MEMS display device and method of driving such a device

The invention relates to an MEMS display device and a method of driving such a device. Embodiments of exemplary MEMS interferometric modulators are arranged at intersections of rows and columns of electrodes. In certain embodiments, the column electrode has a lower electrical resistance than the row electrode. A driving circuit applies a potential difference of a first polarity across electrodes during a first phase and then quickly transitions to applying a bias voltage having a polarity opposite to the first polarity during a second phase. In certain embodiments, an absolute value of the difference between the voltages applied to the row electrode is less than an absolute value of the difference between the voltages applied to the column electrode during the first and second phases.

SPATIAL LIGHT MODULATOR WITH INTEGRATED OPTICAL COMPENSATION STRUCTURE

A spatial light modulator comprises an integrated optical compensation structure, e.g., an optical compensation structure arranged between a substrate and a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements, or an optical compensation structure located on the opposite side of the light-modulating elements from the substrate. The individually addressable light-modulating elements are configured to modulate light transmitted through or reflected from the transparent substrate. Methods for making such spatial light modulators involve fabricating an optical compensation structure over a substrate and fabricating a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements over the optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may be a passive optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may include one or more of a supplemental frontlighting source, a diffuser, a black mask, a diffractive optical element, a color filter, an anti-reflective layer, a structure that scatters light, a microlens array, and a holographic film. 1. A spatial light modulator , comprising:a substrate;a plurality of individually addressable interferometric light-modulating elements configured to modulate light transmitted through the substrate, the interferometric light-modulating elements including a movable reflective layer; anda plurality of optical compensation structures between the substrate and the plurality of individually addressable interferometric light-modulating elements, at least one of the optical compensation structures including a diffuser.2. The spatial light modulator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the optical compensation structures includes a black mask.3. The spatial light modulator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the optical compensation structures includes a color filter.4. The spatial light modulator of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the optical compensation structures includes an anti-reflective ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PACKAGING A DEVICE

A MEMS-based display device is described, wherein an array of interferometric modulators are configured to reflect light through a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate is sealed to a backplate and the backplate can contain electronic circuitry for controlling the array of interferometric modulators. The backplate can provide physical support for device components, such as electronic components which can be used to control the state of the display. The backplate can also be utilized as a primary structural support for the device. 1. A device , comprising:a substrate having a first surface;an array of display elements formed on the first surface of the substrate;a backplate, wherein the array of display elements is located between the backplate and the substrate; anda seal between the substrate and the backplate, wherein the seal includes glass.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the seal includes a glass-frit.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the seal is formed via a spin-on process.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the seal is a hermetic seal.5. The device of claim 1 , additionally comprising electronic circuitry located on the backplane and in electrical communication with the array of display elements.6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the electronic circuitry is configured to control the state of the array of display elements.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is light-transmissive.8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes glass.9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the backplate includes glass.10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the display elements include an array of interferometric modulators configured to reflect light through the substrate.11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the seal includes a mechanical extension of the backplate.12. The device of claim 1 , wherein the seal includes a mechanical extension of the substrate.13. A device claim 1 , comprising:a substrate having a first surface;an array of display ...

INTEGRATED MODULATOR ILLUMINATION

A spatial light modulator includes an array of elements to modulate light in accordance with image data. The modulator has a display panel having first and second surfaces arranged adjacent to the array of elements such that the second surface is directly adjacent the array of elements to allow a viewer to view an image produced by modulation of light. The modulator may also include a light source to provide light to the display panel and illumination dots on the first surface of the display panel to reflect light from the source to the array of elements. 1. A display device comprising:a transparent substrate having a front side and a back side;an array of reflective display elements disposed behind the substrate and configured to reflect light through the substrate and out the front side of the substrate;a light source configured to inject light into the substrate, wherein the substrate is configured to propagate the injected light therein by to total internal reflection off the front and back sides of the substrate; andreflective features on the substrate, the reflective features configured to reflect the light to the array of display elements.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the display elements include spatial light modulators.3. The display device of claim 2 , wherein the display elements include interferometric modulators.4. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the display elements are disposed directly on the substrate.5. The display device of claim 1 , further comprising a diffuser disposed on the front side of the substrate.6. The display device of claim 5 , wherein the reflective features are disposed at an interface between the diffuser and the substrate.7. The display device of claim 5 , wherein the reflective features are disposed on a surface of the diffuser.8. The display device of claim 1 , further comprising an anti-reflective layer on the front side of the substrate.9. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the reflective features ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF REDUCING COLOR SHIFT IN A DISPLAY

A system and method of reducing color shift in a display includes an interferometric modulator display configured to reflect light from at least one light source and through at least one converging optical element in an optical path from the light source to a viewer via the display. In one embodiment, the converging optical element comprises a diffractive optical element. 1. A display system for displaying an image , the display system comprising:a reflective display comprising a plurality of display elements configured to modulate light incident on the reflective display; anda converging optical element positioned with respect to a surface of at least one of the plurality of display elements such that a focal length of the optical element is greater than a distance between the optical element and the surface,wherein the optical element has a lens aperture greater than a total aperture of two of the plurality of display elements.2. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the optical element comprises a diffractive optical element.3. The display system of claim 2 , wherein the optical element comprises a binary optical element.4. The display system of claim 2 , wherein the optical element comprises a diffuser.5. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the optical element has an aperture as large as a total aperture of the plurality of interferometric modulators.6. The display system of claim 1 , wherein the optical element comprises a lenticular lens.7. The display system of claim 2 , wherein the optical element is configured to spread the modulated light differently along a first axis of the display system than along a second axis of the display system.8. The display system of claim 7 , wherein the first axis is a horizontal axis and the second axis is a vertical axis.9. The display system of claim 1 , further comprising a light source claim 1 , wherein the optical element is configured to compensate for at least one optical property of the light source.10. The ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SENSING ACTUATION AND RELEASE VOLTAGES OF AN INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR

A method for sensing the actuation and/or release voltages of a electromechanical system or a microelectromechanical device include applying a varying voltage to the device and sensing its state and different voltage levels. In one embodiment, the device is part of a system comprising an array of interferometric modulators suitable for a display. The method can be used to compensate for temperature dependent changes in display pixel characteristics. 1. A system comprising:one or more electromechanical devices;a drive circuit configured to apply one or more test voltages or currents; anda sensing circuit configured to sense a state of at least one of the one or more electromechanical devices and determine one or both of an actuation voltage and a release voltage based at least in part on the sensed state of the at least one of the one or more electromechanical devices, wherein the sensing circuit is further configured to compare a sensed voltage of said at least one of the one or more electromechanical devices to a threshold voltage.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electromechanical devices includes one or more display elements.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electromechanical devices are arranged in an array to display images in response to signals from the drive circuit.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensing circuit includes resistive and capacitive elements in parallel.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensing circuit includes an integrator with one or more passive feedback components.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a timing control circuit.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the timing control circuit and the sensing circuit are embodied in an integrated circuit.8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the timing control circuit controls an activation of the one or more electromechanical devices.9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electromechanical devices include one or more interferometric ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMPTION IN A DISPLAY

