Amine alkoxylate compositions and their use as lubricant additives

Provided are compositions and their use as dispersant and/or detergent additives for lubricants. The compositions comprise an amine alkoxylate of the formula I: (I) wherein R 1 -R 7 , R 1 ′-R 7 ; x, x′, A, A′ and A″ are as defined herein.

MOISTURE RESISTANT PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES WITH EXPOSED CONDUCTIVE GRID

The present invention provides strategies for improving the adhesion among two or more of transparent conducting oxides, electrically conductive grid materials, and dielectric barrier layers. As a consequence, these strategies are particularly useful in the fabrication of heterojunction photovoltaic devices such as chalcogenide-based solar cells. When the barrier is formed and then the grid is applied to vias in the barrier, the structure has improved moisture barrier resistance as compared to where the barrier is formed over or around the grid. Adhesion is improved to such a degree that grid materials and dielectric barrier materials can cooperate to provide a hermetic seal over devices to protect against damage induced by environmental conditions, including damage due to water intrusion. This allows the collection grids to be at least partially exposed above the dielectric barrier, making it easy to make electronic connection to the devices.

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDRATION

Provided is a method for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a halogenated rare earth element oxide catalyst, wherein the used dehydration catalyst may be regenerated by a halogenation step. The rare earth element oxide is an oxide of a light rare earth element, an oxide of a medium rare earth element, an oxide of a heavy rare earth element, an oxide of yttrium, or a mixtures of two or more thereof. 1. A method for preparing a diaryl ether compound , the method comprising:providing a reaction vessel having loaded therein a dehydration catalyst comprising a halogenated rare earth element oxide;dehydrating an aromatic alcohol compound over the dehydration catalyst to form a diaryl ether compound; andregenerating the dehydration catalyst by halogenating it with a halogen source.2. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst is further regenerated through an oxidative treatment step by being heated at elevated temperature in the presence of a gas containing oxygen.3. The method of wherein the halogen source provides chlorine atoms or fluorine atoms.4. The method of wherein the rare earth element oxide is an oxide of a light rare earth element claim 1 , an oxide of a medium rare earth element claim 1 , an oxide of a heavy rare earth element claim 1 , an oxide of yttrium claim 1 , or mixtures of two or more thereof.5. The method of wherein the rare earth element oxide is an oxide of lanthanum claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , samarium claim 1 , europium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , terbium claim 1 , dysprosium claim 1 , holmium claim 1 , erbium claim 1 , thulium claim 1 , ytterbium claim 1 , lutetium claim 1 , yttrium claim 1 , or mixtures of two or more thereof.6. The method of wherein the rare earth element oxide is an oxide of yttrium.7. The method of wherein the dehydration of the aromatic alcohol compound is conducted at a temperature from 200 to 800° C.8. The method of ...

ALKOXYLATION PROCESSES AND CATALYSTS THEREFOR

A process of contacting an alkylene oxide with 2-methoxy-1-propanol (PM1) in the presence of an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex catalyst is disclosed. Further, a process involving contacting an alkylene oxide with an alkyl alcohol using an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex as a catalyst is also disclosed. Additionally, novel compositions which can be used as catalysts in processes involving the contacting of an alkyl alcohol with an alkylene oxide are also disclosed.

MATERIAL FOR PACKAGING COMPRISING ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITION

Materials are provided that combine certain antimicrobial compositions with substrates to provide materials suitable for the packaging of food products, such as meat products. In one aspect, the present invention provides a material suitable for packaging that comprises (a) a substrate, and (b) an antimicrobial composition comprising: (i) an active antimicrobial agent and (ii) a carrier, wherein the antimicrobial composition is a hydrogel. 1. A material suitable for food packaging , comprising:(a) a polymeric film; and(b) an antimicrobial composition comprising: (i) an active antimicrobial agent, (ii) at least one rheology modifier, and (iii) water, wherein the antimicrobial composition is a hydrogel at a temperature between 2° C. and 12° C.2. (canceled)3. The material of claim 1 , wherein the rheology modifier comprises at least one cellulose ether polymer claim 1 , gelatin claim 1 , pectin claim 1 , xantham gum claim 1 , guar gum and combinations thereof.4. The material of claim 1 , wherein the rheology modifier comprises methylcellulose.5. The material of claim 1 , wherein the rheology modifier comprises gelatin.6. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises at least one of an amino acid derivative claim 1 , an organic acid claim 1 , a peptide claim 1 , a quaternary ammonium salt claim 1 , an amino acid derivative claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises at least one of cetylpyridinium chloride claim 1 , lauric arginate claim 1 , and dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyepropyl]ammonium chloride.8. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises at least one bacteriophage and at least one other antimicrobial agent.9. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is not a bacteriophage.10. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial composition further comprises at least one of an antioxidant claim 1 , a surfactant claim 1 , a stabilizer ...

NONIONIC SURFACTANT COMPOSITIONS

The present invention provides nonionic surfactants, compositions incorporating these surfactants, and related methods of making and using such surfactants and compositions. The nonionic surfactants demonstrate excellent equilibrium and dynamic surface tension properties as well as excellent wetting properties. Further, representative embodiments of the surfactants have, shown low foaming characteristics, indicating that the surfactants would be suitable in applications where resistance to foaming is desired. The surfactants can be used singly or in combination with other nonionic and/or ionic surfactants as desired. As an overview, the nonionic surfactants of the present invention have a structure in which the surfactant backbone includes one or more amine moieties. At least one, preferably two or more branched, cyclic, fused cyclic, and/or spyro hydrophobic moieties are pendant from at least one of the amine moieties. Additionally, at least one, preferably two or more hydrophilic moieties, preferably alkylene oxide (i.e., polyether) chains also are pendant from at least one of the amine moieties.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF LIGHTLY-BRANCHED HYDROPHOBES AND THE CORRESPONDING SURFACTANTS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

Processes to prepare lightly branched surfactant products comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. The surfactant products comprise a main carbon chain containing an average of between 0.5 and 2.5 branches, wherein more than 50% of the branches are ethyl branches, wherein the branches are located more than one carbon away from each end of the main carbon chain in more than 20% of surfactant product molecules 1. (canceled)2. A process comprising:(1) combining at least one olefin and at least one coordination-insertion catalyst and, optionally, an alpha-olefin,wherein the coordination-insertion catalyst is a metal-ligand complex wherein the metal is selected from zirconium, hafnium and titanium,and has an ethylene/octene reactivity ratio up to 20 at an operating reactor temperature, and a kinetic chain length up to 20 monomer units;under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed,wherein the oligomer product includes a main carbon chain containing an average of between 0.5 and 2.5 branches, wherein more than 50% of the branches are ethyl branches, wherein the branches are located on average more than one carbon away from each end of the main carbon chain in more than 20% of oligomer product molecules, wherein the branches are situated at a second carbon relative to an unsaturated end of the main carbon chain in less than 40% of the oligomer product molecules, and wherein the oligomer product contains greater than 50% vinyl olefin;(2) fractionating the oligomer product to produce a fractionated oligomer product, such that the average carbon number of the fractionated oligomer product is between 8 and 28;(3) hydroformylating the fractionated oligomer product to produce an aldehyde product; and(4) hydrogenating the aldehyde product to produce an alcohol product.3. A process according to claim 2 , further comprising alkoxylating the alcohol product to ...

