Soot sensor

A soot sensor for the detection of soot particles in an exhaust gas flow, having interdigitally engaged measurement electrodes applied on a substrate. An electrical resistance between the measurement electrodes is a measure of soot load of the exhaust gas flow. The measurement electrodes are divided into two regions, a first region in which no soot particles can be deposited and a second region where soot particles are deposited from the exhaust gas flow. The first region and the second region are exposed simultaneously to the other conditions prevailing in the exhaust gas flow.

TRANSISTOR WITH EMBEDDED SI/GE MATERIAL HAVING REDUCED OFFSET TO THE CHANNEL REGION

A strain-inducing semiconductor alloy may be formed on the basis of cavities which may have a non-rectangular shape, which may be maintained even during corresponding high temperature treatments by providing an appropriate protection layer, such as a silicon dioxide material. Consequently, a lateral offset of the strain-inducing semiconductor material may be reduced, while nevertheless providing a sufficient thickness of corresponding offset spacers during the cavity etch process, thereby preserving gate electrode integrity. For instance, P-channel transistors may have a silicon/germanium alloy with a hexagonal shape, thereby significantly enhancing the overall strain transfer efficiency.

Integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits with capping layers between metal contacts and interconnects

Integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, an integrated circuit includes a metal contact structure, an electrically conductive capping layer formed on the metal contact structure, and a conductive via electrically connected to the metal contact structure through the electrically conductive capping layer.

Process Flow to Reduce Hole Defects in P-Active Regions and to Reduce Across-Wafer Threshold Voltage Scatter

Disclosed herein is a method of forming a semiconductor device. In one example, the method comprises performing at least one etching process to reduce a thickness of a P-active region of a semiconducting substrate to thereby define a recessed P-active region, performing a process in a process chamber to selectively form an as-deposited layer of a semiconductor material on the recessed P-active region, wherein the step of performing the at least one etching process is performed outside of the process chamber, and performing an etching process in the process chamber to reduce a thickness of the as-deposited layer of semiconductor material.

Integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits with capping layers between metal contacts and interconnects

Integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method for fabricating integrated circuits includes forming a metal contact structure that is electrically connected to a device. A capping layer is selectively formed on the metal contact structure, and an interlayer dielectric material is deposited over the capping layer. A metal hard mask is deposited and patterned over the interlayer dielectric material to define an exposed region of the interlayer dielectric material. The method etches the exposed region of the interlayer dielectric material to expose at least a portion of the capping layer. The method includes removing the metal hard mask with an etchant while the capping layer physically separates the metal contact structure from the etchant. A metal is deposited to form a conductive via electrically connected to the metal contact structure through the capping layer.

Use of 1-nonen-3-one as a flavouring agent

Prevention of ILD Loss in Replacement Gate Technologies by Surface Treatmen

When forming sophisticated high-k metal gate electrode structures on the basis of a replacement gate approach, pronounced loss of the interlayer dielectric material may be avoided by inserting at least one surface modification process, for instance in the form of a nitridation process. In this manner, leakage paths caused by metal residues formed in the interlayer dielectric material may be significantly reduced. 1. A method , comprising:forming a dielectric layer above a gate electrode structure of a transistor, said gate electrode structure comprising a placeholder material;performing a planarization process so as to remove a portion of said dielectric layer and provide a planarized surface;performing a surface modification process so as to increase at least an etch resistivity of said planarized surface of said dielectric layer;exposing a top surface of said placeholder material; andperforming an etch process so as to remove said placeholder material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said planarization process is performed so as to expose said top surface of said placeholder material.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said gate electrode structure comprises a dielectric cap layer formed above said placeholder material and wherein performing said planarization process results in preserving a portion of said dielectric cap layer.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein performing said surface modification process results in a surface layer of increased etch resistivity forming an interface with material of said dielectric layer claim 3 , wherein a height level of said interface is below a height level of an interface formed between said portion of said dielectric cap layer and said placeholder material.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising performing a second planarization process so as to expose said top surface in the presence of said surface layer of increased etch resistivity.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing said surface modification process ...

Reduction of threshold voltage variation in transistors comprising a channel semiconductor alloy by reducing deposition non-uniformities

A threshold adjusting semiconductor material, such as a silicon/germanium alloy, may be provided selectively for one type of transistors on the basis of enhanced deposition uniformity. For this purpose, the semiconductor alloy may be deposited on the active regions of any transistors and may subsequently be patterned on the basis of a highly controllable patterning regime. Consequently, threshold variability may be reduced.

Magnetized nut for fastening a compressor wheel of an exhaust turbocharger to the turbo shaft, and method for the production thereof

A magnetized nut for fastening a compressor wheel of an exhaust turbocharger to a turbo shaft. The nut has a base body made of a non-magnetic material forming a hollow space for accommodating a magnetic material, and a method for the production of the magnetized nut. In order to provide a magnetized nut that is produced in a simple and cost-effective manner and ensures as equal a distribution of mass as possible with regard to the rotational axis of the nut, the magnetic material is introduced into the hollow space using injection molding.

TMAH RECESS FOR SILICON GERMANIUM IN POSITIVE CHANNEL REGION FOR CMOS DEVICE

CMOS devices are enhanced by forming a recess in the positive channel for depositing SiGe. Embodiments include providing a positive channel region and a negative channel region in a silicon substrate for a CMOS device, with an STI region therebetween; removing a native oxide from above the positive channel region to expose a silicon substrate; forming a recess in the silicon substrate in the positive channel region adjacent the STI region; and depositing SiGe in the recess in the positive channel region, where an upper surface of the SiGe is substantially level with an upper surface of the negative channel region. 1. A method comprising:providing a positive channel region and a negative channel region in a silicon substrate for a CMOS device, with a shallow trench isolation (STI) region therebetween;removing a native oxide from above the positive channel region to expose a silicon substrate;forming a recess in the silicon substrate in the positive channel region adjacent the STI region; anddepositing silicon germanium (SiGe) in the recess in the positive channel region,wherein an upper surface of the SiGe is substantially level with an upper surface of the negative channel region.2. The method according to claim 1 , comprising forming the recess using an etching solution that does not etch the STI region.3. The method according to claim 1 , comprising forming recess in the positive channel region using a tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the TMAH solution contains a concentration of 1% to 100% TMAH.5. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the TMAH solution contains a concentration of 10% to 25% TMAH.6. The method according to claim 4 , comprising forming the recess by applying the TMAH solution at a temperature within a range of 25° C. to 100° C. for a time within a range of 10 seconds to 60 seconds.7. The method according to claim 1 , comprising removing the native oxide from above the positive channel ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DELIVERING PRESSURIZED FLUID TO A TARGET SITE ALONE OR IN CONJUNCTION WITH THERAPEUTIC AGENTS

A system suitable for delivering a therapeutic agent to a target site includes: a container for holding a therapeutic agent; a pressure source having pressurized fluid, the pressure source in selective fluid communication with at least a portion of the container; a catheter in selective fluid communication with the container and configured for delivery of the therapeutic agent or delivery of the pressurized fluid without the therapeutic agent to a target site; a first valve connected between the pressure source and the container; and a housing configured to securely retain the container and rotationally support a button, wherein the button is configured to selectively actuate the first valve to deliver the therapeutic agent or deliver the pressurized fluid without the therapeutic agent.

REDUCING COPPER DEFECTS DURING A WET CHEMICAL CLEANING OF EXPOSED COPPER SURFACES IN A METALLIZATION LAYER OF A SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

By exposing a wet chemical cleaning solution, such as hydrofluoric acid, to a pressurized inert gas ambient prior to applying the solution to patterned dielectric materials of semiconductor devices, the incorporation of oxygen into the liquid during storage and application may be significantly reduced. For instance, by generating a substantially saturated state in the pressurized inert gas ambient, a substantially oversaturated state may be achieved during the application of the liquid in ambient air, thereby enhancing efficiency of the treatment, for instance, by reducing the amount of material removal of exposed copper surfaces after trench patterning, without requiring sophisticated modifications of process chambers.

Method For Evaluating the State of A Soot Sensor In A Motor Vehicle

A method for performing on-board functional diagnostics on a soot sensor of a vehicle and/or for detecting further components in the soot in a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine. The soot sensor is electrically connected to an evaluation circuit with is permanently installed in the motor vehicle. In order to specify a method for performing functional diagnostics on a soot sensor and/or for detecting further components in the soot, with which method it is possible to detect a faulty soot sensor and/or further components in the soot in a cost-effective way, the evaluation circuit measures the temperature coefficient of the soot sensor and detects the defectiveness of the soot sensor and/or the presence of further components in the soot on the basis of the temperature coefficient of the soot sensor.

Transistor with embedded Si/Ge material having reduced offset to the channel region

A strain-inducing semiconductor alloy may be formed on the basis of cavities which may have a non-rectangular shape, which may be maintained even during corresponding high temperature treatments by providing an appropriate protection layer, such as a silicon dioxide material. Consequently, a lateral offset of the strain-inducing semiconductor material may be reduced, while nevertheless providing a sufficient thickness of corresponding offset spacers during the cavity etch process, thereby preserving gate electrode integrity. For instance, P-channel transistors may have a silicon/germanium alloy with a hexagonal shape, thereby significantly enhancing the overall strain transfer efficiency.

Element for Generating a Magnetic Field

An element for generating a magnetic field, having an annular frame for receiving an annular magnet which rotates with a turboshaft. The magnet is mounted in the frame such that the frame stabilizes and guides the magnet mechanically. In order to specify an element for generating a magnetic field which reliably fixes and guides the magnet, the magnet is connected to the frame by at least one spot weld.

Soot Sensor

A soot sensor for the detection of soot particles in an exhaust gas flow, having interdigitally engaged measurement electrodes applied on a substrate. An electrical resistance between the measurement electrodes is a measure of soot load of the exhaust gas flow. The measurement electrodes are divided into two regions, a first region in which no soot particles can be deposited and a second region where soot particles are deposited from the exhaust gas flow. The first region and the second region are exposed simultaneously to the other conditions prevailing in the exhaust gas flow.

Reducing copper defects during a wet chemical cleaning of exposed copper surfaces in a metallization layer of a semiconductor device

A method for treating a semiconductor device includes dissolving an inert gas species in a wet chemical cleaning solution and treating a material layer of a semiconductor device with the wet chemical cleaning solution in ambient atmosphere. The inert gas species is oversaturated in the wet chemical cleaning solution in the ambient atmosphere.

Embedded sigma-shaped semiconductor alloys formed in transistors by applying a uniform oxide layer prior to cavity etching

When forming sophisticated transistors requiring an embedded semiconductor alloy, the cavities may be formed with superior uniformity on the basis of, for instance, crystallographically anisotropic etch steps by providing a uniform oxide layer in order to reduce process related fluctuations or queue time variations. The uniform oxide layer may be formed on the basis of an APC control regime.

Protection of reactive metal surfaces of semiconductor devices during shipping by providing an additional protection layer

When forming complex metallization systems on the basis of copper, the very last metallization layer may receive contact regions on the basis of copper, the surface of which may be passivated on the basis of a dedicated protection layer, which may thus allow the patterning of the passivation layer stack prior to shipping the device to a remote manufacturing site. Hence, the protected contact surface may be efficiently re-exposed in the remote manufacturing site on the basis of an efficient non-masked wet chemical etch process.

SOFT TUBE GRIPPER FOR PUNCHING

A gripper for gripping a tube for punching may include a first arm having a lower portion and an upper portion disposed outwardly from an upper surface of the lower portion. The upper portion extends to opposite first and second side surfaces and opposite third and fourth side surfaces, where opposite edges of the first and second side surfaces each meet an edge of one of the opposite third and fourth side surfaces. The second side surface includes a groove extending from the second side surface towards the first side surface and along a length of the second side surface. The groove is configured to receive at least a portion of a tube when a second arm like the first arm is disposed adjacent to and aligned with the first arm. 1. A gripper for gripping a tube for punching , comprising:a first arm including a lower portion and an upper portion disposed outwardly from an upper surface of the lower portion,wherein the upper portion extends to opposite first and second side surfaces and opposite third and fourth side surfaces,wherein opposite edges of the first and second side surfaces each meet an edge of one of the opposite third and fourth side surfaces,wherein the second side surface includes a groove extending from the second side surface towards the first side surface and along a length of the second side surface, andwherein the groove is configured to receive at least a portion of a tube when a second arm like the first arm is disposed adjacent to and aligned with the first arm.2. The gripper of claim 1 , wherein when the second arm is disposed adjacent to and aligned with the first arm claim 1 , the second arm is positioned such that a second side surface of the second arm is adjacent to the second side surface of the first arm claim 1 , with the third side surface of the first arm extending along a same plane with a fourth side surface of the second arm claim 1 , and the fourth side surface of the first arm extending along a same plane with a third side surface ...

