MUTANT PROTEIN HAVING DIAPHORASE ACTIVITY

Mutant diaphorase is capable of having, when forming a complex with a coenzyme, flavin mononucleotide, a conformation in which the distance between tryptophan at the 60th position from an N terminus and imino nitrogen at the 1-position of the coenzyme, flavin mononucleotide, is larger than that in a conformation of wild-type diaphorase of sequence ID No. 1.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL INTERACTIVE DISPLAY

Provided is a thin three-dimensional interactive display which enables multi-touch sensing and three-dimensional gesture recognition. The three-dimensional interactive display includes a light source for irradiating an object to be detected with a light, a light modulation layer, into which a scattered light generated by irradiating the object with the light from the light source enters, at least for modulating an intensity of the scattered light, a transparent light-receiving layer for receiving the light transmitted through the light modulation layer, and a display panel or a back light panel disposed on the opposite side of the transparent light-receiving layer from the light modulation layer. The transparent light-receiving layer has a two-dimensional array of light-receiving elements. 1. A three-dimensional interactive display , comprising:a light source configured to irradiate an object to be detected with a light;a light modulation layer, into which a scattered light generated by irradiating the object with the light from the light source enters, configured to have at least a capability of modulating an intensity of the scattered light;a transparent light-receiving layer configured to receive the light transmitted through the light modulation layer; andone of a display panel and a back light panel, which is disposed on the opposite side of the transparent light-receiving layer from the light modulation layer.2. The three-dimensional interactive display according to claim 1 , whereinthe light source generates ultraviolet light or infrared light.3. The three-dimensional interactive display according to claim 2 , whereinthe light source is configured to generate the light so that the light irradiates the whole space in front of a screen of the three-dimensional interactive display.4. The three-dimensional interactive display according to claim 3 , whereinthe light modulation layer is a liquid crystal panel.5. The three-dimensional interactive display according ...

Molecular device, single-molecular optical switching device, functional device, molecular wire, and electronic apparatus using functional device

A molecular device including: at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c; in which an electron or a hole is transferred within the at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c bar utilizing transition of an electron between molecular orbitals of the at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c. The molecular orbitals, for example, are a first molecular orbital localized in a first amino acid residue of the at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c, and a second molecular orbital which is localized in a second amino acid residue of the at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c and which has a maximum transition probability per unit time with respect to the first molecular orbital. In this case, the electron or the hole is transferred between the first amino acid residue and the second amino acid residue.

ELECTROLYTIC METHOD OF FUEL

An electrolytic method of a fuel capable of suppressing reverse reaction of an enzyme and improving electrolytic rate is provided. In electrolyzing a fuel such as glucose by using an enzyme/electron mediator obtained by immobilizing an enzyme such as gluconate-5-dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase and an electron mediator onto a porous electrode made of a carbon material, electrode reaction is generated only in the enzyme/electron mediator electrode.

BILIRUBIN OXIDASE MUTANT HAVING THERMAL STABILITY

A heat-resistant bilirubin oxidase mutant is disclosed. The bilirubin oxidase mutant is obtained by deletion, replacement, addition or insertion of at least one amino acid residue of a wild type amino sequence of SEQ. ID. No. 1 of a bilirubin oxidase derived from an imperfect filamentous fungus, Myrothecium verrucaria. A biocathode including a thermo stable bilirubin oxidase mutant immobilized thereon, and its use in a biofuel cell is disclosed.

ELECTRODE, ENZYME SENSOR USING THE ELECTRODE, FUEL BATTERY, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR DECOMPOSING POLYOL

An electrode that can generate reduced coenzymes from a desired substrate in multiple stages is provided. An electrode includes a 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid synthase, a 2-oxo acid synthase, and a 2-oxo acid carboxylyase. The electrode includes a 2-oxo acid carboxylyase, which is a decarboxylase, in addition to a 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid synthase and a 2-oxo acid synthase, which are oxidoreductases; therefore, oxidation products having carboxyl groups, reactions of which do not proceed with oxidoreductases, can be decarboxylated and modified into substances with which oxidoreductases can act. Thus, oxidation reactions and decarboxylation reactions can repeatedly proceed with respect to desired substrates, and large quantities of reduced coenzymes can be generated thereby.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING HOT PRESS FORMED PART, AND HOT PRESS FORMED PART

A method of manufacturing a hot press formed part by hot pressing a coated steel sheet that is obtained by forming a Zn-based coating layer on a surface of a steel sheet includes: heating the coated steel sheet to a temperature range of 750° C. or more and 1000° C. or less; cooling a surface of the coated steel sheet; and hot press forming the coated steel sheet under a condition that a surface temperature of the coated steel sheet is 400° C. or less and an average temperature of the coated steel sheet is 500° C. or more or a temperature of a center position of the coated steel sheet in a thickness direction is 530° C. or more.