Process for the preparation of lightly-branched hydrophobes and the corresponding surfactants and applications thereof

Processes to prepare lightly branched surfactant products comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. The surfactant products comprise a main carbon chain containing an average of between 0.5 and 2.5 branches, wherein more than 50% of the branches are ethyl branches, wherein the branches are located more than one carbon away from each end of the main carbon chain in more than 20% of surfactant product molecules.

SHRINK FILMS, AND METHODS OF MAKING THEREOF

A shrink film comprising a polyethylene-based film having a top surface, a bottom surface, and comprising one or more layers, wherein at least one layer of the polyethylene-based film comprises a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof, and a coating layer disposed on the top surface of the polyethylene-based film, wherein the coating layer comprises an adhesive and a near-infrared absorbent material. 1. A shrink film comprising: a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, and', 'optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof; and, 'a polyethylene-based film having a top surface, a bottom surface, and comprising one or more layers, wherein at least one layer of the polyethylene-based film comprisesa coating layer disposed on the top surface of the polyethylene-based film, wherein the coating layer comprises an adhesive and a near-infrared absorbent material.2. The shrink film of any of the previous claims , wherein the top surface of the polyethylene-based film is corona-treated.3. The shrink film of any of the previous claims , wherein the coating layer comprises from 0.01 wt. % to 30 wt. % of the near-infrared absorbing material.4. The shrink film of any of the previous claims , wherein the near-infrared absorbing material absorbs radiation at wavelengths of from 700 nm to 3000 nm.5. The shrink film of any of the ...

Alkoxylation processes and catalysts therefor

A process of contacting an alkylene oxide with 2-methoxy-1-propanol (PM1) in the presence of an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex catalyst is disclosed. Further, a process involving contacting an alkylene oxide with an alkyl alcohol using an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex as a catalyst is also disclosed. Additionally, novel compositions which can be used as catalysts in processes involving the contacting of an alkyl alcohol with an alkylene oxide are also disclosed.

Nonionic surfactant compositions

The present invention provides nonionic surfactants, compositions incorporating these surfactants, and related methods of making and using such surfactants and compositions. The nonionic surfactants demonstrate excellent equilibrium and dynamic surface tension properties as well as excellent wetting properties. Further, representative embodiments of the surfactants have shown low foaming characteristics, indicating that the surfactants would be suitable in applications where resistance to foaming is desired. The surfactants can be used singly or in combination with other nonionic and/or ionic surfactants as desired. As an over view, the nonionic surfactants of the present invention have a structure in which the surfactant backbone includes one or more amine moieties. At least one, preferably two or more branched, cyclic, fused cyclic, and/or spyro hydrophobic moieties are pendant from at least one of the amine moieties. Additionally, at least one, preferably two or more hydrophilic moieties ...

Process for the preparation of lightly-branched hydrophobes and the corresponding surfactants and applications thereof

Processes to prepare lightly branched surfactant products comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. The surfactant products comprise a main carbon chain containing an average of between 0.5 and 2.5 branches, wherein more than 50% of the branches are ethyl branches, wherein the branches are located more than one carbon away from each end of the main carbon chain in more than 20% of surfactant product molecules.

Process for preparing diaryl oxides by decarboxylation

Provided is a process for the preparation of diaryl oxide compounds. The process uses a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing oxides of aluminum and magnesium to decarboxylate a diaryl carbonate compound to yield the diaryl oxide compound.

MOISTURE RESISTANT PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES WITH EXPOSED CONDUCTIVE GRID

The present invention provides strategies for improving the adhesion among two or more of transparent conducting oxides, electrically conductive grid materials, and dielectric barrier layers. As a consequence, these strategies are particularly useful in the fabrication of heterojunction photovoltaic devices such as chalcogenide-based solar cells. When the barrier is formed and then the grid is applied to vias in the barrier, the structure has improved moisture barrier resistance as compared to where the barrier is formed over or around the grid. Adhesion is improved to such a degree that grid materials and dielectric barrier materials can cooperate to provide a hermetic seal over devices to protect against damage induced by environmental conditions, including damage due to water intrusion. This allows the collection grids to be at least partially exposed above the dielectric barrier, making it easy to make electronic connection to the devices.

Alkoxylation processes and catalysts therefor

A process of contacting an alkylene oxide with 2-methoxy-1-propanol (PM1) in the presence of an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex catalyst is disclosed. Further, a process involving contacting an alkylene oxide with an alkyl alcohol using an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex as a catalyst is also disclosed. Additionally, novel compositions which can be used as catalysts in processes involving the contacting of an alkyl alcohol with an alkylene oxide are also disclosed.

Catalysts and methods for alcohol dehydration

Provided is a process for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. The dehydration catalyst is an oxide of a medium rare earth element, wherein the medium rare earth element is samarium, europium, gadolinium, or mixtures thereof.

Shrink films, and method of making thereof

A shrink film comprising a polyethylene-based film having a top surface, a bottom surface, and comprising one or more layers, wherein at least one layer of the polyethylene-based film comprises a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof, and a coating layer disposed on the top surface of the polyethylene-based film, wherein the coating layer comprises an adhesive and a near-infrared absorbent material.

POLYMER COMPOSITIONS, SHRINK FILMS, AND METHODS OF MAKING THEREOF

A polyethylene-based polymer composition suitable for use in a shrink film, the polyethylene-based polymer composition comprising a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, a material that absorbs radiation in the near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral wavelength ranges, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof. 1. A polyethylene-based polymer composition suitable for use in a shrink film , the polyethylene-based polymer composition comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof;'}a material that absorbs radiation in the near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral wavelength ranges; andoptionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof.2. The polyethylene-based polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the material that absorbs radiation in the near-infrared claim 1 , visible claim 1 , and ultraviolet spectral wavelength ranges is 0.01 wt. % to 30 wt. %.3. The polyethylene-based polymer composition of claim 2 , wherein the material that absorbs radiation in the near-infrared claim 2 , visible claim 2 , and ultraviolet spectral wavelength ranges comprises carbon black claim 2 , structured nanocarbons claim 2 , tar claim 2 , aniline black claim 2 , Austin black claim 2 , or combinations thereof.4. The polyethylene-based polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the blend comprises from 5 to 100 wt. % of the low ...

DISPERSANT SUITABLE FOR LUBRICANT FORMULATIONS

A dispersant includes the reaction product of an amine and at least one equivalent of glycidyl ether where the amine is selected from a group consisting of aminoethylpiperazine, bis(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amine, 4,4′-methylenebiscyclohexylamine, m-xylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and triethylenetetramine and where the glycidyl ether has the structure (A), where R is selected from aromatic carbon chains, non-aromatic carbon chains and polyalkylene glycol groups. The dispersant is useful in a lubricant with a base oil for increasing soot dispersibility of the lubricant.

