Methods and Apparatus for Mobile Station Location Estimation

Methods and apparatus for estimating mobile station location include receiving reported signal strengths or other attachment indicator values from a mobile station. The reported signal strengths are compared with characteristic received signal strength values in a coverage area of a mobile network. A mobile switching center determines if a local function is requested and initiates a location estimation process by a mobile location module (MLM). The MLM receives the reported signal strength contours associated with the attachment points. Based on a comparison of the reported attachment indicator values with characteristic values, the MLM provides a mobile location estimate.

RAIL LINE SENSING AND SAFETY SYSTEM

A rail line sensing and safety system adapted to reliably sense the presence, and optionally the direction and speed, of vehicles traveling on a rail line, and when a vehicle is sensed, to indicate whether a safety device, such as crossing gates, lights, bells, etc., should be activated. The system comprises at least one detection module typically mounted on a rail, at least one remote module typically located near a detection module, and at least one control module typically located near a safety device. In operation, a detection module senses a vehicle traveling on a rail line and sends signals to a remote module. The remote module then processes signals received from the detection module and transmits signals to the control module. The control module then directs, either directly or indirectly as a backup or supplement to an existing sensing and safety system, whether a safety device should be activated. 1. A sensing device for a rail line comprising:a first sensor capable of detecting a vehicle traveling on the rail line and signaling a first detection event; 'wherein the second sensor is located a fixed distance away from the first sensor;', 'a second sensor capable of detecting the vehicle traveling on the rail line and signaling a second detection event,'}electrical circuitry that accepts signals from the two sensors; andelectrical connections that electrically connect the two sensors and the electrical circuitry.2. The sensing device of wherein the first sensor and the second sensor are inductive sensors claim 1 , each sensor comprising wire wound on a ferrite core claim 1 ,and wherein the wire is Litz Wire,and wherein each sensor is capable of generating a magnetic field that extends a distance above the sensor,and wherein the electrical circuitry is capable of detecting an interruption in the magnetic field of either the first sensor, the second sensor, or both.3. The sensing device of wherein the ferrite core is a PQ-style ferrite core.4. The sensing ...

COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM FOR RAIL LINE VEHICLES

A collision avoidance system (CAS) is described that includes one or more sensor technologies, including, for example, an Ultra Wideband (UWB) sensing technology. The collision avoidance system is designed to reliably track the location and speed of vehicles and the distance between vehicles over a wide variety of track and terrain. The collision avoidance system may utilize information from a variety of sensor technologies to determine whether one or more vehicles violate speed and/or separation criteria, and may generate a warning. 1. A rail line vehicle having a vehicle mounted module , the vehicle mounted module comprising wherein the ultra wideband unit is operable to detect a distance between the rail line vehicle and at least one other vehicle,', 'wherein the wireless communications antenna is operable to send and receive data over the air;, 'a transponder sensor module including an ultra wideband unit and a wireless communications antenna,'}a control electronics module including a processor that is in communication with at least the ultra wideband unit; and wherein the user interface is operable to provide a vehicle operator with', 'information and is operable to accept input from the vehicle operator., 'a user interface module including a user interface,'}2. The rail line vehicle of wherein the vehicle mounted module is in communication with one or more central tracking units by way of the wireless communications antenna claim 1 ,wherein the one or more central tracking units are operable to track the location of the rail line vehicle and at least one other vehicle.3. The rail line vehicle of wherein the vehicle mounted module further comprises a central tracking unit module that is operable to track the location of at least one other vehicle.4. The rail line vehicle of wherein the transponder sensor module further includes a global positioning system claim 1 ,wherein the global positioning system is operable to receive information from one or more ...

Methods and apparatus for identifying and providing information sought by a user

Some embodiments relate to techniques for performing a search for content, in which a user may issue a search query, and the search engine or engines to which that query is provided may be determined dynamically based on any of a variety of factors. For example, in some embodiments, the search engine or engines to which the query is provided may be determined based on the content of the search query, and/or auxiliary information such as the user's location, demographics, query history and/or browsing history.

Methods and apparatus for initiating an action

Some embodiments relate to techniques for receiving a query from a device, the query comprising content; determining based at least in part on the content of the query that an application is to be launched on the device; and causing the device to launch the application using at least some information determined from the content of the query. Some embodiments relate to techniques for receiving a free-form query from a user; transferring a representation of the query to at least one computer; and receiving from the at least one computer at least one instruction to launch an application on the device.

Method and apparatus for making slit-banded wrapper using moving orifices

A method and apparatus of manufacturing a web which is striped with add-on material, comprising: a first slurry supply which forms a sheet of base web and moves the sheet along a first path; a second slurry supply; and a moving orifice applicator operative so as to repetitively discharge the second slurry upon the moving sheet of base web. The moving orifice applicator includes a chamber box arranged to establish a reservoir of the second slurry across the first path, an endless belt having orifice groups, the endless belt received through the chamber box, and a drive arrangement operative upon the endless belt to continuously move the orifices along an endless-path and repetitively through the chamber box.

Flexible conveyor belt wrapper

A flexible composite conveyor belt, such as for use as a belt wrapper in overlying combination with a metal belt in cooking or heating operations. The belt includes a protrusion attached to a flexible substrate. The protrusion includes an engagement surface adapted to secure the protrusion to a portion of the underlying metal belt to drive the belt at a same speed as the conveyor belt. Protrusions on opposing ends of the belt negate the need for conventional lacing in securing the ends of the belt together.

Aluminum can with multi-thickness wall for lithium-ion cell

An energy storage cell that includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material in electrically conductive contact with a positive electrode current collector; a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material in electrically conductive contact with a negative electrode current collector; an electrically insulative and ion conductive medium in ionically conductive contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode, where the electrically insulative and ion conductive medium comprises an electrically insulating porous layer and an electrolyte; and an outer can containing the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrically insulative and ion conductive medium, where a wall of the outer can has a variance in thickness.

Molding assembly and floor installation

Provided herein is a molding assembly for bridging a gap between floor covering materials, or for finishing an edge of a floor covering material. The molding assembly comprising a molding and a track is configured with a hinge portion to allow tilting of the molding when attached to the track attachment component. Floor installations are also provided herein. The floor installations comprise floor covering materials adjoining respective sides of a gap, and a molding assembly to cover the gap and accommodate any difference in thickness between the respective adjoining floor covering materials.

TRANSISTOR AND METHOD OF FORMING THE TRANSISTOR SO AS TO HAVE REDUCED BASE RESISTANCE

Disclosed is a transistor structure, having a completely silicided extrinsic base for reduced base resistance R. Specifically, a metal silicide layer covers the extrinsic base, including the portion of the extrinsic base that extends below the upper portion of a T-shaped emitter. One exemplary technique for ensuring that the metal silicide layer covers this portion of the extrinsic base requires tapering the upper portion of the emitter. Such tapering allows a sacrificial layer below the upper portion of the emitter to be completely removed during processing, thereby exposing the extrinsic base below and allowing the metal layer required for silicidation to be deposited thereon. This metal layer can be deposited, for example, using a high pressure sputtering technique to ensure that all exposed surfaces of the extrinsic base, even those below the upper portion of the emitter, are covered. 1. A method of forming a transistor , said method comprising: said lower portion being on an intrinsic base and positioned laterally adjacent to a dielectric spacer, and', 'said upper portion being wider than said lower portion, extending laterally over said dielectric spacer onto a sacrificial layer and having a tapered sidewall;, 'performing at least one etch process so as to create, from a polysilicon layer, an emitter comprising: a lower portion and an upper portion above said lower portion,'}selectively removing said sacrificial layer so as to expose an extrinsic base positioned laterally adjacent to said dielectric spacer opposite said lower portion of said emitter, said upper portion of said emitter extending laterally over said extrinsic base; and,forming a silicide layer on said extrinsic base such that said silicide layer is positioned laterally immediately adjacent to said dielectric spacer opposite said lower portion of said emitter and such that said upper portion of said emitter extends laterally over said silicide layer.2. The method of claim 1 , said forming of said ...

METHODS OF FORMING SUPPORTING SUBSTRATES FOR CUTTING ELEMENTS, AND RELATED METHODS OF FORMING CUTTING ELEMENTS

A method of forming a supporting substrate for a cutting element comprises forming a precursor composition comprising discrete WC particles, a binding agent, and discrete particles comprising Co, Al, and one or more of C and W. The precursor composition is subjected to a consolidation process to form a consolidated structure including WC particles dispersed in a homogenized binder comprising Co, Al, W, and C. A method of forming a cutting element, a cutting element, a related structure, and an earth-boring tool are also described. 1. A method of forming a supporting substrate for a cutting element , comprising:forming a precursor composition comprising discrete WC particles, a binding agent, and discrete particles comprising Co, Al, and one or more of C and W; andsubjecting the precursor composition to a consolidation process to form a consolidated structure including WC particles dispersed in a homogenized binder comprising Co, Al, W, and C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a precursor composition comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise the discrete WC particles claim 1 , the binding agent claim 1 , and one or more of discrete Co—Al—C alloy particles and discrete Co—Al—W alloy particles.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the precursor composition comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise from about 5 wt % discrete Co—Al—C particles to about 15 wt % discrete Co—Al—C particles claim 1 , and from about 85 wt % discrete WC particles to about 95 wt % discrete WC particles.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the precursor composition comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise about 12 wt % discrete Co—Al—C particles and about 88 wt % discrete WC particles.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a precursor composition further comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise at least one additive comprising one or more of B claim 1 , Al claim 1 , C claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , ...

Rail Vehicle Signal Enforcement and Separation Control

A system for vehicle management includes a control signal interface subsystem and a vehicle-mounted subsystem. Each of these subsystems includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) communications component. The subsystems communicate with each other through the UWB components. The vehicle mounted subsystem interfaces with a braking system of the vehicle. The vehicle mounted subsystem determines the distance between it and the control signal interface subsystem based on the time-of-flight of at least one communication between the subsystems. The vehicle-mounted subsystem can cause the braking system of the vehicle to activate if the distance between the vehicle-mounted subsystem and the control signal interface subsystem is less than a threshold. 1. A system for vehicle management , wherein the system comprises:a control signal interface subsystem including an ultra-wideband (UWB) communications component; and interface with a braking system of the vehicle;', 'communicate with the UWB communications component of the control signal interface subsystem via the UWB communications component of the vehicle-mounted subsystem; and', 'determine a distance between the vehicle-mounted subsystem and the control signal interface subsystem based on a time-of-flight of at least one communication between the UWB communications component of the control signal interface subsystem and the UWB communications component of the vehicle-mounted subsystem., 'a vehicle-mounted subsystem including a UWB communications component, wherein the vehicle-mounted subsystem is configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle-mounted subsystem is further configured to generate an alert if the distance between the vehicle-mounted subsystem and the control signal interface subsystem is less than a threshold.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the vehicle-mounted subsystem is further configured to cause the braking system of the vehicle to activate if the distance between the vehicle-mounted subsystem and ...

BRAZE MATERIALS AND EARTH-BORING TOOLS COMPRISING BRAZE MATERIALS

A method includes disposing a braze material adjacent a first body and a second body; heating the braze material and forming a transient liquid phase; and transforming the transient liquid phase to a solid phase and forming a bond between the first body and the second body. The braze material includes copper, silver, zinc, magnesium, and at least one material selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, cobalt, iron, phosphorous, indium, lead, antimony, cadmium, and bismuth. 1. A braze material comprising:copper;from about 50% to about 70% silver by weight;at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel and titanium; andat least one element selected from the group consisting of indium, tin, zinc zinc, and magnesium.2. The braze material of claim 1 , wherein the braze material comprises at least two elements selected from the group consisting of indium claim 1 , tin claim 1 , zinc and magnesium.3. The braze material of claim 1 , wherein the braze material comprises zinc.4. The braze material of claim 1 , wherein the braze material comprises metallic particles having an average particle size in a range from about 1 μm to about 15 μm.5. The braze material of claim 1 , further comprising an organic binder.6. The braze material of claim 1 , wherein the braze material comprises a first plurality of metallic particles and a second plurality of metallic particles interspersed with the first plurality of metallic particles.7. The braze material of claim 6 , wherein the particles of the first plurality comprise a first material having a first composition and the particles of the second plurality comprise a second material having a second composition different from the first composition.8. The braze material of claim 1 , wherein the braze material comprises at least one intermetallic compound.9. The braze material of claim 1 , further comprising nanoparticles comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of carbides claim 1 , ...