A method and system for reducing power consumption in a display includes driving a display comprising a plurality of display elements having selectable resolution, wherein the display device is configured to operate at a plurality of selectable operational modes. In a first operational mode, data at a first resolution is provided to the display at a first data rate, and in a second operational mode, data at a second resolution is provided to the display at a second data rate. 1. An apparatus for displaying image data , the apparatus comprising:a display device comprising a plurality of display elements having selectable resolution, wherein the display device is configured to operate at a plurality of selectable operational modes; andan image data source configured to provide image data to the display device such that in a first operational mode, data at a first resolution is provided at a first data rate, and in a second operational mode, data at a second resolution is provided at a second data rate, wherein the first and second resolutions are different.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein in at least one of said operational modes claim 1 , said display device displays a reduced color gamut as compared to said first operational mode.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a communications network claim 1 , wherein said image data source is configured to provide said image data over said communications network.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein said image data source is configured to control said operational mode.5. The system of claim 3 , wherein the operational modes are selectable based at least in part on a data rate of said communications network.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the operational modes are selectable based at least in part on a data rate utilized by said communications network.7. The system of claim 3 , wherein the operational modes are selectable based at least in part on power data of the display device.8. The system of claim 3 , wherein ...

Back-to-back displays

Two-sided, back-to-back displays are formed by sealing the backplates of two displays against one another. Mechanical parameters of the backplates, e.g., stiffness and strength, do not meet the requirements for standalone one-sided displays which are otherwise similar to the two displays. However, when sealed against one another, the backplates reinforce each other to meet or exceed the requirements for both one-sided and two-sided displays. The presence of backplates on each of the constituent one-sided displays allows one or both of those displays to be individually tested, thereby increasing the production yield of the back-to-back displays. The display elements of the displays can comprise interferometric modulators.

CONTROLLER AND DRIVER FEATURES FOR DISPLAY

The invention comprises systems and methods for controller and driver features for displays, and in particular, controller and driver features that relate to displays. In one embodiment, such a display includes at least one driving circuit and an array comprising a plurality of display elements, where the array is configured to be driven by the driving circuit, and where the driving circuit is programmed to receive video data and provide a subset of the received video data to the array based on a frame skip count. In some embodiments, the frame skip count is programmable or dynamically determined. In another embodiment, a method of displaying data on an array having a plurality of display elements comprises receiving video data comprising a plurality of frames, displaying selected frames based upon a frame skip count, measuring the change between each selected frame and a frame previous to the selected frame, and displaying non-selected frames if the measured change is greater than or equal to a threshold. 1. A display , comprising:at least one driving circuit; andan array comprising a plurality of display elements, the array being configured to be driven by the driving circuit,wherein the driving circuit is configured to receive video data and provide at least a subset of the received video data to the array based on a frame skip count, the frame skip count indicating a number of refresh periods to skip before refreshing any portion of the entire array, andwherein determination of the frame skip count comprises selecting the frame skip count based on a measure of a change in video content between a selected frame of the plurality of frames and one or more frames received previous to the selected frame.2. The display of claim 1 , wherein the frame skip count is programmable.3. The display of claim 2 , wherein the frame skip count is dynamically determined.4. The display of claim 1 , wherein the driving circuit is further configured to provide a subset of the video ...

LIGHT FIXTURES AND INSTALLATION METHODS THEREOF

This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for securing a light fixture in place. In one aspect, the light fixture can be configured to retain an LED-based light engine, which may be thinner and/or lighter than conventional light engines. In another aspect, the light fixture can be configured to be installed in a pre-cut aperture in a structural member, such as a ceiling, soffit, or wall. In another aspect, the light fixture may include a serrated upper edge configured to cut into a structural member to form an aperture, without the need to pre-cut the aperture. 1. A self-anchoring light fixture , comprising:a body portion configured to retain a light engine;a bezel removably coupled to a first side of the body portion, wherein the bezel permits light from the light engine to exit the light fixture through a central portion of the bezel; anda hollow cylindrical member extending from a second side of the body portion opposite the first side and having a cross-sectional diameter, wherein the cylindrical member includes a serrated upper edge.2. The fixture of claim 1 , wherein the body portion has a first cross-sectional dimension claim 1 , and wherein the hollow cylindrical member has a cross-sectional diameter claim 1 , wherein the cross-sectional diameter of the cylindrical member is less than the first cross-sectional dimension of the body portion.3. The fixture of claim 1 , wherein the cylindrical member includes a pilot drill extending upwards beyond the serrated upward edge of the cylindrical member and a support assembly supporting the pilot drill.4. The fixture of claim 3 , wherein the support assembly includes a plurality of arms extending inwardly from the interior walls of the cylindrical member.5. The fixture of claim 3 , wherein at least the support assembly and the pilot drill are detachable from the light fixture.6. The fixture of claim 1 , wherein the cylindrical member includes a wiring adapter extending upward from the body portion along ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF SENSING ACTUATION AND RELEASE VOLTAGES OF AN INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR

A method for sensing the actuation and/or release voltages of a electromechanical system or a microelectromechanical device include applying a test pulse to the device and sensing its state. In one embodiment, the device is part of a system comprising an array of interferometric modulators suitable for a display. The method can be used to compensate for temperature dependent changes in display pixel characteristics. 1. A display device comprising:one or more electromechanical devices;a filter resistor connected in series with each row of electromechanical devices; anda sensing circuit for measuring the collective capacitance of each row of electromechanical devices.2. The display device of claim 1 , further comprising a driver circuit configured to sense an output of the sensor to determine a threshold voltage for use in testing the state of one or more of the devices.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electromechanical devices includes one or more display elements.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the one or more electromechanical devices are arranged in an array to display images in response to signals from the driver circuit.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensing circuit comprises resistive and capacitive elements in parallel.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensing circuit comprises an integrator with one or more passive feedback components.7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a timing control circuit.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the timing control circuit and the sensing circuit are embodied in an integrated circuit.9. The system of claim 7 , wherein the timing control circuit controls an activation of the one or more electromechanical devices.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electromechanical devices include one or more interferometric modulators.11. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electromechanical devices include a reflective surface.12. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one ...