Moisture resistant photovoltaic devices with improved adhesion of barrier film

The present invention provides strategies for improving the adhesion between a barrier region, a transparent conductive region, and/or an electrically conductive grid through the use of an adhesion promoting region. The adhesion promoting region is optically transmissive and comprises a metal layer, a metal nitride layer, a metal carbide layer, or a combination thereof and preferably comprises at least one of Cr, Ti, Ta, and Zr or a combination thereof. These strategies are particularly useful in the fabrication of heterojunction photovoltaic devices such as chalcogenide-based solar cells. Adhesion is improved to such a degree that grid materials and dielectric barrier materials can cooperate to provide a hermetic seal over devices to protect against damage induced by environmental conditions, including damage due to water intrusion. The adhesion promoting region also serves as a barrier to the migration of Na, Li, and the lanthanoid series of elements.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE and diphenyl oxide

A process for production of an alkali metal borohydride. The process comprises three steps. The first step is combining a phenyl ester of a boric acid ester precursor with a compound of formula MAlH(OPh), where x is from zero to three, M is an alkali metal and Ph is phenyl; to produce an alkali metal borohydride and Al(OPh). The second step is separating sodium borohydride from Al(OPh). The third step is heating Al(OPh)to produce diphenyl oxide. 1. A process for production of an alkali metal borohydride; said process comprising steps of: (a) combining a phenyl ester of a boric acid ester precursor with a compound of formula MAlH(OPh) , where x is from zero to three , M is an alkali metal and Ph is phenyl; to produce an alkali metal borohydride and Al(OPh); (b) separating sodium borohydride from Al(OPh); and (c) heating Al(OPh)to produce diphenyl oxide.2. The process of in which M is lithium claim 1 , sodium or potassium.3. The process of in which the phenyl ester of a boric acid ester precursor and the compound of formula MAlH(OPh)are combined in a hydrocarbon solvent.4. The process of in which x is zero.5. The process of in which M is sodium6. The process of in which x is from zero to two.7. The process of in which M is sodium.8. The process of in which the phenyl ester of a boric acid ester precursor and the compound of formula MAlH(OPh)are combined in a hydrocarbon solvent.9. The process of in which x is from one to two. This invention relates generally to a process for production of sodium borohydride and diphenyl oxide.Production of sodium borohydride from the reaction of sodium aluminum hydride with a boric acid ester with conversion of byproduct aluminum alkoxides to aluminum sulfate and recycle of alcohol is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,247,286.The problem addressed by this invention is to find a more efficient and economical process for production of sodium borohydride from sodium aluminum hydride that extracts additional value from the byproducts.The ...

EPOXY RESIN PRODUCTION

A process comprising contacting a polyhydric phenol or a polyaliphatic alcohol with an epihalohydrin in the presence of a catalyst comprising a Schiff base metal complex is disclosed.

Epoxy resin production

A process comprising contacting a polyhydric phenol or a polyaliphatic alcohol with an epihalohydrin in the presence of a catalyst comprising a Schiff base metal complex is disclosed.

MOISTURE RESISTANT PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES WITH IMPROVED ADHESION OF BARRIER FILM

The present invention provides strategies for improving the adhesion between a barrier region, a transparent conductive region, and/or an electrically conductive grid through the use of an adhesion promoting region. The adhesion promoting region is optically transmissive and comprises a metal layer, a metal nitride layer, a metal carbide layer, or a combination thereof and preferably comprises at least one of Cr, Ti, Ta, and Zr or a combination thereof. These strategies are particularly useful in the fabrication of heterojunction photovoltaic devices such as chalcogenide-based solar cells. Adhesion is improved to such a degree that grid materials and dielectric barrier materials can cooperate to provide a hermetic seal over devices to protect against damage induced by environmental conditions, including damage due to water intrusion. The adhesion promoting region also serves as a barrier to the migration of Na, Li, and the lanthanoid series of elements.

SHRINK FILMS, AND METHODS FOR MAKING THEREOF

A shrink film comprising a polyethylene-based film having a top surface, a bottom surface, and comprising one or more layers, wherein at least one layer of the polyethylene-based film comprises a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof, and a coating layer disposed on the top surface of the polyethylene-based film, wherein the coating layer comprises an adhesive and a material that absorbs radiation in the near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral wavelength ranges. 1. A shrink film comprising: [{'sub': 2', '2, 'a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, and'}, 'optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof; and, 'a polyethylene-based film having a top surface, a bottom surface, and comprising one or more layers, wherein at least one layer of the polyethylene-based film comprisesa coating layer disposed on the top surface of the polyethylene-based film, wherein the coating layer comprises an adhesive and a material that absorbs radiation in the near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral wavelength ranges.2. The shrink film of claim 1 , wherein the top surface of the polyethylene-based film is corona-treated.3. The shrink film of claim 1 , wherein the coating layer comprises from 0.01 wt. % to 30 wt. % of the material that absorbs radiation in the near-infrared claim 1 , visible claim 1 , and ultraviolet ...

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDRATION

Provided is a method for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. The dehydration catalyst comprises an oxide of yttrium. 1. A method for preparing a diaryl ether , the method comprising dehydrating an aromatic alcohol compound over a dehydration catalyst , wherein the dehydration catalyst comprises an oxide of yttrium.2. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst further comprises halide ion.3. The method of wherein the halide ion is chloride or fluoride.43. The method of any one of - wherein the dehydration catalyst further comprises a binder.54. The method of any one of - wherein the dehydration catalyst is supported.64. The method of any one of - wherein the dehydration catalyst is unsupported.76. The method of any one of - wherein the dehydration of the alcohol is conducted at a temperature from 250 to 600° C.87. The method of any one of - wherein the alcohol feed is diluted with a diluent.98. The method of any one of - wherein the aromatic alcohol compound is phenol and the diaryl ether produced is diphenyl oxide.10. A method for producing a heat transfer fluid claims 1 , the method comprising:preparing a diaryl ether by contacting an aromatic alcohol compound with a dehydration catalyst, wherein the dehydration catalyst comprises an oxide of yttrium;isolating the diaryl ether from the dehydration catalyst; andmixing the isolated diaryl ether with biphenyl, wherein the mixture forms a eutectic mixture. This application claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 61/577,749, filed Dec. 20, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.This invention relates generally to catalysts and methods for the dehydration of aromatic alcohol compounds to ethers. More particularly, the invention uses a catalyst comprising an oxide of yttrium for the dehydration of aromatic alcohol compounds to diaryl ethers.Diaryl ethers are an important class of ...

ALKOXYLATION PROCESSES AND CATALYSTS THEREFOR

A process of contacting an alkylene oxide with 2-methoxy-1-propanol (PM1) in the presence of an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex catalyst is disclosed. Further, a process involving contacting an alkylene oxide with an alkyl alcohol using an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex as a catalyst is also disclosed. Additionally, novel compositions which can be used as catalysts in processes involving the contacting of an alkyl alcohol with an alkylene oxide are also disclosed.

ALKOXYLATION PROCESSES AND CATALYSTS THEREFOR

A process of contacting an alkylene oxide with 2-methoxy-1-propanol (PM1) in the presence of an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex catalyst is disclosed. Further, a process involving contacting an alkylene oxide with an alkyl alcohol using an oligomeric Schiff base metal complex as a catalyst is also disclosed. Additionally, novel compositions which can be used as catalysts in processes involving the contacting of an alkyl alcohol with an alkylene oxide are also disclosed.

