Optical film and OLED display having the same

An optical film, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, and a method of fabricating an OLED display are provided. An optical film includes: a polarizer; and a protective film on at least one surface of the polarizer, and an in-plane retardation of the protective film is from 0 nm to 300 nm, and a reflectance of the optical film is from 0 to 5%.

Polarizer protection film, polarizing plate including same, and liquid crystal display device including polarizing plate

Provided are a polarizer protection film, a polarizing plate comprising the same, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the polarizing plate. The polarizer protection film has: a moisture permeability ranging from approximately 0 g/m2/24 hr to approximately 100 g/m2/24 hr; a value for a MD-direction shrinkage rate/a TD-direction shrinkage rate, ranging from 0.8 to 1.3; an in-plane phase difference (Re) ranging from approximately 0 nm to approximately 350 nm; a thickness-direction phase difference (Rth) ranging from approximately 2500 nm to approximately 8000 nm; and a thickness of approximately 10 μm to approximately 60 μm.

Display device including thin encapsulation layer containing silicon oxynitride layer

A display device includes a light emitting structure disposed on a substrate, and a thin film encapsulation layer disposed on the light emitting structure and including an inorganic layer containing silicon oxynitride and an organic layer. A portion of the inorganic layer has a stress intensity factor of about 1.6 MPa or more.

Optical film, method for manufacturing same, and liquid crystal display including same

Disclosed are an optical film, a method for preparing the same, and a liquid crystal display including the same. The optical film is a single film of a non-liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin, and includes: first and second surface part placed on both surfaces of the film in a thickness direction; and an inner part of the film placed between the first and second surface part, wherein the first and second surface part are not aligned with a tilt in the thickness direction, and the inner part of the film is aligned with a tilt in the thickness direction.

Optical film, liquid crystal display device comprising same, and method for manufacturing protective film used therefor

An optical film, a liquid crystal display including the same, and a method for manufacturing a protective film used therefor are provided. An optical film includes a polarizer and a protective film laminated or stacked on at least one surface of the polarizer, and a thickness-direction retardation (Re) of the protective film is in the range of 0 nm to 200 nm, and an out-of-plane retardation (Rth) of the protective film is in the range of 300 nm to 1,200 nm.

Display device

A display device includes: a first substrate including a first area, a second area surrounding the first area, and a third area surrounding the second area; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a sealing member between the first substrate and the second substrate at the third area; a color filter layer under the second substrate; a low refractive index layer under the color filter layer, overlapping with the first area, and spaced from the sealing member; a protective layer covering the low refractive index layer, surrounding a side surface of the low refractive index layer, and including an inorganic material; and a color conversion layer under the protective layer, overlapping with the first area, and including a plurality of color conversion parts spaced from each other.

DISPLAY APPARATUS

A display apparatus includes first to third light-emitting elements disposed on a substrate, a first-color light output layer, a second-color quantum dot layer, and a third-color quantum dot layer, which are disposed on the first to third light-emitting elements, respectively, a first capping layer disposed on the first-color light output layer, the second-color quantum dot layer, and the third-color quantum dot layer to correspond to the first to third light-emitting elements, a low-refractive-index layer disposed on the first capping layer, a first barrier layer between the first capping layer and the low-refractive-index layer, a first-color color filter layer disposed on the low-refractive-index layer to correspond to the first light-emitting element, a second-color color filter layer disposed on the low-refractive-index layer to correspond to the second light-emitting element, and a third-color color filter layer disposed on the low-refractive-index layer to correspond to the third ...

OPTICAL FILM, LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE COMPRISING SAME, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PROTECTIVE FILM USED THEREFOR

An optical film, a liquid crystal display including the same, and a method for manufacturing a protective film used therefor are provided. An optical film includes a polarizer and a protective film laminated or stacked on at least one surface of the polarizer, and a thickness-direction retardation (Re) of the protective film is in the range of 0 nm to 200 nm, and an out-of-plane retardation (Rth) of the protective film is in the range of 300 nm to 1,200 nm. 1. An optical film comprising:a polarizer; anda protective film on at least one surface of the polarizer,wherein the protective film has an in-plane retardation (Re) of 0 nm to 200 nm and an out-of-plane retardation (Rth) of 300 nm to 1,200 nm.2. The optical film according to claim 1 , wherein the protective film has a thickness of 1 μm to 55 μm.3. The optical film according to claim 1 , wherein the protective film comprises a polyester material.4. The optical film according to claim 3 , wherein the protective film comprises polyethylene terephthalate claim 3 , polyethylene naphthalate claim 3 , or a copolymer comprising polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate.5. The optical film according to claim 4 , wherein the protective film has a triple co-extrusion structure comprising polyethylene terephthalate claim 4 , polyethylene naphthalate claim 4 , or a copolymer comprising polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate.6. The optical film according to claim 1 , further comprising:a retardation compensation film on an opposite surface of the polarizer with respect to the at least one surface of the polarizer, on which the protective film is located.7. A liquid crystal display comprising:a liquid crystal cell;a backlight unit;a lower polarizing plate between the liquid crystal cell and the backlight unit; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'an upper polarizing plate on a visible side of the liquid crystal cell, the upper polarizing plate comprising the optical film ...

Polarizing plate for organic light-emitting display and display device including the same

A polarizing plate for use with an organic light emitting display includes an adhesive layer, a retardation film, a polarizer, and a protective film sequentially stacked in this order, the polarizing plate further including a positive C plate.

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SHARING APPLICATION WITH A PORTABLE TERMINAL

A method for sharing an application between a first portable terminal and a second portable terminal includes the first portable terminal collecting application information if an application sharing event occurs, generating a marker including the application information, and displaying the marker; and the second portable terminal capturing an image of the marker including application information, recognizing the marker, extracting the application information from the marker, and installing an application corresponding to the application information from the marker. The first portable terminal includes a marker generating unit to generate the marker including the application information, and a display unit to display the marker. The second portable terminal includes a camera unit to capture an image of the marker, a marker recognizing unit to recognize the marker, a marker analyzing unit to extract the application information from the marker, and an application installing unit to install the application. 1. A portable terminal to share an application , comprising:a marker generating unit to collect application information and to generate a marker comprising the application information;a display unit to display the marker; andan application sharing unit to control the marker generated by the marker generating unit to be displayed on the display unit if an application sharing event occurs.2. The portable terminal of claim 1 , wherein the application information comprises at least one of a name of the application claim 1 , identity information of the application claim 1 , installation information of the application comprising uniform resource locator (URL) information claim 1 , allowable age information of the application claim 1 , installable equipment information of the application claim 1 , communication connection information of the application claim 1 , and contextual information of the application.3. The portable terminal of claim 2 , wherein the contextual ...

Phase-change memory device

A phase-change memory device and its firing method are provided. The firing method of the phase-change memory device includes applying a writing current to phase-change memory cells, identifying a state of the phase-change memory cells after applying the writing current, and applying a firing current, in which an additional current is added to the writing current, to the phase-change memory cells in accordance with the state.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CORRECTING ERRORS IN STEREO IMAGES

An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for correcting errors in stereo images. The apparatus for correcting errors in stereo images according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a space histogram generation unit generating space histogram information using the depth map information on the input image data; a peak frequency generation unit generating a peak frequency using the 2D image data of the input image data; an object analysis unit determining the error in each frame of the input image data on the basis of the space histogram and peak frequency; a depth map error correction unit correcting the depth map information to reduce the error; and a rendering processing unit generating left and right eye images, which are stereo images, by using the corrected depth map information. 1. An apparatus for correcting errors in three-dimensional (3D) images , the apparatus comprising:a spatial histogram generation unit which generates spatial histogram information using depth map information on input image data;a peak frequency generation unit which generates a peak frequency using two-dimensional (2D) image data of the input image data;an object analysis unit which detects an error in each frame of the input image data based on the spatial histogram and the peak frequency;a depth map error correction unit which, if it is determined that there is an error in the frame, corrects the depth map information such that the error is corrected; anda rendering processing unit which produces a left-eye image and a right-eye image to form a 3D image using the corrected depth map information.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spatial histogram generation unit generates the spatial histogram information by histogramming the depth map information on the horizontal (X) axis and the vertical (Y) axis for each of objects claim 1 , classified according to the depth map information claim 1 , in each frame of the input image data.3. The ...

ZOOM LENS AND PHOTOGRAPHING DEVICE HAVING THE SAME

A zoom lens and a photographing device including the zoom lens, the zoom lens including a first lens group having a negative refractive power, a second lens group having a positive refractive power, and a third lens group having a positive refractive power, which are sequentially arranged in the direction from an object side to an image side. During zooming from a wide angle position to a telephoto position, an interval between the first lens group and the second lens group decreases, and an interval between the second lens group and the third lens group increases. The first lens group comprises a first lens, a second lens being a negative lens formed of plastic, and a third lens being a positive lens formed of plastic. Therefore, the zoom lens is compact and low-priced and has a high magnification. 2. The zoom lens of claim 1 , wherein the zoom lens satisfies the following expression:{'br': None, 'i': Ra+Rb', 'Ra−Rb, '1.0<()/()<19.3'}where Ra denotes the radius of curvature of the surface of the second lens of the first lens group that faces the object side, and Rb denotes the radius of curvature of the surface of the second lens of the first lens group that faces the image side.3. The zoom lens of claim 1 , wherein the zoom lens satisfies the following expression:{'br': None, 'i': ≦|f', 'fw≦, '21|/3'}{'b': '1', 'where f denotes the focal length of the first lens group, and fw denotes the focal length of the zoom lens at the wide angle position.'}4. The zoom lens of claim 1 , wherein the zoom lens satisfies the following expression:{'br': None, 'i': '≦Nf/Pf≦−', '−31'}where Nf denotes the focal length of the second lens of the first lens group, and Pf denotes the focal length of the third lens of the first lens group.5. The zoom lens of claim 1 , wherein the zoom lens satisfies the following expression:{'br': None, 'i': "'Nvd/Pvd≦", '3060'}where Nvd denotes the Abbe's number of the second lens of the first lens group, and Pvd denotes the Abbe's number of the third ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONVERTING THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE USING DEPTH MAP INFORMATION

One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method and a apparatus for converting a three-dimensional image using depth map information. The apparatus comprise a depth map estimation unit which estimates the depth map information for each pixel present in each frame of input image data, a depth map application unit which moves each pixel by the depth map information in the X-axis direction, a 3D image interpolation unit which, when a blank pixel occurs in the frame due to the movement, forms an interpolated pixel in the blank pixel by applying a weight to adjacent pixels of the blank pixel, and a 3D image rendering processing unit which renders a left-eye image and a right-eye image to which the interpolated pixel is applied. 1. An apparatus for converting three-dimensional (3D) images using depth map information , the apparatus comprising:a depth map estimation unit which estimates the depth map information for each pixel present in each frame of input image data;a depth map application unit which moves each pixel by the depth map information in the X-axis direction;a 3D image interpolation unit which, when a blank pixel occurs in the frame due to the movement, forms an interpolated pixel in the blank pixel by applying a weight to adjacent pixels of the blank pixel; anda 3D image rendering processing unit which renders a left-eye image and a right-eye image to which the interpolated pixel is applied.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein when there is one blank pixel claim 1 , the 3D image interpolation unit applies the weight such that the blank pixel has an average value of the adjacent pixels.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the 3D image interpolation unit forms the interpolated pixel with a value obtained by multiplying the same constant to a left adjacent pixel and a right adjacent pixel corresponding to the adjacent pixels of the blank pixel and then adding the left adjacent pixel and the right adjacent pixel to which the same constant is ...

Method of Preparing High Crystalline Nanoporous Titanium Dioxide at Room Temperature

Disclosed is a method of preparing high crystalline nanoporous titanium dioxide, in which the high crystalline nanoporous titanium dioxide, which is harmless to the human body and self-purified through the decomposition of organic matters, is prepared in mass production at the room temperature through a simply synthesis method. The method includes the steps of (a) mixing a titanium precursor and a surfactant in a solvent and performing a sol-gel reaction at a room temperature; (b) maturing a reactant obtained through the sol-gel reaction at the room temperature; (c) filtering the matured reactant and washing the matured reactant; and (d) drying the washed reactant to obtain titanium dioxide having nanopores. 1. A method of preparing high crystalline nanoporous titanium dioxide , the method comprising:(a) mixing a titanium precursor and a surfactant in a solvent and performing a sol-gel reaction at a room temperature;(b) maturing a reactant obtained through the sol-gel reaction at the room temperature;(c) filtering the matured reactant and washing the matured reactant; and(d) drying the washed reactant to obtain titanium dioxide having nanopores.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in step (a) claim 1 , a molar ratio of the titanium precursor and the surfactant is 3:0.05 to 3:1.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in step (a) claim 1 , a molarity of the surfactant is in a range of 0.05M to 2M.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in step (a) claim 1 , the titanium precursor includes titanium n-butoxide or titanium isopropoxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in step (a) claim 1 , the surfactant is a cation surfactant including cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide satisfying following chemical formula 1 or cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride satisfying following chemical formula 2.{'br': None, 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3, 'sup': +', '−, 'CH(CH)nN(CH)Br\u2003\u2003Chemical formula 1'}{'br': None, 'sub': 3', '2', '3', '3, 'sup': +', '−, 'CH(CH)nN ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MANAGING READING USING A TERMINAL

A method of managing reading and an apparatus efficiently manage stored electronic books. The method of managing reading in a terminal includes: setting a reading period with respect to an electronic book and a reading amount by dates of the reading period; monitoring an achievement rate of the reading amount while executing reading with respect to the electronic book; and displaying reading schedule information including the reading period and the achievement rate. 1. A method of managing reading using a terminal , the method comprising:setting a reading period with respect to an electronic book and a reading amount by dates of the reading period;monitoring an achievement rate of the reading amount while reading is performed with respect to the electronic book; anddisplaying reading schedule information including the reading period and the achievement rate.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein monitoring an achievement rate of the reading amount comprises:determining whether a currently displayed page of the electronic book satisfies a preset reading recognition condition; andsetting the currently displayed page to be a read page when the currently displayed page satisfies the preset reading recognition condition.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining whether the currently displayed page satisfies the preset reading recognition condition comprises determining whether at least one page skip of a respective page of the electronic book satisfies the reading recognition condition when the at least one page skip is executed.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein setting the currently displayed page comprises setting the currently displayed page as the read page when the at least one page skip is a plurality of page skips of a plurality of pages.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reading recognition condition comprises at least one of a presence of at least one page skip claim 2 , whether separate information is input in the currently displayed page claim 2 , and ...

Nanoporous photocatalyst having high specific surface area and high crystallinity and method for preparing the same

Disclosed is a nanoporous photocatalyst having a high specific surface area and high crystallinity and a method for preparing the same, capable of preparing nanoporous photocatalysts, which satisfy both of the high specific surface area of 350 m 2 /g to 650 m 2 /g and high crystallinity through a simple synthetic scheme, in mass production at a low price. The nanoporous catalyst having a high specific area and high crystallinity includes a plurality of nanopores having an average diameter of about 1 nm to about 3 nm. A micro-framework of the nanoporous photocatalyst has a single crystalline phase of anatase or a bicrystalline phase of anatase and brookite, and a specific surface area of the nanoporous photocatalyst is in a range of about 350 m 2 /g to 650 m 2 /g.

