a charge transport layer that are provided in this order on the conductive support, wherein the undercoat layer includes at least metallic oxide particles, a reactive acceptor substance including an anthraquinone structure expressed by the following Formula 1, and a binder resin, the charge generation layer includes hydroxygallium phthalocyanine as a charge generation material, and a reflectance of incident light having a wavelength of 780 nm on a surface of the charge generation layer when the charge transport layer is removed is 17% or greater: wherein the anthraquinone structure expressed by Formula 1 is bonded to another structure at a position of *, and thus forms the reactive acceptor substance, and in Formula 1, n1 represents an integer of 1 to 7.

Electrophotographic photoconductor and method for producing same

Provided are an electrophotographic photoconductor that satisfies sufficient wear resistance as well as various characteristics as a photoconductor, and that is little affected by harmful gas or the temperature and humidity environment, and a method for producing such an electrophotographic photoconductor. The electrophotographic photoconductor has at least a photosensitive layer on a conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer contains a diadamantyl diester compound represented by Formula (I) (in Formula (I), R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkoxyl group, a C6-C20 aryl group or a heterocyclic group; l, m and n each represent an integer from 1 to 4; U and W represent a single bond or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C6 alkylene group; and V represents an OCO group or a COO group).

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR CARTRIDGE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

The present invention aims to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor excellent in abrasion resistance and electrical properties, which uses polymers excellent in surface-active functions such as fluororesin dispersibility and electrical properties, and relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which contains a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (A1), provided that the definitions of X, X, Rto Rin Formula (A1), and Rin Formula (A2) are shown in the specification 3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of Xand Xin the Formula (A1) is a group represented by the Formula (A2).4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polymer is 10 claim 1 ,000 to 200 claim 1 ,000.5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the weight average molecular weight of the repeating unit represented by the Formula (A1) is 2 claim 1 ,000 to 20 claim 1 ,000.6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein Rf in the Formula (A3) is a linear perfluoroalkyl group having 4 to 6 carbon atoms.7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the repeating unit represented by the Formula (A1) is 1% by mass to 80% by mass based on the entire polymer.8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to comprising fluororesin particles.9. An electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge comprising: the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , and at least one device selected from the group consisting of a charging device which charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor claim 1 , an exposure device which exposes the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image claim 1 , and a developing device which develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor.10. An image ...

IMAGE FORMING METHOD, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND PROCESS CARTRIDGE

An image forming method includes forming an image with a toner using a photoconductor in which an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer are formed overlying an electroconductive substrate, wherein the ionization potential of the surface of the photoconductor and the ionization potential of the surface of the toner satisfy the following relations 1 and 2, 1. An image forming method comprising:forming an image with a toner using a photoconductor in which an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer including a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer are formed overlying an electroconductive substrate,wherein the toner comprises a releasing agent having a melting point of from 50 to 120 degrees C., [{'br': None, 'i': Ip', 'Ip, '|(the surface of the photoconductor)−(the surface of the toner)|≤5.53 (eV)\u2003\u2003 Relation 1'}, {'br': None, 'i': 'Ip', '5.45 (eV)≤(the surface of the photoconductor)≤5.53 (eV)\u2003\u2003 Relation 2'}], 'wherein an ionization potential of a surface of the photoconductor and an ionization potential of a surface of the toner satisfy the following relations 1 and 2,'}where Ip (the surface of the photoconductor) represents the ionization potential of the surface of the photoconductor and Ip (the surface of the toner) represents the ionization potential of the surface of the toner.2. The image forming method according to claim 1 , wherein when the surface of the photoconductor is irradiated with homogeneous light in an ultraviolet range and a graph of a cubic root of all electron yield of emitted photoelectrons as a function of an incident light energy is created claim 1 , the photoconductor has a gradient of a base line as an approximate straight line on a side of a low energy of 0 or less of approximate straight lines of the cubic root of all the electron yield to the incident light energy in a vicinity of a threshold identified as the ionization ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOCONDUCTOR, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND PROCESS CARTRIDGE

Provided is an electrophotographic photoconductor including: a conductive support; an undercoat layer; and a photoconductive layer, wherein the undercoat layer and the photoconductive layer are provided over the conductive support in the order of reciting, wherein the undercoat layer contains at least metal oxide particles, a binder, and a salicylic acid derivative such as 4-methylsalicylic acid, wherein the metal oxide particles have a volume resistivity of 1×10Ω·cm or higher but 1×10Ω·cm or lower, wherein the undercoat layer has a volume resistivity of 0.001×10Ω·cm or higher but 0.02×10Ω·cm or lower, and wherein the undercoat layer has a thickness of 2 micrometers or greater but 20 micrometers or less. 2. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particles comprise zinc oxide particles.3. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particles have an average primary particle diameter of 50 nm or greater but 200 nm or less.4. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein one or both of Xand Xin the salicylic acid derivative represented by general formula (1) is/are a hydrogen atom claim 1 , an alkyl group that comprises 4 or more carbon atoms claim 1 , an alkoxy group that comprises 4 or more carbon atoms claim 1 , or an aralkyl group that comprises 4 or more carbon atoms.5. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particles comprise zinc oxide particles doped with a Group XIII element.6. An image forming apparatus comprising:an electrophotographic photoconductor;a charging unit configured to charge a surface of the electrophotographic photoconductor;an exposing unit configured to expose the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoconductor to light to form an electrostatic latent image;a developing unit configured to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a visible image; anda ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, METHOD OF PRODUCING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, AND APPARATUS OF FORMING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC IMAGE

Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive support, a photosensitive layer, and a surface protective layer disposed in sequence. The surface protective layer includes a cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable compound, a charge transporting material, and at least two polymerization initiators. The polymerization initiators include an acyl phosphine oxide and an O-acyl oxime. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support , a photosensitive layer , and a surface protective layer disposed in sequence , whereinthe surface protective layer comprises a cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable compound, a charge transporting material, and at least two polymerization initiators; andthe polymerization initiators comprise an acyl phosphine oxide and an O-acyl oxime.3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when amounts of the acyl phosphine oxide and the O-acyl oxime are respectively expressed as A and B claim 1 , a ratio A:B is within a range of 3:7 to 8:2.4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the charge transporting material exhibits a maximum absorption wavelength of 405±50 nm in an absorption spectrum.5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the surface protective layer contains metal oxide particles.6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 5 , wherein the metal oxide particles have a reactive organic group.7. A method of producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support claim 5 , a photosensitive layer claim 5 , and a surface protective layer disposed in sequence claim 5 , the method comprising forming the surface protective layer by curing a composition containing a polymerizable compound claim 5 , a charge transporting material claim 5 , and at least two polymerization initiators claim 5 , wherein the polymerization initiators ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR FOR POSITIVE CHARGING, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor for positive charging, the photoreceptor comprising: a conductive support; and a single-layer type photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive support, the single-layer type photosensitive layer containing a binder resin, a compound (1) having hole transporting ability, and a compound (2) having electron-transporting ability, wherein the level Ah of a compound having a highest energy level of HOMO in the compound (1), the level BI of a compound having a lowest energy level of LUMO in the compound (2), and an energy level Ch of HOMO of another compound C which has a molecular weight of 500 or less and is contained in the photosensitive layer satisfy specific equations. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor for positive charging , the photoreceptor comprising:a conductive support; anda single-layer type photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive support, the single-layer type photosensitive layer at least containing a binder resin, a compound having hole transporting ability, and a compound having electron-transporting ability,wherein the binder resin contains a polyarylate resin, and designating a compound having hole transporting ability with a highest energy level of HOMO in the compound having hole transporting ability as a compound A, and setting the energy level of HOMO of the compound A to Ah,', 'designating a compound having electron-transporting ability with a lowest energy level of LUMO in the compound having electron-transporting ability as a compound B, and setting the energy level of LUMO of the compound B to Bl, and', 'designating a compound which has a molecular weight of 500 less and is contained other than the compound A and the compound B in the single-layer type photosensitive layer as a compound C, and setting an energy level of HOMO of the compound C to Ch,, 'when in density function calculation B3LYP/6-31G (d, p),'} [{'br': None, 'i': 'Ch≤−', '4.69 (eV)\u2003\u2003( ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer includes a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer. The charge generating layer contains a charge generating material. The charge transport layer contains a hole transport material and a binder resin. The charge transport layer further contains an electron acceptor compound. The hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, and Reach represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. 3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereina ratio of a mass of the hole transport material to a mass of the binder resin is at least 0.50.7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereina ratio of a mass of the electron acceptor compound to a mass of the hole transport material is at least 0.01 and no greater than 0.30. The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-141456, filed on Jul. 21, 2017. The contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present disclosure relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member.An electrophotographic photosensitive member is used as an image bearing member in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus (for example, a printer or a multifunction peripheral). Examples of the image bearing member include an image formation member (image hearing member) including at least one charge transport layer that contains a terphenyl diamine charge transport component of a specific structure. The terphenyl diamine charge transport component is represented by chemical formula (II), for example.An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the present disclosure includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The ...

Process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

The present disclosure provides a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus in which fogging is reduced so as to reduce an amount of toner consumed. A process cartridge configured to be detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus includes a developing unit containing a toner, and an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the toner is a toner that has a toner particle, and has a metal salt of a polyvalent acid at least on a part of a surface of the toner particle; wherein the metal salt of the polyvalent acid includes at least one kind of metal element selected from metal elements belonging to from Group 3 to Group 13, and a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains an acrylic resin or a methacrylic resin.

