Method and apparatus for detecting defects on substrate

A method for detecting a defect on a substrate, including receiving a first image, generating a second image, by converting the first image to grayscale levels, calculating a first gray level value, having a maximum number of pixels in the second image, and second and third gray level values, having a number of pixels in the second image equal to a predetermined fraction of the first gray level value, from a histogram of the number of pixels respective to the grayscale levels of the second image, converting the second image into a third image having pixels at a level lower than that of the first gray level value and a fourth image having pixels at a level equal to or higher than the first gray level value, generating fifth and sixth images by detecting edges by applying a Canny algorithm to the third and fourth images, respectively.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING DEFECTS ON SUBSTRATE

A method for detecting a defect on a substrate, including receiving a first image, generating a second image, by converting the first image to grayscale levels, calculating a first gray level value, having a maximum number of pixels in the second image, and second and third gray level values, having a number of pixels in the second image equal to a predetermined fraction of the first gray level value, from a histogram of the number of pixels respective to the grayscale levels of the second image, converting the second image into a third image having pixels at a level lower than that of the first gray level value and a fourth image having pixels at a level equal to or higher than the first gray level value, generating fifth and sixth images by detecting edges by applying a Canny algorithm to the third and fourth images, respectively.

METHOD AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE FOR MANAGING NETWORK RESOURCES AMONG APPLICATION TRAFFIC

A method and an electronic device for managing network resources among application traffic are provided. The method comprises identifying a real time application that is running on the electronic device and consuming network resources, determining whether the real time application belongs to a prioritized class, based on the real time application belonging to the prioritized class, determining a User Identifier (UID) of the real time application, and prioritizing the network resources for the real time application based on the UID.

Battery protection circuit module package, battery pack and electronic device including same

Provided are a battery protection circuit module package capable of achieving high integration and size reduction, and a battery pack and an electronic device including the same. The battery protection circuit module package includes a lead frame including a plurality of leads space apart from each other, and capable of being coupled and electrically connected to electrode tabs of a battery cell, battery protection circuit devices mounted on the lead frame and including a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) structure, and an encapsulant for encapsulating the battery protection circuit devices to expose a part of the lead frame.

Electronic device and method for registering ownership

An electronic device comprises: at least one communication circuit configured to provide communication with a first external electronic device or a second external electronic device; at least one processor operatively connected to the at least one communication circuit; and a memory including device registration request information and operatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory may store instructions configured to cause, when executed, at least one processor to: transmit, to the first external electronic device, a device registration request including at least device registration request information for registering the electronic device to the second external electronic device when a first communication is connected with the first external electronic device through the at least one communication circuit; receive a response to the device registration request from the first external electronic device; receive, from the second external electronic device, device registration update information that is updated on the basis of the registration request of the electronic device, based on the response, when a second communication is connected with the second external electronic device through the at least one communication circuit; and store the received device registration update information in the memory.

SECURE CONNECTION METHOD AND APPARATUS OF ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A secure connection method and apparatus is provided for establishing secure connections among a plurality of electronic devices forming a group network. The data communication method includes generating, when creating or joining a group network, an encryption key using a password entered by a user. The data communication method also includes generating an identifier of the group network. The data communication method further includes generating a hash function predefined among the electronic devices of the group network. The data communication method includes performing data communication using the encryption key. 1. A data communication method of an electronic device , the method comprising:generating an identifier of a group network based on a password entered by a user;generating an encryption key based on the password and the identifier; andcommunicating data using the encryption key in the group network.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the generating of the encryption key comprises:executing a hash function; andgenerating the encryption key based on the password, the identifier, and the hash function.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the generating of the encryption key comprises:executing the hash function with the input of the password and the identifier; andgenerating a 128-bit encryption key using the hash function.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the generating of the identifier comprises:generating a 48-bit temporary value based on the password; andconfiguring the temporary value as the identifier of the group network.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the identifier is a 48-bit Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID).6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the identifier is included in a beacon frame broadcast periodically.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the group network comprises a plurality electronic devices including a same hash function for use in generating the encryption key.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the communicating of the data ...

Apparatus for analyzing active material of secondary battery and method of analyzing active material using the same

An apparatus for analyzing an active material of a secondary battery may include: a first electrode; a piezoelectric layer on the first electrode; a second electrode on the piezoelectric layer, configured to provide a voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of the first electrode; and/or an insulating layer on the second electrode and including a through hole exposing a portion of the second electrode. A method of analyzing an active material of a secondary battery may include: disposing an active material in a through hole of a bulk acoustic resonator, in which a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, a second electrode, and an insulating layer are stacked; measuring a resonance frequency of the resonator by applying an electric signal to the first and second electrodes of the resonator; and/or measuring a weight of the active material in the through hole, based on the measured resonance frequency.

Non-transitory computer-readable medium storing program code generating wafer map based on generative adversarial networks and computing device including the same

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program code including an image generation model, which when executed, causes a processor to input input data including sampling data of some of a plurality of semiconductor dies of a wafer to a generator network of the image generation model and output a wafer map indicating the plurality of semiconductor dies, and to input the wafer map output from the generator network to a discriminator network of the image generation model and discriminate the wafer map.

TOP SUPPORT STRUCTURE OF TENT FRAME

A top support structure of a tent frame includes a top pivot holder (1), to which a plurality of support poles (10) are pivotally coupled. An elastic member (9) is provided between each support pole and the pivot holder. The elastic member folds and stores elasticity energy when the tent frame is folded and automatically springs the support poles when the elasticity energy is released. A control holder (2) is pivotally coupled to the bottom of the pivot holder, and the control holder has lock pieces (211) which can prop the support poles up to limit their rotation and release grooves (212) adjacent to the lock pieces which can release the limitation. On the top of pivot grooves (12) of the pivot holder are provided with position-limited devices (D) to prevent the support poles from rotating upwards.

System, apparatus and method for managing satellite operation service

Provided are a satellite operation service management system, a satellite operation service management apparatus, and a satellite operation service management method, and the satellite operation service management apparatus may include a ground station manager configured to generate a control signal for a space ground station based on the space ground station to be used for control of an artificial satellite and a time slot to be used by the space ground station; and a communicator configured to transmit the control signal to the space ground station to be used.