CONDUCTIVE BUS STRUCTURE FOR INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATOR ARRAY

Embodiments of an interferometric modulator are disclosed having various enhancements and features including a conductive bus. In certain embodiments, the interferometric modulator has a first conductive layer suspended over a second electrode layer. In certain embodiments, a second conductive layer is provided over the first conductive layer. One of the first and/or second conductive buses may further connect to the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer. Other disclosed features can be incorporated into embodiments of the interferometric modulator to improve response time, power consumption, and image resolution. 1an array of structures, each structure including a first electrode layer and a movable layer having a second electrode layer and a reflective surface, the movable layer deformable in a direction towards the first electrode layer in response to a voltage applied across the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer;the first electrode layers of the array electrically connected in series in a first direction;the second electrode layers of the array electrically connected in series in a second direction; anda conductive bus structure electrically connected to either the first electrode layers in parallel with the electrical connections between the first electrode layers in the first direction, or the second electrode layers in parallel with the electrical connections between the second electrode layers in the second direction.. An electromechanical device, comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/155,264, filed on Jun. 7, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,390,547, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/875,613, filed on Oct. 19, 2007, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,982,700, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/057,045, filed on Feb. 11, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,289,259, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/613,372, filed on Sep. 27, 2004, the ...

Method and system for reducing power consumption in a display

A method and system for reducing power consumption in a display includes driving a display comprising a plurality of display elements having selectable resolution, wherein the display device is configured to operate at a plurality of selectable operational modes. In a first operational mode, data at a first resolution is provided to the display at a first data rate, and in a second operational mode, data at a second resolution is provided to the display at a second data rate.

LOW-PROFILE LIGHTING SYSTEMS

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatuses for low-profile lighting systems. In one aspect, a lighting apparatus can include a lighting apparatus having a light emitter and an electronics substrate including an electrical circuit. An unrolled capacitive film can be attached to the lighting apparatus and electrically coupled to the electrical circuit. 1. A lighting apparatus comprising:An assembly including a light source coupled to optical components and having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface;an electronics substrate including components of an electrical circuit mounted to the apparatus, the electronics substrate mechanically coupled to the first surface; andan unrolled capacitive film electrically coupled to the electrical circuit.2. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the capacitive film includes at least one of an electrolyte and a polymer layer.3. The lighting apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus includes a light guide plate and a light emitter coupled to the light guide plate claim 1 , a plurality of cooling fins coupled to the first surface claim 1 , and wherein a height of the electronics substrate and components is less than a height of the cooling fins.4. The lighting apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the capacitive film includes a substantially flat capacitive sheet claim 3 , and is positioned under the cooling fins.5. The lighting apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the capacitive sheet includes a dielectric layer disposed between a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer claim 4 , the capacitive sheet having a first surface defined by an outer surface of the first conductive layer and a second surface opposite the first surface and defined by an outer surface of the second conductive layer claim 4 , wherein the plurality of cooling fins are attached to the first surface of the capacitive sheet claim 4 , and wherein the second surface of the capacitive sheet is attached to the first ...

DMD display system

A digital video display system (100). The system receives digital data from either broadcast video (102) or an alternate source (107), in either analog or digital form. The system processes the data into display data and loads the data onto a digital micromirror device (112). The data is either formatted for color-sequencing or separated into color data for separate devices. The data causes the individual cells on the device to respond and then they are illuminated. The light coming from deflected cells is displayed on a display surface.

Method and apparatus for sequential color imaging

A sequential color system is provided in which a processor (22) is coupled to a memory (24) and a receiver (27). Images are generated by shining light from a light source (28) through a color wheel (30) and onto DMD array (26). Light from the DMD array (26) is shone on screen (32). By adjusting the speed and make-up of color wheel (30) color separation is greatly reduced or eliminated. Also there are techniques for sequential imaging which may be applied to other technologies, such as CRT technologies.

Image display and remote control system capable of displaying two distinct images

An image display system capable of displaying two distinct images at the same time. One image is shown on an image display device such as a television or computer monitor which is coupled to the image display system. The other image is shown on a remote control included in an image display system. A docking station is also part of the image display system. It is connected by standard audio-visual coaxial cable to the TV and associated video devices and sends compressed digital video signal information to the video remote control by RF communication. Both the docking station and the video remote control have RF antennas and receivers capable of sending digital RF signals. Digital command and information signals are exchanged between the docking station and video remote control to allow control from the remote control of the functions of the TV and other video devices. The remote control has a learning mode with on-screen feedback making the image display system backward and forward compatible with a wide array of image display devices. The invention is thought to be particularly useful for networked computer televisions.

Condensing device for spatial optical modulator

(57)【要約】 【課題】 集められる光の均一性及び量を増加する。 【解決手段】 光源（１３）から光を集め、ＳＬＭ（１ ５）の画素生成素子のアレイなどの長方形の表面へそれ を導く集光装置（１０）。第１のアレイ（１０ａ）は、 レンズ又はホログラフィック光学素子（ＨＯＥ）（２ １）のいずれから構成され、それぞれが光源からの光を 画像面の異なる地点へ導く。ＨＯＥの第２のアレイ（１ ０ｂ）は、画像面の近くに配置され、画像面の各光のス ポットに対し一つのＨＯＥ（２１）を有する。第２のア レイ（１０ｂ）の各ＨＯＥは、その対応する光のスポッ トからの光を照射される表面へ導き、その表面上に重ね られた多数の光のビームになる。

Method and system for packaging a MEMS device

A MEMS-based display device is described, wherein an array of interferometric modulators are configured to reflect light through a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate is sealed to a backplate and the backplate can contain electronic circuitry for controlling the array of interferometric modulators. The backplate can provide physical support for device components, such as electronic components which can be used to control the state of the display. The backplate can also be utilized as a primary structural support for the device.

Method and device for packaging a substrate

A package structure and method of packaging for an interferometric modulator. A thin film material is deposited over an interferometric modulator and transparent substrate to encapsulate the interferometric modulator. A gap or cavity between the interferometric modulator and the thin film provides a space in which mechanical parts of the interferometric modulator may move. The gap is created by removal of a sacrificial layer that is deposited over the interferometric modulator.

