METHOD OF IMPARTING COMPRESSIVE RESIDUAL STRESS TO BALLS

A method of imparting compressive residual stress to a first plurality of balls includes a) placing the balls between a first body having a first surface and a second body having a second surface, the first surface including a smooth contact portion, the smooth contact portion being substantially flat or convex and having a surface hardness greater than or equal to an initial surface hardness of the balls, b) imparting a compressive stress along a first diameter of the balls by pressing the first body toward the second body or the second body toward the first body or the first and second bodies toward one another with a force, and c) causing relative movement between the first surface and the second surface while maintaining the force at or above a minimum level to impart the compressive stress along other diameters of the balls different than the first diameter. 1. A method of imparting compressive residual stress to at least a surface portion of a first plurality of balls , the balls having an initial surface hardness , the method comprising:a) placing the first plurality of balls between a first body having a first surface and a second body having a second surface, the first surface including a smooth contact portion, the smooth contact portion being substantially flat or convex and having a surface hardness greater than or equal to the initial surface hardness of the balls,b) imparting a compressive stress along a first diameter of the first plurality of balls by pressing the first body toward the second body or the second body toward the first body or the first and second bodies toward one another with a force, andc) causing relative movement between the first surface and the second surface while maintaining the force at or above a minimum level to impart the compressive stress along other diameters of the first plurality of balls different than the first diameter.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contact surface is substantially planar.3. The method of ...

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING COMPRESSIVE RESIDUAL STRESS IN BALLS

An apparatus for imparting compressive residual stress to at least a surface portion of a first plurality of balls includes a first body having a first surface, the first surface including a smooth contact portion, the smooth contact portion being substantially flat or convex and having a surface hardness greater than or equal to the initial surface hardness of the balls. The apparatus also includes a second body having a second surface, the first surface overlying the second surface, and at least one drive operably connected to the first body or to the second body and configured to move one of the first and second bodies relative to the other body at a substantially fixed distance, the at least one drive also being configured to move the first body toward the second body with a force or to move the second body toward the first body with the force.

Removable cover system

A removable cover system may include a first cover member and a second cover member joined by an adjustable pivot system that is adjustable to accommodate different seat/headrest and windshield positions across a diverse spectrum of car designs and models. A removable connection may secure the cover system to an automobile windshield and a seat back or headrest member. During use, the cover system provides a convenient shield from sun radiation and post use may be conveniently stored without rendering a permanent change to the automobile. The cover members of the system may be opaque, translucent, and/or transparent.

ELECTRICAL-ASSISTED DOUBLE SIDE INCREMENTAL FORMING AND PROCESSES THEREOF

A process for forming a sheet metal component using an electric current passing through the component is provided. The process can include providing a double side incremental forming machine, the machine operable to perform a plurality of double side incremental deformations on the sheet metal component and also apply an electric direct current to the sheet metal component during at least part of the forming. The direct current can be applied before or after the forming has started and/or be terminated before or after the forming has stopped. The direct current can be applied to any portion of the sheet metal. The electrical assistance can reduce the magnitude of force required to produce a given amount of deformation, increase the amount of deformation exhibited before failure and/or reduce any springback typically exhibited by the sheet metal component. 1. A process for forming a piece of sheet metal while passing an electrical direct current through at least part of the piece of sheet metal , the process comprising:providing a piece of sheet metal to be formed;providing a computer numerical controlled machine, the machine having a pair of oppositely disposed arcuate tipped tools and being operable to move at least one of the arcuate tipped tools a predetermined distance in a predetermined direction and producing a double side incremental deformation to the piece of sheet metal;providing a support structure dimensioned to rigidly hold at least part of the piece of sheet metal;attaching the piece of sheet metal to the support structure;providing an electric current source operable to pass electrical direct current through at least part of the piece of sheet metal;forming the sheet metal component with a plurality of double side incremental deformations using the pair of arcuate tipped tools;passing the electrical direct current through at least part of the metal component during at least part of the time the piece of sheet metal is being formed.2. The process of ...

Assay for vitamin b12 absorption and method of making labeled vitamin b12

The invention provides methods for labeling vitamin B12 with 14 C, 13 C, tritium, and deuterium. When radioisotopes are used, the invention provides for methods of labeling B12 with high specific activity. The invention also provides labeled vitamin B12 compositions made in accordance with the invention.

2,6-DIHALO-5-ALKOXY-4-SUBSTITUTED-PYRIMIDINES, PYRIMIDINE- CARBALDEHYDES, AND METHODS OF FORMATION AND USE

2,6-Dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-pyrimdine carbaldehydes, and derivatives of each are useful intermediates in forming potent herbicides that demonstrate a broad spectrum of weed control. These compounds are disclosed, as are methods of forming and using these compounds. 2. The compound of in which Xrepresents chlorine.3. The compound of in which Q represents methoxy.4. The compound of in which Rrepresents vinylic.6. The compound of in which Xrepresents chlorine.7. The compound of in which Q represents methoxy.8. A method of farming a 2 claim 5 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-pyrimdine-4-carbaldehyde comprising reacting a 2 claim 5 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted pyrimidine with an oxidant.9. The method of wherein reacting a 2 claim 8 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted pyrimidine with an oxidant comprises reacting the 2 claim 8 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted pyrimidine with ozone.10. The method of wherein reacting a 2 claim 8 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted pyrimidine with an oxidant comprises reacting a 2 claim 8 ,6-dichloro-5-methoxy-4-vinylic pyrimidine with ozone to form a 2 claim 8 ,6-dichloro-5-methoxy-pyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde.11. A method of forming a 2 claim 8 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted pyrimidine comprising:reacting a 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy pyrimidine with an organometallic halide reagent to form a 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-3-(metal-halo or metal) pyrimidine; andoxidizing the 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-3-(metal-halo or metal) pyrimidine to form the 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted pyrimidine.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein reacting a 2 claim 11 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy pyrimidine with an organometallic reagent comprises reacting a 2 claim 11 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy pyrimidine with a Grignard reagent.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein reacting a 2 claim 12 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy pyrimidine with a Grignard reagent comprises reacting a 2 claim 12 ,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy pyrimidine with a vinyl magnesium bromide.14. The method of ...

ENGINE UTILIZING A PLURALITY OF CONTROL VALVES, AND A RELATED METHOD THEREOF

In accordance with the embodiments of the present invention, an engine is disclosed. The engine includes at least one donor cylinder and at least one non-donor cylinder coupled to an intake manifold feeding intake air and an exhaust manifold. The exhaust manifold is configured to carry an engine exhaust emission from the donor cylinder and the non-donor cylinder. The engine also includes an exhaust gas recirculation manifold extending from the donor cylinder to the intake manifold for recirculating a donor cylinder exhaust emission from the donor cylinder to the donor, and non-donor cylinders via the intake manifold. The engine further includes an after-treatment system and a sensor configured to sense a temperature of the engine exhaust emission and a device configured to receive a sensing signal from the sensor and to control a parameter of the engine and a component of the engine in response to the sensing signal. 1. An engine , comprising:at least one donor cylinder coupled to an intake manifold; wherein said intake manifold is configured to feed an intake air to said at least one donor cylinder and wherein said donor cylinder is configured to combust a mixture of said intake air and a first supply of a combustion fuel;at least one non-donor cylinder coupled to said intake manifold and an exhaust manifold; wherein said intake manifold is further configured to feed said intake air to said at least one non-donor cylinder; wherein said non-donor cylinder is configured to combust a mixture of said intake air and a second supply of said combustion fuel; and wherein said exhaust manifold is configured to carry an engine exhaust emission from said at least one donor cylinder and said at least one non-donor cylinder;an exhaust gas recirculation manifold extending from said at least one donor cylinder to said intake manifold for recirculating a donor cylinder exhaust emission from said at least one donor cylinder to said at least one donor, and non-donor cylinders via ...

Multi-position crankshaft lip seal

Various systems and methods are provided for utilizing a crankshaft lip seal over the course of a first overhaul life and a second overhaul life. In one example, a method includes installing the crankshaft lip seal between a flywheel housing and a crankshaft of an engine and operating the engine with the crankshaft lip seal. The method further includes removing the crankshaft lip seal, re-machining a floating seal sleeve coupled to the crankshaft or the flywheel housing, and replacing a lip. The crankshaft lip seal is then re-installed between the flywheel housing and the crankshaft and the engine operated with the re-installed crankshaft lip seal.