POLARIZING PLATE FOR ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DISPLAY AND DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

A polarizing plate for use with an organic light emitting display includes an adhesive layer, a retardation film, a polarizer, and a protective film sequentially stacked in this order, the polarizing plate further including a positive C plate. 1. A polarizing plate for an organic light-emitting display , the polarizing plate comprising:an adhesive layer, a retardation film, a polarizer, and a protective film sequentially stacked in this order; anda positive C plate.2. The polarizing plate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the positive C plate is interposed between the polarizer and the retardation film.3. The polarizing plate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the positive C plate is interposed between the retardation film and the adhesive layer.4. The polarizing plate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the positive C plate has an in-thickness retardation (Rth) of about −130 nm to about −50 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm claim 1 , Rth being calculated according to Equation 1:{'br': None, 'i': Rth', 'nx+ny', '−nz', 'd,, '=(()/2)×\u2003\u2003[Equation 1]'}where nx, ny, and nz are indexes of refraction in x-, y- and z-axis directions of the positive C plate, respectively, and d is a thickness of the positive C plate.5. The polarizing plate according as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the positive C plate has an in-plane retardation (Re) of about 0 nm to about 5 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm claim 1 , Re being calculated according to Equation 2:{'br': None, 'i': Re', 'nx−ny', 'd,, '=()×\u2003\u2003[Equation 2]'}where nx, and ny are indexes of refraction in x- and y-axis directions of the positive C plate, respectively, and d is a thickness of the positive C plate.6. The polarizing plate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the positive C plate has a thickness of about 0.5 μm to about 20 μm.7. The polarizing plate as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the retardation film has an in-thickness retardation (Rth) of about 50 nm to about 150 nm at a wavelength of 550 nm.8. The polarizing plate as ...

LATENCY CONTROL CIRCUIT AND SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICE COMPRISING SAME

A latency control circuit is configured to delay a read information signal in response to a CAS latency signal and an internal clock signal to generate a delayed read information signal, and is further configured to generate a latency control signal based on the delayed read information signal in response to a plurality of sampling control signals and a plurality of transfer control signals. 1. A latency control circuit , comprising:a sampling clock signal generating circuit configured to generate a plurality of sampling clock signals having different phases from each other based on an internal clock signal;a multiplexer configured to multiplex the sampling clock signals in response to a column address strobe (CAS) latency signal to generate a plurality of sampling control signals;a transfer control signal generating circuit configured to generate a plurality of transfer control signals having different phases from each other based on an output clock signal; anda latency control signal generating circuit configured to delay a read information signal in response to the CAS latency signal and the internal clock signal to generate a delayed read information signal, and further configured to generate a latency control signal based on the delayed read information signal in response to the sampling control signals and the transfer control signals.2. The latency control circuit of claim 1 , wherein the sampling clock signals are configured to have a phase difference of an integer multiple of a clock cycle of the internal clock signal.3. The latency control circuit of claim 2 , wherein the sampling clock signal generating circuit comprises:a shift register synchronized with the internal clock signal and configured to generate the sampling clock signals that are sequentially enabled with a delay time of the clock cycle.4. The latency control circuit of claim 1 , wherein the latency control signal generating circuit comprises:a delay circuit configured to delay the read ...

SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY DEVICE AND ACCESS METHOD THEREOF

Example embodiments provide a semiconductor memory device that may include: a cell array arranged in pluralities of rows and columns; and a sense amplifier conducting writing and reading operations to the cell array in response to writing and reading commands in correspondence with an access time, which may be variable in period. The sense amplifier adjusts pulse widths of write-in and read-out data in accordance with a period of the access time. 1. (canceled)2. A method of accessing memory banks in a cell array , the cell array including a plurality of bank groups , wherein each bank group includes at least two banks , the method comprising:receiving a first command to access a first bank of a first bank group;receiving a second command to access a first bank of a second bank group; andreceiving a third command to access a second bank of the first bank group,wherein the third command is received after a first delay time from the received first command,the second command is received after a second delay time from the received first command, andwherein the first and second delay times are different.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first delay time is programmed by a mode register setting.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first delay time is a first command delay for accesses within a same bank group claim 2 , and the second delay time is a second command delay for accesses within different bank groups.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first delay time is greater than the second delay time.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein each of the first claim 2 , second and third commands is a write command or a read command.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first claim 2 , second or third command includes a column address strobe signal. This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/360,093 filed on Jan. 27, 2012, which is a Continuation of U.S. Pat. No. 8,125,847, issued on Feb. 28, 2012, which claims priority to Korean Patent ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MANAGING WEIGHT

The present disclosure provides Diels-Alder adducts of chalcone and prenylphenyl moieties capable of modulating the activity of cannabinoid receptors, and to oligomers of flavan-3-ol capable of modulating fat absorption and storage. Such Diels-Alder adducts of chalcone and prenylphenyl moieties or oligomers of flavan-3-ol can optionally be used in combination with other weight management agents, such as anorectic agents, a lipase inhibitors, other cannabinoid receptor modulators, psychotropic agents, insulin sensitizers, stimulants, or satiety agents, as well as to methods of use thereof such as treating or preventing weight gain or obesity, promoting weight loss, appetite suppression, modifying satiety, or the like. 1MorusMagnoliaYerba mate. A composition , comprising a mixture of a extract enriched for one or more Diels-Alder adducts of a chalcone and a prenylphenyl moiety , a extract , and a extract.2MorusMorus albaMagnoliaMagnoliaYerba mateIlex paraguayensis.. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract is from claim 1 , the extract is from officinalis claim 1 , and the extract is from4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least two of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rare hydroxyl.5Morus. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract is enriched for Albanin G claim 1 , Kuwanon G claim 1 , Morusin claim 1 , or any combination thereof.6Magnolia. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract is enriched for magnolol claim 1 , honokiol claim 1 , or both.7Yerba mate. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract is enriched for caffeine claim 1 , dicaffeoylquinic acid claim 1 , or both.8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a ...

PEPTIDE APTAMERS AGAINST TENASCIN C

The present invention relates to an anti-tenascin C peptide aptamer having a specific amino acid sequence and a diagnosis kit comprising it. The anti-tenascin C peptide aptamer of the instant invention shows a predominant clearance rate due to its small molecular weight as well as specific binding affinity to tenascin C, having excellent advantages in in vivo or ex vivo tumor imaging. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for detecting the level of tenascin C comprising:(a) providing a biological sample derived from a subject;(b) contacting an anti-tenascin C peptide aptamer to the biological sample, wherein the peptide aptamer comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2; and(c) analyzing the level of a complex of the tenascin C and the peptide aptamer in the biological sample.20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the peptide aptamer further comprises Gly residue(s) in its N-terminal.21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the peptide aptamer further comprises 2-4 Gly residues.22. A method for diagnosing a tumor claim 20 , comprising:(a) providing a biological sample derived from a subject ;(b) contacting an anti-tenascin C peptide aptamer to the biological sample, wherein the peptide aptamer comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2; and(c) analyzing the level of a complex of the tenascin C and the peptide aptamer in the biological sample, wherein an increased level of the complex of the tenascin C and the peptide aptamer compared to a control sample from a normal subject indicates that the subject has the tumor.23. The method according to claim 22 , wherein the tumor is stomach cancer claim 22 , lung cancer claim 22 , breast cancer claim 22 , ovarian cancer claim 22 , liver cancer claim 22 , bronchogenic cancer claim 22 , nasopharyngeal cancer claim 22 , laryngeal cancer claim 22 , pancreatic cancer claim 22 , bladder cancer claim 22 , colon cancer claim 22 , uterine cervical cancer claim 22 , brain cancer claim 22 , prostaic cancer claim 22 , ...

REFERENCE VOLTAGE GENERATION CIRCUIT OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE

A reference voltage generation circuit includes: a reference voltage generation unit configured to generate a plurality of reference voltages having mutually different temperature characteristics, a switching unit configured to select and output one of the plurality of reference voltages in response to a control signal, a temperature detection unit configured to detect temperature change and to output a temperature detection signal, and a control unit configured to generate the control signal in response to the temperature detection to signal. 1. A reference voltage generation circuit of a semiconductor device , comprising:a reference voltage generation unit configured to generate a plurality of reference voltages having mutually different temperature characteristics;a switching unit configured to select and output one of the plurality of reference voltages in response to a control signal;a temperature detection unit configured to detect temperature change and to output a temperature detection signal; anda control unit configured to generate the control signal in response to the temperature detection signal.2. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of reference voltages comprises:a first reference voltage having a characteristic of maintaining a constant voltage level regardless of temperature change,a second reference voltage having a characteristic of direct proportionality wherein an increased voltage level in correlation with an increased temperature is provided, anda third reference voltage having a characteristic of indirect proportionality wherein a decreased voltage level in correlation with an increased temperature is provided.3. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the switching unit comprises a multiplexer.4. The circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured in the following ways: to determine temperature change by comparing the temperature detection signal with an internal setting value claim 1 , and to ...

OPTICAL FILTERS AND IMAGE SENSORS AND CAMERA MODULES AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES

An optical filter includes a light absorbing layer and a conductive nanodisk. The light absorbing layer includes a near-infrared absorbing material configured to absorb light of a first wavelength spectrum within a near-infrared wavelength spectrum. The conductive nanodisk is configured to absorb or reflect light of a second wavelength spectrum within the first wavelength spectrum. An image sensor includes the optical filter, a camera module includes the optical filter, and an electronic device includes the optical filter. 1. An optical filter , comprising:a light absorbing layer including a near-infrared absorbing material configured to absorb light of a first wavelength spectrum, the first wavelength spectrum encompassed within a near-infrared wavelength spectrum; anda conductive nanodisk configured to absorb, reflect, or scatter light of a second wavelength spectrum, the second wavelength spectrum at least partially overlapping the first wavelength spectrum.2. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the light absorbing layer is in contact with at least one of a lower surface claim 1 , an upper surface claim 1 , or a side surface of the conductive nanodisk.3. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the conductive nanodisk is a metal nanodisk claim 1 , such that the conductive nanodisk includes a metal material.4. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a diameter of the conductive nanodisk to a thickness of the conductive nanodisk is greater than or equal to about 8.5. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein a diameter of the conductive nanodisk is about 80 nm to about 300 nm.6. The optical filter of claim 5 , wherein a thickness of the conductive nanodisk is about 1 nm to about 20 nm.7. The optical filter of claim 1 , whereina transmission spectrum of the near-infrared absorbing material has a first minimum transmission wavelength that is within the first wavelength spectrum,a transmission spectrum of the conductive nanodisk has a second minimum ...

METHOD FOR MANAGING DATA AND APPARATUSES THEREFOR

A method for managing data by an electronic device is provided. The method includes receiving first data inputted from a user, generating second data by encrypting the first data using a public key, generating a query comprising the second data, transmitting the query to a server, receiving third data corresponding to the query from the server, generating fourth data by decrypting the third data using a secret key corresponding to the public key, and outputting the fourth data. 1. A method for managing data by an electronic device , the method comprising:receiving first data inputted from a user;generating second data by encrypting the first data using a public key;generating a query comprising the second data;transmitting the query to a server;receiving third data corresponding to the query from the server;generating fourth data by decrypting the third data using a secret key corresponding to the public key; andoutputting the fourth data.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the second data and the third data comprises homomorphically-encrypted data.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising claim 2 , prior to generating the second data by encrypting the first data:generating ciphertexts by encrypting one or more plaintexts using the public key; andtransmitting the ciphertexts to the server.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein receiving the third data corresponding to the query comprises:receiving, as the third data, at least a part of the ciphertexts transmitted to the server.5. An electronic device for managing data claim 3 , the electronic device comprising:a communication interface comprising communication circuitry; anda processor comprising processing circuitry, the processor configured to:if first data is inputted from a user, generate second data by encrypting the first data using a public key,generate a query comprising the second data,control the communication interface to transmit the query to a server,control the communication interface to receive ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CALIBRATION IN RADIO FREQUENCY MODULE

An apparatus and a method for phase calibration in an radio frequency (RF) module that constitutes a wireless communication device are provided. The apparatus and method include a test signal is emitted by a forward transmission antenna array of a first antenna array, and the emitted test signal, which is transferred by a member that covers the first and second antenna arrays, is received through a forward reception antenna array of the second antenna array. On the basis of the received test signal, a phase value is calibrated with regard to each of chain combinations formed by the first and second antenna arrays. Forward chain combinations that constitute the chain combination may be determined by a combination of forward transmission chains, which correspond to respective transmission antennas that constitute the forward transmission antenna array, and forward reception chains, which correspond to respective reception antennas that constitute the forward reception antenna array. 1. A wireless communication terminal device having a multi-antenna , the wireless communication terminal device comprising: front RF modules comprising first and second antenna arrays, and', 'a rear RF module independently connected to each of the front RF modules by a cable having a predetermined length; and, 'a radio frequency (RF) module comprising output an input test signal to the RF module, and', 'calibrate a phase value with regard to each of chain combinations formed by the first and second antenna arrays, based on an output test signal provided from the RF module in response to the input test signal,, 'a digital modem configured towherein a test signal emitted by a forward transmission antenna array of the first antenna array is transferred to a forward reception antenna of the second antenna array by a member that covers the first and second antenna arrays,wherein forward chain combinations that constitute the chain combination are determined by a combination of forward ...

COMMUNICATION ROBOT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME

A communication robot for controlling an output device by performing an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm and/or a machine learning algorithm in a 5G communication environment for Internet of Things (IoT), and a method for driving the same, are disclosed. Accordingly, the communication robot may control an output device based on a result of searching for at one or more output devices disposed in the given space and an operation mode of the communication robot, resulting in enhanced performance of the communication robot. 1. A method for controlling a communication robot disposed in a given space , comprising:searching for one or more output devices which are disposed in the space and which are outputting at least one among an audio signal and a video signal; andadjusting an output signal of the searched output device in response to an operation mode of the communication robot.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:after completion of the searching for the one or more output devices, calculating at least one among position information of the communication robot and position information of the output device.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the adjusting the output signal of the searched output device includes adjusting an output signal of the output device that is spaced apart from the communication robot by a predetermined distance or less.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:after completion of the searching for the one or more output devices, selecting at least one of the one or more searched output devices in response to an operation mode of the communication robot; andtransmitting, to the selected output device, at least one among an audio signal and a video signal that are being outputted by the communication robot.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the selecting the at least one of the one or more searched output devices includes selecting an output device corresponding to predefined priority ...

LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY INCLUDING THE SAME

A liquid crystal composition includes a first compound represented by Chemical Formula 1. 3. The liquid crystal composition of claim 2 , whereinthe first compound is present in an amount of about 20 wt % to about 40 wt % with respect to a total weight of the liquid crystal composition.9. The liquid crystal display of claim 8 , whereinthe first compound is present in an amount of about 20 wt % to about 40 wt % of a total weight of the liquid crystal composition.12. The liquid crystal display of claim 7 , whereinthe liquid crystal composition includes a plurality of liquid crystal molecules, andthe liquid crystal molecules are pretilted with respect to the first substrate or the second substrate.13. The liquid crystal display of claim 12 , whereinthe pretilt of the liquid crystal molecules is about 86 degrees to about 87.5 degrees. This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0098957, filed on Jul. 13, 2015, and all the benefits accruing therefrom under 35 U.S.C. §119, the contents of which in their entirety are herein incorporated by reference.(a) FieldThe present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display including the same.(b) Description of the Related ArtLiquid crystal displays are widely used as one type of flat panel display. The liquid crystal display includes two display panels on which field generating electrodes are formed, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the display panels. In the liquid crystal display, a voltage is applied to the field generating electrodes to generate an electric field across the liquid crystal layer, and the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer is determined by the electric field. Accordingly, the polarization of incident light can be controlled, thereby performing image display.The liquid crystal display includes a liquid crystal material that is capable of controlling the transmittance of light and obtaining ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR MANAGING OR IMPROVING BONE DISORDERS, CARTILAGE DISORDERS, OR BOTH

The present disclosure provides mixtures of prenylated flavonoids, stilbenes, or both with flavans or curcuminoids or both capable of useful for promoting, managing or improving bone health, cartilage health or both, or for preventing or treating a bone disorder, cartilage disorder or both. Such a mixture of prenylated flavonoids, stilbenes, or both with flavans or curcuminoids or both can optionally be used in combination with other bone and cartilage management agents, such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron, vitamin D, vitamin K, glucosamine and/or chondroitin compounds, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics, COX/LOX inhibiting agents, neuropathic pain relief agents, or the like. 1MorusAcacia. A composition for bone health , cartilage health or both , comprising a mixture of a extract enriched for one or more prenylated flavonoids and one or more Stilbenes , and an extract enriched for flavans.2MorusAcacia. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract and the extract are blended in a 2:1 weight ratio.3MorusMorus albaAcaciaAcacia catechu.. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract is from claim 1 , and the extract is from4Acacia. The composition according to wherein the extract is comprised of 0.01% to 99.9% of flavans.5Morus. The composition according to wherein the extract is comprised of 0.1% to 49.9% of prenylated flavonoids.6Morus. The composition according to wherein the extract is comprised of 0.1% to 49.9% of Stilbenes.7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more prenylated flavonoids is Albanin G claim 1 , Kuwanon G claim 1 , Morusin claim 1 , or any combination thereof.8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more Stilbenes is oxyresveratrol claim 1 , mulberroside A claim 1 , or a combination thereof.9Acacia. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the major active ingredients in the extract is catechin claim 1 , epicatechin claim 1 , or a combination thereof.10. ...