Polycrystalline diamond, methods of forming same, cutting elements, and earth-boring tools

A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes providing an alloy over at least portions of a plurality of diamond particles, and subjecting the plurality of diamond particles to a high-temperature, high-pressure process to form a polycrystalline diamond material having inter-granular bonds between adjacent diamond particles. The alloy includes iridium and nickel, and a volume of the diamond particles is at least about 92% of a total volume of the alloy and the diamond particles. The polycrystalline diamond material includes at least about 92% diamond by volume. A polycrystalline diamond compact includes grains of diamond bonded to one another by inter-granular bonds and an alloy disposed within interstitial spaces between the grains of diamond. The grains of diamond occupy at least 94% by volume of the polycrystalline diamond compact. An earth-boring tool may include a bit body and such a polycrystalline diamond compact.

Lithium-ion cell using aluminum can

An energy storage device having improved gravimetric energy density is provided, and methods of manufacturing the same. The device can be an electrochemical cell that includes: a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material in electrically conductive contact with a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode tab including a first attachment end and a second attachment end, the first attachment end of the negative electrode tab being connected to the negative electrode current collector and the second attachment end of the negative electrode tab being connected to a negative terminal; an electrically insulative and ion conductive medium in ionically conductive contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an outer can containing the positive electrode, negative electrode and electrically insulative and ion conductive medium, where the negative terminal is electrically isolated from the outer can.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BARCODING NUCLEIC ACIDS

The present invention generally relates to microfluidics and labeled nucleic acids. For example, certain aspects are generally directed to systems and methods for labeling nucleic acids within microfluidic droplets. In one set of embodiments, the nucleic acids may include “barcodes” or unique sequences that can be used to distinguish nucleic acids in a droplet from those in another droplet, for instance, even after the nucleic acids are pooled together. In some cases, the unique sequences may be incorporated into individual droplets using particles and attached to nucleic acids contained within the droplets (for example, released from lysed cells). In some cases, the barcodes may be used to distinguish tens, hundreds, or even thousands of nucleic acids, e.g., arising from different cells or other sources. 1. A method , comprising:i) providing a plurality of at least 10,000 microfluidic droplets containing cells, at least about 90% of the plurality of droplets containing one cell or no cell;ii) lysing the cells within the plurality of microfluidic droplets to release nucleic acid from the cells; and a) wherein the oligonucleotide tag uniquely identifies the released nucleic acids from nucleic acids released from other cells by a barcode sequence and the tag additionally comprises a primer sequence; and', 'b) wherein for at least about 90% of the droplets, the oligonucleotide tag within the droplet is distinguishable from oligonucleotide tags within other droplets of the plurality of droplets., 'iii) bonding the released nucleic acid to oligonucleotide tags,'}2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein at least some of the oligonucleotide tags comprise a poly-T sequence.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid is an RNA.4. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the RNA is reverse transcribed within the droplet.5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein after the reverse transcription a barcoded cDNA is created.6. A method according to claim 5 , ...

METHODS OF FORMING POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND

A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes providing an alloy over at least portions of a plurality of diamond particles, and subjecting the plurality of diamond particles to a high-temperature, high-pressure process to form a polycrystalline diamond material having inter-granular bonds between adjacent diamond particles. The alloy includes iridium and nickel, and a volume of the diamond particles is at least about 92% of a total volume of the alloy and the diamond particles. The polycrystalline diamond material includes at least about 92% diamond by volume. A polycrystalline diamond compact includes grains of diamond bonded to one another by inter-granular bonds and an alloy disposed within interstitial spaces between the grains of diamond. The grains of diamond occupy at least 94% by volume of the polycrystalline diamond compact. An earth-boring tool may include a bit body and such a polycrystalline diamond compact. 1. A method of forming polycrystalline diamond , comprising:providing an alloy over at least portions of a plurality of diamond particles, wherein the alloy comprises iridium and nickel, and wherein a volume of the diamond particles is at least about 92% of a total volume of the alloy and the diamond particles; andsubjecting the plurality of diamond particles to a high-temperature, high-pressure process to form a polycrystalline diamond material having inter-granular bonds between adjacent diamond particles, wherein the polycrystalline diamond material comprises at least about 92% diamond by volume.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the alloy over at least portions of the plurality of diamond particles comprises covering at least 30% of a surface area of the plurality of diamond particles with the alloy.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein providing the alloy over at least portions of the plurality of diamond particles comprises forming a layer of the alloy having a thickness from about 1 nm to about 50 nm over the diamond particles.4 ...

ENHANCED DECODING AND DEMAPPING METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR QAM DATA SIGNALS

A receiver circuit, including a multi-stage QAM de-mapper, for receiving a QAM data signal is disclosed. A first de-mapper circuit recovers a set of encoded data bits from the QAM data signal by calculating a plurality of distances between a received QAM symbol and each of a plurality of possible constellation points. A second de-mapper circuit then generates a set of unencoded data bits for the received QAM symbol based, at least in part, on the plurality of distances calculated by the first de-mapper circuit. The receiver circuit may further include a decoder circuit to decode the set of encoded data bits recovered by the first de-mapper circuit. The second de-mapper circuit may identify a subset of the plurality of possible constellation points based on a result of the decoding and select a constellation point that is associated with the shortest distance of the plurality of distances. 1. A receiver circuit to receive a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) data signal , the receiver circuit comprising:a first de-mapper circuit to recover a set of encoded data bits from the QAM data signal by calculating a plurality of distances between a received QAM symbol and each of a plurality of possible constellation points; anda second de-mapper circuit to generate a set of un-encoded data bits for the received QAM symbol based, at least in part, on the plurality of distances calculated by the first de-mapper circuit.2. The receiver circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:a decoder circuit to decode the set of encoded data bits recovered by the first de-mapper circuit.3. The receiver circuit of claim 2 , wherein the second de-mapper circuit is to generate the set of un-encoded data bits based on a result of the decoding and the plurality of distances calculated by the first de-mapper circuit.4. The receiver circuit of claim 3 , wherein the set of encoded data bits corresponds to a low density parity check (LDPC) codeword claim 3 , and wherein the result of the decoding ...

METHODS OF REDUCING STRESS IN CUTTING ELEMENTS FOR EARTH-BORING TOOLS AND RESULTING CUTTING ELEMENTS

Cutting elements for earth-boring tools may include a superhard, polycrystalline material and a substrate adjacent to and secured to the superhard, polycrystalline material at an interface. The substrate may include a first region exhibiting a first coefficient of thermal expansion and a second region exhibiting a second, different coefficient of thermal expansion. The first region may be spaced from the superhard, polycrystalline material. The second region may extend from laterally adjacent to at least a portion of the first region to longitudinally between the first region and the superhard, polycrystalline material. 1. A cutting element for an earth-boring tool , comprising:a superhard, polycrystalline material; and a first region exhibiting a first coefficient of thermal expansion, the first region spaced from the superhard, polycrystalline material; and', 'a second region exhibiting a second, different coefficient of thermal expansion, the second region extending from laterally adjacent to at least a portion of the first region to longitudinally between the first region and the superhard, polycrystalline material., 'a substrate adjacent to and secured to the superhard, polycrystalline material at an interface, the substrate comprising2. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the second region laterally surrounds the first region.3. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein the first region is located within a channel extending laterally through the second region.4. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein a cross-sectional shape of the first region is at least substantially circular and a cross-sectional shape of the substrate is at least substantially circular and wherein a diameter of the first region is between about 50% and about 80% of a diameter of the substrate.5. The cutting element of claim 1 , wherein a first material of the first region is a metal or metal alloy and a second material of the second region is a ceramic-metallic composite material.6. ...

METHODS FOR DIFFERENTIATION

Described herein are methods relating to the differentiation of stem cells to more differentiated phenotypes, e.g. to terminally differentiated cell types and/or precursors thereof. In some embodiments, the methods relate to contacting the stem cells with differentiation factors and halting the cell cycle, thereby increasing the rate of differentiation. 1. A method of differentiating a stem cell , the method comprising:i) contacting the stem cell with one or more ectopic differentiation factors; andii) inhibiting the cell cycle of the stem cell;wherein steps i) and ii) occur within 15 days of each other.215.-. (canceled)16. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps i) and ii) occur simultaneously.17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the differentiation factor is a terminal transcription factor.18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the terminal transcription factor is selected from Table 1.19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the stem cell is to be differentiated to a skeletal muscle phenotype and is contacted with the terminal transcription factor MyoD.20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the stem cell is to be differentiated to a spinal motor neuron phenotype and is contacted with a terminal transcription factor selected from the group consisting of: Ngn2; Isl1; and Lhx3.21. The method of claim 17 , wherein the stem cell is to be differentiated to a spinal motor neuron phenotype and is contacted with the terminal transcription factors Ngn2; Isl1; and Lhx3.22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the stem cell is to be differentiated to a cardiomyocyte phenotype and is contacted with the terminal transcription factor Gata5.23. The method of claim 17 , wherein the stem cell is to be differentiated to a hepatocyte or hepatoblast phenotype and is contacted with the terminal transcription factor Hnf4α.24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell cycle is inhibited by one or more of the following: 'LIF; Bmp; Fgf; Activin; or TGFβ.', 'reducing or removing growth factors; reducing ...

METHODS FOR DIFFERENTIATION

Described herein are methods relating to the differentiation of stem cells to more differentiated phenotypes, e.g. to terminally differentiated cell types and/or precursors thereof. In some embodiments, the methods relate to contacting the stem cells with differentiation factors and halting the cell cycle, thereby increasing the rate of differentiation. 1. A method of differentiating a stem cell , the method comprising:i) contacting the stem cell with one or more differentiation factors; andii) inhibiting the cell cycle of the stem cell;wherein steps i) and ii) occur within 15 days of each other.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps i) and ii) occur within 14 days of each other.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps i) and ii) occur within 7 days of each other.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps i) and ii) occur within 2 days of each other.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps i) and ii) occur within 24 hours of each other.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein steps i) and ii) occur simultaneously.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the differentiation factor is a terminal transcription factor.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell cycle is inhibited by one or more of the following:reducing or removing growth factors; reducing serum levels; reducing serum levels below 5%; contacting the cell with a PI3K inhibitor; contacting the cell with an E2F family transcription factor inhibitor; contacting the cell with a Myc inhibitor; 'LIF; Bmp; Fgf; Activin; or TGFβ.', 'contacting the cell with a MAPK inhibitor; contacting the cell with a MEK1/2 inhibitor; contacting the cell with a CDK inhibitor; contacting the cell with an Id inhibitor; contacting the cell with a Rb agonist; contacting the cell with a Ink family agonist; contacting the cell with a Cip/Kip family agonist; and culturing the cell in a media lacking a factor selected from the group consisting of9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell cycle is inhibited by one or more of the following 'LIF; ...

LIGHTWEIGHT THERMAL ADSORPTION STRUCTURE FOR LITHIUM-ION MODULE

An energy storage device and structure for energy storage cells is provided that includes a plurality of energy storage cells. Each of the energy storage cells has an upper side and a lower side. The plurality of energy storage cells are arranged in a pattern with each energy storage cell being spaced apart from one another. The upper sides of each of the energy storage cells are adjacent to one another. A phase change composition (PCC) material has through holes arranged in the pattern. A portion of each of the energy storage cells is positioned within a respective through hole. A lightweight material is adjacent to the PCC material and surrounds at least another portion of each of the energy storage cells. The PCC material is closer to the upper side of the energy storage cells than the lightweight material. 1. A battery module , comprising:a plurality of energy storage cells, each of the energy storage cells having an upper side and a lower side, wherein the plurality of energy storage cells are arranged in a pattern with each energy storage cell being spaced apart from one another, and wherein the upper sides of each of the energy storage cells are adjacent to one another;a phase change composition (PCC) material comprising first through holes, wherein the first through holes are arranged in the pattern, and wherein an upper portion of each of the energy storage cells is positioned within a respective one of the first through holes and positioned adjacent to the PCC material; anda lightweight material adjacent to the PCC material, the lightweight material comprising second through holes, wherein the second through holes are arranged in the pattern, and wherein a lower portion of each of the energy storage cells is positioned within a respective one of the second through holes and positioned adjacent to the lightweight material,wherein the PCC material and lightweight materials have differing densities.2. The battery module of claim 1 , wherein the PCC material ...