2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, pyrimidine-carbaldehydes, and methods of formation and use

2,6-Dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-pyrimdine carbaldehydes, and derivatives of each are useful intermediates in forming potent herbicides that demonstrate a broad spectrum of weed control. These compounds are disclosed, as are methods of forming and using these compounds.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VIRTUAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE

A method for initiating a virtual currency exchange includes a merchant computing device a) receiving a message including a user account identifier, payment credential data, and a request for an amount of virtual currency to be delivered; b) transmitting a message delivering the requested amount of virtual currency; and c) receiving a user assignment message that assigns to the merchant an amount of assigned virtual currency from the delivered virtual currency. Steps a, b, and c are performed while the merchant computing device is in a first physical location. The method also includes, subsequent to steps a, b, and c, connecting to a payment network while the merchant computing device is at a second physical location and transmitting, to a virtual currency payment system via the payment network, an assignment completion message including the user account identifier, a merchant account identifier associated with the merchant, and the assigned virtual currency. 126-. (canceled)27. A computer-implemented method for initiating a virtual currency exchange between a user computing device and a merchant computing device associated with a merchant , the computer-implemented method comprising steps performed by the merchant computing device of:a) receiving, from the user computing device via a near-field communication (NFC) channel, a virtual currency request message from a user, the virtual currency request message including a user account identifier associated with an account of a user, payment credential data associated with the user, and a request for an amount of virtual currency to be delivered;b) transmitting, to the user computing device via the NFC channel, a delivery message delivering the requested amount of virtual currency;c) receiving, from the user computing device, a user assignment message including the user account identifier, wherein the user assignment message assigns to the merchant an amount of assigned virtual currency from the delivered amount of ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EXHAUST AIR INJECTION

Methods and systems are provided for improving catalyst temperature control while reducing oxygen saturation. Secondary air is injected at a location downstream of the catalyst during selected conditions. A mixing valve position is coordinated with the air injection to improve local turbulence and thereby enhance air and fuel mixing in the exhaust passage, in at least one example. 1. A method comprising:injecting air downstream of a catalyst without injecting air upstream of the catalyst in an exhaust passage responsive to an exhaust temperature upstream of the catalyst being greater than a first threshold and an exhaust temperature downstream of the catalyst being greater than a second threshold.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a position of a flow mixing valve towards a closed position when injecting air upstream of the catalyst.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the flow mixing valve is positioned upstream of the catalyst.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising injecting air both upstream and downstream of the catalyst in response to the exhaust temperature upstream of the catalyst decreasing below the first threshold and the exhaust temperature downstream of the catalyst being greater than the second threshold.5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising adjusting a flow mixing valve positioned downstream of the catalyst towards a closed position when injecting air downstream of the catalyst.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the injected air is port electric thermactor air (PETA).7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the first threshold temperature is based on a catalyst light-off temperature claim 6 , and wherein the second threshold temperature is based on a temperature for a combustion reaction of unburned exhaust products downstream of the catalyst.8. A method claim 6 , comprising:detecting an exhaust temperature upstream of a catalyst that is less than a first threshold;detecting an exhaust temperature downstream of the catalyst ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INCREMENTAL FORMING

A system includes a frame configured to hold a workpiece and first and second tool positioning assemblies configured to be opposed to each other on opposite sides of the workpiece. The first and second tool positioning assemblies each include a toolholder configured to secure a tool to the tool positioning assembly, a first axis assembly, a second axis assembly, and a third axis assembly. The first, second, and third axis assemblies are each configured to articulate the toolholder along a respective axis. Each axis assembly includes first and second guides extending generally parallel to the corresponding axis and disposed on opposing sides of the toolholder with respect to the corresponding axis. Each axis assembly includes first and second carriages articulable along the first and second guides of the axis assembly, respectively, in the direction of the corresponding axis. 1. A system comprising:a frame configured to hold a work piece; and a tool holder configured to secure a tool to the tool positioning assembly;', 'a first axis assembly configured to articulate the tool holder along a first axis, the first axis assembly comprising first and second guides, the first and second guides of the first axis assembly extending generally parallel to the first axis and disposed on opposing sides of the tool holder with respect to the first axis, the first axis assembly comprising first and second carriages articulable along the first and second guides of the first axis assembly, respectively, in the direction of the first axis;', 'a second axis assembly configured to articulate the tool holder along a second axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first axis, the second axis assembly comprising first and second guides, the first and second guides of the second axis assembly extending generally parallel to the second axis and disposed on opposing sides of the tool holder with respect to the second axis, the second axis assembly comprising first and second carriages ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INCREMENTAL FORMING

A system includes a frame configured to hold a workpiece and first and second tool positioning assemblies configured to be opposed to each other on opposite sides of the workpiece. The first and second tool positioning assemblies each include a toolholder configured to secure a tool to the tool positioning assembly, a first axis assembly, a second axis assembly, and a third axis assembly. The first, second, and third axis assemblies are each configured to articulate the toolholder along a respective axis. Each axis assembly includes first and second guides extending generally parallel to the corresponding axis and disposed on opposing sides of the toolholder with respect to the corresponding axis. Each axis assembly includes first and second carriages articulable along the first and second guides of the axis assembly, respectively, in the direction of the corresponding axis. 117.-. (canceled)18. A method for forming a work piece comprising:securing the work piece in a frame:drawing opposing first and second tools toward each other wherein the first tool engages a first side of the work piece and the second tool engages a second, opposite side of the work piece;passing a current between the first and second tools, wherein the current passes through the work piece; andarticulating at least one of the first and second tools while the first and second tools engage the work piece and the current passes through the work piece.19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising determining a temperature distribution of one or more of the work piece and the first and second tools.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the determining a temperature distribution comprises observing the one or more of the work piece and the first and second tools with a thermal imaging camera.21. The method of claim 19 , further comprising controlling the articulating of the at least one of the first and second tools responsive to the temperature distribution.22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the ...

IGNITION ENERGY CONTROL FOR MIXED FUEL ENGINE

A method of operating an engine including varying a level of ignition energy provided to the engine during an engine start is provided. For example, the ignition energy level may be varied responsive to the amount of alcohol in fuel delivered to the engine in order to improve cold engine starting with higher alcohol fuels. 1. A system for a vehicle , comprising:an engine having at least one cylinder;a fuel system configured to provide a fuel to the cylinder;a spark plug; anda control system configured to, during starting and after fuel has been provided to the cylinder, vary a level of ignition energy provided to the cylinder via the spark plug from a first level to a second, lower, level in response to an alcohol composition of the fuel provided to the cylinder by the fuel system.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a fuel sensor configured to provide an indication of fuel composition to the control system and wherein the indication of fuel composition provided to the control system by the fuel sensor includes an indication of ethanol concentration.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further includes a battery electrically coupled with the spark plug and wherein the control system is further configured to vary the level of ignition energy provided to the cylinder via the spark plug in response to a state of charge of the battery claim 1 , the control system varying the level of ignition energy responsive to a biofuel composition amount.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is configured to increase the level of ignition energy provided to the cylinder via the spark plug in response to a concentration of ethanol in the fuel.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is further configured to vary the level of ignition energy provided to the cylinder via the spark plug in response to a temperature of the engine.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the control system is configured to reduce the level of ignition energy in ...

NEW INCREMENTAL FORMING TOOLS AND METHOD

An incremental forming tool of a sheet material has a tool holder having an axis and at least one tool rod mounted in the tool holder. The at least one tool rod may have variable shapes, lengths, diameters and radii such that the rotation of the at least one tool rod about the axis of the tool holder on the sheet material simulates an up and down, in and out, and/or side-to-side vibration motion. 1. A method of incremental forming a sheet material , the method comprising the steps of:providing a tool holder having an axis;providing at least one tool rod mounted in the tool holder, each tool rod having a height, a cross-sectional shape and a head;rotating the at least one tool rod about the axis of the tool holder, wherein the tool rod is shaped such that the rotation of the at least one tool rod on the sheet material simulates an up and down, in and out, and/or side-to-side vibration motion;applying the rotating tool rod to the sheet material; andforming the sheet material with the rotating tool rod.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one tool rod includes more than one tool rod.3. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the height of one of the tool rods is different than another of the tool rods.4. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the radii of one of the tool rods is different than another of the tool rods.5. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the tool rods each have a different shape.6. A method according to claim 2 , wherein the tool rods are each disposed at a different distance from the axis of the tool holder.7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one tool rod includes two tool rods and a cross-sectional shape of each tool rod is circular and a head of each tool rod is hemispherical.8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one tool rod includes two tool rods claim 1 , a cross-sectional shape of each tool rod being half-circular claim 1 , a head of each rod being a half of a hemisphere claim 1 , ...