DRUG CARRIER HAVING SELF-ASSEMBLED 3-D NUCLEIC ACID NANOSTRUCTURE

The present invention relates to a molecule delivery technology and a carrier technology, which may selectively deliver a material to a desired specific cell and living tissue. The present invention may be utilized in the field of a drug carrier which effectively delivers an imaging probe and a therapeutic agent to an affected part. 1. A method of in vivo delivering a pharmaceutically active ingredient specifically to a target tissue , using a self-assembled 3-D nucleic acid nanostructure as a drug carrier.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drug carrier does not comprise a targeting ligand for the tissue.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drug carrier has an L-DNA nanostructure claim 1 , and the tissue is cancer tissue.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the drug carrier has a structure selected from L-DNA tetrahedron claim 3 , L-DNA pentahedron claim 3 , L-DNA hexahedron and L-DNA octahedron.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the drug carrier has a tetrahedron structure composed of 4 strands of L-DNA 55 mer or 4 strands of L-DNA 92 mer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the drug carrier has a D-DNA nanostructure claim 1 , and the tissue is liver claim 1 , skin claim 1 , or kidney tissue.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the drug carrier has a tetrahedron nanostructure composed of 4 strands of D-DNA 55 mer claim 6 , and the tissue is liver tissue.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the drug carrier has a tetrahedron nanostructure composed of 4 strands of D-DNA 92 mer claim 6 , and the tissue is kidney tissue.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of an anticancer agent claim 1 , a contrast medium claim 1 , a nucleic acid claim 1 , an aptamer claim 1 , an antisense nucleic acid claim 1 , an oligonucleotide claim 1 , a peptide claim 1 , a siRNA claim 1 , and a micro RNA.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically active ingredient is encapsulated within the nucleic acid ...

LEUKEMIA DIAGNOSTIC KIT TARGETING PROHIBITIN GENE AND DIAGNOSTIC METHOD USING SAME

A leukemia diagnostic kit may be an RT-PCR kit enabling expression levels of prohibitin-1 and prohibitin-2 to be checked in a leukemia patient specimen, wherein the accuracy and the reproducibility of leukemia diagnosis of the kit are higher than those of a conventional RT-PCR kit, thereby being useful as a kit for diagnosing leukemia, examining residual lesions and evaluating therapeutic effects. 1: A leukemia diagnostic kit , comprising:a prohibitin-1 (PHB1) gene, a forward primer of SEQ ID NO: 1, and a reverse primer of SEQ ID NO: 2; anda prohibitin-2 (PHB2) gene, a forward primer of SEQ ID NO: 3, and a reverse primer of SEQ ID NO: 4.2: The leukemia diagnostic kit according to claim 1 , which is for measuring and comparing an expression level of the PHB1 gene and an expression level of the PHB2 gene in a specimen.4: The leukemia diagnostic kit according to claim 1 , which is used to perform RT-PCR with respect to mRNA of the PHB1 gene and the PHB2 gene.5: The leukemia diagnostic kit according to claim 1 , further comprising a reagent for PCR.6: The leukemia diagnostic kit according to claim 1 , further comprising a reagent for RNA extraction.7: The leukemia diagnostic kit according to claim 1 , wherein the leukemia is acute myelogenous leukemia claim 1 , acute lymphocytic leukemia claim 1 , chronic myelogenous leukemia or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.8: A method of diagnosing leukemia using the leukemia claim 1 , the method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'using the leukemia diagnostic kit of to express the prohibitin-1 (PHB1) gene and the prohibitin-2 (PHB2) gene in a specimen; and'}measuring expression levels of the prohibitin-1 (PHB1) gene and the prohibitin-2 (PHB2) gene to diagnose leukemia.10: The method according to claim 8 , wherein the use of the leukemia diagnostic kit comprises performing RT-PCR with respect to mRNA of the PHB1 gene and the PHB2 gene.11: The method according to claim 8 , wherein the leukemia diagnostic kit ...

Compositions and Methods for Managing or Improving Bone Disorders, Cartilage Disorders, or Both

The present disclosure provides mixtures of prenylated flavonoids, stilbenes, or both with flavans or curcuminoids or both capable of useful for promoting, managing or improving bone health, cartilage health or both, or for preventing or treating a bone disorder, cartilage disorder or both. Such a mixture of prenylated flavonoids, stilbenes, or both with flavans or curcuminoids or both can optionally be used in combination with other bone and cartilage management agents, such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron, vitamin D, vitamin K, glucosamine and/or chondroitin compounds, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics, COX/LOX inhibiting agents, neuropathic pain relief agents, or the like.

COMBINATION STRUCTURES AND OPTICAL FILTERS AND IMAGE SENSORS AND CAMERA MODULES AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES

A combination structure includes an in-plane pattern of unit cells, wherein the each unit cell includes nanostructures each having a dimension that is smaller than a near-infrared wavelength and a light-absorbing layer adjacent to the nanostructures and including a near-infrared absorbing material configured to absorb light in at least a portion of a near-infrared wavelength spectrum. The nanostructures are define a nanostructure array in the unit cells, and a wavelength width at 50% transmittance of a transmission spectrum in the near-infrared wavelength spectrum of the combination structure is wider than a wavelength width at 50% transmittance of a transmission spectrum in the near-infrared wavelength spectrum of the nanostructure array. 1. A combination structure , comprising:An in-plane pattern of unit cells, wherein each unit cell of the unit cells includes nanostructures each having a dimension that is smaller than a near-infrared wavelength, anda light-absorbing layer adjacent to the nanostructures, the light-absorbing layer including a near-infrared absorbing material configured to absorb light in at least a portion of a near-infrared wavelength spectrum,wherein the nanostructures define a nanostructure array in the unit cells, andwherein a wavelength width at 50% transmittance of a transmission spectrum in the near-infrared wavelength spectrum of the combination structure is wider than a wavelength width at 50% transmittance of a transmission spectrum in the near-infrared wavelength spectrum of the nanostructure array.2. The combination structure of claim 1 , whereinthe transmission spectrum in the near-infrared wavelength spectrum of the nanostructure array has a first local minimum point and a second local minimum point separated from each other and a first local maximum point between the first local minimum point and the second local minimum point, anda difference between a transmittance at either the first local minimum point or the second local minimum ...

SEMICONDUCTOR APPARATUS

A semiconductor apparatus suitable for operating by being applied with a plurality of external voltages from an exterior includes an initialization block configured to enable an initialization signal until all of the plurality of external voltages are higher than preset voltage levels after the plurality of external voltages are initially applied to the semiconductor apparatus; and an internal circuit configured to perform an initialization operation in response to the initialization signal.S 1. A semiconductor apparatus suitable for operating by being applied with a plurality of external voltages from an exterior , comprising:an initialization block configured to enable an initialization signal until all of the plurality of external voltages are higher than preset voltage levels after the plurality of external voltages are initially applied to the semiconductor apparatus; andan internal circuit configured to perform an initialization operation in response to the initialization signal.2. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the initialization block enables the initialization signal when an external voltage applied earliest among the plurality of external voltages is higher than a preset voltage level claim 1 , and disables the initialization signal when a signal applied latest among the plurality of external voltages is higher than a preset voltage level.3. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a control block configured to generate a control signal for controlling the internal circuit; anda signal combination block configured to generate a combination signal in response to the control signal and the initialization signal.4. The semiconductor apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the signal combination block fixes the combination signal to a specified level regardless of the control signal for a period in which the initialization signal is enabled claim 3 , and generates the combination signal in response to ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR JOINT HEALTH

The present disclosure provides mixtures of prenylated flavonoids, stilbenes, or both with flavans or curcuminoids or both capable of modulating joint inflammation, joint pain, joint stiffness, cartilage degradation, or improving mobility, range of motion, flexibility, joint physical function, or any combination thereof. Such a mixture of prenylated flavonoids, stilbenes, or both with flavans or curcuminoids or both can optionally be used in combination with other joint management agents, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics, COX/LOX inhibiting agents, glucosamine compounds, neuropathic pain relief agents, or the like. 1MorusAcacia. A composition for joint health , comprising a mixture of a extract enriched for one or more prenylated flavonoids and one or more Stilbenes , and an extract enriched for flavans.2MorusAcacia. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract and the extract are blended in a 2:1 weight ratio.3MorusMorus albaAcaciaAcacia catechu.. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract is from claim 1 , and the extract is from4Acacia. The composition according to wherein the extract is comprised of 0.01% to 99.9% of flavans.5Morus. The composition according to wherein the extract is comprised of 0.1% to 49.9% of prenylated flavonoids.6Morus. The composition according to wherein the extract is comprised of 0.1% to 49.9% of Stilbenes.7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more prenylated flavonoids is Albanin G claim 1 , Kuwanon G claim 1 , Morusin claim 1 , or any combination thereof.8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more Stilbenes is oxyresveratrol claim 1 , mulberroside A claim 1 , or a combination thereof.9Acacia. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the major active ingredients in the extract is catechin claim 1 , epicatechin claim 1 , or a combination thereof.10. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition additionally ...

COMBINATION STRUCTURES AND OPTICAL FILTERS AND IMAGE SENSORS AND CAMERA MODULES AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES

A combination structure includes a hybrid nanostructure array and a light-absorbing layer adjacent to the hybrid nanostructure array. The hybrid nanostructure array includes a plurality of hybrid nanostructures, each hybrid nanostructure includes a stack of a first nanostructure and a second nanostructure. The first nanostructure includes a first material. The second nanostructure includes a second material. The second material has a refractive index that is higher than a refractive index of the first material. The light-absorbing layer includes a near-infrared absorbing material configured to absorb light of at least a portion of a near-infrared wavelength spectrum. 1. A combination structure , comprising:a hybrid nanostructure array including a plurality of hybrid nanostructures, each hybrid nanostructure of the plurality of hybrid nanostructures including a stack of a first nanostructure and a second nanostructure, the first nanostructure including a first material, the second nanostructure including a second material, the second material having a refractive index that is higher than a refractive index of the first material; anda light-absorbing layer adjacent to the hybrid nanostructure array, the light-absorbing layer including a near-infrared absorbing material configured to absorb light of at least a portion of a near-infrared wavelength spectrum.2. The combination structure of claim 1 , wherein one or more hybrid nanostructures of the hybrid nanostructure array has a dimension that is smaller than a particular near-infrared wavelength.3. The combination structure of claim 2 , wherein the particular near-infrared wavelength is in a range of greater than about 700 nm and less than or equal to about 1200 nm.4. The combination structure of claim 2 , wherein the particular near-infrared wavelength is in a range of about 890 nm to about 990 nm.5. The combination structure of claim 1 , wherein the first material includes a metal having a refractive index of less ...

THERMOPLASTIC POLYETHER ESTER ELASTOMER COMPRISING ANHYDROSUGAR ALCOHOL DERIVATIVE AND METHOD FOR PREPARING SAME

The present invention relates to a thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer (TPEE) having a hard segment and a soft segment and a method for preparing the same and, more specifically, to a thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer and a method for preparing the same, wherein a unit derived from an anhydrosugar alcohol derivative with improved reactivity derived from biomass is contained in the soft segment, and thus through the adjustment of the content of the anhydrosugar alcohol derivative, elastic characteristics and physical characteristics (for example, hardness, etc.), which are important characteristics of an elastomer, can be favorably maintained, the melting point variously required in the molding process of a final product can be easily controlled, a problem of depletion of, especially, petroleum resources as finite resources, can be solved, and environmental friendliness can be improved. 1. A thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer consisting of a hard segment and a soft segment ,wherein the hard segment comprises an aromatic dicarboxylic compound and an aliphatic diol component as polymerized units,the soft segment comprises an aromatic dicarboxylic compound and a glycol component as polymerized units, andthe glycol component comprises an anhydrosugar alcohol-alkylene glycol.2. The thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic dicarboxylic compound is selected from the group consisting of terephthalic acid claim 1 , isophthalic acid claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,5-dinaphthalene dicarboxylic acid claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,6-dinaphthalene dicarboxylic acid claim 1 , dimethyl terephthalate claim 1 , dimethyl isophthalate and combinations thereof.3. The thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer according to claim 1 , wherein the aliphatic diol component is a linear aliphatic diol having 2 to 8 carbon atoms or a cyclic aliphatic diol having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.4. The thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH GOOD CELL PENETRATION AND STRONG AFFINITY FOR NUCLEIC ACID

The present invention provides a novel class of peptide nucleic acid derivatives, which show good cell penetration and strong binding affinity for nucleic acid. 116-. (canceled) This application is a divisional patent application of allowed application Ser. No. 12/922,322, filed Sep. 13, 2010. Allowed application Ser. No. 12/922,322 is a National Phase filing of International Application No. PCT/KR2009/001256, filed Mar. 13, 2009, which claims priority to Korean Application No. 10-2008-23658, filed Mar. 14, 2008, and Korean Application No. 10-2008-111459, filed Nov. 11, 2008. The entire content of each prior application is hereby incorporated by reference.This application contains a sequence listing, provided as a paper copy, as required under 37 C.F.R. §1.821(c), and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, as required under 37 C.F.R. §1.52(e)(5). A copy of the sequence listing is also provided as required under 37 C.F.R. §1.821(e), as a computer readable form.The present invention relates to peptide nucleic acid derivatives chemically modified to show good cell penetration and strong affinity for nucleic acid.Oligonucleotides have been used for diverse biological purposes including antisense inhibition of gene expression, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), diagnostic analysis by gene chips, and so on. Since oligonucleotides interact in a sequence specific manner with nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, they are quite useful to predictably modulate biological processes involving DNA or RNA within cell. Unlike small molecule drugs, however, oligonucleotides do not readily penetrate mammalian cell membrane, and therefore hardly affect biological processes within cell unless properly modified or formulated to readily penetrate plasma membrane.Proteins mediate diverse cellular functions. It would not be surprising to find that most of currently marketed drugs show therapeutic activity through modulating functions of protein(s). For example, non-steroidal anti- ...

PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH GOOD CELL PENETRATION AND STRONG AFFINITY FOR NUCLEIC ACID

The present invention provides a novel class of peptide nucleic acid derivatives, which show good cell penetration and strong binding affinity for nucleic acid. 116-. (canceled) This application is a divisional patent application of allowed application Ser. No. 12/922,322, filed Sep. 13, 2010. Allowed application Ser. No. 12/922,322 is a National Phase filing of International Application No. PCT/KR2009/001256, filed Mar. 13, 2009, which claims priority to Korean Application No. 10-2008-23658, filed Mar. 14, 2008, and Korean Application No. 10-2008-111459, filed Nov. 11, 2008. The entire content of each prior application is hereby incorporated by reference.This application contains a sequence listing, provided as a paper copy, as required under 37 C.F.R. §1.821(c), and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, as required under 37 C.F.R. §1.52(e)(5). A copy of the sequence listing is also provided as required under 37 C.F.R. §1.821(e), as a computer readable form.The present invention relates to peptide nucleic acid derivatives chemically modified to show good cell penetration and strong affinity for nucleic acid.Oligonucleotides have been used for diverse biological purposes including antisense inhibition of gene expression, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), diagnostic analysis by gene chips, and so on. Since oligonucleotides interact in a sequence specific manner with nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, they are quite useful to predictably modulate biological processes involving DNA or RNA within cell. Unlike small molecule drugs, however, oligonucleotides do not readily penetrate mammalian cell membrane, and therefore hardly affect biological processes within cell unless properly modified or formulated to readily penetrate plasma membrane.Proteins mediate diverse cellular functions. It would not be surprising to find that most of currently marketed drugs show therapeutic activity through modulating functions of protein(s). For example, non-steroidal anti- ...

RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY

A rechargeable lithium battery includes a negative electrode including a negative active material including a Si-based material, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte including a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive including lithium triflate and fluoroethylene carbonate. Embodiments of the rechargeable lithium battery have excellent irreversible characteristics and cycle-life characteristics. 1. A rechargeable lithium battery comprising:a negative electrode comprising a negative active material comprising a Si-based material;a positive electrode; andan electrolyte comprising a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive comprising lithium triflate and fluoroethylene carbonate.2. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium triflate is included in the electrolyte in an amount of about 0.5 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.3. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium triflate is included in the electrolyte in an amount of about 3 parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.4. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the fluoroethylene carbonate is included in the electrolyte in an amount of about 5 parts by weight to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.5. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the fluoroethylene carbonate is included in the electrolyte in an amount of about 10 parts by weight to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.6. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the lithium triflate to the fluoroethylene carbonate is about 1:2 to about 1:10.7. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the Si-based material comprises Si claim 1 , SiO claim 1 , a Si—Y alloy claim 1 , a Si—C composite claim 1 , or a combination thereof claim 1 , wherein 0 Подробнее

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND SEMICONDUCTOR SYSTEMS

A semiconductor system may include a first semiconductor device and a second semiconductor device. The first semiconductor device may output command/address signals and receives temperature codes. The second semiconductor device may sense an internal temperature if a combination of the command/address signals is a first combination, generate and output the temperature codes having a combination corresponding to the internal temperature if a combination of the command/address signals is a second combination, and adjust a period of the temperature codes in accordance with a temperature section of the internal temperature. 1. A semiconductor system comprising:a first semiconductor device suitable for outputting command/address signals and suitable for receiving temperature codes; anda second semiconductor device suitable for sensing an internal temperature if a combination of the command/address signals is a first combination, suitable for generating and outputting the temperature codes having a combination corresponding to the internal temperature if a combination of the command/address signals is a second combination, and suitable for adjusting a period of the temperature codes in accordance with a temperature section of the internal temperature.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the period of the temperature codes are reduced if the internal temperature is within a range of a predetermined temperature section.3. The system of claim 1 ,wherein, the second semiconductor device generates the temperature codes having a first period if the internal temperature is within a range of a predetermined temperature section; andwherein the second semiconductor device generates the temperature codes having a second period if the internal temperature is out of the range of the predetermined temperature section.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the first period is shorter than the second period.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the second semiconductor device includes:a command ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING LOW-MOLECULAR LIGNIN DERIVATIVE

A method of preparing a low-molecular lignin derivative comprises the step of: preparing lignin by hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass with an acid; preparing a first mixture by mixing 100 parts by weight of the lignin and 500 parts or more by weight of a phenolic compound; preparing a second mixture by mixing the first mixture with a solvent including the hydrophobic polar solvent; and recovering a low-molecular lignin derivative from the second mixture. 1. A preparation method of a low-molecular lignin derivative , the method comprising:preparing lignin by hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass with an acid;preparing a first mixture by mixing 100 parts by weight of the lignin and 500 parts by weight or more of a phenolic compound;preparing a second mixture by mixing the first mixture with a solvent including a hydrophobic polar solvent; andrecovering a low-molecular lignin derivative from the second mixture.2. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the acid hydrolyzing lignocellulosic biomass comprises hydrochloric acid.3. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin comprises a dry lignin powder obtained by neutralizing claim 1 , drying claim 1 , and pulverizing a lignin separated from an - hydrolysate of lignocellulosic biomass.4. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the phenolic compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of phenol claim 1 , o-cresol claim 1 , m-cresol claim 1 , p-cresol claim 1 , catechol claim 1 , resorcinol claim 1 , hydroquinone claim 1 , and pyrogallol.5. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein 550 to 2000 parts by weight of the phenolic compound is mixed claim 1 , based on 100 parts by weight of lignin.6. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing of the lignin with the phenolic compound is performed at 70° C. or higher.7. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixing of the lignin with the phenolic compound is performed ...

Compositions and Methods for Managing Weight

The present disclosure provides Diels-Alder adducts of chalcone and prenylphenyl moieties capable of modulating the activity of cannabinoid receptors, and to oligomers of flavan-3-ol capable of modulating fat absorption and storage. Such Diels-Alder adducts of chalcone and prenylphenyl moieties or oligomers of flavan-3-ol can optionally be used in combination with other weight management agents, such as anorectic agents, a lipase inhibitors, other cannabinoid receptor modulators, psychotropic agents, insulin sensitizers, stimulants, or satiety agents, as well as to methods of use thereof such as treating or preventing weight gain or obesity, promoting weight loss, appetite suppression, modifying satiety, or the like. 1MorusMagnolia. A composition , comprising a mixture of a extract enriched for one or more Diels-Alder adducts of a chalcone and a prenylphenyl moiety , a extract , and a Yerba Mate extract.2MorusMorus albaMagnoliaMagnolia officinalisIlex paraguayensis.. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract is from claim 1 , the extract is from claim 1 , and the Yerba Mate extract is from4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least two of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rare hydroxyl.5Morus. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract is enriched for Albanin G claim 1 , Kuwanon G claim 1 , Morusin claim 1 , or any combination thereof.6Magnolia. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the extract is enriched for magnolol claim 1 , honokiol claim 1 , or both.7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the Yerba Mate extract is enriched for caffeine claim 1 , dicaffeoylquinic acid claim 1 , or both.8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises a ...

SYMBOL LOCK METHOD AND A MEMORY SYSTEM USING THE SAME

A memory system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is configured to transmit a data signal corresponding to a first symbol lock pattern and a data burst via an interface. The data burst includes a first data and a subsequent data. The receiver is configured to receive the data signal, to detect the first symbol lock pattern based on the received data signal, and to find the first data of the data burst according to the detected first symbol lock pattern. 1. A memory system comprising:a transmitter configured to transmit a data signal corresponding to a first symbol lock pattern and a data burst via an interface, the data burst having a first data and a subsequent data; anda receiver configured to receive the data signal, detect the first symbol lock pattern based on the received data signal, and find the first data of the data burst according to the detected first symbol lock pattern.2. The memory system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver stores a plurality of second symbol lock patterns claim 1 , compares each of the stored second symbol lock patterns with the received data signal claim 1 , determines the received data signal to be matched with at least one of the stored second symbol lock patterns claim 1 , and detects the first symbol lock pattern.3. The memory system of claim 2 , wherein the transmitter comprises a memory controller configured to output a write command claim 2 , andwherein the receiver comprises a memory device configured to generate a write enable signal in response to the write command, and find the first data of the data burst based on the write enable signal.4. (canceled)5. The memory system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver stores a plurality of second symbol lock patterns claim 1 , compares each of the stored second symbol lock patterns with the received data signal claim 1 , determines the received data signal to be matched with at least one of the stored second symbol lock patterns claim 1 , detects the first symbol ...

DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATION METHOD INCLUDING DEVICE-TO-DEVICE AUTHENTICATION USING HASH CHAIN

A device-to-device (D2D) communication method is provided. According to an inventive concept, the method comprises, storing, by a first device, first authentication data including a hash chain, which is a sequential concatenation of hash values, and storing, by a second device, second authentication data including an initial hash value of the hash chain, transmitting, by the first device, a final hash value of the hash chain to the second device, determining, by the second device, whether authentication between the first and second devices has succeeded by repeatedly hashing the initial hash value stored in the second device until a hash value identical to the final hash value is returned, and if a determination is made that authentication between the first and second devices has succeeded, performing, by the first and second devices, a connection establishment process for establishing a connection between the first and second devices. 1. A device-to-device (D2D) communication method comprising:storing, by a first device, first authentication data including a hash chain, which is a sequential concatenation of hash values, and storing, by a second device, second authentication data including an initial hash value of the hash chain;transmitting, by the first device, a final hash value of the hash chain to the second device;determining, by the second device, whether authentication between the first and second devices has succeeded by repeatedly hashing the initial hash value stored in the second device until a hash value identical to the final hash value is returned; andif a determination is made that authentication between the first and second devices has succeeded, performing, by the first and second devices, a connection establishment process for establishing a connection between the first and second devices.2. The D2D communication method of claim 1 , whereinthe first authentication data further includes a maximum count,the final hash value is one of the hash ...

CLOCK SYNCHRONIZING METHOD OF A MULTIPLE CLOCK DOMAIN MEMORY DEVICE

A memory device includes: a first clock receiver configured to receive a first clock signal; a second clock receiver configured to receive a second clock signal when data is input or output, wherein the second clock signal has a first clock frequency in a preamble period, and has a second clock frequency different from the first clock frequency after the preamble period; a command decoder configured to receive a clock synchronization command synchronized with the first clock signal and generate a clock synchronization signal, wherein the clock synchronization signal is generated during the preamble period; and a clock synchronizing circuit configured to generate a plurality of division clock signals in response to the second clock signal, latch the clock synchronization signal during the preamble period, and selectively provide the plurality of division clock signals as internal data clock signals according to a result of the latching. 1. A memory device , comprising:a first clock receiver configured to receive a first clock signal;a second clock receiver configured to receive a second clock signal when data is input or output, wherein the second clock signal has a first dock frequency in a preamble period, and has a second clock frequency different from the first clock frequency after the preamble period;a command decoder configured to receive a clock synchronization command synchronized with the first clock signal and generate a clock synchronization signal, wherein the clock synchronization signal is generated during the preamble period; anda clock synchronizing circuit configured to generate a plurality of division clock signals in response to the second clock signal, latch the clock synchronization signal during the preamble period, and selectively provide the plurality of division clock signals as internal data clock signals according to a result of the latching.2. The memory device of claim 1 , wherein the first clock frequency of the second clock signal is ...

METHOD OF PACKING POLYNUCLEOTIDES

Provided is a method of preparing nanoparticle-type polynucleotides, the method comprising forming the polynucleotides comprising modified nucleotides, in which the forming includes chemically synthesizing the polynucleotides comprising modified nucleotides, synthesizing the polynucleotides comprising modified nucleotides using an enzyme, or a combination thereof. 1. A method of preparing nanoparticle-type polynucleotides , the method comprising forming the polynucleotides comprising modified nucleotides , Wherein the forming comprises chemically synthesizing the polynucleotides comprising modified nucleotides , synthesizing the polynucleotides comprising modified nucleotides using an enzyme , or a combination thereof.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle-type polynucleotides are self-assembled.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemically synthesizing the polynucleotides comprising modified nucleotides comprises synthesizing by oligo nucleotides synthesis.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the synthesizing the polynucleotides comprising modified nucleotides using an enzyme comprises the steps of extending a primer by incubating a reaction mixture comprising a template nucleotide claim 1 , a polymerase claim 1 , modified-NTPs (nucleoside triphosphates) claim 1 , and the primer having a sequence at least partially complementary to the template; and amplifying polynucleotides at least partially comprising the modified nucleotides claim 1 ,wherein the modified-NTPs are one or more selected from the group consisting of modified-ATP, modified-TTP, modified-CTP, modified-GTP, and modified-UTP.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotides comprise at least partially a nucleotide sequence forming a secondary structure claim 1 , a tertiary structure claim 1 , a quaternary structure claim 1 , or a combination thereof as a biomolecular structure.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the modified-NTPs are dNTPs (deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates) or ...

MEMORY DEVICE AND SYSTEM SUPPORTING COMMAND BUS TRAINING, AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF

An operating method of a memory device includes entering into a command bus training mode, generating a plurality of internal clock signals by dividing a received clock signal, generating a plurality of internal chip selection signals by latching a received chip selection signal according to the plurality of internal clock signals, generating a second command/address signal by encoding a received first command/address signal based on the plurality of internal chip selection signals, and outputting the second command/address signal. 1. An operating method of a memory device supporting command bus training , the operating method comprising:entering into a mode of the command bus training;receiving a clock signal, chip selection signal and a first command/address signal;generating a plurality of internal clock signals by dividing the clock signal;generating a plurality of internal chip selection signals by latching the chip selection signal according to the plurality of internal clock signals;generating a second command/address signal by encoding the first command/address signal based on the plurality of internal chip selection signals; andoutputting the second command/address signal.2. The operating method of claim 1 , wherein generating the second command/address signal comprises generating the second command/address signal by differently encoding the first command/address signal according to voltage levels of the plurality of internal chip selection signals.3. The operating method of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of internal clock signals comprise first and second internal clock signals each having the same frequency and a phase difference of 180 degrees with respect to each other claim 2 , andwherein the plurality of internal chip selection signals comprise first and second internal chip selection signals generated by latching the chip selection signal according to the first and second internal clock signals, respectively.4. The operating method of claim 3 , ...

MEMORY DEVICE AND SYSTEM SUPPORTING COMMAND BUS TRAINING, AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF

A memory device and system supporting command bus training are provided. An operating method of the memory device includes entering into a command bus training mode, receiving a clock signal, a chip selection signal and a first command/address signal, generating an internal clock signal by dividing the clock signal, generating a second command/address signal by latching the first command/address signal at a rising edge or a falling edge of the internal clock signal when a chip selection signal is activated, and outputting the second command/address signal. 1. A command bus training method in a system in which a command/address signal and a clock signal are provided to a memory device from a memory controller , the command bus training method comprising:entering into a command bus training mode at the memory device;generating an internal clock signal in the memory device by dividing the clock signal;transmitting a first command/address signal by the memory controller;transmitting a chip selection signal by the memory controller, the chip selection signal having an adjustable delay with respect to the internal clock signal;generating and transmitting by the memory device, a second command/address signal by latching the first command/address signal at a rising edge or a falling edge of the internal clock signal, when the chip selection signal is activated;comparing the first command/address signal with the second command/address signal by the memory controller; anddetermining a delay of the chip selection signal based on a plurality of comparison results corresponding to the adjustable delay of the chip selection signal.2. The command bus training method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting the chip selection signal comprises gradually changing the delay of the chip selection signal.3. The command bus training method of claim 1 , wherein determining the delay of the chip selection signal comprises determining median value of delays of the chip selection signal ...

RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY

A rechargeable lithium battery including a negative electrode including a negative active material, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte solution including an additive, wherein the negative active material includes a Si-based material included in an amount of about 1 to about 70 wt % based on the total amount of the negative electrode, and the additive includes fluoroethylene carbonate and a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1. 2. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a current collector and a negative active material layer on the current collector claim 1 , the negative active material layer comprising the negative active material claim 1 , andwherein the Si-based material is in an amount of about 1 to about 70 wt % based on the total amount of the negative active material layer.3. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 2 , wherein the Si-based material is in the amount of about 7 to about 20 wt % based on the total amount of the negative active material layer.4. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is in the electrolyte solution in an amount of about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.5. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 4 , wherein the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is in the electrolyte solution in the amount of about 0.2 to about 3 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.6. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein fluoroethylene carbonate is in the electrolyte solution in an amount of about 1 to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.7. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 6 , wherein fluoroethylene carbonate is in the electrolyte solution in the amount of about 5 to about 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.8. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim ...

RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERY

A rechargeable lithium battery includes: a negative electrode including a negative active material; a positive electrode; a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode; and an electrolyte solution including an additive, wherein the negative active material includes a Si-based material, the Si-based material is included in an amount from about 1 to about 70 wt % based on total amount of the negative active material, and the additive includes fluoroethylene carbonate and a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. 2. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the negative active material comprises about 1 to about 70 wt % of the Si-based material based on a total amount of the negative active material.3. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is included in an amount less than about 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.4. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 is included in an amount from about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.5. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the fluoroethylene carbonate is included in an amount from about 1 to about 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.6. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the additive further comprises LiB(CO)F(lithium difluorooxalatoborate claim 1 , LiFOB).7. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 6 , wherein the LiB(CO)Fis included in an amount from about 0.1 to about 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the organic solvent.8. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is selected from LiPF claim 1 , LiBF claim 1 , LiSbF claim 1 , LiAsF claim 1 , LiN(SOCF) claim 1 , LiCFSO claim 1 , LiClO claim 1 , LiAlO claim 1 , LiAlCl claim 1 , LiN(CFSO)(CFSO ...