Spatial light modulator with integrated optical compensation structure

A spatial light modulator comprises an integrated optical compensation structure, e.g., an optical compensation structure arranged between a substrate and a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements, or an optical compensation structure located on the opposite side of the light-modulating elements from the substrate. The individually addressable light-modulating elements are configured to modulate light transmitted through or reflected from the transparent substrate. Methods for making such spatial light modulators involve fabricating an optical compensation structure over a substrate and fabricating a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements over the optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may be a passive optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may include one or more of a supplemental frontlighting source, a diffuser, a black mask, a diffractive optical element, a color filter, an anti-reflective layer, a structure that scatters light, a microlens array, and a holographic film.

Drive method for MEMS devices

Embodiments of exemplary MEMS interferometric modulators are arranged at intersections of rows and columns of electrodes. In certain embodiments, the column electrode has a lower electrical resistance than the row electrode. A driving circuit applies a potential difference of a first polarity across electrodes during a first phase and then quickly transition to applying a bias voltage having a polarity opposite to the first polarity during a second phase. In certain embodiments, an absolute value of the difference between the voltages applied to the row electrode is less than an absolute value of the difference between the voltages applied to the column electrode during the first and second phases.

Microelectromechanical systems device, interferometric modulator, method for fabricating an optical modulator, and method for operating a microelectromechanical systems device

Method and apparatus using sub-pixels with different intensity levels to increase the colour scale resolution of a display

The bit depth of a pixel (1400) comprising multiple display elements (1420), such as interferometric modulators, may be increased through the use of display elements having different intensities, while the lead count is minimally increased. An exemplary pixel (1400) with at least one display element (1420) having an intensity of 0.5 and N display elements (1420) each having an intensity of one can provide about 2N + 2 shades (e.g., 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, [N + 0.5]). In comparison, a pixel (1400) having N display elements (1420), each having an intensity of one, can only provide about N+1 shades (e.g., 0, 1, 2, ..., N). Thus, using at least one display element (1420) having an intensity lower than the intensity of each of the other display elements (1420) increases the number of shades provided by the pixel (1400) by an approximate factor of two and increases the bit depth of the pixel (1400), while minimizing the number of additional leads.

Method and device for multi-format television

A multi-format display system including hardware and algorithms for digital and High Definition Television. The system includes a light source (120), a tuner/preprocessor unit (114), a processor unit (118), a spatial light modulator (118), and a display surface (128). The processor unit can scale and format the data for a number of standardized-format video broadcast signals, and can perform additional interpolation to eliminate artifacts.

Method and apparatus for low range bit depth enhancement for mems display architectures

A light modulator device includes a first electrical conduit, a second electrical conduit electrically isolated from the first conduit, a first display element, and a second display element. The first display element is in an actuated state when a voltage difference between the first conduit and the second conduit has a magnitude greater than a first actuation voltage and is in a released state when the voltage difference has a magnitude less than a first release voltage. The second display element is in an actuated state when the voltage difference has a magnitude greater than a second actuation voltage and is in a released state when the voltage difference has a magnitude less than a second release voltage. Either the actuation voltages are substantially equal and the release voltages are different, or the actuation voltages are different and the release voltages are substantially equal.

Laser spot scanner with spatial light modulator

Television having a java engine and a removable device port

Method and apparatus for use with televisions having an internal Java engine are included among the embodiments. In exemplary systems, a PCMCIA port allows the Java engine to load and execute Java applets selected by the viewer. Provision is made for system-aware applets to run concurrently with platform-independent applets on different Java display planes that are merged for display. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

MEM devices and their manufacturing methods

Dispositivos MEMS e Respectivos Métodos de Fabrico Modalidades dos dispositivos MEMS compreendem uma camada móvel condutiva espaçada separadamente a partir de uma camada fixa condutiva por um intervalo e suportada por estruturas de suporte rígidas ou rebites, sobrepondo-se a depressões na camada móvel condutiva ou por camadas subadjacentes a depressões na camada móvel condutiva. Em certas modalidades, partes das estruturas de rebite estendem-se através da camada móvel e contatam camadas subadjacentes. Em outras modalidades, o material usado para formar as estruturas de suporte rígidas pode também ser usado para passivar condutores elétricos de outra forma expostas em conexão elétrica com os dispositivos MEMS, protegendo o condutores elétricos de dano ou outras interferências. MEMS Devices and Their Manufacturing Methods MEMS device embodiments comprise a conductive movable layer spaced separately from a conductive fixed layer by a gap and supported by rigid support structures or rivets, overlapping depressions in the conductive movable layer or layers. underlying depressions in the conductive mobile layer. In certain embodiments, portions of the rivet structures extend through the movable layer and contact underlying layers. In other embodiments, the material used to form the rigid support structures may also be used to passivate otherwise exposed electrical conductors in electrical connection with MEMS devices, protecting the electrical conductors from damage or other interference.

Composite connector in an interferometric optical modulator and manufacturing method

Built-in optical calibration system

Analog interferometric modulator device with electrostatic actuation and release

A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device includes a first electrode, a second electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode, and a third electrode electrically insulated from the first electrode and the second electrode. The MEMS device also includes a support structure which separates the first electrode from the second electrode and a reflective element located and movable between a first position and a second position. The reflective element is in contact with a portion of the device when in the first position and is not in contact with the portion of the device when in the second position. An adhesive force is generated between the reflective element and the portion when the reflective element is in the first position. Voltages applied to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the third electrode at least partially reduce or counteract the adhesive force.

Dual display with illuminating assembly for backlighting one panel and for frontlighting the other panel

40 METHODS AND DEVICE'S FOR LIGHTING DISPLAYS ABSTRACT 5 VARIOUS DEVICES AND METHODS OF LIGHTING A DISPLAY ARE DISCLOSED. IN ONE EMBODIMENT, FOR EXAMPLE, A DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDES A TRANSMISSIVE DISPLAY CONFIGURED TO BE ILLUMINATED THROUGH A BACK SURFACE AND A REFLEC(I 0.000000E+00 DISPLAY CONFIGURED TO BE ILLUMINATED THROUGH A FRONT SURFACE. A LIGHT SOURCE IS DISPOSED WITH RESPECT TO THE BACK OF THE TRANSMISSIVE DISPLAY TO ILLUMINATE (LIE TRANSMISSIVE DISPLAN,ILIROUGHTHEB,ICKSURFACE. ALIGLITPIPEISDISPOSED@NITLIRESPECTTOTLIELIGLITSOTIRCELORECEI,E 10 LIGHT FROM THE LIGHT SOURCE AND IS CORIFIGURED TO PROPAGATE THE LIGHT SUCH THAT THIS LIGHT PROIDES FRONT ILLUMINATION OF THE RENECTIVE DISPLAY.