Moisture resistant photovoltaic devices with exposed conductive grid

The present invention provides strategies for improving the adhesion among two or more of transparent conducting oxides, electrically conductive grid materials, and dielectric barrier layers. As a consequence, these strategies are particularly useful in the fabrication of heterojunction photovoltaic devices such as chalcogenide-based solar cells. When the barrier is formed and then the grid is applied to vias in the barrier, the structure has improved moisture barrier resistance as compared to where the barrier is formed over or around the grid. Adhesion is improved to such a degree that grid materials and dielectric barrier materials can cooperate to provide a hermetic seal over devices to protect against damage induced by environmental conditions, including damage due to water intrusion. This allows the collection grids to be at least partially exposed above the dielectric barrier, making it easy to make electronic connection to the devices.

POLYMER COMPOSITIONS, SHRINK FILMS, AND METHODS OF MAKING THEREOF

A polyethylene-based polymer composition suitable for use in a shrink film, the polyethylene-based polymer composition comprising a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, a near-infrared absorbent material, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof. 1. A polyethylene-based polymer composition suitable for use in a shrink film , the polyethylene-based polymer composition comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof;'}a near-infrared absorbent material; andoptionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof.2. The polyethylene-based polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the near-infrared absorbent material is 0.01 wt. % to 30 wt. %.3. The polyethylene-based polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the near-infrared absorbent material absorbs radiation at wavelengths of from 700 nm to 3000 nm.4. The polyethylene-based polymer composition of claim 3 , wherein the near-infrared absorbent material comprises a cyanine-based dye.5. The polyethylene-based polymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the low density polyethylene is from 5 to 100 wt. % and the linear low density polyethylene is from 5 to 100 wt. %.6. A monolayer film or a multilayer film comprising at least one layer that comprises the polyethylene-based polymer composition of .7. A method of making a monolayer or multilayer film claim 1 , the method ...

NONIONIC SURFACTANT COMPOSITIONS

The present invention provides nonionic surfactants, compositions incorporating these surfactants, and related methods of making and using such surfactants and compositions. The nonionic surfactants demonstrate excellent equilibrium and dynamic surface tension properties as well as excellent wetting properties. Further, representative embodiments of the surfactants have shown low foaming characteristics, indicating that the surfactants would be suitable in applications where resistance to foaming is desired. The surfactants can be used singly or in combination with other nonionic and/or ionic surfactants as desired. As an over view, the nonionic surfactants of the present invention have a structure in which the surfactant backbone includes one or more amine moieties. At least one, preferably two or more branched, cyclic, fused cyclic, and/or spyro hydrophobic moieties are pendant from at least one of the amine moieties. Additionally, at least one, preferably two or more hydrophilic moieties, preferably alkylene oxide (i.e., polyether) chains also are pendant from at least one of the amine moieties.

Catalysts and methods for alcohol dehydration

Provided is a process for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a halogenated rare earth element oxide catalyst, providing a reaction vessel having loaded therein a rare earth element oxide; halogenating the rare earth element oxide with a halogen source to form an activated catalyst; and dehydrating an aromatic alcohol compound over the activated catalyst to form the diaryl ether compound, where the halogenating and dehydrating steps occur in the same vessel. The rare earth element oxide is an oxide of a light rare earth element, an oxide of a medium rare earth element, an oxide of a heavy rare earth element, an oxide of yttrium, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

SOLVENT, ADDITIVE AND CO-CATALYST EFFECTS FOR ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION CATALYSIS

The invention is directed to catalyst systems for the oligomerization of ethylene. In some embodiments, the catalyst system includes ethylene, a solvent, and a catalyst activated with an aluminoxane co-catalyst. The system may further include an additive. Various modifications to the different reaction parameters may be made to fine-tune the reaction properties, such as productivity, activity and selectivity for a particular oligomer. For example, the solvent may be modified to include a mixture of at least two solvents. Alternatively, the co-catalyst may be modified by aging or partially fluorinating the co-catalyst. In another alternative, an additive may be included in the reaction system. Each modification to the reaction system effects a different reaction outcome, thereby enabling fine-tuning of the reaction properties by varying the modifications to the reaction system.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING DIARYL OXIDES BY DECARBOXYLATION

Provided is a process for the preparation of diaryl oxide compounds. The process uses a mixed metal oxide catalyst containing oxides of aluminum and magnesium to decarboxylate a diaryl carbonate compound to yield the diaryl oxide compound. 1. A process for preparing a diaryl oxide compound , the process comprising:contacting a diaryl carbonate compound with a mixed metal oxide catalyst under decarboxylation conditions effective to produce the diaryl oxide compound,wherein the mixed metal oxide catalyst contains oxides of aluminum and magnesium and is calcined at a temperature of from 400to 650° C. prior to the contacting step, andwherein the concentration of water is 0.2 weight-percent or less based on the total weight of the reactants, including catalyst and any solvent, in the contacting step.2. The process of wherein the mixed metal oxide catalyst is calcined at a temperature of from 550 to 650° C.3. The process of wherein the mixed metal oxide catalyst is calcined at a temperature of from 550 to 650° C. claim 1 , the elevated temperature for the contacting step is from 350 to 400° C. claim 1 , and wherein the diaryl oxide compound is selectively formed at a concentration of at least 8 weight percent based on the total weight of aryl products generated.4. The process of wherein the diaryl oxide compound is diphenyl carbonate and the diaryl oxide produced is diphenyl oxide.5. The process of wherein the diaryl carbonate compound is present in a solvent.6. A process for producing a heat transfer fluid claim 1 , the process comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(a) preparing a diaryl oxide compound according to the process of by contacting a diaryl carbonate compound with a mixed metal oxide catalyst under decarboxylation conditions effective to produce the diaryl oxide compound, wherein the mixed metal oxide catalyst contains oxides of aluminum and magnesium and is calcined at a temperature of from 400 to 650° C. prior to the contacting step, ...

Catalysts and methods for alcohol dehydration

Provided is a method for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. The dehydration catalyst comprises an oxide of yttrium.

Dispersant suitable for lubricant formulations

A dispersant includes the reaction product of an amine and at least one equivalent of glycidyl ether where the amine is selected from a group consisting of aminoethylpiperazine, bis(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amine, 4,4′-methylenebiscyclohexylamine, m-xylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, and triethylenetetramine and where the glycidyl ether has the structure (A), where R is selected from aromatic carbon chains, non-aromatic carbon chains and polyalkylene glycol groups. The dispersant is useful in a lubricant with a base oil for increasing soot dispersibility of the lubricant.