RF-FSO linkage method and ground station system performing the same

Provided is a ground station system for performing a radio frequency-free space optics (RF-FSO) linkage method, the ground station system including a first receiver including a first antenna configured to receive an optical signal including data from a satellite; a second receiver including a second antenna configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal including data from the satellite; and a processor configured to estimate data that is determined to have been transmitted from the satellite using the data received from the first receiver and thereby decoded and the data received from the second receiver and thereby decoded and transmit the estimated data to a data server, and thereby providing satellite communication through another satellite communication link regardless of a degradation in any one satellite communication link performance.

Top support structure of tent frame

A top support structure of a tent frame includes a top pivot holder (1), to which a plurality of support poles (10) are pivotally coupled. An elastic member (9) is provided between each support pole and the pivot holder. The elastic member folds and stores elasticity energy when the tent frame is folded and automatically springs the support poles when the elasticity energy is released. A control holder (2) is pivotally coupled to the bottom of the pivot holder, and the control holder has lock pieces (211) which can prop the support poles up to limit their rotation and release grooves (212) adjacent to the lock pieces which can release the limitation. On the top of pivot grooves (12) of the pivot holder are provided with position-limited devices (D) to prevent the support poles from rotating upwards.

Apparatus and method for providing application service using satellite image

Provided is an apparatus and method for providing an application service using a satellite image. An application service providing apparatus using a satellite image may include a satellite image information acquirer configured to acquire a satellite image; an object extractor configured to analyze the satellite image, to extract an object from the satellite image, and to generate an object image corresponding to the object; a storage configured to store the satellite image and the object image; and a service processing configured to process a service based on at least one of the satellite image and the object image.

Satellite image platform providing apparatus using launch vehicle-satellite-ground station-system integration

Provided is a satellite image platform providing apparatus using launch vehicle-satellite-ground station-system integration (SI). The satellite image platform providing apparatus may include a communicator configured to receive launch vehicle information about specifications of a launch vehicle, a launch date, a launch price per unit weight, and a payload capacity from a first server; and a processor configured to calculate information about a price of a satellite image platform service for each application field and a subscription fee and a support method according to a service period of the satellite image platform service, thereby performing price calculation through analysis of specifications for the satellite, the launch vehicle, and a ground station.

Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same

A semiconductor device includes a base substrate and a semiconductor chip on the base substrate, the semiconductor chip including a first layer structure and a second layer structure opposite to the first layer structure, at least one of the first and second layer structures including a semiconductor device portion, and a bonding structure between the first layer structure and the second layer structure, the bonding structure including a silver-tin (Ag—Sn) compound and a nickel-tin (Ni—Sn) compound.

MEMORY SYSTEMS THAT SUPPORT READ RECLAIM OPERATIONS AND METHODS OF OPERATING SAME TO THEREBY PROVIDE REAL TIME DATA RECOVERY

Methods of operating nonvolatile memory devices include counting a number of consecutive read operations performed on a first memory region within the nonvolatile memory device, and executing a page reclaim operation on the first memory region in response to detecting that a count in the number of consecutive read operations meets or exceeds a threshold count. A page reclaim operation may include checking an error bit level within a page of data stored in a multi-level cell block within the memory device. The page reclaim operation may further include moving page data from the multi-level cell block to a single-level cell block in the memory device and error correcting the page data during the moving. 1. A method of operating a nonvolatile memory device , comprising:counting a number of consecutive read operations performed on a first memory region within the nonvolatile memory device; andexecuting a page reclaim operation on the first memory region in response to detecting that a count in the number of consecutive read operations meets or exceeds a threshold count.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said executing a page reclaim operation comprises checking an error bit level within a page of data stored in a multi-level cell block within the memory device.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said executing a page reclaim operation comprises moving page data from the multi-level cell block to a single-level cell block in the memory device and error correcting the page data during said moving.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the multi-level cell block comprises a block of 3-bit nonvolatile memory cells.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the count in the number of consecutive read operations is reset in response to an operation to write page data into the first memory region.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said executing a page reclaim operation comprises executing a page reclaim operation on nonvolatile memory cells associated with a selected word line in the ...

Method and system for guiding route using smart signages

A route guidance method and system using smart signages is disclosed. The route guidance method may include obtaining user information of a user or an object from a first smart signage detecting an access of the user, searching a database for route information about a route to a stored destination corresponding to the user information, identifying a second smart signage being separate from the first smart signage by a distance in a direction of the destination among a plurality of smart signages being on the route of the route information, and extracting, from the route information, a partial route from the first smart signage to the second smart signage and providing the extracted partial route to the first smart signage.

Method and apparatus for providing education service using satellite imagery based on artificial intelligence

Provided is a service providing apparatus using satellite imagery. The service providing apparatus includes a satellite image information acquirer configured to acquire a satellite image; an object extractor configured to analyze the satellite image, extract an object from the satellite image, and generate an object image corresponding to the object; a storage configured to store the satellite image and the object image; and a service processing unit configured to provide an object extraction-based service and coding data associated with the object extraction-based service, based on at least one of the satellite image and the object image, and thereby provides a method of identifying and classifying various types of objects and buildings present on the ground surface based on image data on the ground surface.

Panel transfer tray and method for transferring tray using the same

A panel transfer tray according to an embodiment includes an accommodation part which accommodates a target panel, a protrusion protruding upward direction from an upper edge of the accommodation part, and a first movement prevention member disposed at one side of the accommodation part and disposed adjacent to the protrusion, and the first movement prevention member has a stair shape of which a planar area gradually decreases along the upward direction.

Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same

A semiconductor device includes a base substrate and a semiconductor chip on the base substrate, the semiconductor chip including a first layer structure and a second layer structure opposite to the first layer structure, at least one of the first and second layer structures including a semiconductor device portion, and a bonding structure between the first layer structure and the second layer structure, the bonding structure including a silver-tin (Ag—Sn) compound and a nickel-tin (Ni—Sn) compound.

OPTICAL APPARATUS INCLUDING MULTILAYERED OPTICAL FILM STRUCTURE AND METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PLANARIZING THE MULTILAYERED OPTICAL FILM STRUCTURE

An optical apparatus includes a lower optical layer; a nanostructure layer disposed on the lower optical layer and having an active region and a non-active region; and a reflective pad disposed between the lower optical layer and the nanostructure layer to face the non-active region of the nanostructure layer, wherein the nanostructure layer includes a first dielectric patterned in the active region and unpatterned in the non-active region and a second dielectric filled between patterns of the first dielectric, and the first dielectric includes a first material and the second dielectric includes a second material different from the first material and having a different refractive index from a refractive index of the first material.