Method And Device For Operating A Particle Sensor

A particle sensor arranged in an exhaust duct such that particles from the exhaust-gas flow accumulate on and/or between at least two sensor electrodes when a voltage greater than a limit voltage is applied between the two sensor electrodes and substantially no particles accumulate if the voltage is lower than the limit voltage. During a first time period, a first voltage greater than the limit voltage is applied between the sensor electrodes. During a second time period, a second voltage, lower than the limit voltage, is applied between the sensor electrodes, and/or the particle sensor is heated to a predefined temperature, such that substantially no particles accumulate on and/or between the at least two sensor electrodes. Following the second time period, a third voltage greater than the limit voltage is applied between the sensor electrodes. 1. A method for operating a particle sensor arranged in an exhaust duct of an internal combustion engine having a sensor support and at least two sensor electrodes arranged on one side of the sensor support that are exposed to an exhaust-gas flow in the exhaust duct such that particles from the exhaust-gas flow accumulate to an appreciable extent at least one of on and between the at least two sensor electrodes when a voltage greater than a predefined limit voltage is applied between the two sensor electrodes and substantially no particles accumulate if the voltage is lower than the limit voltage , the method comprising:applying a predefined first voltage greater than the predefined limit voltage is applied between the sensor electrodes during a predefined first time period; applying a predefined second voltage lower than the predefined limit voltage between the sensor electrodes during a predefined second time period which directly follows the first time period; and', 'heating the particle sensor to a predefined temperature, such that substantially no particles from the exhaust-gas flow accumulate at least one of on and ...

EMBEDDED SIGMA-SHAPED SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS FORMED IN TRANSISTORS BY APPLYING A UNIFORM OXIDE LAYER PRIOR TO CAVITY ETCHING

When forming sophisticated transistors requiring an embedded semiconductor alloy, the cavities may be formed with superior uniformity on the basis of, for instance, crystallographically anisotropic etch steps by providing a uniform oxide layer in order to reduce process related fluctuations or queue time variations. The uniform oxide layer may be formed on the basis of an APC control regime.

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND METHODS FOR FABRICATING INTEGRATED CIRCUITS WITH CAPPING LAYERS BETWEEN METAL CONTACTS AND INTERCONNECTS

Integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, a method for fabricating integrated circuits includes forming a metal contact structure that is electrically connected to a device. A capping layer is selectively formed on the metal contact structure, and an interlayer dielectric material is deposited over the capping layer. A metal hard mask is deposited and patterned over the interlayer dielectric material to define an exposed region of the interlayer dielectric material. The method etches the exposed region of the interlayer dielectric material to expose at least a portion of the capping layer. The method includes removing the metal hard mask with an etchant while the capping layer physically separates the metal contact structure from the etchant. A metal is deposited to form a conductive via electrically connected to the metal contact structure through the capping layer. 111-. (canceled)12. A method for fabricating integrated circuits , the method comprising:forming a metal structure including a first metal over a semiconductor substrate;depositing a capping layer on the metal structure;forming a metal pattern over the capping layer, wherein the first metal and the metal pattern comprise the same metal;forming an aperture to the capping layer using the metal pattern as a mask; andremoving the metal pattern with an etchant.13. The method of wherein depositing a capping layer comprises selectively depositing an electroless plated capping layer.14. The method of wherein depositing a capping layer comprises selectively depositing an electroless plated conductive layer.15. The method of wherein depositing a capping layer comprises depositing an electroless plated capping layer having a thickness of about 2 nanometers (nm) to about 5 nm.16. The method of further comprising:depositing a passivation layer on the capping layer; anddepositing an interlayer dielectric material on the passivation layer, wherein ...

Sensor for determining measured variables which are suitable for controlling an air-conditioning system and other apparatuses which influence the climate of an area

Sensor for determining measured variables which are suitable for controlling an air-conditioning system and other apparatuses which influence the climate of an area, including a motor vehicle, has a single sensor housing and a printed circuit board which is equipped with sensor elements for determining the measured variables and with electronic components for processing electrical signals produced by the sensor elements, as a function of the measured variables. In the sensor, at least one light-sensitive sensor element and one gas-sensitive sensor element are arranged in the single sensor housing.

Power supply line data transmission

A transmitter and a receiver for transmitting and receiving data via a power supply line comprise a local signal port for respectively receiving and transmitting a serial bit stream and a power line connection port for respectively transmitting a radio frequency signal and receiving the radio frequency signal via the power supply line. The transmitter comprises a modulator unit adapted for encoding the serial bit stream into a baseband signal and generating the radio frequency signal by mixing the baseband signal with a carrier wave so as to redundantly convey the at least one baseband signal in at least four spectral sidebands of the carrier wave. The receiver comprises a demodulator unit adapted for detecting the at least four spectral sidebands of the carrier wave in the radio frequency signal, isolating a baseband signal from the at least four spectral sidebands and decoding the baseband signal into the serial bit stream.

Device for Controlling an Air Conducting Element in a Motor Vehicle

The invention relates to a device and a method for controlling at least one air conducting element (15) in a motor vehicle. Said device comprises a first gas sensor (51) and a second gas sensor (52) which generate signals in accordance with the harmful gas concentration in the ambient air. An output signal that is used for triggering the air conducting element is generated with the aid of a signal evaluation unit. The aim of the invention is to create a method and a device which are used for controlling an air conducting element, accurately detect and distinguish the different development of harmful gas concentrations in the atmosphere and trigger the air conducting elements accordingly, and are embodied in an inexpensive, reliable, and durable manner. Said aim is achieved by configuring an electronic decision unit (4) that determines which of the two sensor signals is fed to a single signal evaluation unit during the current interval.

SUPERIOR FILL CONDITIONS IN A REPLACEMENT GATE APPROACH BY CORNER ROUNDING PRIOR TO COMPLETELY REMOVING A PLACEHOLDER MATERIAL

In a replacement gate approach, a superior cross-sectional shape of the gate opening may be achieved by performing a material erosion process in an intermediate state of removing the placeholder material. Consequently, the remaining portion of the placeholder material may efficiently protect the underlying sensitive materials, such as a high-k dielectric material, when performing the corner rounding process sequence.

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND METHODS FOR FABRICATING INTEGRATED CIRCUITS WITH CAPPING LAYERS BETWEEN METAL CONTACTS AND INTERCONNECTS

Integrated circuits and methods for fabricating integrated circuits are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, an integrated circuit includes a metal contact structure, an electrically conductive capping layer formed on the metal contact structure, and a conductive via electrically connected to the metal contact structure through the electrically conductive capping layer. 1. An integrated circuit comprising:a metal contact structure;an electrically conductive capping layer formed on the metal contact structure; anda conductive via electrically connected to the metal contact structure through the electrically conductive capping layer.2. The integrated circuit of wherein the electrically conductive capping layer has a thickness of about 2 nanometers (nm) to about 5 nm.3. The integrated circuit of wherein the electrically conductive capping layer is cobalt tungsten phosphide (CoWP) claim 1 , cobalt tungsten boride (CoWB) claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , nickel phosphide (NiP) claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , or platinum.4. The integrated circuit of further comprising a dielectric material formed around the metal contact structure claim 1 , wherein the dielectric material and the metal contact structure have co-planar upper surfaces.5. The integrated circuit of further comprising:a dielectric material formed around the metal contact structure, wherein the dielectric material and the metal contact structure have co-planar upper surfaces; anda passivation layer on the capping layer and the upper surface of the dielectric material, wherein the conductive via passes through the passivation layer.6. The integrated circuit of further comprising a dielectric material formed around the metal contact structure claim 1 , wherein the dielectric material and the metal contact structure have co-planar upper surfaces claim 1 , and wherein the capping material is not formed on the upper surface of the dielectric material.7. The integrated circuit of further comprising a ...

FORMING SEMICONDUCTOR RESISTORS IN A SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE COMPRISING METAL GATES BY INCREASING ETCH RESISTIVITY OF THE RESISTORS

In a replacement gate approach, the polysilicon material may be efficiently removed during a wet chemical etch process, while the semiconductor material in the resistive structures may be substantially preserved. For this purpose, a species such as xenon may be incorporated into the semiconductor material of the resistive structure, thereby imparting a significantly increased etch resistivity to the semiconductor material. The xenon may be incorporated at any appropriate manufacturing stage.

Indirect time of flight range calculation apparatus and method of calculating a phase angle in accordance with an indirect time of flight range calculation technique

An indirect time of flight range calculation apparatus comprises a light source, a photonic mixer that generates a plurality of output signals corresponding to a first plurality of phase values. A signal processor is also provided to calculate a first vector and a first angle from the first vector. The photonic mixer generates a second plurality of electrical output signals corresponding to a second plurality of phase values. Each phase value of the second plurality of phase values is respectively offset with respect to each phase value of the first plurality of phase values by a predetermined phase offset value. The signal processor processes the second plurality of electrical output signals in order to calculate a second vector, and de-rotates the second vector calculated and calculates a second angle from the de-rotated vector before offsetting the second angle against the first angle, thereby generating a corrected output angle.

Transmitter for power line communication

A transmitter device is provided for transmission of data via DC power distribution lines includes a sequence generator arranged for receiving a raw data bit stream to be transmitted over a positive and a negative DC power distribution line and for deriving a switching sequence based on the raw data bit stream, and a circuit including one or more capacitors and a plurality of switches controllable with the switching sequence derived in the sequence generator.

Measuring device for an electromechanical brake

A force sensor for an electromechanical brake has a closed ring having a C-shaped profile that is open inwardly. Force is introduced along the inner circumference of the ring.

Element which Generates a Magnetic Field

An element which generates a magnetic field for fastening a compressor wheel to a turboshaft of an exhaust-gas turbocharger, has a basic body and a thread. In order to specify an element which generates a magnetic field for fastening a compressor wheel to a turboshaft, which element generates as high a magnetic field strength as possible and nevertheless can absorb without damage the forces and the tightening torques which occur during fastening of the compressor wheel to the turboshaft, the entire basic body includes a magnetic material and a sleeve is arranged in the basic body, which sleeve includes a non-magnetic material and has the thread which can be screwed to a mating thread of the turboshaft.

METHOD FOR THE ON-BOARD FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSIS OF A SOOT SENSOR IN A MOTOR VEHICLE AND/OR FOR THE DETECTION OF FURTHER CONSTITUENTS IN THE SOOT

A method for on-vehicle functional diagnosis of a soot sensor and/or for detecting further components in the soot in a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, the soot sensor connected electrically to an evaluation circuit. To specify a method for functional diagnosis of a soot sensor and/or for detecting further components in the soot, by which it is possible to detect a faulty soot sensor and/or further components in the soot in an economical manner, the evaluation circuit measures a temperature coefficient of the soot sensor and detects the faultiness of the soot sensor and/or the presence of further components in the soot from the temperature coefficient of the soot sensor.

Element which Generates a Magnetic Field

An element which generates a magnetic field for securing a compressor wheel to a turboshaft of an exhaust-gas turbocharger, includes a base body that receives an annular-shaped magnet that rotates with the turboshaft. In order to provide an element which generates a magnetic field for securing a compressor wheel to a turboshaft of an exhaust-gas turbocharger, where the magnet is securely fixed and no change in the distribution of mass in the magnetic field occurs even when the magnet breaks, the magnet is connected in a force-fitting manner to the base body.

Method and device for operating a particle sensor

A particle sensor arranged in an exhaust duct such that particles from the exhaust-gas flow accumulate on and/or between at least two sensor electrodes when a voltage greater than a limit voltage is applied between the two sensor electrodes and substantially no particles accumulate if the voltage is lower than the limit voltage. During a first time period, a first voltage greater than the limit voltage is applied between the sensor electrodes. During a second time period, a second voltage, lower than the limit voltage, is applied between the sensor electrodes, and/or the particle sensor is heated to a predefined temperature, such that substantially no particles accumulate on and/or between the at least two sensor electrodes. Following the second time period, a third voltage greater than the limit voltage is applied between the sensor electrodes.

Process flow to reduce hole defects in P-active regions and to reduce across-wafer threshold voltage scatter

Disclosed herein is a method of forming a semiconductor device. In one example, the method comprises performing at least one etching process to reduce a thickness of a P-active region of a semiconducting substrate to thereby define a recessed P-active region, performing a process in a process chamber to selectively form an as-deposited layer of a semiconductor material on the recessed P-active region, wherein the step of performing the at least one etching process is performed outside of the process chamber, and performing an etching process in the process chamber to reduce a thickness of the as-deposited layer of semiconductor material.