HARD-MASK COMPOSITION

Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition for forming a spin-on hard-mask, having a fullerene derivative substituted with an amine and a crosslinking agent. The formulation is drain compatible with other solvents used in the semiconductor industry. 2. The hard mask composition of claim 1 , wherein the amine groups are primary amine groups.3. The hard mask composition of claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare claim 1 , independently claim 1 , either a hydrogen atom claim 1 , or an amine group claim 1 , provided that at least one and no more than three of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare amine groups.4. The hard mask composition of claim 3 , wherein R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , and R claim 3 , are hydrogen atoms and R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , and Rcomprise claim 3 , independently claim 3 , at least one hydrogen atom and at least one amine group.5. The hard mask composition of claim 4 , wherein Rand Rcomprise hydrogen atoms claim 4 , and Rand Rare alternative sites claim 4 , such that one alternative site comprises a hydrogen atom and the other alternative site comprises a primary amine.6. The hard mask composition of claim 4 , wherein claim 4 , Rand Rcomprise hydrogen atoms claim 4 , and Rand Rare alternative sites claim 4 , such that one alternative site comprises a hydrogen atom and the other alternative site comprises a primary amine.7. The hardmask composition of claim 6 , wherein the one or more fullerene derivatives comprises a blend claim 6 , said blend comprising species wherein Q=60 claim 6 , and Q=70 claim 6 , n=2 to 8.8. The hardmask composition of comprising a mixture of fullerene derivatives claim 1 , characterized by at least one of: a distribution of Q claim 1 , a distribution of n claim 1 , or different exohedral rings.9. The hardmask composition of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent is chosen ...

Composition of Matter and Molecular Resist Made Therefrom

Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition of matter having a general structure chosen from (I), (II), (III) or (IV); 2. The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of X or Y comprises a tert-butyl carbonate group.4. The composition of matter of claim 3 , wherein LG is a tertiary alkyl or tertiary cycloalkyl group claim 3 , an alicyclic group claim 3 , a ketal or cyclic aliphatic ketal claim 3 , or an acetal.5. The composition of matter of claim 3 , wherein the leaving group is a tert-butyl group claim 3 , a tert-pentyl group claim 3 , a 2 claim 3 ,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group claim 3 , a 2 claim 3 ,3 claim 3 ,3-trimethylbutan-2-yl group claim 3 , a 2 claim 3 ,3-dimethylpentan-3-yl group claim 3 , a 2-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl group claim 3 , a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl group claim 3 , a 1-methylcyclopentyl group claim 3 , a 1-ethylcyclopentyl group claim 3 , a 1-methylcyclohexyl group claim 3 , a 1-ethylcyclohexyl group claim 3 , a 2-methyladamantyl group or a 2-ethyladamantyl group.6. The composition of matter of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , in admixture claim 1 , one or more photoacid generators chosen from a sulfonium salt claim 1 , an iodonium salt claim 1 , a sulfone imide claim 1 , a halogen-containing compound claim 1 , a sulfone compound claim 1 , an ester sulfonate compound claim 1 , a diazomethane compound claim 1 , a dicarboximidyl sulfonic acid ester claim 1 , an ylideneaminooxy sulfonic acid ester claim 1 , a sulfanyldiazomethane claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.8. The composition of matter of claim 7 , wherein at least one of X or Y comprises a tert-butylcarbonate group.10. The composition of matter of claim 9 , wherein LG is a tert-butyl group.11. The composition of matter of claim 9 , wherein LG is chosen from a tertiary alkyl or cycloalkyl group claim 9 , a ketal or cyclic aliphatic ketal claim 9 , or an acetal.13. The composition of matter of claim 12 , wherein m=2 and n=3 claim 12 , and wherein the leaving group is ...

Composition of Matter and Molecular Resist Made Therefrom

Disclosed herein is a composition of matter having a general structure chosen from (I), (II), (III) or (IV); at least one photo acid generator; at least one crosslinker; and at least one solvent; 3. The photosensitive composition of claim 2 , wherein LG is a tertiary alkyl or tertiary cycloalkyl group claim 2 , an allicyclic group claim 2 , a ketal or cyclic aliphatic ketal claim 2 , or an acetal.4. The photosensitive composition of claim 2 , wherein the leaving group is a tert-butyl group claim 2 , a tert-pentyl group claim 2 , a 2 claim 2 ,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group claim 2 , a 2 claim 2 ,3 claim 2 ,3-trimethylbutan-2-yl group claim 2 , a 2 claim 2 ,3-dimethylpentan-3-yl group claim 2 , a 2-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl group claim 2 , a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl group claim 2 , a 1-methylcyclopentyl group claim 2 , a 1-ethylcyclopentyl group claim 2 , a 1-methylcyclohexyl group claim 2 , a 1-ethylcyclohexyl group claim 2 , a 2-methyladamantyl group or a 2-ethyladamantyl group.5. The photosensitive composition of claim 4 , wherein the at least one photoacid generator is chosen from a sulfonium salt claim 4 , an iodonium salt claim 4 , a sulfone imide claim 4 , a halogen-containing compound claim 4 , a sulfone compound claim 4 , an ester sulfonate compound claim 4 , a diazomethane compound claim 4 , a dicarboximidyl sulfonic acid ester claim 4 , an ylideneaminooxy sulfonic acid ester claim 4 , a sulfanyldiazomethane claim 4 , or a mixture thereof.6. The photosensitive composition of claim 5 , wherein the at least one photoacid generator comprises a triphenylsulfonium salt or a bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium salt.7. The photosensitive composition of claim 4 , wherein the at least one crosslinker comprises an acid sensitive monomer or polymer.8. The photosensitive composition of claim 4 , wherein the crosslinker comprises at least one of a glycidyl ether claim 4 , glycidyl ester claim 4 , glycidyl amine claim 4 , a methoxymethyl group claim 4 , an ethoxy methyl ...

MULTIPLE TRIGGER MONOMER CONTAINING PHOTORESIST COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD

The present disclosure relates to novel multiple trigger monomer containing negative working photoresist compositions and processes. The processes involve removing acid-labile protecting groups from crosslinking functionalities in a first step and crosslinking the crosslinking functionality with an acid sensitive crosslinker in a second step. The incorporation of a multiple trigger pathway in the resist catalytic chain increases the chemical gradient in areas receiving a low dose of irradiation, effectively acting as a built in dose depend quencher-analog and thus enhancing chemical gradient and thus resolution, resolution blur and exposure latitude. The photoresist compositions utilize novel monomers and mixtures of novel monomers. The methods are ideal for fine pattern processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and charged particle rays. 1. A multiple trigger negative-working photoresist composition comprising:a. At least one polymer, oligomer or monomer, each comprising two or more crosslinkable functionalities, wherein essentially all the functionalities are attached to acid labile protecting groups,b. at least one acid activated crosslinker, andc. at least one of a photoacid generator or a thermal acid generator.3. The photoresist composition of claim 2 , comprising a mixture of monomers with structures I-IV.5. The photoresist composition of claim 4 , wherein ALPG is a tertiary alkyl or tertiary cycloalkyl group claim 4 , an alicyclic group claim 4 , a ketal or cyclic aliphatic ketal claim 4 , or an acetal.6. The photoresist composition of claim 3 , wherein the at least one photoacid generator comprises an onium salt compound claim 3 , a sulfonium salt claim 3 , a triphenylsulphonium salt claim 3 , a sulfonimide claim 3 , a halogen-containing compound claim 3 , a sulfone claim 3 , a sulfone imide claim 3 , a sulfonate ester claim 3 , a quinone-diazide claim 3 , a diazomethane ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR VIRTUAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE AT A MOBILE EVENT

A mobile event payment (MEP) computing system used for exchanging virtual currency between a user and a merchant at a mobile event is provided. The MEP computing system includes a MEP computing device including a processor communicatively coupled to a memory device and in communication with at least a user device. The processor is programmed to store a user profile and a merchant profile for exchanging virtual currency, to receive a virtual currency delivery message, and to transmit a virtual currency delivery message to the user mobile device. The processor is programmed to receive a virtual currency payment message including an account identifier associated with the merchant, to electronically deduct the amount of virtual currency from the updated amount of virtual currency of user account, and to electronically add the paid virtual currency to the virtual currency of the account associated with the merchant profile. 1. A mobile event payment (MEP) computing system used for exchanging virtual currency between a user and a merchant at a mobile event , the MEP computing system comprising a MEP computing device comprising a processor communicatively coupled to a memory device , the MEP computing device in communication with at least a user mobile device , the user mobile device having a local data store , said processor programmed to:store, within the memory device, a user profile and a merchant profile for exchanging virtual currency, each user and merchant profile including a current amount of virtual currency and an account identifier, the user profile further including payment credential data associated with the user and a user mobile device identifier;receive a virtual currency request message that includes an account identifier, a request for virtual currency to be delivered, and an input mobile device identifier;transmit a virtual currency delivery message to the mobile device associated with the input mobile device identifier when the input mobile device ...