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member and a charging roller that charges a circumferential surface of the image bearing member to a positive polarity. The image bearing member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer of a single layer, and satisfies formula (1) shown below. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe volume resistivity of the surface layer at a temperature of 32.5° C. and a relative humidity of 80% is no greater than 17.8 logΩ·cm.3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2 , whereinthe volume resistivity of the surface layer at a temperature of 32.5° C. and a relative humidity of 80% is no greater than 16.0 logΩ·cm.4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe charging roller has an electric resistance at a temperature of 32.5° C. and a relative humidity of 80% of at least 4.0 logΩ and no greater than 7.0 logΩ.5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4 , whereinthe electric resistance of the charging roller at a temperature of 32.5° C. and a relative humidity of 80% is at least 4.5 logΩ and no greater than 6.5 logΩ.6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe surface layer has a film thickness of at least 10 μm and no greater than 20 μm.7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe charging roller applies only a direct current voltage to the circumferential surface of the image bearing member.8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe surface layer contains a conductive filler, andthe conductive filler includes tin oxide particles, phosphorous-doped tin oxide particles, or titanium oxide particles.9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe surface layer contains a second binder resin, andthe second binder resin includes a polyamide ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR CARTRIDGE, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND DISPERSANT FOR FLUORORESIN

The invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is excellent in abrasion resistance and electrical properties by using a fluororesin and a polymer containing a structure represented by a specific formula, and has a long life span, an electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge and an image forming apparatus including the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and a dispersant which is excellent in dispersibility of a fluororesin particle, and the electrical properties, and the compatibility with a binder resin. 6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 ,wherein in a polymer having the structure represented by the Formula (1) and the structure represented by the Formula (2), a content of the structure represented by the Formula (1) is 20% by mass to 70% by mass.7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 ,wherein a weight average molecular weight of the polymer having the structure represented by Formula (1) and the structure represented by Formula (2) is 5,000 to 100,000.8. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,wherein a content of the polymer having the structure represented by Formula (1) is 0.5 parts by mass to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of fluororesin.9. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 ,wherein the photosensitive layer further contains a binder resin in addition to the polymer having the structure represented by the Formula (1) and the structure represented by the Formula (2) and the fluororesin, and a content of the fluororesin is 1 parts by mass to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.10. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,wherein an average primary particle diameter of the fluororesin is 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm.11. An electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to .12. An image forming apparatus comprising the ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including: a support, a photosensitive layer provided on the support, and a surface layer provided on the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured product of a composition containing a charge transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group, a compound having a specific structure, a fluororesin particle, and polyvinyl acetal.

Image forming apparatus and image forming method

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a charger, and a cleaning member. The charger charges a circumferential surface of the image bearing member to a positive polarity. The cleaning member is pressed against the circumferential surface of the image bearing member and collects a toner remaining on the circumferential surface of the image bearing member. A linear pressure N of the cleaning member on the circumferential surface of the image bearing member is at least 14 N/m and no greater than 40 N/m. A rebound resilience R of the cleaning member at a temperature of 25° C. is at least 38%. The leaner pressure N and the rebound resilience R satisfy mathematical formula (1A). The image bearing member satisfies mathematical formula (1B) R < 13.771 × N 0.4043 ( 1  A ) 0.60 ≦ V ( Q / S ) × ( d / ɛ r · ɛ 0 ) ( 1  B )

IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD

An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member and a static elimination device. The static elimination device irradiates static elimination light onto a circumferential surface of the image bearing member. The image bearing member includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The static elimination light has a wavelength of at least 600 nm and no greater than 800 nm. The photosensitive layer has an optical absorption coefficient of at least 600 cmand no greater than 1,500 cmwith respect to light having a wavelength of 660 nm. 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:an image bearing member; anda static elimination device configured to irradiate static elimination light onto a circumferential surface of the image bearing member, whereinthe image bearing member includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer,the single-layer photosensitive layer contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin,the static elimination light has a wavelength of at least 600 nm and no greater than 800 nm, and{'sup': −1', '−1, 'the single-layer photosensitive layer has an optical absorption coefficient of at least 600 cmand no greater than 1,500 cmwith respect to light having a wavelength of 660 nm.'}2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe charge generating material includes titanyl phthalocyanine, andthe charge generating material is contained in an amount of at least 0.7% by mass and no greater than 1.8% by mass relative to mass of the single-layer photosensitive layer.9. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '2', 'an intensity of the static elimination light upon arrival at the circumferential surface of the image bearing member after having been emitted from the ...

Organic photoconductor coating

An organic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate; a charge generation layer over the conductive substrate; a charge transport layer over the charge generation layer; and an overcoat layer over the charge transport layer. The overcoat layer comprises a cross-linked polyacrylate that includes a charge transport material dispersed therein and a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane.

MULTI-LAYER ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER

A multi-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer includes a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer. The charge generating layer contains a charge generating material. The charge transport layer contains a charge transport material, a binder resin, and silica particles. The charge transport layer is a monolayer. The charge transport layer is disposed as an outermost surface layer of the multi-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member. The silica particles have a content of at least 0.5 parts by mass and no greater than 15 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin. The polyarylate resin has a repeating unit represented by general formula (I) shown below. In general formula (I), R-Rand Y are defined as those described in the specification. 2. The multi-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein [{'sub': 1', '2, 'Rand Rrepresent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and'}, {'sub': '3', 'Rrepresents an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 3.'}], 'in the general formula (I),'}4. The multi-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinthe silica particles each have a surface subjected to a surface treatment with hexamethyldisilazane.6. The multi-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinthe silica particles have a number-average primary particle diameter of at least 10 nm and no greater than 80 nm.8. The multi-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein [{'sub': '1', 'Qrepresents a hydrogen atom or a phenyl group substituted with an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 8,'}, {'sub': '2', 'Qrepresents an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, method for producing electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

A charge-transporting layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a charge-transporting substance, a resin A having a specific structural unit and a resin C having a specific structural unit as resins, and a compound D having a specific structural unit, and the charge-transporting layer contains domains containing the resin A1, the resin A2 and the compound D in a matrix containing the charge-transporting substance and the resin C.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, image forming apparatus using the same, and image forming method

An electrophotographic photoreceptor for use in an image forming apparatus having a proximity charge-type charging unit includes a conductive support and at least photosensitive layer and surface layer laminated in order on the conductive support, wherein the surface layer includes (A) a charge transport material, (B) a cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable compound and inorganic fine particles, and (C) organic fine particles, and the inorganic fine particles contain a metal oxide, has a surface treated with a surface treatment agent having a reactive organic group, and has a volume resistivity of 1.2×1011 Ω·cm or more.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate. An outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a fluorine-based graft polymer and a fluorine-containing resin particle. The fluorine-based graft polymer includes at least a first structural unit that does not have an acidic group with a pKa of 3 or less but has a fluorine atom, a second structural unit derived from a macromonomer, and a third structural unit having the acidic group with a pKa of 3 or less. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive substrate; anda photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, whereinan outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a fluorine-based graft polymer and a fluorine-containing resin particle, andthe fluorine-based graft polymer includes at least a first structural unit that does not have an acidic group with a pKa of 3 or less but has a fluorine atom, a second structural unit derived from a macromonomer, and a third structural unit having the acidic group with a pKa of 3 or less.2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic group with a pKa of 3 or less includes an acidic group (Ac) which is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfo group claim 1 , a phosphate group claim 1 , a phosphonate group claim 1 , and a fluorinated alkyl carboxy group.3. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive substrate; anda photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, whereinan outermost surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a fluorine-based graft polymer and a fluorine-containing resin particle, andthe fluorine-based graft polymer includes at least a first structural unit that does not have an acidic group (Ac) which is at least one selected from the group consisting of a sulfo group, a phosphate group, a ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

The photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains (a) a gallium phthalocyanine crystal, (b) a specific amine compound and (c) a specific polyvinylacetal resin.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive base; an organic photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive base, the organic photosensitive layer including a layer that constitutes a surface and contains a charge transport material, a binder resin, and silica particles in an amount of about 40% by weight or more; and an inorganic protective layer disposed on the organic photosensitive layer and having a surface roughness Ra of about 5 nm or less.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

Electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer on an outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate, and an inorganic protective layer on an outer peripheral surface of the organic photosensitive layer, the inorganic protective layer containing gallium and oxygen. A volume resistivity of an inner region of the inorganic protective layer, the inner region extending 0.2 μm or about 0.2 μm from an inner peripheral surface of the inorganic protective layer in a thickness direction, and a volume resistivity of an outer region of the inorganic protective layer, the outer region extending 0.2 μm or about 0.2 μm from an outer peripheral surface of the inorganic protective layer in the thickness direction, are both 6.0×10Ω·cm or more and 4.0×10Ω·cm or less or about 6.0×10Ω·cm or more and about 4.0×10Ω·cm or less. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive substrate;an organic photosensitive layer on an outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate; andan inorganic protective layer on an outer peripheral surface of the organic photosensitive layer, the inorganic protective layer containing gallium and oxygen,{'sup': 7', '8, 'wherein a volume resistivity of an inner region of the inorganic protective layer, the inner region extending about 0.2 μm from an inner peripheral surface of the inorganic protective layer in a thickness direction, and a volume resistivity of an outer region of the inorganic protective layer, the outer region extending about 0.2 μm from an outer peripheral surface of the inorganic protective layer in the thickness direction, are both about 6.0×10Ω·cm or more and about 4.0×10Ω·cm or less.'}2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the inner region and the outer region of the inorganic protective layer has a volume resistivity of about 1.0×10Ω·cm or more and about 4.0×10Ω·cm or less.3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a charge-generating layer disposed on the conductive substrate, and a charge-transporting layer as an outermost layer disposed on the charge-generating layer and containing a binder resin and a charge-transporting material, wherein the average particle size of the crystal of the charge-transporting material is approximately from 0.1 μm to 5.0 μm. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive substrate;a charge-generating layer disposed on the conductive substrate; anda charge-transporting layer as an outermost layer disposed on the charge-generating layer and containing a binder resin and a charge-transporting material,wherein the average particle size of the crystal of the charge-transporting material is approximately from 0.1 μm to 5.0 μm.2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the charge-transporting layer contains a poor solvent for the charge-transporting material.3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 2 , wherein the poor solvent is dialkylketone.4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 3 , wherein the dialkylketone is dialkylketone of which the two alkyl groups each have from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 5 , wherein in the charge-transporting material represented by General Formula (CT1) claim 5 , Rand Reach represent a hydrogen atom claim 5 , and Rrepresents an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.8. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive substrate; anda single-layer photosensitive layer as an outermost layer disposed on the conductive substrate and containing a binder resin, a charge-generating material, and a charge-transporting material,wherein the average particle size of the crystal of the charge-transporting material is approximately from 0.1 μm to 5.0 μm.9. A process cartridge comprising the electrophotographic ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and electrophotographic apparatus