METHOD FOR OPERATING A SOOT SENSOR

A method for operating a soot sensor in the exhaust gas tract of an internal combustion engine. The soot sensor includes an inter-digital electrode structure to which a measurement voltage is applied. Soot particles from the exhaust gas flow deposit themselves on the inter-digital electrode structure and an measuring current is evaluated as a measurement for the soot concentration of the soot sensor. A heating element for burning clean the inter-digital electrode structure is provided. The method for operating the soot sensor has good measurement results and the shortest possible idle time. To this end, a point in time for burning clean the soot sensor is determined in accordance with the operational state of the internal combustion engine and then, the burning clean of the inter-digital electrode structure starts by heating the soot sensor by the heating element. 18.-. (canceled)9. A method for operating a carbon particulate sensor in an exhaust gas tract of an internal combustion engine , wherein the carbon particulate sensor includes an interleaved finger electrode structure and a heating element configured to burn clean the interleaved finger electrode structure , the method comprising:applying a measuring voltage to the interleaved finger electrode structure;measuring a current that flows over carbon particulates from an exhaust gas flow that deposit themselves on the interleaved finger electrode structure;evaluating the interleaved finger electrode structure as a measurement for carbon particulate concentration of the carbon particulate sensor;ascertaining a point in time at which the carbon particulate sensor is to be burned clean based at least in part on an operating status of the internal combustion engine; andcommencing a process for burning clean the interleaved finger electrode structure by heating the carbon particulate sensor using the heating element.10. The method for operating the carbon particulate sensor as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the carbon ...

Pressure sensor device

A pressure sensor device is described that has a diaphragm acted upon by a working medium, on a first side, and a sensor chip, which is disposed on a second side of the diaphragm that is remote from the working medium. There is formed in the sensor chip a measuring bridge having four sensor elements, which form two pairs disposed parallel, and the pairs are disposed at right angles to one another. The sensor elements are disposed such that they are closely spaced apart from one another in the edge region of the sensor chip that faces toward the central point of the diaphragm.

DIAGNOSTIC METHOD FOR A SOOT SENSOR

A diagnostic method for a soot sensor that lies in an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine. First, a first temperature in the exhaust gas system is detected, and it is determined whether the detected first temperature is below a 100° C. If this is the case, a first measured value is then detected with the soot sensor and compared with a specifiable threshold value. If the first measured value exceeds the specifiable threshold value, the soot sensor is determined to be operating properly. 15.-. (canceled)6. A diagnostic method for a soot sensor arranged in an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine , the method comprising:detecting a first temperature in the exhaust gas system; and detecting a first measured soot value with the soot sensor arranged in the exhaust gas system;', 'comparing the first measured soot value with a specifiable limit value; and', 'determining that the soot sensor is operating properly if the first measured soot value exceeds the specifiable limit value., 'determining if the detected first temperature is below 100° C., and if the detected first temperature is below 100° C.7. The diagnostic method for a soot sensor as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising:detecting a second temperature in the exhaust gas system; and detecting a second measured soot value with the soot sensor;', 'comparing the second measured soot value with the specifiable limit value; and', 'determining that the soot sensor is operating properly if the second measured soot value is below the specifiable limit value., 'determining whether the detected second temperature is over 100° C., and if the detected second temperature is below 100° C.8. The diagnostic method for a soot sensor as claimed in claim 7 , further comprising:detecting a third temperature; determining an operating state of the internal combustion engine;', 'detecting a third measured soot value with the soot sensor;', determining that a particulate filter in the exhaust gas system is ...

Method and device for measuring an effective normal force on a disk brake

A method and a device for measuring a normal force affecting a disk brake that is used particularly in motor vehicles. In order to further develop a device for measuring an effective normal force so as to significantly decrease the additional mounting space required in the area of a disk brake and reduce sensitivity to thermal influences, a shearing movement of a part of the disk brake relative to a reference is detected by a sensor such that a test signal-processing logic circuit can draw conclusions about an actually effective normal force based on a sensor test signal.

Method and device for measuring the soot load in the exhaust gas systems of diesel engines

A method and device for measuring the soot load in the exhaust gas systems of diesel engines using a sensor which is mounted downstream of a particulate filter and comprises a sensor element, to measure the operability of the particulate filter. According to the method, the soot load of the sensor element is measured resistively or capacitively using electrodes. The measuring voltage of the sensor element is controlled depending on at least one actual operating parameter of the diesel engine.

REDUCTION OF THRESHOLD VOLTAGE VARIATION IN TRANSISTORS COMPRISING A CHANNEL SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOY BY REDUCING DEPOSITION NON-UNIFORMITIES

A threshold adjusting semiconductor material, such as a silicon/germanium alloy, may be provided selectively for one type of transistors on the basis of enhanced deposition uniformity. For this purpose, the semiconductor alloy may be deposited on the active regions of any transistors and may subsequently be patterned on the basis of a highly controllable patterning regime. Consequently, threshold variability may be reduced.

Pressure sensor device

A pressure sensor device is described that has a diaphragm acted upon by a working medium, on a first side, and a sensor chip, which is disposed on a second side of the diaphragm that is remote from the working medium. There is formed in the sensor chip a measuring bridge having four sensor elements, which form two pairs disposed parallel, and the pairs are disposed at right angles to one another. The sensor elements are disposed such that they are closely spaced apart from one another in the edge region of the sensor chip that faces toward the central point of the diaphragm.

Method of forming CMOS device having gate insulation layers of different type and thickness

In the process sequence for replacing conventional gate electrode structures by high-k metal gate structures, the number of additional masking steps may be maintained at a low level, for instance by using highly selective etch steps, thereby maintaining a high degree of compatibility with conventional CMOS techniques. Furthermore, the techniques disclosed herein enable compatibility to front-end process techniques and back-end process techniques, thereby allowing the integration of well-established strain-inducing mechanisms in the transistor level as well as in the contact level.

Method for evaluating the state of a soot sensor in a motor vehicle

A method for performing on-board functional diagnostics on a soot sensor of a vehicle and/or for detecting further components in the soot in a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine. The soot sensor is electrically connected to an evaluation circuit with is permanently installed in the motor vehicle. In order to specify a method for performing functional diagnostics on a soot sensor and/or for detecting further components in the soot, with which method it is possible to detect a faulty soot sensor and/or further components in the soot in a cost-effective way, the evaluation circuit measures the temperature coefficient of the soot sensor and detects the defectiveness of the soot sensor and/or the presence of further components in the soot on the basis of the temperature coefficient of the soot sensor.

Method for the on-board functional diagnosis of a soot sensor in a motor vehicle and/or for the detection of further constituents in the soot

A method for on-vehicle functional diagnosis of a soot sensor and/or for detecting further components in the soot in a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine, the soot sensor connected electrically to an evaluation circuit. To specify a method for functional diagnosis of a soot sensor and/or for detecting further components in the soot, by which it is possible to detect a faulty soot sensor and/or further components in the soot in an economical manner, the evaluation circuit measures a temperature coefficient of the soot sensor and detects the faultiness of the soot sensor and/or the presence of further components in the soot from the temperature coefficient of the soot sensor.

Method And Device For Measuring The Soot Load In The Exhaust Gas Systems Of Diesel Engines

A method and device for measuring the soot load in the exhaust gas systems of diesel engines using a sensor which is mounted downstream of a particulate filter and comprises a sensor element, to measure the operability of the particulate filter. According to the method, the soot load of the sensor element is measured resistively or capacitively using electrodes. The measuring voltage of the sensor element is controlled depending on at least one actual operating parameter of the diesel engine. 19.-. (canceled)10. A method for measuring a soot load of an exhaust gas in an exhaust gas system of a diesel engine as a measure of functional capability of a particle filter using a sensor having a sensor element connected downstream of the particle filter , the method comprising:measuring the soot load one of resistively and capacitively using the sensor element, wherein electrodes are formed on the sensor element;applying a measurement voltage between the electrodes; andcontrolling the measurement voltage applied between the electrodes as a function of at least one instantaneous operating parameter of the diesel engine.11. The method as claimed in claim 10 , further comprising:calculating at least one of a moisture of the exhaust gas and a temperature of the exhaust gas based at least in part on the at least one instantaneous operating parameter of the diesel engine; andacquiring an optimum measurement voltage of the sensor element from the at least one of the moisture of the exhaust gas and the temperature of the exhaust gas.12. The method as claimed in claim 10 , further comprising:measuring a current across the electrodes;determining a value for the soot load from the current measured across the electrodes; andacquiring a value for soot concentration in the exhaust gas over a time profile of the measured current value.13. The method as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the electrodes have an inter-digital comb structure.14. A device for measuring a soot load in an exhaust ...

Use of 1-nonen-3-one for aroma/flavor enhancement

1-nonen-3-one is added to food, pharamaceutical, cosmetic and perfume compositions to flavor the products and so that they impart aroma. It is added particularly to dairy products and coffee extract for enhancing the aroma imparted by those compositions. The 1-nonen-3-one may be combined with other compounds which provide flavor and aroma, and the combined compounds are added to the compositions.

Magnetized Nut For Fastening a Compressor Wheel of an Exhaust Turbocharger to the Turbo Shaft, and Method for the Production Thereof

A magnetized nut for fastening a compressor wheel of an exhaust turbocharger to a turbo shaft. The nut has a base body made of a non-magnetic material forming a hollow space for accommodating a magnetic material, and a method for the production of the magnetized nut. In order to provide a magnetized nut that is produced in a simple and cost-effective manner and ensures as equal a distribution of mass as possible with regard to the rotational axis of the nut, the magnetic material is introduced into the hollow space using injection molding.

Agricultural Harvesting Vehicle

Harvesting vehicle, in particular forage harvester or combine harvester, comprising a mounting frame (10), wherein the mounting fame (10) is designed to couple an attachment to the mounting frame (10) and via the mounting frame (10) to the harvesting vehicle, and comprising a drive coupler (16) which engages with the mounting frame (10) and which is designed to form a drive connection between the attachment and the harvesting vehicle in order to transmit a drive power provided by the harvesting vehicle in the direction of the attachment, wherein the drive coupler (16) has a drive hub (17) which can be coupled to the harvesting vehicle, a coupling disk (19) which can be coupled to the attachment and a centering mandrel (22) which cooperates with the attachment, wherein the centering mandrel (22) is fixedly engaged with the coupling disk (19), a slide piece (24) which can be displaced in a translatory manner relative to the drive hub (17) is coupled fixedly in terms of rotation to the drive ...

PROTECTION OF REACTIVE METAL SURFACES OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES DURING SHIPPING BY PROVIDING AN ADDITIONAL PROTECTION LAYER

When forming complex metallization systems on the basis of copper, the very last metallization layer may receive contact regions on the basis of copper, the surface of which may be passivated on the basis of a dedicated protection layer, which may thus allow the patterning of the passivation layer stack prior to shipping the device to a remote manufacturing site. Hence, the protected contact surface may be efficiently re-exposed in the remote manufacturing site on the basis of an efficient non-masked wet chemical etch process.

CMOS DEVICE HAVING GATE INSULATION LAYERS OF DIFFERENT TYPE AND THICKNESS AND A METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME

In the process sequence for replacing conventional gate electrode structures by high-k metal gate structures, the number of additional masking steps may be maintained at a low level, for instance by using highly selective etch steps, thereby maintaining a high degree of compatibility with conventional CMOS techniques. Furthermore, the techniques disclosed herein enable compatibility to front-end process techniques and back-end process techniques, thereby allowing the integration of well-established strain-inducing mechanisms in the transistor level as well as in the contact level.

Motorcycle with a multifunctional device

A motorcycle includes a display unit for representing information on the driving state and operating parameters of the motorcycle, an operating unit to generate control commands for controlling the display unit, and a multifunctional device with a screen. An application can be installed on the multifunctional device to allow other applications installed on the multifunctional device to be opened. The selection of further applications to be opened by the application can be represented on the screen in the form of pictograms. A control unit uses control commands for controlling the application, and the further applications to be opened by the application can be transmitted to the multifunctional device. The control commands for controlling the application, and the further applications to be opened by the application, can be generated by the operating unit, and a switching device can switch between control of the display unit and control of the multifunctional device.

Forming semiconductor resistors in a semiconductor device comprising metal gates by increasing etch resistivity of the resistors

In a replacement gate approach, the polysilicon material may be efficiently removed during a wet chemical etch process, while the semiconductor material in the resistive structures may be substantially preserved. For this purpose, a species such as xenon may be incorporated into the semiconductor material of the resistive structure, thereby imparting a significantly increased etch resistivity to the semiconductor material. The xenon may be incorporated at any appropriate manufacturing stage.