Three-dimensional interactive display

Provided is a thin three-dimensional interactive display which enables multi-touch sensing and three-dimensional gesture recognition. The three-dimensional interactive display includes a light source for irradiating an object to be detected with a light, a light modulation layer, into which a scattered light generated by irradiating the object with the light from the light source enters, at least for modulating an intensity of the scattered light, a transparent light-receiving layer for receiving the light transmitted through the light modulation layer, and a display panel or a back light panel disposed on the opposite side of the transparent light-receiving layer from the light modulation layer. The transparent light-receiving layer has a two-dimensional array of light-receiving elements.

Photoelectric conversion element and process for fabricating the same, electronic apparatus and process for fabricating the same, and semiconductor layer and process for forming the same

A paste in which semiconductor fine grain such as titanium oxide fine grain or the like and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed is coated onto a transparent conductive substrate and sintered, thereby forming a semiconductor layer made of the semiconductor fine grain, after that, ultraviolet rays are irradiated to the semiconductor layer and, by using a photocatalyst effect of the semiconductor fine grain, an organic substance remaining in the semiconductor layer is removed.

Photoelectric conversion element, production method for a photoelectric conversion element, solid-state image sensor, production method for a solid-state image sensor, electronic apparatus, photoconductor, production method for a photoconductor and multilayer transparent photoelectric conversion element

Provided is a photoelectric conversion element including a photoconductor containing a complex of a conductive polymer and/or polymer semiconductor and a protein containing at least one dye having a long-lived excited state.

Fuel cell, electronic device, movable body, power generation system, and congeneration system

A fuel cell which can directly extract electric power from a polysaccharide, such as starch, is provided. A fuel electrode is formed by immobilizing with an immobilizer, on an electrode comprised of, e.g., carbon, an enzyme responsible for decomposing a polysaccharide into monosaccharides, an enzyme responsible for decomposing the monosaccharide formed, a coenzyme (e.g., NAD + or NADP + ) which forms a reductant due to the oxidation reaction in the monosaccharide decomposition process, a coenzyme oxidase (e.g., diaphorase) for oxidizing the reductant of the coenzyme (e.g., NADH or NADPH), and an electron mediator (e.g., ACNQ or vitamin K3) for receiving electrons generated due to the oxidation of the coenzyme from the coenzyme oxidase and delivering the electrons to the electrode. The fuel cell comprises the fuel electrode and the air electrode that sandwich an electrolyte layer.

FUEL CELL AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

A fuel cell having excellent properties is provided in which, when an enzyme is immobilized in at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a sufficient buffering capability can be provided even in a high power output operation and the inherent capability of the enzyme can be sufficiently exerted. In a biofuel cell including a structure in which a positive electrode 2 and a negative electrode 1 face each other with an electrolyte layer 3 therebetween, the electrolyte layer 3 containing a buffer material, and the biofuel cell including an enzyme immobilized in at least one of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 1, the electrolyte layer 3 contains a compound including an imidazole ring as a buffer material and at least one acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid is further added to the electrolyte layer 3. As the compound including an imidazole ring, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole ...

MUTANT GLUCONATE DEHYDROGENASE

The present disclosure provides a mutant gluconate dehydrogenase whose enzyme activity and/or heat resistance is a predetermined level or higher. The mutant gluconate dehydrogenase is made by an amino acid sequence obtained by deleting, substituting, adding or inserting one or plural amino acids in an amino acid sequence represented by sequence number 1. The mutant gluconate dehydrogenase displays enzyme activity which is equal to or higher than 120% of a wild-type gluconate dehydrogenase made by an amino acid sequence represented by sequence number 1, and/or displays residual enzyme activity after heat treatment under predetermined conditions, which is equal to or higher than 20% of the enzyme activity before the heat treatment.

Fuel cell

A fuel cell is provided. The fuel cell includes at least one of a plant essential oil and a plant essential oil ingredient in an effective amount so as to function as a biological repellent.

PROTEIN PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER AND TIN-SUBSTITUTED CYTOCHROME c