MULTI-FUEL ENGINE SYSTEM

Various methods and systems are provided for an intake manifold for an engine. In one example, the intake manifold comprises a first passage for supplying intake air to a plurality of cylinders of the engine and a second passage for supplying gaseous fuel to the plurality of cylinders. 2. The intake manifold of claim 1 , further comprising at least one gas admission valve mounted to the second passage configured to control a flow rate of the gaseous fuel to the at least one of the plurality of cylinders.3. The intake manifold of claim 2 , wherein the engine comprises a plurality of cylinder heads claim 2 , each cylinder head defining a respective cylinder of the plurality of cylinders claim 2 , and wherein the intake manifold further comprises at least one gas runner coupling the at least one gas admission valve to at least one cylinder head claim 2 , and thereby to allow a flow of the gaseous fuel from the second passage to the cylinder of the respective at least one cylinder head.4. The intake manifold of claim 3 , wherein the gas runner is one of a plurality of gas runners and the cylinder head is one of a plurality of cylinder heads configured to couple to a respective one of the gas runners claim 3 , and each gas runner defines a respective channel of the intake manifold.5. The intake manifold of claim 3 , wherein the first passage of the intake manifold comprises at least one intake air port claim 3 , and at least one cylinder head is coupled to the intake air port claim 3 , and the intake manifold is configured to supply intake air to the cylinder through the intake air port.6. The intake manifold of claim 5 , wherein each gas runner comprises a first end coupled to the second passage and a second end fluidically coupled to a respective one of the intake air ports via a passageway claim 5 , each intake air port further comprising a mixing region where the intake air and gaseous fuel mix before being directed to a respective cylinder head.7. The intake ...

MULTI-FUEL ENGINE SYSTEM

Various methods and systems are provided for an intake manifold for an engine. In one example, an insert comprises an annular body having a top surface, bottom surface, inner surface, and outer surface. The insert further comprises a first groove for coupling an intake air port of an intake manifold to a cylinder head, a second groove for circulating gaseous fuel received from a gas runner of the intake manifold, and one or more openings to fluidically couple the second groove to an interior of the intake air port. The insert is configured to mix gaseous fuel and intake air at a coupling location between the intake manifold and the cylinder head. 1. An insert , comprising:an annular body having a top surface, bottom surface, inner surface, and outer surface;a first groove for coupling an intake air port of an intake manifold to a cylinder head;a second groove for circulating gaseous fuel received from a gas runner of the intake manifold; andone or more openings to fluidically couple the second groove to an interior of the intake air port, whereby the insert is configured to mix gaseous fuel and intake air at a coupling location between the intake manifold and the cylinder head.2. The insert of claim 1 , wherein the first groove is defined by the top surface of the annular body and is oriented to face towards a cylinder head mounting region when the insert is positioned at the coupling location between the intake manifold and cylinder head.3. The insert of claim 1 , wherein the second groove is defined by the outer surface of annular body claim 1 , the outer surface is oriented to be in face-sharing contact with the intake air port when the insert is positioned at the coupling location between the intake manifold and cylinder head.4. The insert of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional grooves configured to house a seal claim 1 , the one or more additional grooves defined by the outer surface.5. The insert of claim 1 , wherein the one or more openings ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR OXYGEN SENSOR LIGHT-OFF

Methods and systems are provided for a battery supplying power to an exhaust oxygen sensor heater. In one example, a method may include estimating a power delivered to the heater during heating of the sensor and in response to a power delivered from a battery being lower than a threshold, adjusting a battery charging strategy prior to an immediately subsequent engine start. 1. A method , comprising:in response to a power delivered from a battery, as estimated based on a drop in voltage during heating of an exhaust gas oxygen sensor, adjusting a battery charging strategy.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen sensor is heated by a heater coupled to the oxygen sensor and wherein the drop in voltage is estimated across the heater.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the voltage drop is a function of a current flowing through a circuit of the heater and a resistance of the circuit claim 2 , and wherein the power is a function of the current flowing through the circuit of the heater and the resistance of the circuit.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the voltage drop is a difference between a lowest magnitude of voltage claim 3 , across the circuit claim 3 , attained during heating of the exhaust gas oxygen sensor and a nominal voltage of the battery claim 3 , and a voltage recovery time is a time to attain the nominal voltage from the lowest magnitude of voltage.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the power is estimated based on the lowest magnitude of voltage claim 4 , the voltage recovery time claim 4 , and the nominal voltage.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , indicating degradation of the battery and notifying an operator in response to the power being lower than a first threshold power and wherein adjusting the battery charging strategy is based on the power being lower than a second threshold power claim 1 , the second threshold power higher than the first threshold power.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the adjusting includes claim 6 , ...

Composition of Matter and Molecular Resist Made Therefrom

The present application for patent discloses a composition of matter comprising: comprising a solvent; and an ester having a chemical structure chosen from (I), (II), or (III); 2. The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein at least one of X or Y comprises a tert-butyl carbonate group.4. The composition of matter of claim 3 , wherein the leaving group is a tert-butyl group claim 3 , a tert-pentyl group claim 3 , a 2 claim 3 ,3-dimethylbutan-2-yl group claim 3 , a 2 claim 3 ,3 claim 3 ,3-trimethylbutan-2-yl group claim 3 , a 2 claim 3 ,3-dimethylpentan-3-yl group claim 3 , a 2-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl group claim 3 , a bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl group claim 3 , a 1-methylcyclopentyl group claim 3 , a 1-ethylcyclopentyl group claim 3 , a 1-methylcyclohexyl group claim 3 , a 1-ethylcyclohexyl group claim 3 , a 2-methyladamantyl group or a 2-ethyladamantyl group.5. The composition of matter of claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , in admixture claim 1 , one or more photoacid generators chosen from a sulfonium salt claim 1 , an iodonium salt claim 1 , a sulfone imide claim 1 , a halogen-containing compound claim 1 , a sulfone compound claim 1 , an ester sulfonate compound claim 1 , a diazomethane compound claim 1 , a dicarboximidyl sulfonic acid ester claim 1 , an ylideneaminooxy sulfonic acid ester claim 1 , a sulfanyldiazomethane claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.6. The composition of matter of claim 5 , further comprising at least one crosslinker claim 5 , wherein the at least one crosslinker comprises an acid sensitive monomer or polymer claim 5 , and wherein the at least one crosslinker comprises at least one of a glycidyl ether claim 5 , glycidyl ester claim 5 , glycidyl amine claim 5 , a methoxymethyl group claim 5 , an ethoxy methyl group claim 5 , a butoxymethyl group claim 5 , a benzyloxymethyl group claim 5 , dimethylamino methyl group claim 5 , diethylamino methyl group claim 5 , a dibutoxymethyl group claim 5 , a dimethylol amino methyl group claim 5 ...

MULTIPLE TRIGGER PHOTORESIST COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS

The present disclosure relates to novel multiple trigger negative working photoresist compositions and processes. The processes involve removing acid-labile protecting groups from crosslinking functionalities in a first step and crosslinking the crosslinking functionality with an acid sensitive crosslinker in a second step. The incorporation of a multiple trigger pathway in the resist catalytic chain increases the chemical gradient in areas receiving a low dose of irradiation, effectively acting as a built in dose depend quencher-analog and thus enhancing chemical gradient and thus resolution, resolution blur and exposure latitude. The photoresist compositions and the methods are ideal for fine pattern processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and charged particle rays. 1. A multiple trigger negative-working photoresist composition comprising:a. At least one polymer, oligomer or monomer, each comprising two or more crosslinkable functionalities, wherein essentially all the functionalities are attached to acid labile protecting groups,b. at least one acid activated crosslinker, andc. at least one photoacid generator.2. The photoresist composition of claim 1 , wherein at least about 90% of the crosslinkable functionalities are attached to acid labile protecting group.3. The photoresist composition of claim 1 , wherein the acid-labile protecting group is capable of being removed when exposed to a photogenerated acid during a post exposure baking process providing a functionality capable of crosslinking with the crosslinker when the crosslinker is exposed to the photogenerated acid.4. The photoresist composition of claim 1 , wherein the acid labile protecting group comprises a tertiary alkoxycarbonyl group.5. The photoresist composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one photoacid generator comprises an onium salt compound claim 1 , a triphenylsulphonium salt claim 1 , a ...

APPARATUS FOR ELECTRICAL-ASSISTED INCREMENTAL FORMING AND PROCESS THEREOF

A process and apparatus for forming a sheet metal component using an electric current passing through the component. The process can include providing an incremental forming machine, the machine having at least one arcuate tipped tool and at least electrode spaced a predetermined distance from the arcuate tipped tool. The machine is operable to perform a plurality of incremental deformations on the sheet metal component using the arcuate tipped tool. The machine is also operable to apply an electric direct current through the electrode into the sheet metal component at the predetermined distance from the arcuate tipped tool while the machine is forming the sheet metal component. 1. A process for forming a piece of sheet metal while passing an electrical direct current through at least part of the piece of sheet metal , the process comprising:providing a piece of sheet metal to be formed;providing a computer numerical controlled or manual machine, the machine having at least one arcuate tipped tool and being operable to move the at least one arcuate tipped tool a predetermined distance in a predetermined direction and producing an incremental deformation to the piece of sheet metal, the machine also having at least one electrode spaced a predetermined space from the least one arcuate tipped tool or spaced to provide a predetermined force against the least one arcuate tipped tool, the at least one electrode moving with the at least one arcuate tipped tool when the at least one arcuate tipped tool moves the predetermined distance in the predetermined direction;providing a support structure dimensioned to rigidly hold at least part of the piece of sheet metal;attaching the piece of sheet metal to the support structure;providing an electric current source operable to pass electrical direct current through the at least one electrode and into the piece of sheet metal;forming the sheet metal component with a plurality of incremental deformations using the at least one ...