Superior fill conditions in a replacement gate approach by corner rounding prior to completely removing a placeholder material

In a replacement gate approach, a superior cross-sectional shape of the gate opening may be achieved by performing a material erosion process in an intermediate state of removing the placeholder material. Consequently, the remaining portion of the placeholder material may efficiently protect the underlying sensitive materials, such as a high-k dielectric material, when performing the corner rounding process sequence.

Semiconductor circuits, devices and methods

A high-voltage sensing device providing full galvanic isolation between a high-voltage domain and a low-voltage domain, wherein the circuit topology of the device resembles that of a Wheatstone bridge, the Wheatstone bridge employing at least one voltage-controlled semiconductor resistor, wherein the circuit also comprises a reference source connected directly to the Wheatstone bridge and the device comprises a number of shielding structures to electrically isolate the high-voltage domain from the low-voltage domain.

METHOD FOR THE ON-BOARD FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSIS OF A SOOT SENSOR IN A MOTOR VEHICLE AND/OR FOR THE DETECTION OF FURTHER CONSTITUENTS IN THE SOOT

A method for the on-board functional diagnosis of a soot sensor and detection of further constituents in the soot in a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine. The soot sensor is connected electrically to an evaluation circuit in the motor vehicle. A faulty soot sensor and/or further constituents in the soot can be detected in an inexpensive way. The evaluation circuit measures the voltage coefficient of the soot sensor and detects the defectiveness of the soot sensor and/or the presence of further constituents in the soot using the voltage coefficient of the soot sensor.

Measuring device for an electromechanical brake

The invention relates to a force sensor for an electromechanical brake. The force sensor comprises a closed ring having a C-shaped profile that is open inward. Force is introduced along the inner circumference of the ring.

Replacement Gate Approach for High-K Metal Gate Stacks by Using a Multi-Layer Contact Level

In a replacement gate approach, the dielectric material for laterally encapsulating the gate electrode structures may be provided in the form of a first interlayer dielectric material having superior gap filling capabilities and a second interlayer dielectric material that provides high etch resistivity and robustness during a planarization process. In this manner, undue material erosion upon replacing the placeholder material may be avoided, which results in reduced yield loss and superior device uniformity. 1. A method , comprising:forming a first dielectric material above a gate electrode structure of a transistor, said gate electrode structure comprising a placeholder material, said gate electrode structure extending to a first height level;removing a portion of said first dielectric material so as to extend to a second height level that is lower than said first height level;forming a second dielectric material above said first dielectric material, said second dielectric material extending above said first height level;performing a planarization process so as to remove a portion of said second dielectric material and form an exposed top surface of said placeholder material; andreplacing said placeholder material at least with a metal-containing electrode material.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising preserving at least a part of said second dielectric material when forming a metallization system above said transistor.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming said first dielectric material comprises applying a deposition technique so as to substantially avoid creation of voids in said first dielectric material.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein forming said first dielectric material comprises applying a deposition technique so as to provide said first dielectric material with a substantially planar surface.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said deposition technique comprises at least one of a spin coating process and a flow-like chemical vapor ...

MOTORCYCLE WITH HANDLEBAR PROTECTOR

A vehicle, in particular motorcycle, includes a frame, handlebars with two handlebar grips and a communication unit with at least one sensor for the acquisition of data relating to the vehicle, and an interface for transmitting the acquired data. A handlebar protector is arranged, preferably centrally, between the handlebar grips and the communication unit is arranged underneath the handlebar protector or at least partially, preferably entirely, within the handlebar protector. 1. A vehicle , in particular motorcycle , having a frame , handlebars with two handlebar grips and a communication unit with at least one sensor for the acquisition of data relating to the vehicle and an interface for transmitting the acquired data , wherein a handlebar protector is provided , wherein the handlebar protector is arranged , preferably centrally , between the handlebar grips and wherein the communication unit is arranged underneath the handlebar protector or at least partially , preferably entirely , within the handlebar protector.2. The vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein the handlebar protector has a recess in which the communication unit can be arranged.3. The vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein a holding device is provided claim 1 , by which the communication unit and/or the handlebar protector are held claim 1 , and wherein the holding device is fastened to the handlebars.4. The vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein the communication unit has a memory for storing the data acquired by the sensor.5. The vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein the communication unit has several sensors for the acquisition of data relating to the vehicle claim 1 , in particular a GPS sensor claim 1 , an acceleration sensor claim 1 , a temperature sensor and/or an inclination sensor.6. The vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein the communication unit has a receiving device for receiving data relating to the vehicle status.7. The vehicle according to claim 1 , wherein the communication unit ...

Semiconductor circuits, devices and methods

A high-voltage sensing device providing full galvanic isolation between a high-voltage domain and a low-voltage domain, wherein the circuit topology of the device resembles that of a Wheatstone bridge, the Wheatstone bridge employing at least one voltage-controlled semiconductor resistor, wherein the circuit also comprises a reference source connected directly to the Wheatstone bridge and the device comprises a number of shielding structures to electrically isolate the high-voltage domain from the low-voltage domain.

DISTORTION DETERMINATION APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DETERMINING A DISTORTION

A motion or saturation determination apparatus () comprising: a light source configured to emit light and an optoelectronic device () configured to receive an electromagnetic signal and to translate the signal to a plurality of electrical output signals corresponding to a plurality of predetermined phase offset values in accordance with an indirect time of flight measurement technique. A signal processing circuit () of the apparatus () is configured to process the electrical output signals to calculate a plurality of measurement vectors derived from the plurality of electrical signals. The vectors are in respect of a plurality of frequencies and comprise a first measurement vector for a fundamental harmonic frequency and a second measurement vector for a non-fundamental frequency. The circuit () is configured to calculate a scalar relating a first amplitude of the first vector to a second amplitude of the second vector, and to use the scalar to identify motion or saturation in respect of the optoelectronic device ().

METHOD FOR FEEDING SOLID MATERIAL TO A MIXING DEVICE, SOLID-MATERIAL FEEDING DEVICE AND MIXING ASSEMBLY

The invention relates to improvements in the technical field of feeding solid materials to mixing devices. For this purpose, the solid-material feeding device, inter alia, is proposed. The solid-material feeding device comprises the slide, which can be moved between a first end position and a second end position through a conveying connection, which is arranged between a funnel and a solid-material outlet of the solid-material feeding device. By means of the slide, adhesions within the conveying connection can be loosened without having to remove the conveying connection. 1. A method for feeding solid material , in particular bulk material , such as , for example , powder , to a mixing apparatus with the use of a solid material feeding apparatus , the solid material feeding apparatus having a funnel for receiving solid material and a solid material outlet which is connected to a solid material inlet of the mixing apparatus , the solid material outlet and the funnel being connected to one another via a conveying connection , the solid material being fed to the mixing apparatus via the conveying connection , the solid material feeding apparatus having a slide which can be moved through the conveying connection between a first end position and a second end position , wherein the slide and is set up to detach adhesions of solid material within the conveying connection , and in that the slide is activated and is moved through the conveying connection , in order to clear the conveying connection , as soon as the conveying connection is clogged between the solid material outlet and the funnel , clogging of the conveying connection being detected by way of a monitoring apparatus , and the monitoring apparatus activating the slide at least indirectly , as soon as clogging of the conveying connection is detected.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , the solid material being conveyed claim 1 , in particular sucked claim 1 , with the aid of vacuum into the mixing apparatus ...

Spark Ablation Device

A spark ablation device for generating nanoparticles comprising a spark generator; the spark generator comprising first and second electrodes, wherein the spark generator further comprises at least one power source which is arranged to be operative at a first energy level for maintaining a discharge between the first and second electrodes, which power source is arranged for repetitively increasing the energy of the discharge to a predetermined secondary level that is higher than the first energy level for ablating a portion of the electrodes. 1. A spark ablation device for generating nanoparticles comprising a spark generator; the spark generator comprising first and second electrodes and at least one power source which is arranged to be operative for maintaining a discharge between the first and second electrodes , wherein the power source is configured for repetitively and intermittently varying its power output between a first energy level wherein a substantially continuous discharge is maintained between the electrodes of the spark ablation device and a second energy level higher than the first energy level for ablating at least a portion of the electrodes.2. A spark ablation device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one power source comprises a pulse generator for repetitively increasing the energy of the discharge.3. A spark ablation device according to claim 1 , wherein the first energy level is selected at a level insufficient to generate particles.4. A spark ablation device according to claims 1 , wherein the second energy level is selected at a level to unavoidably generate particles.5. A spark ablation device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one power source comprises a continuous DC or AC power source claim 1 , supplemented with a source for pulsed power.6. A spark ablation device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one power source comprises a current source or a voltage source.7. A spark ablation device according to claim 1 ...

Indirect time of flight range calculation apparatus and method of calculating a phase angle in accordance with an indirect time of flight range calculation technique

An indirect time of flight range calculation apparatus (100) comprises a light source, a photonic mixer cell (102) that generates a plurality of output signals respectively corresponding to a first plurality of predetermined phase values (p1, p2, . . . , pm). A signal processing circuit (110, 124, 128, 146) is also provided to process the first plurality of electrical output signals in order to calculate a first vector and a first angle from the first vector. The photonic mixer (102) generates a second plurality of electrical output signals corresponding to a second plurality of predetermined phase values ([p1, p2, . . . , pm]+π/m). Each phase value of the second plurality of predetermined phase values is respectively offset with respect to each phase value of the first plurality of predetermined phase values by a predetermined phase offset value. The signal processing circuit (110, 124, 128, 146) processes the second plurality of electrical output signals in order to calculate a second vector, and de-rotates the second vector calculated and calculate a second angle from the de-rotated second vector before offsetting the second angle against the first angle, thereby generating a corrected output angle, which is used to calculate a range.

SEMICONDUCTOR CIRCUITS, DEVICES AND METHODS

A high-voltage sensing device providing full galvanic isolation between a high-voltage domain and a low-voltage domain, wherein the circuit topology of the device resembles that of a Wheatstone bridge, the Wheatstone bridge employing at least one voltage-controlled semiconductor resistor, wherein the circuit also comprises a reference source connected directly to the Wheatstone bridge and the device comprises a number of shielding structures to electrically isolate the high-voltage domain from the low-voltage domain. 1. A voltage-controlled semiconductor well resistor comprising a gate , a well and a first polycrystalline semiconductor layer forming a shield , wherein the first polycrystalline semiconductor layer surrounds a region between the gate and the well.2. The voltage-controlled semiconductor well resistor according to claim 1 , wherein the footprint of the gate falls within the footprint of the shield in at least one cross-section taken through the device.3. The voltage-controlled semiconductor well resistor according to claim 2 , wherein the footprint is defined as the projection as viewed along a direction perpendicular to a main surface of the gate.4. A method for use in manufacturing a voltage-controlled semiconductor well resistor claim 2 , the method comprising:providing a semiconductor substrate;forming a well region within the substrate;forming a polycrystalline semiconductor layer on or above the substrate;forming a dielectric layer on or above the substrate; andforming a gate within a conductive layer above said polycrystalline semiconductor layer, wherein the polycrystalline semiconductor layer forms a shield surrounding a region between the gate and the well.5. A shield for a semiconductor device comprising a plurality of substantially parallel conductive tracks mutually electrically connected by a plurality of vias claim 2 , and a connector for connecting the shield to a low-impedance reference source.6. The shield according to claim 5 , ...

METHOD AND DRIVER CIRCUIT FOR RESONANT ANTENNA CIRCUIT

A transmitter device comprising a resonant antenna circuit and a driver circuit. The resonant antenna circuit comprises three branches: a first branch with an inductor coil, a second branch with a first capacitance, and a third branch with a second capacitance connected in series with a first switch. The antenna circuit has a first and second resonance frequency respectively higher and lower than a target frequency, depending on whether the first switch is closed. The driver circuit monitors an oscillating voltage of the antenna circuit and detects oscillations thereof by detecting zero-crossing moments, and controls the first switch such that, on average, the number of oscillations of the oscillating voltage per time unit is equal to a predefined target frequency. 1. A driver circuit connectable to a resonant antenna circuit , comprising:monitoring means adapted for monitoring an oscillating voltage signal of said resonant antenna circuit;means for detecting oscillations of said oscillating voltage signal by detecting zero-crossing-moments defined as moments in time at which said oscillating voltage crosses a fixed or variable DC level;a control circuit arranged for dynamically controlling a first switch of said resonant antenna circuit by selectively opening and closing at said zero-crossing moments said first switch and keeping said first switch open or closed between said zero-crossing moments, so that, on average, the number of oscillations of the oscillating voltage per time unit is substantially equal to the target frequency.2. The driver circuit as in claim 1 , further comprising a clock generator adapted for generating a clock signal having a frequency of at least 2.0 times the target frequency; andwherein the monitoring means is adapted for detecting said zero-crossing-moment at the resolution of said clock signal.3. The driver circuit as in claim 1 , wherein the control circuit is further adapted for determining if the zero-crossing moments occurred ...

