Solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactor components, electrochemical reactors and use of membranes, reactor components, and reactor for oxidation reactions

Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst. The reactor cell may further comprise a catalyst in ...

Electrochemical apparatus

The electrical performance of an electrochemical apparatus such as a fuel cell and the durability of the fuel cell elements can be significantly enhanced and extended by the addition of an element between at least one electrode (the oxygen electrode and/or the fuel electrode) and the electrolyte. Performance can be additionally enhanced by the design of at least one electrode to alter its flow characteristics. An integrated separator element can additionally function as at least one electrode of the fuel cell.

Coated membranes

The invention relates to novel membranes, formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. One application is the separation of oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, and are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25° C. to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Electrochemical apparatus and process

The electrical performance of an electrochemical apparatus such as a fuel cell and the durability of the fuel cell elements can be significantly enhanced and extended by the addition of an element between at least one electrode (the oxygen electrode and/or the fuel electrode) and the electrolyte. Performance can be additionally enhanced by the design of at least one electrode to alter its flow characteristics. An integrated separator element can additionally function as at least one electrode of the fuel cell. The electrochemical apparatus is tolerant of the utilization of sulfur bearing fuels.

Process for the electrocatalytic oxidation of low molecular weight hydrocarbons to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons

An electrocatalytic process is described for producing higher molecular weight hydrocarbons from lower molecular weight hydrocarbons. The process is conducted in an electrogenerative cell and generally comprises the steps of (A) providing a fuel cell comprising a solid electrolyte having a first surface coated with conductive metal, metal oxide or mixtures thereof capable of catalyzing the reduction of oxygen to oxygen ions, and a second surface coated with metal, metal oxide or mixtures thereof, provided that when both coatings are silver coatings, or the first coating is silver and the second coating is a silver/bismuth coating, the second coating also contains at least one other metal, the two conductive coatings being connected by an external circuit, (B) passing an oxygen-containing gas in contact with the first conductive coating while, (C) passing a low molecular weight hydrocarbon-containing feed gas in contact with the second conductive coating, and (D) recovering higher molecular ...

Solid-component membranes electrochemical reactor components electrochemical reactors use of membranes reactor components and reactor for oxidation reactions

An electrochemical process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds from unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds and for extracting oxygen from a gas containing N2 O, NO, NO2, SO2, or SO3 is described. The process is characterized by the use of mixed metal oxide materials having a perovskite structure represented by the formula: As A't Bu B'v B"w Oxx wherein A represents a lanthanide or Y, or a mixture thereof; A' represents an alkaline earth metal or a mixture thereof; B represents Fe; B' represents Cr or Ti, or a mixture thereof; and B" represents Mn, Co, Vi, Ni or Cu, or a mixture thereof.

Solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactor components, electrochemical reactors and use of membranes, reactor components, and reactor for oxidation reactions

An electrochemical process for extracting oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas which uses an electrochemical cell having two zones separated by a multi-component membrane made from intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically conductive phase and an oxygen ion-conducting phase. In one zone a gas containing oxygen is passed in contact with the membrane. In the other zone a gas capable of reacting with oxygen is passed in contact with the membrane.

Microspheres for combined oxygen separation, storage and delivery

An article for the separation, storage and delivery of substantially pure oxygen, comprises a closed walled, hollow container wherein at least a portion of at least one wall of the container is an oxygen separation material, providing a sole means for transporting substantially all oxygen into the container. An apparatus for the delivery of oxygen comprises means for transferring oxygen from a fluid containing oxygen to at least one such container at elevated temperature and pressure. The apparatus can provide means for transporting said the substantially pure oxygen-bearing container, means for storing said the container, and means for extracting oxygen from the container. A process includes filling the article with substantially pure oxygen, and, storing the substantially pure oxygen within the container for a selected period of time. The process may include releasing the oxygen from the container. The process may be used for the purification of oxygen, or the purification of a fluid ...

Solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactor components, electrochemical reactors and use of membranes, reactor components, and reactor for oxidation reactions

An electrochemical process for producing unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds from unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds and for extracting oxygen from a gas containing N2 O, NO, NO2, SO2, or SO3 is described. The process is characterized by the use of mixed metal oxide materials having a perovskite structure represented by the formula: As A't Bu B'v B"w Oxx wherein A represents a lanthanide or Y, or a mixture thereof; A' represents an alkaline earth metal or a mixture thereof; B represents Fe; B' represents Cr or Ti, or a mixture thereof; and B" represents Mn, Co, V, Ni, or Cu, or a mixture thereof.

Electrocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons to unsaturated hydrocarbons

An electrocatalytic process is described for producing unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds from saturated hydrocarbon compounds. The process is conducted in an electrogenerative cell and generally comprises the steps of (A) providing a fuel cell comprising a solid electrolyte having a first surface coated with conductive metal, metal oxide or mixtures thereof capable of catalyzing the reduction of oxygen to oxygen ions, and a second surface coated with metal, metal oxide or mixtures thereof, the two conductive coatings being connected by an external circuit, (B) passing an oxygen-containing gas in contact with the first conductive coating while, (C) passing the saturated hydrocarbon compound-containing feed gas in contact with the second conductive coating, and (D) recovering unsaturated hydrocarbons. In a preferred embodiment, the conductive metal coating on the first and second surfaces comprises a silver-containing metal composition. In another preferred embodiment, the invention comprises ...

Process for the electrocatalytic conversion of light hydrocarbons to synthesis gas

An electrocatalytic process is described for producing synthesis gas from light hydrocarbons such as methane or natural gas. The process generally comprises the steps of (A) providing an electrochemical cell comprising a solid electrolyte having a first surface coated with conductive metal, metal oxide or mixtures thereof capable of facilitating the reduction of oxygen to oxygen ions, and a second surface coated with conductive metal, metal oxide or mixtures thereof, provided that both coatings are stable at the operating temperatures, (B) heating the cell to a temperature of at least 1000° C., (C) passing an oxygen-containing gas in contact with the first conductive coating, (D) passing methane, natural gas or other light hydrocarbons in contact with the second conductive coating, and (E) recovering synthesis gas.

Solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactor components, electrochemical reactors and use of membranes, reactor components, and reactor for oxidation reactions

Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst. The reactor cell may further comprise a catalyst in ...

Oxygen permeable mixed conductor membranes

The present invention relates to novel solid state mixed conductor membranes and their use for separating oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes comprise a multicomponent metallic oxide of substantially cubic perovskite structure, stable in air over the temperature range of 25°-950° C., having no connected through porosity wherein the membrane is of a composition represented by the formula ?A1-x A'x !?Co1-y-z By B'z !O3-δ, where A≡Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof; A'≡La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B≡Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, and mixtures thereof; B'≡Cu, Ni, and mixtures thereof; ∼0.0001≦×≦∼0.1; ∼0.002≦y<0.05; ∼0.0005≦z≦∼0.3; δ is determined by the valence of the metals.

Oxygen permeable mixed conductor membranes

The present invention relates to novel solid state mixed conductor membranes and their use for separating oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes comprise a multicomponent metallic oxide of substantially cubic perovskite structure, stable in air over the temperature range of 25°-950° C., having no connected through porosity wherein the membrane is of a composition represented by the formula ?A1-x A'x !?Co1-y-z By B'z !O3-δ, where A≡Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof; A'≡La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B≡Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, and mixtures thereof; B'≡Cu, Ni, and mixtures thereof; ∼0.0001≦x≦∼0.1; ∼0.002≦y<0.05; ∼0.0005≦z≦∼0.3; δ is determined by the valence of the metals.

Microspheres for combined oxygen separation, storage and delivery

An article for the separation, storage and delivery of substantially pure oxygen, comprises a closed walled, hollow container wherein at least a portion of at least one wall of the container is an oxygen separation material, providing a sole means for transporting substantially all oxygen into the container. An apparatus for the delivery of oxygen comprises means for transferring oxygen from a fluid containing oxygen to at least one such container at elevated temperature and pressure. The apparatus can provide means for transporting said the substantially pure oxygen-bearing container, means for storing said the container, and means for extracting oxygen from the container. A process includes filling the article with substantially pure oxygen, and, storing the substantially pure oxygen within the container for a selected period of time. The process may include releasing the oxygen from the container. The process may be used for the purification of oxygen, or the purification of a fluid ...

Tube and shell reactor with oxygen selective ion transport ceramic reaction tubes

A reactor comprising: a hollow shell defining a hermetic enclosure; a plurality of tube sheets disposed within said hermetic enclosure, a first one of said plurality of tube sheets defining a first chamber; at least one reaction tube each having a first end and an opposing second end, said first end being fixedly attached and substantially hermetically sealed to one end of said plurality of tube sheets and opening into said first chamber, the second end being axially unrestrained; each of said reaction tubes is comprised of an oxygen selective ion transport membrane with an anode side wherein said oxygen selective ion transport membrane is formed from a mixed conductor metal oxide that is effective for the transport of elemental oxygen at elevated temperatures and at least a portion of said first and second heat transfer sections are formed of metal; each of said reaction tubes includes first and second heat transfer sections and a reaction section, said reaction section disposed between ...