METHODS OF FORMING CUTTING ELEMENTS AND SUPPORTING SUBSTRATES FOR CUTTING ELEMENTS

A method of forming a supporting substrate for a cutting element comprises forming a precursor composition comprising discrete WC particles, a binding agent, and discrete particles comprising Co, one or more of Al, Be, Ga, Ge, Si, and Sn, and one or more of C and W. The precursor composition is subjected to a consolidation process to form a consolidated structure including WC particles dispersed in a homogenized binder comprising Co, W, C, and one or more of Al, Be, Ga, Ge, Si, and Sn. A method of forming a cutting element, a cutting element, a related structure, and an earth-boring tool are also described. 1. A method of forming a supporting substrate for a cutting element , comprising:forming a precursor composition comprising discrete WC particles, a binding agent, and discrete particles comprising Co, one or more of Al, Be, Ga, Ge, Si, and Sn, and one or more of C and W; andsubjecting the precursor composition to a consolidation process to form a consolidated structure including WC particles dispersed in a homogenized binder comprising Co, W, C, and one or more of Al, Be, Ga, Ge, Sn, and Si.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the precursor composition comprises selecting the discrete particles to comprise Co claim 1 , two or more of Al claim 1 , Be claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Si claim 1 , and Sn claim 1 , and one or more of C and W.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a precursor composition comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise the discrete WC particles claim 1 , the binding agent claim 1 , and discrete alloy particles individually comprising Co claim 1 , one or more of Al claim 1 , Be claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Si claim 1 , and Sn claim 1 , and one or more of C and W.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising selecting the discrete alloy particles to individually comprise Co claim 3 , two or more of Al claim 3 , Be claim 3 , Ga claim 3 , Ge claim 3 , Si claim 3 , and Sn claim 3 , and one or more of C and W.5. ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR BRAZING

A method includes disposing a braze material adjacent a first body and a second body; heating the braze material and forming a transient liquid phase; and transforming the transient liquid phase to a solid phase and forming a bond between the first body and the second body. The braze material includes copper, silver, zinc, magnesium, and at least one material selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, cobalt, iron, phosphorous, indium, lead, antimony, cadmium, and bismuth. 1. A method , comprising:disposing a braze material adjacent a first body and a second body, wherein the braze material comprises copper, silver, zinc, magnesium, and at least one material selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, cobalt, iron, phosphorous, indium, lead, antimony, cadmium, and bismuth;heating the braze material and forming a transient liquid phase; andtransforming the transient liquid phase to a solid phase and forming a bond between the first body and the second body.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein disposing a braze material adjacent a first body and a second body comprises disposing a braze material comprising at least one intermetallic compound adjacent the first body and the second body.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein disposing a braze material adjacent a first body and a second body comprises disposing a braze material comprising a plurality of particles adjacent the first body and the second body.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein disposing a braze material comprising a plurality of particles adjacent the first body and the second body comprises disposing a braze material comprising a plurality of particles having an average particle size in a range from about 1 μm to about 15 μm adjacent the first body and the second body.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein disposing a braze material adjacent the first body and the second body comprises disposing a paste comprising at least a composition of the braze material adjacent the first body and the second body ...

Method and system for secondary internal current mechanisms for a lithium-ion cell

An energy storage device having improved safety is provided, and methods of manufacturing the same. The device can be an electrochemical cell that includes: a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material in electrically conductive contact with a positive electrode current collector; a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material in electrically conductive contact with a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode tab connected to the negative electrode current collector and a negative electrically conductive member; an electrically insulative and ion conductive medium in ionically conductive contact with the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an outer case containing the positive electrode, negative electrode and electrically insulative and ion conductive medium, where the outer case comprises a scored area connected to a cooling plate.

TWO-PHASE SEMI-IMMERSION THERMAL SYSTEM FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND OTHER ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC DEVICES

A system and method for an energy storage device having improved thermal management is provided. The system includes a number of energy storage cells spaced apart from one another and contained in a housing that can be pressure sealed. The system can include a pipe containing fluid circulating within the pipe and a liquid within the housing, where an amount of the liquid is less than half of a volume within the housing. Thermal energy is transferred between an area within the housing and at least a portion of a wall of the pipe. 1. A battery module , comprising: wherein the sidewalls, the top surface, and the base surface define a containment cavity comprising a volume, and', 'wherein the housing is sized to receive a battery cell;, 'a housing comprising a base surface, a top surface, and sidewalls extending from a periphery of the base surface,'}an array of battery cells at least partially disposed within the housing;a pipe containing fluid circulating within the pipe; anda liquid comprised within the housing, wherein an amount of the liquid is less than half of the volume, andwherein thermal energy is transferred between an area within the housing and at least a portion of a wall of the pipe.2. The battery module of claim 1 , wherein the containment cavity is a pressure-sealed cavity.3. The battery module of claim 2 , wherein fluid circulating within the pipe is on an outer side of the top surface of the housing and wherein the top surface comprises the portion of the wall of the pipe or the top surface is in contact with the portion of the wall of the pipe.4. The battery module of claim 3 , wherein an interior surface of the housing comprises dimples.5. The battery module of claim 4 , wherein each one of the dimples align in a vertical direction with each one of the battery cells in the array of battery cells.6. The battery module of claim 3 , further comprising a condenser connected to the pipe claim 3 , wherein the fluid circulates through the condenser.7. The ...

Zero flammability electrolyte for lithium-ion cell

An electrolyte for a lithium-ion cell, comprises an organic solvent mixture comprising: (a) a hydrofluorinated ether base solvent to dissolve a lithium salt; (b) a fluorinated linear and/or cyclic ester co-solvent to form an SEI layer on a surface of the active materials; and (c) a fluorinated linear and/or cyclic ester co-solvent having a viscosity less than a viscosity of each of the hydrofluorinated ether base solvent and SEI-layer forming fluorinated linear and/or cyclic ester co-solvent to reduce a viscosity of the organic solvent mixture and a lithium salt dissolved in the organic solvent mixture.

COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM FOR RAIL LINE VEHICLES

A collision avoidance system (CAS) is described that includes one or more sensor technologies, including, for example, an Ultra Wideband (UWB) sensing technology. The collision avoidance system is designed to reliably track the location and speed of vehicles and the distance between vehicles over a wide variety of track and terrain. The collision avoidance system may utilize information from a variety of sensor technologies to determine whether one or more vehicles violate speed and/or separation criteria, and may generate a warning. 1. A collision avoidance system comprising:a first vehicle mounted module mounted on a first rail vehicle, the first vehicle mounted module comprising:a first transponder sensor module adapted to send and receive data wirelessly, the first transponder sensor module comprising a first radio communication unit and a first antenna;a first control electronics module comprising a first processor in communication with at least the first transponder sensor module;a first user interface module including a first user interface, the first user interface adapted to provide rail vehicle information to a vehicle operator and to receive input from the vehicle operator;a second vehicle mounted module mounted on a second rail vehicle, the second vehicle mounted module comprising:a second transponder sensor module adapted to send and receive data wirelessly, the second transponder sensor module comprising a second radio communication unit and a second antenna;a second control electronics module comprising a second processor in communication with at least the second transponder sensor module;a second user interface module including a second user interface, the second user interface adapted to provide rail vehicle information to the vehicle operator and to receive input from the vehicle operator;wherein the first vehicle mounted module is adapted to communicate with the second vehicle mounted module mounted on the second rail vehicle; andwherein the first ...

MAGNETIC SAMPLE HOLDER FOR ABRASIVE OPERATIONS AND RELATED METHODS

Magnetic sample holders for abrasive operations include an array of magnets embedded in a matrix material. Each magnet of the array is positioned between about 0 mm and about 4 mm from at least one adjacent magnet of the array. Exposed surfaces of the magnets of the array are coplanar with a planar working surface of the matrix material. Methods of forming a polycrystalline diamond compact element include magnetically securing an alloy sample to an array of magnets embedded in a matrix. Each of the magnets of the array is within about 4 mm of at least one adjacent magnet of the array. A portion of the alloy sample is abraded away, and the alloy sample is positioned proximate to diamond grains and a substrate. The alloy sample, diamond grains, and substrate are subjected to a high pressure/high temperature process to sinter the diamond grains. 1. A magnetic sample holder for an abrasive operation , the magnetic sample holder comprising:an array of magnets, each magnet of the array of magnets being positioned between about 0 mm and about 4 mm from at least one adjacent magnet of the array of magnets; anda matrix material, the array of magnets embedded in the matrix material,wherein exposed surfaces of the magnets of the array of magnets are coplanar with a planar working surface of the matrix material.2. The magnetic sample holder of claim 1 , wherein the array of magnets comprises cylindrical magnets having magnetic flux lines that are positioned parallel to each other.3. The magnetic sample holder of claim 2 , wherein the exposed surface of each magnet of the array of magnets comprises a longitudinal end surface of each magnet.4. The magnetic sample holder of claim 1 , wherein the magnets of the array of magnets are arranged in a hexagonal close-packed configuration.5. The magnetic sample holder of claim 1 , wherein the magnets of the array of magnets are arranged in a square-packed configuration.6. The magnetic sample holder of claim 1 , wherein each magnet of the ...

FENFLURAMINE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF PREPARING THE SAME

Methods of preparing a fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient are provided. Aspects of the method include (a) hydrolyzing a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition to produce a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition; (b) reacting the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition with acetic anhydride and a catalyst to produce a 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition; and (c) reductively aminating the 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition with ethylamine using a borohydride reducing agent to produce a fenfluramine composition. Also provided are compositions and pharmaceutical ingredients prepared according to the subject methods including a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of fenfluramine and having less than 0.2% by weight in total of trifluoromethyl regioisomers. 126.-. (canceled)27. A method of preparing a fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient , the method comprising:(a) hydrolyzing a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition to produce a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition;(b) purifying the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition to produce a purified 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition substantially devoid of one or more trifluoromethyl-phenyl regioisomers and substantially devoid of trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde and benzaldehyde;(c) reacting the purified 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition with acetic anhydride and a catalyst to produce a 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition; and(d) reductively aminating the 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition with ethylamine using a borohydride reducing agent to produce a fenfluramine composition.28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition comprises at least 0.2% by weight of trifluoromethyl-phenyl regioisomers.29. The method of claim 27 , wherein the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) ...

METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for preventing or treating atherosclerosis in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide and in some applications, a second active agent chemically linked to the peptide, to subjects in need thereof. 1. A method for treating atherosclerosis in a mammalian subject in need thereof , the method comprising administering an effective amount of (i) a peptide D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NHor a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) an antihyperlipidemic drug , wherein the peptide and the antihyperlipidemic drug are chemically linked.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antihyperlipidemic drug is selected from the group consisting of: atorvastatin claim 1 , simvastatin claim 1 , pravastatin claim 1 , fluvastatin claim 1 , lovastatin claim 1 , pitavastatin claim 1 , rosuvastatin claim 1 , clinofibrate claim 1 , clofibrate claim 1 , simfibrate claim 1 , fenofibrate claim 1 , bezafibrate claim 1 , colestimide claim 1 , colestyramine claim 1 , ADVICOR® (niacin extended-release/lovastatin) claim 1 , ALTOPREV® (lovastatin extended-release) claim 1 , CADUET® (amlodipine and atorvastatin) claim 1 , CRESTOR® (rosuvastatin) claim 1 , JUVISYNC® (sitagliptin/simvastatin) claim 1 , LESCOL® (fluvastatin) claim 1 , LESCOL XL (fluvastatin extended-release) claim 1 , LIPITOR® (atorvastatin) claim 1 , LIVALO® (pitavastatin) claim 1 , MEVACOR® (lovastatin) claim 1 , PRAVACHOL® (pravastatin) claim 1 , SIMCOR® (niacin extended-release/simvastatin) claim 1 , VYTORIN® (ezetimibe/simvastatin) claim 1 , and ZOCOR® (simvastatin).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antihyperlipidemic drug is a statin.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the statin is selected from the group consisting of: ADVICOR® (niacin extended-release/lovastatin) claim 3 , ALTOPREV® (lovastatin extended-release) claim 3 , CADUET® (amlodipine and atorvastatin) claim 3 , CRESTOR® (rosuvastatin) ...