DECK BOARD FASTENER AND ARRANGEMENT

A fastening device includes a receptor portion having an angled through hole extending from a first surface of the receptor portion to a second surface of the receptor portion, wherein the angled through hole has an angled axis. The fastening device further includes a top portion having at least a first flange and a second flange extending generally outwardly from the receptor portion. The flanges generally define a flange plane. The angled axis intersects the flange plane at an intersecting angle between 0 and 90 degrees. 1. A fastening device , comprising: wherein the angled through hole defines a first opening and a second opening in the first surface and second surface, respectively', 'wherein the angled through hole has an angled axis;, 'a receptor portion having an angled through hole extending from a first surface of the receptor portion to a second surface of the receptor portion,'} 'wherein the flanges generally define a flange plane; wherein the first opening in the first surface of the receptor portion is distal from the first flange, second flange and top portion;', 'a top portion having at least two flanges, including a first flange and a second flange, extending generally outwardly from the receptor portion,'}wherein the top portion extends above the receptor portion and has a convex upper surface; andwherein the angled axis intersects the flange plane at an intersecting angle between 19 and 71 degrees.2. The fastening device of claim 1 , wherein the first flange extends outwardly from a first side of the convex top surface along a side-side axis claim 1 , and the second flange extends outwardly from a second side of the convex top surface opposite the first side along a side-side axis.3. The fastening device of claim 1 , wherein at least one flange has a groove on a bottom surface of the flange extending from a front of the top portion to a back of the top portion.4. The fastening device of claim 1 , wherein the intersecting angle is between ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE PHYSICAL LAYER AUTHENTICATION

Physical-layer authentication based on the channel response over a wireless medium are described. In a first authentication scheme, a count is kept of how many significant multipath taps remain empty or occupied from one channel estimate to the next for authentication purposes. In a second authentication scheme, which does not require an alternative means of initial authentication, the presence of a multipath component based on a reported position of a transmitter and the side knowledge of planar reflectors in the environment may be leveraged for authentication purposes. 1. A method of physical layer authentication , comprising:receiving a transmission by a transmitter at a receiver over a sparse wireless channel, the transmitter being located in a region that comprises a mapped planar reflector having a reflecting plane suitable for generating a specular reflection;estimating a time-domain channel response measurement for the transmission;based on the channel response measurement, determining whether a non-zero tap is detected within an anticipated delay interval of an anticipated relative time delay, the anticipated relative time delay being based on a position of the transmitter and a position of the mapped planar reflector; andupon determining that a non-zero tap is detected within the interval, declaring the transmission as authentic.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:upon determining that no non-zero tap is detected within the interval, declaring the transmission as inauthentic.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the interval comprises a lower bound that is less than the anticipated relative time delay and an upper bound that is larger than the anticipated relative time delay; andwherein the interval is based on a delay error related to a desired security metric.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the security metric is at least one of a miss rate or information entropy.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the channel response measurement comprises a ...

Enhanced EUV Photoresist Materials, Formulations and Processes

The present disclosure relates to novel negative-type photoresist composition and methods of their use. The disclosure further relates to multiple trigger photoresist processes which allow for the improvement in contrast, resolution, and/or line edges roughness in some systems without giving up sensitivity. The photoresist compositions and the methods of the current disclosure are ideal for fine patent processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and changed particle. The disclosure further relates to sensitivity enhancing materials useful in the disclosed compositions and methods. 1. A method of forming a patterned resist comprising:a. providing a substrate, i. at least one polymer, oligomer or monomer, each comprising two or more crosslinkable functionalities, wherein essentially all the functionalities are attached to acid labile protecting groups,', 'ii. at least one acid activatable crosslinker,', 'iii. at least one photoacid generator, and', 'iv. at least one solvent,', 'wherein the composition is free of any additional acid diffusion control components., 'b. applying a multiple trigger resist composition comprisingc. heating the coated substrate to form a substantially dried coating to obtain a desired thickness,d. imagewise exposing the coated substrate to actinic radiation,e. removing the unexposed areas of the coating using an aqueous developer, a solvent developer or a combination aqueous-solvent developer composition;wherein the remaining photoimaged pattern is optionally heated and wherein the exposed resist may be selectively heated prior to development.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least about 90% of the crosslinkable functionalities are attached to acid labile protecting groups.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one photoacid generator comprises an onium salt compound claim 1 , a sulfonium salt claim 1 , a triphenylsulphonium salt claim 1 , a ...

REMOVABLE COVER SYSTEM

A removable cover system may include a first cover member and a second cover member joined by an adjustable pivot system that is adjustable to accommodate different seat/headrest and windshield positions across a diverse spectrum of car designs and models. A removable connection may secure the cover system to an automobile windshield and a seat back or headrest member. During use, the cover system provides a convenient shield from sun radiation and post use may be conveniently stored without rendering a permanent change to the automobile. The cover members of the system may be opaque, translucent, and/or transparent. 1. A removable cover system , comprising:a first top cover member and a second rear cover member;an adjustment system operably joining respective proximate sides of said first top cover member and said second rear cover member and allowing relative adjustment therebetween along a range of angles between at least 20 degrees and 270 degrees;a first attachment system operatively secured to a distal side of said first cover top member opposite said adjustment system and being adaptive to releasably secure said first top cover member to an external vehicle windshield; anda second attachment system operatively secured to a distal side of said second rear cover member opposite said adjustment system and being adaptive to releasably secure said second rear cover member to an external vehicle seat.2. The removable cover system of claim 1 , further comprising:an length adjustment system on one of said first top cover member and said second rear cover member, wherein said length adjustment system enables an adjustment of an operative length of one of said respective cover members, and wherein said length adjustment system is operative to accommodate different relative positions of said external vehicle windshield and said external vehicle seat.3. The removable cover system of claim 1 , further comprising:a rotation adjustment system on said adjustment system, ...

HARD-MASK COMPOSITION

Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition for forming a spin-on hard-mask, having a fullerene derivative and a crosslinking agent. Further disclosed is a process for forming a hard-mask. 3. The hardmask composition of claim 2 , wherein the crosslinking agent is chosen from 4 claim 2 ,4′-(9H-fluorene-9 claim 2 ,9-diyl)dianiline claim 2 , an epoxy phenolic novolak resin claim 2 , an epoxy cresylic novolak resin claim 2 , an epoxy bisphenol A resin claim 2 , an expoxy bisphenol A novolak resin claim 2 , an epoxy bisphenol C resin claim 2 , an alkylolmethyl melamine resin claim 2 , an alkylolmethyl glycoluril resin claim 2 , an alkylolmethyl guanamine resin claim 2 , an alkylomethyl Benzo-Guanamine resin claim 2 , a glycosyl urea resin claim 2 , or an alkyd resin.4. The hardmask composition of claim 2 , further comprising one or more thermal acid generators claim 2 , wherein the one or more thermal acid generators are chosen from alkyl esters of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , alicyclic esters of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , amine salts of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , 2-nitrobenzyl esters of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , 4-nitrobenzyl esters of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , benzoin esters of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , β-hydroxyalkyl esters of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , β-hydroxycycloalkyl esters of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , triaryl sulfonium salts of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , alkyl diaryl sulfonium salts of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , dialkyl aryl sulfonium salts of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , trialkyl sulfonium salts of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , diaryl iodonium salts of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , alkyl aryl sulfonium salts of organic sulfonic acids claim 2 , or ammonium salts of tris(organosulfonyl) methides.6. The hardmask composition of claim 5 , wherein R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , R claim 5 , and Reach represents a hydrogen atom.7. The hardmask composition ...