There are provided a novel protein which has extremely high stability with respect to light irradiation, and is capable of maintaining a photoelectric conversion function for a long time, and a protein photoelectric transducer which uses the protein, and is capable of being stably used for a long time. A tin-substituted horse-heart cytochrome c is obtained by substituting tin for iron as a central metal of a heme of a horse-heart cytochrome c. A tin-substituted bovine-heart cytochrome c is obtained by substituting tin for iron as a central metal of a heme of a bovine-heart cytochrome c. A protein made of the tin-substituted horse-heart cytochrome c or the tin-substituted bovine-heart cytochrome c is immobilized on an electrode to form a protein-immobilized electrode. A protein photoelectric transducer is formed with use of the protein-immobilized electrode. 1. A protein photoelectric transducer comprising:a tin-substituted cytochrome c formed by substituting tin for iron as a central metal of a heme of a mammalian cytochrome c, or a protein having an amino-acid sequence formed by deletion, substitution, or addition of one or more amino acids in the amino-acid sequence of a mammalian cytochrome c, and including tin.2. The protein photoelectric transducer according to claim 1 , whereinthe mammalian cytochrome c is a horse-heart cytochrome c.3. The protein photoelectric transducer according to claim 1 , whereinthe mammalian cytochrome c is a bovine-heart cytochrome c.4. A tin-substituted cytochrome c formed by substituting tin for iron as a central metal of a heme of a mammalian cytochrome c.5. The tin-substituted cytochrome c according to claim 4 , whereinthe mammalian cytochrome c is a horse-heart cytochrome c.6. The tin-substituted cytochrome c according to claim 4 , whereinthe mammalian cytochrome c is a bovine-heart cytochrome c.7. A protein photoelectric transducer comprising:{'sup': −11', '−10', '−11', '−10, 'a metal-substituted cytochrome c which is formed by ...

Photoelectric conversion element and process for fabricating the same, electronic apparatus and process for fabricating the same, and semiconductor layer and process for forming the same

A paste in which semiconductor fine grain such as titanium oxide fine grain or the like and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed is coated onto a transparent conductive substrate and sintered, thereby forming a semiconductor layer made of the semiconductor fine grain, after that, ultraviolet rays are irradiated to the semiconductor layer and, by using a photocatalyst effect of the semiconductor fine grain, an organic substance remaining in the semiconductor layer is removed.

Imaging element, method of manufacturing imaging element, and imaging device

An imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; and a photoelectric conversion layer including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of 1×1010 s−1 to 1×1016 s−1 both inclusive in a p-n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor.

Lap-fillet arc welding joint and joint structure for press forming parts

A lap-fillet arc welding joint includes a weld bead, the weld bead being formed on an end portion of one sheet of overlapped two sheets and a surface of other sheet along the end portion. The other sheet includes a projecting portion projecting from the surface at a side of a weld toe of at least one of a start portion and a termination portion of the weld bead. The weld toe is located on a slope surface portion of the projecting portion at a side of the end portion of the one sheet.

Molecular device, imaging device, photosensor, and electronic apparatus

A molecular device includes a gold electrode, cytochrome c552 or a derivative or variant thereof immobilized on the gold electrode, and an electron transfer protein coupled to the cytochrome c552 or the derivative or variant thereof. Electrons or holes, or both, are transferred through the electron transfer protein by transition of electrons between molecular orbitals of the electron transfer protein.

FUEL LEAKAGE PREVENTING STRUCTURE AND BIOFUEL CELL

The valve control unit of a fuel leakage preventing structure of the present invention includes first and second electrodes. The first electrode is attached to a first member that is movable. When a pressing force is applied to the first member to move, the first and second electrodes are brought into contact with each other, to cause conduction. The first and second electrodes are connected to a control device, and the control device opens a control valve when the first and second electrodes are put into a conducting state. As the control valve is opened and closed by a pressing force in this manner, a fuel solution can be easily supplied. 1. A fuel leakage preventing structure for a biofuel cell , comprising:a control valve; anda valve control unit configured to electrically control opening and closing of the control valve,wherein the control valve is attached to at least one of a fuel supply inlet through which fuel is introduced into a battery cell unit of the biofuel cell, and a fuel supply path connected to the fuel inlet, andthe valve control unit opens and closes the control valve, depending on conduction caused by a pressing force.2. The fuel leakage preventing structure for a biofuel cell according to claim 1 , whereinthe valve control unit includes first and second electrodes,the first electrode is attached to a first member that is moved by a pressing force, andwhen the pressing force is applied to the first member, the first member is moved, and the first and second electrodes are brought into contact with each other, to cause the conduction.3. The fuel leakage preventing structure according to claim 2 , whereinthe second electrode is attached to a second member, anda pushing member is provided between the first and second members, to apply a pushing force to separate the first member from the second member.4. The fuel leakage preventing structure according to claim 3 , whereinthe valve control unit includes a fuel supply unit serving as a path of a ...

WELDING STRUCTURE OF PRESS FORMED PART, STRUCTURAL PART FOR AUTOMOTIVE BODY INCLUDING THE WELDING STRUCTURE, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING WELDING PART (AS AMENDED)

A welding structure of a press-formed part made by combining and joining two parts formed by press-forming and each having an opening portion on at least one side of a cross-section, while the opening portions face each other, and includes a step portion that is provided by forming a bent projection projecting outwardly on a tip end portion of a side wall portion of a lower side part, partially or entirely on a joining surface. A tip end side of the step portion is fitted into the opening portion of an upper side part, and the step portion of the lower side part and the tip end of a side wall portion of the upper side part are linearly joined by arc welding.