Process for the partial oxydation of hydrocarbons

The invention relates to a process for the partial oxidation of C1 to C4 hydrocarbons, using novel membranes formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. The process uses membranes that are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, which are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25° C. to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Oxygen permeable mixed conductor membranes

The present invention relates to novel solid state mixed conductor membranes and their use for separating oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes comprise a multicomponent metallic oxide of substantially cubic perovskite structure, stable in air over the temperature range of 25°-950° C., having no connected through porosity wherein the membrane is of a composition represented by the formula [A1-x A'x ][Co1-y-z By B'z ]O3-δ, where A≡Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof; A'≡La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B≡Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, and mixtures thereof; B'≡Cu, Ni, and mixtures thereof; ∼0.0001≦x≦∼0.1; ∼0.002≦y<0.05; ∼0.0005≦z≦∼0.3; δ is determined by the valence of the metals.

HIGH TEMPERATURE GAS PROCESSING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME

A membrane for use in a high temperature gas processing system and method for making the same. The membrane includes a dense, gas impermeable layer and a first and second porous layer, wherein each of the first and second porous layers is a ceramic oxide material having a non-symmetrical load bearing skeleton of a plurality of pores having a graded porosity. Each porous layer provides a reduction of an oxygen partial pressure gradient across the dense layer and reduces resultant stresses in the dense layer that are small compared to its strength thereby improving long term mechanical durability of the dense layer. 1. A membrane for use in a high temperature gas processing system , the membrane comprising:a dense, gas impermeable layer, wherein the dense layer is a ceramic oxide material that conducts ions, electrons, and combinations thereof;a first and second porous layer, wherein each of the first and second porous layers is a ceramic oxide material having a non-symmetrical load bearing skeleton of a plurality of pores having a graded porosity, and wherein the dense layer is positioned between the first and second porous layers such that a first gas is contactable with the first porous layer of the membrane and a second gas is contactable with the second porous layer, wherein each porous layer provides a reduction of an oxygen partial pressure gradient across the dense layer and reduces resultant stresses in the dense layer that are small compared to its strength thereby improving long term mechanical durability of the dense layer.2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic oxide material of the dense layer includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of a perovskite claim 1 , a fluorite claim 1 , a precious metal claim 1 , a lanthanum chromite claim 1 , a yttrium chromite claim 1 , a nickel ferrite claim 1 , a doped strontium titanate and derivatives thereof claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The membrane of claim 2 , wherein the ...

Tube and shell reactor with oxygen selective ion transport ceramic reaction tubes

A reactor comprising: a hollow shell defining a hermetic enclosure; a plurality of tube sheets disposed within said hermetic enclosure, a first one of said plurality of tube sheets defining a first chamber; at least one reaction tube each having a first end and an opposing second end, said first end being fixedly attached and substantially hermetically sealed to one end of said plurality of tube sheets and opening into said first chamber, the second end being axially unrestrained; each of said reaction tubes is comprised of an oxygen selective ion transport membrane with an anode side wherein said oxygen selective ion transport membrane is formed from a mixed conductor metal oxide that is effective for the transport of elemental oxygen at elevated temperatures and at least a portion of said first and second heat transfer sections are formed of metal; each of said reaction tubes includes first and second heat transfer sections and a reaction section, said reaction section disposed between said first and second heat transfer sections; a reforming catalyst disposed about said anode side of said oxygen selective ion transport membrane; a first process gas inlet; a second process gas inlet; and, a plurality of outlets.