LANTERN-TYPE GEAR UNIT

A lantern-type gear unit, in particular for a camshaft adjuster, comprising at least two meshing gear wheels, a first gear wheel being configured as a lantern gear wheel and a second gear wheel including a lantern gear ring that engages with the lantern gear wheel. The lantern gear ring comprises at least one first annular bolt holder and a plurality of bolts arranged on the boundary of the bolt holder. The annular bolt holder has, together with the bolts, a circumferential contour that is overlap-free with respect to the lantern gear wheel in an axially parallel direction, so that the annular bolt holder can, together with the bolts, be assembled with the lantern gear wheel in an axially parallel direction. A camshaft adjuster for an internal combustion engine comprising such a lantern-type gear unit is also provided. 1. A lantern-type gear unit comprising at least two meshing gear wheels , a first gear wheel being configured as a toothed lantern gear wheel and a second gear wheel including a lantern gear ring that engages with the lantern gear wheel , said lantern gear ring comprising at least one first annular bolt holder and a plurality of bolts arranged on the boundary of the bolt holder , wherein the annular bolt holder has , together with the bolts , a circumferential contour that is overlap-free with respect to the lantern gear wheel in an axially parallel direction , so that the annular bolt holder can , together with the bolts , be assembled with the lantern gear wheel in an axially parallel direction.2. The lantern-type gear unit according to claim 1 , wherein each bolt comprises a bolt pin and at least one of a sleeve and roller claim 1 , said sleeve and roller enclosing the bolt pin.3. The lantern-type gear unit according to claim 1 , wherein on a first circumferential surface facing the lantern gear wheel claim 1 , the annular bolt holder has a tooth-shaped or wave-shaped contour with protruding areas and recessed areas.4. The lantern-type gear unit ...

Optical range calculation apparatus and method of range calculation

An optical range calculation apparatus (100) comprises a light source configured to emit light in accordance with an indirect time of flight measurement technique. A photonic mixer cell (102) is configured to generate and store a plurality of electrical output signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of predetermined phase offset values applied (112) in accordance with the indirect time of flight measurement technique. A signal processing circuit (110, 124) is configured to process the plurality of electrical output signals in accordance with the indirect time of flight measurement technique in order to calculate a measurement vector and a measured phase angle from the measurement vector. The signal processing circuit (110, 124) is configured to calculate a phase angle correction value using reference illumination data and to apply the calculated phase angle correction value in order to correct the measured phase angle, and the signal processing circuit is configured to calculate a range using the corrected measured phase angle.

PHASE ANGLE CORRECTION VALUE CALCULATION APPARATUS AND METHOD OF CALCULATING A PHASE ANGLE CORRECTION VALUE

A phase angle error calculation apparatus () comprising a light source () that emits light according to an indirect time of flight (iToF) measurement technique. A photonic mixer cell () generates and stores a plurality of electrical output signals corresponding to a plurality of predetermined phase offset values. A signal processing circuit processes the electrical output signals according to the iToF measurement technique in order to calculate a reference vector and a reference phase angle therefrom. The output signals correspond to measurement at a first level of precision. The circuit processes a subset of output signals according to the iToF measurement technique and calculates a measurement vector and a measurement phase angle therefrom. The subset of the output signals corresponds to measurement at a second level of precision lower than the first level of precision. The circuit calculates a phase angle correction value using the reference phase angle and the measurement phase angle. 1. A phase angle error calculation apparatus for an optical ranging system , the apparatus comprising:a light source configured to emit light in accordance with an indirect time of flight measurement technique;a photonic mixer cell configured to generate and store a plurality of electrical output signals respectively corresponding to a plurality of predetermined phase offset values applied in accordance with the indirect time of flight measurement technique over a measurement cycle;a signal processing circuit configured to process the plurality of electrical output signals in accordance with the indirect time of flight measurement technique in order to calculate a reference vector and a reference phase angle from the reference vector, the plurality of electrical output signals corresponding to measurement at a first level of precision; whereinthe signal processing circuit is configured to process a subset of electrical output signals from the plurality of electrical output signals ...

MOTORCYCLE WITH A MULTIFUNCTIONAL DEVICE

A motorcycle includes a display unit for representing information on the driving state and operating parameters of the motorcycle, an operating unit to generate control commands for controlling the display unit, and a multifunctional device with a screen. An application can be installed on the multifunctional device to allow other applications installed on the multifunctional device to be opened. The selection of further applications to be opened by the application can be represented on the screen in the form of pictograms. A control unit uses control commands for controlling the application, and the further applications to be opened by the application can be transmitted to the multifunctional device. The control commands for controlling the application, and the further applications to be opened by the application, can be generated by the operating unit, and a switching device can switch between control of the display unit and control of the multifunctional device. 1. A motorcycle , comprisinga display unit for representing information on the driving state and on operating parameters of the motorcycle,an operating unit, which may generate control commands for controlling the display unit,a multifunctional device, releasably attachable in a holder, comprising a screen, wherein an application can be installed on the multifunctional device, using which further applications installed on the multifunctional device can be opened, wherein the selection of further applications, which can be opened by the application, can be represented on the screen in the form of pictograms,a control unit, using which control commands for controlling the application and the further applications, which can be opened by the application, can be transmitted to the multifunctional device,wherein the control commands for controlling the application and the further applications, which can be opened by the application, can be generated by the operating unit, wherein a switching device for ...

Power Supply Line Data Transmission

A transmitter and a receiver for transmitting and receiving data via a power supply line comprise a local signal port for respectively receiving and transmitting a serial bit stream and a power line connection port for respectively transmitting a radio frequency signal and receiving the radio frequency signal via the power supply line. The transmitter comprises a modulator unit adapted for encoding the serial bit stream into a baseband signal and generating the radio frequency signal by mixing the baseband signal with a carrier wave so as to redundantly convey the at least one baseband signal in at least four spectral sidebands of the carrier wave. The receiver comprises a demodulator unit adapted for detecting the at least four spectral sidebands of the carrier wave in the radio frequency signal, isolating a baseband signal from the at least four spectral sidebands and decoding the baseband signal into the serial bit stream. 1. A transmitter for transmitting data over an automotive power supply line , the transmitter comprising:a local signal port for receiving a serial bit stream,a power line connection port for transmitting a radio frequency signal over an automotive power supply line, anda modulator unit for emitting said radio frequency signal, wherein the modulator unit is adapted for encoding said serial bit stream into a baseband signal and generating the radio frequency signal by mixing said baseband signal with a carrier wave so as to redundantly convey the baseband signal in at least four spectral sidebands of the carrier wave.2. The transmitter according to claim 1 , wherein the local signal port comprises a local interconnect network bus connection for connecting to at least one local LIN-compatible device.3. The transmitter according to claim 1 , wherein the modulator unit is adapted for generating the carrier wave claim 1 , in which the carrier wave has a predetermined frequency in the range of 22 MHz to 30 MHz.4. The transmitter according to claim 1 ...

Optical range calculation apparatus and method of extending a measurable range

An apparatus (100) comprises a light source that emits light modulated selectively at first and second modulation frequencies. A photonic mixer cell (102) generates and stores a plurality of electrical output signals respectively corresponding to phase offset values applied in accordance with an indirect time of flight technique and in respect of the selected modulation frequency. A signal processing circuit processes a first number of the electrical output signals at the first modulation frequency to calculate a first measurement phase angle (φ1) from a calculated first measurement vector, and a second number of the electrical output signals at the second modulation frequency to calculate a second measurement phase angle (φ2) from a second calculated measurement vector. A phase angle difference (Δφ) between the first and second measurement phase angles (φ1, φ2) is then calculated and a correction value (φcorr) applied to the phase angle difference (Δφ) to yield an extended range phase angle (φext) for calculating a range.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ECHO DETECTION

A method for detecting and processing echo signals comprises detecting reflections of a transmitted signal as echo signals, obtaining digital magnitudes representative of an envelope of the echo signals over time, applying the digital magnitudes to a plurality of data storing cells, estimating a signal threshold by accumulating the digital magnitudes from a predetermined number of reference window cells at each side of a predetermined cell-under-test in the plurality of data storing cells and multiplying the resulting accumulated signal by a predetermined first weight factor, thus obtaining an estimated signal threshold, comparing the threshold with the signal stored in the predetermined cell-under-test in the plurality of data storing cells, thus reducing chances of false detection. 1. A method for detecting and processing echo signals , the method comprising:detecting reflections of a transmitted signal as echo signals,obtaining digital magnitudes representative of an envelope of the echo signals over time,applying the digital magnitudes to a plurality of data storing cells,estimating a signal threshold by accumulating the digital magnitudes from a predetermined number of reference window cells at each side of a predetermined cell-under-test in the plurality of data storing cells and multiplying the resulting accumulated signal by a predetermined first weight factor, thus obtaining an estimated signal threshold,comparing the signal threshold with the signal stored in the predetermined cell-under-test in the plurality of data storing cells,wherein estimating the signal threshold further comprises:generating a derivative signal portion byobtaining a difference between the signals of two predetermined cells at a first side of the cell-under-test,obtaining a difference between the signals of two predetermined cells at a second side of the cell-under-test, the second side being different from the first side,adding the differences and multiplying the result by a ...

Method for Producing a Sensor Element

A method for producing a sensor element for a sensor for detection of substances contained in a gas flow includes: providing a ceramic carrier; and producing an open measurement electrode, arranged on the carrier and exposed to the gas flow. The open measurement electrode is produced by: a combined printing technique from a cermet base print for a base layer of a ceramic-platinum cermet, arranged on the carrier, and a platinum upper printing for a cover layer of sintered platinum arranged on the base layer. 15-. (canceled)6. A method for producing a sensor element for a sensor for detection of substances contained in a gas flow , the method comprising:{'b': '5', 'providing a ceramic carrier (); an'}{'b': 2', '5, 'claim-text': [{'b': 6', '5, 'a combined printing technique from a cermet base print () for a base layer of a ceramic-platinum cermet, arranged on the carrier (), and'}, {'b': '7', 'a platinum upper printing () for a cover layer of sintered platinum arranged on the base layer.'}], 'producing an open measurement electrode (), arranged on the carrier () and exposed to the gas flow, the open measurement electrode being produced by7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising producing the base layer from a ceramic-platinum printing paste.82. The method as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising producing the measurement electrode () as an interdigital electrode.92. The method as claimed in claim 6 , further comprising producing the measurement electrode () so that it is configured to be applied with an alternating voltage.10. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the detection of substances contained in a gas flow comprises detection of soot particles in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine. This is a U.S. national stage of application No. PCT/EP2013/059090, filed on 2 May 2013, which claims priority to the German Application No. DE 10 2012 207 761.8 filed 9 May 2012, the content of both incorporated herein by reference.1. Field of ...

Unknown

A method for controlling a device, in particular a prosthetic hand or a robotic arm, includes using an operator-mounted camera to detect at least one marker positioned on or in relation to the device. Starting from the detection of the at least one marker, a predefined movement of the operator together with the camera is detected and is used to trigger a corresponding action of the device. The predefined movement of the operator is detected in the form of a line of sight by means of camera tracking. A system for controlling a device, in particular a prosthetic hand or a robotic arm, includes a pair of AR glasses adapted to detect the at least one marker and to detect the predefined movement of the operator. 110-. (canceled)11. A method for controlling a robotic device , the method including:(a) with a camera mounted on an operator, detecting when a line of sight associated with the operator is moved to a predefined position relative to at least one marker associated with the robotic device;(b) from the predefined position relative to the at least one marker, detecting a predefined movement of the line of sight, the predefined movement of the line of sight being detected with the camera by tracking movement of the camera by the operator; and(c) wherein the detected predefined movement of the line of sight correlates to a trigger for a corresponding action of the robotic device.12. The method of further including outputting a first feedback result to an output unit for the operator claim 11 , the first feedback result indicating the detection of the at least one marker.13. The method of further including outputting a second feedback result to the output unit for the operator claim 12 , the second feedback result indicating the detection of the predefined movement of the line of sight.14. The method of wherein the camera is arranged on the head of the operator in such a manner that a movement of the head causes a corresponding movement of the camera.15. The method of ...

