Cryogenic air separation with once-through main condenser

A cryogenic air separation system wherein nitrogen vapor from a higher pressure column and oxygen liquid from a lower pressure column each pass down through a once-through main condenser in heat exchange relation and some but not all of the oxygen liquid is vaporized such that the oxygen liquid and vapor exit the condenser in a liquid to vapor mass flowrate ratio within the range of from 0.05 to 0.5 whereby the need for a recirculation pump to ensure avoidance of oxygen boiling to dryness is eliminated.

Packing for mass transfer column

A packing section includes a plurality of vertically oriented, diagonally cross-corrugated packing sheets defining a section height. The section height has a base region, a bulk region, and a top region. The base region has a first particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region. The top region has a second particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region, and different from the first particular geometry of the base region.

Packing for mass transfer column

A packing section includes a plurality of vertically oriented, diagonally cross-corrugated packing sheets defining a section height. The section height has a base region, a bulk region, and a top region. The base region has a first particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region. The top region has a second particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region, and different from the first particular geometry of the base region.

Packing for mass transfer column

A packing section includes a plurality of vertically oriented, diagonally cross-corrugated packing sheets defining a section height. The section height has a base region, a bulk region, and a top region. The base region has a first particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region. The top region has a second particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region, and different from the first particular geometry of the base region.

System for cooling a power transformer

A system for cooling a power transformer wherein cryogen in liquid or solid form is sprayed into a vaporizer or directly onto a power transformer radiator and the vaporizing and/or sublimating cryogen cools a cooling fluid within the vaporizer or cools the radiator directly to provide cooling to the power transformer.

Cryogenic air separation main condenser system with enhanced boiling and condensing surfaces

A cryogenic air separation system having a main condenser comprising a plurality of tubes having fluted external condensing surfaces upon which downflowing nitrogen vapor condenses, and having structured internal boiling surfaces upon which downflowing oxygen liquid vaporizes.

Corrugated steel structure

STRUCTURED PACKING MODULE FOR MASS TRANSFER COLUMN AND PROCESS INVOLVING SAME

A cross-corrugated structure packing module is provided for use in mass transfer or heat exchange columns and has particular applicability in severe service applications in which fouling, coking, and erosion are of concern. The structured packing module has a plurality of upright, parallel-extending, corrugated plates. Spacer elements are used to maintain the corrugations of adjacent plates in spaced apart relationship to reduce the opportunity for solids to accumulate on the surfaces of the plates. The plates are also free of apertures or surface treatments that would increase the opportunity for solids to accumulate on the plates. 1. A structured packing module comprising:a plurality of upright, parallel-extending, plates having corrugations, the plates being arranged with the corrugations of adjacent plates extending in a criss-crossing fashion; andspacer elements that secure the plates in spaced-apart relationship with the corrugations of adjacent plates spaced from and not in contact with each other or other structures along substantially an entire length of the corrugations to form an open spacing between facing surfaces of the plates, wherein said surfaces of the plates and said open spacing between the plates form generally unimpeded flow paths for fluids.2. The structured packing module of claim 1 , wherein the corrugations extend along an entire surface of each plate.3. The structured packing module of claim 1 , wherein the surfaces of the plates are smooth and generally free of texturing.4. The structured packing module of claim 1 , wherein the spacer elements comprise rods extending through the plates.5. The structured packing module of claim 4 , wherein the plates have a top and a bottom edge and said rods extend through said top and bottom edges.6. The structure packing module of claim 5 , wherein said plates have apertures at said top and bottom edges and said rods extend through said apertures.7. The structure packing module of claim 6 , wherein said ...