Controller and driver features for bi-stable display

The invention comprises systems and methods for controller and driver features for displays, and in particular, controller and driver features that relate to displays with bi-stable display elements. In one embodiment, such a display includes at least one driving circuit and an array comprising a plurality of bi-stable display elements, where the array is configured to be driven by the driving circuit, and where the driving circuit is programmed to receive video data and provide a subset of the received video data to the array based on a frame skip count. In some embodiments, the frame skip count is programmable or dynamically determined. In another embodiment, a method of displaying data on an array having a plurality of bi-stable display elements comprises receiving video data comprising a plurality of frames, displaying selected frames based upon a frame skip count, measuring the change between each selected frame and a frame previous to the selected frame, and displaying non-selected frames if the measured change is greater than or equal to a threshold.

Dmd scanner

A scanning optical system is disclosed. The system consists of a spatial light modulator (18) with minimum diffraction effects that can be scanned line by line, a detector (32) appropriate to the application and appropriate optics (30, 28, 16). One application of such a system is in the infrared realm. The disclosure eliminates the need for a spinning mirror that is standard in infrared scanning systems. Another application is in photocopying. Using a line scanning device, such as a membrane deformable mirror device, eliminates the need for a moving light bar.

DMD architecture and timing for use in a pulse-width modulated display system

It is possible to replace a standard tuning unit in a television with spatial light modulator circuitry to improve the resolution seen by the viewer. The invention herein provides a system architecture, individual part of the system and techniques for minimizing the burst data rate while maintaining a reasonable system speed. The resultant system provides better resolution with a manageable data rate and bandwidth.

Method and apparatus for sequential color imaging

Summarization of football video content

Summarization of video content including football.

System and method for packing data into video processor

A system (30) for packing data into a video processor is provided. System (30) comprises demultiplexer (32), first and second first in-first out buffer memories (34) and (36), and multiplexes (38). Demultiplexer (32) divides a field of video data into first and second parts (42) and (44). First and second parts (42) and (44) are stared in first first in-first out buffer memories (34) and (36), respectively. Multiplexes (38) combines one line from first first in-first out buffer memory (34) with one line from second first in-first out buffer memory (36) to form a single line for processing.

Dual film light guide for illuminating displays

Spatial light modulator with integrated optical compensation structure

A spatial light modulator comprises an integrated optical compensation structure, e.g., an optical compensation structure arranged between a substrate and a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements, or an optical compensation structure located on the opposite side of the light-modulating elements from the substrate. The individually addressable light-modulating elements are configured to modulate light transmitted through or reflected from the transparent substrate. Methods for making such spatial light modulators involve fabricating an optical compensation structure over a substrate and fabricating a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements over the optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may be a passive optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may include one or more of a supplemental frontlighting source, a diffuser, a black mask, a diffractive optical element, a color filter, an anti-reflective layer, a structure that scatters light, a microlens array, and a holographic film.

Support structures for electromechanical systems and methods of fabricating the same

A method of making an interferometric modulator element includes forming at least two posts, such as posts formed from spin-on glass, on a substrate. In alternate embodiments, the posts may be formed after certain layers of the modulator elements have been deposited on the substrate. An interferometric modulator element includes at least two spin-on glass support posts located on the substrate. In alternate embodiments, the support posts may be located over certain layers of the modulator element, rather than on the substrate. A method of making an interferometric modulator element includes forming a rigid cap over a support post. An interferometric modulator element includes support posts having rigid cap members.

Method and system for packaging a mems device

Mems devices having support structures and methods of fabricating the same

Embodiments of MEMS devices comprise a conductive movable layer spaced apart from a conductive fixed layer by a gap, and supported by rigid support structures, or rivets, overlying depressions in the conductive movable layer, or by posts underlying depressions in the conductive movable layer. In certain embodiments, portions of the rivet structures extend through the movable layer and contact underlying layers. In other embodiments, the material used to form the rigid support structures may also be used to passivate otherwise exposed electrical leads in electrical connection with the MEMS devices, protecting the electrical leads from damage or other interference.

Conductive bus structure for interferometric modulator array

Embodiments of an interferometric modulator are disclosed having various enhancements and features including a conductive bus. In certain embodiments, the interferometric modulator has a first conductive layer suspended over a second electrode layer. In certain embodiments, a second conductive layer is provided over the first conductive layer. One of the first and/or second conductive buses may further connect to the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer. Other disclosed features can be incorporated into embodiments of the interferometric modulator to improve response time, power consumption, and image resolution.

Method of making micromechanical interferometric apparatus element

A method of making an interferometric modulator element includes forming at least two posts, such as posts formed from spin-on glass, on a substrate. In alternate embodiments, the posts may be formed after certain layers of the modulator elements have been deposited on the substrate. An interferometric modulator element includes at least two spin-on glass support posts located on the substrate. In alternate embodiments, the support posts may be located over certain layers of the modulator element, rather than on the substrate. A method of making an interferometric modulator element includes forming a rigid cap over a support post. An interferometric modulator element includes support posts having rigid cap members.

Device for writing to and reading from optical storage media

A system for writing to, and reading from, optical media. For writing, the media changes when subjected to high intensity modulated light representing an image, such that the image is recorded. A deformable micro-mirror device (DMD) receives electrical input representing the image to be recorded. A high intensity light source illuminates the DMD, which reflects modulated light to an imaging lens. The lens focusses the image onto the media. To record multiple images on the same media, various embodiments provide for scanning across the media. For reading, the media is illuminated with uniform low intensity light. The DMD provides this uniform light, which is transmitted through a pre-recorded media to an image capture device.

System and method of reducing color shift in a display

A system and method of reducing color shift in a display includes an interferometric modulator display configured to reflect light from at least one light source and through at least one converging optical element in an optical path from the light source to a viewer via the display. In one embodiment, the converging optical element comprises a diffractive optical element.

System and method of transmitting video data

Method and system for reducing power consumption in a display

A method and system for reducing power consumption in a display includes driving a display comprising a plurality of display elements characterized by a display state. In a first mode of operation, the display state of substantially all the display elements is periodically reset so as to display a first series of image frames. Upon changing to a second mode of operation, a second mode of operations comprises re-setting the display state of only a portion of the display elements so as to display a second series of image frames at a display element resolution which is less than said display element resolution used to display said first series of image frames.

Summarization of football video content

Summarization of video content including football.