There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus in which residual potential is suppressed and a ghost image is prevented from being generated in a low-humidity environment in an undercoat layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: an undercoat layer containing a strontium titanate particle having a maximum peak at a position of 2θ=32.20±0.20 (θ represents a Bragg angle) in a CuKα characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern and a half-value width of the maximum peak of 0.10 deg or more and 0.50 deg or less, and a titanium oxide particle; and a photosensitive layer containing a polyvinyl butyral resin, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each provided with the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, manufacturing method of electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor, which is excellent in abrasion resistance and scratch resistance, has excellent electrical characteristics, and is capable of inhibiting an image defect, a manufacturing method of an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a process cartridge, and an electrophotographic apparatus. A surface layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains a copolymer of a composition which contains resin particles containing fluorine atoms, a charge transport compound having 2 or more polymerizable functional groups, a compound represented by General Formula (1), and a resin having a structure represented by General Formula (2) and a structure represented by General Formula (3). The polymerizable functional groups t are independently selected from an acryloyloxy group and a methacryloyloxy group, and a content of the compound represented by General Formula (1) in the composition is 0.10% by mass or more.

Dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle, composition, layer-shaped article, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

A dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle includes a polytetrafluoroethylene particle; and a dispersant that contains a fluorine atom and is attached to a surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene particle. The dispersant-attached polytetrafluoroethylene particle has a particle size distribution index [D 50 -D 10 ] of 50 nm or more.

SHAPED CHARGE GENERATION LAYER FOR A PHOTOCONDUCTIVE DRUM

A photoconductive drum includes an elongated support element with a shaped charge generation layer. The layer extends from the support element at various thicknesses along a length thereof. Thicker charge generation portions provides denser optical densities compared to thinner portions allowing tailoring the photoconductive drum to compensate for imperfect optical scanning systems. A charge transport layer overcoats the charge generation layer. Optionally, an oxidation layer underlies the charge generation layer as does a protective overcoat overlying the charge transport layer. Various thicknesses and shapes of the charge generation layer are also disclosed. 1. A photoconductive drum , comprising:an elongated support element having a surface;an oxidation layer on the surface;a charge generation layer disposed over the oxidation layer, the charge generation layer having a first thickness ranging from about 0.2 to about 0.5 μm and, along about one-third of a length of a distal or proximate end of the elongated support element, the charge generation layer having a second thickness greater than the first thickness and being distinct from the first thickness by a transition in thickness from a middle one-third of the length of the elongated support element; anda charge transport layer disposed over the charge generation layer.2. The photoconductive drum of claim 1 , further including a protective overcoat over the charge transport layer.3. The photoconductive drum of claim 1 , wherein the second thickness is about 0.1 μm thicker than the first thickness.4. The photoconductive drum of claim 1 , wherein the elongated support element is substantially cylindrical about a longitudinal axis thereof.5. The photoconductive drum of claim 1 , wherein the charge generation layer tapers symmetrically from the second thickness to the first thickness at the transition in thickness.6. The photoconductive drum of claim 1 , wherein the elongated support element is a 3003 aluminum alloy ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE PHOTORECEPTOR, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC DEVICE

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer contains a cross-linked structure derived from a first hole transport material represented by the following general formula (1): 2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the photosensitive layer contains a second hole transport material including an arylamine structure that is free of a polymerizable functional group claim 1 , represented by the structural formula (2) claim 1 , (3) claim 1 , or (4).4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the photosensitive layer contains an electron transport material.5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the curable resin is at least one of an epoxy resin claim 1 , a phenolic resin claim 1 , and an acrylic resin.6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge generation material made of a phthalocyanine compound.7. A method of manufacturing the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , comprising:forming the photosensitive layer by a dip coating method using a coating liquid containing the first hole transport material and the curable resin.8. An electrophotographic device comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to . This is a continuation application of International Application PCT/JP2019/028090 filed on Jul. 17, 2019, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor (hereinafter also referred to simply as “photoreceptor”) for use in an electrophotographic printer, a copier, a fax machine, and the like, a method of manufacturing the photoreceptor, and an electrophotographic device. In particular, the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor capable of realizing excellent wear ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND COATING LIQUID FOR FORMING PHOTOSENSITIVE LAYER

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is a positive charging type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin in the same layer, and a residual potential VLat a point at which an exposure amount for forming a latent image is 0.3 μJ/cmis equal to or lower than 130 V when an initial surface potential V0 is set to +700 V, exposure with monochromatic light of 780 nm is performed and measurement is performed by a dynamic method. 120- (canceled)21. An electrophotographic photoreceptor which is a positive charging type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a single-layer type photosensitive layer on the conductive support , whereinthe single-layer type photosensitive layer comprises a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin in the same layer, andthe single-layer type photosensitive layer comprises a filler, a polyvinyl acetal resin, and oxytitanium phthalocyanine as the charge generating material, which has a main clear peak at a Bragg angle 2θ±0.2° of 27.2° in powder X-ray diffraction using a CuKα characteristic X-ray.22. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 21 , wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin is a polyvinyl butyral resin.23. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 21 , wherein the binder resin is a polycarbonate resin or a polyarylate resin claim 21 , and0.1 to 50 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin are included with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.24. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 21 , wherein {'br': None, 'E_homo>-4.65 (eV).'}, 'an energy level E homo of HOMO obtained as a result of structural optimization ...

PHOTORECEPTOR FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY, AND PHOTORECEPTOR CARTRIDGE AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS EMPLOYING THE SAME

Provided is a photoreceptor for electrophotography, having high sensitivity and high-speed response performance, and which prevents accumulation of residual potential even when used repeatedly. Also, provided are a photoreceptor cartridge and an image forming apparatus, each employing the photoreceptor. 2. The photoreceptor for electrophotography of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Ar1 and Ar2 of Chemical Formula 1 isan alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, ora phenyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen atom.4. The photoreceptor for electrophotography of claim 1 , wherein:the photosensitive layer is a single-layered photosensitive layer, andthe charge transporting material is present in the photosensitive layer at a content of 30 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.5. The photoreceptor for electrophotography of claim 1 , wherein: a charge generating layer comprising the binder resin and the charge generating material, and', 'a charge transporting layer comprising the binder resin and the charge transporting material; and, 'the photosensitive layer is a multilayered photosensitive layer comprisingthe charge transporting material is present in the charge transporting layer at a content of 30 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin in the charge transporting layer.7. The image forming apparatus of claim 6 , wherein at least one of Ar1 and Ar2 of Chemical Formula 1 isan alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, ora phenyl group which is substituted or unsubstituted with a halogen atom.9. The image forming apparatus of claim 6 , wherein:the photosensitive layer is a single-layered photosensitive layer, andthe charge transporting material is present in the photosensitive layer at a content of 30 parts by weight to 50 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the binder resin.10. The image forming apparatus of claim 6 , wherein: a charge ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOCONDUCTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes, in sequence, a support, an undercoat layer, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a first binder resin, and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material and a second binder resin. The charge generation material in the charge generation layer is chlorogallium phthalocyanine having diffraction peaks at Bragg angles (2θ±0.2°) of 7.4°, 16.6°, 25.5°, and 28.3° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using Cu K-α radiation. The undercoat layer contains strontium titanate particles and a third binder resin. 1. An electrophotographic photoconductor comprising , in sequence:a support;an undercoat layer;a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a first binder resin; anda charge transport layer containing a charge transport material and a second binder resin,wherein the charge generation material is chlorogallium phthalocyanine having diffraction peaks at Bragg angles (2θ±0.2°) of 7.4°, 16.6°, 25.5°, and 28.3° in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by using Cu K-α radiation, andthe undercoat layer contains strontium titanate particles and a third binder resin.2. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the strontium titanate particles relative to a total mass of the undercoat layer is 50 mass % or more and 90 mass % or less.3. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the charge generation layer further contains V-type hydroxygallium phthalocyanine.4. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the chlorogallium phthalocyanine relative to a total mass of the charge generation layer is 20 mass % or more and 80 mass % or less.6. A process cartridge detachably attachable to an electrophotographic apparatus main body claim 1 , the process cartridge comprising:an electrophotographic photoconductor including, in sequence, a support, an undercoat ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