MAIN HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REBOILING

A method and main heat exchange system for use in a cryogenic air separation plant in which down-flow and thermosiphon heat exchangers are employed to partially vaporize an oxygen-rich liquid produced in a lower pressure column and to condense the nitrogen-rich vapor in a higher pressure column. A greater proportion of the oxygen-rich liquid can be partially vaporized in the down-flow heat exchangers than in the thermosiphon heat exchangers and the nitrogen-rich vapor condensed in the thermosiphon heat exchangers can have a higher oxygen content than the nitrogen-rich vapor condensed in the down-flow heat exchangers. This allows the higher pressure column to operate at a lower pressure than would otherwise be possible. A central conduit can extend from the higher pressure column into the lower pressure column to introduce the nitrogen-rich vapor into at least the down-flow heat exchangers for purposes of reducing pressure drop and column height. 1. A method of reboiling a lower pressure column of a double column arrangement , said method comprising:partially vaporizing an oxygen-rich liquid within a down-flow heat exchange zone and a thermosiphon heat exchange zone, situated below the down-flow heat exchange zone;the oxygen-rich liquid produced as a result of a distillation of an oxygen and nitrogen containing mixture within the lower pressure column and the partial vaporization of the oxygen-rich liquid initiating the formation of an ascending vapor phase of the oxygen and nitrogen containing mixture to be distilled within the lower pressure column;partially vaporizing a greater proportion of the oxygen-rich liquid within the down-flow heat exchange zone than within the thermosiphon heat exchange zone and at a lower temperature difference than that of the thermosiphon heat exchange zone;the partial vaporization of the oxygen-rich liquid within the down-flow heat exchange zone occurring through indirect heat exchange between the oxygen-rich liquid, as the oxygen- ...

MOISTURE-CURABLE, SEMI-CRYSTALLINE (METH) ACRYLIC OLIGOMERS, AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INCLUDING THE SAME

A composition including at least one moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomer represented by the formula: 1. A composition comprising at least one moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomer represented by the formula:{'sub': 1', '16', '40, 'Ris independently a Cto Calkyl group;'}{'sub': 2', '16', '40, 'Ris independently a Cto Calkyl group;'}{'sub': '3', 'each Ris independently a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group;'}X is a chain transfer agent as defined further below;Y is independently selected to be a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group;a, b and c are each independently selected to be an integer of at least 10, and a+b+c≦1500;n≧1; andp is 0, 1, 2, or 3.wherein: This application is a continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 14/648,470, filed May 29, 2015, which is a national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/028519, filed Mar. 1, 2013, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/746,143, filed Dec. 27, 2012, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.The present disclosure relates to moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomers, and more particularly to the use of such oligomers in the manufacture of construction articles, for example, roofing granules used in asphalt shingles.Moisture-curing polymer systems, including moisture-curing siloxane polymers (i.e. silicones), are known. Siloxane polymers have unique properties derived mainly from the physical and chemical characteristics of the siloxane bond. These properties include low glass transition temperature, thermal and oxidative stability, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, low surface energy and hydrophobicity, high permeability to many gases, and biocompatibility. The siloxane polymers, however, often lack tensile strength.The low tensile strength of the siloxane polymers can be improved by forming block copolymers. Some block copolymers contain a “soft” siloxane ...

Moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth) acrylic oligomers, and construction materials including the same

A composition including at least one moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomer represented by the formula: wherein R 1 is independently a C 16 to C 40 alkyl group; R 2 is independently a C 16 to C 40 alkyl group; each R 3 is independently a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group; X is a chain transfer agent as defined further below; Y is independently selected to be a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group; a, b and c are each independently selected to be an integer of at least 10, and a+b+c≦1500; n≧1; and p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. The oligomer may be used advantageously as a coating, primer or adhesion promoter in construction articles, for example, adhesives, caulks, grouts, pavement markings, paving materials, ceramic tiles, or roofing granules.

Moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomers and methods of making and using same in adhesive articles

A composition suitable for use as a low adhesion backsize or a primer for low surface energy adhesives, including the reaction product of at least one moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomer represented by the formula: wherein R 1 is independently a C 16 to C 40 alkyl group; R 2 is independently a C 1 to C 40 alkyl group; each R 3 is independently a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group; X is a chain transfer agent as defined further below; Y is independently selected to be a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group; a, b and c are each independently selected to be an integer of at least 10, and a+b+c<1500; n>1; and p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. Articles and methods of using the composition as a low adhesion backsize or a primer for a low surface energy adhesive are also described.