Coated membranes

The invention relates to novel membranes, formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. One application is the separation of oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, and are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25°C to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactor components, electrochemical reactors and use of membranes, reactor components, and reactor for oxidation reactions

Solid membranes comprising an intimate, gas-impervious, multi-phase mixture of an electronically-conductive material and an oxygen ion-conductive material and/or a mixed metal oxide of a perovskite structure are described. Electrochemical reactor components, such as reactor cells, and electrochemical reactors are also described for transporting oxygen from any oxygen-containing gas to any gas or mixture of gases that consume oxygen. The reactor cells generally comprise first and second zones separated by an element having a first surface capable of reducing oxygen to oxygen ions, a second surface capable of reacting oxygen ions with an oxygen-consuming gas, an electron-conductive path between the first and second surfaces and an oxygen ion-conductive path between the first and second surfaces. The element may further comprise (1) a porous substrate, (2) an electron-conductive metal, metal oxide or mixture thereof and/or (3) a catalyst. The reactor cell may further comprise a catalyst in the zone which comprises a passageway from an entrance end to an exit end of the element. Processes described which may be conducted with the disclosed reactor cells and reactors include, for example, the partial oxidation of methane to produce unsaturated compounds or synthesis gas, the partial oxidation of ethane, substitution of aromatic compounds, extraction of oxygen from oxygen-containing gases, including oxidized gases, ammoxidation of methane, etc. The extraction of oxygen from oxidized gases may be used for flue or exhaust gas cleanup.

SYNTHESIS GAS REACTOR WITH CERAMIC MEMBRANE.

SE COMBINAN TERMICAMENTE UNA REACCION EXOTERMICA Y UNA REACCION ENDOTERMICA EN UN REACTOR QUE TIENE AL MENOS UNA MEMBRANA DE TRANSPORTE IONICO, SELECTIVA AL OXIGENO, QUE PROPORCIONA LA REACCION EXOTERMICA CON OXIGENO A PARTIR DE UN GAS QUE CONTENGA OXIGENO, COMO AIRE. LOS REQUERIMIENTOS TERMICOS DE LA REACCION ENDOTERMICA SON SATISFECHOS POR LA REACCION EXOTERMICA. DEPENDIENDO DEL DISEÑO DEL REACTOR EMPLEADO, LAS REACCIONES EXOTERMICA Y ENDOTERMICA SE PUEDEN COMBINAR GASEOSAMENTE. THERE IS AN EXOTHERMAL REACTION AND AN ENDOTHERMAL REACTION IN A REACTOR THAT HAS AT LEAST ONE IONIC TRANSPORTATION MEMBRANE, SELECTED TO THE OXYGEN, THAT PROVIDES THE EXOTHERMAL REACTION WITH OXYGEN FROM A GAS CONTAINING OXYGEN,. THE THERMAL REQUIREMENTS OF ENDOTHERMAL REACTION ARE SATISFIED BY EXOTHERMAL REACTION. DEPENDING ON THE DESIGN OF THE EMPLOYEE REACTOR, EXOTHERMAL AND ENDOTHERMAL REACTIONS CAN BE COMBINED GASINGLY.

High performance ceramic fuel cell interconnect with integrated flowpaths and method for making same

A method, apparatus and assembly related to solid oxide fuel cell interconnects is disclosed. In its broadest embodiment, the invention contemplates a multi-layered ceramic interconnect having integrated flow fields and electrical connections. The method of making this interconnect includes judicious selection of materials, formation of appropriate apertures for the flow fields and electrical connectors, and the joining of the layers through a firing and/or sealing process.

Electrochemical apparatus and process

The electrical performance of an electrochemical apparatus such as a fuel ce ll (1) and the durability of the fuel cell elements can be significantly enhanced and extended by the addition of an element between th e at least one electrode (the oxygen electrode (5) and/or the fuel electrode (4)) and the electrolyte (6). Performance can be additionally enhanced by the design of at least one electrode to alter its flow characteristics. An integrated separator (2, 3) can additionally function as at least one electrode of the fuel cell (1). The electrochemical apparatus is tolerant of the utilization of sulfur bearing fuels.

ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTORS AND MEMBRANES OF VARIOUS USEFUL COMPONENTS FOR OXIDATION REACTIONS.