PRODUCTION OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

The invention relates to a method for the production of materials. In particular the invention relates to nanostructured materials, and an apparatus and method for the production thereof. In accordance with the invention nanostructured materials are produced by the subsequent steps of producing nanoparticles; transporting the nanoparticles into, and optionally through, a porous carrier by a gas flow; and depositing the nanoparticles onto the surface of said porous carrier in an essentially isotropic manner. 1. Method for producing nanostructured materials comprising the steps of:a) producing nanoparticles;b) transporting the nanoparticles into, and optionally through, a porous carrier by a gas flow; andc) depositing the nanoparticles onto the surface of said porous carrier in an essentially isotropic manner.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are produced with a spark ablation device.3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are deposited onto the porous carrier in an essentially isotropic manner by diffusion of the nanoparticles.4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the porous carrier is a nanoporous carrier claim 1 , preferably comprising nanowires which have a preferred diameter of less than 1000 nm claim 1 , more preferred of less than 200 nm claim 1 , most preferred of less than the mean free path.5. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the size of the nanoparticles are less than the mean free path claim 1 , preferably less than 20 nm claim 1 , more preferably less than 10 nm.6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are deposited in a time of less than 1000 ms claim 1 , preferably less than 100 ms claim 1 , more preferably less than 20 ms after the production of the nanoparticles.7. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are produced and deposited at atmospheric pressure.8. Method according to claim 1 , wherein after deposition of the nanoparticles onto the porous carrier claim 1 , ...

SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENT

A semiconductor component for emitting light includes a main body that comprises at least one mesa body. The mesa body has an emission region for emitting the light. The emission region is assigned a first mirror portion, a second mirror portion, and an active portion arranged between the two mirror portions and serving to produce the light. The semiconductor component further includes electrical contacts for feeding electrical energy into the active portion, with at least one stress element that is attached to a surface of the main body. The stress element is configured to generate in the main body a material stress which has an effect on one or more polarization properties of the emitted light. 1. A semiconductor component for emitting light , the semiconductor component comprising:a main body that comprises at least one mesa body, the mesa body having an emission region for emitting the light, wherein the emission region is assigned a first mirror portion, a second mirror portion, and an active portion arranged between the two mirror portions and serving to produce the light,electrical contacts for feeding electrical energy into the active portion, with at least one stress element that is attached to a surface of the main body, and configured to generate, in the main body, a material stress which has an effect on one or more polarization properties of the emitted light.2. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the one or more polarization properties comprises a polarization extinction ratio.3. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least one of the electrical contacts comprises the stress element claim 1 , the stress element being a metallic coating on the mesa body.4. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the stress element is designed in a stripe-type fashion.5. The semiconductor component as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the stress element extends between the emission region and a connection ...

Method and device for measuring the soot load in the exhaust gas systems of diesel engines

The invention relates to a method for measuring the soot load in the exhaust gas systems of diesel engines using a sensor which is mounted downstream of a particulate filter and comprises a sensor element, to measure the operability of the particulate filter. According to said method, the soot load of the sensor element is measured resistively or capacitively using electrodes. The measuring voltage of the sensor element is controlled depending on at least one actual operating parameter of the diesel engine. The invention further relates to a device for measuring the soot load in corresponding exhaust gas systems.

Monitoring method for soot particle filter, involves measuring of temperature of exhaust gas stream in direction of flow behind soot particle filter with help of thermocouple formed at soot sensor

Monitoring method involves measuring of temperature of the exhaust gas stream in direction of flow behind the soot particle filter. The temperature can be measured, between successive heating procedures, with the help of a thermocouple formed at the soot sensor.

Method for transmitting data packets via a radio interface of a mobile radio system

A method is provided for transmitting data packets via a radio interface of a mobile radio system, wherein a control unit of a first entity secondary to the control unit in a data link layer transmits information via its logical channels serving as service access points in the form of a configuration message, with the configuration message including information about which logical channels are to be mapped onto which transport channels serving as service access points for a bit transmission layer, about which a set of transport formats predetermined for each of the transport channels and a set of permitted combinations of transport formats for all transport channels, with each transport format having a set of parameters determining transmission characteristics of the transport channel configured with the corresponding transport format, and about which transport formats are permitted for each logical channel or about which a value is predetermined as fixed for at least one of the parameters from the parameter set for transport formats for one logical channel, a number of logical channels or for all logical channels, and wherein the first entity selects a transport format for each of the transport channels taking into account an assignment defined in the configuration message of transport formats to logical channels or of the parameter value predetermined for each of the logical channels, such that the resulting combination of transport formats corresponds to one of the transport combinations defined as permissible and wherein the first entity transmits the data packets at the logical channels to the transport channels of the bit transmission layer assigned to each of the logical channels by the configuration message and initiates the transmission of the data packets via the radio interface.

Measuring device for an electro-mechanical brake

Messeinrichtung für eine elektro-mechanische Bremse (EMB) in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit einem Kraftsensor (42) in Form eines geschlossenen Rings, der im Querschnitt ein C-förmiges Profil mit zwei parallel und beabstandet zueinander angeordneten Schenkeln (48, 50) aufweist, in die die Einleitung der zu messenden Kraft erfolgt, und mit einer Dehnungsmesseinrichtung (62), die auf einem der Schenkel (48, 50) angeordnet ist. measuring device for one Electro-mechanical brake (EMB) in a motor vehicle, with a Force sensor (42) in the form of a closed ring, in cross-section a C-shaped profile with two parallel and spaced apart legs (48, 50) into which the introduction of the force to be measured takes place, and with a strain gauge (62) mounted on one of the legs (48, 50) is arranged.

Method for transmitting encryption information to participants in a multicast group

Vorgesehen ist ein Verfahren zur Übermittlung von Chiffrierungsinformationen an Teilnehmer einer Multicast-Gruppe in einem Mobilfunknetzwerk, welches sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass die Übertragung eines Chiffrierungsschlüssels und einer aktuellen Chiffrierungssequenznummer bzw. Teile einer solchen Sequenznummer über eine Luftschnittstelle, über eine bereits gegenüber dem Abhören durch unautorisierte Personen geschützte Verbindungen, welche den Empfänger der Chiffrierungsinformationen dediziert zugeordnet sind.

Reduction of copper defects during wet chemical cleaning of exposed copper surfaces in a metallization layer of a semiconductor component

Verfahren mit:Bereitstellen einer strukturierten dielektrischen Schicht einer Metallisierungsschicht (120) eines Halbleiterbauelements (100), wobei die strukturierte dielektrische Schicht eine freigelegte Kupferoberfläche aufweist;Zuführen einer unter Druck stehenden inerten Gassorte (143) zu einem Speicherbehälter (251), der eine nasschemische Reinigungslösung (141) enthält, um in dem Behälter eine unter Druck stehende Umgebungsatmosphäre (252) zu erzeugen, dadurch Anreichern der nasschemischen Reinigungslösung mit der inerten Gassorte;Reinigen der dielektrischen Schicht mit der nasschemischen Reinigungslösung in Umgebungsatmosphäre (142), welche einen Druck hat, der kleiner ist als der Druck der unter Druck stehenden Gasumgebung, wobei die inerte Gassorte in der nasschemischen Reinigungslösung in der Umgebungsatmosphäre übersättigt ist und die inerte Gassorte während des Reinigens aus der nasschemischen Reinigungslösung ausdiffundiert; undBilden eines Metallgebiets (122) in der gereinigten dielektrischen Schicht, wobei das Metallgebiet mit der Kupferoberfläche verbunden ist. A method comprising: providing a structured dielectric layer of a metallization layer (120) of a semiconductor component (100), the structured dielectric layer having an exposed copper surface; supplying a pressurized inert gas type (143) to a storage container (251) which contains a wet chemical cleaning solution (141) to create a pressurized ambient atmosphere (252) in the container, thereby enriching the wet chemical cleaning solution with the inert gas type; cleaning the dielectric layer with the wet chemical cleaning solution in ambient atmosphere (142), which has a pressure that is less than the pressure of the pressurized gas environment, the inert gas type in the wet chemical cleaning solution being supersaturated in the ambient atmosphere and the inert gas type diffusing out of the wet chemical cleaning solution during cleaning; andforming a metal region (122) in the cleaned ...

METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE CONDITION OF A SOOT SENSOR IN A MOTOR VEHICLE

METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CLEAN OPERATION OF A VEHICLE OF A SOOT SENSOR IN A MOTOR VEHICLE AND / OR THE DETECTION OF OTHER COMPONENTS IN THE SOOT

La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant le diagnostic de fonctionnement propre à un véhicule d'un capteur de suie (10) et/ou la détection d'autres composants dans la suie dans un véhicule automobile doté d'un moteur à combustion, le capteur de suie (10) étant relié électriquement à un circuit d'évaluation installé de manière fixe dans le véhicule automobile. Pour fournir un procédé permettant le diagnostic de fonctionnement d'un capteur de suie (10) et/ou la détection d'autres composants dans la suie, grâce auquel un capteur de suie (10) défectueux et/ou d'autres composants dans la suie peuvent être détectés de manière économique, le circuit d'évaluation mesure le coefficient de tension du capteur de suie (10) et détecte le caractère défectueux du capteur de suie (10) et/ou la présence d'autres composants dans la suie à partir du coefficient de tension du capteur de suie (10). The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing vehicle-specific operation of a soot sensor (10) and / or the detection of other components in soot in a motor vehicle having a combustion engine, the sensor soot (10) being electrically connected to an evaluation circuit fixedly installed in the motor vehicle. To provide a method for diagnosing the operation of a soot sensor (10) and / or the detection of other components in the soot, whereby a defective soot sensor (10) and / or other components in the soot can be detected economically, the evaluation circuit measures the coefficient of tension of the soot sensor (10) and detects the defective character of the soot sensor (10) and / or the presence of other components in the soot at from the voltage coefficient of the soot sensor (10).

Method of transmitting data in a communication system

A method of transmitting data from a sender to a number of recipients in a system with a multilayer protocol architecture, in which the data are divided for organizational purposes into data packets having header data and payload data, a transmitting and/or receiving unit and a communication system. The transmission of data in the form of a point-to-multipoint transmission over a general channel, in particular in a mobile radio system, is carried out by adding to packet data which are being sent to multicast groups control data for the identification of a specific multicast group.

Convertible rail vehicle

Rail vehicle having a superstructure (102, 202) which has an interior space (103, 203) with a floor (104, 204) and at least one entry door (105.1, 105.2; 205.1, 205.2), wherein the interior space has a travel region and an entry region, the entry door is arranged in the entry region (103.1, 203.2), the floor has a first level in the travel region and a second level in the region of the entry door, said second level being different from the first level. The second level is a first standard entry level for an essentially stepless entry from a first standard platform level, whereas the first level is an intermediate level between the second level and a third level. The third level is a second standard entry level for an essentially stepless entry from a second standard platform level, wherein the first standard platform level is directly adjacent to the second standard platform level.

Method, Terminal and radiocommunications system for transmission of group messages

A method for informing at least one group (MC1) of subscriber terminals (UE11-UE42) of a radio communication system (FCS) about the presence of at least one group message (GN1) which is meant be sent to this group from at least one network element (BS1,BS2) of the radio communication system (FCS) via at least one RF channel (PCS) , in which the presence of this group message (GN1) is indicated to the subscriber terminals (UE11-UE42) of the respective group with the aid of a general, additional group-paging-indication signal (GP11) and is made ready for evaluation. Independent claims are included for the following; (1) a subscriber terminal of a radio communication system, (2) a radio communication system.

Optical soot particle sensor

Rußsensor (1), aufweisend: a) eine Lichtquelle (10) mit einem ersten Lichtleiter (40) und b) einen Lichtdetektor (20) mit einem zweiten Lichtleiter (50), wobei c) ein der Lichtquelle (10) abgewandtes Ende des ersten Lichtleiters (40) und ein dem Lichtdetektor (20) abgewandtes Ende des zweiten Lichtleiters (50) in einem Abgassystem anordenbar sind, so dass d) mittels des ersten Lichtleiters (40) ein in den ersten Lichtleiter (40) einstrahlbares Licht der Lichtquelle (10) in ein Rußpartikel aufweisendes Gas einstrahlbar ist und e) mittels des zweiten Lichtleiters (50) mindestens ein Lichtanteil des in das Gas einstrahlbaren Lichts zu dem Lichtdetektor (20) leitbar ist, wobei f) eine Rußpartikelkonzentration in dem Gas aufgrund des zu dem Lichtdetektor (20) leitbaren Lichtanteils bestimmbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass g) mindestens ein erster Bereich des ersten Lichtleiters (40) benachbart zu dem der Lichtquelle (10) abgewandten Ende und mindestens ein zweiter Bereich des zweiten Lichtleiters (50) benachbart zu dem dem Lichtdetektor (20) abgewandten Ende an einer Trägerkonstruktion (30) angeordnet sind, wobei h) die Trägerkonstruktion (30) ein Keramiksubstrat umfasst und i) an der Trägerkonstruktion (30) eine Heizstruktur (70) angeordnet ist. A soot sensor (1), comprising: a) a light source (10) having a first light guide (40) and b) a light detector (20) having a second light guide (50), wherein c) one of the light source (10) facing away from the first end Optical fiber (40) and an end remote from the light detector (20) of the second light guide (50) can be arranged in an exhaust system, so that d) by means of the first light guide (40) in the first light guide (40) einstrahlbares light of the light source (10 ) is einstrahlbar in a soot particle-containing gas and e) by means of the second light guide (50) at least a portion of the light einstrahlbaren in the gas light to the light detector (20) is conductive, f) a soot particle concentration in the gas due ...