MATERIAL FOR PACKAGING COMPRISING ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOSITION

Materials are provided that combine certain antimicrobial compositions with substrates to provide materials suitable for the packaging of food products, such as meat products. In one aspect, the present invention provides a material suitable for packaging that comprises (a) a substrate, and (b) an antimicrobial composition comprising: (i) an active antimicrobial agent and (ii) a carrier, wherein the antimicrobial composition has a viscosity of at least 50 centipoise at temperatures between 2° C. and 12° C. 1. A material suitable for food packaging , comprising:(a) a polymeric film; and(b) an antimicrobial composition comprising: (i) an active antimicrobial agent and (ii) a carrier, wherein the antimicrobial composition has a viscosity of at least 50 centipoise at temperatures between 2° C. and 12° C.2. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial composition has a viscosity of up to 200 claim 1 ,000 centipoise at temperatures between 2° C. and 12° C.3. The material of claim 1 , wherein the carrier comprises water and at least one of a cellulose ether polymer claim 1 , gelatin claim 1 , pectin claim 1 , xantham gum claim 1 , guar gum claim 1 , and combinations thereof.4. The material of claim 1 , wherein the carrier comprises water and methylcellulose.5. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises at least one of an amino acid derivative claim 1 , an organic acid claim 1 , a peptide claim 1 , a quaternary ammonium salt claim 1 , an amino acid derivative claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises at least one of cetylpyridinium chloride claim 1 , lauric arginate claim 1 , and dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride.7. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent comprises at least one bacteriophage and at least one other antimicrobial agent.8. The material of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial agent is not a bacteriophage.9. The material of ...

Catalysts and methods for alcohol dehydration

Provided is a process for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. The dehydration catalyst is an oxide of a light rare earth element, wherein the light earth element is lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, or mixtures thereof.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF LIGHTLY-BRANCHED HYDROPHOBES AND THE CORRESPONDING SURFACTANTS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

Processes to prepare lightly branched surfactant products comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. The surfactant products comprise a main carbon chain containing an average of between 0.5 and 2.5 branches, wherein more than 50% of the branches are ethyl branches, wherein the branches are located more than one carbon away from each end of the main carbon chain in more than 20% of surfactant product molecules 1. A process comprising:(1) combining at least one olefin and at least one coordination-insertion catalyst and, optionally, an alpha-olefin,wherein the coordination-insertion catalyst is a metal-ligand complex wherein the metal is selected from zirconium, hafnium and titanium,and has an ethylene/octene reactivity ratio up to 20 at an operating reactor temperature, and a kinetic chain length up to 20 monomer units;under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed,wherein the oligomer product includes a main carbon chain containing an average of between 0.5 and 2.5 branches, wherein more than 50% of the branches are ethyl branches, wherein the branches are located on average more than one carbon away from each end of the main carbon chain in more than 20% of oligomer product molecules, wherein the branches are situated at a second carbon relative to an unsaturated end of the main carbon chain in less than 40% of the oligomer product molecules, and wherein the oligomer product contains greater than 50% vinyl olefin;(2) fractionating the oligomer product to produce a fractionated oligomer product, such that the average carbon number of the fractionated oligomer product is between 8 and 28; and(3) hydroformylating the fractionated oligomer product to produce an aldehyde product or sulfonating the fractionated oligomer product to produce a sulfonated surfactant product.2. A process comprising:(1) combining at least one olefin and at least one ...

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY BASED ON SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE AND A NONIONIC SURFACTANT

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards oil recovery compositions. As an example, an oil recovery composition can include a dimeric non-ionic surfactant and carbon dioxide. 13-. (canceled)5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the dimeric non-ionic surfactant has a concentration from 0.01 weight percent to 1.0 weight percent in the carbon dioxide claim 4 , based upon a total weight of the dimeric non-ionic surfactant and the carbon dioxide.7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the trimeric non-ionic surfactant has a concentration from 0.01 weight percent to 1.0 weight percent in the carbon dioxide claim 6 , based upon a total weight of the dimeric non-ionic surfactant and the carbon dioxide.8. The composition of claim 4 , wherein at least a portion of the carbon dioxide is supercritical carbon dioxide.9. The composition of claim 4 , further including water.10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the carbon dioxide and the dimeric non-ionic surfactant are dispersed in the water to form an emulsion.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the dimeric non-ionic surfactant has a concentration from 0.01 weight percent to 1.0 weight percent in the carbon dioxide claim 11 , based upon a total weight of the dimeric non-ionic surfactant and the carbon dioxide.13. The method of claim 11 , wherein at least a portion of the carbon dioxide is supercritical carbon dioxide.14. The method of claim 11 , including dispersing the carbon dioxide and the dimeric non-ionic surfactant in water to form an emulsion.15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the emulsion is formed in the oil containing reservoir. Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards oil recovery compositions, more specifically, embodiments are directed towards oil recovery compositions including a non-ionic surfactant that is soluble in carbon dioxide.A variety of techniques have been used to enhance the recovery of hydrocarbons from subterranean formations in which the hydrocarbons no ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BRANCHED POLYOLEFINS FOR LUBRICANT APPLICATIONS

Processes to prepare branched polyolefins for lubricant applications comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. Low molecular weight by-products are fractionated out and the oligomer product is converted to a saturated hydrocarbon via hydrogenation. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the co-monomer is selected from the group consisting of propylene claim 1 , 1-butene claim 1 , 1-hexene claim 1 , and 1-octene.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one olefin and at least one coordination-insertion catalyst are combined in a batch or semi-batch reactor.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one olefin and at least one coordination-insertion catalyst are combined in a continuous or semi-continuous reactor system.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the oligomer product comprises a main carbon chain with an average of more than one methine branch carbon per molecule.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the lubricant product is a saturated hydrocarbon.8. A lubricant product prepared by the process of .9. The lubricant product of having a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees Celsius of greater than 4.5 cSt.10. The lubricant product of having a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees Celsius of greater than 1.5 cSt.15. A lubricant product prepared by the process of . This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/840,770, filed Jun. 28, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.The invention relates to processes for the manufacture of a branched polyolefin and corresponding saturated hydrocarbons, and their application as lubricants.BACKGROUNDOne type of commercial lubricant is a polyalphaolefin (PAO) lubricant. PAOs can be prepared via the oligomerization of alpha-olefins (typically 1-decene, sometimes 1-octene and 1-dodecene). Other chemistry that is relevant includes ...

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDRATION

Provided is a process for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. The dehydration catalyst is an oxide of a medium rare earth element, wherein the medium rare earth element is samarium, europium, gadolinium, or mixtures thereof. 1. A method for preparing a diaryl ether , the method comprising dehydrating an aromatic alcohol compound over a dehydration catalyst , wherein the dehydration catalyst is an oxide of samarium , europium , gadoliniium or mixtures thereof.2. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst further comprises a halogen.3. The method of wherein the halogen is chloride or fluoride ion.4. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst further comprises a binder.5. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst is supported.6. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst is unsupported.7. The method of wherein the dehydration of the alcohol is conducted at a temperature from 250 to 600° C.8. The method of wherein the alcohol feed is diluted with a diluent.9. The method of wherein the aromatic alcohol compound is phenol and the diaryl ether produced is diphenyl oxide.10. A method for producing a heat transfer fluid claim 1 , the method comprising:preparing a diaryl ether by contacting an aromatic alcohol compound with a dehydration catalyst, wherein the dehydration catalyst is an oxide of samarium, europium, gadoliniium or mixtures thereof;isolating the diaryl ether from the dehydration catalyst; andmixing the isolated diaryl ether with biphenyl such that the mixture forms a eutectic mixture. This application claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 61/694,833, filed Aug. 30, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.This invention relates generally to catalysts and methods for the dehydration of aromatic alcohol compounds to ethers. More particularly, the invention uses a dehydration catalyst comprising an oxide of a ...