FUEL CELL

A separator formed of a material, which does not transmit liquid, is provided between a cell unit including an electrode on a surface of which an oxidoreductase is present and a fuel storage unit provided adjacent to the cell unit. It is configured such that power generation is started by supply of fuel solution stored in the fuel storage unit to the cell unit by removal of at least a part of the separator. 1. A fuel cell , comprising:a cell unit including an electrode on a surface of which an oxidoreductase is present;a fuel storage unit provided adjacent to the cell unit and in which fuel solution to be supplied to the cell unit is stored; anda separator, which isolates the cell unit and the fuel storage unit from each other, whereinthe fuel solution is supplied to the cell unit by removal of at least a part of the separator.2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 , further comprising:another separator arranged adjacent to an air electrode, whereinoxygen is supplied to the air electrode by removal of at least a part of the another separator.3. The fuel cell according to or claim 1 , whereinthe separator is drawable.4. The fuel cell according to claim 3 , whereinthe separator is insertable/removable.5. The fuel cell according to or claim 3 , whereinat least a part of the separator is broken by bending of a cell main body and the fuel solution is supplied to the cell unit. The present invention relates to a fuel cell in which an oxidoreductase is used. More specifically, this relates to technology for supplying fuel to a cell unit of the fuel cell.A bio-fuel cell (hereinafter, also referred to as an enzyme cell) in which the oxidoreductase is immobilized on at least one of a negative electrode and a positive electrode as a catalyst may efficiently extract an electron from the fuel, which cannot be used with a normal industrial catalyst such as glucose and ethanol, for example, so that this attracts attention as a high-capacity and safer next-generation fuel cell.is a ...

RECOMBINANT BILIRUBIN OXIDASE AND PRODUCTION METHOD FOR THE SAME

Disclosed is a method of producing a recombinant bilirubin oxidase, including a step wherein a bilirubin oxidase gene derived from imperfect filamentous fungus Myrothecium verrucaria is introduced to Escherichia coli and expression thereof is allowed. Also disclosed is a recombinant bilirubin oxidase obtained by this production method. This recombinant bilirubin oxidase has an enzymatic activity higher than that of a natural bilirubin oxidase derived from the imperfect filamentous fungus Myrothecium verrucaria.

MOLECULAR DEVICE, SINGLE-MOLECULAR OPTICAL SWITCHING DEVICE, FUNCTIONAL DEVICE, MOLECULAR WIRE, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS USING FUNCTIONAL DEVICE

A molecular device including: at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c; in which an electron or a hole is transferred within the at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c bar utilizing transition of an electron between molecular orbitals of the at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c. The molecular orbitals, for example, are a first molecular orbital localized in a first amino acid residue of the at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c, and a second molecular orbital which is localized in a second amino acid residue of the at least one molecule of zinc cytochrome c and which has a maximum transition probability per unit time with respect to the first molecular orbital. In this case, the electron or the hole is transferred between the first amino acid residue and the second amino acid residue.

MUTANT PROTEIN HAVING DIAPHORASE ACTIVITY

A mutant protein having diaphorase activity is provided. A mutant protein includes an amino acid sequence obtained by deletion, replacement, addition, or insertion of at least one amino acid residue of a native-form amino acid sequence of SEQ. ID. No. 1, wherein the mutant protein has diaphorase activity with an enzyme activity of 245 or more.

PROTEIN PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE, PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION SYSTEM, PROTEIN PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE MANUFACTURING METHOD, PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION SYSTEM MANUFACTURING METHOD AND PROTEIN-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE

A protein photoelectric conversion device including a gold electrode; and a substance selected from the group consisting of a metal-substituted cytochrome b 562 , a zinc chlorin cytochrome b 562 , a derivative thereof, and a variant thereof immobilized on the gold electrode.

ENZYME-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE, FUEL CELL, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, APPARTUS UTILIZING ENZYME REACTION, AND ENZYME-IMMOBILIZED SUBSTRATE

An enzyme-immobilized electrode is provided and includes an electrode composed of porous carbon or the like, a phospholipid layer on the electrode (11), and enzymes immobilized onto the phospholipid layer. The enzymes are, for example, diaphorase and glucose dehydrogenase. An intermediate layer composed of a protein or the like may be provided between the electrode and the phospholipid layer. By using the enzyme-immobilized electrode as a negative electrode or a positive electrode in a fuel cell using an enzyme, one or a plurality of types of enzymes can be immobilized at optimal positions on the electrode, and thus, there are provided a highly efficient enzyme-immobilized electrode and a highly efficient fuel cell using the enzyme-immobilized electrode.

MUTANT PROTEIN HAVING DIAPHORASE ACTIVITY

A mutant protein having diaphorase activity is provided. A mutant protein includes an amino acid sequence obtained by deletion, replacement, addition, or insertion of at least one amino acid residue of a native-form amino acid sequence of SEQ. ID. No. 1, wherein the mutant protein has diaphorase activity with an enzyme activity of 245 or more.