Methods and systems for determining ICN capability of a node/server

Methods and systems for determining ICN capability of a node/server. The ICN capability is determined based on DNS resource records or TCP options. The DNS resource records are DNS queries that are sent to a DNS server, for determining the ICN capability of the server. The DNS query includes a content to indicate the intent to determine the ICN capability. If the server is having ICN capability, a DNS response is received from the DNS server, which includes the content that is identical to the content in the DNS query. A server is selected, amongst multiple servers, for transferring ICN packets, based on locations and priorities of the multiple servers, indicated in DNS responses, and an order of issuance of DNS queries to the DNS server. TCP options in the header of TCP packets are used for determining ICN capability of the nodes/servers and parameters pertaining to the ICN capability.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR NANOMEMBRANE CRYSTALLIZATION

In one aspect, embodiments of the invention provide a method, the method comprising contacting at least one osmotic body and a droplet comprising solvent and at least one solute. The contacting forms at least one thin film between the droplet and the at least one osmotic body. The method further comprises allowing solvent to transfer between the droplet and the at least one osmotic body, to form a precipitate of the at least one solute. 1. A method comprising:contacting at least one osmotic body and a droplet, said droplet comprising solvent and at least one solute, to form at least one thin film between said droplet and said at least one osmotic body; andallowing solvent to transfer between said droplet and said at least one osmotic body to form a precipitate of said at least one solute.2. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the solute is water-soluble claim 1 , and the precipitate of said at least one solute is crystalline.3. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the method comprises contacting a plurality of said droplets and the at least one osmotic body.4. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein solvent is transferred in an amount effective to form a supersaturated solution of said at least one solute in said droplet.5. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the method comprises a preceding step of combining at least two precursor droplets to form said droplet comprising solvent and at least one solute.6. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said solute comprises at least one of protein claim 1 , active pharmaceutical ingredient or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof claim 1 , polypeptide claim 1 , nucleotide claim 1 , or inorganic molecule.7. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said precipitate comprises a single crystal of said at least one solute claim 1 , and wherein one single crystal forms in said droplet.8. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the at least one osmotic body is a ...

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A semiconductor device includes a base substrate and a semiconductor chip on the base substrate, the semiconductor chip including a first layer structure and a second layer structure opposite to the first layer structure, at least one of the first and second layer structures including a semiconductor device portion, and a bonding structure between the first layer structure and the second layer structure, the bonding structure including a silver-tin (Ag—Sn) compound and a nickel-tin (Ni—Sn) compound. 1. A semiconductor device comprising:a base substrate; and a first layer structure and a second layer structure opposite to the first layer structure, at least one of the first and second layer structures including a semiconductor device portion, and', 'a bonding structure between the first layer structure and the second layer structure, the bonding structure including a silver-tin (Ag—Sn) compound and a nickel-tin (Ni—Sn) compound., 'a semiconductor chip on the base substrate, the semiconductor chip including,'}2. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the bonding structure further includes pure Ni.3. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein{'sub': '3', 'the Ag—Sn compound includes AgSn, and'}{'sub': 3', '4, 'the Ni—Sn compound includes NiSn.'}4. The semiconductor device of claim 3 , wherein the bonding structure includes{'sub': 3', '3', '4, 'an intermediate layer including the AgSn and the NiSn,'}a first Ni layer between the intermediate layer and the first layer structure, anda second Ni layer between the intermediate layer and the second layer structure.5. The semiconductor device of claim 3 , wherein the Ni—Sn compound further includes NiSn.6. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the Ag content in the bonding structure is about 0.5 wt % to about 23.1 wt %.7. The semiconductor device of claim 1 , wherein the semiconductor device portion includes a light-emitting device portion.8. The semiconductor device of claim 7 , whereinthe first layer ...

Apparatus for analyzing active material of secondary battery and method of analyzing active material using the same

An apparatus for analyzing an active material of a secondary battery may include: a first electrode; a piezoelectric layer on the first electrode; a second electrode on the piezoelectric layer, configured to provide a voltage having a polarity opposite to a polarity of the first electrode; and/or an insulating layer on the second electrode and including a through hole exposing a portion of the second electrode. A method of analyzing an active material of a secondary battery may include: disposing an active material in a through hole of a bulk acoustic resonator, in which a first electrode, a piezoelectric layer, a second electrode, and an insulating layer are stacked; measuring a resonance frequency of the resonator by applying an electric signal to the first and second electrodes of the resonator; and/or measuring a weight of the active material in the through hole, based on the measured resonance frequency.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR NETWORK HANDOVER ON TRANSPORT LAYER

Disclosed herein is a method and network handover system for handling a data session in a user equipment (UE). The method comprises initiating a data session of at least one application from a plurality of applications with a first communication interface using a first socket of the UE having a first socket file descriptor (SOCKFD) for the data session, detecting a deterioration in a network connection of the first communication interface, identifying a second communication interface, establishing a second socket having a second SOCKFD associated with the second communication interface and migrating the data session from the first communication interface to the second communication interface by mapping the first SOCKFD corresponding to the first socket to the second SOCKFD corresponding to the second socket. 1. A method for handling a data session in a user equipment (UE) , the method comprising:initiating, by a connection tracker module, a data session of at least one application from a plurality of applications with a first communication interface using a first socket of the UE including a first socket file descriptor (SOCKFD) for the data session;detecting, by a switchboard module, a deterioration in a network connection of the first communication interface;identifying, by the switchboard module, a second communication interface;establishing, by a layer 4 network handover (NH4) module, a second socket including a second SOCKFD associated with the second communication interface; andmigrating, by a NH4 migrator module, the data session from the first communication interface to the second communication interface by mapping the first SOCKFD corresponding to the first socket to the second SOCKFD corresponding to the second socket.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:classifying, by a classifier module, the plurality of applications running on the UE as at least one of handover-sensitive applications or handover insensitive applications.3. The ...