MAIN HEAT EXCHANGE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REBOILING

A method and main heat exchange system for use in a cryogenic air separation plant in which down-flow and thermosiphon heat exchangers are employed to partially vaporize an oxygen-rich liquid produced in a lower pressure column and to condense the nitrogen-rich vapor in a higher pressure column. A greater proportion of the oxygen-rich liquid can be partially vaporized in the down-flow heat exchangers than in the thermosiphon heat exchangers and the nitrogen-rich vapor condensed in the thermosiphon heat exchangers can have a higher oxygen content than the nitrogen-rich vapor condensed in the down-flow heat exchangers. This allows the higher pressure column to operate at a lower pressure than would otherwise be possible. A central conduit can extend from the higher pressure column into the lower pressure column to introduce the nitrogen-rich vapor into at least the down-flow heat exchangers for purposes of reducing pressure drop and column height. 112-. (canceled)13. A main heat exchange system for reboiling a lower pressure column of a double column arrangement , the main heat exchange system comprising:a plurality of down-flow heat exchangers and a plurality of thermosiphon heat exchangers situated below the plurality of down-flow heat exchangers for partially vaporizing an oxygen-rich liquid produced as a result of a distillation of an oxygen and nitrogen containing mixture within the lower pressure column and initiating the formation of an ascending vapor phase of the oxygen and nitrogen containing mixture to be distilled within the lower pressure column;the plurality of the down-flow heat exchangers configured to partially vaporize a greater proportion of the oxygen-rich liquid than the plurality of the thermosiphon heat exchangers and the plurality of the down-flow heat exchangers and the plurality of thermosiphon heat exchangers having condensing sides connected to the higher pressure column of the double column arrangement so that at least one nitrogen-rich ...

Downflow plate and fin heat exchanger for cryogenic rectification

A downflow heat exchanger, particularly applicable as the main condenser/reboiler of a double column cryogenic air separation plant, wherein liquid distribution for uniform flow is carried out above the vapor passages and the well distributed liquid is passed into the liquid passages, preferably angularly onto the bridge fins, and then down through the liquid passages cocurrently with vapor in adjacent vapor passages.

Method for operating a cryogenic rectification column

Structured column packing with liquid holdup

Cryogenic rectification system with high strength and high capacity packing

A cryogenic rectification system and a packing module and column suitable for cryogenic rectification having packing sheets with top and bottom modifications in alternating sequence and preferably having top and bottom edges terminating in planes wherein capacity and mass transfer efficiency is enhanced and mechanical strength is not compromised.

Cryogenic rectification system for producing low purity oxygen and high purity oxygen

A cryogenic rectification system employing an additional rectifying section in parallel with the lower section of the lower pressure column of a double column for producing product oxygen at both low and high purity.

Structured packing system for reduced distillation column height

A system particularly useful for the cryogenic rectification of air to produce product, particularly high purity argon, comprising a structured packing arrangement having a defined moderate area density, a defined sharp corrugation angle and at least one of a defined short brick height and a defined packing structure modification.

CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION SYSTEM WITH HYBRID ARGONIUM COLUMN

Cryogenic condensation and vaporization system

A system, especially useful under cryogenic conditions, for downflowing cocurrent condensation of vapor (20) against downflowing partially vaporizing liquid (5,28), wherein the condensing vapor flows within tubes (1) having fluted (40) internal surfaces (27) and the boiling liquid flows along the outer surfaces (28) of the tubes (1) having re-entrant cavities (41,42).

Cryogenic rectification system for producing multi-purity oxygen

A cryogenic rectification system employing two rectifying sections in parallel within either the lower pressure column of a double column or in a side column, for producing product oxygen at both low and high purity.

Structured column packing with liquid holdup

STRUCTURED COLUMN PACKING WITH LIQUID HOLDUP ABSTRACT Structured column packing having a fluted surface wherein the flute elevation forms a shelf sufficient to cause downflowing liquid to pool on the shelf thereby enabling more efficient countercurrent vapor-liquid mass transfer.

Structured packing with asymmetric crimp pattern

Cryogenic rectification system for producing low purity oxygen and high purity oxygen

A cryogenic rectification system employing an additional rectifying section in parallel with the lower section of the lower pressure column of a double column for producing product oxygen at both low and high purity.

Rapid restart system for cryogenic air separation plant

A system for re-starting an air separation plant after an interruption in operation wherein descending liquid is collected in a non-operating distillation column and passed back to the separation section of that column before or upon restart. The invention may employ a collection device situated in the column above the sump. Upon interruption in operation, the collection device accumulates descending liquid. From the collection device, liquid may be passed outside of the column and transferred to a holding vessel to re-inventory internal material of the column upon resumption in operation.