Method of manufacturing hot press formed part, and hot press formed part

A method of manufacturing a hot press formed part by hot pressing a coated steel sheet that is obtained by forming a Zn-based coating layer on a surface of a steel sheet includes: heating the coated steel sheet to a temperature range of 750° C. or more and 1000° C. or less; cooling a surface of the coated steel sheet; and hot press forming the coated steel sheet under a condition that a surface temperature of the coated steel sheet is 400° C. or less and an average temperature of the coated steel sheet is 500° C. or more or a temperature of a center position of the coated steel sheet in a thickness direction is 530° C. or more.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HOT PRESS FORMING PART AND HOT PRESS FORMING PART

In manufacturing a hot press forming part by hot pressing, using a tool of press forming, a coated steel sheet, the tool of press forming having a die, a blank holder, and a punch, edges of the coated steel sheet heated to a temperature range of Actransformation temperature to 1000° C. are cooled with the edges squeezed between the die and the blank holder to a temperature of 550° C. or lower and 400° C. or higher at a cooling rate of 100° C./s or higher, press forming is performed so that the press forming is started when the edges reach a temperature of 550° C. or lower and 400° C. or higher, and after the press forming, a formed body is quenched with the formed body held at the press bottom dead center while being squeezed by the tool of press forming. 2. The method for manufacturing a hot press forming part according to claim 1 , wherein the cooling and the press forming are performed while slidably moving the die with the coated steel sheet so that slidable movement is temporarily stopped before the coated steel sheet is brought into contact with the punch claim 1 , or so that slidable movement before the coated steel sheet coming into contact with the punch is slower than slidable movement during press forming after the coated steel sheet coming into contact with the punch.3. The method for manufacturing a hot press forming part according to claim 1 , wherein in the press forming claim 1 , the blank holder is detached from the coated steel sheet to perform crush forming without using the blank holder.4. The method for manufacturing a hot press forming part according to claim 1 , wherein in the press forming claim 1 , draw forming is performed with the coated steel sheet squeezed between the die and the blank holder.5. The method for manufacturing a hot press forming part according to claim 1 , wherein the Zn—Ni coating layer contains Ni in an amount of 9 mass % or more and 25 mass % or less.6. A hot press forming part manufactured by the method as recited in . ...

FUEL CELL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, ENZYME-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

There is provided a fuel cell whose current density and maintenance ratio can be improved when at least glucose dehydrogenase and diaphorase are immobilized on an anode using an immobilizing material composed of poly-L-lysine and glutaraldehyde. The fuel cell has a structure in which a cathode 2 and an anode 1 face each other with an electrolyte layer 3 therebetween, the anode 1 being obtained by immobilizing at least glucose dehydrogenase and diaphorase on an electrode using an immobilizing material composed of poly-L-lysine and glutaraldehyde, wherein the mass ratio of the poly-L-lysine to the glutaraldehyde in an immobilizing material is 5:1 to 80:1, the mass ratio of the glucose dehydrogenase to the diaphorase is 1:3 to 200:1, and the average molecular weight of the poly-L-lysine is 21500 or more.

NOVEL POWER SUPPLY DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME

A power supply device is provided and includes a fuel introduction unit from which a fuel edible, drinkable, and safe to contact for human body is introduced. The power supply device also includes a fuel cell unit including a negative electrode that is exposed to outside through the fuel introduction unit and that can contact with the fuel, the fuel cell unit being configured to generate electrical energy from the fuel; and an electronic controller unit configured to control feeding of the electrical energy to an external device.

Protein photoelectric conversion device, photoelectric conversion system, protein photoelectric conversion device manufacturing method, photoelectric conversion system manufacturing method and protein-immobilized electrode

A protein photoelectric conversion device including a gold electrode; and a substance selected from the group consisting of a metal-substituted cytochrome b 562 , a zinc chlorin cytochrome b 562 , a derivative thereof, and a variant thereof immobilized on the gold electrode.

Photoelectric conversion element, image pickup element, laminated image pickup element, and solid-state image pickup device

An image pickup element is constituted by laminating at least a first electrode, an organic photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode in order, and the organic photoelectric conversion layer includes a first organic semiconductor material having the following structural formula (1).