SENSITIVITY ENHANCED PHOTORESISTS

The present disclosure relates to novel positive and negative photoresist compositions containing components that are based on one or more specific metals, metal salts, and/or metal complexes and methods of using them. The photoresist compositions and the methods are ideal for high speed, fine pattern processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, electron beam and other charged particle rays. The metals are characterized by high absorption cross sections and selected elastic and inelastic electron cross section. 1) A photoresist composition comprising at least one metal component wherein the metal component exhibits high EUV photoabsorption cross-section , median to high inelastic electron scattering and low to median elastic scattering coefficients.2) The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal is chosen from the periodic table of elements of columns 3 through 17 and rows 3 through 6 claim 1 , which includes Scandium claim 1 , Titanium claim 1 , Vanadium claim 1 , Chromium claim 1 , Manganese claim 1 , Iron claim 1 , Cobalt claim 1 , Nickel claim 1 , Copper claim 1 , Zinc claim 1 , Gallium claim 1 , Germanium claim 1 , Arsenic claim 1 , Selenium claim 1 , Bromine claim 1 , Yttrium claim 1 , Zirconium claim 1 , Niobium claim 1 , Molybdenum claim 1 , Technetium claim 1 , Ruthenium claim 1 , Rhodium claim 1 , Palladium claim 1 , Silver claim 1 , Cadmium claim 1 , Indium claim 1 , Tin claim 1 , Antimony claim 1 , Tellurium claim 1 , Iodine claim 1 , the Lanthanides claim 1 , Hafnium claim 1 , Tantalum claim 1 , Tungsten claim 1 , Rhenium claim 1 , Osmium claim 1 , Iridium claim 1 , Platinum claim 1 , Gold claim 1 , Mercury claim 1 , Lead claim 1 , Bismuth claim 1 , Polonium claim 1 , and columns 13-17 row 3 which includes Aluminum claim 1 , Silicon claim 1 , Phosphorus claim 1 , Sulfur and Chlorine.3) The composition of claim 2 , wherein the at least one metal comprises ...

PRESS WITH AN ADJUSTMENT DEVICE FOR THE WORKPIECE EJECTOR DEVICE

2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, pyrimidine-carbaldehydes, and methods of formation and use

2,6-Dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-pyrimdine carbaldehydes, and derivatives of each are useful intermediates in forming potent herbicides that demonstrate a broad spectrum of weed control. These compounds are disclosed, as are methods of forming and using these compounds.

2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, pyrimidine-carbaldehydes, and methods of formation and use

2,6-Dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-pyrimdine carbaldehydes, and derivatives of each are useful intermediates in forming potent herbicides that demonstrate a broad spectrum of weed control. These compounds are disclosed, as are methods of forming and using these compounds.

2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, pyrimidine- carbaldehydes, and methods of formation and use

2,6-Dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-pyrimdine carbaldehydes, and derivatives of each are useful intermediates in forming potent herbicides that demonstrate a broad spectrum of weed control. These compounds are disclosed, as are methods of forming and using these compounds.

Overall scheduling of a lean burn engine system

A method is disclosed for controlling operation of an engine coupled to an exhaust treatment catalyst. Under predetermined conditions, the method operates an engine with a first group of cylinders combusting a lean air/fuel mixture and a second group of cylinders pumping air only (i.e., without fuel injection). In addition, the engine control method also provides the following features in combination with the above-described split air/lean mode: idle speed control, sensor diagnostics, air/fuel ratio control, adaptive learning, fuel vapor purging, catalyst temperature estimation, default operation, and exhaust gas and emission control device temperature control. In addition, the engine control method also changes to combusting in all cylinders under preselected operating conditions such as fuel vapor purging, manifold vacuum control, and purging of stored oxidants in an emission control device.

Method and system for exhaust air injection

Methods and systems are provided for improving catalyst temperature control while reducing oxygen saturation. Secondary air is injected at a location downstream of the catalyst during selected conditions. A mixing valve position is coordinated with the air injection to improve local turbulence and thereby enhance air and fuel mixing in the exhaust passage, in at least one arrangement.

Adjusting device for slide driven lift out actuators

ADJUSTING DEVICE FOR SLIDE DRIVEN LIFT OUT ACTUATORS Abstract of the Disclosure The bed of a press is provided with a workpiece ejecting mechanism including actuating rods attached to the press slide. for displacement therewith to actuate the lift out mechanism. The press slide is provided with a motor driven shut height adjusting mechanism, and the actuating rods of the ejecting mechanism are interengaged with the slide by means of corres-ponding adjusting mechanisms which are driven by and in synchron-ism with the shut height adjusting mechanism.

Systems and methods for virtual currency exchange at a mobile event

A mobile event payment (MEP) computing system used for exchanging virtual currency between a user and a merchant at a mobile event is provided. The MEP computing system includes a MEP computing device including a processor communicatively coupled to a memory device and in communication with at least a user device. The processor is programmed to store a user profile and a merchant profile for exchanging virtual currency, to receive a virtual currency delivery message, and to transmit a virtual currency delivery message to the user mobile device. The processor is programmed to receive a virtual currency payment message including an account identifier associated with the merchant, to electronically deduct the amount of virtual currency from the updated amount of virtual currency of user account, and to electronically add the paid virtual currency to the virtual currency of the account associated with the merchant profile.

Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure

A steady-state glow discharge plasma is generated at one atmosphere of pressure within the volume (S) between a pair of insulated metal plate electrodes (14) spaced up to 5 cm apart and rf energized with an rms potential of 1-5kV at 1-100kHz (20). Space between the electrodes is occupied by air, nitrous oxide, and a noble gas such as helium, neon, argon, etc., or mixtures thereof. The electrodes are charged by an impedance matching network (31) adjusted to produce the most stable, uniform glow discharge. Also, a method for treating a meltblown polymer web, using the aforementioned plasma device, is included.

Process for assembling systems and structure thus obtained

A method for assembling an electronic system with a plurality of layers (3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11). Recesses in formed in one or more dielectric layers and electronic components (2, 4, 6, 25) are positioned withinthe recesses. One or more layers (3, 5) containing the components are placed on a host substrate (1) containing host circuits (2). Electrical interconnects (20, 21) are provided between and among the electronic components (2, 4, 6, 8, 25) in the dielectric layers and the host circuits. The layers containing the components may also be provided by growing the electronic devices on a growth substrate. The growth substrate is then removed after the layer is attached to the host substrate.

PROCESS FOR THE DEPOSIT OF RESIDUAL MATERIAL

Composition of matter and molecular resist made therefrom

Disclosed herein is a composition of matter having a general structure chosen from (I), (II), (III) or (IV); at least one photo acid generator; at least one crosslinker; and at least one solvent; wherein X and Y are the same or different, wherein at least one of X and Y comprises an acid labile group, wherein R 1 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R 2 is chosen from hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R 3 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, and R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms.

PROCEDURE FOR THE DEPOSITION OF WASTE.

LOS RESIDUOS SE COMPRIMEN CON GRAN PRESION EN BLOQUES O PLACAS (8) QUE POSEEN UNA GRAN CONSISTENCIA, POCA ELUCION Y ESCASA PERMEABILIDAD, POR TANTO, SE EMPAQUETAN, SINGULARMENTE O EN MONTON, CON HOJAS RESISTENTES AL POLVO E IMPERMEABLES, Y SE COLOCAN COMO LADRILLOS EN UN CONTENEDOR. EL PROCEDIMIENTO ES UNIVERSALMENTE UTILIZABLE PARA TODOS LOS DESECHOS QUE POSEEN ESCOMBROS EN LOS QUE NO HAY ELEMENTOS GRUESOS COMO PIEDRAS, TROZOS DE METAL, ETC WASTE IS COMPRESSED WITH HIGH PRESSURE IN BLOCKS OR PLATES (8) THAT HAVE A HIGH CONSISTENCY, LITTLE ELECTION AND LOW PERMEABILITY, THEREFORE, THEY ARE PACKAGED, SINGULARLY OR IN MONTON, WITH LEAVES RESISTANT TO DUST AND WATERPROOF, AND COLORED IN A CONTAINER. THE PROCEDURE IS UNIVERSALLY USABLE FOR ALL WASTE THAT HAS DEBRIS IN WHICH THERE ARE NO THICK ELEMENTS SUCH AS STONES, PIECES OF METAL, ETC

Lubricant mixtures and grease compositions based thereon

Lubricant mixtures for use as base fluid in bearing grease comprising 25 to 90% w/w of a liquid ester having a viscosity at 40°C in the range 100 to 200 mm2/s, and 75 to 10% w/w of a liquid poly-.alpha.-olefin having a viscosity at 100°C in the range 2 to 10 mm2/s, and bearing grease compositions containing a major proportion of such lubricant mixtures, particularly such compositions containing a clay thickener.

Apparatus for climbing trees, telegraph poles, etc.

Actuator with interrupter-type limit switches

Assay for vitamin b12 absorption and method of making labeled vitamin b12

The invention provides methods for labeling vitamin B 12 with14C, 13C tritium, and deuterium. When radioisotopes are used, the invention provides for methods of labeling B 12 with high specific activity. The invention also provides labeled vitamin B 12 compositions made in accordance with the invention.