Packing with improved capacity and high mass transfer efficiency

Packing with low contacting crimp pattern

A corrugated structured packing for forming into modules for use in a rectification column, having both high and low corrugations which reduce the contact points when formed into modules, serving to improve mass transfer effectiveness and thus reduce the requisite column height.

Variable density structured packing cryogenic distillation system

Variable Density Structured Packing Cryogenic Distillation System ABSTRACT A cryogenic distillation system employing a multisection column wherein structured packing of different packing density is employed in at least two sections of the column.

Structured column packing with liquid holdup

Structured column packing having a fluted surface wherein the flute elevation forms a shelf (15) sufficient to cause downflowing liquid to form a pool (14) on the shelf (15) thereby enabling more efficient countercurrent vapor-liquid mass transfer.

CRIOGENIC RECTIFICATION SYSTEM WITH HIGH RESISTANCE AND HIGH CAPACITY FILLING.

Se describe un sistema de rectificación criogénica y un módulo de embalaje, y una columna adecuada para la rectificación criogénica que tiene hojas de embalaje con modificaciones en la parte superior e inferior en secuencia alterna y teniendo preferentemente bordes en la parte superior e inferior que terminan en planos en los que la capacidad y el rendimiento de transferencia de masa se mejora sin comprometer la resistencia mecánica.

Method for operating a cryogenic rectification column

A method for operating a cryogenic rectification column for the separation of the components of air by cryogenic rectification, whereby the column may be operated above its design capacity without encountering flooding, by passing vapor upward through the column at a flowrate which generates a pressure drop within the column of at least 0.7 inches of water per foot of packing height through a height of defined structured packing sheets having a different structure in their upper and lower portions.

Improved liquid distributor for packed columns

The invention comprises a baffle which extends over the cross section of a liquid-vapor contacting column and is suspended above a distributor. The baffle, having an open space, constricts and mixes liquid flow falling from a liquid-vapor contacting zone above, before dispersing it to the distributor below. The open space of the baffle, may also be fitted with a mixing device for further enhancement of liquid mixing.

Structured packing system for reduced distillation column height

Cryogenic air separation system with hybrid argon column.

SYSTEM RETURNED QUICKLY FOR A CRYOGENIC AIR SEPARATION PLACE

Improved liquid distributor for packed columns

The invention comprises a baffle which extends over the cross section of a liquid-vapor contacting column and is suspended above a distributor. The baffle, having an open space, constricts and mixes liquid flow falling from a liquid-vapor contacting zone above, before dispersing it to the distributor below. The open space of the baffle, may also be fitted with a mixing device for further enhancement of liquid mixing.

Electrical circuit

Cryogenic rectification system with integral product boiler

A cryogenic rectification system wherein a product boiler is incorporated into the primary heat exchanger without encountering boiling to dryness problems wherein liquid from the cryogenic rectification plant is processed in a phase separator upstream of the product boiler, and fluid from the product boiler is passed into the phase separator prior to recovery.

Cryogenic air separation system with liquid air stripping

A cryogenic rectification system which advantageously separates feed air wherein the thermodynamic irreversibility of the argon column top condenser and the lower pressure column is reduced by using a stripping column upstream of the double column main plant.

SYSTEM FOR THE CRYOGENIC SEPARATION OF AIR WITH AN ARGON HYBRID COLUMN.