Provided are an electrophotographic photosensitive member excellent in suppression of the occurrence of a photomemory, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each including the electrophotographic photosensitive member. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes in this order: an electroconductive support; an undercoat layer; and a photosensitive layer, wherein the undercoat layer contains strontium titanate particles and a binder resin, and the photosensitive layer contains a butanediol adduct of titanyl phthalocyanine. 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising in this order:an electroconductive support;an undercoat layer; anda photosensitive layer,wherein the undercoat layer contains strontium titanate particles and a binder resin, and the photosensitive layer contains a butanediol adduct of titanyl phthalocyanine.4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the photosensitive layer further contains non adduct of titanyl phthalocyanine.6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the strontium titanate particles with respect to a total mass of the undercoat layer is 50 mass % or more.7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a number-average particle diameter of primary particles of the strontium titanate particles is 150 nm or less.8. A process cartridge comprising:an electrophotographic photosensitive member; andat least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit, and a cleaning unit,the process cartridge integrally supporting the electrophotographic photosensitive member and the at least one unit, and being removably mounted onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus,wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member includes an electroconductive support, an undercoat layer, and a photosensitive layer in the stated order, the undercoat layer ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can achieve both of abrasion resistance and the suppression of a ghost. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes: a support; an undercoat layer; a charge-generating layer; and a charge-transporting layer, the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being arranged in the stated order on the support, wherein the charge-transporting layer includes a charge-transporting substance, and a polymer containing a structure represented by the following general formula (1) and a structure represented by the following general formula (2), wherein the charge-generating layer includes a phthalocyanine crystal and a binder resin, and wherein the undercoat layer includes strontium titanate particles and a binder resin. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the charge-transporting layer has a thickness of 30 μm or more.3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the charge-transporting layer claim 1 , a content of the polymer containing the structure represented by the general formula (1) and the structure represented by the general formula (2) is 125 mass % or more and 250 mass % or less with respect to a content of the charge-transporting substance.4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the phthalocyanine crystal comprises one of a gallium phthalocyanine crystal and a titanyl phthalocyanine crystal.5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the undercoat layer claim 1 , a content of the strontium titanate particles is 100 mass % or more and 500 mass % or less with respect to a content of the binder resin.6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the strontium titanate particles have a specific surface area of 30 m/g or more.7. The electrophotographic ...

Photoconductor and method for producing the same

The photoconductor includes a conductive support, a photosensitive layer, and a protective layer. The protective layer is a polymer of a radical-polymerizable composition containing a perfluoropolyether compound including a radical-polymerizable functional group, a radical-polymerizable monomer including a radical-polymerizable functional group, and an inorganic fine particle including a radical-polymerizable functional group. The radical-polymerizable functional group of the perfluoropolyether compound is different from the radical-polymerizable functional group of the radical-polymerizable monomer and identical to the radical-polymerizable functional group of the inorganic fine particle.

CONDUCTIVE SUPPORT, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, AND PROCESS CARTRIDGE

A conductive support is formed of a bottomless hollow cylindrical member being made of metal and having a thickness t of equal to or less than 0.5 mm, the conductive support including: a chamfer portion on an outer peripheral surface side of at least one end of the conductive support over an entire circumferential direction, wherein the chamfer portion has a chamfer angle a of equal to or greater than. 10° and less than 30′ with respect to the outer peripheral surface, and a chamfer width b equal to or greater than 0.05 mm in an end surface, and wherein as end surface width c is equal to or greater than 0.1 mm in the end surface including the chamfer portion. 1. A conductive support which is formed of a bottomless hollow cylindrical member being made of metal and having a thickness t of equal to or less than 0.5 mm , 'a chamfer portion on an outer peripheral surface side of at least one end of the conductive support over an entire circumferential direction,', 'wherein the conductive support compriseswherein the chamfer portion has a chamfer angle a of equal to or greater than 10° and equal to or less than 20° with respect to the outer peripheral surface, and a chamfer width b of equal to or greater than 0.05 mm in an end surface, andwherein the conductive support has an end surface width c is equal to or greater than 0.1 mm in the end surface including the chamfer portion.2. The conductive support according to claim 1 ,wherein the thickness t is equal to or less than 0.4 mm.3. The conductive support according to claim 1 ,wherein the end surface width c is equal to or less than 0.3 mm.4. (canceled)5. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive support which is formed of a bottomless hollow cylindrical member being made of metal and having a thickness t of equal to or less than 0.5 mm, [ wherein the chamfer portion has a chamfer angle a of equal to or greater than 10° and equal to or less than 20° with respect to the outer peripheral surface, and a ...

IMAGING MEMBERS HAVING ELECTRICALLY AND MECHANICALLY TUNED IMAGING LAYERS

An electrophotographic imaging member which has improved imaging layer(s) formulated to comprise a charge transport compound and a polymer blended binder to render photoelectrical stability, tune-ability, and surface contact friction reduction for providing service life extension. The polymer blended binder used in the imaging layer(s) is a binary polymer blend binder consisting of: (1) an A-B diblock copolymer and a bisphenol polycarbonate and a low surface energy polysiloxane/polycarbonate random copolymer and (2) an A-B diblock copolymer and a low surface energy graft polysiloxane/polycarbonate copolymer. 4. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein a weight average molecular weight of the random copolymers is from about 20 claim 1 ,000 to about 200 claim 1 ,000.6. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein a weight average molecular weight of the low surface energy graft copolymers is from about 20 claim 1 ,000 to about 200 claim 1 ,000.7. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the bisphenol polycarbonate present in the polymer blend binder is present in a weight ratio amount of the bisphenol polycarbonate to the A-B diblock copolymer of from about 10:90 to about 90:10 or from about 25:75 to about 75:25.8. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the binary polymer blend binder is comprised of a weight ratio of the low surface energy copolymer to the diblock copolymer of between about 5:95 and about 50:50 or between about or 10:90 and about 30:70.9. The flexible imaging member of having a surface energy as measured by water contact angle wetting of less than 30.10. The flexible imaging member of having a contact friction as measured by sliding a polyurethane cleaning blade over the flexible imaging member of less than 1.00.11. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , having surface abhesiveness of less than 100 grams/cm as determined by 180° adhesive tape peel off strength measurement.12. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , ...

METALLIC INGOT FOR IMPACT PRESSING, CYLINDRICAL METAL MEMBER, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR

A metallic ingot for impact pressing includes a contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing having a maximum height roughness Rz of 20 μm to 50 μm and an average length of a roughness curve element RSm of 150 μm to 400 μm, the male mold being to be used in combination with a female mold in the impact pressing. 15.-. (canceled)6. A cylindrical metal member having:a thickness deviation of 40 μm or less,a maximum height roughness Rz of an inner circumferential surface of from 0.5 μm to 20 μm,an average length of a roughness curve element RSm of the inner circumferential surface of from 50 μm to 300 μm, andan outer circumferential surface hardness of from 45 HV to 60 HV.7. The cylindrical metal member according to claim 6 ,wherein the maximum height roughness Rz of the inner circumferential surface is from 5 μm to 20 μm.8. The cylindrical metal member according to claim 6 ,wherein the maximum height roughness Rz of the inner circumferential surface is from 8 μm to 17 μm.9. The cylindrical metal member according to claim 6 ,wherein the average length of the roughness curve element RSm of the inner circumferential surface is from 100 μm to 250 μm.10. The cylindrical metal member according to claim 6 ,wherein the average length of the roughness curve element RSm of the inner circumferential surface is from 120 μm to 200 μm.11. The cylindrical metal member according to claim 6 , which is an impact press tube.12. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00006', 'claim 6'}, 'an electroconductive substrate formed of the cylindrical metal member according to ; and'}a photosensitive layer provided on the electroconductive substrate. This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-246897 filed Dec. 20, 2016.The present invention relates to a metallic ingot for impact pressing, a cylindrical metal member, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor.In ...

Overcoat Formulation for Long-Life Electrophotographic Photoconductors and Method for Making the Same

An overcoat layer and method to make an overcoated photoconductor drum of an electrophotographic image forming device using irradiation such as with electron beam (EB) or ultraviolet (UV) light is provided. The photoconductor drum is then cured using EB dose of between 10 and 100 kiloGrays (kGy), preferably between 20 and 40 kGys or UV irradiation with an exposure of between 0.1 and 2 J/cm 2 . The unique overcoat layer of the present invention is formed having a biphasic morphology comprised of a highly cured crosslinked phase and a second phase enriched in uncured material. The desired amount of uncured uncrosslinked material found in the second phase of the biphasic structure, is between 2-70 wt % range, with particularly good combination of long-life and electrical performance when present at the 5-50 wt % level, and the best performance at the 15-40 wt % level. The biphasic morphology of the overcoat layer using the method of the present invention gives rise to the good wear rates while allowing rapid transport of the electrical charge and thus fast discharge properties of the photoconductor drum.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

The present invention is intended to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor that does not easily cause defects such as filming, insufficient cleaning, and abnormal noise, and that has many other desirable properties, including excellent abrasion resistance, excellent adhesion to a substrate and a lower layer, excellent electrical properties including fast response and sufficiently low exposure electric potential, and excellent gas resistance and image memory characteristics. The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor that has at least a photosensitive layer on an electrocondutive support. The photosensitive layer contains a charge transport substance of a specific structure, and a specific polyester resin. 2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the formula (1) claim 1 , Arto Arare each independently aryl group of 30 or less carbon atoms that may have alkyl group or alkoxy group claim 1 , Arto Arare each independently optionally substituted 1 claim 1 ,4-phenylene group claim 1 , and m and n are each independently 1 or 2.3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the charge transport substance represented by the formula (1) contained in one or more layers forming the photosensitive layer is 15 to 50 mass parts with respect to 100 mass parts of a binder resin contained in the same layer.4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the photosensitive layer contains oxytitanium phthalocyanine of a crystal form that shows a diffraction peak at a Bragg angle (2θ±0.2°) of at least 24.1° and 27.2° in a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum using a CuKα characteristic X-ray.5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when s in the formula (2) is 0 claim 1 , at least one of Arand Aris an arylene group having an alkyl group.6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate; an undercoat layer formed on the conductive substrate and containing a polyurethane resin, metal oxide particles, a silane coupling agent, and a compound represented by General Formula (ID); and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer 2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide particles are titanium oxide particles.3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the silane coupling agent is present in the undercoat layer in a state in which surfaces of the metal oxide particles are treated with the silane coupling agent.4. A process cartridge comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , whereinthe process cartridge is removably attached to an image forming apparatus.5. An image forming apparatus comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to ;'}a charging unit that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor;a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a developer containing toner to form a toner image; anda transfer unit that transfers the toner image to a surface of a recording medium. This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-252321 filed Dec. 27, 2017.The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a process cartridge, and an image forming apparatus.Electrophotographic image forming apparatuses are applied to image forming apparatuses such as copying machines and laser beam printers. The mainstream of electrophotographic photoreceptors used in image forming apparatuses is an organic photoreceptor ...