System and method of sensing actuation and release voltages of an interferometric modulator

A method for sensing the actuation and/or release voltages of a electromechanical system or a microelectromechanical device include applying a varying voltage to the device and sensing its state and different voltage levels. In one embodiment, the device is part of a system comprising an array of interferometric modulators suitable for a display. The method can be used to compensate for temperature dependent changes in display pixel characteristics.

Support structure for mems device and methods therefor

A microelectromechanical systems device having support structures formed of sacrificial material surrounded by a protective material. The microelectromechanical systems device includes a substrate having an electrode formed thereon. Another electrode is separated from the first electrode by a cavity and forms a movable layer, which is supported by support structures formed of a sacrificial material.

Summarization of baseball video content

Summarization of video content that includes the identification of a plurality of segments from a Video including baseball. In some embodiments the system does not use a model sequence of frames.

Method and system for packaging a mems device

A MEMS-BASED DISPLAY DEVICE (600) IS DESCRIBED, WHEREIN AN ARRAY (604) OF INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATORS ARE CONFIGURED TO REFLECT LIGHT THROUGH A TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATE (602). THE TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATE IS SEALED TO A BACKPLATE (608) AND THE BACKPLATE CAN CONTAIN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY FOR CONTROLLING THE ARRAY OF INTERFEROMETRIC MODULATORS. THE BACKPLATE CAN PROVIDE PHYSICAL SUPPORT FOR DEVICE COMPONENTS, SUCH AS ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS WHICH CAN BE USED TO CONTROL THE STATE OF THE DISPLAY. THE BACKPLATE CAN ALSO BE UTILIZED AS A PRIMARY STRUCTURAL SUPPORT FOR THE DEVICE.

Image scanner provided with a deformable mirror device

Method of making a digital flexure beam accelerometer

It is possible to determine acceleration using an array of micro-machined elements. The invention described herein details how to do so by fabricating an array of structures with a substrate, addressing circuitry, a spacer layer forming a well over the addressing circuitry, and a deflection element over the well. The deflection elements are configured so each element is deflected by a higher acceleration. The invention also shows one embodiment of the invention.

Angle sweeping holographic illuminator

Non-systolic time delay and integration printing

A method for printing or exposing photosensitive media is disclosed herein. The method uses standard spatial light modulators with standard addressing circuitry. The data is written to the device for the first row, the photosensitive media is exposed to the light reflected from the device, and the device is turned off. The data from the first row is then written to the second line of the device, and new data is loaded into the first line of the device. The media is again exposed. This is repeated until the entire region of the drum is completely exposed. The device can be repositioned to cover a different region of the drum and the process would be repeated.

Digital micromirror device architecture and timing for use in a pulse-width modulated display system

It is possible to replace a standard tuning unit in a television with spatial light modulator circuitry (68) to improve the resolution seen by the viewer. The invention herein provides a system architecture (240), individual part of the system and techniques for minimizing the burst data rate while maintaining a reasonable system speed. The resultant system provides better resolution with a manageable data rate and bandwidth.

Support structure for mems device and methods therefor

A microelectromechanical systems device having support structures formed of sacrificial material surrounded by a protective material. The microelectromechanical systems device includes a substrate having an electrode formed thereon. Another electrode is separated from the first electrode by a cavity and forms a movable layer, which is supported by support structures formed of a sacrificial material.

Image scanner provided with a deformable mirror device

A scanning optical system is disclosed. The system consists of a spatial light modulator (18) with minimum diffraction effects that can be scanned line by line, a detector (32) appropriate to the application and appropriate optics (30, 28, 16). One application of such a system is in the infrared realm. The disclosure eliminates the need for a spinning mirror that is standard in infrared scanning systems. Another application is in photocopying. Using a line scanning device, such as a membrane deformable mirror device, eliminates the need for a moving light bar.

Image scanner with deformable mirror device

Method and apparatus for sequential color imaging

A sequential color system is provided in which a processor (22) is coupled to a memory (24) and a receiver (27). Images are generated by shining light from a light source (28) through a color wheel (30) and onto DMD array (26). Light from the DMD array (26) is shone on screen (32). By adjusting the speed and make-up of color wheel (30) color separation is greatly reduced or eliminated. Also disclosed are techniques for sequential imaging which may be applied to other technologies, such as CRT technologies.

Controller and driver features for bi-stable display

The invention comprises systems and methods for controller and driver features for displays, and in particular, controller and driver features that relate to displays with bi-stable display elements. In one embodiment, such a display includes at least one driving circuit and an array comprising a plurality of bi-stable display elements, where the array is configured to be driven by the driving circuit, and where the driving circuit is programmed to receive video data and provide a subset of the received video data to the array based on a frame skip count. In some embodiments, the frame skip count is programmable or dynamically determined. In another embodiment, a method of displaying data on an array having a plurality of bi-stable display elements comprises receiving video data comprising a plurality of frames, displaying selected frames based upon a frame skip count, measuring the change between each selected frame and a frame previous to the selected frame, and displaying non-selected frames if the measured change is greater than or equal to a threshold.

Display region architectures

A bit depth of a pixel comprising multiple display elements, such as interferometric modulators, may be increased through the use of display elements having different intensities, while the lead count is minimally increased. An exemplary pixel with at least one display element having an intensity of 0.5 and N display elements each having an intensity of one can provide about 2N+1 shades (e.g., 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, [N+0.5]). In comparison, a pixel having N display elements, each having an intensity of one, can only provide about N+1 shades (e.g., 0, 1, 2, . . . , N). Thus, using at least one display element having an intensity lower than the intensity of each of the other display elements increases the number of shades provided by the pixel by an approximate factor of two and increases the bit depth of the pixel, while minimizing the number of additional leads.

Direct view deformable mirror device

A faceplate (10a) for directly viewing an image generated by a digital micromirror device (10b), which generates images by tilting tiny mirror elements (11) to on or off positions. The faceplate (10a) has a number of optical fibers (12) parallel to each other and closely spaced together. The ends of the optical fibers (12) are the top and bottom surfaces of the faceplate (10a). Both ends of each fiber (12) is sliced at an angle determined by the on position of the mirror elements (11). This permits light to travel down the fibers (12) and be reflected back to the viewer by only those mirror elements (11) that are on.

Direct view deformable mirror device

System and method of reducing color shift in a display

A system and method of reducing color shift in a display includes an interferometric modulator display configured to reflect light from at least one light source and through at least one converging optical element in an optical path from the light source to a viewer via the display. In one embodiment, the converging optical element comprises a diffractive optical element.