UN SISTEMA DE RECTIFICACION CRIOGENICO CARACTERIZADO POR UNA COLUMNA DE ARGON HIBRIDO TENIENDO BANDEJAS EN LA PORCION INFERIOR (45) Y COMPACTACION EN LA PORCION SUPERIOR (46), POR LO CUAL LA COLUMNA DE ARGON ES MANEJADA A LA PRESION MAS BAJA, PERMITIENDO ASI UNA MEJOR RECUPERACION DEL ARGON, MIENTRAS QUE MANTENIENDO LA PRESION SUFICIENTEMENTE ALTA EN EL EXTREMO INFERIOR DE LA COLUMNA DE ARGON, COMO PARA PERMITIR AL FLUIDO REFLUIR HACIA EL SISTEMA DE COLUMNA PRINCIPAL SIN LA NECESIDAD DE PRESURIZACION. A CRYOGENIC RECTIFICATION SYSTEM CHARACTERIZED BY A HYBRID ARGON COLUMN HAVING TRAYS IN THE LOWER PORTION (45) AND COMPACTION IN THE UPPER PORTION (46), THEREFORE THE ARGON COLUMN IS HANDLED AT THE LOWEST PRESSURE, ALLOWING A LOWER PRESSURE RECOVERY OF THE ARGON, WHILE MAINTAINING THE PRESSURE SUFFICIENTLY HIGH AT THE LOWER END OF THE ARGON COLUMN, AS TO ALLOW THE FLUID TO REFLUGE TOWARD THE MAIN COLUMN SYSTEM WITHOUT THE NEED FOR PRESSURIZATION.

Method for operating a cryogenic rectification column

Structured packing module for mass transfer column and process involving same

A cross-corrugated structure packing module is provided for use in mass transfer or heat exchange columns and has particular applicability in severe service applications in which fouling, coking, and erosion are of concern. The structured packing module has a plurality of upright, parallel-extending, corrugated plates. Spacer elements are used to maintain the corrugations of adjacent plates in spaced apart relationship to reduce the opportunity for solids to accumulate on the surfaces of the plates. The plates are also free of apertures or surface treatments that would increase the opportunity for solids to accumulate on the plates.

Cryogenic ratification system to produce low-purity oxygen and high-purity oxygen

Enhanced capacity multiple-downcomer fractionation tray

Vapor capacity of multiple downcomer type fractionation trays is increased by the provision of vapor directing slots (4) in the tray deck, with the slots being oriented toward the closest downcomer to reduce froth height. The slots located in the relatively narrow deck area between downcomers are accordingly divided into two sets which point in opposite directions. Vertical baffles (7) are provided above the downcomer inlets (13). The baffles preferably extend upward to slightly below the lower surface of the next higher tray, with the upper edge of the baffles being notched to accommodate the downcomers of this next higher tray.

Distillation column employing structured packing which reduces wall flow

A heat and/or mass exchange structure which includes a shell having an outer vertical wall (18) with an interior surface, a plurality of first corrugated packing sheets (10) having an outer edge (14) that is spaced away from the interior surface of the shell, and a plurality of second corrugated packing sheets (12) positioned within the shell (18) and sandwiched between a pair of the first corrugated packing sheets (10), said second corrugated packing sheets (12) having an outer edge (16) which is spaced no closer to said interior surface than co-located outer edges (14) of said pair of said first corrugated packing sheets (10) which sandwich said second corrugated packing sheets (12).

STRUCTURED COLUMN PACKING WITH LIQUID CONTAINMENT

La presente invención se refiere a un elemento de empaque de columna que comprende una lámina corrugada y una pluralidad de estrías, dispuestas lateralmente en la lámina; caracterizado porque cada estría comprende una elevación con respecto a la lámina, la elevación dispuesta a un ángulo con respecto a la lámina de modo que, cuando el elemento de empaque está orientado verticalmente, el ángulo de elevación es 90 grados o menos, con respecto a la vertical, formando de esa manera un asiento a lo largo de la lámina suficiente para provocar que un líquido que fluye hacia abajo del elemento de empaque forme un depósito sobre el asiento.

Rapid restart system for cryogenic air separation plant

A system for re-starting an air separation plant after an interruption in operation wherein descending liquid is collected in a non-operating distillation column and passed back to the separation section of that column before or upon restart. The invention may employ a collection device situated in the column above the sump. Upon interruption in operation, the collection device accumulates descending liquid. From the collection device, liquid may be passed outside of the column and transferred to a holding vessel to re-inventory internal material of the column upon resumption in operation.

STRUCTURED COLUMN GASKET WITH IMPROVED INVESTMENT.

Cryogenic condensation and vaporization system

A system, especially useful under cryogenic conditions, for downflowing cocurrent condensation of vapor against downflowing partially vaporizing liquid, wherein the condensing vapor flows within tubes having fluted internal surfaces and the boiling liquid flows along the outer surfaces of the tubes having re-entrant cavities.