Image forming apparatus and electrophotographic cartridge

The invention is to provide an image forming apparatus and an electrophotographic cartridge, which are free from problems of cleaning failure, filming, soiling, residual images (ghosts), fogging, density reduction, noise and the like and which can provide high-definition images even when a toner having a small particle size and having a high degree of circularity is used and even when a photoreceptor having a small outer diameter is used. An image forming apparatus comprising: an electrophotographic photoreceptor containing a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, a charging unit for charging the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an imagewise exposing unit for imagewise exposing the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image thereon, a developing unit for developing the electrostatic latent image with a toner, and a transferring unit for transferring the toner from the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a receiving unit, wherein the outer diameter of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is 20 mm or less, the photosensitive layer contains a polyarylate resin, and the toner satisfies the specific requirements (1) and (2).

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, wherein when time that takes for a current value to reach the maximum after beginning of application of a square wave voltage to the electrophotographic photoreceptor is Tand time that takes for the current value to reach the maximum after the beginning of the application of the square wave voltage and then decrease to one fifth of the maximum is T, Tis approximately from 3.2 to 11.0 times as large as T. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising:a conductive substrate; anda photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive substrate, wherein{'sub': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'when time that takes for a current value to reach the maximum after beginning of application of a square wave voltage to the electrophotographic photoreceptor is Tand time that takes for the current value to reach the maximum after the beginning of the application of the square wave voltage and then decrease to one fifth of the maximum is T, Tis approximately from 3.2 to 11.0 times as large as T.'}2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein Tis approximately from 5.0 to 10.8 times as large as T.3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein Tis approximately from 9.0 to 10.5 times as large as T.4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein Tis approximately from 0.01 μs to 0.05 μs.5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein Tis approximately from 0.10 μs to 0.50 μs.6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the photosensitive layer includes a charge-generating layer and a charge-transporting layer claim 1 , andan undercoat layer is further provided between the conductive substrate and the photosensitive layer.7. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 6 , wherein the undercoat layer contains zinc oxide particles ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE BODY AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photosensitive body includes at least a photosensitive layer and a protective layer sequentially laminated on an electroconductive support, wherein the protective layer has a domain containing perfluoropolyether. 1. An electrophotographic photosensitive body comprisingat least a photosensitive layer and a protective layer sequentially laminated on an electroconductive support, whereinthe protective layer has a domain containing perfluoropolyether.2. The electrophotographic photosensitive body according to claim 1 , whereinthe domain has an average long diameter in the range of 0.05 to 1.00 μm.3. The electrophotographic photosensitive body according to claim 1 , whereinthe protective layer is formed of a polymerization cured product of a radical-polymerizable composition containing a radical-polymerizable monomer and a perfluoropolyether having radical-polymerizable group(s).4. The electrophotographic photosensitive body according to claim 3 , whereinthe radical-polymerizable composition further contains metal oxide particles.5. The electrophotographic photosensitive body according to claim 4 , whereinthe content of the metal oxide particles in the radical-polymerizable composition is in the range of 45 to 150 parts by mass with respect to the total amount (100 parts by mass) of the polymerizable monomer and the perfluoropolyether having radical-polymerizable group(s).6. The electrophotographic photosensitive body according to claim 4 , whereinthe metal oxide particle is a metal oxide particle having a radical-polymerizable group.7. The electrophotographic photosensitive body according to claim 3 , wherein [{'br': None, '[Chemical Formula 1]'}, {'br': None, 'sub': q', '2', '2', '2', 'm', '2', 'n', '2', 'q, '(X)-A-CFO(CFCFO)(CFO)CF-A-(X)\u2003\u2003General Formula (1)'}], 'the perfluoropolyether having radical-polymerizable group(s) is a perfluoropolyether having a structure represented by the following General Formula (1)wherein in General ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND COATING LIQUID FOR FORMING PHOTOSENSITIVE LAYER

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor which is a positive charging type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin in the same layer, and a residual potential VLat a point at which an exposure amount for forming a latent image is 0.3 μJ/cmis equal to or lower than 130 V when an initial surface potential V is set to +700 V, exposure with monochromatic light of 780 nm is performed and measurement is performed by a dynamic method. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor which is a positive charging type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support , whereinthe photosensitive layer comprises a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin in the same layer, and{'sub': '1', 'sup': '2', 'b': '0', 'a residual potential VLat a point at which an exposure amount for forming a latent image is 0.3 μJ/cmis equal to or lower than 130 V when an initial surface potential V is set to +700 V, exposure with monochromatic light of 780 nm is performed and measurement is performed by a dynamic method.'}2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein the residual potential VLis equal to or lower than 110 V.3. An electrophotographic photoreceptor which is a positive charging type electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support claim 1 , whereinthe photosensitive layer comprises a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin in the same layer, and{'sub': '2', 'sup': '2', 'b': '0', 'a residual potential VLat a point at which an exposure amount ...

TERPHENYL COMPOUND, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING TERPHENYL COMPOUND

A compound is represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), Rand Reach represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and a sum of the number of carbon atoms of the chemical group represented by Rand the number of carbon atoms of the chemical group represented by Ris 2. Rand Reach represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and a sum of the number of carbon atoms of the chemical group represented by Rand the number of carbon atoms of the chemical group represented by Ris 2. A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, and a binder resin. The hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (1) 3. An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer , whereinthe photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, and a binder resin,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the hole transport material includes the compound according to , and'}the photosensitive layer includes a charge generating layer containing the charge generating material and a charge transport layer containing the hole transport material and the binder resin, orthe photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer containing the charge generating material, the hole transport material, and the binder resin.4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3 , whereina ratio of mass of the hole transport material to mass of the binder resin is at least 0.50.9. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3 , whereinthe photosensitive layer includes the charge generating layer and the charge transport layer,the charge transport layer further contains an electron acceptor compound, anda ratio of mass of the electron ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer. The charge generating layer has a thickness of at least 0.07 μm. The charge transport layer contains a binder resin, a hole transport material, and meta-terphenyl. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin including repeating units and a group represented by respective general formulas (1) to (3). The electrophotographic photosensitive member satisfies at least two conditions of: (A) the charge generating layer has a thickness of at least 0.12 μm; (B) the charge transport layer contains a specific amount of fluororesin particles; and (C) the charge transport layer contains meta-terphenyl in an amount of at least 5.0 parts by mass and no greater than 15.0 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinthe fluororesin particles are polytetrafluoroethylene particles. The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-7951, filed on Jan. 21, 2019. The contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present disclosure relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member.Electrophotographic photosensitive members are used in electrographic image forming apparatuses. Examples of the electrophotographic photosensitive members include a multi-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member and a single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member. The multi-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member includes photosensitive layers including a charge generating layer having a charge generating function and a charge transport layer having a charge transporting function. The single-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a single-layer photosensitive layer having a charge generating function and a charge transporting function.A ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer is a single-layer photosensitive layer or a multi-layer photosensitive layer having a charge transport layer as an outermost layer. Silica particles are contained in the photosensitive layer in an amount of no less than 0.5 parts by mass and no greater than 15 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of a binder resin. The binder resin includes a polycarbonate resin represented by the general formula (1a) or the general formula (1b).

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: a support, an undercoat layer formed above the support, a charge generation layer formed on the undercoat layer, and a charge transport layer formed above the charge generation layer, wherein the undercoat layer contains a polyamide resin and a titanium oxide particle which is surface-treated with a compound represented by Formula (1): 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein when a content of a Si element in the compound represented by Formula (1) to TiOin the titanium oxide particle in the undercoat layer is c (% by mass) claim 1 , the following Equation (B) is satisfied:{'br': None, 'i': '≤b×c≤', '0.0150.030. \u2003\u2003Equation (B)3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the undercoat layer has a film thickness d (μm) satisfying the following Equation (C):{'br': None, 'i': '≤d≤', '0.53.0. \u2003\u2003Equation (C)4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the undercoat layer satisfies the following Equation D:{'br': None, 'i': '≤a/d≤', '0.150.55. \u2003\u2003Equation (D)5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Formula (1) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of vinyltrimethoxysilane claim 1 , vinyltriethoxysilane claim 1 , and vinylmethyldimethoxysilane.6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the titanium oxide particles have an average primary particle diameter b (μm) of 0.015 or more and 0.085 or less.7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the charge generating material is hydroxygallium phthalocyanine. The present disclosure relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and an electrophotographic apparatus.As an electrophotographic ...