DIAMOND PARTICLES HAVING TEXTURED SURFACES, AND RELATED EARTH-BORING TOOLS

A method of modifying surfaces of diamond particles comprises forming spinodal alloy coatings over discrete diamond particles, thermally treating the spinodal alloy coatings to form modified coatings each independently exhibiting a reactive metal phase and a substantially non-reactive metal phase, and etching surfaces of the discrete diamond particles with at least one reactive metal of the reactive metal phase of the modified coatings. Diamond particles and earth-boring tools are also described. 1. A diamond particle comprising a textured surface exhibiting elevated regions and recessed regions between the elevated regions , lateral dimensions and spacing of the recessed regions respectively corresponding to lateral dimensions and spacing of regions of at least one phase of a spinodally decomposed alloy substantially reactive with diamond at a temperature greater than or equal to about 650° C.2. The diamond particle of claim 1 , wherein the recessed regions exhibit substantially the same lateral dimensions and substantially the same spacing as regions of a Ni phase of a spinodally decomposed Cu—Ni alloy.3. The diamond particle of claim 1 , wherein the recessed regions exhibit substantially the same lateral dimensions and substantially the same spacing as regions of a Ni—Sn phase of a spinodally decomposed Cu—Ni—Sn alloy.4. The diamond particle of claim 1 , wherein the recessed regions are substantially uniformly spaced apart from one another.5. An earth-boring tool comprising at least one structure comprising diamond particles claim 1 , at least one of the diamond particles having a textured surface exhibiting elevated regions and recessed regions between the elevated regions claim 1 , lateral dimensions and spacing of the recessed regions respectively corresponding to lateral dimensions and spacing of regions of at least one phase of a spinodally decomposed alloy substantially reactive with diamond at a temperature greater than or equal to about 650° C.6. The ...

METHODS OF FORMING CUTTING ELEMENTS, AND RELATED EARTH-BORING TOOLS

A cutting element comprises a supporting substrate, and a cutting table attached to an end of the supporting substrate. The cutting table comprises inter-bonded diamond particles, and a thermally stable material within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond particles. The thermally stable material comprises a carbide precipitate having the general chemical formula, AXZ, where A comprises one or more of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ac, Th, Pa, and U; X comprises one or more of Al, Ga, Sn, Be, Bi, Te, Sb, Se, As, Ge, Si, B, and P; Z comprises C; and n is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.75. A method of forming a cutting element, an earth-boring tool, a supporting substrate, and a method of forming a supporting substrate are also described. 1. An earth-boring tool , comprising: inter-bonded diamond particles; and', [{'br': None, 'sub': 3', '1-n, 'AXZ,'}, 'where A comprises one or more of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ac, Th, Pa, and U;', 'X comprises one or more of Al, Ga, Sn, Be, Bi, Te, Sb, Se, As, Ge, Si, B, and P;', 'Z comprises C; and', 'n is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.75., 'a thermally stable material within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond particles, the thermally stable material comprising a carbide precipitate having the general chemical formula], 'a cutting table comprising, 'a cutting element comprising2. A method of forming a cutting element , comprising:providing a diamond-containing material comprising discrete diamond particles over a substrate;sintering the diamond-containing material in the presence of a liquid phase of a homogenized alloy comprising at least one first element selected ...

ABUSE TOLERANCE IN BATTERY MODULES

An energy storage device and structure for energy storage cells is provided that includes a plurality of energy storage cells, each of the energy storage cells having side surface areas. The plurality of energy storage cells are arranged in a pattern with each energy storage cell being spaced a specified distance apart from one another. An expandable material is adhered, by an adhesive backing, to at least a portion of the side surface areas of one or more of the energy storage cells, and the expandable material expands within and at least part of the specified distance. 120.-. (canceled)21. A battery module , comprising:a plurality of energy storage cells, each of the energy storage cells having side surface areas, wherein the plurality of energy storage cells are arranged in a pattern with each energy storage cell in the plurality of energy storage cells spaced apart a specified distance from one another; andan expandable material adhered, by an adhesive backing, to at least a portion of a side surface area of one or more of the energy storage cells in the plurality of energy storage cells,wherein the expandable material, in an expanded state, expands within the specified distance, andwherein the expandable material is adhered to each of the energy storage cells in a same pattern on at least some of the energy storage cells in the plurality of energy storage cells.22. The battery module of claim 21 , wherein the expandable material is adhered to each of the energy storage cells in a same pattern on each of the energy storage cells.23. The battery module of claim 21 , wherein the expandable material has a fully expanded height that is greater than half of the specified distance.24. The battery module of claim 22 , wherein the expandable material has a fully expanded height that is greater than the specified distance.25. The battery module of claim 23 , wherein the specified distance is about one millimeter.26. The battery module of claim 24 , wherein the specified ...

Camera mounting system

A mounting system for mounting a load on a structure, comprising a first strap having a distal end and a proximal end, a first clamp body for supporting a load, the first clamp body including a catch mechanism for engaging at least one end of the strap, the first clamp body further including a clamp mechanism for engaging a structure, wherein the strap is configured for tightening around at least a portion of the structure and engaging with the catch mechanism of the first clamp body, to maintain the clamping mechanism of the first clamp body on the structure.

FENFLURAMINE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF PREPARING THE SAME

Methods of preparing a fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient are provided. Aspects of the method include (a) hydrolyzing a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition to produce a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition; (b) reacting the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition with acetic anhydride and a catalyst to produce a 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition; and (c) reductively aminating the 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition with ethylamine using a borohydride reducing agent to produce a fenfluramine composition. Also provided are compositions and pharmaceutical ingredients prepared according to the subject methods including a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of fenfluramine and having less than 0.2% by weight in total of trifluoromethyl regioisomers. 1. A method of preparing a fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient , the method comprising:(a) hydrolyzing a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition to produce a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition;(b) reacting the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition with acetic anhydride and a catalyst to produce a 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition; and(c) reductively aminating the 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition with ethylamine using a borohydride reducing agent to produce a fenfluramine composition.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition comprises at least 0.2% by weight of trifluoromethyl-phenyl regioisomers.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition is prepared from trifluoromethylbenzene.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , prior to step (b) claim 1 , purifying the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition to produce a composition substantially devoid of one or more trifluoromethyl-phenyl regioisomers and substantially ...

ADAPTIVE FILTER BANK FOR DYNAMIC NOTCHING IN POWERLINE COMMUNICATION

An adaptive filter bank can be implemented on a PLC device to dynamically adapt to variations in notching requirements and the performance of the PLC medium. The PLC device can apply filter coefficients to one or more filter elements of the adaptive filter bank to generate one or more notched subcarriers in the PLC band. A performance measurement of one or more subcarriers in the PLC band can be determined and evaluated against corresponding performance measurement thresholds. For a given notched subcarrier, if the performance measurement of the corresponding subcarriers is not in accordance with the performance measurement threshold, updated filter coefficients for the filter element configured to generate the notched subcarrier can be determined based, at least in part, on the performance measurement of the one or more subcarriers. The filter coefficients of the filter element can then be updated using the updated filter coefficients. 1. A method for dynamic subcarrier notching , the method comprising:generating, at a communication device, one or more notched subcarriers in a communication band by applying filter coefficients associated with at least a subset of a plurality of filter elements of a filter bank, wherein each of the plurality of filter elements is configured to generate at least one notched subcarrier in the communication band;determining a performance measurement of one or more subcarriers in the communication band;determining updated filter coefficients associated with at least a first filter element of the subset of filter elements based, at least in part, on the performance measurement of the one or more subcarriers; andvarying operating characteristics of at least one notched subcarrier of the communication band based, at least in part, on the updated filter coefficients associated with at least the first filter element of the subset of filter elements.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , determining a first performance measurement of ...

Adjustable operator worm gear drive with robust bearing surfaces

A worm gear drive operator having immovable flat thrust bearing surfaces at each end of a worm gear drive for absorbing thrust forces and keeping direct mechanical rotational forces away from the cover plate and housing base during rotation of the worm gear drive. The worm gear drive operator assembly is capable of vertical adjustment of the actuator arm while providing thrust support. A threaded post about which rests a bearing for the actuator arm, and is secured in place by an adjustment screw received within a threaded post on the cover plate.

EARLY DETECTION OF THERMAL INCIDENT IN BATTERY PACK

Devices, methods and systems used to detect thermal incidents are disclosed. In one embodiment, there may be a thermal incident detection apparatus for a battery pack including one or more battery modules, the one or more battery modules comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged in a plurality of rows, wherein each battery cell in the one or more battery modules comprises a vent, the apparatus comprising a thermally anisotropic material positioned in proximity to one or more battery cells of the one of more battery modules, wherein the thermally anisotropic material has an in-plane thermal conductivity greater than a through-plane thermal conductivity; and a sensor positioned in proximity to the thermally anisotropic material to sense thermal energy transferred by one of more of the battery cells to the thermally anisotropic material. 1. A thermal incident detection apparatus for a battery pack including one or more battery modules , the one or more battery modules comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged in a plurality of rows , wherein each battery cell in the one or more battery modules comprises a vent , the apparatus comprising:a thermally anisotropic material positioned in proximity to one or more battery cells of the one of more battery modules, wherein the thermally anisotropic material has an in-plane thermal conductivity greater than a through-plane thermal conductivity; anda sensor positioned in operational contact with the thermally anisotropic material configured to at least sense thermal energy transferred by one of more of the battery cells to the thermally anisotropic material.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the thermally anisotropic material is made of natural graphite or synthetic graphite claim 1 , wherein the sensor is in contact with the thermally anisotropic material claim 1 , wherein the battery pack is substantially vertically oriented claim 1 , and wherein the cell vents face a top or bottom of the battery pack.3. The ...

Fire propagation prevention system for battery modules in a battery pack

The present disclosure is directed to a barrier wall between battery modules that comprises two or more of a structural element to resist impacts from vented objects during a thermal runaway of a cell, a thermally anisotropic material to transfer heat away from the thermal runaway away from the affected cell, and a fire-resistant material that is not only fire-resistant but also electronically non-conducting or insulating to inhibit electrical shorting between the affected cell and the structural element or thermally anisotropic material.

AROMATIC-CATIONIC PEPTIDES AND USES OF SAME

The disclosure provides compositions and methods relating to aromatic-cationic peptides. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to subjects in need thereof. For example, the peptides may be administered to subjects in need of a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant. 2. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more aromatic-cationic peptides of and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.3. The pharmaceutical composition of further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.4. A method of reducing the number of mitochondria undergoing mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) claim 1 , or preventing mitochondrial permeability transitioning in a mammal in need thereof claim 1 , the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of one or more aromatic-cationic peptides of .5. A method for reducing oxidative damage in a mammal in need thereof claim 1 , the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of one or more aromatic-cationic peptides of .6. A method for increasing the ATP synthesis rate in a mammal in need thereof claim 1 , the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of one or more aromatic-cationic peptides of .8. The method of claim 7 , wherein detecting is performed during administration of the peptide.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein detecting is performed after administration of the peptide.10. The method of any one of claim 7 , wherein detecting comprises HPLC.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the HPLC comprises reverse phase HPLC.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the HPLC comprises ion exchange HPLC.13. The method of claim 7 , wherein detecting comprises mass spectrometry.14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biological sample comprises a fluid.15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biological sample comprises a cell.16. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biological sample comprises a tissue.17. The ...

N-CARBOXYANHYDRIDE-BASED-SCALE SYNTHESIS OF ELAMIPRETIDE

Disclosed are methods of making elamipretide (MTP-131), a peptide compound with therapeutic potential for treating various mitochondrial myopathies. The synthesis of the peptide can be achieved via the use of N-carboxyanhydride-modified amino acid residues, which increases the efficiency of the synthetic process and the purity of the peptide product generated. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein PGrepresents aralkyl or alkyl.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein PGrepresents —CHPh.4. The method of any one of - claim 2 , wherein PGrepresents an amino protecting group.5. The method of any one of - claim 2 , wherein PGrepresents H.6. The method of any one of - claim 2 , wherein Rrepresents H.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein PGis fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) claim 7 , tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) claim 7 , benzoyl (Bz) claim 7 , tosyl (Ts) claim 7 , or claim 7 , if PGis an amino protecting group claim 7 , a protecting group that can be removed under conditions that will not remove PG; and X is chloride.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein PGrepresents —CHPh and the deprotection reagent is Hand Pd/C.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conditions sufficient to produce compound 10 comprise a peptide coupling reagent.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the peptide coupling reagent is propane phosphonic acid anhydride claim 12 , N claim 12 ,N′-di(isopropyl)carbodiimide claim 12 , N claim 12 ,N′-di(cyclohexyl)carbodiimide claim 12 , 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide claim 12 , or ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino)acetate.14. The method of any one of - claim 12 , wherein PGrepresents —C(O)O-alkyl claim 12 , —C(O)O-aryl claim 12 , —C(O)O-aralkyl claim 12 , —C(O)O-heteroaryl claim 12 , —C(O)O-heteroaralkyl claim 12 , or aralkyl.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein PGrepresents —C(O)O-aralkyl.17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the phosgene equivalent reagent is selected from the group consisting of phosgene claim 16 , diphosgene claim 16 , triphosgene claim 16 , ...

POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACTS AND EARTH-BORING TOOLS INCLUDING SUCH COMPACTS

A polycrystalline diamond compact includes a polycrystalline diamond material having a plurality of grains of diamond bonded to one another by inter-granular bonds and an intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase disposed within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond grains. The ordered intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase includes a Group VIII metal, aluminum, and a stabilizer. An earth-boring tool includes a bit body and a polycrystalline diamond compact secured to the bit body. A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes subjecting diamond particles in the presence of a metal material comprising a Group VIII metal and aluminum to a pressure of at least 4.5 GPa and a temperature of at least 1,000° C. to form inter-granular bonds between adjacent diamond particles, cooling the diamond particles and the metal material to a temperature below 500° C., and forming an intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase adjacent the diamond particles. 1. A polycrystalline diamond compact , comprising:a polycrystalline diamond material comprising a plurality of grains of diamond bonded to one another by inter-granular bonds; andan intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase disposed within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond grains, the intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase comprising a Group VIII metal, aluminum, and a stabilizer.2. The polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of titanium claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , and carbon.3. The polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1 , wherein the intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase comprises a metastable CoAl phase stabilized by the stabilizer.4. The polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1 , wherein the intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase comprises a metastable (CoNi)Al phase stabilized by the stabilizer.5. The ...

CUTTING ELEMENTS AND EARTH-BORING TOOLS COMPRISING POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND

A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes encapsulating diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a container. The encapsulated diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are subjected to a pressure of at least 4.5 GPa and a temperature of at least 1,400° C. to form inter-granular bonds between the diamond particles. A cutting element includes polycrystalline diamond material comprising inter-bonded grains of diamond. The polycrystalline diamond material is substantially free of graphitic carbon and metallic compounds. The polycrystalline diamond material exhibits a density of at least about 3.49 g/cmand a modulus of at least about 1,000 GPa. An earth-boring tool may include such a cutting element secured to a body. 1. A cutting element comprising polycrystalline diamond material comprising inter-bonded grains of diamond , wherein the polycrystalline diamond material is substantially free of graphitic carbon and metallic compounds , and wherein the polycrystalline diamond material exhibits a density of at least about 3.49 g/cmand a modulus of at least about 1 ,000 GPa.2. The cutting element of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate secured to the polycrystalline diamond material.3. The cutting element of claim 2 , wherein the substrate comprises a material having a chemical composition different from a chemical composition of the polycrystalline diamond material.4. An earth-boring tool claim 2 , comprising:a body; and{'sup': '3', 'a cutting element secured to the body, the cutting element comprising polycrystalline diamond material comprising inter-bonded grains of diamond, wherein the polycrystalline diamond material is substantially free of graphitic carbon and metallic compounds, and wherein the polycrystalline diamond material exhibits a density of at least about 3.49 g/cmand a modulus of at least about 1,000 GPa.'}5. The earth-boring tool of claim 4 , wherein the body comprises an earth-boring rotary drill bit.6. The ...

METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS RELATING TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANCER

Described herein are methods and compositions relating to the treatment of cancer, e.g., methods which account for a subject's Hippo pathway activity/mutational status or which relate to combination treatments that influence the subject's Hippo pathway activity in order to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. 1. A method of treating cancer , the method comprising administering a chemotherapeutic selected from the group consisting of:an antimetabolite; a nucleoside analog; an antifolate; a topoisomerase I inhibitor; a topoisomerase II inhibitor; an anthracycline; a tubulin modulator; a DNA cross-linking agent; a Src family kinase inhibitor; and a BCR-Abl kinase inhibitor; a. a deletion, a truncation or inactivating mutation in FAT4; LATS1; LATS2; STK11; or NF2;', 'b. decreased expression of FAT4; LATS1; LATS2; STK11; or NF2 relative to a reference;', 'c. increased expression of YAP; CTGF; AREG; AMOTL2; AXL; or BIRC5 relative to a reference;', 'd. decreased phosphorylation of YAP relative to a reference; or', 'e. increased nuclear localization of YAP relative to a reference., 'to a subject having cancer cells determined to have2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antimetabolite or nucleoside analog is selected from the group consisting of:gemcitabine; 5-FU; cladribine; cytarabine; tioguanine; mercaptopurine; and clofarabine.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antifolate is methotrexate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the topoisomerase I inhibitor is camptothecin claim 1 , topotecan claim 1 , or irinotecan or the topoisomerase II inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of:epirubicin; daunorubicin; doxorubicin; valrubicin; teniposide; etopiside; and mitoxantrone.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anthracycline is selected from the group consisting of:epirubicin; daunorubicin; doxorubicin; and valrubicin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tubulin modulator is ixabepilone.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Src family ...

Implements and methods of manufacturing and using same

Implements for moving a first body from atop a surface includes a body configured to be removably secured to a host machine, a leading edge of the body configured to be located within a gap between the first body and the surface, and a concave curved profile above the leading edge and having a shape such that as the leading edge is forced into the gap, the curved profile contacts the first body causing the first body to roll in a direction away from the implement.

POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACTS, METHODS OF FORMING POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND, AND EARTH-BORING TOOLS

A polycrystalline diamond compact includes a polycrystalline diamond material having a plurality of grains of diamond bonded to one another by inter-granular bonds and an intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase disposed within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond grains. The ordered intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase includes a Group VIII metal, aluminum, and a stabilizer. An earth-boring tool includes a bit body and a polycrystalline diamond compact secured to the bit body. A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes subjecting diamond particles in the presence of a metal material comprising a Group VIII metal and aluminum to a pressure of at least 4.5 GPa and a temperature of at least 1,000° C. to form inter-granular bonds between adjacent diamond particles, cooling the diamond particles and the metal material to a temperature below 500° C., and forming an intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase adjacent the diamond particles. 1. A polycrystalline diamond compact , comprising:a polycrystalline diamond material comprising a plurality of grains of diamond bonded to one another by inter-granular bonds; andan intermetallic gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase disposed within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond grains, the gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase comprising a Group VIII metal, aluminum, and a stabilizer.2. The polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1 , wherein the stabilizer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of titanium claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , and carbon.3. The polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1 , wherein the gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase comprises a metastable CoAl phase stabilized by the stabilizer.4. The polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1 , wherein the gamma prime (γ′) or κ-carbide phase comprises a metastable (CoNi)Al phase stabilized by the stabilizer.5. The polycrystalline diamond compact of claim 1 , wherein ...

Rail line sensing and safety system

A rail line sensing and safety system adapted to reliably sense the presence, and optionally the direction and speed, of vehicles traveling on a rail line, and when a vehicle is sensed, to indicate whether a safety device, such as crossing gates, lights, bells, etc., should be activated. The system comprises at least one detection module typically mounted on a rail, at least one remote module typically located near a detection module, and at least one control module typically located near a safety device. In operation, a detection module senses a vehicle traveling on a rail line and sends signals to a remote module. The remote module then processes signals received from the detection module and transmits signals to the control module. The control module then directs, either directly or indirectly as a backup or supplement to an existing sensing and safety system, whether a safety device should be activated.

POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND COMPACTS HAVING A MICROSTRUCTURE INCLUDING NANODIAMOND AGGLOMERATES, CUTTING ELEMENTS AND EARTH-BORING TOOLS INCLUDING SUCH COMPACTS, AND RELATED METHODS

A polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) has a diamond matrix including inter-bonded diamond grains and nanodiamond agglomerates within interstitial spaces in the diamond matrix. A volume percentage of the nanodiamond agglomerates in the PDC may be greater than or equal to a percolation threshold volume of the nanodiamond agglomerates in the PDC, and a remainder of the volume of the PDC may be at least substantially comprised by the diamond matrix. The PDC may be at least substantially free of metal solvent catalyst material. Earth-boring tools include one or more such PDCs. A method of manufacturing a PDC includes mixing diamond grains with nanodiamond agglomerates to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to a high temperature/high pressure (HTHP) sintering process to form the PDC without any substantial assistance from a metal solvent catalyst material. 1. A polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) , comprising:a diamond matrix including inter-bonded diamond grains bonded directly together by diamond-to-diamond bonds; andnanodiamond agglomerates including agglomerated nanodiamond grains, the nanodiamond agglomerates disposed within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond grains of the diamond matrix;wherein a volume percentage of the nanodiamond agglomerates in the PDC is greater than or equal to a percolation threshold volume of the nanodiamond agglomerates in the PDC, and a remainder of the volume of the PDC is at least substantially comprised by the diamond matrix, and wherein the PDC is at least substantially free of metal solvent catalyst material.2. The PDC of claim 1 , wherein the nanodiamond agglomerates comprise at least about ten percent by volume (10 vol %) of the PDC.3. The PDC of claim 1 , wherein the PDC comprises at least about ninety-six percent by volume (96 vol %) diamond.4. The PDC of claim 1 , wherein the nanodiamond agglomerates comprise at least about twenty percent by volume (20 vol %) of the PDC.5. The PDC of claim 3 , wherein ...

Polycrystalline diamond, methods of forming same, cutting elements, and earth-boring tools

A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes providing an alloy over diamond particles and subjecting the diamond particles to a pressure of at least 4.5 GPa and a temperature of at least 1,000° C. to form inter-granular bonds. The alloy includes iridium and at least one of copper, silver, and gold. A polycrystalline diamond compact includes diamond grains bonded by inter-granular bonds and an alloy disposed within interstitial spaces. The alloy includes iridium, carbon, and at least one of copper, silver, and gold. An earth-boring tool includes a bit body and a polycrystalline diamond compact secured to the bit body. Some methods include selecting an alloy that is catalytic to formation of diamond-to-diamond bonds when the alloy is in a liquid phase, but non-catalytic to the back-conversion of diamond to graphite at temperatures of less than about 1,000° C.

CANCER TREATMENT AND IMMUNE SYSTEM REGULATION THROUGH FAT10 PATHWAY INHIBITION

Described herein are methods of inhibiting mitosis, treating cancer and/or treating immune disorders through the use of agents that inhibit FAT10 and/or the FAT10 pathway. 1. A method of inhibiting mitosis in a cell comprising contacting the cell with an agent that inhibits the FAT10 pathway in the cell.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent inhibits the FAT10 pathway by inhibiting the activity or expression of FAT10 in the cell.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent is a small molecule claim 1 , a polypeptide or an inhibitory nucleic acid.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the agent is a small molecule that inhibits FAT10 activity.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the agent is an inhibitory nucleic acid specific for an mRNA that encodes FAT10.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of siRNA claim 5 , shRNA claim 5 , and an antisense RNA molecule claim 5 , or a nucleic acid that encodes a molecule selected from the group consisting of siRNA claim 5 , shRNA claim 5 , and/or an antisense RNA molecule.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the agent inhibits the conjugation of FAT10 with a FAT10 substrate.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the FAT10 substrate is encoded by a nucleic acid having a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 3-465.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a cancer cell or an immune cell.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the cell is in a subject who has or is suspected of having cancer or an immune disorder.11. A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject an agent that inhibits the FAT10 pathway.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the agent inhibits the FAT10 pathway by inhibiting the activity or expression of FAT10.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the agent is a small molecule claim 11 , a polypeptide or inhibitory nucleic acid.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the agent is a small molecule that inhibits FAT10 activity.15. The ...

ACCURATE AND INTERFERENCE-FREE MULTIPLEXED QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS USING MASS SPECTROMETRY

Embodiments are directed to a method, a computer readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed, perform a method, and a system for performing mass spectrometry analysis. Molecules of different samples may be labeled with a chemical tag, allowing a multiplexed analysis of multiple samples. The labeled molecules may be fragmented, each fragmented molecule creating at least two separate ions. The relative abundance of each of the heavier ions, which may comprise the original molecule from the sample, may be measured. A relative abundance of the labeled molecules in each of the samples may be determined from the measured relative abundances of the heavier ions. 1. A method of performing a mass spectrometry analysis , the method comprising:creating a mixture of a plurality of samples, wherein each of the plurality of samples comprises at least one type of precursor ion labeled with at least one type of chemical tag selected from a plurality of chemical tags, wherein each of the plurality of samples comprises a plurality of precursor ions of the at least one type of precursor ion; each ion of the first subset of ions comprises at least a portion of the respective chemical tag but not the respective molecule; and', 'each ion of the second subset of ions comprises at least a portion of the respective chemical tag and the respective molecule;, 'fragmenting the labeled precursor ions to form a plurality of ions comprising a first subset of ions and a second subset of ions, whereinmeasuring an abundance of each type of ion of the second subset of ions; anddetermining a relative abundance of at least one type of precursor ion in each of the plurality of samples by analyzing the abundance of each type of ion of the second subset of ions.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein creating the mixture of the plurality of samples comprises:labeling at least one type of molecule of each of a plurality of samples with a respective chemical tag, wherein each of the plurality ...