AIR CRYOGENIC SEPARATION PROCESS USING ONE OR MORE DISTILATION ROOM

STRUCTURED COLUMN PACKAGING WITH IMPROVEMENT AS THE SLOWEST FLOW CONDITIONS

Cryogenic rectification system with integral product boiler

A cryogenic rectification system wherein a product boiler is incorporated into the primary heat exchanger without encountering boiling to dryness problems wherein liquid from the cryogenic rectification plant is processed in a phase separator upstream of the product boiler, and fluid from the product boiler is passed into the phase separator prior to recovery.

Packing for mass transfer column

A packing section includes a plurality of vertically oriented, diagonally cross-corrugated packing sheets defining a section height. The section height has a base region, a bulk region, and a top region. The base region has a first particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region. The top region has a second particular geometry different from the geometry of the bulk region, and different from the first particular geometry of the base region.

Device for the rapid start-up of a cryogenic air separation plant

Divided column distillation system

Method for operating a cryogenic rectification column

A method for operating a cryogenic rectification column for the separation of the components of air by cryogenic rectification, whereby the column may be operated above its design capacity without encountering flooding, by passing vapor upward through the column at a flowrate which generates a pressure drop within the column of at least 0.7 inches of water per foot of packing height through a height of defined structured packing sheets having a different structure in their upper and lower portions.

Moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomers and methods of making and using same in adhesive articles

A composition suitable for use as a low adhesion backsize or a primer for low surface energy adhesives, including the reaction product of at least one moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomer represented by the formula: wherein R 1 is independently a C 16 to C 40 alkyl group; R 2 is independently a C 1 to C 40 alkyl group; each R 3 is independently a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group; X is a chain transfer agent as defined further below; Y is independently selected to be a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group; a, b and c are each independently selected to be an integer of at least 10, and a + b + c < 1500; n > 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. Articles and methods of using the composition as a low adhesion backsize or a primer for a low surface energy adhesive are also described.

FRACTIONATION TRAY WITH IMPROVED CAPACITY WITH MULTIPLE DOWN PIPES.

LA CAPACIDAD DE VAPOR DE RECIPIENTES DE FRACCIONAMIENTO DE TIPO DE TUBO DESCENDENTE MULTIPLE SE INCREMENTA MEDIANTE LA PROVISION DE RANURAS DIRECTORAS DE VAPOR (4) EN LA PLATAFORMA DE RECIPIENTE, CON LAS RANURAS ESTANDO ORIENTADAS HACIA EL TUBO DESCENDENTE MAS CERCANO PARA REDUCIR LA ALTURA DE LA ESPUMA. LAS RANURAS SITUADAS EN EL AREA DE PLATAFORMA RELATIVAMENTE MAS CERCANAS ENTRE TUBOS DESCENDENTES ESTAN EN CONSECUENCIA DIVIDIDAS EN DOS GRUPOS QUE APUNTAN EN DIRECCIONES OPUESTAS. SE PROPORCIONAN PANTALLAS VERTICALES (7) ENCIMA DE LOS ORIFICIOS DE ENTRADA DE LOS TUBOS DESCENDENTES (13). LAS PANTALLAS PREFERIBLEMENTE SE EXTIENDEN HACIA ARRIBA PARA LIGERAMENTE BAJO LA SUPERFICIE INFERIOR DEL PROXIMO RECIPIENTE MAS ALTO, CON EL BORDE SUPERIOR DE LAS PANTALLAS ESTANDO MELLADOS PARA ACOMODAR LOS TUBOS DESCENDENTES DE ESTE PROXIMO RECIPIENTE MAS ALTO. THE VAPOR CAPACITY OF MULTIPLE DOWN PIPE TYPE FRACTIONATION CONTAINERS IS INCREASED BY PROVIDING VAPOR DIRECT SLOTS (4) ON THE CONTAINER PLATFORM, WITH THE SLOTS FACING THE NEAREST DOWN PIPE. FOAM. THE SLOTS LOCATED IN THE RELATIVELY NEAREST PLATFORM AREA BETWEEN DESCENDING TUBES ARE ACCORDINGLY DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS THAT POINT IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS. VERTICAL SCREENS (7) ARE PROVIDED ABOVE THE INLET HOLES OF THE DESCENDING TUBES (13). THE SCREENS PREFERABLY EXTEND UPWARD FOR SLIGHTLY UNDER THE BOTTOM SURFACE OF THE NEXT HIGHEST CONTAINER, WITH THE TOP EDGE OF THE SCREENS BEING SEALED TO ACCOMMODATE THE DESCENT PIPES OF THIS NEAREST CONTAINER.