IMAGE BEARING MEMBER FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY

An object of the present invention is to provide an image bearing member for electrophotography. The image bearing member has high mechanical properties which include abrasion resistance and scratch resistance, is excellent in toner releasability, and is capable of retaining these features. The present invention provides an image bearing member for electrophotography, which includes a surface layer, the surface layer being composed of a polymerization-cured product of a composition containing a polymerizable monomer and surface-treated metal oxide particles, and the surface-treated metal oxide particles are metal oxide particles surface-treated with a surface treating agent having a silicone side chain. 1. An image bearing member for electrophotography , which comprises a surface layer ,wherein the surface layer is composed of a polymerization-cured product of a composition comprising a polymerizable monomer and surface-treated metal oxide particles, the surface-treated metal oxide particles being metal oxide particles surface-treated with a surface treating agent having a silicone side chain.2. The image bearing member according to claim 1 , wherein the surface treating agent having a silicone side chain is a surface treating agent which has a silicone side chain branching from an acrylic main chain.3. The image bearing member according to claim 1 , wherein the surface treating agent having a silicone side chain is a surface treating agent which has a silicone side chain branching from a silicone main chain.4. The image bearing member according to claim 1 , wherein the surface-treated metal oxide particles have a polymerizable group.5. The image bearing member according to claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a lubricant.6. The image bearing member according to claim 5 , wherein the lubricant is a polymerizable silicone compound or a polymerizable perfluoropolyether compound. Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-021063 filed on Feb. 8, 2018, ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, METHOD OF PRODUCING ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, including a charge-transporting layer containing a charge-transporting substance, and containing, as resins, a polycarbonate resin A having specific structural units and a resin D having a specific structural unit, in which the charge-transporting layer has, in a matrix containing the charge-transporting substance and the resin D, domains each containing the polycarbonate resin A. 2. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the polycarbonate resin A in the charge-transporting layer is from 5% by mass to 50% by mass based on a total mass of whole resins in the charge-transporting layer.4. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 3 , wherein a content of the structural unit represented by the formula (E) is 30% by mass or less based on the total mass of the polycarbonate resin A in the charge-transporting layer.7. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the domain has a number average particle diameter of from 10 nm to 1 claim 1 ,000 nm.8. An electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the charge-transporting substance is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a triarylamine compound claim 1 , a hydrazone compound claim 1 , a butadiene compound claim 1 , and an enamine compound.9. A process cartridge claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrophotographic photosensitive member of ; and'}at least one unit selected from the group consisting of a charging unit, a developing unit, a transfer unit, and a cleaning unit,the member and the unit being supported integrally,wherein the process cartridge is removably mounted onto an electrophotographic apparatus body.10. An electrophotographic apparatus claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrophotographic photosensitive member of ;'}a ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD USING THE SAME

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes at least a photosensitive layer and a protective layer sequentially layered on a conductive support, wherein the protective layer contains a cured product of a curable composition containing p-type semiconductor fine particles, an n-type organic semiconductor, and a polymerizable compound. 1. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least a photosensitive layer and a protective layer sequentially layered on a conductive support , whereinthe protective layer contains a cured product of a curable composition containing p-type semiconductor fine particles, an n-type organic semiconductor, and a polymerizable compound.3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , wherein [{'br': None, '[Chemical Formula 8]'}, {'br': None, 'sup': '1', 'sub': 2', '2, 'MCuO\u2003\u2003(6)'}, {'br': None, 'sup': '2', 'sub': '2', 'CuMO\u2003\u2003(7)'}, {'br': None, 'sup': '3', 'CuMO\u2003\u2003(8)'}], 'the p-type semiconductor fine particles are at least one kind of compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following Chemical Formulas (6) to (8){'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'in Chemical Formulas (6) to (8), Mis an element belonging to Group 2, Mis an element belonging to Group 13, and Mis an element belonging to Group 5.'}4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , whereinthe p-type semiconductor fine particles have a reactive organic group on a surface thereof.5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 , whereinthe polymerizable compound has a (meth)acryloyl group.6. An image forming apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to .7. An image forming method comprising{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00006', 'claim 6'}, 'forming an electrophotographic image by using the image forming apparatus according to .'} The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-061573 filed on Mar. 25, 2016 including description, claims, ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member sequentially including: a support; a photosensitive layer; and a protection layer formed on the support, wherein the protection layer has a triarylamine structure and a specific cyclic structure, and a specific A-value obtained by measurement using total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is 0.010 or more and 0.050 or less.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photosensitive member having a protective layer wherein the density unevenness among output images is reduced with abrasion resistance maintained is provided. The present invention is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a support, a photosensitive layer and a protective layer in this order, wherein the protective layer has a triarylamine structure and a cyclic structure represented by the formula (1) or (2): 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein an elastic deformation rate of the protective layer is 40% or more and 50% or less.3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the cyclic structure to the triarylamine structure is 0.2 or more and 1.4 or less.5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the structure represented by the general formula (5) to the cyclic structure is 1.9 or more and 2.1 or less.6. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer comprises a triarylamine compound having a molecular weight of 300 or more and 1000 or less.7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 6 , wherein the protective layer comprises 1% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less of the triarylamine compound based on a total mass of the protective layer. The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.An electrophotographic photosensitive member with which an electrophotographic apparatus is equipped has been widely examined so far to improve image quality and durability. An example thereof is the examination of improving abrasion resistance (mechanical durability) using a radically polymerizable resin on the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member. Meanwhile, density ...

PHOTORECEPTOR FOR ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY DEVICE HAVING THE SAME

A photoreceptor for electrophotography and an electrophotography device having the same reduces wear loss of the photoreceptor surface and stably obtaining a favorable image for long time. The photoreceptor for electrophotography includes a conductive substrate and a charge transport layer provided on the conductive substrate. The charge transport layer contains a charge transport material, a resin binder, and an inorganic oxide filler surface-treated with a silane coupling agent. A difference (ΔSPa) in a dipole-dipole force component that is a Hansen solubility parameter between the charge transport material and the silane coupling agent satisfies a relationship ΔSPa<1.0. A difference (ΔSPb) in a London dispersion force component that is a Hansen solubility parameter between the resin binder and the silane coupling agent satisfies a relationship ΔSPb<2.5. 1. A photoreceptor for electrophotography , comprising:a conductive substrate; anda charge transport layer provided on the conductive substrate and containing a charge transport material, a resin binder, and an inorganic oxide filler surface-treated with a silane coupling agent,wherein the charge transport material and the silane coupling agent have respective dipole-dipole force components that are a Hansen solubility parameter and a difference (ΔSPa) between the dipole-dipole force component of the charge transport material and the dipole-dipole force component of the silane coupling agent satisfies a relationship ΔSPa<1.0, andwherein the resin binder and the silane coupling agent have respective London dispersion force components that are a Hansen solubility parameter and a difference (ΔSPb) between the London dispersion force component of the resin binder and the London dispersion force component of the silane coupling agent satisfies a relationship ΔSPb<2.5.2. The photoreceptor for electrophotography according to claim 1 , wherein the resin binder is a polycarbonate resin or a polyarylate resin.3. The ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising: a conductive support; and a photosensitive layer on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a charge transport substance, a binder resin, and a compound which has a molecular weight of equal to or less than 350, and is represented by General Formula (1). 2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,wherein the charge transport substance is a triarylamine derivative or an enamine derivative.3. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,wherein the photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the General Formula (1) in an amount of 1 part by mass to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.4. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,wherein the molecular weight of the charge transport substance is equal to or greater than 450.5. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,wherein the elastic deformation rate of the photosensitive layer is equal to or greater than 40%.6. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '2', 'wherein the universal hardness of the photosensitive layer is equal to or greater than 145 N/mm.'}7. An electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to ; and'}at least one selected from the group consisting of a charging device that charges the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an exposure device that exposes the charged electrophotographic photoreceptor so as to form an electrostatic latent image, and a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor.8. A full color image forming apparatus comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrophotographic photoreceptor according to ;'}a charging device that charges the ...

METALLIC INGOT FOR IMPACT PRESSING, CYLINDRICAL METAL MEMBER, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTORECEPTOR

A metallic ingot for impact pressing includes a contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing having a maximum height roughness Rz of 20 μm to 50 μm and an average length of a roughness curve element RSm of 150 μm to 400 μm, the male mold being to be used in combination with a female mold in the impact pressing. 1. A metallic ingot for impact pressing ,wherein a contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing has a maximum height roughness Rz of from 20 μm to 50 μm and an average length of a roughness curve element RSm of from 150 μm to 400 μm, the male mold is to be used in combination with a female mold in the impact pressing.2. The metallic ingot according to claim 1 ,wherein the contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing has a maximum height roughness Rz of from 25 μm to 45 μm.3. The metallic ingot according to claim 1 ,wherein the contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing has a maximum height roughness Rz of from 30 μm to 40 μm.4. The metallic ingot according to claim 1 ,wherein the contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing has an average length of the roughness curve element RSm of from 200 μm to 350 μm.5. The metallic ingot according to claim 1 ,wherein the contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing has an average length of the roughness curve element RSm of from 220 μm to 300 μm. This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/485,815 filed Apr. 12, 2017, which is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-246897 filed Dec. 20, 2016, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.The present invention relates to a metallic ingot for impact pressing, a cylindrical metal member, and an electrophotographic photoreceptor.In the related art, as an ...