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDRATION

Provided is a process for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. The dehydration catalyst comprises a mixture of two or more of (a) an oxide of a light rare earth element, (b) an oxide of a medium rare earth element, (c) an oxide of a heavy rare earth element, or (d) an oxide of yttrium. 1. A method for preparing a diaryl ether , the method comprising dehydrating an aromatic alcohol compound over a dehydration catalyst , wherein the dehydration catalyst comprises a mixture of two or more of (a) an oxide of lanthanum , cerium , praseodymium , neodymium , or mixtures of two or more thereof , (b) an oxide of samarium , europium , gadolinium , or mixtures thereos , (c) an oxide of of terbium , dysprosium , holmium , erbium , thulium , ytterbium , lutetium , or mixtures thereof , or (d) an oxide of yttrium.2. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst further comprises a halogen.3. The method of wherein the halogen is chloride or fluoride ion.4. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst further comprises a binder.5. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst is supported.6. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst is unsupported.7. The method of wherein the dehydration of the alcohol is conducted at a temperature from 250 to 600° C.8. The method of wherein the alcohol feed is diluted with a diluent.9. The method of wherein the aromatic alcohol compound is phenol and the diaryl ether produced is diphenyl oxide.10. A method for producing a heat transfer fluid claim 1 , the method comprising:preparing a diaryl ether by contacting an aromatic alcohol compound with a dehydration catalyst, wherein the dehydration catalyst comprises a mixture of two or more of (a) an oxide of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, or mixtures of two or more thereof, (b) an oxide of samarium, europium, gadolinium, or mixtures thereo, (c) an oxide of terbium, dysprosium, holmium, ...

AMINE ALKOXYLATE COMPOSITIONS AND THEIR USE AS LUBRICANT ADDITIVES

Provided are compositions and their use as dispersant and/or detergent additives for lubricants. The compositions comprise an amine alkoxylate of the formula I: (I) wherein R-R, R′-R; x, x′, A, A′ and A″ are as defined herein. 3. The composition of wherein R-Rand R-Rare independently hydrogen or linear or branched C-Calkyl.4. The composition of wherein R-Rand R-Rare each hydrogen.7. The composition of wherein R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , R claim 2 , and R are independently CHCH(CH) or CH(CH)CH.8. The composition of wherein the amine alkoxylate has a number average molecular weight ranging from 280 to 10 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.10. A lubricant formulation comprising:a base oil; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a performance additive comprising the composition of .'}11. A method for providing dispersancy claim 1 , detergency claim 1 , or both to a lubricant formulation for use in a fuel burning engine claim 1 , the method comprising: including in the lubricant formulation the composition of . This invention relates generally to alkoxylate compositions and their use as dispersant and/or detergent additives for lubricants in fuel burning engines. More particularly, the invention relates to amine alkoxylate compositions for use in such applications.Modern lubricants find use in a wide variety of applications. Lubricants can have various functions, including controlling friction between surfaces of moving parts, reducing wear of moving parts, reducing corrosion of surfaces of moving parts, particularly metal surfaces, damping mechanical shock in gears, and forming a seal on the walls of engine cylinders. A lubricant composition contains a base oil and typically one or more additives or modifiers that provide additional performance properties to the lubricant composition.Soot or sludge formation is a widely encountered problem with many lubricants, particularly those that are used in fuel burning engines, such as automotive engines, ...

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR ALCOHOL DEHYDRATION

Provided is a process for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. The dehydration catalyst is an oxide of a heavy rare earth element, wherein the heavy rare earth element is terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, or mixtures thereof. 1. A method for preparing a diaryl ether , the method comprising dehydrating an aromatic alcohol compound over a dehydration catalyst , wherein the dehydration catalyst is an oxide of a heavy rare earth element.2. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst further comprises a halogen.3. The method of wherein the halogen is chloride or fluoride ion.4. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst further comprises a binder.5. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst is supported.6. The method of wherein the dehydration catalyst is unsupported.7. The method of wherein the dehydration of the alcohol is conducted at a temperature from 250 to 600° C.8. The method of wherein the alcohol feed is diluted with a diluent.9. The method of wherein the aromatic alcohol compound is phenol and the diaryl ether produced is diphenyl oxide. This application claims priority from provisional application Ser. No. 61/653,494, filed May 31, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.This invention relates generally to catalysts and methods for the dehydration of aromatic alcohol compounds to ethers. More particularly, the invention uses a dehydration catalyst comprising an oxide of a heavy rare earth element for the dehydration of aromatic alcohol compounds to diaryl ethers.Diaryl ethers are an important class of industrial materials. Diphenyl oxide (DPO), for instance, has many uses, most notably as the major component of the eutectic mixture of DPO and biphenyl, which is the standard heat transfer fluid for the concentrating solar power (CSP) industry. With the current boom in CSP has come a tightening of ...

Catalysts and methods for alcohol dehydration

Provided is a process for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a halogenated rare earth element oxide catalyst, providing a reaction vessel having loaded therein a rare earth element oxide; halogenating the rare earth element oxide with a halogen source to form an activated catalyst; and dehydrating an aromatic alcohol compound over the activated catalyst to form the diaryl ether compound, where the halogenating and dehydrating steps occur in the same vessel. The rare earth element oxide is an oxide of a light rare earth element, an oxide of a medium rare earth element, an oxide of a heavy rare earth element, an oxide of yttrium, or a mixture of two or more thereof.

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricant applications

Process for the preparation of lightly-branched hydrophobes and the corresponding surfactants and applications thereof

Processes to prepare lightly branched surfactant products comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. The surfactant products comprise a main carbon chain containing an average of between 0.5 and 2.5 branches, wherein more than 50% of the branches are ethyl branches, wherein the branches are located more than one carbon away from each end of the main carbon chain in more than 20% of surfactant product molecules

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricant applications

Processes to prepare branched polyolefins for lubricant applications comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. Low molecular weight by-products are fractionated out and the oligomer product is converted to a saturated hydrocarbon via hydrogenation.

polymer compositions, shrink films and methods of preparing same

uma composição de polímero à base de polietileno adequada para uso em um filme retrátil, a composição de polímero à base de polietileno compreendendo um polietileno de baixa densidade tendo uma densidade de 0,917 g/cc a 0,935 g/cc e índice de fusão, i2, de 0,1 g/10 min a 5 g/10 min, um polietileno linear de baixa densidade tendo uma densidade de 0,900 g/cc a 0,965 g/cc e índice de fusão, i2, de 0,05 g/10 min a 15 g/10 min, ou combinações dos mesmos, um material absorvente no infravermelho próximo e, opcionalmente, um polietileno de média densidade, um polietileno de alta densidade, ou combinações dos mesmos. a polyethylene-based polymer composition suitable for use in a shrinkable film, the polyethylene-based polymer composition comprising a low density polyethylene having a density of 0.917 g / cc to 0.935 g / cc and melt index, i2, 0.1 g / 10 min to 5 g / 10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of 0.900 g / cc to 0.965 g / cc and melt index, i2, of 0.05 g / 10 min at 15 g / 10 min, or combinations thereof, a near infrared absorbent material and, optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof.