System and method of providing a regenerating protective coating in a MEMS device

In various embodiments of the invention, a regenerating protective coating is formed on at least one surface of an interior cavity of a MEMS device. Particular embodiments provide a regenerating protective coating on one or more mirror surfaces of an interferometric light modulation device, also known as an iMoD in some embodiments. The protective coating can be regenerated through the addition of heat or energy to the protective coating.

Integrated modulator illumination

A spatial light modulator includes an array of elements to modulate light in accordance with image data. The modulator has a display panel having first and second surfaces arranged adjacent to the array of elements such that the second surface is directly adjacent the array of elements to allow a viewer to view an image produced by modulation of light The modulator may also include a light source to provide light to the display panel and illumination dots on the first surface of the display panel to reflect light from the source to the array of elements.

DMD Architecture to improve horizontal resolution

A method and device for increasing the effective horizontal resolution of a display device. One embodiment forms a cardinal array of digital micromirror elements by staggering alternate rows in an array. According to a second embodiment, an ordinal pixel array 57, is converted to a cardinal pixel array, by grouping SLM elements 59, 61, 63, and 65 into a pixel block 58. All of the elements in a pixel block are controlled in unison such that the pixel block acts like a single pixel. Rows of pixel blocks 67 and 69 are offset to provide the effect of a cardinal array of pixels without the decrease in efficiency sometimes associated with cardinal pixel arrays.

Angle sweeping holographic illuminator

Light guides of various shapes are configured to adjust the angle of the individual light rays in a bundle of light within the light guide so that the angle of the respective rays are adjusted towards an acceptance angle of a hologram embedded within the light guide. The hologram embedded in the light guide is configured to eject individual rays towards the display elements when the respective rays are within a range of acceptance angles.

System and method of sensing actuation and release voltages of an interferometric modulator

本發明提供一種用於感應一微機電裝置之觸發電壓及/或釋放電壓之方法，其包括向該裝置施加一變化電壓並感應其狀態及不同電壓位準。在一實施例中，該裝置係一包含一適用於一顯示器之干涉式調變器陣列之系統的一部分。該方法可用於補償顯示像素特性之依溫度而定之變化。

Interferometric modulator in transmission mode

A transmissive micromechanical device includes a substrate, an optical stack over the substrate and a moveable membrane over the optical stack. The moveable membrane may include a partially reflective mirror and be configured to move from a first position to a second position. When the movable membrane is in the first position the transmissive micromechanical device is configured to pass light of a predetermined color and when the movable membrane is in the second position, the micromechanical device is configured to block substantially all of light incident on the substrate.

Method and system for driving a bi-stable display

Interface system for receiving a video data transmission

A system comprises a display controller (29) having two interfaces for receiving video data. The video data that is transmitted to the first (202) of the two interfaces is stored in a frame buffer (28). Video data that is transmitted to the second (204) of the two interfaces is transmitted independently of the frame buffer and directly to an array driver (22) for display. The display (30) comprises an array of bi-stable elements, e.g. interferometric modulators in which video data is retained. By limiting the usage of a frame buffer, potential power savings may be achieved. In one embodiment, a client device is manufactured to not include any frame buffer to further reduce manufacturing costs and obtain thither power savings.

Distributed illumination system

The present invention introduces a new class of lightweight tile-based illumination systems for uses wherein thin directionally-illuminating light distributing engines are embedded into the body of otherwise standard building materials like conventional ceiling tiles along with associated means of electrical control and electrical power interconnection. As a new class of composite light emitting ceiling materials, the present invention enables a lighter weight more flexibly distributed overhead lighting system alternatives for commercial office buildings and residential housing without changing the existing materials. One or more spot lighting, task lighting, flood lighting and wall washing elements having cross-sectional thickness matched to that of the building material or tile into which they are embedded, are contained and interconnected within the material body's cross-section. Embedded power control devices interconnected to each lighting element in the distributed system communicate with a central switching center that thereby controls each light-emitting element in the system.

Method and system for reducing power consumption in a display

A method and system for reducing power consumption in a display includes driving a display comprising a plurality of display elements characterized by a display state. In a first mode of operation, the display state of substantially all the display elements is periodically re-set so as to display a first series of image frames. Upon changing to a second mode of operation, a second mode of operations comprises re-setting the display state of only a portion of the display elements so as to display a second series of image frames at a display element resolution which is less than said display element resolution used to display said first series of image frames.

DMD architecture and timing for use in a pulse-width modulated display system

A memory unit comprises a decimation processor operable to receive and convert video data such that said video data can be loaded onto the control circuitry for a spatial light modulator array. At least one input buffer is electrically connected to said decimation processor, wherein said input buffer receives video data from said decimation processor. At least one input shift register is connected to said input buffer via a controlled bus for receiving data from said input buffer when said bus is controlled so as to allow the data to be transferred to said input shift register. To said input shift register at least one array of memory cells is connected to said input shift register for storing data received from said input shift register. An output shift register is electrically connected to said at least one array of memory cells. A controlled bus line electrically connected between an output shift register and the control circuitry for a spatial light modulator is provided such that said data is transferred from said array of memory cells to said output shift register and onto said bus in response to control signals from said controlled bus.

Digital flexure beam accelerometer

Acceleration is measured using an array of micro-machined elements. The array is configured so each successive element is deflected by a higher acceleration. For each acceleration there will be a set of elements that is deflected. By determining the transition point between deflected and undeflected elements, the acceleration can be measured.

Device for writing and reading an optical storage medium

Digital micromirror device architecture and timing for use in a pulse-width modulated display system

It is possible to replace a standard tuning unit in a television with spatial light modulator circuitry (68) to improve the resolution seen by the viewer. The invention herein provides a system architecture (240), individual part of the system and techniques for minimizing the burst data rate while maintaining a reasonable system speed. The resultant system provides better resolution with a manageable data rate and bandwidth.

Integrated modulator illumination

A spatial light modulator includes an array of elements to modulate light in accordance with image data. The modulator has a display panel having first and second surfaces arranged adjacent to the array of elements such that the second surface is directly adjacent the array of elements to allow a viewer to view an image produced by modulation of light The modulator may also include a light source to provide light to the display panel and illumination dots on the first surface of the display panel to reflect light from the source to the array of elements.

Spatial light modulator with integrated optical compensation structure

A spatial light modulator comprises an integrated optical compensation structure, e.g., an optical compensation structure arranged between a substrate and a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements, or an optical compensation structure located on the opposite side of the light-modulating elements from the substrate. The individually addressable light-modulating elements are configured to modulate light transmitted through or reflected from the transparent substrate. Methods for making such spatial light modulators involve fabricating an optical compensation structure over a substrate and fabricating a plurality of individually addressable light-modulating elements over the optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may be a passive optical compensation structure. The optical compensation structure may include one or more of a supplemental frontlighting source, a diffuser, a black mask, a diffractive optical element, a color filter, an anti-reflective layer, a structure that scatters light, a microlens array, and a holographic film.