THERMOPLASTIC COPOLYMER RESIN HAVING EXCELLENT FLAME RETARDANCY AND TRANSPARENCY AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR

The present invention relates to a thermoplastic copolymer resin having an excellent flame retardancy and transparency and a preparation method therefor and, more particularly, to a thermoplastic copolymer resin having an excellent balance of physical properties such as a transparency, a fluidity, a low temperature impact strength as well as a flame retardancy, a preparation method therefor, and a molded article comprising the thermoplastic copolymer resin, in which the thermoplastic copolymer resin is obtained by copolymerizing polysiloxane having a particular structure and a branched polycarbonate oligomer. 2. The polysiloxane-branched polycarbonate block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein A represents a structure of chemical formula 2.3. The polysiloxane-branched polycarbonate block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein A represents a structure of chemical formula 3.4. The polysiloxane-branched polycarbonate block copolymer of claim 1 , wherein the branched polycarbonate block is that incorporated into the copolymer by reacting branched polycarbonate oligomer with the hydroxy-terminated polysiloxane of chemical formula 1.5. The polysiloxane-branched polycarbonate block copolymer of claim 4 , wherein the branched polycarbonate oligomer is that prepared by adding a branching agent to oligomeric polycarbonate and reacting them claim 4 , or that prepared by Phosgene method wherein dihydric phenol compound and phosgene are mixed with a branching agent together.6. The polysiloxane-branched polycarbonate block copolymer of claim 5 , wherein the branching agent is organic compound having 3 or more branching functional groups independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy group (—OH) claim 5 , carboxy group (—COOH) claim 5 , amino group (—NH) claim 5 , acid halide (—COCl) and formyl group (—CHO).7. The polysiloxane-branched polycarbonate block copolymer of claim 5 , wherein 0.001 to 15 mol % of the branching agent is used claim 5 , based on 100 mol % amount of the ...

MEMORY DEVICE WITH LOW POWER OPERATION MODE

A memory device that operates in a low-power operation mode includes a memory cell array, a page size changing circuit, and an encoding and decoding changing circuit. The page size changing circuit changes the number of data items prefetched in the memory cell array according to a power mode during a read operation. The encoding and decoding changing circuit changes a level of data written in the memory cell array according to the power mode during a read operation. 1. A memory device comprising:a memory cell array;input/output data type changing circuits comprising a decoding circuit and an encoding circuit, the decoding circuit is configured to decode a data symbol inputted from an external device into internal data for writing into the memory cell array and the encoding circuit configured to encode data bits read from the memory cell array into a data symbol; anddata pins configured to communicate with the external device and the input/output data type changing circuits, whereinthe data type changing circuits operate in different types of data transmission methods in accordance with a memory device operation power mode.2. The memory device of claim 1 , wherein the decoding circuit comprises:a de-map block configured to decode the data symbol and output the data bits for writing into the memory cell array in a high-performance mode of the memory device; anda deserializer configured to transmit outputs of comparators, comparing data applied to the data pins with a first reference voltage, to the memory cell array serially or in parallel in a low-power mode of the memory device.3. The memory device of claim 1 , wherein the encoding circuit comprises a map block configured to encode the data bits read from the memory cell array and convert the data bits into the data symbol in a high-performance mode of the memory device.4. The memory device of claim 1 , wherein:the input/output data type changing circuits receive the data symbol, which is applied to the data pins, ...

MEMORY DEVICE HAVING A PLURALITY OF LOW POWER STATES

A method and memory device of controlling a plurality of low power states are provided. The method includes: entering a low power mode state, in which memory cell rows of the memory device are refreshed and power consumption is lower than in a self-refresh mode state, in response to a low power state entry command; and exiting the low power mode state based on a low power mode exit latency time that is set in a mode register of the memory device or at least one of an alarm signal and a low power mode exit command. 1. A method of controlling a power state of a memory device , the method comprising:entering a first low power mode state, in which memory cell rows of the memory device are refreshed and power consumption is lower than in a self-refresh mode state, in response to a first low power state entry command; andautomatically exiting the first low power mode state based on a first low power mode exit latency time that is set in a mode register of the memory device.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:receiving a valid command,wherein the method comprises automatically exiting the first low power mode state by the first low power mode exit latency time, before the receiving the valid command.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first low power mode exit latency time is set longer than a self-refresh exit latency time of the self-refresh mode state based on which the memory device exits the self-refresh mode state.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:entering a second low power mode state in response to a second low power state entry command instructing entry to the second low power mode state, in which the memory cell rows are refreshed and power consumption is lower than the first low power mode state,wherein a second low power mode exit latency time for automatically exiting the second low power mode state is stored in the mode register such that the second low power mode exit latency time is longer than the ...

MEMORY DEVICE AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF

A memory device and an operating method of the memory device are provided. The operating method comprises receiving an activation-refresh command from a memory controller, decoding a target address and an internal command from the activation-refresh command, and performing an activation operation based on the internal command for the target address and performing a refresh operation on at least one block to which the target address does not belong. 1. An operating method of a memory device , comprising:receiving an activation-refresh command from a memory controller;decoding a target address and an internal command from the activation-refresh command; andperforming an activation operation based on the internal command for the target address and performing a refresh operation on at least one block to which the target address does not belong.2. The operating method of claim 1 , wherein a first block performing the activation operation and a second block performing the refresh operation belong to different blocks that do not share a bit line sensing area (BLSA) claim 1 , respectively.3. The operating method of claim 2 , whereinthe memory device includes a plurality of bank arrays,the plurality of bank arrays includes a plurality of blocks each including at least one bit line sensing area, andthe first block and the second block belong to one bank array.4. The operating method of claim 3 , wherein the memory device includes a plurality of registers mapped respectively to the plurality of blocks claim 3 , the method further comprising:storing, by each of the registers, a refresh address in a plurality of rows belonging to the mapped block.5. The operating method of claim 4 , further comprising:updating, by the registers, the refresh address while the memory device performs a pre-charge operation.6. The operating method of claim 4 , wherein the refresh address stored in the register is an address selected based on a row-hammer state in the mapped block.7. The operating ...

STREPTOMYCES BADIUS SP6C4 STRAIN HAVING ANTIMICIROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST INSECT PATHOGEN OR STRAWBERRY FUNGAL DISEASE PATHOGEN ISOLATED FROM STRAWBERRY POLLEN AND USES THEREOF

SP6C4 strain has an antimicrobial activity against an insect pathogen or a strawberry fungal disease pathogen isolated from strawberry pollen. The growth of an insect pathogen and a strawberry fungal disease pathogen is suppressed by SP6C4 strain isolated from strawberry pollen. SP6C4 strain can be used as an environmentally friendly biological agrochemical which is free of any environmental contamination yielded as a side effect of an agrochemical or any human toxicity caused by residual agrochemicals, and, by having an excellent effect of controlling American foul brood, chalk brood, and strawberry flower mold disease, it can be very advantageously used in terms of an industrial use. 1Streptomyces badius: SP6C4 strain having an antimicrobial activity against an insect pathogen or a strawberry fungal disease pathogen.2Streptomyces badius: The SP6C4 strain according to claim 1 , wherein the strain has been deposited under KCCM Accession Number of KCCM11703P.3Streptomyces badius: The SP6C4 strain according to claim 1 , wherein the insect pathogen is a pathogen causing American foul brood or a pathogen causing chalk brood.4Streptomyces badiusPaenibacillus larvaeAscosphaera apis.: The SP6C4 strain according to claim 3 , wherein the pathogen causing American foul brood is and the pathogen causing chalk brood is5Streptomyces badius: The SP6C4 strain according to claim 1 , wherein the pathogen causing the strawberry fungal disease is a pathogen causing a strawberry flower mold disease.6Streptomyces badiusCladosporium cladosporioides.: The SP6C4 strain according to claim 5 , wherein the pathogen causing a strawberry flower mold disease is7Streptomyces badius: A composition for controlling an insect disease or a strawberry fungal disease claim 1 , the composition containing SP6C4 strain according to or a culture thereof as an active ingredient.8: The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the insect disease is either American foul brood or chalk brood.9: The composition ...

COMPOSITION COMPRISING EUPATORIUM SPP. EXTRACT AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT FOR PREVENTING AND TREATING OBESITY AND METABOLIC BONE DISEASE

The present invention relates to a spp. extract having anti-obesity effects as a result of decreasing adipocytes and increasing osteoblasts, as well as the effects of preventing bone disease or fractures by increasing osteoblasts and of preventing osteoporosis by decreasing adipocytes and increasing osteoblasts by the same proportion in mesenchymal stem cells. DCM fraction layers of a spp. stem extract collected on a monthly basis and spp. stem extract collected only in September may inhibit the activity of PPARγ, AP2, CD36, adiponectin C/EBPα, and LPL, which serve as significant factors for adipocyte differentiation in C3H10T1/2 cells and primary mesenchymal stem cells, which are pluripotent stem cell lines, and may increase the activity of ALP, osterix, CO1I and RUNX2, which serve as significant factors for osteoblast differentiation. The spp. extract of the present invention exhibits the effects of increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and decreasing adipocytes in bone marrow in an osteoporosis animal model experiment involving an ovariectomy, and therefore may be used as a useful material for preventing and treating osteoporosis. 1Eupatorium. A composition for preventing and treating obesity and metabolic bone diseases , comprising as an active ingredient , an extract from a spp. plant.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a stimulatory activity on osteoblast differentiation and an inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation.3EupatoriumE. japonicum, E. lindleyanum, E. makinoioppisitifolium, E. rugosumEupatorium.. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the spp. plant is selected from var. claim 2 , and closely related plants belonging to the genus4EupatoriumEupatorium japonicum.. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein the extract from the spp. plant is prepared from the whole plant claim 3 , leaves claim 3 , stems or flowers of5Eupatorium japonicum. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein the is ...

ALIGNMENT LAYER COMPOSITION, LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY INCLUDING THE ALIGNMENT LAYER COMPOSITION, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF THE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

An alignment layer composition including a copolymer of a dianhydride compound and a diamine compound, wherein the copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula 1: 2. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein each of Arand Aris independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group comprising 6 carbon atoms.4. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': n', '2n+1', 'n', '2n+1', '2', 'n', '2n+1', 'n', '2n+1', '2', 'n', '2n+1', 'n', '2n+1', '2', 'n', '2n+1', '2', 'n', '2n+1', 'n', '2n+1', '2', 'n', '2n+1', '3, 'the electron donating group X is —CH, —OCH, —NH, —NH(CH), —N(CH), —OH, —NH(COCH), —N(COCH), —OCOCH, —CH(CH), —CH(CH), —C(CH), —F, —Cl, or —Br; and'}n is a natural number from 1 to 10.5. The manufacturing method of claim 3 , wherein a C—O bond dissociation energy in the ester group of the repeating unit represented by the Formula 1-1 ranges from 2.563 electron volts to 3.019 electron volts.12. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the mole ratio of the dianhydride compound and the diamine compound is about 1:1.13. The manufacturing method of claim 10 , wherein the at least one repeating unit represented by Formula 1 in a polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is transformed into the repeating unit represented by Formula 8.15. The manufacturing method of claim 14 , wherein the at least one repeating unit represented by Formula 7 in a polarization direction of the linearly polarized light is transformed into the repeating unit represented by Formula 9.16. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , wherein the performing thermal treatment is carried out at a temperature of about 210° C. to 240° C. for about 20 to 45 minutes.17. The manufacturing method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , before the applying the linearly polarized light:performing pretreatment on the alignment layer composition at a temperature of about 60° C. to 80° C. for about 50 to 100 seconds. This application is a divisional of U.S. ...

CLOCK SYNCHRONIZING METHOD OF A MULTIPLE CLOCK DOMAIN MEMORY DEVICE

A memory device includes: a first clock receiver configured to receive a first clock signal; a second clock receiver configured to receive a second clock signal when data is input or output, wherein the second clock signal has a first clock frequency in a preamble period, and has a second clock frequency different from the first clock frequency after the preamble period; a command decoder configured to receive a clock synchronization command synchronized with the first clock signal and generate a clock synchronization signal, wherein the clock synchronization signal is generated during the preamble period; and a clock synchronizing circuit configured to generate a plurality of division clock signals in response to the second clock signal, latch the clock synchronization signal during the preamble period, and selectively provide the plurality of division clock signals as internal data clock signals according to a result of the latching. 1. A memory device , comprising:a data clock receiver configured to receive a data clock signal when data is input or output, wherein the data clock signal has a first clock frequency in a preamble period before a time when the data is input or output, and has a second clock frequency different from the first clock frequency after the preamble period;a command decoder configured to receive a clock synchronization command to generate a clock synchronization signal during the preamble period; anda clock synchronizing circuit configured to divide the data clock signal and generate a plurality of division clock signals, latch the clock synchronization signal in response to a division clock signal selected from among the plurality of division clock signals, and selectively output the plurality of division clock signals as internal data clock signals according to a result of the latch.2. The memory device of claim 1 , wherein the second clock frequency is higher than the first clock frequency.3. The memory device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Clock synchronizing method of a multiple clock domain memory device

A memory device includes: a first clock receiver configured to receive a first clock signal; a second clock receiver configured to receive a second clock signal when data is input or output, wherein the second clock signal has a first clock frequency in a preamble period, and has a second clock frequency different from the first clock frequency after the preamble period; a command decoder configured to receive a clock synchronization command synchronized with the first clock signal and generate a clock synchronization signal, wherein the clock synchronization signal is generated during the preamble period; and a clock synchronizing circuit configured to generate a plurality of division clock signals in response to the second clock signal, latch the clock synchronization signal during the preamble period, and selectively provide the plurality of division clock signals as internal data clock signals according to a result of the latching.

POLARIZER PROTECTION FILM, POLARIZING PLATE INCLUDING SAME, AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING POLARIZING PLATE

Provided are a polarizer protection film, a polarizing plate comprising the same, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the polarizing plate. The polarizer protection film has: a moisture permeability ranging from approximately 0 g/m/24 hr to approximately 100 g/m/24 hr; a value for a MD-direction shrinkage rate/a TD-direction shrinkage rate, ranging from 0.8 to 1.3; an in-plane phase difference (Re) ranging from approximately 0 nm to approximately 350 nm; a thickness-direction phase difference (Rth) ranging from approximately 2500 nm to approximately 8000 nm; and a thickness of approximately 10 μm to approximately 60 μm. 1. A protective film for polarizer , having a water vapor transmission rate of about 0 g/m/24 hr to about 100 g/m/24 hr; a ratio of shrinkage in the MD to shrinkage in the TD of about 0.8 to about 1.3; an in-plane retardation Re of about 0 nm to about 350 nm; an out-of-plane retardation Rth of about 2 ,500 nm to about 8 ,000 nm; and a thickness of about 10 μm to about 60 μm.2. The protective film for polarizer according to claim 1 , wherein the protective film for polarizer comprises polyester-based material.3. The protective film for polarizer according to claim 2 , wherein the protective film for polarizer comprises a polyethylene terephthalate resin claim 2 , a polyethylene naphthalate resin claim 2 , or a copolymer thereof.4. The protective film for polarizer according to claim 3 , wherein the protective film for polarizer has a triple co-extruded structure comprising the polyethylene terephthalate resin claim 3 , the polyethylene naphthalate resin claim 3 , or the copolymer thereof.5. A polarizing plate comprising:a polarizer comprising a polyvinyl alcohol resin; anda protective film for polarizer stacked on at least one surface of the polarizer,{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein the protective film for polarizer has a water vapor transmission rate of about 0 g/m/24 hr to about 100 g/m/24 hr; a ratio of shrinkage in the MD to shrinkage in the ...