Methods and systems for determining icn capability of a node/server

Methods and systems for determining ICN capability of a node/server. The ICN capability is determined based on DNS resource records or TCP options. The DNS resource records are DNS queries that are sent to a DNS server, for determining the ICN capability of the server. The DNS query includes a content to indicate the intent to determine the ICN capability. If the server is having ICN capability, a DNS response is received from the DNS server, which includes the content that is identical to the content in the DNS query. A server is selected, amongst multiple servers, for transferring ICN packets, based on locations and priorities of the multiple servers, indicated in DNS responses, and an order of issuance of DNS queries to the DNS server. TCP options in the header of TCP packets are used for determining ICN capability of the nodes/servers and parameters pertaining to the ICN capability.

NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE MEDIUM STORING PROGRAM CODE GENERATING WAFER MAP BASED ON GENERATIVE ADVERSARIAL NETWORKS AND COMPUTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program code including an image generation model, which when executed, causes a processor to input input data including sampling data of some of a plurality of semiconductor dies of a wafer to a generator network of the image generation model and output a wafer map indicating the plurality of semiconductor dies, and to input the wafer map output from the generator network to a discriminator network of the image generation model and discriminate the wafer map. 1. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a program code including an image generation model , which when executed , causes a processor to:input input data including sampling data of some of a plurality of semiconductor dies of a wafer to a generator network of the image generation model and output a wafer map indicating the plurality of semiconductor dies; andinput the wafer map output from the generator network to a discriminator network of the image generation model and discriminate the wafer map.2. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the image generation model claim 1 , which when executed claim 1 , causes the processor to:arrange the sampling data on the input data depending on locations of the some semiconductor dies of the wafer.3. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 1 , wherein the image generation model claim 1 , which when executed claim 1 , causes the processor to:generate the input data including the sampling data and at least one of a first value determined in advance and a second value based on the sampling data.4. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 3 , wherein the image generation model claim 3 , which when executed claim 3 , causes the processor to:dispose a sampling value of the sampling data on the input data depending on a location of a first semiconductor die of the some semiconductor dies; anddispose the at least one of the first value and the second value on the ...

Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same

A semiconductor device includes a substrate and a device isolation pattern extending from a surface of the substrate into the substrate. The device isolation pattern has an electrically negative property and a physically tensile property. The device isolation pattern delimits an active region of the substrate. A transistor is provided at the active region and has a channel region formed by part of the active region.

BATTERY PROTECTION CIRCUIT MODULE PACKAGE, BATTERY PACK AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE INCLUDING SAME

Provided are a battery protection circuit module package capable of achieving high integration and size reduction, and a battery pack and an electronic device including the same. The battery protection circuit module package includes a lead frame including a plurality of leads space apart from each other, and capable of being coupled and electrically connected to electrode tabs of a battery cell, battery protection circuit devices mounted on the lead frame and including a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) structure, and an encapsulant for encapsulating the battery protection circuit devices to expose a part of the lead frame. 1. A battery protection circuit module package comprising:a lead frame comprising a plurality of leads space apart from each other, and capable of being coupled and electrically connected to electrode tabs of a battery cell;battery protection circuit devices mounted on the lead frame and comprising a positive temperature coefficient (PTC) structure; andan encapsulant for encapsulating the battery protection circuit devices to expose part of the lead frame.2. The battery protection circuit module package of claim 1 , wherein the PTC structure comprisesa PTC device; anda first metal layer and a second metal layer respectively coupled to two sides of the PTC device,wherein the first and second metal layers are respectively mounted on the leads spaced apart from each other.3. The battery protection circuit module package of claim 1 , wherein the lead frame comprises:a first internal connection terminal lead and a second internal connection terminal lead respectively provided at two edges, exposed by the encapsulant, and capable of being coupled and electrically connected to the electrode tabs of the battery cell;external connection terminal leads provided between the first and second internal connection terminal leads and serving as a plurality of external connection terminals; anddevice mounting leads provided between the first and second ...

GAS SENSOR

The present disclosure relates to a gas sensor that minimizes the effects of humidity. The present disclosure relates to a gas sensor that minimizes the effects of humidity. Provided, in the present disclosure, is a gas sensor comprising: a substrate; a unit sensing unit disposed on the substrate and including a wiring electrode, a heater electrode, and a gas sensing material; a protective cap having a side wall part formed on the substrate and surrounding the unit sensing unit and a cover part disposed above the unit sensing unit and including at least one hole; and a heater unit disposed between the unit sensing unit and the cover unit, wherein the heater unit generates heat together with the heater electrode so as to lower humidity around the unit sensing unit. 1. A gas sensor comprising:a substrate;a unit sensing unit disposed on the substrate and provided with a wiring electrode, a heater electrode, and a gas sensing material;a protective cap provided with a side wall part formed on the substrate and surrounding the unit sensing unit, and a cover part disposed above the unit sensing unit and having at least one hole; anda heater unit disposed between the unit sensing unit and the cover part,wherein the heater unit generates heat together with the heater electrode to lower ambient humidity of the unit sensing unit.2. The gas sensor of claim 1 , wherein the heater unit comprises:a porous substrate; anda heater electrode deposited on the porous substrate.3. The gas sensor of claim 2 , wherein the side wall part surrounds side surfaces of the porous substrate such that an external material is allowed to reach the unit sensing unit only through the porous substrate.4. The gas sensor of claim 3 , wherein a catalyst for promoting decomposition of a specific material is applied to the porous substrate.5. The gas sensor of claim 3 , wherein the porous substrate is provided with a plurality of layers.6. The gas sensor of claim 5 , wherein a heater electrode is deposited ...

Method and system for guiding route using smart signages

A route guidance method and system using smart signages is disclosed. The route guidance method may include obtaining user information of a user or an object from a first smart signage detecting an access of the user, searching a database for route information about a route to a stored destination corresponding to the user information, identifying a second smart signage being separate from the first smart signage by a distance in a direction of the destination among a plurality of smart signages being on the route of the route information, and extracting, from the route information, a partial route from the first smart signage to the second smart signage and providing the extracted partial route to the first smart signage.