Measurement instrument e.g. for electro mechanical brake, has force sensor in form of closed ring, having profile with two C-shaped in cross section and introduction of force on instrument on sensor takes place on edge of closed ring

The measurement instrument has a force sensor (42) in a form of a closed ring, having a profile with two C-shaped in cross section. The introduction of a force on the instrument on the sensor takes place on the edge of the closed ring. The edge is arranged to the centre point of the ring. An independent claim is included for an electromechanical brake.

Turbo-shaft imbalance determining method for motor vehicle, involves evaluating occurrence of offset and occurrence of modulation within periodic electrical signals for determining imbalance of turbo-shaft

The method involves arranging a magnet on a turbo-shaft (5) and rotating the magnet with the turbo-shaft. A temporal change of a magnetic field is detected by a sensor, and the temporal change is converted into periodic electrical signals. The temporal change of the magnetic field is produced by the magnet in the sensor. An occurrence of an offset and an occurrence of modulation are evaluated within the periodic electrical signals for determining an imbalance of the turbo-shaft.

Method and driver circuit for resonant antenna circuit

A transmitter device comprising a resonant antenna circuit and a driver circuit. The resonant antenna circuit comprises three branches: a first branch with an inductor coil, a second branch with a first capacitance (C1), and a third branch with a second capacitance (C2) connected in series with a first switch (S1). The antenna circuit has a first and second resonance frequency respectively higher and lower than a target frequency, depending on whether the first switch is closed. The driver circuit monitors an oscillating voltage of the antenna circuit, and detects oscillations thereof, for example by detecting zero-crossing moments, and controls the first switch such that, on average, the number of oscillations of the oscillating voltage per time unit is equal to a predefined target frequency (ftarget). A driver circuit. A method of driving said resonant antenna circuit. A method of transmitting a modulated signal.

Method for charging particles suspended in gases

The invention concerns a method and apparatus for electrically charging particles of liquid or solid matter suspended in gases, especially in air. The particle carrying gas is irradiated with ultraviolet light having an energy below the threshold for ionization of the gas, but above the photoelectric threshold of the particles. The actual charging occurs by photoemission of electrons from the particles. The photoelectrons or negative small ions are removed from the neighborhood of the positively charged particles by diffusion to a charge absorbing surface. The photoelectric charging method and apparatus of the present invention are highly effective, particularly for very small particles and yields chemical information on the particles and their surface.

Method and device for measuring number concentration and mean diameter of particles suspended in a carrier gas

Method, subscriber device and radio communication system for transmitting group messages

Transferring useful data messages to one or more receivers in point-to-multipoint service involves notifying form of useful data messages prior to their transmission using planning information

The method involves transferring useful data messages from a network element of a radio communications system via at least one transmission channel to one or more subscriber devices of the radio communications system, whereby the form of the useful data messages is notified in advance prior to their transmission using planning information (C-Type,C-Raw,C-Cod,C-Param). Independent claims are also included for the following: (a) a subscriber device for a radio communications system for operation in accordance with the inventive method (b) and a radio communications system for implementing the inventive method.

Temperature sensor device

The invention relates to a temperature sensor device (100) comprising a support substrate (10), a first temperature measuring structure (T1) and a second temperature measuring structure (T2). Said support substrate (10) has a first area (B1) and a second area (B2), said first area (B1) being exposed to a gas flow when the temperature sensor device (100) is in operation and the second area (B2) is arranged at a predetermined distance in relation to the first area (B1) and in the axial direction along a longitudinal axis (L) of the support substrate (10). Said first temperature measuring structure (T1) is arranged in the first area (B1). The second measuring structure (T2) is arranged in the second area (B2).

Semiconductor circuits, devices and methods

A high-voltage sensing device providing full galvanic isolation between a high-voltage domain and a low-voltage domain, wherein the circuit topology of the device resembles that of a Wheatstone bridge, the Wheatstone bridge employing at least one voltage-controlled semiconductor resistor, wherein the circuit also comprises a reference source connected directly to the Wheatstone bridge and the device comprises a number of shielding structures to electrically isolate the high-voltage domain from the low-voltage domain.

Method for transmitting multicast messages in a radio system, and a correspondingly designed radio system and a correspondingly designed transmitter and receiver

Es wird ein Verfahren zum Übertragen von gleichzeitig für eine Gruppe von Empfängern (UE) bestimmten Multicast-Nachrichten in einem Funksystem, insbesondere einem UMTS-Mobilfunksystem, vorgeschlagen, wobei vor der Übertragung einer Multicast-Nachricht eine Ressourcenzuweisungsnachricht übertragen und anschließend von den zu der Gruppe (A) gehörenden Empfängern (UE) jeweils eine Verbindung zu dem Sender (BS, RNC) gemäß dieser Ressourcenzuweisungsnachricht aufgebaut wird. Erst dann erfolgt die Übertragung der Multicast-Nachricht von dem Sender (BS, RNC) über die somit aufgebauten Verbindungen an die einzelnen zu der Gruppe (A) gehörenden Empfänger (UE). A method is proposed for transmitting multicast messages simultaneously intended for a group of receivers (UE) in a radio system, in particular a UMTS mobile radio system, wherein a resource allocation message is transmitted before the multicast message is transmitted and then from the group to the group (A) belonging receivers (UE) each establish a connection to the transmitter (BS, RNC) according to this resource allocation message. Only then is the multicast message transmitted from the transmitter (BS, RNC) via the connections thus established to the individual receivers (UE) belonging to group (A).

Method for controlling a device, in particular, a prosthetic hand or a robotic arm

A method for controlling a device, in particular a prosthetic hand or a robotic arm, includes using an operator-mounted camera to detect at least one marker positioned on or in relation to the device. Starting from the detection of the at least one marker, a predefined movement of the operator together with the camera is detected and is used to trigger a corresponding action of the device. The predefined movement of the operator is detected in the form of a line of sight by means of camera tracking. A system for controlling a device, in particular a prosthetic hand or a robotic arm, includes a pair of AR glasses adapted to detect the at least one marker and to detect the predefined movement of the operator.

Fire detector and electrode arrangement

Method and apparatus for echo detection

A method for detecting and processing echo signals comprises detecting reflections of a transmitted signal as echo signals, obtaining digital magnitudes representative of an envelope of the echo signals over time, applying the digital magnitudes to a plurality of data storing cells, estimating a signal threshold by accumulating the digital magnitudes from a predetermined number of reference window cells (A1, A2) at each side of a predetermined cell-under-test in the plurality of data storing cells and multiplying the resulting accumulated signal by a predetermined first weight factor, thus obtaining an estimated signal threshold, comparing the threshold with the signal stored in the predetermined cell-under-test in the plurality of data storing cells, thus reducing chances of false detection.

Method for monitoring a soot particle filter

Verfahren zur Überwachung eines in einem Abgasstrang (9) angeordneten Rußpartikelfilters (5), bei dem ein in Strömungsrichtung hinter dem Rußpartikelfilter (5) angeordnete Rußsensor (6) in aufeinanderfolgenden Heizvorgängen (19) wiederholt aufgeheizt wird und mit Hilfe eines am Rußsensor (6) ausgebildeten Temperatursensors (8, 9) aus Kenngrößen des Heizvorgangs (19) die Rußbeladung des Rußsensors (6) bestimmt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen aufeinanderfolgenden Heizvorgängen (19) die Temperatur des Abgasstromes in Strömungsrichtung vor und hinter dem Rußpartikelfilter (5) gemessen und eine Temperaturdifferenz aus den gemessenen Temperaturen gebildet wird und mit einer aus den Parametern der Motorsteuerung bekannten strömenden Gasmenge die Exothermie eines Regenerationsvorgangs des Rußpartikelfilters (5) bestimmt wird, wobei die Exothermie anhand der Temperaturdifferenz und der bekannten strömenden Gasmenge bestimmt wird. Method for monitoring a soot particle filter (5) arranged in an exhaust system (9), in which a soot sensor (6) arranged downstream of the soot particle filter (5) in the flow direction is repeatedly heated in successive heating processes (19) and with the help of a soot sensor (6) formed temperature sensor (8, 9) from parameters of the heating process (19) the soot load of the soot sensor (6) is determined, characterized in that between successive heating processes (19) the temperature of the exhaust gas flow in the direction of flow before and after the soot particle filter (5) is measured and a temperature difference is formed from the measured temperatures and the exothermicity of a regeneration process of the soot particle filter (5) is determined with a flowing gas quantity known from the parameters of the engine control, the exothermicity being determined based on the temperature difference and the known flowing gas quantity.

DEVICE FOR QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DETECTION OF SUSPENDED PARTICLES CONTAINING HYDROCARBON IN GASES.

Aerosol particles, resulting from the combustion of organic substances with insufficient oxygen supply, usually contain toxic, higher hydrocarbonic substances (e.g. tar) on their surface. These substances, e.g. tar, has the property to be photoelectrically more active than other substances contained in the atmosphere. In the method and apparatus according to the invention an aerosol, i.e. the carrier gas containing the particles to be characterized, is used which has been brought to at least one predetermined temperature sufficient for evaporation or decomposition or preventing condensation of molecules on particles of said aerosol that quench or enhance photoelectric activity. Such aerosol is exposed to electromagnetic radiation and, thereby, activated to electron emission. Thereafter the charge of the photoelectrically positively charged particles is determined by means of size selective filter means which are connected to current or charge measuring equipment. From the measured values information can be derived about the nature and amount of said molecules and about the remaining surface of the aerosol particles. Additional information on the coatings and also on the species of hydrocarbon may be obtained by observing the measured values as a function of temperature. The method and apparatus are particularly useful for the measurement of air pollution.

Transmitter for power line communication

METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CLEAN OPERATION OF A VEHICLE OF A SOOT SENSOR IN A MOTOR VEHICLE AND / OR THE DETECTION OF OTHER COMPONENTS IN THE SOOT

Channel allocation of control and payload data in wireless communication systems

Vehicle braking device for determining a braking force in a vehicle's brake has a brake element bridged by a caliper, an actuator, a press-on element and a clamp element

A press-on element (18) fits between a brake element (12) and a caliper (22) and couples to an actuator (14) so that the actuator can press it onto the brake element and the caliper by creating braking force. A clamp element (30) fits on a side of the caliper opposite the brake element. The caliper and the clamp element form a single piece. An independent claim is also included for a vehicle's brake with a device for determining braking force.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A PARTICLE DETECTOR

Method for allocating transmission channels in a mobile radio cell for a multicast service

The invention relates to a method for allocating physical transmission channels (PMCH) in a mobile radio cell, in which a base station, linked with a node of a mobile communication network (RNC), and a plurality of mobile terminals (UE) are present. In all mobile terminals (UE) and in the node of the mobile communication network (RNC) the UMTS protocol architecture is implemented for at least the layer (2) and the layer (3) of the UMTS layer model. In at least one group of mobile terminals (UE) the physical transmission channel (PMCH) to be used for a multicast service is signaled for every mobile user terminal from the base station of the mobile radio cell. The aim of the invention is to make the allocation of physical transmission channels in a mobile radio cell for a multicast service more efficient. Signaling of the allocation of a physical transmission channel (PMCH) to one of the mobile user terminals (UE) of the group from the node of the mobile communication network (RNC) is carried out via the base station to the mobile user terminal (UE) by means of a general physical channel (S-CCPCH) and system information is made available in advance to the group of mobile user terminals (UE). Said system information contains the configurations of the physical transmission channels (PMCH) for the multicast service and of the general physical channel (S-CCPCH). The system information further contains the information that the signaling of the allocation of the physical transmission channels (PMCH) is carried out on the general physical channel (S-CCPCH).

Apparatus for the quantitative and qualitative characterization of hydrocarbon containing particles in a gas

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Aerosol particles, resulting from the combustion of organic substances with insufficient oxygen supply, usually contain toxic, higher hydrocarbonic substances (e.g. tar) on their sur-face. These substances, e.g. tar, has the property to be photo-electrically more active than other substances contained in the athmosphere. In the apparatus according to the invention the aerosol to be characterized is fed through a chamber and sub-jected to ultraviolet radiation. A controllable fan provides a desired flow velocity of the aerosol, contained in a carrier gas, through the chamber. Thereafter the charge of the photo-electrically positively charged particles is determined by means of size-selective filter means which are connected to current or charge measuring equipment. The measured values are proportional to the amount of tar present on the surface of the particles contained in the aerosol. The apparatus is particu-larly useful for the measurement of air pollution.