Polycarbonate Copolymer And Preparation Method Therefor

The present invention relates to a polycarbonate copolymer and a preparation method therefor and, more specifically, to a polycarbonate copolymer comprising a fluorene ester oligomer and a polycarbonate as polymerization units, and a preparation method therefor. 1. A polycarbonate copolymer comprising , as polymerization units ,a fluorene ester oligomer prepared from: a compound having a fluorene backbone selected from dicarboxylic compounds, dihalide compounds, dicyanide compounds and combinations thereof; and a dihydroxy compound; anda polycarbonate.3. The polycarbonate copolymer according to claim 1 , wherein the dihydroxy compound is selected from the group consisting of bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane claim 1 , bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethane claim 1 , bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)naphthylmethane claim 1 , bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-(4-isobutylphenyl)methane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane claim 1 , 1-ethyl-1 claim 1 ,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane claim 1 , 1-phenyl-1 claim 1 ,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane claim 1 , 1-naphthyl-1 claim 1 ,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,10-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)decane claim 1 , 2-methyl-1 claim 1 ,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)hexane claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)nonane claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane claim 1 , 2 claim 1 ,2-bis(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane claim 1 , 4-methyl-2 claim 1 ,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentane claim 1 , 4 claim 1 ,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane claim 1 , diphenyl-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane claim 1 , resorcinol claim 1 , hydroquinone claim 1 , 4 claim 1 ,4′-dihydroxyphenyl ether [bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ether] claim 1 , 4 claim 1 ,4′-dihydroxy-2 claim 1 ,5-dihydroxydiphenyl ether claim 1 , 4 claim 1 ,4′- ...

OPTICAL FILM, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME, AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY INCLUDING SAME

Disclosed are an optical film, a method for preparing the same, and a liquid crystal display including the same. The optical film is a single film of a non-liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin, and includes: first and second surface part placed on both surfaces of the film in a thickness direction; and an inner part of the film placed between the first and second surface part, wherein the first and second surface part are not aligned with a tilt in the thickness direction, and the inner part of the film is aligned with a tilt in the thickness direction. 1. An optical film being a single film of a non-liquid crystalline thermoplastic resin , comprising:first and second surface part placed on both surfaces of the film in a thickness direction; andan inner part of the film placed between the first surface part and the second surface part,wherein the first and second surface part are not aligned with a tilt in the thickness direction, and the inner part of the film is aligned with a tilt in the thickness direction.2. The optical film according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second surface part has a thickness of 1 μm to 20 μm from the surface thereof.3. The optical film according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second surface part occupy 1% to 30% of a total thickness of the optical film.4. The optical film according to claim 1 , wherein the inner part of the film have a film β angle of 5° to 35° claim 1 , as defined as an angle at which transmittance under crossed nicols is minimized.5. The optical film according to claim 1 , wherein the inner part of the film have a thickness of 5 μm to 100 μm.6. The optical film according to claim 4 , wherein the inner part of the film has a ratio of a maximum β angle (β1) to a minimum β angle (β2) (β1/β2) of 1:1 to 7:1.7. The optical film according to claim 4 , wherein the thermoplastic resin comprises at least one of cycloolefin resins claim 4 , polycarbonate resins claim 4 , polyolefin resins claim 4 , aromatic ...

Polarizer protection film, polarizing plate including same, and display device including said polarizing plate

A polarizer protective film, a polarizing plate including the same, and a display device including the polarizing plate are provided. In the polarizer protective film, when a refractive index in an in-plane slow axis direction is defined as nx and a refractive index in an in-plane fast axis direction is defined as ny, an (nx−ny) value is in a range of about 0 to less than about 0.01.

COMPOUNDS ANTAGONIZING A3 ADENOSINE RECEPTOR, METHOD FOR PREPARING THEM, AND MEDICAL-USE THEREOF

The present disclosure provides compounds useful in the amelioration, prevention or treatment of A3 adenosine receptor mediated diseases, such as glaucoma and glaucoma-related ocular disorders, having the structure of Formula I as defined in the detailed description; pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one of the compounds; and methods for ameliorating, preventing or treating A3 adenosine receptor mediated diseases using the compound. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris NRRor CRRR claim 1 , wherein said R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare each independently H claim 1 , C1-6 alkyl claim 1 , substituted C1-6 alkyl claim 1 , C3-7 cycloalkyl claim 1 , substituted C3-7 cycloalkyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , substituted aryl claim 1 , heteroaryl claim 1 , substituted heteroaryl claim 1 , heterocycle claim 1 , substituted heterocycle claim 1 , heterocycloalkyl claim 1 , substituted heterocycloalkyl claim 1 , or C2-6 alkynyl optionally substituted with aryl or heteroaryl.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is any one selected from the group consisting of(2S,3R,4S)-2-(8-((3-chlorobenzyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazine-3-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-3,4-diol (Compound 1),(2S,3R,4S)-2-(8-(methylamino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-3,4-diol (Compound 2),(2S,3R,4S)-2-(8-(benzylamino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-3,4-diol (Compound 5),(2S,3R,4S)-2-(8-((3-iodobenzyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-3,4-diol (Compound 6),(2S,3R,4S)-2-(8-((cyclopropylmethyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-3,4-diol (Compound 7),(2S,3R,4S)-2-(8-(cyclobutylamino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-3,4-diol (Compound 8),(2S,3R,4S)-2-(8-((3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-3,4-diol (Compound 9),(2S,3R,4S)-2-(8-((thiophen-3-ylmethyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-3-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-3,4- ...

TERMINAL TO CONTROL AUDIO OUTPUT PATH AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AUDIO OUTPUT PATH BETWEEN TERMINALS

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a terminal and a method for controlling an audio output path is provided. The terminal includes: an audio output path setting unit to determine an audio output path for one or more audio data when one or more audio event occurs; an audio output unit to output a first audio data in a first audio output path; and a data communication unit to transmit one or more audio data other than the first audio data to external terminal(s) by setting a second audio output path. 1. A source terminal to control an audio output path , the source terminal comprising:an event executing unit to execute an event comprising at least an audio data;an audio data acquiring unit to acquire the audio data, the audio data being output via a first audio output path; andan audio output path setting unit to set a second audio output path to output the audio data, the second audio output path being different from the first audio output path.2. The source terminal of claim 1 , further comprising:a display unit to display a list including the source terminal and one or more sink terminals connected to the source terminal available to output an audio according to the event.3. The source terminal of claim 2 , wherein the audio output path setting unit sets the audio output path according to a user selection from the displayed list.4. The source terminal of claim 2 , wherein the audio output path setting unit sets the audio output path according to audio output information of the source terminal and the one or more sink terminals and a priority level.5. The source terminal of claim 4 , wherein the audio output information comprises at least one of an audio output status claim 4 , an audio codec type claim 4 , an audio output performance ability claim 4 , an audio output event type claim 4 , and an audio type.6. The source terminal of claim 2 , further comprising:an audio feedback unit to indicate occurrence of an error in output of the ...

ELECTROLYTE AND SECONDARY BATTERY INCLUDING THE ELECTROLYTE

An electrolyte includes an organic solvent and a cyclic ester compound that is substituted with a sulfonate group. 1. An electrolyte , comprising:a cyclic ester compound substituted with a sulfonate group; andan organic solvent.4. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 2 , wherein:{'sub': 1', '2, 'Aand Aare each oxygen (O),'}7. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 6 , wherein:in Formulae 5 and 6, X is hydrogen, a halogen, or a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group, and{'sub': 3', '4', '5, 'in Formulae 5 to 8, R, R, and Reach independently are a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 alkyl group'}8. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:an amount of the cyclic ester compound is in a range of 0.01 wt % to 20 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte.9. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the organic solvent includes at least one selected from a carbonate-based solvent, an ester-based solvent, an ether-based solvent, a ketone-based solvent, an alcohol-based solvent, and an aprotic solvent.10. The electrolyte as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a lithium salt.11. A secondary battery comprising the electrolyte as claimed in .12. The secondary battery as claimed in claim 10 , wherein:the secondary battery operates at a voltage range of 2.8 V to 4.6 V.13. The secondary battery as claimed in claim 10 , whereinthe secondary battery is a lithium secondary battery. Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0010983, filed on Jan. 28, 2016, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “Electrolyte and secondary battery including the electrolyte,” is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.1. FieldEmbodiments relate to an electrolyte and a secondary battery including the electrolyte.2. Description of the Related ArtDue to the advancements of small, high tech devices such as digital cameras, mobile devices, laptops, and computers, demand for lithium secondary batteries as energy sources for such devices is rapidly ...

PEPTIDE NUCLEIC ACID DERIVATIVES WITH GOOD CELL PENETRATION AND STRONG AFFINITY FOR NUCLEIC ACID

The present invention provides a novel class of peptide nucleic acid derivatives, which show good cell penetration and strong binding affinity for nucleic acid. 116-. (canceled) This application is a divisional patent application of allowed application Ser. No. 12/922,322, filed Sep. 13, 2010. Allowed application Ser. No. 12/922,322 is a National Phase filing of International Application No. PCT/KR2009/001256, filed Mar. 13, 2009, which claims priority to Korean Application No. 10-2008-23658, filed Mar. 14, 2008, and Korean Application No. 10-2008-111459, filed Nov. 11, 2008. The entire content of each prior application is hereby incorporated by reference.This application contains a sequence listing, provided as a paper copy, as required under 37 C.F.R. §1.821(c), and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, as required under 37 C.F.R. §1.52(e)(5). A copy of the sequence listing is also provided as required under 37 C.F.R. §1.821(e), as a computer readable form.The present invention relates to peptide nucleic acid derivatives chemically modified to show good cell penetration and strong affinity for nucleic acid.Oligonucleotides have been used for diverse biological purposes including antisense inhibition of gene expression, PCR (polymerase chain reaction), diagnostic analysis by gene chips, and so on. Since oligonucleotides interact in a sequence specific manner with nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, they are quite useful to predictably modulate biological processes involving DNA or RNA within cell. Unlike small molecule drugs, however, oligonucleotides do not readily penetrate mammalian cell membrane, and therefore hardly affect biological processes within cell unless properly modified or formulated to readily penetrate plasma membrane.Proteins mediate diverse cellular functions. It would not be surprising to find that most of currently marketed drugs show therapeutic activity through modulating functions of protein(s). For example, non-steroidal anti- ...

Skin Care Compositions and Methods of Use Thereof

The present disclosure provides a mixture of sugar apple and rosemary extracts, optionally in combination with prickly ash extract, for use as skin care compositions. 160-. (canceled)63Annona. The method of claim 61 , wherein the composition comprises an extract enriched for one or more acetogenins.64AnnonaAnnona. The method of claim 63 , wherein the extract is an squamosa extract.65AnnonaAnnona. The method of claim 63 , wherein the extract is an fruit extract.66Annona. The method of claim 61 , wherein the extract is decolorized.67Annona. The method of claim 63 , wherein the extract is enriched for squamocin claim 63 , motrilin claim 63 , or both.68Annona. The method of claim 63 , wherein the extract comprises from about 0.1% to about 30% acetogenins.69. The method of claim 63 , wherein the composition further comprises an adjuvant.70. The method of claim 69 , wherein the adjuvant comprises a contouring agent claim 69 , a skin toner claim 69 , a lipolysis promoting agent claim 69 , a circulation improving agent claim 69 , or any combination thereof.71. The method of claim 70 , wherein the contouring agent comprises collagen claim 70 , elastin claim 70 , or both.72. The method of claim 70 , wherein the skin toner comprises sacred lotus extract claim 70 , celosia cristata claim 70 , baccharis claim 70 , aquatic mint claim 70 , Chinese black tea claim 70 , lycopene claim 70 , hyaluronic acid claim 70 , lemon claim 70 , lemon essential oil claim 70 , lemon essential oil combined with caffeine claim 70 , salicylic acid claim 70 , essential oils of juniper berries claim 70 , geranium claim 70 , rosemary claim 70 , kola aut claim 70 , caffeine claim 70 , bladderwrack marine algae claim 70 , punica granatum claim 70 , DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol) claim 70 , levan molecules claim 70 , avocado seed extract claim 70 , pea extract claim 70 , Vitamin E claim 70 , or any combination thereof.73Zingiber zerumbet. The method of claim 70 , wherein the lipolysis promoting agent ...

SOCIAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT METHOD AND SYSTEM ADAPTED THERETO

A social information management method and system designate a plurality of mobile devices as a group list of mobile devices that share the information based on a social network; create social information in a mobile device, by registering an item selected or input to the mobile device while the mobile device operates a user function; and shares the social information with the mobile devices in the information sharing group list. 1. A social information management method comprising:designating a plurality of mobile devices as an information sharing group list of mobile devices that share social information based on a social network;creating the social information in at least one of the mobile devices, by registering at least one item selected or input using the at least one mobile device while the at least one mobile device operates a user function; andsharing the social information with the other mobile devices of the plurality of mobile devices in the information sharing group list.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein sharing the social information comprises:transmitting social information from the at least one mobile device to a server, wherein the server allows the plurality of mobile devices to share their respective social information with each other in the information sharing group list; andtransmitting the social information from the server to the other mobile devices in the information sharing group list, other than the at least one mobile device.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:updating the social information;wherein the updating of the social information comprises at least one of the following:entering additional information associated with the at least one previously registered item;deleting the at least one previously registered item;correcting item information regarding the at least one previously registered item; andregistering a new item in the social information.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:sharing the updated social ...

RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAM AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

A rigid polyurethane foam which is a polymerization product of a composition including a concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin, a polyol, and an isocyanate, and a method of preparing the rigid polyurethane foam. 1. A rigid polyurethane foam which is a polymerization product of a composition comprising a concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin , a polyol , and an isocyanate.2. The rigid polyurethane foam of claim 1 , wherein concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin is a lignin separated from a hydrolysate obtained by hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass with a concentrated acid.3. The rigid polyurethane foam of claim 2 , wherein the concentrated acid is selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid claim 2 , sulfuric acid claim 2 , nitric acid claim 2 , and a Lewis acid.4. The rigid polyurethane foam of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin is 1 wt % to 40 wt % based on a total weight of a mixture of the polyol and the concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin.5. The rigid polyurethane foam of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin is 10 wt % to 30 wt % based on a total weight of a mixture of the polyol and the concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin.6. The rigid polyurethane foam of claim 1 , wherein a hydroxyl value of the concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin is within a hydroxyl value range of the polyol for rigid polyurethane foam.7. The rigid polyurethane foam of claim 1 , wherein a hydroxyl value of the concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin is from 300 mg KOH/g to 500 mg KOH/g.8. An article comprising the rigid polyurethane foam according to .9. A method of preparing a rigid polyurethane foam claim 1 , the method comprising reacting concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin claim 1 , a polyol claim 1 , and an isocyanate in the presence of a foam stabilizing agent claim 1 , a catalyst claim 1 , and a foaming agent.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the reacting of the concentrated acid hydrolytic lignin claim 9 , ...