Cancer Treatment and Immune System Regulation Through FAT10 Pathway Inhibition

Described herein are methods of inhibiting mitosis, treating cancer and/or treating immune disorders through the use of agents that inhibit FAT10 and/or the FAT10 pathway. 154-. (canceled)55. A method of treating an immune disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject an agent that inhibits the FAT10 pathway56. The method of claim 55 , wherein the immune disorder comprises an autoimmune disorder claim 55 , an inflammatory disease or an allergy.57. The method of claim 56 , wherein the immune disorder is an autoimmune disease selected from Lupus claim 56 , Scleroderma claim 56 , hemolytic anemia claim 56 , vasculitis claim 56 , Grave's disease claim 56 , rheumatoid arthritis claim 56 , multiple sclerosis claim 56 , Goodpasture's syndrome claim 56 , pernicious anemia and/or myopathy.58. The method of claim 56 , wherein the immune disorder is an inflammatory disease selected from acne vulgaris claim 56 , asthma claim 56 , celiac disease claim 56 , chronic prostatitis claim 56 , glomerulonephritis claim 56 , inflammatory bowel disease claim 56 , pelvic inflammatory disease claim 56 , reprofusion injury claim 56 , rheumatoid arthritis claim 56 , sarcoidosis claim 56 , transplant rejection claim 56 , vasculitis and/or interstial cystitis.59. The method of claim 56 , wherein the immune disorder comprises an allergy selected from food allergies claim 56 , drug allergies and/or environmental allergies.60. The method of claim 56 , wherein the immune disorder comprises asthma claim 56 , inflammatory bowel disease claim 56 , Crohn's disease or colitis.61. The method of claim 55 , wherein the agent inhibits the FAT10 pathway by inhibiting the activity or expression of FAT10.62. The method of claim 55 , wherein the agent inhibits the formation of a conjugate between FAT10 and a FAT10 substrate63. The method of claim 55 , wherein the agent is a small molecule claim 55 , a polypeptide or inhibitory nucleic acid.64. The method of claim 63 , wherein the agent is an ...

Systems and methods for barcoding nucleic acids

The present invention generally relates to microfluidics and labeled nucleic acids. For example, certain aspects are generally directed to systems and methods for labeling nucleic acids within microfluidic droplets. In one set of embodiments, the nucleic acids may include “barcodes” or unique sequences that can be used to distinguish nucleic acids in a droplet from those in another droplet, for instance, even after the nucleic acids are pooled together. In some cases, the unique sequences may be incorporated into individual droplets using particles and attached to nucleic acids contained within the droplets (for example, released from lysed cells). In some cases, the barcodes may be used to distinguish tens, hundreds, or even thousands of nucleic acids, e.g., arising from different cells or other sources.

CONSTANT-CAPACITY PHYSICAL RESOURCE BLOCKS FOR UPSTREAM TRANSMISSIONS OVER COAX

A coax line terminal (CLT) transmits allocations of upstream bandwidth to a plurality of coax network units (CNUs). In response to the allocations, the CLT receives frames with data in a plurality of physical resource blocks that each correspond to a distinct set of subcarriers. The plurality of physical resource blocks includes a first group of physical resource blocks that all have a first constant allowed capacity. Sizes and modulation orders of respective physical resource blocks in the first group vary as defined by a first modulation profile. The data in the first group are received from one or more CNUs that are assigned the first modulation profile. 1. A method of operating a coax line terminal (CLT) , comprising:transmitting allocations of upstream bandwidth to a plurality of coax network units (CNUs); andin response to the allocations, receiving frames with data in a plurality of physical resource blocks that each correspond to a distinct set of subcarriers, the plurality of physical resource blocks comprising a first group of physical resource blocks that all have a first constant allowed capacity;wherein the data in the first group are received from one or more CNUs assigned a first modulation profile; andwherein sizes and modulation orders of respective physical resource blocks in the first group vary as defined by the first modulation profile.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein code rates of respective physical resource blocks in the first group vary as defined by the first modulation profile.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the frames comprise orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) frames claim 1 , the OFDMA frames each comprising a plurality of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:the one or more CNUs assigned the first modulation profile comprise a plurality of CNUs assigned the first modulation profile; andthe receiving comprises receiving data in respective physical resource ...

FENFLURAMINE COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF PREPARING THE SAME

Methods of preparing a fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient are provided. Aspects of the method include (a) hydrolyzing a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition to produce a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition; (b) reacting the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition with acetic anhydride and a catalyst to produce a 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition; and 120.-. (canceled)21. A fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient produced by a process comprising the steps of:(a) hydrolyzing a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition to produce a 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition;(b) purifying the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition via crystallization to produce a purified 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid having less than 0.2% by weight in total of trifluoromethyl-phenyl regioisomers;(c) reacting the purified 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetic acid composition with acetic anhydride and a catalyst to produce a 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition; and(d) reductively aminating the 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propan-2-one composition with ethylamine using a borohydride reducing agent to produce a fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient having less than 0.2% by weight in total of trifluoromethyl-phenyl regioisomers of fenfluramine.22. The fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient of claim 21 , wherein the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition comprises at least 0.5% by weight of 2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile.23. The fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient of claim 21 , wherein the 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetonitrile composition is prepared from trifluoromethylbenzene.24. The fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient of claim 21 , wherein the fenfluramine active pharmaceutical ingredient is produced by a process where step (c) comprises purification of the 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl) ...

DIAGNOSTIC METHOD BASED ON LARGE SCALE IDENTIFICATION OF POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION OF PROTEINS

Methods for the large scale identification of post-translational modification states of proteins and enzyme activities for carrying out post-translational modification reactions involve the analysis of functional extracts from fresh and frozen samples using protein arrays. The methods and kits of the present invention can be used to analyze and characterize compounds for their effects on post-translational modifications and their pathways. The methods and kits can also be used to diagnose and characterize a wide variety of diseases and medical conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, immune diseases, infectious diseases, genetic diseases, metabolic conditions, and drug effects using cells or body fluids of a patient. 1. A method of diagnosing a disease or medical condition in a subject , the method comprising the steps of:(i) contacting a functional biological sample comprising proteins having PTM enzyme activity with a solid state array, the array comprising an ordered plurality of proteins under conditions that allow post-translational modification (PTM) to occur or that allow PTM to be modified;(ii) identifying post-translationally modified proteins in the solid state array to obtain a PTM state data set that serves as a signature or profile of protein PTMs in the patient generated by the enzymatic activity in the sample; and(iii) comparing the PTM state data set of (ii) with a PTM standard data set that includes PTM state data diagnostic for the disease or medical condition, thereby diagnosing said disease or medical condition in the subject.2. The method of wherein the PTM standard data set is generated from PTM data from individuals known to have the disease or medical condition and individuals who do not have the disease or medical condition3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of comparing the pattern of protein PTM obtained under the effects of a drug.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the changes in the pattern of protein ...

BRAZE MATERIALS AND EARTH-BORING TOOLS COMPRISING BRAZE MATERIALS

A method includes disposing a braze material adjacent a first body and a second body; heating the braze material and forming a transient liquid phase; and transforming the transient liquid phase to a solid phase and forming a bond between the first body and the second body. The braze material includes copper, silver, zinc, magnesium, and at least one material selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, cobalt, iron, phosphorous, indium, lead, antimony, cadmium, and bismuth. 1. A braze material comprising:copper;silver;from about 25% to about 35% zinc by weight;magnesium; andat least one material selected from the group consisting of nickel, tin, cobalt, iron, phosphorous, indium, lead, antimony, cadmium, and bismuth.2. The braze material of claim 1 , wherein the braze material comprises metallic particles having an average particle size in a range from about 1 μm to about 15 μm.3. The braze material of claim 1 , further comprising an organic binder.4. The braze material of claim 1 , wherein the braze material comprises a first plurality of metallic particles and a second plurality of metallic particles interspersed with the first plurality of metallic particles.5. The braze material of claim 4 , wherein the first plurality of metallic particles comprises a first material having a first composition and the second plurality of metallic particles comprises a second material having a second composition different from the first composition.6. The braze material of claim 1 , wherein the braze material comprises at least one intermetallic compound.7. The braze material of claim 1 , further comprising nanoparticles comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of carbides claim 1 , oxides claim 1 , and borides.8. The braze material of claim 7 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise tungsten carbide.9. The braze material of claim 7 , wherein the nanoparticles comprise aluminum oxide.10. The braze material of claim 6 , wherein the braze material ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BARCODING NUCLEIC ACIDS

The present invention generally relates to microfluidics and labeled nucleic acids. For example, certain aspects are generally directed to systems and methods for labeling nucleic acids within microfluidic droplets. In one set of embodiments, the nucleic acids may include “barcodes” or unique sequences that can be used to distinguish nucleic acids in a droplet from those in another droplet, for instance, even after the nucleic acids are pooled together. In some cases, the unique sequences may be incorporated into individual droplets using particles and attached to nucleic acids contained within the droplets (for example, released from lysed cells). In some cases, the barcodes may be used to distinguish tens, hundreds, or even thousands of nucleic acids, e.g., arising from different cells or other sources. 121-. (canceled)22. An article , comprising:a plurality of particles, at least about 90% of the particles comprising an oligonucleotide 5 covalently bonded thereto, the oligonucleotide comprising at least 2 primer sites and at least 2 barcode regions,wherein at least about 90% of the particles are distinguishable from the other particles of the plurality of particles on the basis of the barcode regions of the oligonucleotides.23. The article of claim 22 , wherein the plurality of particles is contained within a plurality of microfluidic droplets.24. The article of claim 23 , wherein the plurality of particles is contained within a plurality of at least 100 microfluidic droplets.25. The article of claim 22 , wherein at least some of the particles are hydrogel particles.26. The article of claim 22 , wherein at least some of the particles are polymeric particles.27. The article of claim 22 , wherein at least some of the oligonucleotide tags comprise at least one barcode sequence.28. The article of claim 22 , wherein at least some of the oligonucleotide tags comprise a primer sequence.29. The article of claim 22 , wherein at least some of the oligonucleotide tags ...

Composite seating components

Composite components (22, 32) are described herein. An example composite component (22, 32) includes a fill material sandwiched between a first shell and a second shell. The first shell can include a cavity for receiving the fill material. The second shell can include a recessed portion extending into the cavity. The recessed portion can be configured to receive a separate component (16a, 30) of a passenger seat (12).

Rail Vehicle Signal Enforcement and Separation Control

Systems and methods are provided for train operation control and enforcement. A train control system for controlling operations of a train may include a train-mounted control unit deployed in the train, and a plurality of fixed control nodes deployed on or in close proximity to a track traversed by the train. Each of the train-mounted control unit and fixed control nodes includes a corresponding communication subsystem that includes transponders and communication circuits, configured for communicating signals. The train-mounted control unit is configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from the plurality of fixed control nodes, with the signals including ultra-wideband (UWB) signals and with at least some of the signals carrying data pertinent to controlling operations of the train; and to determine control information relating to controlling operations of the train based on received UWB signals originating from one or more fixed control nodes. 1. A train control system comprising:a train-mounted control unit deployed in a train; anda plurality of fixed control nodes each deployed on or in close proximity to a track traversed by the train; each of the train-mounted control unit and the plurality of fixed control nodes comprises a corresponding communication subsystem, wherein the communication subsystem comprises one or more transponders and one or more communication circuits, and is configured for communicating signals; and', [ the transmitted signals and the received signals comprise ultra-wideband (UWB) signals, and', 'at least some of the UWB signals carry data pertinent to controlling operations of the train; and, 'transmit signals to and receive signals originating from the plurality of fixed control nodes, wherein, 'determine control information relating to controlling operations of the train based on received UWB signals originating from one or more fixed control nodes from the plurality of fixed control nodes., 'the train-mounted control unit is ...