Method for removal of flux and other residue in dense fluid systems

Method for removing flux residue and defluxing residue from an article using a dense processing fluid and a dense rinse fluid is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, there is provided a method comprising: introducing the article comprising contaminants into a processing chamber; contacting the article with a dense processing fluid comprising a dense fluid, at least one processing agent, and optionally a cosolvent to provide a partially treated article; and contacting the partially treated article with a dense rinse fluid comprising the dense fluid and optionally the cosolvent to provide a treated article wherein an agitation source is introducing during at least a portion of the first and/or the second contacting step.

2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, pyrimidine- carbaldehydes, and methods of formation and use

The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I): (see formula I) wherein the Q, R1, and X1 are as defined herein, or derivatives thereof are useful as intermediates in forming potent herbicides that demonstrate a broad spectrum of weed control. The present invention also relates to methods of forming and using these compounds.

Microwave absorption system

Microwave absorption in a varying magnetic field is investigated near electron cyclotron resonance with a network analyzer which is capable of swept frequency measurements, and of measuring reflection and transmission coefficients from 0.045 to 18 GHz, with greater than 80 dB dynamic range. The experimental conditions are such that the plasma is generated in a modified Penning discharge in a magnetic mirror configuration. A microwave beam is caused to propagate along the axis of the magnetic mirror field in the plasma column. The microwave beam is attenuated near the electron cyclotron resonance frequency, providing microwave absorption over a range of frequencies spanning the electron cyclotron frequencies present in the axially varying magnetic field. The attenuation, along with hot-plasma effects, are measured as a function of frequency by the network analyzer.

Production of carboxylic acids

Method and apparatus for covering bodies with a uniform glow discharge plasma and applications thereof

Method and apparatus for covering a free-standing body with a uniform glow discharge plasma, particularly at atmospheric pressure. The method may be used to provide a body coated with such a plasma, and also to treat a workpiece.

Composition of matter and molecular resist made therefrom

Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition of matter having a general structure chosen from (I), (II), (III) or (IV); wherein X and Y are the same or different, wherein at least one of X and Y comprises an acid labile group, wherein R 1 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R 2 is chosen from hydrogen or a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, R 3 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms, and R 4 is a saturated or unsaturated group having from 1-4 carbon atoms.

Method and apparatus for cleaning surfaces with a glow discharge plasma at one atmosphere of pressure

Cleaning surfaces with a thermal-non-equilibrium glow discharge plasma at high pressure

System and method for incremental forming

A system includes a frame configured to hold a workpiece and first and second tool positioning assemblies configured to be opposed to each other on opposite sides of the workpiece. The first and second tool positioning assemblies each include a toolholder configured to secure a tool to the tool positioning assembly, a first axis assembly, a second axis assembly, and a third axis assembly. The first, second, and third axis assemblies are each configured to articulate the toolholder along a respective axis. Each axis assembly includes first and second guides extending generally parallel to the corresponding axis and disposed on opposing sides of the toolholder with respect to the corresponding axis. Each axis assembly includes first and second carriages articulable along the first and second guides of the axis assembly, respectively, in the direction of the corresponding axis.

Forward end housing

Triple modular redundancy/sparing

A computer system of the standby redundancy type including three active logic modules and at least one spare module, characterized by the provision of triple modular redundancy means for correcting and locating the failure of a first one of said active logic modules, in combination with sparing means for reconfiguring the system to by-pass the faulty module and to substitute the spare module therefor. The invention is further characterized by the provision of means for reintroducing the first module into the system upon the detection of failure of another active module.

Apparatus for producing compressive residual stress in balls

An apparatus (10) for imparting compressive residual stress to at least a surface portion of a first plurality of balls (16) includes a first body (12) having a first surface (14), the first surface including a smooth contact portion, the smooth contact portion being substantially flat or convex and having a surface hardness greater than or equal to the initial surface hardness of the balls (16). The apparatus also includes a second body (20) having a second surface (22), the first surface overlying the second surface, and at least one drive (24) operably connected to the first body (12) or to the second body (20) and configured to move one of the first and second bodies relative to the other body at a substantially fixed distance, the at least one drive also being configured to move the first body toward the second body with a force or to move the second body toward the first body with the force.

Sensitivity enhanced photoresists

The present disclosure relates to novel positive and negative photoresist compositions containing components that are based on one or more specific metals, metal salts, and/or metal complexes and methods of using them. The photoresist compositions and the methods are ideal for high speed, fine pattern processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, electron beam and other charged particle rays. The metals are characterized by high absorption cross sections and selected elastic and inelastic electron cross section.

Microwave horn-paraboloidal antenna

Method and apparatus for glow discharge plasma treatment of polymer materials at atmospheric pressure

A steady-state glow discharge plasma is generated at one atmosphere of pressure within the volume (S) between a pair of insulated metal plate electrodes (14) spaced up to 5 cm apart and rf energized with an rms potential of 1-5kV at 1-100kHz (20). Space between the electrodes is occupied by air, nitrous oxide, and a noble gas such as helium, neon, argon, etc., or mixtures thereof. The electrodes are charged by an impedance matching network (31) adjusted to produce the most stable, uniform glow discharge. Also, a method for treating a meltblown polymer web, using the aforementioned plasma device, is included.

Hard-mask composition

Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition for forming a spin-on hard-mask, having a fullerene derivative and a crosslinking agent. Further disclosed is a process for forming a hard-mask.

Status switching in an automatically repaired computer

Status switching means for an automatically repaired computer system of the stand-by redundancy type adapted to replace a failed component by a stand-by spare, characterized in that the switching means include separate selection or switch means associated with each data receiving device, respectively, so that there is no sharing of a given selection means between different receiving devices, whereby no selection means constitutes a ''''hard core'''' component the failure of which would interrupt computer operation. By the operation of encoded control means, a reconfiguration of the switching system is effected to shift around a faulty component.

Method and device for controlling the exhaust gas recirculation in an internal combustion engine

Gemäß den Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Motor offenbart. Der Motor enthält wenigstens einen Geberzylinder und wenigstens einen Nicht-Geberzylinder, der mit einem Ansaugkrümmer, der Ansaugluft speist, und einem Abgaskrümmer verbunden ist. Der Abgaskrümmer ist eingerichtet, um Motorabgasemissionen aus dem Geberzylinder und dem Nicht-Geberzylinder zu führen. Der Motor enthält ferner eine Abgasrückführungsleitung, die sich von dem Geberzylinder zu dem Ansaugkrümmer erstreckt, um Geberzylinderabgasemissionen von dem Geberzylinder zu dem Geber- und Nicht-Geberzylinder über den Ansaugkrümmer zurückzuführen. Der Motor enthält ferner ein Abgasnachbehandlungssystem und einen Sensor, der eingerichtet ist, um eine Temperatur der Motorabgasemissionen zu erfassen, und eine Vorrichtung, die eingerichtet ist, um ein Sensorsignal von dem Sensor zu empfangen und um einen Parameter des Motors und einer Komponente des Motors in Abhängigkeit von dem Sensorsignal zu steuern. In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, an engine is disclosed. The engine includes at least one master cylinder and at least one non-master cylinder connected to an intake manifold feeding intake air and an exhaust manifold. The exhaust manifold is configured to supply engine exhaust emissions from the master cylinder and the non-master cylinder. The engine further includes an exhaust gas recirculation line extending from the donor cylinder to the intake manifold for returning donor cylinder exhaust emissions from the donor cylinder to the donor and non-donor cylinders via the intake manifold. The engine further includes an exhaust aftertreatment system and a sensor configured to sense a temperature of the engine exhaust emissions and a device configured to receive a sensor signal from the sensor and a parameter of the engine and a component of the engine Control dependence on the sensor signal.

2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, pyrimidine- carbaldehydes, and methods of formation and use

The disclosure relates to 2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted pyrimidine compounds wherein X1 is a halogen, Q is a C1 – C2 alkoxy and R1 is selected from vinyl, aryl, alkenyl, furanyl, and carbaldehyde (abstract figure). The disclosure also relates to methods of forming them and methods of using them to form herbicides, such as alky16-amino-2-halo-5-alkoxy-pyrimidine-4-carboxylate. Example reactions include organometallic halide reactions and organolithiations reactions. Example compounds include: 2,6-dichloro-5-methoxy-pyrimidine-4-carbaldehyde 2,6-dichloro-5-methoxy-4-furan-2-yl pyrimidine 2,6-dichloro-5-methoxy-4-allyl pyrimidine 2,6-dichloro-5-methoxy-4-vinyl pyrimidine

Ignition Energy Control for Mixed Fuel Engine

As one example, an engine system for a vehicle is provided, including an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder; a fuel system configured to provide a fuel to the cylinder; an ignition system including at least a spark plug; a control system configured to vary a level of ignition energy provided to the cylinder via the spark plug in response to a composition of the fuel provided to the cylinder by the fuel system. A method of operating the engine system by varying a level of ignition energy provided to the engine after a start-up is also provided.

Die.