UNA MEMBRANA MULTICOMPONENTE SOLIDA PARA SER UTILIZADA EN UN REACTOR ELECTROQUIMICO QUE SE CARACTERIZA POR UN MATERIAL MIXTO DE OXIDO DE METAL QUE TIENE UNA ESTRUCTURA DE PEROVSKITE QUE COMPRENDE (1) UN LANTANIDO, Y, O UNA COMBINACION DE UN LATANIDO Y Y, (2) UN METAL TERROSO ALCALINO, (3) FE, Y (4) CR, TI, O UNA COMBINACION DE CR Y TI. TAMBIEN SE REQUIERE UN ELEMENTO PARA SER UTILIZADO EN UN REACTOR ELECTROQUIMICO O CELULA DE REACTOR QUE POSEA UNA PRIMERA SUPERFICIE CAPAZ DE REDUCIR EL OXIGENO A IONES DE OXIGENO, UNA SEGUNDA SUPERFICIE CAPAZ DE HACER REACCIONAR IONES DE OXIGENO CON UN GAS CONSUMIDOR DE OXIGENO, UNA VIA DE CONDUCCION DE ELECTRONES ENTRE LA PRIMERA Y SEGUNDA SUPERFICIE Y UNA VIA DE CONDUCCION DE IONES DE OXIGENO ENTRE LA PRIMERA Y SEGUNDA SUPERFICIE CARACTERIZADA POR CONSISTIR EL ELEMENTO DE (A) UN MATERIAL MIXTO DE OXIDO DE METAL QUE POSEE UNA ESTRUCTURA DE PEROVSKISTE Y (B) UNA CAPA CONDUCTORA, UN CATALIZADOR, O UNA CAPA CONDUCTORA QUE COMPRENDE UN CATALIZADOR. LA INVENCIONPERMITE EL REALIZAR UNA SERIE DE REACCIONES ELECTROQUIMICAS. A MULTICOMPONENT SOLID MEMBRANE TO BE USED IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR THAT IS CHARACTERIZED BY A MIXED METAL OXIDE MATERIAL THAT HAS A PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE THAT INCLUDES (1) A LANTANIDE, AND, OR A COMBINATION OF A LATANIDE AND A METAL TERROSO ALLCALINO, (3) FAITH, AND (4) CR, IT, OR A COMBINATION OF CR AND IT. IT IS ALSO REQUIRED AN ELEMENT TO BE USED IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR OR REACTOR CELL THAT POSSESSES A FIRST CAPABLE SURFACE TO REDUCE THE OXYGEN TO OXYGEN IONS, A SECOND SURFACE ABLE TO MAKE AN OXYGEN OXYGEN CONSIDERATION OF ELECTRONIC DRIVING BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND SURFACE AND AN OXYGEN ION DRIVING ROAD BETWEEN THE FIRST AND SECOND SURFACE CHARACTERIZED BY CONSISTING THE ELEMENT OF (A) A MIXED METAL OXIDE MATERIAL THAT POSSESSES A STRUCTURE AND PEROVSKISTE ) A DRIVING COAT, A CATALYST, OR A DRIVING COAT THAT INCLUDES A CATALYST. THE INVENTION ALLOWS TO PERFORM A SERIES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS.

Electrochemical apparatus and process

The electrical performance of an electrochemical apparatus such as a fuel cell (1) and the durability of the fuel cell elements can be significantly enhanced and extended by the addition of an element between the at least one electrode (the oxygen electrode (5) and/or the fuel electrode (4)) and the electrolyte (6). Performance can be additionally enhanced by the design of at least one electrode to alter its flow characteristics. An integrated separator (2, 3) can additionally function as at least one electrode of the fuel cell (1). The electrochemical apparatus is tolerant of the utilization of sulfur bearing fuels.

Electrochemical apparatus and process

Method for steam reforming hydrocarbons using a sulfur-tolerant catalyst

Oxygen permeable mixed conductor membranes

The present invention relates to novel solid state mixed conductor membranes and their use for separating oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes comprise a multicomponent metallic oxide of substantially cubic perovskite structure, stable in air over the temperature range of 25-950°C, having no connected through porosity wherein the membrane is of a composition represented by the formula [A1-xA'x][Co1-y-zByB'z]O3-.delta., where A - Ca, Sr, Ba, and mixtures thereof; A' - La, Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Th, U, and mixtures thereof; B = Fe, Mn, Cr, V, Ti, and mixtures thereof; B' - Cu, Ni, and mixtures thereof; ?0.0001 x ?0.1; ?0.002 y < 0.05; ?0.0005 z ?0.3; .delta. is determined by the valence of the metals.

Electrochemical reactors and multicomponent membranes useful for oxidation reactions

Process for producing a syngas

An exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction are thermally combined in a reactor having at least one oxygen selective ion transport membrane that provides the exothermic reaction with oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas such as air. The thermal requirements of the endothermic reaction are satisfied by the exothermic reaction. Dependent on the reactor design employed, the exothermic and endothermic reactions may be gaseously combined.