Skin Care Compositions and Methods of Use Thereof

The present disclosure provides a mixture of sugar apple and rosemary extracts, optionally in combination with prickly ash extract, for use as skin care compositions. 130-. (canceled)33Annona. The method of claim 31 , wherein the composition comprises an extract enriched for one or more acetogenins.34AnnonaAnnona squamosa. The method of claim 33 , wherein the extract is an extract.35AnnonaAnnona. The method of claim 33 , wherein the extract is an fruit extract.36Annona. The method of claim 31 , wherein the extract is decolorized.37Annona. The method of claim 33 , wherein the extract is enriched for squamocin claim 33 , motrilin claim 33 , or both.38Annona. The method of claim 33 , wherein the extract comprises from about 0.1% to about 30% acetogenins.39. The method of claim 33 , wherein the composition further comprises an adjuvant.40. The method of claim 39 , wherein the adjuvant comprises a contouring agent claim 39 , a skin toner claim 39 , a lipolysis promoting agent claim 39 , a circulation improving agent claim 39 , or any combination thereof.41. The method of claim 40 , wherein the contouring agent comprises collagen claim 40 , elastin claim 40 , or both.42. The method of claim 40 , wherein the skin toner comprises sacred lotus extract claim 40 , celosia cristata claim 40 , baccharis claim 40 , aquatic mint claim 40 , Chinese black tea claim 40 , lycopene claim 40 , hyaluronic acid claim 40 , lemon claim 40 , lemon essential oil claim 40 , lemon essential oil combined with caffeine claim 40 , salicylic acid claim 40 , essential oils of juniper berries claim 40 , geranium claim 40 , rosemary claim 40 , kola aut claim 40 , caffeine claim 40 , bladderwrack marine algae claim 40 , punica granatum claim 40 , DMAE (dimethylaminoethanol) claim 40 , levan molecules claim 40 , avocado seed extract claim 40 , pea extract claim 40 , Vitamin E claim 40 , or any combination thereof.43globularia cordifoliaZingiber zerumbet. The method of claim 40 , wherein the lipolysis ...

NEAR-INFRARED ABSORBING COMPOSITION, OPTICAL STRUCTURE, AND CAMERA MODULE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME

Disclosed are a near-infrared absorbing composition, an optical structure, and a camera module and an electronic device including the same. The near-infrared absorbing composition includes a copper complex represented by Chemical Formula 1. 3. The near-infrared absorbing composition of claim 2 , wherein at least one of Rand Ris the cross-linking functional group.4. The near-infrared absorbing composition of claim 2 , wherein A is phosphorus and both of Rand Rare the cross-linking functional group.6. The near-infrared absorbing composition of claim 5 , wherein Rand Rare independently one of a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group claim 5 , a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20 aryl group claim 5 , a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 heteroaryl group claim 5 , and the cross-linking functional group represented by Chemical Formula Z claim 5 , provided that at least one of Rand Ris the cross-linking functional group represented by Chemical Formula Z claim 5 , and{'sub': '13', 'Ris one of a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C20 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 heteroaryl group.'}8. The near-infrared absorbing composition of claim 1 , wherein the near-infrared absorbing composition further comprises a polymerizable monomer having a thermal polymerization property or a photo-polymerization property.9. The near-infrared absorbing composition of claim 8 , wherein the polymerizable monomer is an acryl-based monomer claim 8 , an epoxy-based monomer claim 8 , or a combination thereof.10. An optical structure comprising a first near-infrared absorption layer formed using the near-infrared absorbing composition of .11. The optical structure of claim 10 , wherein the copper complex is included in an amount of about 50 wt % to about 100 wt % based on a total weight of the first near-infrared absorption layer.12. The optical structure of claim 10 , wherein the first near-infrared ...

OPTICAL FILTERS AND IMAGE SENSORS AND CAMERA MODULES AND ELECTRONIC DEVICES

An optical filter includes a near-infrared absorbing layer including a first material, the first material being configured to absorb light in a first wavelength spectrum belonging to a near-infrared wavelength spectrum. The optical filter includes a compensation layer adjacent to the near-infrared absorbing layer, the compensation layer including a second material different from the first material. The optical filter includes a metamaterial structure spaced apart from the near-infrared absorbing layer via the compensation layer, the metamaterial structure being configured to absorb or reflect light in a second wavelength spectrum at least partially overlapped with the first wavelength spectrum. 1. An optical filter , comprising:a near-infrared absorbing layer including a first material, the first material being configured to absorb light in a first wavelength spectrum within a near-infrared wavelength spectrum,a compensation layer adjacent to the near-infrared absorbing layer, the compensation layer including a second material different from the first material, anda metamaterial structure spaced apart from the near-infrared absorbing layer via the compensation layer, the metamaterial structure being configured to absorb, reflect, and/or scatter light in a second wavelength spectrum at least partially overlapped with the first wavelength spectrum.2. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the metamaterial structure is not in direct contact with the near-infrared absorbing layer.3. The optical filter of claim 1 , whereinthe compensation layer is at a lower portion, an upper portion, or a side portion of the near-infrared absorbing layer, andthe metamaterial structure is embedded in the compensation layer.4. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the compensation layer surrounds the metamaterial structure.5. The optical filter of claim 4 , wherein the metamaterial structure surrounded by the compensation layer is embedded in the near-infrared absorbing layer.6. The ...

COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING OR TREATING MENOPAUSAL DISORDERS, CONTAINING TETRAGONIA TETRAGONOIDES (PALL.) KUNTZE EXTRACT

The present invention relates to: a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating menopausal disorders, containing a (Pall.) Kuntze extract or a fraction thereof; a method for preventing or treating menopausal disorders, comprising a step of administering the pharmaceutical composition; and a food composition containing the extract or a fraction thereof. The (Pall.) Kuntze extract of the present invention shows effects of alleviating obesity, which is representative of glucose metabolism disorders and lipid metabolism disorders, osteoporosis, which is representative of bone homeostasis disorders, and flushing, which is representative of energy metabolism disorders, and thus the extract can be used in food, a medicine and the like so as to prevent, alleviate or treat menopausal disorders. 1Tetragonia tetragonoides. A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating menopausal disorders , comprising a (Pall.) Kuntze extract or a fraction thereof.2. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 ,{'i': 'Tetragonia tetragonoides', 'wherein the (Pall.) Kuntze extract is obtained by performing extraction with at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of water, an alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and a mixed solvent thereof.'}3. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the menopausal disorders include symptoms due to decreased estrogen secretion.4. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 3 ,wherein the symptoms include at least one symptom selected from the group consisting of glucose metabolism disorders, lipid metabolism disorders, bone homeostasis disorders, and energy metabolism disorders.5. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the menopausal disorders are osteoporosis, flushing, or a combination thereof.6. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1 ,wherein the composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.7. A method for ...

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD FOR MOUNTING CHIP AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A printed circuit board for mounting a chip includes: a core layer including a chip mounting cavity; a chip mounted into the chip mounting cavity; a first insulating material layer filled in a space between the chip mounting cavity and the chip; and a second insulating material layer laminated on one surface of the core layer. 113-. (canceled)14. A printed circuit board for mounting a chip , comprising;a core layer including a chip mounting cavity;a chip mounted into the chip mounting cavity;a first insulating material layer filled in a space between the chip mounting cavity and the chip; anda second insulating material layer laminated on one surface of the core layer.15. The printed circuit board of claim 14 , wherein the second insulating material layer is a different kind of insulating material layer from the first insulating material layer.16. The printed circuit board of claim 14 , wherein the first insulating material layer is made of a resin material of a non-glass fabric.17. The printed circuit board of claim 14 , wherein the first insulating material layer does not protrude to an outer part of the core layer.18. The printed circuit board of claim 14 , further comprising:circuit pattern layers on one surface and the other surface of the core layer; anda via hole connecting the circuit pattern layers.19. The printed circuit board of claim 18 , wherein the first insulating material layer is filled in the via hole.20. The printed circuit board of claim 14 , wherein thicknesses from the second insulating material layer to the other surface of the core layer in areas claim 14 , in which the chip mounting cavity is formed claim 14 , and in which the chip mounting cavity is not formed claim 14 , are substantially identical to each other.21. The printed circuit board of claim 14 , further comprising a second circuit pattern layer formed on the second insulating material layer. The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board for ...

OPTICAL FILM AND OLED DISPLAY HAVING THE SAME

An optical film, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, and a method of fabricating an OLED display are provided. An optical film includes: a polarizer; and a protective film on at least one surface of the polarizer, and an in-plane retardation of the protective film is from 0 nm to 300 nm, and a reflectance of the optical film is from 0 to 5%. 1. An optical film comprising:a polarizer; anda protective film on at least one surface of the polarizer,wherein an in-plane retardation of the protective film is from 0 nm to 300 nm, and a reflectance of the optical film is from 0 to 5%.2. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein a thickness retardation of the protective film is from 100 nm to 2500 nm.3. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the protective film is from 10 μm to 40 μm.4. The optical film of claim 1 , wherein the protective film comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET) claim 1 , polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) claim 1 , or a copolymer thereof.5. The optical film of claim 4 , wherein the protective film has a triple co-extruded structure comprising PET claim 4 , PEN claim 4 , or a copolymer thereof.6. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display comprising:a display panel comprising an OLED; anda polarizing plate on at least one surface of the display panel,wherein the polarizing plate comprises a polarizer and a protective film on at least one surface of the polarizer, wherein an in-plane retardation of the protective film is from 0 nm to 300 nm, and a reflectance of the optical film is from 0 to 5%.7. The OLED display of claim 6 , wherein the polarizing plate is arranged on a viewer side of the display panel.8. The OLED display of claim 6 , wherein a thickness retardation of the protective film is from 100 nm to 2500 nm.9. The OLED display of claim 6 , wherein a thickness of the protective film is from 10 μm to 40 μm.10. The OLED display of claim 6 , wherein the protective film comprises PET claim 6 , PEN claim 6 , or a copolymer ...

Alignment layer composition, liquid crystal display including the alignment layer composition, and manufacturing method of the liquid crystal display

An alignment layer composition including a copolymer of a dianhydride compound and a diamine compound, wherein the copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein each of Ar 1 and Ar 2 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms, X is an electron donating group, and is an ester group, wherein “*” indicates a point of attachment to the aromatic groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 .

DESIGN SYSTEM AND METHOD USING AFFORDANCE FEATURE REPOSITORY

A design system using affordance features, the design system is provided. The system includes a storage unit that stores multiple affordances, that is messages that induce natural and efficient corresponding activities of human; a search unit that searches affordance features, that is, the structural entities that provide corresponding affordances, to search conditions set by a user; an output unit that outputs design information corresponding to the affordance features searched by the search unit and design information corresponding to an affordance feature selected by the user on a user interface; and an analogical reasoning unit that performs analogical reasoning on the basis of the design information corresponding to the selected affordance feature and derives a new affordance feature for a predetermined design target to be designed by the user. 1. A design system using affordance features , the design system comprising:a storage unit that stores multiple affordances, one or more affordance features matched with each of the affordances, and design information corresponding to each of the affordance features;a search unit that searches affordance features corresponding to search conditions set by a user;an output unit that outputs design information corresponding to the affordance features searched by the search unit and design information corresponding to an affordance feature selected by the user on a user interface; andan analogical reasoning unit that performs analogical reasoning on the basis of the design information corresponding to the selected affordance feature and derives a new affordance feature for a predetermined design target to be designed by the user,wherein the affordance features are extracted on the basis of the affordances, andthe affordances are identified on the basis of correlations between multiple functions and activities for a pre-analyzed design target.2. The design system of claim 1 ,wherein the search unit searches the affordance ...

A CANCER-TREATING RECOMBINANT PROTEIN THAT IMPROVES THE ACTIVITY OF CYTOTOXIC KILLER CELLS TARGETING CANCER CELLS AND USE THEREOF

A cancer killer cell in which a therapeutic recombinant protein or recombinant protein which improves cytotoxic activity of the cancer killer cell is loaded. In addition, a pharmaceutical composition including the recombinant protein or a recombinant protein-loaded cancer killer cell is disclosed. Further, disclosed is a method for preparing a recombinant protein-loaded cancer killer cell. 1. A recombinant protein for treating cancer consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 , which is loaded in a cancer killer cell to improve cytotoxic activity of the cancer killer cell.2. The recombinant protein of claim 1 , wherein the recombinant protein is further fused with a protein transduction domain (PTD).3. The recombinant protein of claim 2 , wherein the fusion of PTD is by a peptide linker or direct fusion.4. The recombinant protein of claim 1 , capable of stabilizing actin polymerized in an immunological synapse by stimulation of a T-cell antigen receptor.5. The recombinant protein of claim 1 , wherein cytokine expression is increased when the recombinant protein is loaded in the cancer killer cell compared to a control group in which the recombinant protein is not loaded in the cancer killer cell.6. The recombinant protein of claim 5 , wherein the cytokine is at least one of mIL-2 claim 5 , mIFNγ claim 5 , and mGZMB.7. A recombinant protein-loaded cancer killer cell claim 1 , wherein the cancer killer cell comprises the recombinant protein of .8. The recombinant protein-loaded cancer killer cell of claim 7 , wherein the loading of the recombinant protein in the cancer killer cell is performed by:i) transduction of a polynucleotide encoding the recombinant protein consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 by retrovirus.9. A pharmaceutical composition for treating cancer claim 7 , comprising:i) a recombinant protein for treating cancer consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, which is loaded in a cancer killer cell to improve cytotoxic ...

DISPLAY DRIVING IC AND OPERATING METHOD THEREOF

An operating method of a display driving integrated circuit (DDIC) includes correcting first image data using correction data in a first operating mode. The first image data is received from a processor via an interface, and the correction data is stored in a first memory included in the DDIC. The method further includes storing second image data received from the processor in the first memory in response to a mode switching signal controlling the DDIC to switch to a second operating mode, and displaying the second image data on a display panel in the second operating mode. 1. An operating method of a display driving integrated circuit (DDIC) , the operating method comprising:correcting first image data using correction data in a first operating mode,wherein the first image data is received from a processor via an interface, and the correction data is stored in a first memory included in the DDIC;storing second image data received from the processor in the first memory, in response to a mode switching signal controlling the DDIC to switch to a second operating mode; anddisplaying the second image data on a display panel in the second operating mode.2. The operating method of claim 1 , further comprising:updating the second image data with third image data in the second operating mode, wherein the third image data is received from the processor.3. The operating method of claim 1 , wherein the first image data comprises a plurality of frames claim 1 , and the second image data comprises at least one frame claim 1 , among the plurality of frames claim 1 , which is not displayed on the display panel.4. The operating method of claim 1 , further comprising:deactivating the interface in response to the mode switching signal controlling the DDIC to switch to the second operating mode.5. The operating method of claim 1 , wherein a frequency of an operating clock for the interface in the second operating mode is lower than a frequency of an operating clock for the interface ...

Composition for Preventing and Treating Acetaminophen Inducing Hepatotoxicity Containing TNP(N2-(m-Trifluorobenzyl), N6-(p-nitrobenzyl)purine) as an Effective Ingredient

The present invention relates to a composition for the prevention and treatment of liver toxicity originated from acetaminophen comprising TNP (N2-(m-Trifluorobenzyl), N6-(p-nitrobenzyl)purine) as an active ingredient. The present inventors confirmed that TNP known as a 5-inosito pyrophosphate inhibitor suppressed apoptosis caused by acetaminophen in human embryonic stem cell-derived liver cells, mouse liver cells, and human hepatoma cell lines, up-regulated glutathione converted in liver cells, and inhibited JNK phosphorylation that is a kind of response against stress increased by acetaminophen. The inventors further confirmed that TNP had the activity of protecting liver cells from the toxicity caused by acetaminophen in an animal model. Therefore, TNP can be efficiently used as an active ingredient for a composition for the prevention and treatment of liver toxicity caused by acetaminophen. 117-. (canceled)18. A method for treating liver toxicity comprising the step of administering a pharmaceutically effective dose of TNP (N2-(m-Trifluorobenzyl) , N6-(p-nitrobenzyl)purine) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need of treatment.20. The method for treating liver toxicity according to claim 18 , wherein said TNP suppresses apoptosis caused by acetaminophen (AP).21. The method for treating liver toxicity according to claim 19 , wherein said TNP increases the level of glutathione (GSH) in liver cells.22. The method for treating liver toxicity according to claim 18 , wherein said TNP suppresses a stress response increased by acetaminophen.23. A method for treating liver disease comprising the step of administering a pharmaceutically effective dose of TNP (N2-(m-Trifluorobenzyl) claim 18 , N6-(p-nitrobenzyl)purine) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a subject in need of treatment.24. The method for treating liver disease according to claim 23 , wherein the liver disease is selected from the group consisting of fulminant hepatic ...