Cancer Treatment and Immune System Regulation Through FAT10 Pathway Inhibition

Described herein are methods of inhibiting mitosis, treating cancer and/or treating immune disorders through the use of agents that inhibit FAT 10 and/or the FAT 10 pathway. 110-. (canceled)11. A method of treating cancer in a subject comprising administering to the subject an agent that inhibits the FAT10 pathway.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the agent inhibits the FAT10 pathway by inhibiting the activity or expression of FAT10.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the agent is a small molecule claim 11 , a polypeptide or inhibitory nucleic acid.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the agent is a small molecule that inhibits FAT10 activity.15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the agent is an inhibitory nucleic acid specific for an mRNA that encodes FAT10.16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the inhibitory nucleic acid is selected from the group consisting of siRNA claim 15 , shRNA claim 15 , and an antisense RNA molecule claim 15 , or a nucleic acid that encodes a molecule selected from the group consisting of siRNA claim 15 , shRNA claim 15 , and/or an antisense RNA molecule.17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the agent inhibits the formation of a conjugate between FAT10 and a FAT10 substrate.18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the FAT10 substrate is encoded by a nucleic acid having a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 3-282.19. A method of treating an immune disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject an agent that inhibits the FAT10 pathway.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the agent inhibits the FAT10 pathway by inhibiting the activity or expression of FAT10.21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the agent is a small molecule claim 19 , a polypeptide or an inhibitory nucleic acid.22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the agent is a small molecule that inhibits FAT10 activity.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the agent is an inhibitory nucleic acid specific for an mRNA that encodes FAT10.24. The method of claim 23 , the inhibitory ...

Rail Vehicle Signal Enforcement and Separation Control

A system for vehicle management includes a control signal interface subsystem and a vehicle-mounted subsystem. Each of these subsystems includes an ultra-wideband (UWB) communications component. The subsystems communicate with each other through the UWB components. The vehicle mounted subsystem interfaces with a braking system of the vehicle. The vehicle mounted subsystem determines the distance between it and the control signal interface subsystem based on the time-of-flight of at least one communication between the subsystems. The vehicle-mounted subsystem can cause the braking system of the vehicle to activate if the distance between the vehicle-mounted subsystem and the control signal interface subsystem is less than a threshold.

METHODS OF FORMING POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND AND CUTTING ELEMENTS AND TOOLS COMPRISING POLYCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND

A method of forming polycrystalline diamond includes encapsulating diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a container. The encapsulated diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide are subjected to a pressure of at least 4.5 GPa and a temperature of at least 1400° C. to form inter-granular bonds between the diamond particles. A cutting element includes polycrystalline diamond material comprising inter-bonded grains of diamond. The polycrystalline diamond material is substantially free of graphitic carbon and metallic compounds. The polycrystalline diamond material exhibits a density of at least about 3.49 g/cmand a modulus of at least about 1000 GPa. An earth-boring tool may include such a cutting element secured to a body. 1. A method of forming polycrystalline diamond , comprising:encapsulating diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide in a container; andsubjecting the encapsulated diamond particles, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide to a pressure of at least 4.5 GPa and a temperature of at least 1400° C. to form inter-granular bonds between the diamond particles.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein encapsulating diamond particles claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , and carbon dioxide in a container comprises encapsulating diamond particles claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , and an inert gas in a container.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein encapsulating diamond particles claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , and carbon dioxide in a container further comprises removing at least one of oxygen and water from the container.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein encapsulating diamond particles claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , and carbon dioxide in a container comprises encapsulating diamond particles claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , and a substrate in a container.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein subjecting the encapsulated diamond particles claim 1 , carbon monoxide claim 1 ...

METHODS OF FORMING SUPPORTING SUBSTRATES FOR CUTTING ELEMENTS, AND RELATED CUTTING ELEMENTS, METHODS OF FORMING CUTTING ELEMENTS, AND EARTH-BORING TOOLS

A method of forming a supporting substrate for a cutting element comprises forming a precursor composition comprising discrete WC particles, a binding agent, and discrete particles comprising Co, one or more of Al, Be, Ga, Ge, Si, and Sn, and one or more of C and W. The precursor composition is subjected to a consolidation process to form a consolidated structure including WC particles dispersed in a homogenized binder comprising Co, W, C, and one or more of Al, Be, Ga, Ge, Si, and Sn. A method of forming a cutting element, a cutting element, a related structure, and an earth-boring tool are also described. 1. A method of forming a supporting substrate for a cutting element , comprising:forming a precursor composition comprising discrete WC particles, a binding agent, and discrete particles comprising Co, one or more of Al, Be, Ga, Ge, Si, and Sn, and one or more of C and W; andsubjecting the precursor composition to a consolidation process to form a consolidated structure including WC particles dispersed in a homogenized binder comprising Co, W, C, and one or more of Al, Be, Ga, Ge, Sn, and Si.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the precursor composition comprises selecting the discrete particles to comprise Co claim 1 , two or more of Al claim 1 , Be claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Si claim 1 , and Sn claim 1 , and one or more of C and W.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a precursor composition comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise the discrete WC particles claim 1 , the binding agent claim 1 , and discrete alloy particles individually comprising Co claim 1 , one or more of Al claim 1 , Be claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Si claim 1 , and Sn claim 1 , and one or more of C and W.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising selecting the discrete alloy particles to individually comprise Co claim 3 , two or more of Al claim 3 , Be claim 3 , Ga claim 3 , Ge claim 3 , Si claim 3 , and Sn claim 3 , and one or more of C and W.5. ...

METHODS OF FORMING SUPPORTING SUBSTRATES FOR CUTTING ELEMENTS, AND RELATED CUTTING ELEMENTS, METHODS OF FORMING CUTTING ELEMENTS, AND EARTH-BORING TOOLS

A method of forming a supporting substrate for a cutting element comprises forming a precursor composition comprising discrete WC particles, a binding agent, and discrete particles comprising Co, Al, and one or more of C and W. The precursor composition is subjected to a consolidation process to form a consolidated structure including WC particles dispersed in a homogenized binder comprising Co, Al, W, and C. A method of forming a cutting element, a cutting element, a related structure, and an earth-boring tool are also described. 1. A method of forming a supporting substrate for a cutting element , comprising:forming a precursor composition comprising discrete WC particles, a binding agent, and discrete particles comprising Co, Al, and one or more of C and W; andsubjecting the precursor composition to a consolidation process to form a consolidated structure including WC particles dispersed in a homogenized binder comprising Co, Al, W, and C.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a precursor composition comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise the discrete WC particles claim 1 , the binding agent claim 1 , and one or more of discrete Co—Al—C alloy particles and discrete Co—Al—W alloy particles.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the precursor composition comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise from about 5 wt % discrete Co—Al—C particles to about 15 wt % discrete Co—Al—C particles claim 1 , and from about 85 wt % discrete WC particles to about 95 wt % discrete WC particles.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the precursor composition comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise about 12 wt % discrete Co—Al—C particles and about 88 wt % discrete WC particles.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming a precursor composition further comprises forming the precursor composition to comprise at least one additive comprising one or more of B claim 1 , Al claim 1 , C claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , ...

Methods of modifying surfaces of diamond particles, and releated diamond particles and earth-boring tools

A method of modifying surfaces of diamond particles comprises forming spinodal alloy coatings over discrete diamond particles, thermally treating the spinodal alloy coatings to form modified coatings each independently exhibiting a reactive metal phase and a substantially non-reactive metal phase, and etching surfaces of the discrete diamond particles with at least one reactive metal of the reactive metal phase of the modified coatings. Diamond particles and earth-boring tools are also described.

METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for preventing or treating atherosclerosis in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide and in some applications, a second active agent chemically linked to the peptide, to subjects in need thereof. 1. A method for treating atherosclerosis in a mammalian subject in need thereof , the method comprising administering an effective amount of (i) a peptide D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NHor a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and (ii) an antihyperlipidemic drug , wherein the peptide and the antihyperlipidemic drug are chemically linked.234-. (canceled) This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Application No. 61/678,992 filed on Aug. 2, 2012, U.S. Application No. 61/695,807 filed on Aug. 31, 2012, and U.S. Application No. 61/695,850 filed on Aug. 31, 2012. The content of each application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.The present technology relates generally to compositions and methods of preventing or treating atherosclerosis. In particular, embodiments of the present technology relate to administering aromatic-cationic peptides in effective amounts to prevent or treat atherosclerosis in mammalian subjects.The present technology relates to the treatment or prevention of atherosclerosis in mammals through the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of aromatic-cationic peptides and, in some embodiments, a second active agent. In some embodiments, the second active agent includes an antihyperlipidemic drug. In some embodiments, the second active agent includes a statin. In some embodiments, the second active agent and the aromatic-cationic peptide are chemically linked.In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising (i) a peptide D-Arg-2′6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NHor a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, such as acetate or trifluoroacetate salt, and (ii) a ...

Rail Vehicle Signal Enforcement and Separation Control

Systems and methods are provided for rail vehicle signal enforcement and separation control. A vehicle-mounted system for managing operation compliance of a vehicle may include a communication subsystem that includes one or more transponders and one or more communication circuits, configured for communicating signals, and a processing subsystem, that includes at least one processor. The communication subsystem may be configured to communicate signals with one or more fixed reporting stations, with the signals including ultra-wideband (UWB) signals, and with at least some of the signals carrying data pertinent to evaluating vehicle operation compliance. The processing subsystem may be configured to evaluate vehicle operation compliance based on information obtained from at least one signal communicated with at least one reporting station. The processing subsystem may determine a rule for evaluating compliance of the vehicle, and may monitor operation of the vehicle to evaluate compliance with the rule. 120-. (canceled)21. A vehicle-mounted system for managing a operation compliance of a vehicle , the vehicle-mounted system comprises:a communication subsystem, comprising one or more transponders and one or more communication circuits, configured for communicating signals; anda processing subsystem, comprising at least one processor; [ the signals comprise ultra-wideband (UWB) signals, and', 'at least some of the signals carry data pertinent to evaluating vehicle operation compliance; and, 'the communication subsystem is configured to communicate signals with one or more fixed reporting stations, wherein, 'the processing subsystem is configured to evaluate vehicle operation compliance based on information obtained from at least one signal communicated with at least one reporting station., 'wherein22. The vehicle-mounted system of claim 21 , wherein the processing subsystem determines a rule for evaluating compliance of the vehicle.23. The vehicle-mounted system of ...

AROMATIC-CATIONIC PEPTIDES AND USES OF SAME

The disclosure provides compositions and methods relating to aromatic-cationic peptides. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to subjects in need thereof. For example, the peptides may be administered to subjects in need of a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant. 2. A pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more aromatic-cationic peptides of and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.3. The pharmaceutical composition of further comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.4. A method of reducing the number of mitochondria undergoing mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) claim 1 , or preventing mitochondrial permeability transitioning in a mammal in need thereof claim 1 , the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of one or more aromatic-cationic peptides of .5. A method for reducing oxidative damage in a mammal in need thereof claim 1 , the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of one or more aromatic-cationic peptides of .6. A method for increasing the ATP synthesis rate in a mammal in need thereof claim 1 , the method comprising administering to the mammal an effective amount of one or more aromatic-cationic peptides of .8. The method of claim 7 , wherein detecting is performed during administration of the peptide.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein detecting is performed after administration of the peptide.10. The method of any one of claim 7 , wherein detecting comprises HPLC.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the HPLC comprises reverse phase HPLC.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the HPLC comprises ion exchange HPLC.13. The method of claim 7 , wherein detecting comprises mass spectrometry.14. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biological sample comprises a fluid.15. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biological sample comprises a cell.16. The method of claim 7 , wherein the biological sample comprises a tissue.17. The ...

Cutting elements, and related earth-boring tools, supporting substrates, and methods

A cutting element comprises a supporting substrate, and a cutting table attached to an end of the supporting substrate. The cutting table comprises inter-bonded diamond particles, and a thermally stable material within interstitial spaces between the inter-bonded diamond particles. The thermally stable material comprises a carbide precipitate having the general chemical formula, A 3 XZ n-1 , where A comprises one or more of Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Ac, Th, Pa, and U; X comprises one or more of Al, Ga, Sn, Be, Bi, Te, Sb, Se, As, Ge, Si, B, and P; Z comprises C; and n is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.75. A method of forming a cutting element, an earth-boring tool, a supporting substrate, and a method of forming a supporting substrate are also described.