Display device with pointer position detection

System and method of providing a regenerating protective coating in a mems device

In various embodiments of the invention, a regenerating protective coating is formed on at least one surface of an interior cavity of a MEMS device 80. Particular embodiments provide a regenerating protective coating 170 on one or more mirror surfaces of an interferometric light modulation device, also known as an iMoD in some embodiments. The protective coating can be regenerated through the addition of heat or energy to the protective coating.

Backlight displays

A transmissive backlit display is disclosed. In one aspect, the backlit display comprises a backlight and an array of transmissive interferometric modulators. Each interferometric modulator comprises a fixed and moving dielectric mirror stack. The interferometric modulators cause light within the desired wavelength range to be transmitted while reflecting at least a portion of the remaining light.

Spatial light modulator with integrated optical compensation structure

【課題】アドレス可能な光変調素子のアレイを含む表示デバイスを提供する。 【解決手段】空間光変調器４０は、一体化された受動的光学補正構造物４１、又は、透明基板４２に関して光変調素子４４の反対側に配置された受動的光学補正構造物４１、を具備する。個々にアドレス可能な光変調素子４４は、透明基板４２内を透過された光又は透明基板４２から反射された光を変調するように構成される。空間光変調器４０を製造する方法は、受動的光学補正構造物４１を基板上方に製造することと、複数の個々にアドレス可能な光変調素子４４を受動的光学補正構造物４１上方に製造すること、とを含む。受動的光学補正構造物４１は、補足的フロント照明源、ディフューザ、ブラックマスク、回折光学素子、カラーフィルタ、反射防止層、光を散乱させる構造物、マイクロレンズアレイ、及びホログラフィー膜のうちの１つ以上を含むことができる。 【選択図】図５Ａ

Projection display system using polarized light

Separable modulator

A separable modulator architecture is disclosed. The modulator has a mirror suspended from a flexible layer over a cavity. The flexible layer also forms supports and support posts for the mirror. An alternative separable modulator architecture has a mirror suspended over a cavity. The modulator is supported by supports and support posts. The support posts comprise a flexible layer over support post plugs. A bus structure may be formed upon the flexible layer arranged over the support posts.

Dual display with illuminating assembly for backlighting one panel and for frontlighting the other panel

Various devices and methods of lighting a display are disclosed. In one embodiment, for example, a display device includes a transmissive display configured to be illuminated through a back surface and a reflective display configured to be illuminated through a front surface. A light source is disposed with respect to the back of the transmissive display to illuminate the transmissive display through the back surface. A light pipe is disposed with respect to the light source to receive light from the light source and is configured to propagate the light such that this light provides front illumination of the reflective display.

Linear solid state illuminator

An illuminator for a display (206) is provided that includes a light guide plate (204) to substantially cover a viewable portion of the display (206), and a thin film light emitting source (202). Light from the thin film light emitting source (202) is directed into an edge of the light guide plate (204) to provide light for the viewable portion of the display (206).

Distributed lighting control system

The Distributed Lighting Control System (DLCS) is based upon a distributed lighting system, which imbeds luminaire devices in structural materials such as ceiling tiles and wallboard. Each luminaire device is attached to a power network, and each luminaire device includes, or is directly associated with, an electronic circuit component that controls the activation and operation of the luminaire. In normal operation the power network is energized and the electronic circuit controls when and how the luminaire itself is energized based on signals conveyed to the circuit through wireless means or through signals imposed upon the power grid. Said signals are generated by the DLCS-controller, which is resident within the structure that contains the DLCS.

Device for writing to and reading from optical storage media

A system for writing to, and reading from, optical media (10). For writing, the media changes when subjected to high intensity modulated light representing an image, such that the image is recorded. A deformable micro-mirror device (DMD)(130) receives electrical input representing the image to be recorded. A high intensity light source (120) illuminates the DMD (130), which reflects modulated light to an imaging lens (140). The lens focusses the image onto the media (160). To record multiple images on the same media, various means provide for scanning across the media. For reading, the media is illuminated with uniform low intensity light. The DMD provides this uniform light, which is transmitted through a pre-recorded media to an image capture device (170).

Dual display with illuminating assembly for backlighting one panel and for frontlighting the other panel

Various devices and methods of lighting a display are disclosed. A display device includes a first reflective display (80) configured to be illuminated through a front surface and a second display (84,182). A light source (90,192,194) is disposed with respect to the back of the first reflective display (80) and the second display (84,182). A light pipe (134,196,198) disposed rearward of the first reflective display (80) and to receive light from the light source (90,192,194). A second light pipe is disposed forward of the first reflective display (80) and configured to propagate the light such that it provides illumination of the first reflective display (80). The light source (90,192,194) also illuminates the second display (84,182).

Non-systolic time delay and integration printing

A method for printing or exposing photosensitive media is disclosed herein. The method uses standard spatial light modulators with standard addressing circuitry. The data is written to the device for the first row, the photosensitive media is exposed to the light reflected from the device, and the device is turned off. The data from the first row is then written to the second line of the device, and new data is loaded into the first line of the device. The media is again exposed. This is repeated until the entire region of the drum is completely exposed. The device can be repositioned to cover a different region of the drum and the process would be repeated.

Mirror and mirror layer for optical modulator and method

Described herein are systems, devices, and methods relating to packaging electronic devices, for example, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, including optical modulators such as interferometric optical modulators. The interferometric modulator disclosed herein comprises a movable mirror. Some embodiments of the disclosed movable mirror exhibit a combination of improved properties compared to known mirrors, including reduced moving mass, improved mechanical properties, and reduced etch times.

Linear solid state illuminator

An illuminator for a display (206) is provided that includes a light guide plate (204) to substantially cover a viewable portion of the display (206), and a thin film light emitting source (202). Light from the thin film light emitting source (202) is directed into an edge of the light guide plate (204) to provide light for the viewable portion of the display (206).

Linear solid state illuminator

An illuminator for a display (206) is provided that includes a light guide plate (204) to substantially cover a viewable portion of the display (206), and a thin film light emitting source (202). Light from the thin film light emitting source (202) is directed into an edge of the light guide plate (204) to provide light for the viewable portion of the display (206).

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Steuerung des Betriebs eines Bilderzeugungssystems