Electronic device and method for registering ownership

An electronic device comprises: at least one communication circuit configured to provide communication with a first external electronic device or a second external electronic device; at least one processor operatively connected to the at least one communication circuit; and a memory including device registration request information and operatively connected to the at least one processor, wherein the memory may store instructions configured to cause, when executed, at least one processor to: transmit, to the first external electronic device, a device registration request including at least device registration request information for registering the electronic device to the second external electronic device when a first communication is connected with the first external electronic device through the at least one communication circuit; receive a response to the device registration request from the first external electronic device; receive, from the second external electronic device, device registration update information that is updated on the basis of the registration request of the electronic device, based on the response, when a second communication is connected with the second external electronic device through the at least one communication circuit; and store the received device registration update information in the memory.

SYSTEM, APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MANAGING SATELLITE OPERATION SERVICE

Provided are a satellite operation service management system, a satellite operation service management apparatus, and a satellite operation service management method, and the satellite operation service management apparatus may include a ground station manager configured to generate a control signal for a space ground station based on the space ground station to be used for control of an artificial satellite and a time slot to be used by the space ground station; and a communicator configured to transmit the control signal to the space ground station to be used. 1. A satellite operation service management apparatus comprising:a ground station manager configured to generate a control signal for a space ground station based on the space ground station to be used for control of an artificial satellite and a time slot to be used by the space ground station; anda communicator configured to transmit the control signal to the space ground station to be used,wherein the time slot selected by a user through a terminal is a time zone allocated to each of a plurality of space ground stations or a lower time zone included in the allocated time zone to allow the plurality of space ground stations to share a single artificial satellite or at least two artificial satellites.2. The satellite operation service management apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the communicator is configured to transmit claim 1 , to the terminal claim 1 , information about a plurality of available space ground stations selected from a set including an identification symbol claim 1 , a position claim 1 , and operation state information and time slots of the plurality of available space ground stations.3. The satellite operation service management apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the ground station manager is configured to process an existing occupied time slot among the time slots of the plurality of available space ground stations to be non-selectable.4. The satellite operation service management apparatus of ...

A foldable tent frame

A foldable tent frame is made up of plural support members (11, 12, 13, 14) and a support tent frame connected thereto. The support tent frame comprises plural timbering members (21, 22, 23, 24) and plural crosspieces (41, 42, 43). Every two timbering members are pivotally connected with each other by a joint (31, 32) on one end, and pivotally connected with the tops of two support members on the other end. The two timbering members form a “converse V” structure. The crosspieces are connected with two support members or two joints by pivot, or the crosspieces are connected with two support members or two joints by pothook.

Apparatus and method for providing application service using satellite image

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providing an application service using a satellite image. The apparatus for providing an application service using a satellite image may comprise: a satellite image information acquisition unit for acquiring a satellite image; an object extraction unit which analyzes the satellite image, extracts an object from the satellite image, and generates an object image corresponding to the object; a storage unit for storing the satellite image and the object image; and a service processing unit for processing a service on the basis of at least one of the satellite image and the object image.

Apparatus and method for providing application service using satellite image

The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providing an application service using a satellite image. The apparatus for providing an application service using a satellite image may comprise: a satellite image information acquisition unit for acquiring a satellite image; an object extraction unit which analyzes the satellite image, extracts an object from the satellite image, and generates an object image corresponding to the object; a storage unit for storing the satellite image and the object image; and a service processing unit for processing a service on the basis of at least one of the satellite image and the object image.

Top link piece for rods of tent frame

A top link piece for rods (3) of a tent frame includes an upper unit (1), a lower unit (2) located under the upper unit (2), and a plurality of springs (5), wherein the periphery of the upper unit (1) is provide with a plurality of link portions (11) to fix the corresponding springs (5) thereon, the periphery of the lower unit (2) is provide with a plurality of pivoted portions (21) pivotably coupled to the rods (3). The lower unit (2) is pivotably coupled to the end of each rod (3) at each pivoted portion (21), and the upper unit (1) is fixed to the lower unit (2) through a connector (4). One end of each spring (5) is fixed to the link portion (11) of the upper unit (1), and the other end of it is fixed to the upper portion of the corresponding rod (3).

A collapsible canopy frame and an auto-unfold measure thereby

A collapsible canopy frame and an auto-unfold measure thereby, wherein the canopy frame (12) includes several support unit (16) and the elastic unit (20) connecting the support unit (16). The elastic (20) of the canopy frame (12) is bended and then the elastic energy that produced thereby is stored in the elastic unit (20) while the canopy is collapsed, as a result of which, the canopy will be unfolded automatically under the action of the elastic energy that stored in the elastic unit (20) when the canopy is supposed to be put into use. The structure of the canopy is simple while it is convenient to use and can enlarge the using space of the canopy.

Electronic device for controlling connection to access point and method of the same

An electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure includes a communication circuit, a memory, and a processor configured to be operatively connected to the communication circuit and the memory. The processor may be configured to control the communication circuit to perform wireless communication through a first access point, to search for another access point while performing communication through the first access point, and attempt to connect to a candidate access point selected based on a block list stored in the memory, and to store, when a designated event occurs while attempting to connect to the candidate access point, a recovery condition configured according to a type of the designated event together with identification information of the candidate access point in the block list.

Non-stop production process for improving freeze-drying survival, heat tolerance, shelf stability and digestive stability of probiotics using spontaneous matrix-encapsulation technique

Disclosed is a process for non-stop production of encapsulated probiotics, in which an alginate hydrogel is spontaneously formed through a simple process of culturing probiotics in a medium containing an alginate, a salt that forms a hydrogel by binding to alginic acid, preferably an insoluble carbonate, and optionally an encapsulation enhancer, and probiotics are encapsulated by the alginate hydrogel, thereby not only greatly improving the probiotic encapsulation process but also remarkably improving the freeze-drying viability, heat tolerance, shelf stability, and in-vivo stability (acid resistance and bile resistance) of probiotics.

Method and system for measuring structure based on spectrum

A method for measuring a structure based on a spectrum, includes obtaining a first model that includes a first sub-model and a second sub-model following the first sub-model and is trained based on simulation data, generating a second model including a third sub-model identical to the first sub-model, training the second model based on sample spectrum data generated by measuring spectra of sample structures, and estimating, based on the trained second model, the structure from measured spectrum data generated by measuring a spectrum of the structure.

Satellite operation service management system, satellite operation service management apparatus, and satellite operation service management method

The present invention relates to a satellite operation service management system, a satellite operation service management apparatus, and a satellite operation service management method. The satellite operation service management apparatus may comprise: a space ground station to be used for controlling an artificial satellite; a ground station management unit for generating a control signal for the space ground station on the basis of a time slot to be used by the space ground station; and a communication unit which transmits the control signal to the space ground station that is to be used.