ABUSE TOLERANCE IN BATTERY MODULES

An energy storage device and structure for energy storage cells is provided that includes a plurality of energy storage cells, each of the energy storage cells having side surface areas. The plurality of energy storage cells are arranged in a pattern with each energy storage cell being spaced a specified distance apart from one another. An expandable material is adhered, by an adhesive backing, to at least a portion of the side surface areas of one or more of the energy storage cells, and the expandable material expands within and at least part of the specified distance. 1. A battery module , comprising:a plurality of energy storage cells, each of the energy storage cells having side surface areas, wherein the plurality of energy storage cells are arranged in a pattern with each energy storage cell spaced apart a specified distance from one another; andan expandable material adhered, by an adhesive backing, to at least a portion of a side surface area of one or more of the energy storage cells,wherein the expandable material, in an expanded state, expands within the specified distance.2. The battery module of claim 1 , wherein the expandable material has a compressed state and the expanded state and wherein the expandable material is in contact with only every other cell in the plurality of energy storage cells when the expandable material is in the compressed state.3. The battery module of claim 2 , wherein each of the energy storage cells in the plurality of energy storage cells are in contact with the expandable material when the expandable material is in the expanded state.4. The battery module of claim 2 , wherein in the expanded state claim 2 , the expandable material expands substantially the specified distance.5. The battery module of claim 1 , wherein the expandable material is adhered to each of the energy storage cells in a same pattern on each of the energy storage cells.6. The battery module of claim 5 , wherein claim 5 , in the expanded state claim 5 , ...

Combined optical and electrical sensor cartridges

A sensor cartridge has a cartridge substrate comprising an optical substrate for optical detection of a target moiety in a sample fluid based on frustrated totalinternal reflection and at least one electric structure. This way, optical read-out and electrical functions, e.g. read-out, are combined in a single substrate, in a simple and cheap manner. Also a method of fabricating such sensor cartridge is provided.

Rail line sensing and safety system

A rail line sensing and safety system adapted to reliably sense the presence, and optionally the direction and speed, of vehicles traveling on a rail line, and when a vehicle is sensed, to indicate whether a safety device, such as crossing gates, lights, bells, etc., should be activated. The system comprises at least one detection module typically mounted on a rail, at least one remote module typically located near a detection module, and at least one control module typically located near a safety device. In operation, a detection module senses a vehicle traveling on a rail line and sends signals to a remote module. The remote module then processes signals received from the detection module and transmits signals to the control module. The control module then directs, either directly or indirectly as a backup or supplement to an existing sensing and safety system, whether a safety device should be activated.

A micro-fluidic device based upon active matrix principles

A micro-fluidic device (1) including a two-dimensional array of a plurality of components (2) for processing a fluid and/or for sensing properties of the fluid is suggested. Each component (2) is coupled to at least one control terminal (9,10) enabling an active matrix to change the state of each component individually. The active matrix includes a two- dimensional array of electronic components (12) realized in thin film technology. The active matrix provides a high versatility of the device. The thin film technology ensures a very cost efficient manufacturing also of large devices.

Microelectronic device with heating array

The invention relates to different designs of a microelectronic device comprising an array of heating elements (HE) with local driving units (CU2) and optionally with an array of sensor elements (SE) adjacent to a sample chamber (SC). By applying appropriate currents to the heating elements (HE), the sample chamber can be heated according to a desired temperature profile. The local driving units comprise means for compensating variations of their individual characteristics.

Microelectronic device with heating array

The invention relates to different designs of a microelectronic device comprising an array of heating elements (HE) with local driving units (CU2) and optionally with an array of sensor elements (SE) adjacent to a sample chamber (SC). By applying appropriate currents to the heating elements (HE), the sample chamber can be heated according to a desired temperature profile. The local driving units comprise means for compensating variations of their individual characteristics.

Microelectronic device with heating electrodes

The invention relates to different designs of a microelectronic device comprising heating electrodes (HE) and field electrodes (FE) that have effect in the same sub-region of a sample chamber. By applying appropriate voltages to the field electrodes (FE), an electrical field (E) can be generated in the sample chamber. By applying appropriate currents to the heating electrodes (HE), the sample chamber can be heated according to a desired temperature profile. The heating electrodes (HE) may optionally be operated as field electrodes such that they generate an electrical field in the sample chamber, too.

Microelectronic device with heating electrodes

The invention relates to different designs of a microelectronic device comprising heating electrodes (HE) and field electrodes (FE) that have effect in the same sub-region of a sample chamber. By applying appropriate voltages to the field electrodes (FE), an electrical field (E) can be generated in the sample chamber. By applying appropriate currents to the heating electrodes (HE), the sample chamber can be heated according to a desired temperature profile. The heating electrodes (HE) may optionally be operated as field electrodes such that they generate an electrical field in the sample chamber, too.

Microelectronic device with heating array

The invention relates to different designs of a microelectronic device comprising an array of heating elements (HE) with local driving units (CU2) and optionally with an array of sensor elements (SE) adjacent to a sample chamber (SC). By applying appropriate currents to the heating elements (HE), the sample chamber can be heated according to a desired temperature profile. The local driving units comprise means for compensating variations of their individual characteristics.

A micro-fluidic device based upon active matrix principles

A micro-fluidic device (1) including a two-dimensional array of a plurality of components (2) for processing a fluid and/or for sensing properties of the fluid is suggested. Each component (2) is coupled to at least one control terminal (9,10) enabling an active matrix to change the state of each component individually. The components comprise at least one heater element (13). The active matrix includes a two-dimensional array of electronic components (12) realized in thin film technology. The active matrix provides a high versatility of the device. The thin film technology ensures a very cost efficient manufacturing also of large devices.

A micro-fluidic device based upon active matrix principles

A micro-fluidic device (1) including a two-dimensional array of a plurality of components (2) for processing a fluid and/or for sensing properties of the fluid is suggested. Each component (2) is coupled to at least one control terminal (9,10) enabling an active matrix to change the state of each component individually. The components comprise at least one heater element (13). The active matrix includes a two-dimensional array of electronic components (12) realized in thin film technology. The active matrix provides a high versatility of the device. The thin film technology ensures a very cost efficient manufacturing also of large devices. In the micro-fluidic device the fluid flow can be detected.

A micro-fluidic device based upon active matrix principles

A micro-fluidic device (1) including a two-dimensional array of a plurality of components (2) for processing a fluid and/or for sensing properties of the fluid is suggested. Each component (2) is coupled to at least one control terminal (9,10) enabling an active matrix to change the state of each component individually. The components comprise at least one heater element (13). The active matrix includes a two-dimensional array of electronic components (12) realized in thin film technology. The active matrix provides a high versatility of the device. The thin film technology ensures a very cost efficient manufacturing also of large devices.

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of cancer, such as ovarian cancer, are disclosed. Compositions may comprise one or more ovarian carcinoma proteins, immunogenic portions thereof, polynucleotides that encode such portions or antibodies or immune system cells specific for such proteins. Such compositions may be used, for example, for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as ovarian cancer. Methods are further provided for identifying tumor antigens that are secreted from ovarian carcinomas and/or other tumors. Polypeptides and polynucleotides as provided herein may further be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian cancer.

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of cancer, particularly ovarian cancer, are disclosed. Illustrative compositions comprise one or more ovarian tumor polypeptides, immunogenic portions thereof, polynucleotides that encode such polypeptides, antigen presenting cell that expresses such polypeptides, and T cells that are specific for cells expressing such polypeptides. The disclosed compositions are useful, for example, in the diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment of diseases, particularly ovarian cancer.

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of cancer, such as ovarian cancer, are disclosed. Compositions may comprise one or more ovarian carcinoma proteins, immunogenic portions thereof, polynucleotides that encode such portions or antibodies or immune system cells specific for such proteins. Such compositions may be used, for example, for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as ovarian cancer. Methods are further provided for identifying tumor antigens that are secreted from ovarian carcinomas and/or other tumors. Polypeptides and polynucleotides as provided herein may further be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian cancer.

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of cancer, such as ovarian cancer, are disclosed. Compositions may comprise one or more ovarian carcinoma proteins, immunogenic portions thereof, polynucleotides that encode such portions or antibodies or immune system cells specific for such proteins. Such compositions may be used, for example, for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as ovarian cancer. Methods are further provided for identifying tumor antigens that are secreted from ovarian carcinomas and/or other tumors. Polypeptides and polynucleotides as provided herein may further be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of ovarian cancer.

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of breast cancer

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of cancer, particularly breastcancer, are disclosed. Illustrative compositions comprise one or more breasttumor polypeptides, immunogenic portions thereof, polynucleotides that encode such polypeptides, antigen presenting cell that expresses such polypeptides, and T cells that are specific for cells expressing such polypeptides. The disclosed compositions are useful, for example, in the diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment of diseases, particularly breastcancer.

Anti-reflective coatings using vinyl ether crosslinkers

Novel, wet developable anti-reflective coating compositions and methods of using those compositions are provided. The compositions comprise a polymer and/or oligomer having acid functional groups and dissolved in a solvent system along with a crosslinker and a photoacid generator. The preferred acid functional group is a carboxylic acid, while the preferred crosslinker is a vinyl ether crosslinker. In use, the compositions are applied to a substrate and thermally crosslinked. Upon exposure to light, the cured compositions will decrosslink, rendering them soluble in typical photoresist developing solutions (e.g., alkaline developers).

Anti-reflective coatings using vinyl ether crosslinkers

Novel, wet developable anti-reflective coating compositions and methods of using those compositions are provided. The compositions comprise a polymer and/or oligomer having acid functional groups and dissolved in a solvent system along with a crosslinker and a photoacid generator. The preferred acid functional group is a carboxylic acid, while the preferred crosslinker is a vinyl ether crosslinker. In use, the compositions are applied to a substrate and thermally crosslinked. Upon exposure to light, the cured compositions will decrosslink, rendering them soluble in typical photoresist developing solutions (e.g., alkaline developers).

Facilitated liquid membranes for olefin/paraffin gas separations and related process

A facilitated liquid membrane for the separation of olefins from a gaseous feed stream comprises a porous support structure (10, 15) and a liquid membrane which comprises an aqueous solution containing a metal salt facilitator capable of coordinating with olefin gases, and an alkyl carbonate co-solvent. A process for the separation of olefins from gaseous feed streams comprises the steps of passing a gaseous feed stream over one side of a facilitated liquid membrane according to the present invention and collecting the olefins on the other side of the membrane.

Facilitated liquid membranes for olefin/paraffin gas separations and related process

A process for the separation of olefins from gaseous feed streams comprises the steps of passing a gaseous feed stream over one side of a facilitated liquid membrane which comprises a porous support member (15) and a liquid membrane comprising an aqueous solution containing a metal salt facilitator e.g. silver nitrate capable of coordinating with olefin gases and an alkyl carbonate e.g. ethylene carbonate co-solvent, and collecting the olefins on the other side of the membrane.

Facilitated liquid membranes for olefin/paraffin gas separations and related process

Benzimidazole derivatives, their use, and pharmaceutical composition

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of cancer, particularly lung cancer, are disclosed. Illustrative compositions comprise one or more lung tumor polypeptides, immunogenic portions thereof, polynucleotides that encode such polypeptides, antigen presenting cell that expresses such polypeptides, and T cells that are specific for cells expressing such polypeptides. The disclosed compositions are useful, for example, in the diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment of diseases, particularly lung cancer.

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of lung cancer

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of cancer, particularly lung cancer, are disclosed. Illustrative compositions comprise one or more lung tumor polypeptides, immunogenic portions thereof, polynucleotides that encode such polypeptides, antigen presenting cell that expresses such polypeptides, and T cells that are specific for cells expressing such polypeptides. The disclosed compositions are useful, for example, in the diagnosis, prevention and/or treatment of diseases, particularly lung cancer.

Compositions and methods for the therapy and diagnosis of prostate cancer

Isolated nucleic acid encoding ligands for FGFR

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods which are useful in the identification and isolation of components involved in transmembrane receptor-mediated signaling. Such components include the receptors themselves (e.g., tyrosine kinase receptors, cytokine receptors and tyrosine phosphatase receptors), as well as ligands which bind the receptors and modulators of the downstream intracellular catalytic event which characterizes receptor-mediated signalling. Two novel ligands for the FGF receptor and the nucleotide sequences encoding them are also described.

Method of isolating receptor and ligand DNA

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods which are useful in the identification and isolation of components involved in transmembrane receptor-mediated signaling. Such components include the receptors themselves (e.g., tyrosine kinase receptors, cytokine receptors and tyrosine phosphatase receptors), as well as ligands which bind the receptors and modulators of the downstream intracellular catalytic event which characterizes receptor-mediated signalling. Two novel ligands for the FGF receptor and the nucleotide sequences encoding them are also described.

Isolated FGF receptor

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods which are useful in the identification and isolation of components involved in transmembrane receptor-mediated signaling. Such components include the receptors themselves (e.g., tyrosine kinase receptors, cytokine receptors and tyrosine phosphatase receptors), as well as ligands which bind the receptors and modulators of the downstream intracellular catalytic event which characterizes receptor-mediated signalling. Two novel ligands for the FGF receptor and the nucleotide sequences encoding them are also described.