PHOTOCONDUCTOR, IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS, AND PROCESS CARTRIDGE

A photoconductor including a conductive support, an undercoat layer, a charge-generating layer, and a charge-transporting layer, at least the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being disposed on the conductive support in an order mentioned, wherein the undercoat layer includes a binder resin and metal oxide particles, and the charge-generating layer includes a binder resin, a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment, and a salicylic acid derivative. 1. A photoconductor comprising:a conductive support;an undercoat layer;a charge-generating layer; anda charge-transporting layer,at least the undercoat layer, the charge-generating layer, and the charge-transporting layer being disposed on the conductive support in an order mentioned,wherein the undercoat layer includes a binder resin and metal oxide particles, andthe charge-generating layer includes a binder resin, a titanyl phthalocyanine pigment, and a salicylic acid derivative.2. The photoconductor according to claim 1 ,wherein the metal oxide particles are zinc oxide particles.3. The photoconductor according to claim 1 ,wherein the undercoat layer includes a salicylic acid derivative.4. An image forming apparatus comprising:a photoconductor;a charging unit configured to charge a surface of the photoconductor;an exposing unit configured to expose the surface charged of the photoconductor to light to form an electrostatic latent image;a developing unit configured to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner to form a visible image; anda transferring unit configured to transfer the visible image onto a recording medium,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein the photoconductor is the photoconductor according to .'}5. A process cartridge comprising:a photoconductor; andat least one selected from the group consisting of:a charging unit configured to charge a surface of the photoconductor;an exposing unit configured to expose the surface charged of the ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer contains at least a charge generating material, a charge transport material, and a binder resin. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin. The polyarylate resin is represented by general formula (1) shown below. In general formula (1), X represents a divalent group represented by chemical formula (1-1), (1-2), (1-3), or (1-4) shown below. 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinin general formula (1),{'sup': '1', 'the two chemical groups Rare the same as one another,'}{'sup': '4', 'the two chemical groups Rare the same as one another,'}{'sup': 1', '4, 'Rand Rare the same as one another,'}{'sup': 2', '5, 'Rand Rare the same as one another, and'}{'sup': 3', '6, 'Rand Rare the same as one another.'}3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 2 , whereinin general formula (1),{'sup': 1', '4', '1', '4, 'Rand Reach represent a hydrogen atom, or Rand Reach represent a methyl group, and'}{'sup': 2', '5', '3', '6, 'Rand Reach represent a methyl group, and Rand Reach represent an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 3, or'}{'sup': 2', '3', '5', '6, 'Rand Rare bonded to one another to form a ring, representing a cyclohexylidene group, and Rand Rare bonded to one another to form a ring, representing a cyclohexylidene group.'}4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinin general formula (1),{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '1', '4', '2', '5', '3', '6, 'R, R, R, R, R, and Reach represent a chemical group which satisfies at least one of a first condition that Rand Rare different from one another, a second condition that Rand Rare different from one another, and a third condition that Rand Rare different from one another.'}5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinin general ...

Tubular metal body and electrophotographic photoreceptor

A tubular metal body includes a tubular part having an opening at one end in an axis direction; and a bottom part disposed at another end of the tubular part in the axis direction. The ratio (Rz1/Rz2) of a surface roughness Rz1 of an outer peripheral surface of the bottom part to a surface roughness Rz2 of an outer peripheral surface of a center portion of the tubular part in the axis direction is in a range of 2 or more and 4000 or less. A Vickers hardness HV1 of the outer peripheral surface of the bottom part is 5 HV or more and 27 HV or less smaller than a Vickers hardness HV2 of the outer peripheral surface of the center portion of the tubular part in the axis direction.

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOCONDUCTOR, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF, AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive support; a charge generation layer provided on the conductive support; and a charge transport layer containing a charge transport material, a binder resin, and a highly branched polymer having a long-chain alkyl group or an alicyclic group, provided on the charge generation layer as an outermost layer. The electrophotographic photoconductor has excellent contamination resistance against sebum or the like, stable electrical characteristics even upon repeated use, as well as superior transfer resistance and gas resistance. A method for producing the electrophotographic photoconductor is disclosed, as well as an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photoconductor. 1. An electrophotographic photoconductor , comprising:a conductive support;a charge generation layer provided on the conductive support; anda charge transport layer containing a charge transport material, a binder resin, and a highly branched polymer having a long-chain alkyl group or an alicyclic group, provided on the charge generation layer as an outermost layer.2. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein the highly branched polymer is obtained by polymerizing a monomer (A) and a monomer (B) in the presence of an azo-based polymerization initiator (C) claim 1 , the monomer (A) having claim 1 , in a molecule claim 1 , two or more radically polymerizable double bonds claim 1 , and the monomer (B) having claim 1 , in a molecule claim 1 , an alkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms or an alicyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms claim 1 , and at least one radically polymerizable double bond.4. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 2 , wherein the azo-based polymerization initiator (C) is 2 claim 2 ,2′-azobis(2 claim 2 ,4-dimethyl valeronitrile) or dimethyl 1 claim 2 ,1′-azobis(1-cyclohexanecarboxylate).5. The electrophotographic photoconductor according to claim 1 , wherein ...

ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MEMBER, PROCESS CARTRIDGE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An electrophotographic photosensitive member () includes a conductive substrate () and a photosensitive layer (). The photosensitive layer () is a single-layer photosensitive layer () and contains a charge generating material, a hole transport material, an electron transport material, and a binder resin. The binder resin includes a polyarylate resin represented by general formula (1). 2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinin general formula (1), X and Y each represent, independently of one another, the divalent group represented by chemical formula (2A), chemical formula (2B), or chemical formula (2D).3. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 2 , whereinin general formula (1), X represents the divalent group represented by chemical formula (2D), and Y represents the divalent group represented by chemical formula (2A) or chemical formula (2B).4. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'in general formula (1), Q, Q, Q, and Qeach represent a methyl group.'}5. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinin general formula (1), r, s, t, and u each represent, independently of one another, a number greater than or equal to 20 and less than or equal to 30.7. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinthe hole transport material is represented by general formula (HTM1), general formula (HTM2), or general formula (HTM6).8. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1 , whereinin general formula (HTM1), a1 and a3 each represent 1, and a2 and a4 each represent 0,{'sup': 5', '6', '7', '8, 'in general formula (HTM2), Rand Reach represent, independently of one another, an alkyl group having a carbon number of at least 1 and no greater than 6, and Rand Reach represent a hydrogen atom,'}in general formula (HTM3), b1 and b3 each represent 1, and b2 and b4 each represent 0 ...

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, production method therefor, process cartridge, and electrophotographic image-forming apparatus

Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that suppresses image smearing at the time of its repeated use, and expresses satisfactory wear resistance and electric characteristics. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer in the stated order, wherein a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymer of a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a specific compound having maleimide groups.

PROCESS CARTRIDGE AND ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS

Provided is a process cartridge including: an electrophotographic photoreceptor; a charging unit configured to charge the electrophotographic photoreceptor through abutment against the electrophotographic photoreceptor; a developing unit configured to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a toner to form a toner image; and a cleaning unit configured to remove the toner on the electrophotographic photoreceptor by bringing a blade into abutment against the electrophotographic photoreceptor, wherein the toner includes a toner base containing a coloring agent and a binder resin, and has a surface layer containing an organosilicon polymer having a specific sticking ratio to a toner base, and wherein the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a supporting member and a surface layer, and the surface layer has a specific universal hardness value and a specific elastic deformation ratio (We). 1. A process cartridge comprising:an electrophotographic photoreceptor;a charging unit configured to charge the electrophotographic photoreceptor through abutment against the electrophotographic photoreceptor;a developing unit configured to develop an electrostatic latent image formed on the electrophotographic photoreceptor with a toner to form a toner image; anda cleaning unit configured to remove the toner on the electrophotographic photoreceptor by bringing a blade into abutment against the electrophotographic photoreceptor, whereinthe toner includes a toner base containing a coloring agent and a binder resin, and has a surface layer containing an organosilicon polymer, and the organosilicon polymer has a sticking ratio to a toner base of 85 to 99.0% or less, and{'sup': '2', 'the electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a supporting member and a surface layer having a universal hardness value of 210 to 250 N/mmand an elastic deformation ratio of 37 to 52%.'}4. The process cartridge according to claim 1 , wherein the surface ...

Electrophotographic receptor

Imaging member

A charge transport layer for an imaging member comprising a photogenerating layer, (1) a first charge transport layer comprised of a charge transport component and a resin binder, and thereover and in contact with the first layer (2) a second top charge transport layer comprised of a charge transport component, and a polymer of a styrene containing hindered phenol. The charge transport layer exhibits excellent wear resistance, excellent electrical performance, and outstanding print quality.

Imaging members

An imaging member having a charge transport layer with multiple regions or layers is provided. The charge transport layer includes at least two charge transport layers coated from solutions of different components and concentrations, wherein the second (top) transport layer comprises a lower concentration of different charge transport compound than the first (bottom) charge transport layer. The charge transport compound included in the second (top) charge transport layer is a high mobility hole transport compound. The charge transport compound in each layer is dissolved or molecularly dispersed in an electrically inactive film forming polymer to form a solid solution. In such a construction, the resulting dual charge transport layer exhibits enhanced cracking suppression, improves wear resistance, provides excellent imaging member electrical performance, and delivers improved print quality.

Imaging member

The presently disclosed embodiments are directed to charge transport layers useful in electrostatography. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to an improved electrostatographic imaging member having a charge transport layer that is partially crosslinked, wherein the crosslinking is achieved by incorporating a small amount of compatible thermalsetting resins into the layer. Incorporation of these resins have been shown to increase charge transport life.

Imaging member having nano polymeric gel particles in various layers

Imaging members useful in electrostatographic apparatuses, including printers, copiers, other reproductive devices, and digital apparatuses. More particularly, imaging members having nano polymeric gel particles embedded into one or more layers of the imaging member that provide for increased mechanical strength and improved wear.