COLOR IMAGING ELEMENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, PHOTOSENSOR AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A color imaging element, a photosensor and a photoelectric transducer which use a protein and are capable of being stably used for a long time, and methods of manufacturing them are provided. A zinc-substituted cytochrome c552 is immobilized on a gold electrode with a self-assembled monolayer in between to form a blue-light photoelectric transducer. Alternatively, a cytochrome c552 is immobilized on a gold electrode with a self-assembled monolayer in between, and a fluorescent protein absorbing blue light is bonded to the cytochrome c552, thereby forming a blue-light photoelectric transducer. These photoelectric transducers each are used as a color imaging element or a blue-light photoelectric transducer of a photosensor. 120-. (canceled)21. A color imaging element comprising:a blue-light photoelectric transducer using a zinc-substituted cytochrome c552, derivative thereof or a variant thereof.22. The color imaging element of claim 21 , wherein the zinc-substituted cytochrome c552 claim 21 , the derivative thereof or the variant thereof is immobilized on an electrode.23. The color imaging element of claim 22 , wherein the electrode is a gold electrode.24. The color imaging element of claim 23 , wherein the zinc-substituted cytochrome c552 claim 23 , the derivative thereof or the variant thereof is immobilized with a hydrophobic portion thereof facing the gold electrode.25. The color imaging element of claim 21 , comprising:a red-light or green-light photoelectric transducer using a cytochrome c552 modified zinc-porphyrin.26. A method of manufacturing a color imaging element comprising:immobilizing a zinc-substituted cytochrome c552, a derivative thereof or a variant thereof on an electrode.27. A photosensor comprising:a blue-light photoelectric transducer using a zinc-substituted cytochrome c552, a derivative thereof or a variant thereof.28. A method of manufacturing a photosensor comprising:immobilizing a zinc-substituted cytochrome c552, a derivative thereof or a ...

MOLECULAR DEVICE, IMAGING DEVICE, PHOTOSENSOR, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

A molecular device includes a gold electrode, cytochrome c552 or a derivative or variant thereof immobilized on the gold electrode, and an electron transfer protein coupled to the cytochrome c552 or the derivative or variant thereof. Electrons or holes, or both, are transferred through the electron transfer protein by transition of electrons between molecular orbitals of the electron transfer protein.

MUTANT PROTEIN HAVING DIAPHORASE ACTIVITY

A mutant diaphorase capable of having lower potential energy than that of wild-type diaphorase of sequence ID No. 1 when forming a complex with a coenzyme, flavin mononucleotide.

FUEL CELL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FUEL CELL, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION ELECTRODE, BIOSENSOR, BIOREACTOR, ENERGY CONVERSION ELEMENT, AND ENZYME REACTION-UTILIZING APPARATUS

A fuel cell and a method for manufacturing the same are provided, wherein at least one type of enzyme and coenzyme are confined in a minute space, an enzyme reaction is effected while this space serves as a reaction field. Thereby, electrons can be taken out of the fuel efficiently to generate electrical energy, and immobilization of these enzyme and coenzyme on an electrode can be performed easily. The enzyme and the coenzyme required for an enzyme reaction are encapsulated in a liposome, and the resulting liposome is immobilized on the surface of an electrode formed from porous carbon or the like so as to form an enzyme immobilization electrode. A transporter is incorporated in the liposome, as necessary. An electron mediator is also immobilized on the surface of the electrode. The resulting enzyme immobilization electrode is used as, for example, a negative electrode of a biofuel cell.

FUEL CELL, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, MOVABLE BODY, POWER GENERATION SYSTEM, AND COGENERATION SYSTEM

A fuel cell which can directly extract electric power from a polysaccharide, such as starch, is provided. A fuel electrode is formed by immobilizing with an immobilizer, on an electrode comprised of, e.g., carbon, an enzyme responsible for decomposing a polysaccharide into monosaccharides, an enzyme responsible for decomposing the monosaccharide formed, a coenzyme (e.g., NAD − or NADP + ) which forms a reductant due to the oxidation reaction in the monosaccharide decomposition process, a coenzyme oxidase (e.g., diaphorase) for oxidizing the reductant of the coenzyme (e.g., NADH or NADPH), and an electron mediator (e.g., ACNQ or vitamin K3) for receiving electrons generated due to the oxidation of the coenzyme from the coenzyme oxidase and delivering the electrons to the electrode. The fuel cell comprises the fuel electrode and the air electrode that sandwich an electrolyte layer.

NEW FUEL CELL, AND POWER SUPPLY DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS USING THE SAME

To provide a fuel cell that can perform efficient power generation through a simple fuel supply. There is provided a fuel cell that generates electricity through progress of an oxidation-reduction reaction using an enzyme as a catalyst, the fuel cell including at least a fuel-vaporizing layer formed through vaporization of a fuel; an anode to which a vaporized fuel is supplied from the fuel-vaporizing layer; and a cathode connected to the anode in a state in which protons can be conducted. In the fuel cell, since a fuel is supplied to an electrode in a vaporized state, a vaporized fuel is supplied to an inner portion of the electrode and a reaction sufficiently proceeds at the inner surface of the electrode, which can achieve high output due to efficient power generation. Furthermore, even if an enzyme or the like is immobilized on an electrode, the enzyme or the like can be prevented from leaching out into a liquid fuel because a fuel is supplied to the electrode in a vaporized state, ...