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricating applications

Un procedimiento para preparar un producto lubricante que comprende: (4) combinar al menos una olefina y al menos un catalizador de coordinación-inserción, donde la al menos una olefina es etileno, y donde el al menos un catalizador de coordinación-inserción es un complejo metal-ligando, donde el complejo metal-ligando es un compuesto de fórmula III**Fórmula** donde M es titanio, circonio, o hafnio, estando cada uno independientemente en un estado de oxidación formal de +2, +3, ó +4; n es un número entero de 0 a 3, donde cuando n es 0, X está ausente; cada X es independientemente un ligando monodentado que es neutro, monoaniónico, o dianiónico, o dos X se toman juntos para formar un ligando bidentado que es neutro, monoaniónico, o dianiónico; X y n se seleccionan de modo que el complejo metal-ligando de fórmula (I) es, en conjunto, neutro; cada Z es independientemente O, S, N(C1-C40)hidrocarbilo, o P(C1-C40)hidrocarbilo; L es (C1- C40)hidrocarbileno o (C1-C40)heterohidrocarbileno, donde el (C1-C40)hidrocarbileno tiene una porción que comprende un esqueleto enlazador de 2 átomos de carbono que une los átomos Z en la fórmula (I) y el (C1- C40)heterohidrocarbileno tiene una porción que comprende un esqueleto enlazador de 2 átomos que une los átomos Z en la fórmula (I), donde cada átomo del enlazador de 2 átomos del (C1- C40)heterohidrocarbileno es independientemente un átomo de carbono o un heteroátomo, donde cada heteroátomo es independientemente O, S, S(O), S(O)2, Si(RC)2, Ge(RC)2, P(RP), o N(RN), donde cada RC es independientemente (C1-C18)hidrocarbilo no sustituido o los dos RC se toman juntos para formar un (C2- C19)alquileno, cada RP es (C1-C18)hidrocarbilo no sustituido; y cada RN es (C1-C18)hidrocarbilo no sustituido, un átomo de hidrógeno o ausente; R1a, R2a, R1b, y R2b es independientemente un hidrógeno, (C1- C40)hidrocarbilo, (C1-C40)heterohidrocarbilo, N(RN)2, NO2, ORC, SRC, Si(RC)3, Ge(RC)3, CN, CF3, F3CO, átomo de halógeno; y cada uno de los otros de R1a, ...

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricant applications

Processes to prepare branched polyolefins for lubricant applications comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. Low molecular weight by-products are fractionated out and the oligomer product is converted to a saturated hydrocarbon via hydrogenation.

Polymer compositions, shrink films, and methods of making thereof

shrink film with an absorbent nir coating, and methods for making the same

uma película retrátil que compreende uma película com base em polietileno tendo uma superfície de topo, uma superfície de fundo e compreendendo uma ou mais camadas, em que pelo menos uma camada da película à base de polietileno compreende um polietileno de baixa densidade com uma densidade de 0,917 g/cc a 0,935 g/cc e índice de fusão, i2, de 0,1 g/10 min a 5 g/10 min, um polietileno linear de baixa densidade com uma densidade de 0,900 g/cc a 0,965 g/cc e índice de fusão, i2, de 0,05 g/10 min a 15 g/10 min, ou de combinações dos mesmos, e opcionalmente, um polietileno de densidade média, um polietileno de alta densidade, ou combinações dos mesmos, e uma camada de revestimento disposta na superfície de topo da película à base de polietileno, em que a camada de revestimento compreende um adesivo e um material absorvente de infravermelho próximo. a shrink film comprising a polyethylene based film having a top surface, a bottom surface and comprising one or more layers, wherein at least one layer of the polyethylene based film comprises a low density polyethylene having a density of 0.917 g / cc at 0.935 g / cc and melt index, i2, from 0.1 g / 10 min to 5 g / 10 min, a low density linear polyethylene with a density of 0.900 g / cc at 0.965 g / cc and melt index, i 2, from 0.05 g / 10 min to 15 g / 10 min, or combinations thereof, and optionally a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof, and a coating layer arranged on the top surface of the polyethylene-based film, wherein the coating layer comprises an adhesive and a near infrared absorbent material.

Solvent, additive and co-catalyst effects for ethylene oligomerization catalysis

The invention is directed to catalyst systems for the oligomerization of ethylene. In some embodiments, the catalyst system includes ethylene, a solvent, and a catalyst activated with an aluminoxane co-catalyst. The system may further include an additive. Various modifications to the different reaction parameters may be made to fine-tune the reaction properties, such as productivity, activity and selectivity for a particular oligomer. For example, the solvent may be modified to include a mixture of at least two solvents. Alternatively, the co-catalyst may be modified by aging or partially fluorinating the co-catalyst. In another alternative, an additive may be included in the reaction system. Each modification to the reaction system effects a different reaction outcome, thereby enabling fine-tuning of the reaction properties by varying the modifications to the reaction system.

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricant applications

Processes to prepare branched polyolefins for lubricant applications comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. Low molecular weight by-products are fractionated out and the oligomer product is converted to a saturated hydrocarbon via hydrogenation.

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricant applications

Polymer compositions, shrink films, and methods of making thereof

A polyethylene-based polymer composition suitable for use in a shrink film, the polyethylene-based polymer composition comprising a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I 2 , of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I 2 , of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, a material that absorbs radiation in the near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral wavelength ranges, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof.

Method and composition for enhanced oil recovery based on supercritical carbon dioxide and a nonionic surfactant

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards oil recovery compositions. As an example, an oil recovery composition can include a dimeric non- ionic surfactant and carbon dioxide.

Catalysts and methods for alcohol dehydration

Provided is a process for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. The dehydration catalyst comprises a mixture of two or more of (a) an oxide of a light rare earth element, (b) an oxide of a medium rare earth element, (c) an oxide of a heavy rare earth element, or (d) an oxide of yttrium.

Method and composition for enhanced oil recovery based on supercritical carbon dioxide and a nonionic surfactant

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards oil recovery compositions. As an example, an oil recovery composition can include a dimeric non- ionic surfactant and carbon dioxide.

Shrink films comprising a nir absorbent coating, and methods of making thereof

A shrink film comprising a polyethylene-based film having a top surface, a bottom surface, and comprising one or more layers, wherein at least one layer of the polyethylene-based film comprises a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof, and a coating layer disposed on the top surface of the polyethylene-based film, wherein the coating layer comprises an adhesive and a near-infrared absorbent material.

oil recovery composition and method for recovering oil

resumo “composição para recuperação de óleo e método para recuperar óleo” concretizações da presente divulgação estão direcionadas a composições para a recuperação de óleo. como exemplo, uma composição para recuperação de óleo poderá incluir um tensoativo não iônico dimérico e dióxido de carbono. 1/1 abstract "composition for recovering oil and method for recovering oil" Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to compositions for recovering oil. as an example, an oil recovery composition may include a dimeric nonionic surfactant and carbon dioxide. 1/1

Material for packaging comprising antimicrobial composition

Materials are provided that combine certain antimicrobial compositions with substrates to provide materials suitable for the packaging of food products, such as meat products. In one aspect, the present invention provides a material suitable for packaging that comprises (a) a substrate, and (b) an antimicrobial composition comprising: (i) an active antimicrobial agent and (ii) a carrier, wherein the antimicrobial composition has a viscosity of at least 50 centipoise at temperatures between 2° C and 12° C.