Electrical circuit

Distillation column employing structured packing which reduces wall flow

A heat and/or mass exchange structure which includes a shell having an outer vertical wall with an interior surface, a plurality of first corrugated packing sheets having an outer edge that is spaced away from the interior surface of the shell, and a plurality of second corrugated packing sheets positioned within the shell and sandwiched between a pair of the first corrugated packing sheets.

Enhanced capacity multiple-downcomer fractionation tray

Vapor capacity of multiple downcomer type fractionation trays is increased by the provision of vapor directing slots in the tray deck, with the slots being oriented toward the closest downcomer to reduce froth height. The slots located in the relatively narrow deck area between downcomers are accordingly divided into two sets which point in opposite directions. Vertical baffles are provided above the downcomer inlets. The baffles preferably extend upward to slightly below the lower surface of the next higher tray, with the upper edge of the baffles being notched to accommodate the downcomers of this next higher tray.

Cryogenic air separation system for producing moderate purity oxygen and moderate purity nitrogen

A cryogenic air separation system wherein feed air is initially processed to produce a vapor and a liquid, the vapor is then processed in the rectifying section of a reflux condenser to produce moderate purity nitrogen, and the liquid is processed in the stripping section of the reflux condenser to produce moderate purity oxygen.

Method and device for producing argon

System for cooling a power transformer

A system for cooling a power transformer wherein cryogen in liquid or solid form is sprayed into a vaporizer or directly onto a power transformer radiator and the vaporizing and/or sublimating cryogen cools a cooling fluid within the vaporizer or cools the radiator directly to provide cooling to the power transformer.

Structured filling module for mass transfer column and process that uses it

Un módulo de relleno estructurado que comprende: una pluralidad de placas verticales, que se extienden en paralelo, que tienen corrugaciones, caracterizado por que las placas están dispuestas con las corrugaciones de placas adyacentes extendiéndose de una manera entrecruzada; y elementos separadores que fijan las placas en relación separada con las corrugaciones de las placas adyacentes separadas y no en contacto entre sí o con otras estructuras a lo largo de sustancialmente una longitud completa de las corrugaciones para formar una separación abierta entre las superficies de las placas que están enfrente, en donde dichas superficies de las placas y dicha separación abierta entre las placas forman trayectorias de flujo para los fluidos A structured packing module comprising: a plurality of vertical, parallel-extending plates having corrugations, characterized in that the plates are arranged with the corrugations of adjacent plates extending in a criss-cross fashion; and spacer elements that secure the plates in spaced relation to the corrugations of the spaced adjacent plates and not in contact with each other or with other structures along substantially a full length of the corrugations to form an open gap between the surfaces of the plates. facing each other, wherein said plate surfaces and said open gap between the plates form flow paths for fluids

Cryogenic air separation system with hybrid argon column

A cryogenic rectification system characterized by a hybrid argon column having trays in the lower portion and packing in the upper portion whereby the argon column is operated at a lower pressure thus enabling improved argon recovery while maintaining the pressure sufficiently high at the lower end of the argon column to enable fluid flow back to the main column system without need for pressurization.

Dual section refrigeration system

A refrigeration system particularly useful with a multicomponent refrigerant fluid wherein the refrigerant fluid is cooled in an upward leg of a first vertically oriented heat exchanger section and further cooled in a downward leg of a second vertically oriented heat exchanger section prior to refrigeration generation and serial recycle flow through the two heat exchanger sections.

Method for operating a cryogenic rectification column

A method for operating a cryogenic rectification column for the separation of the components of air by cryogenic rectification, whereby the column may be operated above its design capacity without encountering flooding, by passing vapor upward through the column at a flowrate which generates a pressure drop within the column of at least 0.7 inches of water per foot of packing height through a height of defined structured packing sheets having a structure in their bottom portion which differs from the structure in their middle portion and is the same as the structure in their top portion.