PROTEIN-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND FUNCTIONAL ELEMENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

In one example embodiment, a protein-immobilized electrode is stably used for long time. In one example embodiment, a method of manufacturing the protein-immobilized electrode includes immobilizing cytochrome c552 having high stability to a chemically-stable gold electrode while maintaining electron transfer capability of the cytochrome c552. In one example embodiment, a self-assembled monolayer is formed on a gold electrode by using hydrophobic thiol and hydrophilic thiol. By dipping the gold electrode on which the self-assembled monolayer is formed in a cytochrome c552 solution, a protein-immobilized electrode in which a cytochrome c552 is immobilized to the gold electrode with the self-assembled monolayer in between is produced. 114-. (canceled)15. A protein-immobilized electrode comprising a gold electrode , and cytochrome c552 or a derivative or variant of the cytochrome c552 immobilized to the gold electrode.16. The protein-immobilized electrode of claim 15 , wherein the cytochrome c552 or its derivative or variant is immobilized in such a manner that a hydrophobic part of the cytochrome or its derivative or variant is opposed to the gold electrode side.17. The protein-immobilized electrode of claim 16 , wherein the cytochrome c552 or its derivative or variant and the gold electrode are coupled to each other with a self-assembled monolayer in between.18. The protein-immobilized electrode of claim 17 , wherein the self-assembled monolayer is formed by using hydrophobic thiol and hydrophilic thiol.19. The protein-immobilized electrode of claim 18 , wherein the hydrophobic thiol is HS(CH)CH(n=5 claim 18 , 8 claim 18 , 10) and the hydrophilic thiol is HS(CH)CHOH (n=5 claim 18 , 8 claim 18 , 10).20. The protein-immobilized electrode of claim 19 , wherein content of HS(CH)CHOH in the self-assembled monolayer is 60% to 90% both inclusive.21. The protein-immobilized electrode of claim 19 , wherein the hydrophobic thiol is HS(CH)CHand the hydrophilic thiol is HS(CH) ...

NON-WETTED ALL SOLID PROTEIN PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device that is able to be operated without existence of a liquid such as water inside and outside of the device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device has a structure in which a solid protein layer composed of an electron transfer protein is sandwiched between an electrode and an electrode. The solid protein layer is immobilized onto the electrodes and. The solid protein layer does not contain a liquid such as water. The solid protein layer is composed of a monomolecular film or a multimolecular film of the electron transfer protein. 1. A non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device , comprising a structure in which a solid protein layer composed of an electron transfer protein is sandwiched between a first electrode and a second electrode.2. The non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1 , wherein the solid protein layer is composed of a monomolecular film or a multimolecular film of the electron transfer protein.3. The non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device according to claim 2 , wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a transparent electrode made of a material transparent to visible light.4. The non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device according to claim 3 , wherein the solid claim 3 , protein layer is directly immobilized onto the first electrode and the second electrode.5. The non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1 , wherein the non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device is an optical switching device.6. The non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device according to claim 1 , wherein the non-wetted all solid protein photoelectric conversion device is an optical sensor.7. A method of manufacturing a non-wetted all solid protein ...

Lap fillet arc-welded joint

A lap fillet arc-welded joint produced by overlapping two metal sheets and welding an end portion of one sheet of the two metal sheets to a surface of the other sheet along the end portion of the one sheet includes a protruding curved potion being bead-shaped and protruding from the surface of the other sheet; and a weld toe positioned on a top portion of the protruding curved portion.

LAP FILLET ARC-WELDED JOINT

A lap fillet arc-welded joint produced by overlapping two metal sheets and welding an end portion of one sheet of the two metal sheets to a surface of the other sheet along the end portion of the one sheet includes a protruding curved potion being bead-shaped and protruding from the surface of the other sheet; and a weld toe positioned on a top portion of the protruding curved portion. 14-. (canceled)5. A lap fillet arc-welded joint produced by overlapping two metal sheets and welding an end portion of one sheet of the two metal sheets to a surface of the other sheet along the end portion of the one sheet , the lap fillet arc-welded joint comprising:a protruding curved portion, the protruding curved portion being bead-shaped and protruding from the surface of the other sheet; anda weld toe positioned on a top portion of the protruding curved portion.6. The lap fillet arc-welded joint according to claim 5 , wherein the top portion is flat.7. The lap fillet arc-welded joint according to claim 5 , wherein a radius of curvature of a rising portion of the protruding curved portion claim 5 , the rising portion being on a not-welded side of the protruding curved portion claim 5 , is greater than or equal to 0.8 mm.8. A lap fillet arc-welded joint produced by overlapping two metal sheets and welding an end portion of one sheet of the two metal sheets to a surface of the other sheet along the end portion of the one sheet claim 5 , the lap fillet arc-welded joint comprising:a protruding curved portion, the protruding curved portion being bead-shaped and protruding from the surface of the other sheet; anda weld toe positioned on a sloped portion of the protruding curved portion, the sloped portion being on the side to be welded to the end portion of the one sheet.9. The lap fillet arc-welded joint according to claim 6 , wherein a radius of curvature of a rising portion of the protruding curved portion claim 6 , the rising portion being on a not-welded side of the protruding ...