Actuator with interrupter-type limit switches

An actuator (30) comprising a motor for rotating a shaft connected via a gear train to an output device; an interrupter vane connected to the output device and adapted to travel in a path corresponding to the movement of the output device; and at least two interrupter switches (34, 36), such as opto-interrupter switches, spaced apart from one another along the path of the interrupter vane at locations corresponding to travel limits of the output device. A controller energizes the motor in response to a command signal and de-energizes the motor in response to an indication from one of the interrupter switches (32, 34) that the output device is at or approaching one of the travel limits. The actuator may be a rotary or linear actuator, and may be particularly well-suited for avionics applications.

Serially connected inhibitor logic stages with means for bypassing a selected stage

2,6-dihalo-5-alkoxy-4-substituted-pyrimidines, pyrimidine- carbaldehydes, and methods of formation and use

The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I): (see formula I) wherein the Q, R1, and X1 are as defined herein, or derivatives thereof are useful as intermediates in forming potent herbicides that demonstrate a broad spectrum of weed control. The present invention also relates to methods of forming and using these compounds.

Status switching in an automatically repaired computer

Electrical-assisted double side incremental forming and processes thereof

A process for forming a sheet metal component using an electric current passing through the component is provided. The process can include providing a double side incremental forming machine, the machine operable to perform a plurality of double side incremental deformations on the sheet metal component and also apply an electric direct current to the sheet metal component during at least part of the forming. The direct current can be applied before or after the forming has started and/or be terminated before or after the forming has stopped. The direct current can be applied to any portion of the sheet metal. The electrical assistance can reduce the magnitude of force required to produce a given amount of deformation, increase the amount of deformation exhibited before failure and/or reduce any springback typically exhibited by the sheet metal component.

Fill tube liner

Disclosed is an apparatus, method and kit for use with a beverage producing device. Included are a fitting (60) and an insulating tube (54) for insulating water being introduced into a heated water tank (50) from heated water retained in the tank. Use of an insulating tube helps to reduce the heat transfer between the heated water retained in the tank and the water being introduced to the tank.

Methods and systems for operating an engine

Various methods and systems are provided for operating an internal combustion engine, the engine having a plurality of cylinders including one or more donor cylinders and one or more non-donor cylinders. In one example, a method includes, during an exhaust gas recirculation cooler heating mode, operating at least one of the donor cylinders at a cylinder load sufficient to increase an exhaust temperature for regenerating an exhaust gas recirculation cooler, and operating at least one of the non-donor cylinders in a low- or no-fuel mode.

Multiple trigger photoresist compositions and methods

【課題】新規な複合トリガーネガ作用フォトレジスト組成物およびプロセスに関する。【解決手段】ａ．少なくとも１つのポリマー、オリゴマー、またはモノマーであって、それぞれが、２つ以上の架橋性官能基を含み、前記官能基の９５．６％～９９．９％が、酸不安定保護基に結合している、少なくとも１つのポリマー、オリゴマー、またはモノマーと、ｂ．少なくとも１つの酸活性化架橋剤と、ｃ．少なくとも１つの光酸発生剤と、を含む、複合トリガーネガ作用フォトレジスト組成物。【選択図】なし

Method of forming a pattern resist for euv

The present disclosure relates to novel negative-type photoresist composition and methods of their use. The disclosure further relates to multiple trigger photoresist processes which allow for the improvement in contrast, resolution, and/or line edges roughness in some systems without giving up sensitivity. The photoresist compositions and the methods of the current disclosure are ideal for fine patent processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and changed particle. The disclosure further relates to sensitivity enhancing materials useful in the disclosed compositions and methods.

Pump.

METHOD FOR DEPOSITING WASTE

The waste generated is pressed under high pressure into blocks or boards (8) of high strength, low susceptibility to elution and low permeability, then packed individually or in batches in a dustproof and waterproof way using sheeting (10) and in this form deposited on a landfill (13) in the manner of bricks. The method is universally applicable for all waste in the form of bulk material which has no coarse constituents such as stones, metal pieces etc. <IMAGE>

Method and system for reducing unburned fuel and oil from exhaust manifolds

Methods and systems are provided for operating an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system and a plurality of cylinders that utilize fuel and/or oil for combustion and engine lubrication purposes. In one example, a method comprises, while the engine is operating in a low-load mode or an idle mode, successively operating distinct subsets of said cylinders at a cylinder load sufficient to increase an exhaust temperature for burning unburned fuel and/or oil deposited in the cylinders or engine exhaust system. Herein, each successively operated subset comprises at least one but fewer than all of the plurality of cylinders, and the cylinders that are not currently being operated in a subset are operated in a low- or no-fuel mode.

Internal combustion engine system

A system and method are provided for an internal combustion engine. An engine system, in one example, includes a cylinder liner positioned within an opening of a crankcase, including a surface biasing a landing surface of an undercut fillet of the crankcase, and including a cylinder opening and a seal arranged in a groove of the cylinder liner positioned axially above the undercut fillet. The engine system further includes a fluid gasket and a combustion gasket positioned between a cylinder head and the crankcase, the fluid gasket and the combustion gasket being decoupled from one another.

Apparatus for and method of monitoring particulate material in a fluid

Apparatus for monitoring particulate material in a fluid comprising a passageway ( 17 ), through which fluid to be monitored is passed, at least a portion ( 24 ) of the boundary of the passageway ( 17 ) being translucent to enable radiation to pass through that portion ( 24 ). A camera ( 40 ) is arranged to receive such radiation and is constructed to generate electrical signals representative of the images it receives. Image analysis means ( 57 ) are connected to receive those electrical signals and to provide data from them relating to the particulate material contained within the fluid.

Universally adjustable firearm stock

A universally adjustable firearm stock is provided having adjustments for comb, cast, length of pull and butt pad height. The stock has an adapter (receiver model specific) to connect a frame to the receiver. An end of a mount passes through a slot through a frame seat. A cast piece is received within the seat and has a cast hole (center hole—no cast, offset hole—cast). The rearward extending end of the mount passes through the cast hole, wherein any offset in the cast hole results in an angular cast. The comb is vertically adjustable relative to the frame. Two rods are extendable relative to the frame to adjust the length of pull. A butt plate has two slots wherein the height of a butt pad relative to the rods is adjustable.

Apparatus for and method of monitoring particulate material in a fluid

Apparatus for monitoring particulate material in a fluid comprising a passageway ( 17 ), through which fluid to be monitored is passed, at least a portion ( 24 ) of the boundary of the passageway ( 17 ) being translucent to enable radiation to pass through that portion ( 24 ). A camera ( 40 ) is arranged to receive such radiation and is constructed to generate electrical signals representative of the images it receives. Image analysis means ( 57 ) are connected to receive those electrical signals and to provide data from them relating to the particulate material contained within the fluid.

Inhibitor logic arrays

Hard-mask composition

Disclosed and claimed herein is a composition for forming a spin-on hard-mask, having a fullerene derivative substituted with an amine and a crosslinking agent. The formulation is drain compatible with other solvents used in the semiconductor industry.

Multi-position crankshaft lip seal

Various systems and methods are provided for utilizing a crankshaft lip seal (204) over the course of a first overhaul life and a second overhaul life. In one example, a method includes installing the crankshaft lip seal between a flywheel housing (184) and a crankshaft (180) of an engine (104) and operating the engine with the crankshaft lip seal. The method further includes removing the crankshaft lip seal, re-machining a floating seal sleeve (408) coupled to the crankshaft or the flywheel housing, and replacing a lip. The crankshaft lip seal is then re-installed between the flywheel housing and the crankshaft and the engine operated with the re-installed crankshaft lip seal.

Multi-position crankshaft lip seal

System and method to improve engine emissions for a dual fuel engine

A system and method for improving emissions of an engine capable of combusting a multi-component fuel comprised of two or more fuels is presented. According to the method, the passage exhaust gases are processed in said exhaust system is determined in part from the concentration of one component fuel.

Sanitary napkin

Verfahren zur deponierung von abfällen.

Blending process

Sensitivity Enhanced Photoresists

The present disclosure relates to novel negative- working and novel positive-working photoresist compositions for high speed, fine line processing using, for example, ultraviolet radiation, extreme ultraviolet radiation, beyond extreme ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, electron beam and other charged particle rays. The novel photoresists contain specific metals components which are added to positive and negative photoresist compositions which are themselves composed of conventional photoresist materials.

Stock framework

Fuel pump mounting structure

Equalizing device for vehicle-springs.

Chemical process

Enhanced euv materials, photoresists and methods of their use

The current application discloses novel zwitterion materials which provide unexpected results useful in photolithographic resist compositions. In particular the compounds and photoresists made therefrom provide improvements in EUV photo defined line geometries as well as increased lithographic photospeed. Also provided are resist compositions containing the disclosed novel zwitterions.