Retractable films comprising an NIR absorber coating, and methods of preparing them

Una película retráctil que comprende: una película basada en polietileno que tiene una superficie superior, una superficie inferior, y que comprende una o más capas, donde al menos una capa de la película basada en polietileno comprende: un polietileno de baja densidad que tiene una densidad de 0,917 g/cm3 a 0,935 g/cm3, medida según la norma ASTM D792, Método B, e índice de fluidez, I2, de 0,1 g/10 min a 5 g/10 min, medido según la norma ASTM D1238 a 190°C, 2,16 kg, un polietileno de baja densidad lineal que tiene una densidad de 0,900 g/cm3 a 0,965 g/cm3, medida según la norma ASTM D792, Método B, e índice de fluidez, I2, de 0,05 g/10 min a 15 g/10 min, medido según la norma ASTM D1238 a 190°C, 2,16 kg, o combinaciones de los mismos, y opcionalmente, un polietileno de media densidad, un polietileno de alta densidad, o combinaciones de los mismos; y una capa de revestimiento dispuesta sobre la superficie superior de la película basada en polietileno, donde la capa de revestimiento comprende un adhesivo y un material absorbedor de infrarrojo cercano, donde el material absorbedor de infrarrojo cercano comprende un colorante de cianina, donde el colorante de cianina tiene la siguiente fórmula: A shrink film comprising: a polyethylene based film having an upper surface, a lower surface, and comprising one or more layers, where at least one layer of the polyethylene based film comprises: a low density polyethylene having a density of 0.917 g / cm3 to 0.935 g / cm3, measured according to ASTM D792, Method B, and flow rate, I2, from 0.1 g / 10 min to 5 g / 10 min, measured according to ASTM D1238 at 190 ° C, 2.16 kg, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of 0.900 g / cm3 to 0.965 g / cm3, measured according to ASTM D792, Method B, and flow index, I2, of 0 , 05 g / 10 min at 15 g / 10 min, measured according to ASTM D1238 at 190 ° C, 2.16 kg, or combinations thereof, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations ...

Material for packaging comprising antimicrobial composition

Materials are provided that combine certain antimicrobial compositions with substrates to provide materials suitable for the packaging of food products, such as meat products. In one aspect, the present invention provides a material suitable for packaging that comprises (a) a substrate, and (b) an antimicrobial composition comprising: (i) an active antimicrobial agent and (ii) a carrier, wherein the antimicrobial composition is a hydrogel.

Shrink films, and methods for making thereof

A shrink film comprising a polyethylene-based film having a top surface, a bottom surface, and comprising one or more layers, wherein at least one layer of the polyethylene-based film comprises a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof, and a coating layer disposed on the top surface of the polyethylene-based film, wherein the coating layer comprises an adhesive and a material that absorbs radiation in the near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet spectral wavelength ranges.

Material for packaging comprising antimicrobial composition.

Se proporcionan materiales que combinan ciertas composiciones antimicrobianas con sustratos para proporcionar materiales adecuados para el envasado de productos alimenticios, tales como productos de carne. En un aspecto, la presente invención proporciona un material adecuado para envasado que comprende (a) un sustrato, y (b) una composición antimicrobiana que comprende: (i) un agente antimicrobiano activo y (ii) un portador, en donde la composición antimicrobiana tiene una viscosidad de al menos 50 centipoises a temperaturas entre 2°C y 12°C.

Polymer compositions, shrink films, and methods of making thereof

A polyethylene -based polymer composition suitable for use in a shrink film, the polyethylene-based polymer composition comprising a low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.917 g/cc to 0.935 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.1 g/10 min to 5 g/10 min, a linear low density polyethylene having a density of from 0.900 g/cc to 0.965 g/cc and melt index, I2, of from 0.05 g/10 min to 15 g/10 min, or combinations thereof, a near-infrared absorbent material, and optionally, a medium density polyethylene, a high density polyethylene, or combinations thereof.

Moisture resistant photovoltaic devices with exposed conductive grid

Moisture resistant photovoltaic devices with exposed conductive grid

The present invention provides strategies for improving the adhesion among two or more of transparent conducting oxides, electrically conductive grid materials, and dielectric barrier layers. As a consequence, these strategies are particularly useful in the fabrication of heterojunction photovoltaic devices such as chalcogenide-based solar cells. When the barrier is formed and then the grid is applied to vias in the barrier, the structure has improved moisture barrier resistance as compared to where the barrier is formed over or around the grid. Adhesion is improved to such a degree that grid materials and dielectric barrier materials can cooperate to provide a hermetic seal over devices to protect against damage induced by environmental conditions, including damage due to water intrusion. This allows the collection grids to be at least partially exposed above the dielectric barrier, making it easy to make electronic connection to the devices.

Dispositivos fotovoltaicos resistentes a humedad con rejilla conductora.

La presente invención proporciona estrategias para mejorar la adhesión entre dos o más óxidos conductores transparentes, materiales de rejilla conductora eléctrica y capas de barrera dieléctricas. Como consecuencia, estas estrategias son particularmente útiles en la fabricación de dispositivos fotovoltáicos de heterounión tales como celdas solares con base en calcógeno. Cuando la barrera es formada y después la rejilla se aplica a las vías en la barrera, la estructura mejora la resistencia de la barrera de humedad en comparación con el lugar donde se forma la barrera encima o alrededor de la rejilla. La adhesión se mejora a un tal grado que los materiales de la rejilla y los materiales de barrera dieléctrica pueden cooperar para proporcionar un sello hermético en los dispositivos para proteger en contra del daño inducido por condiciones ambientales, incluyendo daño debido a la intrusión del agua. Esto permite que las rejillas de colección sean al menos parcialmente expuestas en la barrera dieléctrica haciendo fácil una conexión eléctrica a los dispositivos.

Moisture resistant photovoltaic devices with exposed conductive grid

The present invention provides strategies for improving the adhesion among two or more of transparent conducting oxides, electrically conductive grid materials, and dielectric barrier layers. As a consequence, these strategies are particularly useful in the fabrication of heterojunction photovoltaic devices such as chalcogenide-based solar cells. When the barrier is formed and then the grid is applied to vias in the barrier, the structure has improved moisture barrier resistance as compared to where the barrier is formed over or around the grid. Adhesion is improved to such a degree that grid materials and dielectric barrier materials can cooperate to provide a hermetic seal over devices to protect against damage induced by environmental conditions, including damage due to water intrusion. This allows the collection grids to be at least partially exposed above the dielectric barrier, making it easy to make electronic connection to the devices.

Methods for alcohol dehydration

Provided is a method for preparing a diaryl ether compound through the dehydration of an aromatic alcohol compound in the presence of a dehydration catalyst. The dehydration catalyst comprises an oxide of yttrium.