Cloud-based satellite information reception processing apparatus and method

Provided is technology for processing demodulation, preprocessing, etc., performed by an existing modem in a hardware form for satellite information received by a ground station at a cloud level based on a software define radio (SDR) mounted to a cloud. A cloud-based satellite information receiving and processing apparatus may include a satellite information collector configured to collect, on a cloud, satellite information received from a satellite by a ground station terminal using at least one antenna; a signal processing unit configured to perform demodulation and preprocessing of the collected satellite information on the cloud based on a software define radio (SDR) mounted to the cloud; and a storage configured to record and maintain the demodulated and preprocessed satellite information on the cloud.

Method and electronic device for managing network resources among application traffic

A method and an electronic device for managing network resources among application traffic are provided. The method comprises identifying a real time application that is running on the electronic device and consuming network resources, determining whether the real time application belongs to a prioritized class, based on the real time application belonging to the prioritized class, determining a User Identifier (UID) of the real time application, and prioritizing the network resources for the real time application based on the UID.

Non-stop production process for improving freeze-drying survival, heat tolerance, shelf stability and digestive stability of probiotics using spontaneous matrix-encapsulation technique

Disclosed is a process for non-stop production of encapsulated probiotics, in which an alginate hydrogel is spontaneously formed through a simple process of culturing probiotics in a medium containing an alginate, a salt that forms a hydrogel by binding to alginic acid, preferably an insoluble carbonate, and optionally an encapsulation enhancer, and probiotics are encapsulated by the alginate hydrogel, thereby not only greatly improving the probiotic encapsulation process but also remarkably improving the freeze-drying viability, heat tolerance, shelf stability, and in-vivo stability (acid resistance and bile resistance) of probiotics.

Method and apparatus for filling gap using atomic layer deposition

A method and an apparatus for filling a gap by using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method are provided. The method includes forming a first reaction inhibition layer on a side wall of the gap; forming a first precursor layer by adsorbing a first reactant into a bottom of the gap and the side wall of the gap around the bottom of the gap; and forming a first atomic layer on the bottom of the gap and the side wall of the gap around the bottom of the gap by adsorbing a second reactant into the first precursor layer. The forming of the first reaction inhibition layer may include adsorbing a first reaction inhibitor into the side wall of the gap; and forming a second reaction inhibitor by removing a specific ligand from the first reaction inhibitor.

Method and system for measuring structure based on spectrum

A method for measuring a structure based on a spectrum, includes obtaining a first model that includes a first sub-model and a second sub-model following the first sub-model and is trained based on simulation data, generating a second model including a third sub-model identical to the first sub-model, training the second model based on sample spectrum data generated by measuring spectra of sample structures, and estimating, based on the trained second model, the structure from measured spectrum data generated by measuring a spectrum of the structure.

Cloud-based satellite information reception processing apparatus and method

Provided is technology for processing demodulation, preprocessing, etc., performed by an existing modem in a hardware form for satellite information received by a ground station at a cloud level based on a software define radio (SDR) mounted to a cloud. A cloud-based satellite information receiving and processing apparatus may include a satellite information collector configured to collect, on a cloud, satellite information received from a satellite by a ground station terminal using at least one antenna; a signal processing unit configured to perform demodulation and preprocessing of the collected satellite information on the cloud based on a software define radio (SDR) mounted to the cloud; and a storage configured to record and maintain the demodulated and preprocessed satellite information on the cloud.

Analysis system for satellite information utilization and the operation method for the same

Provided is a satellite information-based analysis system including a satellite information reception processing unit configured to receive satellite information in a form of raw data from a ground station terminal, to perform demodulation and preprocessing, and to store the satellite information; a standard image generator configured to generate a standard image for the stored satellite information; and an application processing unit configured to process and generate the generated standard image into a utilization image that is classified into a plurality of categories based on an intended use.

Panel transfer tray and method for transferring tray using the same

A panel transfer tray according to an embodiment includes an accommodation part which accommodates a target panel, a protrusion protruding upward direction from an upper edge of the accommodation part, and a first movement prevention member disposed at one side of the accommodation part and disposed adjacent to the protrusion, and the first movement prevention member has a stair shape of which a planar area gradually decreases along the upward direction.

Semiconductor device comprising a bonding structure including a silver-tin compound and a nickel-tin compound and method of manufacturing the same

The present disclosure provides semiconductor chips (SC10, SC11), semiconductor devices and methods of manufacturing the semiconductor devices. The semiconductor device includes a base substrate (S100) and a semiconductor chip (SC10, SC11) on the base substrate (S100), the semiconductor chip (SC10, SC11) including a first layer structure (L10) and a second layer structure (L20) opposite to the first layer structure (L10), at least one of the first and second layer structures (L10, L20) including a semiconductor device portion, and a bonding structure (B10, B11) between the first layer structure (L10) and the second layer structure (L20), the bonding structure (B10, B11) including a silver-tin compound (Ag3Sn) and a nickel-tin compound (Ni3Sn4 and optionally also Ni3Sn). The semiconductor portion may be a light-emitting device portion, wherein the first layer structure (L10) includes a silicon substrate and the second layer structure (L20) includes the light-emitting device portion, which includes a group III-V semiconductor, for example, a GaN-based semiconductor. The method of manufacturing a semiconductor device comprises forming a first metal layer on a first substrate structure, the first metal layer including a first nickel (Ni) layer and a first tin (Sn) layer; forming a second metal layer on a second substrate structure, the second metal layer including a second Ni layer and optionally a second Sn layer on the second Ni layer; forming a capping layer between the first and second metal layers, the capping layer including silver (Ag); and forming a bonding structure including bonding the first metal layer formed on the first substrate structure to the second metal layer formed on the second substrate structure, and forming an intermediate layer between the first metal layer and the second metal layer by a reaction between the first and second metal layers and the capping layer, the intermediate layer including intermetallic compounds (Ag3Sn, Ni3Sn4 and ...