Method for feeding solid material to a mixing device, solid-material feeding device and mixing assembly

The invention relates to improvements in the technical field of feeding solid materials to mixing devices. For this purpose, the solid-material feeding device (3), inter alia, is proposed. The solid-material feeding device comprises the slide (9), which can be moved between a first end position and a second end position through a conveying connection (8), which is arranged between a funnel (5) and a solid-material outlet (7) of the solid-material feeding device (3). By means of the slide (9), adhesions within the conveying connection (8) can be loosened without having to remove the conveying connection (8).

USE OF 1-NONEN-3-ON AS A FLAVOR

METHOD FOR VEHICLE-BASED FUNCTIONAL DIAGNOSIS OF A SOOT SENSOR IN A MOTOR VEHICLE AND / OR FOR THE DETECTION OF OTHER CONSTITUENTS IN THE SOOT

Reduction of threshold voltage variation in transistors comprises forming layer of silicon-containing semiconductor alloy on silicon-containing crystalline semiconductor regions, and forming two gate electrode structures

Reduction of threshold voltage variation in transistors comprises forming layer of silicon-containing semiconductor alloy on first and second silicon-containing crystalline semiconductor regions; removing layer of silicon-containing semiconductor alloy selectively from second silicon-containing crystalline semiconductor region; forming first gate electrode structure of first transistor on layer of silicon-containing semiconductor alloy; and forming second gate electrode structure of second transistor above second silicon-containing crystalline semiconductor region. Reduction of threshold voltage variation in transistors comprises forming layer of silicon-containing semiconductor alloy on first silicon-containing crystalline semiconductor region and second silicon-containing crystalline semiconductor region; removing layer of silicon-containing semiconductor alloy selectively from second silicon-containing crystalline semiconductor region; forming first gate electrode structure of first transistor on layer of silicon-containing semiconductor alloy; and forming second gate electrode structure of second transistor above second silicon-containing crystalline semiconductor region. The first and second gate electrode structures comprise high-dielectric constant (high-k) dielectric gate insulation layer and metal-containing gate electrode material formed on high-k dielectric gate insulation layer of gate electrode structure. An independent claim is included for semiconductor device.

Method for producing high-temperature sensor for use in exhaust system of motor vehicle, involves providing portions of protective cover that forms the half-shells and merging the two half-shells of cover with each other

The method involves providing a first portion of a protective cover forming the half-shell (1), and placing a strip-shaped sensor element (6) in the half-shell. A second portion of the cover forming the half-shell (10) is provided, and the two half-shells of the cover are merged with each other. The sensor element is arranged at an end of the sensor. The measuring range (7) of the sensor element is formed corresponding to the strip-shaped outline of a half-shell. An independent claim is included for high temperature sensor.

Fire detector and electrode arrangement

Method for transferring cipher information to members of a multicast group

A method for communicating encoded information to subscribers of a multicast-group in a mobile RF network involves transmitting an encoded key and an actual encoding sequence-number, or parts of such a sequence number, over an aerial interface, via links protected from unauthorized tapping and which are dedicated to the receivers of the encoded information.

Method for determining the position of at least one subscriber terminal of a radio communications system, and corresponding radio communications system

Systems and methods for delivering pressurized fluid to a target site alone or in conjunction with therapeutic agents

A system suitable for delivering a therapeutic agent to a target site may include a container for holding a therapeutic agent; a pressure source having pressurized fluid, the pressure source in selective fluid communication with at least a portion of the container; a catheter in selective fluid communication with the container and configured for delivery of the therapeutic agent or the pressurized fluid to a target site; and a housing configured to securely retain the container and movably support a switch, where the switch is movable between a first position and a second position, where when the switch is in the first position, delivery of the therapeutic agent is prevented while delivery of the pressurized fluid is permitted, and where when the switch is in the second position, delivery of the therapeutic agent is permitted.

Reflector having a prismatic structure

The invention relates to a reflector having reflection prisms that has a holder for a luminous means, and to a luminaire in the case of which the reflector is permanently connected to the luminous means.

Apparatus and method for transmitting data packets

A communications apparatus having a transmission device, such as a mobile terminal (UE), and a reception device, such as a network control device (RNC), which are linked to one another via channels in a mobile communications network, for transmitting data packets between the transmission device and the reception device which comprise a control data part and a user data part, in which the transmission device has a splitting device for splitting a data packet which is to be transmitted, before transmission, into the control data part and the user data part over various channels of a transmission device which has a channel for the control data part and a channel for the user data part, and the reception device is designed to assemble the control data part and the user data part of the data packet, and also to a method which can be carried out using said communications apparatus.

Sensor device for the detection of a relative position

Disclosed is a sensor device comprising a sensor element (1), a transducer element (3), and a connection element (5). The sensor element (1) can be mechanically coupled to a first member (12) such that a position of the sensor element (1) represents a position of the first member (12). The transducer element (3) can be mechanically coupled to a second member (14) such that a position of the transducer element (3) represents a position of the second member (14). The connection element (5) is embodied in an elastic manner and sealingly encloses or sealingly fills an intermediate space between the sensor element (1) and the transducer element (3).

Landwirtschaftliches Erntefahrzeug

Erntefahrzeug, insbesondere Feldhäcksler oder Mähdrescher, mit einem Anbaurahmen (10), wobei der Anbaurahmen (10) eingerichtet ist, ein Vorsatzgerät an den Anbaurahmen (10) und über den Anbaurahmen (10) an das Erntefahrzeug zu koppeln, wobei der Anbaurahmen (10) eine Verriegelungseinrichtung (12) aufweist, die eingerichtet ist, das Vorsatzgerät im an den Anbaurahmen (10) angekoppelten Zustand zu verriegeln, wobei die Verriegelungseinrichtung (12) einen Betätigungshebel (17) und eine Übertragungsmechanik (20) zur Übertragung einer Betätigung des Betätigungshebels (17) auf Verriegelungselemente (18, 19) der Verriegelungseinrichtung (12) aufweist.

Uređaj za ablaciju iskre i postupak za generiranje nanočestica

Semiconductor circuits, devices and methods

Fluidbehälter und Fluidbehältervorrichtung für Fluide

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Fluidbehälter (110) und eine Fluidbehältervorrichtung (100) für ein Fluid, dessen Füllstand im Fluidbehälter (110) mittels eins Füllstandsensors (130) ermittelbar ist. Der erfindungsgemäße Fluidbehälter (110) weist eine Bodenwandung (112), eine von der Bodenwandung (112) beabstandet angeordnete Deckenwandung (114) und eine die Bodenwandung (112) mit der Deckenwandung (114) verbindende Seitenwandung (116) auf. Die Seitenwandung (116) umfasst eine sich nach außen konvex erstreckende Ausbuchtung (120), die sich zwischen der Bodenwandung (112) und der Deckenwandung (114) derart erstreckt, dass ein Füllstandsensoraufnahmebereich (122), der dazu ausgebildet ist, den zum Aussenden und Empfangen von Ultraschallsignalen ausgebildeten Füllstandsensor (130) aufzunehmen, und ein sich vom Füllstandsensoraufnahmebereich (122) in Richtung der Deckenwandung (114) erstreckender kanalförmiger Schallführungsbereich (124) gebildet wird, der dazu ausgebildet ist, die vom Füllstandsensor (130) ausgesendeten Ultraschallsignale zur Fluidoberfläche hin und zurück zu führen.

Motorrad mit bedienbarem multifunktionsgerät

Fluidbehälter und fluidbehältervorrichtung

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Fluidbehälter (110) und eine Fluidbehältervorrichtung (100) für ein Fluid, dessen Füllstand im Fluidbehälter (110) mittels eins Füllstandsensors (130) ermittelbar ist. Der erfindungsgemäße Fluidbehälter (110) weist eine Bodenwandung (112), eine von der Bodenwandung (112) beabstandet angeordnete Deckenwandung (114) und eine die Bodenwandung (112) mit der Deckenwandung (114) verbindende Seitenwandung (116) auf. Die Seitenwandung (116) umfasst eine sich nach außen konvex erstreckende Ausbuchtung (120), die sich zwischen der Bodenwandung (112) und der Deckenwandung (114) derart erstreckt, dass ein Füllstandsensoraufnahmebereich (122), der dazu ausgebildet ist, den zum Aussenden und Empfangen von Ultraschallsignalen ausgebildeten Füllstandsensor (130) aufzunehmen, und ein sich vom Füllstandsensoraufnahmebereich (122) in Richtung der Deckenwandung (114) erstreckender kanalförmiger Schallführungsbereich (124) gebildet wird, der dazu ausgebildet ist, die vom Füllstandsensor (130) ausgesendeten Ultraschallsignale zur Fluidoberfläche hin und zurück zu führen.

Antenne für ein Abgasbehandlungssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Abgasbehandlungssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Eine Antenne für ein Abgasbehandlungssystem (200) für ein Kraftfahrzeug weist auf:- ein Antennenelement (101) zum Senden und/oder Empfangen von Mikrowellen (103),- ein Anschlusselement (102) zum Anschließen der Antenne (100) an einen Hochfrequenzanreger (104) , das ein einem Ende (105) des Antennenelements (101) angeordnet ist,- eine Schutzhülse (106), die zumindest einen dem Ende (105) abgewandten Bereich (107) des Antennenelements (101) umgibt.

Halbleiterbauteil

Ein Halbleiterbauteil (10) zum Emittieren von Licht (12) mit einem Grundkörper (14), der mindestens einen Mesakörper (16) mit einem Emissionsbereich (18) für das Licht (12) aufweist, dem ein erster Spiegelabschnitt, ein zweiter Spiegelabschnitt und ein zwischen den beiden Spiegelabschnitten angeordneter aktiver Abschnitt zur Erzeugung des Lichts (12) zugeordnet sind, und mit elektrischen Kontakten (20) zum Einspeisen von elektrischer Energie in den aktiven Abschnitt, wobei auf einer Oberfläche (22) des Grundkörpers (14) mindestens ein sich bis zum Emissionsbereich (18) erstreckendes Stresselement (24) angebracht ist, das Teil eines elektrischen Kontakts (20) ist und in dem Grundkörper (14) eine Materialspannung (25) erzeugt, wobei ein Polarisationsgitter (30) auf der Oberfläche (22) des Mesakörpers (16) angeordnet ist und mit dem Emissionsbereich (18) zusammenwirkt, wobei eine Gitterausrichtung des Polarisationsgitters insbesondere 0°, 45° und/oder 90° mit einer Richtung einer überwiegenden Materialspannung (25) und/oder einer Längserstreckung des Stresselements (24) einschließt, sodass sich durch die Materialspannung und die Gitterausrichtung auf eine Eigenschaften, wie ein Polarisations-Extinktionsverhältnis, des emittierten Lichts (12) auswirken.

Verfahren, teilnehmergerät sowie funkkommunikationssystem zum übertragen von nutzdatennachrichten

Verfahren, teilnehmergerät sowie funkkommunikationssystem zum übertragen von nutzdatennachrichten

Production of nanostructured materials

The invention relates to a method for the production of materials. In particular the invention relates to nanostructured materials, and an apparatus and method for the production thereof. In accordance with the invention nanostructured materials are produced by the subsequent steps of producing nanoparticles; transporting the nanoparticles into, and optionally through, a porous carrier by a gas flow; and depositing the nanoparticles onto the surface of said porous carrier in an essentially isotropic manner.

Landwirtschaftliches Erntefahrzeug

Erntefahrzeug, insbesondere Feldhäcksler oder Mähdrescher, mit einem ein Einzugsgehäuse (10) aufweisenden Einzugswerk, mit einem Pendelrahmen (11), wobei der Pendelrahmen (11) eingerichtet ist, ein Vorsatzgerät an den Pendelrahmen (11) und über den Pendelrahmen (11) an das Erntefahrzeug zu koppeln, wobei am Einzugsgehäuse (10) eine gekrümmte Aufnahmeeinrichtung (16) befestigt ist, die zur Bereitstellung einer Pendelbewegung des Pendelrahmens (11) gegenüber dem Einzugsgehäuse (10) mit an dem Pendelrahmen (11) gelagerten Rollen (17) zusammenwirkt, und wobei die gekrümmte Aufnahmeeinrichtung (16) gegenüber dem Einzugsgehäuse (10) in Längsrichtung des Erntefahrzeugs verstellbar ist, um abhängig von der Relativposition zwischen Aufnahmeeinrichtung (16) und Einzugsgehäuse (10) einen Schnittwinkel für das an den Pendelrahmen (11) koppelbare Vorsatzgerät einzustellen.