Syngas reactor and ceramic membrane

An exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction are thermally combined in a reactor having at least one oxygen selective ion transport membrane that provides the exothermic reaction with oxygen from an oxygen-containing gas such as air. The thermal requirements of the endothermic reaction are satisfied by the exothermic reaction. Dependent on the reactor design employed, the exothermic and endothermic reactions may be gaseously combined.

Coated membranes

The invention relates to novel membranes, formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. One application is the separation of oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, and are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25°C to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Solid multi-component membranes for reactions.

Method for making a fuel cell

The invention is a novel solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack comprising individual bi-electrode supported fuel cells in which an electrolyte layer is supported between porous electrodes. The porous electrodes may be made from graded pore ceramic tape that has been created by the freeze cast method followed by freeze-drying. Each piece of graded pore tape later becomes a graded pore electrode scaffold that, subsequent to sintering, is made into either an anode or a cathode. The electrode scaffold comprising the anode includes a layer of liquid metal. The pores of the electrode scaffolds gradually increase in diameter as the layer extends away from the electrolyte layer. As a result of this diameter increase, any forces that would tend to pull the liquid metal away from the electrolyte are reduced while maintaining a diffusion path for the fuel. Advantageously, the fuel cell of the invention may utilize a hydrocarbon fuel without pre-processing to remove sulfur.

Electrochemical apparatus

The electrical performance of an electrochemical apparatus such as a fuel cell and the durability of the fuel cell elements can be significantly enhanced and extended by the addition of an element between at least one electrode (the oxygen electrode and/or the fuel electrode) and the electrolyte. Performance can be additionally enhanced by the design of at least one electrode to alter its flow characteristics. An integrated separator element can additionally function as at least one electrode of the fuel cell.

Electrochemical apparatus

Ingredients for use in electrochemical cells and their use in oxygen separation

Electrocatalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons to unsaturated hydrocarbons

PROCEDURE FOR ELECTROCATALYTIC CONVERSION OF LIGHT HYDROCARBONES TO SYNTHESIC GAS.

Internal fuel staging for improved fuel cell performance

A fuel cell having an anode and a cathode side with fuel flowing over the anode side and air over the cathode side has a staging plate located on the anode side of the fuel cell to divide the flow of fuel to two different sections of the anode. A second staging plate may be used to divide the flow of fuel to three different sections of the anode and various apertures may be formed in the plates, such as rectangles triangles or ovals, to direct fuel flow to desired areas of the anode.

Components for electrochemical cells and their use in oxygen separation

High performance ceramic fuel cell interconnect with integrated flowpaths and method for making same

A method, apparatus and assembly related to solid oxide fuel cell interconnects is disclosed. In its broadest embodiment, the invention contemplates a multi- layered ceramic interconnect having integrated flow fields and electrical connections. The method of making this interconnect includes judicious selection of materials, formation of appropriate apertures for the flow fields and electrical connectors, and the joining of the layers through a firing and/or sealing process.

Coated membranes

The invention relates to novel membranes, formed from perovskitic or multi-phase structures, with a chemically active coating which demonstrate exceptionally high rates of fluid flux. One application is the separation of oxygen from oxygen-containing feeds at elevated temperatures. The membranes are conductors of oxygen ions and electrons, and are substantially stable in air over the temperature range of 25°C to the operating temperature of the membrane.

Electrochemical apparatus and process

The electrical performance of an electrochemical apparatus such as a fuel cell (1) and the durability of the fuel cell elements can be significantly enhanced and extended by the addition of an element between the at least one electrode (the oxygen electrode (5) and/or the fuel electrode (4)) and the electrolyte (6). Performance can be additionally enhanced by the design of at least one electrode to alter its flow characteristics. An integrated separator (2, 3) can additionally function as at least one electrode of the fuel cell (1). The electrochemical apparatus is tolerant of the utilization of sulfur bearing fuels.

Internal fuel staging for improved fuel cell performance

Feste mehrkomponenten-membranen, elektrochemischer reaktor und anwendung dieser membranen und dieses reaktors für oxidationsreaktionen

Solid,multi-component membranes,electrochemical reactor components,electrochemical reactors and use of membranes,reactor components and reactor for oxidation reactions

Solid multi-component membranes, electrochemical reactors containing the membranes and reactors for oxidation reactions

Solid multi-component membranes,electro-chemical reactor and use of membranes and reactor for oxidation reactions

Komponenten für elektrochemische zellen und ihre verwendung in sauerstofftrennung

Für oxydationsreaktionen nützliche elektrochemische reaktoren und mehrkomponenten- membranen