Satellite operation service management system, satellite operation service management apparatus, and satellite operation service management method

The present invention relates to a satellite operation service management system, a satellite operation service management apparatus, and a satellite operation service management method. The satellite operation service management apparatus may comprise: a space ground station to be used for controlling an artificial satellite; a ground station management unit for generating a control signal for the space ground station on the basis of a time slot to be used by the space ground station; and a communication unit which transmits the control signal to the space ground station that is to be used.

Method and system for network handover on transport layer

Satellite image platform providing apparatus using launch vehicle-satellite-ground station-system integration

Provided is a satellite image platform providing apparatus using launch vehicle-satellite- ground station-system integration (SI). The satellite image platform providing apparatus may include a communicator configured to receive launch vehicle information about specifications of a launch vehicle, a launch date, a launch price per unit weight, and a payload capacity from a first server; and a processor configured to calculate information about a price of a satellite image platform service for each application field and a subscription fee and a support method according to a service period of the satellite image platform service, thereby performing price calculation through analysis of specifications for the satellite, the launch vehicle, and a ground station.

Satellite image platform providing apparatus using launch vehicle-satellite-ground station-system integration

Provided is a satellite image platform providing apparatus using launch vehicle-satellite- ground station-system integration (SI). The satellite image platform providing apparatus may include a communicator configured to receive launch vehicle information about specifications of a launch vehicle, a launch date, a launch price per unit weight, and a payload capacity from a first server; and a processor configured to calculate information about a price of a satellite image platform service for each application field and a subscription fee and a support method according to a service period of the satellite image platform service, thereby performing price calculation through analysis of specifications for the satellite, the launch vehicle, and a ground station.

Devices and methods for generating event satellite images

Provided is technology for generating an event satellite image by applying additional data to a satellite image captured at an occurrence point in time of a specific event. An event satellite image generation apparatus may include a satellite image information acquisition unit configured to acquire raw data of a satellite image captured at an occurrence point in time of a specific event; an additional data collector configured to collect additional data for the specific event; and an event satellite image generator configured to generate an event satellite image by recording the collected additional data in the acquired raw data of the satellite image.

Devices and methods for generating event satellite images

Provided is technology for generating an event satellite image by applying additional data to a satellite image captured at an occurrence point in time of a specific event. An event satellite image generation apparatus may include a satellite image information acquisition unit configured to acquire raw data of a satellite image captured at an occurrence point in time of a specific event; an additional data collector configured to collect additional data for the specific event; and an event satellite image generator configured to generate an event satellite image by recording the collected additional data in the acquired raw data of the satellite image.

Method and apparatus for filling gap using atomic layer deposition

A method and an apparatus for filling a gap by using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method are provided. The method includes forming a first reaction inhibition layer by adsorbing a reaction inhibitor onto a side wall of the gap, forming a first precursor layer by adsorbing a first reactant onto the bottom of the gap and the side wall of the gap around the bottom of the gap, and forming a first atomic layer on the bottom of the gap and the side wall of the gap around the bottom of the gap. The reaction inhibitor includes a precursor material that does not react with a second reactant. The first reaction inhibition layer may have a density gradient in which a density of the reaction inhibitor decreases toward a bottom of the gap. The forming the first atomic layer includes adsorbing the second reactant onto the first precursor layer.

Analysis system for satellite information utilization and the operation method for the same

Provided is a satellite information-based analysis system including a satellite information reception processing unit configured to receive satellite information in a form of raw data from a ground station terminal, to perform demodulation and preprocessing, and to store the satellite information; a standard image generator configured to generate a standard image for the stored satellite information; and an application processing unit configured to process and generate the generated standard image into a utilization image that is classified into a plurality of categories based on an intended use.

Method and system for network handover on transport layer

Disclosed herein is a method and network handover system for handling a data session in a user equipment (UE). The method comprises initiating a data session of at least one application from a plurality of applications with a first communication interface using a first socket of the UE having a first socket file descriptor (SOCKFD) for the data session, detecting a deterioration in a network connection of the first communication interface, identifying a second communication interface, establishing a second socket having a second SOCKFD associated with the second communication interface and migrating the data session from the first communication interface to the second communication interface by mapping the first SOCKFD corresponding to the first socket to the second SOCKFD corresponding to the second socket.

Disaster response system using satellite image

Provided is a disaster response system using a satellite image, the disaster response system including a receiver configured to receive a captured image from a satellite; a storage configured to operatively couple to the receiver and to store the received satellite image; and a central processing device configured to operatively couple to the receiver and the storage and to predict a damage occurrence probability according to occurrence of a disaster through a time series change in the satellite image, to determine a damage occurrence status, and to calculate a scale of damage in response to occurrence of the damage.

Managing quality of service of applications in wireless network

Embodiments herein provide a method for managing Quality of Service (QoS) of applications in a wireless network. Detecting a plurality of data traffic of plurality of applications based on current activities of a user equipment (UE), hardware components of UE, a plurality traffic parameter, a QoS report received from an access point (AP) associated with UE in a wireless network. Detecting an enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) function based on plurality of data traffic. The EDCA function includes current mapping between access category of each data structure and traffic category of plurality of data traffic based on association. Classifying plurality of data traffic of the plurality of applications into priority data traffic category and non-priority data traffic category based on current mapping of the EDCA function. Modifying current mapping of EDCA function based on priority data traffic category, non-priority data traffic category, and access category of each data structure of plurality of data structures.

Marine waste disposal apparatus using satellite image

A marine waste disposal apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprise a satellite image processing unit that receives satellite images to identify and locate marine waste, and generates a map of marine waste, a waste change reasoning unit for receiving at least one or more pieces of information selected from the group consisting of tide, temperature, wind direction/speed, seawater flow, and wave height information to reason changes in the marine waste map, a ship control and management units that control general ships and control waste disposal ships based on marine waste maps.

Non-stop production process for improving freeze-drying survival, heat tolerance, shelf stability and digestive stability of probiotics using spontaneous matrix-encapsulation technique

The present invention relates to a non-stop production process for encapsulated probiotics, wherein the encapsulation process of probiotics can be remarkably improved by allowing the probiotics to be encapsulated in alginate hydrogel spontaneously formed through a simple process of culturing probiotics in a medium containing alginate, a salt, preferably an insoluble carbonate, which binds with alginic acid to form a hydrogel, and, optionally, an encapsulation enhancer, and the freeze-drying survival, heat tolerance, shelf stability, and digestive stability (acid resistance, bile resistance) of the probiotics are significantly improved.