Kryogenisches rektifikationssystem mit hochfester packung hoher kapazität

Main condenser for cryogenic air separation system

A cryogenic air separation system having a main condenser (32) comprising a plurality of tubes having fluted external condensing surfaces upon which downf lowing nitrogen vapor (10) condenses, and having structured internal boiling surfaces upon which downf lowing oxygen liquid vaporizes. The main condenser (32) is employed as a condenser/reboiler located within a lower pressure column (31) to condense nitrogen vapor (10) from a higher pressure column (30) and partially vaporize oxygen liquid from the lower pressure column (31).

Verfahren zur vermeidung der flutung einer kryogenischen rektifikationsäule

Moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomers, and construction materials including the same

A composition including at least one moisture-curable, semi-crystalline (meth)acrylic oligomer represented by the formula: wherein R 1 is independently a C 16 to C 40 alkyl group; R 2 is independently a C 16 to C 40 alkyl group; each R 3 is independently a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group; X is a chain transfer agent as defined further below; Y is independently selected to be a methyl, ethyl, or isopropyl group; a, b and c are each independently selected to be an integer of at least 10, and a + b + c ≤ 1500; n ≥ 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, or 3. The oligomer may be used advantageously as a coating, primer or adhesion promoter in construction articles, for example, adhesives, caulks, grouts, pavement markings, paving materials, ceramic tiles, or roofing granules.

Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Tieftemperatur-Rektifikationskolonne

Bobleklokkebund til destillationskolonner

Elektrische Schaltung zur teilweisen Energierueckgewinnung bei Elektrolyseverfahren

Bentuk dan susunan ruang serta tata cara untuk memproduksi argon

Sistema de destilação criogênica de gás, e, processo para produzir argónio substancialmente livre de nitrogênio

"SISTEMA DE DESTILAçãO CRIOGêNICA DE GáS, E, PROCESSO PARA PRODUZIR ARGÈNIO SUBSTANCIALMENTE LIVRE DE NITROGêNIO". Um sistema para alcançar um baixo nível de nitrogênio em uma colunca de pressão mais baixa na alimentação para a coluna de argónio em um sistema de separação criogênica de ar por meio do uso de dois leitos de recheio estruturado de altura aproximadamente igual na coluna de pressão mais baixa, com misturação e redistribuição do líquido entre eles. Os leitos recheados estão localizados entre a alimentação proveniente do condensador de topo da coluna de argónio e o ponto onde a alimentação da coluna de argónio é retirada.

Coatings for particle reduction

Coatings for particle suppression are provided. Such coatings comprise fluorochemical moieties and reactive pendant groups.

Main heat exchange system and method for reboiling

A method and main heat exchange system for use in a cryogenic air separation plant in which down-flow and thermosiphon heat exchangers are employed to partially vaporize an oxygen-rich liquid produced in a lower pressure column and to condense the nitrogen-rich vapor in a higher pressure column. A greater proportion of the oxygen-rich liquid can be partially vaporized in the down-flow heat exchangers than in the thermosiphon heat exchangers and the nitrogen-rich vapor condensed in the thermosiphon heat exchangers can have a higher oxygen content than the nitrogen-rich vapor condensed in the down-flow heat exchangers. This allows the higher pressure column to operate at a lower pressure than would otherwise be possible. A central conduit can extend from the higher pressure column into the lower pressure column to introduce the nitrogen-rich vapor into at least the down-flow heat exchangers for purposes of reducing pressure drop and column height.

Main heat exchange system and method for reboiling

A method and main heat exchange system for use in a cryogenic air separation plant in which down-flow and thermosiphon heat exchangers are employed to partially vaporize an oxygen-rich liquid produced in a lower pressure column and to condense the nitrogen-rich vapor in a higher pressure column. A greater proportion of the oxygen-rich liquid can be partially vaporized in the down-flow heat exchangers than in the thermosiphon heat exchangers and the nitrogen-rich vapor condensed in the thermosiphon heat exchangers can have a higher oxygen content than the nitrogen-rich vapor condensed in the down-flow heat exchangers. This allows the higher pressure column to operate at a lower pressure than would otherwise be possible. A central conduit can extend from the higher pressure column into the lower pressure column to introduce the nitrogen-rich vapor into at least the down-flow heat exchangers for purposes of reducing pressure drop and column height.