METHOD OF MANAGING TOKEN AND SERVER FOR PERFORMING THE SAME

A method of managing a token and a server for performing the same are provided. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to easily authenticate a counterpart device using a one-time key H(T) for a D2D communication between a first device and a second device, without using a separate secure channel (e.g., secure sockets layer (SSL), transport layer security (TLS), or the like) in an environment where it is difficult to synchronize the first device with the second device without intervention of a server. 1. A server comprising: [ generate, upon receiving an policy, a key token associated with a validity period, and', 'obtain a plurality of first hash values by hashing the key token a number of times up to a maximum count;, 'a token manager configured to, 'a first device manager configured to transmit the plurality of first hash values and information about the maximum count to a first device; and', 'a second device manager configured to transmit an initial hash value of the key token and the information about the maximum count to a second device,', 'wherein the token manager is further configured to, based on at least one of the validity period, a value of the maximum count, and the policy:', 'discard either or both of the key token and the maximum count., 'at least one processor configured to implement2. The server of claim 1 , wherein the first device manager is further configured to transmit the plurality of first hash values to the second device one by one in a reverse order of a generation of the plurality of first hash values claim 1 , and wherein the token manager is further configured to:receive, when a value of a first maximum count stored at the first device is smaller than or equal to a set value and the validity period is more than a set period, a request from the first device to update the key token and the first maximum count, and to update the key token and the first maximum count at the first device in response to the ...

MEMORY DEVICE HAVING A PLURALITY OF LOW POWER STATES

A method and memory device of controlling a plurality of low power states are provided. The method includes: entering a low power mode state, in which memory cell rows of the memory device are refreshed and power consumption is lower than in a self-refresh mode state, in response to a low power state entry command; and exiting the low power mode state based on a low power mode exit latency time that is set in a mode register of the memory device or at least one of an alarm signal and a low power mode exit command. 1. A method of controlling a power state of a memory device , the method comprising:entering a self-refresh mode in response to a self-refresh mode entry command, in which memory cell rows of the memory device are self-refreshed in the self-refresh mode;transitioning from the self-refresh mode to a low power mode in response to a low power mode entry command, in which the memory cell rows of the memory device are continuously self-refreshed in the low power mode; andtransitioning from the low power mode to a self-refresh power down mode in response to a trigger signal, in which the memory cell rows of the memory device are continuously self-refreshed in the self-refresh power down mode,wherein the low power mode has lower power consumption than the self-refresh mode and the self-refresh power down mode, and the self-refresh power down mode has lower power consumption than the self-refresh mode.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:receiving the trigger signal through one of a plurality of pins of the memory device, to which signals used for operations of the memory device are applied.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:transitioning from the self-refresh mode to the self-refresh power down mode in response to a logic low of a clock enable signal; andtransitioning from the self-refresh power down mode to the self-refresh mode in response to a logic high of the clock enable signal.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:automatically ...

DRUG CARRIER HAVING SELF-ASSEMBLED 3-D NUCLEIC ACID NANOSTRUCTURE

The present invention relates to a molecule delivery technology and a carrier technology, which may selectively deliver a material to a desired specific cell and living tissue. The present invention may be utilized in the field of a drug carrier which effectively delivers an imaging probe and a therapeutic agent to an affected part. 1. A method of in vivo delivering a pharmaceutically active ingredient selectively to cancer tissue , comprising administering a self-assembled 3-D nucleic acid nanostructure as a drug carrier to a subject in need thereof ,wherein the self-assembled 3-D nucleic acid nanostructure comprises double strand nucleic acids including a hybridization region in which a single strand and a single strand are hybridized; the single strands form the sides of the self-assembled 3-D nucleic acid nanostructure; and the number of the single strands is 4 or more,wherein the drug carrier has an L-DNA tetrahedron structure composed of 4 strands of L-DNA 55 mer,wherein the drug carrier does not comprise a targeting ligand for the tissue, andwherein each of the single strands consists of an L-DNA nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 15 to 19.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically active ingredient is an anticancer agent.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically active ingredient encapsulated within the nucleic acid nanostructure or bonded to the backbone of the nucleic acid nanostructure claim 1 , and thereby delivered to the tissue.4. A method of in vivo selective delivering an anticancer agent comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising a self-assembled 3-D nucleic acid nanostructure drug carrier; and the anticancer agent to a subject in need thereof claim 1 , wherein the self-assembled 3-D nucleic acid nanostructure comprises double strand nucleic acids including a hybridization region in which a single strand and a single strand are hybridized; the single strands form the ...

METHOD FOR PROJECTING IMAGE AND ROBOT IMPLEMENTING THE SAME

Disclosed is a robot projecting an image that selects a projection area in a space based on at least one of first information related to content of an image to be projected and second information related to a user viewing the image to be projected, and projects the image to the projection area. 1. A robot , comprising:a motor assembly configured to move the robot in a space;a projector configured to project an image; and [ first information including type information of the image to be projected, and', 'second information related to a user to view the image,, 'select a projection area in the space based on the following, 'control the motor assembly, and', 'control the projector to project the image to the projection area., 'a controller configured to2. The robot of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to control the motor assembly to move the robot to a first position to project the image to the projection area claim 1 , andwherein a screen size of the image is determined according to at least one of the following: a distance between the projection area and the first position of the robot, a position of the projection area, and a number of users in the space.3. The robot of claim 2 , further comprising:a camera to obtain an omni-directional image of the space; anda microphone to receive a voice signal from the user,wherein the controller is further configured to calculate the number of the users based on the obtained omni-directional image and the received voice signal.4. The robot of claim 1 ,wherein the controller is further configured to select one of the following as the projection area when the type information indicates that the image is a video call: a projectable area of the space positioned closest to the user, and a projectable area of the space positioned closest to the robot.5. The robot of claim 4 , wherein the second information includes at least one of the following: position information of the user claim 4 , a face direction of the ...

Method for displaying image and mobile robot implementing same

Disclosed herein are a method for displaying images and a robot implementing the same. The robot includes a communicator that communicates with a plurality of display devices in a space, and a controller selects a first display device, among the plurality of display devices, based on at least one of a location of a robot in the space, a situation of a user of the robot, the type of an image, and state information on the plurality of display devices, where the communicator transmits the image to the first display device and the transmitted image is executed on the first display device.

Derivados de acido nucleico peptidico con buena penetracion celular y fuerte afinidad por acido nucleico.

La presente invención proporciona una clase novedosa de derivados de ácido nucleico peptídicos, los cuales muestran buena penetración celular y fuerte afinidad de unión por ácido nucleico. (Ver fórmula I).

Composition for treating pain

A composition useful for alleviating or treating pain and uses thereof are disclosed. The composition containing glutamate decarboxylase and a gene coding for an anti-inflammatory cytokine. A method for alleviating or treating pain of a subject includes administering the composition to the subject.

Leukemia diagnostic kit targeting prohibitin gene and diagnostic method using same

A leukemia diagnostic kit may be an RT-PCR kit enabling expression levels of prohibitin-1 and prohibitin-2 to be checked in a leukemia patient specimen, wherein the accuracy and the reproducibility of leukemia diagnosis of the kit are higher than those of a conventional RT-PCR kit, thereby being useful as a kit for diagnosing leukemia, examining residual lesions and evaluating therapeutic effects.

Method and device for converting three-dimensional image using depth map information

One embodiment of the present invention relates to a method and a apparatus for converting a three-dimensional image using depth map information. The apparatus comprise a depth map estimation unit which estimates the depth map information for each pixel present in each frame of input image data, a depth map application unit which moves each pixel by the depth map information in the X-axis direction, a 3D image interpolation unit which, when a blank pixel occurs in the frame due to the movement, forms an interpolated pixel in the blank pixel by applying a weight to adjacent pixels of the blank pixel, and a 3D image rendering processing unit which renders a left-eye image and a right-eye image to which the interpolated pixel is applied.

Optical method and apparatus for red blood cell differentiation on a cell-by-cell basis, and simultaneous analysis of white blood cell differentiation

Methods and apparatus are disclosed for determining the volume, hemoglobin concentration, maturity and cell shape of mammalian red blood cells in a whole blood sample and simultaneously monitoring system standardization. Methods for distinguishing red blood cells from other cellular particles, prior to the red blood cell analysis are also disclosed. Red blood cells are passed through a beam of light in single file at a selected wavelength, obtaining an initial cytogram by means of the resultant magnitude of one light loss signal and one forward angle light scatter signal at a selected angular interval and a third side angle light scatter or two forward angle light scatter signals at a selected angular intervals and a third side-angle light scatter signal, projecting the cytogram, point by point, onto a pre-calibrated 3-dimensional surface containing grid lines of volume and hemoglobin concentration and determining accurate values of cell volume and hemoglobin concentration.

ELECTRICAL SECTOR

Display driving IC and operating method thereof

An operating method of a display driving integrated circuit (DDIC) includes correcting first image data using correction data in a first operating mode. The first image data is received from a processor via an interface, and the correction data is stored in a first memory included in the DDIC. The method further includes storing second image data received from the processor in the first memory in response to a mode switching signal controlling the DDIC to switch to a second operating mode, and displaying the second image data on a display panel in the second operating mode.

Height-adjustable three-wheeled chair

The present invention provides a height-adjustable three-wheeled chair, which can allow a user sitting on a seat thereof to move left and right along a furrow of a cultivated field, adjusting the level of the seat according to the surface gradient of the cultivated field, thus allowing the user to do farm work easily and conveniently. For this purpose, the present invention provides a height-adjustable three-wheeled chair, characterized in that a height-adjusting device for moving up and down a seat mounted on the top of the height-adjusting device is built in a main frame located at the bottom center of the seat to adjust the height of the seat, a running wheel is mounted on a wheel axle disposed on an upper front surface of the main frame, a pair of lifting wheels is mounted on an auxiliary frame assembled at the rear of the main frame by means of an insertion rod and a height-adjusting pipe, the insertion rod being vertically installed on an upper end of the main frame, and the height-adjusting pipe being vertically installed on the auxiliary frame and inserted downward into the outside of the insertion rod, such that the height-adjusting pipe is height-adjustably fixed to the insertion rod, thus adjusting and fixing the height of the auxiliary frame and the lifting wheels.

Thermoplastic copolymer resin having excellent flame retardancy and transparency and preparation method therefor

The present invention relates to a thermoplastic copolymer resin having an excellent flame retardancy and transparency and a preparation method therefor and, more particularly, to a thermoplastic copolymer resin having an excellent balance of physical properties such as a transparency, a fluidity, a low temperature impact strength as well as a flame retardancy, a preparation method therefor, and a molded article comprising the thermoplastic copolymer resin, in which the thermoplastic copolymer resin is obtained by copolymerizing polysiloxane having a particular structure and a branched polycarbonate oligomer.

Thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer comprising anhydrosugar alcohol derivative and method for preparing same

The present invention relates to a thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer (TPEE) having a hard segment and a soft segment and a method for preparing the same and, more specifically, to a thermoplastic polyether ester elastomer and a method for preparing the same, wherein a unit derived from an anhydrosugar alcohol derivative with improved reactivity derived from biomass is contained in the soft segment, and thus through the adjustment of the content of the anhydrosugar alcohol derivative, elastic characteristics and physical characteristics (for example, hardness, etc.), which are important characteristics of an elastomer, can be favorably maintained, the melting point variously required in the molding process of a final product can be easily controlled, a problem of depletion of, especially, petroleum resources as finite resources, can be solved, and environmental friendliness can be improved.

Multitasking method and mobile terminal enabled with the same

A multitasking method and mobile terminal enabled with the multitasking method are provided for executing, while a function is running, another function. The multitasking-enabled mobile terminal includes an input unit for receiving a user command; a decision unit for determining, if a command for activating an additional function is input through the input unit while at least one previously activated function operates, whether the additional function can run at the same time with the previously activated function; a control unit for activating, if the decision unit determines that the additional function can operate at the same time with the previously activated functions, the second function; and a display unit for displaying operation status of the additional and previously activated functions on a screen.

CYANIDE-FREE REAGENT AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING HEMOGLOBIN

System and method for displaying pages on mobile device

An apparatus and method is provided that allows users to easily and rapidly search and locate parts of pages in an e-book that they have read, even though the form of pages has changed. The apparatus and method for displaying pages on an electronic mobile device includes: displaying at least one page of a plurality of pages of an e-book; detecting the presence of an event; changing the form of the displayed pages to a form corresponding to the detected event; and displaying the difference between the forms before and after the change.

Method for simultaneous analysis of cell viability, nucleated red blood cells and white blood cell differential

Simultaneous and quantitative, flow cytometric analysis method of determining nucleated red blood cells (NRBC), white blood cells (WBC), damaged WBC and a WBC differential (WBC/Diff) utilizing a triple trigger AND/OR logic.

Mobile terminal and information display method

A mobile terminal includes a display unit to display information processed by the mobile terminal, the display unit comprising a touch panel; and a control unit to control the display to display first information in a first direction if a first drag is detected and to display second information in a second direction different from the first direction while the first information is displayed if a second drag is detected. An information display method for a mobile terminal includes displaying first information in a first direction in response to a first drag; and displaying second information in a second direction different from the first direction in response to a second drag while the first information is displayed.

Compositions and methods for joint health

The present disclosure provides mixtures of prenylated flavonoids, stilbenes, or both with flavans or curcuminoids or both capable of modulating joint inflammation, joint pain, joint stiffness, cartilage degradation, or improving mobility, range of motion, flexibility, joint physical function, or any combination thereof. Such a mixture of prenylated flavonoids, stilbenes, or both with flavans or curcuminoids or both can optionally be used in combination with other joint management agents, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics, COX/LOX inhibiting agents, glucosamine compounds, neuropathic pain relief agents, or the like.

Method and apparatus for performing automated analysis

A device for analyzing a whole blood sample is provided. The device comprises a conventional hematology analyzer integrated with a fluorescence cyometry analyzer. A controller is provided for controlling the analyzers, obtaining and utilizing data from both and reporting a quantitative result. Methods are also provided for analyzing a whole blood sample. One such method comprises the steps of performing on a single instrument an analysis of impedance associated with the blood sample, an analysis of light scatter associated with the blood sample, and an analysis of fluorescence associated with the blood sample. Data is collected and utilized. A result is reported.

Semiconductor package and method of manufacturing the same

Disclosed is a semiconductor package and a method of manufacturing the same. The semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip that includes metal pads provided on a predetermined area of an upper side of a semiconductor substrate, where element structures used to manufacture a semiconductor element are formed, and bump electrodes connected to the metal pads; and a passivation film that is provided on an entire surface of the semiconductor chip other than upper surface of the bump electrodes. Therefore, it is possible to avoid difficulties in performing an epoxy underfill process used in a conventional flip chip bonding, and complexity and high cost resulting from the use of a molding compound process and a solder ball process. It is also possible to prevent damages to the lateral surface of the semiconductor chip due to an absence of the passivation film on the lateral surface of the semiconductor chip in a conventional wafer level package.

Tagging method and apparatus of portable terminal

A tagging method and apparatus of a portable terminal in which, if particular content is edited, only second tag information corresponding to the edited content is extracted and then automatically tagged to the edited content. The second tag information is part of the first tag information corresponding to a photography subject contained in the particular content.

Method and apparatus for inputting characters in mobile communication terminal

A method and apparatus which efficiently inputs characters through a touch screen in a mobile communication terminal is provided. The method, for inputting characters through a touch screen in a mobile communication terminal, includes displaying a virtual keyboard including a plurality of keyboard keys on the touch screen in response to a character input request, inputting an input signal through the touch screen; and inputting a corresponding character, if the input signal is a click signal. If the input signal is a drag signal, the virtual keyboard is moved. Therefore, the character input method and apparatus display a virtual keyboard that is greater than the touch screen and thus reduce the user character input errors.

Buffer amplifier with minimized power consumption and display driver including the same

A buffer amplifier includes an input stage and an output stage. The input stage has input high and low power voltages applied thereon for generating at least one transmission signal from an input signal. The output stage has output high and low power voltages applied thereon for generating an output signal from the at least one transmission signal. A first difference between the output high and low power voltages is less than a second difference between the input high and low power voltages for reducing the dynamic power consumption of the output stage.