Disaster response system using sattelite image

Provided is a disaster response system using a satellite image, the disaster response system including a receiver configured to receive a captured image from a satellite; a storage configured to operatively couple to the receiver and to store the received satellite image; and a central processing device configured to operatively couple to the receiver and the storage and to predict a damage occurrence probability according to occurrence of a disaster through a time series change in the satellite image, to determine a damage occurrence status, and to calculate a scale of damage in response to occurrence of the damage.

Method of selectively forming layer using atomic layer deposition and method of forming interconnect of semiconductor device using the same

A method of selectively forming a layer according to atomic layer deposition includes providing a substrate which includes a first region consisting of a first material and having a first surface and a second region consisting of a second material and having a second surface, forming a first reaction inhibition layer on the second surface using a reaction inhibitor selectively adsorbed on the second surface, selectively forming a first deposition layer on the first surface using a first precursor and a first reactant, wherein the first reactant reacts with the first precursor to form an atomic layer and does not react with the reaction inhibitor to form the atomic layer, and converting the first reaction inhibition layer on the second surface into a second deposition layer using a second reactant which reacts with the first reaction inhibition layer to form the atomic layer.

Lit pliant

Method of providing artificial intelligence algorithm, operating method of artificial intelligence algorithm, electronic device, recording medium, and computer program

Provided are a method of providing an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm, an operation method of an AI algorithm, an electronic device, a recording medium, and a computer program. The method of providing the AI algorithm includes loading data sets with respect to a spectrum of a semiconductor and a structure of the semiconductor, calculating an out of distribution (OOD) index with respect to the spectrum of the semiconductor, performing data split by clustering sampling the data sets into at least one learning data set with respect to OOD indexes according to semiconductors, and providing an optimal AI algorithm from among a plurality of AI algorithms that have learned the at least one learning data set.

Heat exchanger and air conditioner including the same

A heat exchanger including an inner tube including a bending portion, a first heat exchange portion extending from the bending portion, and a second heat exchange portion extending from the bending portion; a first outer tube forming a first double-tube structure around the first heat exchange portion; a second outer tube forming a second double-tube structure around the second heat exchange portion; and a first connection tube connecting a first through hole of the first outer tube and a second through hole of the second outer tube so as to connect the first outer tube and the second outer tube, wherein a first refrigerant is flowable through the heat exchange portions and the bending portion, a second refrigerant is flowable through the outer tubes and the first connection tube, and the second refrigerant exchanges heat with the first refrigerant at boundaries between the respective outer tubes and heat exchange portions.

Rf-fso linkage method and ground station system performing the same

Provided is a ground station system for performing a radio frequency-free space optics (RF-FSO) linkage method, the ground station system including a first receiver including a first antenna configured to receive an optical signal including data from a satellite; a second receiver including a second antenna configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal including data from the satellite; and a processor configured to estimate data that is determined to have been transmitted from the satellite using the data received from the first receiver and thereby decoded and the data received from the second receiver and thereby decoded and transmit the estimated data to a data server, and thereby providing satellite communication through another satellite communication link regardless of a degradation in any one satellite communication link performance.

Rf-fso linkage method and ground station system performing the same

Provided is a ground station system for performing a radio frequency-free space optics (RF-FSO) linkage method, the ground station system including a first receiver including a first antenna configured to receive an optical signal including data from a satellite; a second receiver including a second antenna configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal including data from the satellite; and a processor configured to estimate data that is determined to have been transmitted from the satellite using the data received from the first receiver and thereby decoded and the data received from the second receiver and thereby decoded and transmit the estimated data to a data server, and thereby providing satellite communication through another satellite communication link regardless of a degradation in any one satellite communication link performance.

Non-stop production process for improving freeze-drying survival, heat tolerance, shelf stability and digestive stability of probiotics using spontaneous matrix-encapsulation technique

The present invention relates to a non-stop production process for encapsulated probiotics, wherein the encapsulation process of probiotics can be remarkably improved by allowing the probiotics to be encapsulated in alginate hydrogel spontaneously formed through a simple process of culturing probiotics in a medium containing alginate, a salt, preferably an insoluble carbonate, which binds with alginic acid to form a hydrogel, and, optionally, an encapsulation enhancer, and the freeze-drying survival, heat tolerance, shelf stability, and digestive stability (acid resistance, bile resistance) of the probiotics are significantly improved.

Method of selectively forming layer using atomic layer deposition and method of forming interconnect of semiconductor device using the same

A method of selectively forming a layer according to atomic layer deposition includes providing a substrate which includes a first region consisting of a first material and having a first surface and a second region consisting of a second material and having a second surface, forming a first reaction inhibition layer on the second surface using a reaction inhibitor selectively adsorbed on the second surface, selectively forming a first deposition layer on the first surface using a first precursor and a first reactant, wherein the first reactant reacts with the first precursor to form an atomic layer and does not react with the reaction inhibitor to form the atomic layer, and converting the first reaction inhibition layer on the second surface into a second deposition layer using a second reactant which reacts with the first reaction inhibition layer to form the atomic layer.

Method of selectively forming layer using atomic layer deposition and method of forming interconnect of semiconductor device using the same

A method of selectively forming a layer according to atomic layer deposition includes providing a substrate which includes a first region consisting of a first material and having a first surface and a second region consisting of a second material and having a second surface, forming a first reaction inhibition layer on the second surface using a reaction inhibitor selectively adsorbed on the second surface, selectively forming a first deposition layer on the first surface using a first precursor and a first reactant, wherein the first reactant reacts with the first precursor to form an atomic layer and does not react with the reaction inhibitor to form the atomic layer, and converting the first reaction inhibition layer on the second surface into a second deposition layer using a second reactant which reacts with the first reaction inhibition layer to form the atomic layer.

Multi-vendor ground station integrated control system

A multi-vendor ground station integrated control system according to an example embodiment includes an integrated interface unit configured to provide a ground station integrated interface through which multi-vendor equipment and parts are compatible to operate an artificial satellite, a first processor configured to operably couple to the integrated interface unit and separate dependencies between subsystems when interacting with the subsystems, and a second processor configured to operably couple to vendor equipment having different forms of the ground stations, collect motions generated from the ground stations, and control equipment of the ground stations.

Method and electronic device for managing network resources among application traffic