Imaging members having electrically and mechanically tuned imaging layers

An electrophotographic imaging member which has improved imaging layer(s) formulated to comprise a charge transport compound and a polymer blended binder to render photoelectrical stability, tune-ability, and surface contact friction reduction for providing service life extension. The polymer blended binder used in the imaging layer(s) is a binary polymer blend binder consisting of: (1) an A-B diblock copolymer and a bisphenol polycarbonate and a low surface energy polysiloxane/polycarbonate random copolymer and (2) an A-B diblock copolymer and a low surface energy graft polysiloxane/polycarbonate copolymer.

Imaging member having a dual charge transport layer

An imaging member having a charge transport layer with multiple regions or layers is provided. The charge transport layer includes at least two charge transport layers coated from solutions of different components and concentrations, wherein the second (top) transport layer comprises a lower concentration of different charge transport compound than the first (bottom) charge transport layer. The charge transport compound included in the second (top) charge transport layer is a high mobility hole transport compound. The charge transport compound in each layer is dissolved or molecularly dispersed in an electrically inactive film forming polymer to form a solid solution. In such a construction, the resulting dual charge transport layer exhibits enhanced cracking suppression, improves wear resistance, provides excellent imaging member electrical performance, and delivers improved print quality.

Imaging member

A charge transport layer for an imaging member comprising a photogenerating layer, (1) a first charge transport layer comprised of a charge transport component and a resin binder, and thereover and in contact with the first layer (2) a second top charge transport layer comprised of a charge transport component, and a polymer of a styrene containing hindered phenol. The charge transport layer exhibits excellent wear resistance, excellent electrical performance, and outstanding print quality.

Imaging member having nano polymeric gel particles in various layers

Imaging members useful in electrostatographic apparatuses, including printers, copiers, other reproductive devices, and digital apparatuses. More particularly, imaging members having nano polymeric gel particles embedded into one or more layers of the imaging member that provide for increased mechanical strength and improved wear.

Imaging member having nano polymeric gel particles in various layers

Imaging members useful in electrostatographic apparatuses, including printers, copiers, other reproductive devices, and digital apparatuses. More particularly, imaging members having nano polymeric gel particles embedded into one or more layers of the imaging member that provide for increased mechanical strength and improved wear.

Imaging member having nano polymeric gel particles in various layers

Imaging members useful in electrostatographic apparatuses, including printers, copiers, other reproductive devices, and digital apparatuses. More particularly, imaging members having nano polymeric gel particles embedded into one or more layers of the imaging member that provide for increased mechanical strength and improved wear.

Imaging member

The presently disclosed embodiments are directed to charge transport layers useful in electrostatography. More particularly, the embodiments pertain to an improved electrostatographic imaging member having a charge transport layer that is partially crosslinked, wherein the crosslinking is achieved by incorporating a small amount of compatible thermalsetting resins into the layer. Incorporation of these resins have been shown to increase charge transport life.

Imaging members having electrically and mechanically tuned imaging layers

An electrophotographic imaging member which has improved imaging layer(s) formulated to comprise a charge transport compound and a polymer blended binder to render photoelectrical stability, tune-ability, and surface contact friction reduction for providing service life extension. The polymer blended binder used in the imaging layer(s) is a binary polymer blend binder consisting of: (1) an A-B diblock copolymer and a bisphenol polycarbonate and a low surface energy polysiloxane/polycarbonate random copolymer and (2) an A-B diblock copolymer and a low surface energy graft polysiloxane/polycarbonate copolymer.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, image forming method using the same, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge for image forming apparatus

Electrophotographic sensitive body

Organic photosensitive body

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Electrophotoreceptor using styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer as the polymeric binder

An electrophotoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate, a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer wherein the charge transport layer comprises a polymeric binder and a charge transport material. The improvement resides in that a copolymer of styrene and maleic acid is used as the binder in the charge transport material. The photoreceptor exhibits improved sensitivity, residual potential, durability and reproducibility.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member and electrophotographic apparatus, device unit and facsimile machine using the same

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a support and a photosensitive layer provided thereon. The photosensitive layer fulfilling at least one of the following conditions (A) and (B): (A) containing a polymerization product of a monomer having a reactive group represented by the following Formula (1): —O—(—CH 2 —) n —CH═CH—R 0   (1);  and (B) containing a copolymerization product of a monomer having a reactive group represented by the following Formula (2): —O—CH═CH 2   (2) with a charge-transporting material having a reactive group capable of reacting with the monomer.

Imaging members

Novel surface layers for photoreceptors are provided. The surface layers are a polymeric composition including a resin and a cyclic polymer.

Imaging member

An electrostatographic imaging member formulated with a liquid carbonate is provided. The imaging electrostatographic member exhibits improved service life.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image formation device

【課題】電荷輸送物質が低含有量であっても、電気特性や画像特性に優れ、環境の変動による特性の変化が小さく、劣化の少ない高耐久性を有する電子写真感光体、および該感光体を有する画像形成装置を提供する。 【解決手段】導電性支持体上に、電荷輸送層および電荷発生層を有する電子写真感光体において、該電荷輸送層が、下記一般式（１）で表される電荷輸送物質を含有し、該電荷発生層が、ＣｕＫα特性Ｘ線（波長１．５４１Å）に対するブラッグ角（２θ±０．２°）９．５°、２４．１°および２７．２°に主たる回折ピークを有するオキシチタニウムフタロシアニンであることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。 （一般式（１）において、Ａｒ １ は置換基を有してもよいアリーレン基、Ａｒ ２ 〜Ａｒ ５ は置換基を有してもよいアリール基を表し、ｎは３〜６の整数を表す） 【選択図】図１

Imaging member

An imaging member is disclosed with a charge transport layer comprising a terphenyl diamine having the structure of Formula (I): wherein R 1 is a methyl group (—CH 3 ) in the ortho, meta, or para position and R 2 is a butyl group (—C 4 H 9 ).

Imaging member

An imaging member is disclosed with a charge transport layer comprising a dimethyl terphenyl diamine having the structure of Formula (I): wherein n is an integer from 0 to about 18. The resulting imaging member has enhanced performance properties.

Terphenyl compound, electrophotographic photosensitive member, and method for producing terphenyl compound

A compound is represented by general formula (1). In general formula (1), R 1 and R 2 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and a sum of the number of carbon atoms of the chemical group represented by R 1 and the number of carbon atoms of the chemical group represented by R 2 is 2. R 3 and R 4 each represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and a sum of the number of carbon atoms of the chemical group represented by R 3 and the number of carbon atoms of the chemical group represented by R 1 is 2. A photosensitive layer of an electrophotographic photosensitive member contains at least a charge generating material, a hole transport material, and a binder resin. The hole transport material includes a compound represented by general formula (1)

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming apparatus

The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor having an electroconductive substrate, and a charge transport layer and a charge generation layer formed on the substrate, characterized in that the charge transport layer contains a charge transport material represented by formula (1) and a binder resin, and the mass ratio of the charge transport material to the binder resin is from 5/100 to 45/100: wherein Ar 1 is an arylene group which may have a substituent; each of Ar 2 , Ar 3 , Ar 4 and Ar 5 is an aryl group which may have a substituent; and n is an integer of from 3 to 6.

Electrophotographic recording material

Electrophotographic photoreceptor having epoxy compounds in the charge generator layer

The invention relates to a double-layered electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support, a carrier generation layer provided on the conductive support, and a carrier transport layer provided on the carrier generation layer. The carrier generation layer contains a generation material, which generates carrier upon absorption of light, and a compound having an epoxy group. The carrier transport layer contains a carrier transport material which transports the generated carrier. This photoreceptor has excellent pre-exposure properties and durability for repeated use.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor and coating composition for charge generating layer

An object of the invention is to obtain an electrophotographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity, high image quality, high stability and high resolution. A charge generating layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains, as a charge generating substance, a crystalline titanyl phthalocyanine composition exhibiting, in an X-ray diffraction spectrum of a CuKα characteristic X-ray (wavelength: 1.5418 Å), at least four diffraction peaks at Bragg angles (2θ±0.2°) of 10.0° or lower, and a diffraction peak at a Bragg angle of 27.2° having an intensity smaller than the maximum diffraction intensity of the four diffraction peaks, or a lowly crystalline titanyl phthalocyanine composition exhibiting a diffraction peak having the maximum diffraction intensity at a Bragg angle (2θ±0.2°) of 27.3°. A charge transporting layer of the electrophotographic photoreceptor contains, as a charge transporting substance, a bisamine compound.

Electrophotographic receptor

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Imaging member

Disclosed is an imaging member comprising a conductive substrate, a photogenerating layer comprising a photogenerating material in contact with the substrate, a first charge transport layer in contact with the photogenerating layer, the first charge transport layer comprising a charge transport material and a polymer containing carboxylic acid groups or groups capable of forming carboxylic acid groups, and a second charge transport layer in contact with the first charge transport layer, the second charge transport layer comprising a charge transport material and a hydroquinone antioxidant, wherein the first charge transport layer is situated between the second charge transport layer and the photogenerating layer.

Imaging member

Disclosed is an imaging member comprising a conductive substrate, a photogenerating layer comprising a photogenerating material in contact with the substrate, and a charge transport layer in contact with the photogenerating layer, the charge transport layer comprising a charge transport material, a polymer containing carboxylic acid groups or groups capable of forming carboxylic acid groups, and a hydroquinone antioxidant, wherein the photogenerating layer is situated between the charge transport layer and the conductive substrate.