METHOD FOR IMMOBILIZING ENZYME ON ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL, FUEL CELL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FUEL CELL, ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTRODE FOR FUEL CELL

Provided are an enzyme immobilizing method, a fuel cell and an electrode for the fuel cell which employ the enzyme immobilizing method, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell and the electrode. The enzyme immobilizing method prevents reduction in enzyme activity when the enzyme is immobilized on the electrode, so as to make it possible to obtain a high catalyst current value. In the method for immobilizing an enzyme on the electrode used in the fuel cell, an enzyme variant with at least one amino acid residue being deleted, substituted, added, or inserted in a wild-type amino acid sequences is used as the enzyme, and the enzyme variant increases in activity through heat treatment. The immobilization is performed within a temperature range which makes it possible to increase the activity of the enzyme variant.

PHOTOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER, SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT

A photoelectric transducer is provided. The photoelectric transducer includes a first electrode, an electron transferring protein, and a second electrode. The first electrode includes an electroconductive material. The electron transferring protein is immobilized on or above the first electrode, has a photoelectric conversion capability, and includes a metal. The second electrode includes an electroconductive material.

Dye sensitization photoelectric converter and process for fabricating the same

In a dye-sensitized photoelectric transfer device having a semiconductor layer and an electrolyte layer between a transparent conductive substrate and a counter conductive substrate, the semiconductor layer is composed of titania nanotubes, and a sensitizing dye is retained by the titania nanotubes. The titania nanotubes preferably have an anatase-type crystalline form. The dye-sensitized photoelectric transfer device is used as a dye-sensitized solar cell.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FUEL CELL, FUEL CELL, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

A method for manufacturing a fuel cell having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are opposed with a proton conductor therebetween and an enzyme is immobilized on the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode includes the step of immobilizing the enzyme on the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode with a photo-curable resin and/or a thermosetting resin. A photo-curable resin and/or a thermosetting resin may be further laminated on the photo-curable resin and/or the thermosetting resin which have immobilized the enzyme.

FUEL CELL, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND BUFFER SOLUTION FOR FUEL CELL

A fuel cell with which in the case where an enzyme is immobilized to at least one of a cathode and an anode, sufficient buffer ability is able to be obtained even at the time of high output operation, ability inherent in the enzyme is able to be sufficiently demonstrated, and which has superior performance is provided. In a bio-fuel cell which has a structure in which a cathode and an anode are opposed to each other with an electrolyte layer containing a buffer substance in between, and in which an enzyme is immobilized to at least one of the cathode and the anode, a compound containing an imidazole ring is contained in the electrolyte layer as a buffer substance, and one or more acids selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid are further added.

FUEL CELL

A fuel cell is provided. The fuel cell includes at least one of a plant essential oil and a plant essential oil ingredient in an effective amount so as to function as a biological repellent.

Coloring matter sensitization type photoelectric conversion device

The present invention relates to a dye-sensitized type photoelectric conversion device for generating electric power by using solar light. The dye-sensitized type photoelectric conversion device includes a semiconductor layer on which a sensitizing dye having an acidic group-containing porphyrin polymer expressed by a below-described general formula (1) is carried and an electrolyte layer. (Here, in the above-described general formula (1), R1 to R18 indicate substituents such as hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms and at least one of R1 to R18 is an acidic substituent such as 4-carboxyphenyl group.) ...

FUEL CELL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUEL CELL, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE, NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE-IMMOBILIZED CARRIER, ENZYME REACTION UTILIZATION DEVICE, PROTEIN-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE AND PROTEIN-IMMOBILIZED CARRIER

Provided is a fuel cell capable of preventing elution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof immobilized on an electrode, and capable of preventing performance degradation due to elution, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell. 1. A fuel cell comprising:a positive electrode;a negative electrode; anda proton conductor provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,wherein the negative electrode is configured of an electrode which includes carbon and/or an inorganic compound having pores with a size of 2 nm or more to 100 nm or less on the surface, and in which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof are immobilized on the carbon and/or the inorganic compound.2. The fuel cell according to claim 1 ,wherein the carbon and/or the inorganic compound further have pores with a size of 0.5 nm or more and less than 2 nm on the surface.3. The fuel cell according to claim 2 ,wherein the carbon and/or the inorganic compound have pores with a size of 0.5 nm or more and less than 2 nm and pores with a size of 4 nm or more and 20 nm or less on the surface.4. The fuel cell according to claim 3 ,wherein the carbon includes at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon particles, carbon sheets and carbon fibers.5. The fuel cell according to claim 4 ,wherein the carbon particles include at least one selected from the group consisting of activated carbon, carbon black and biocarbon.6. The fuel cell according to claim 5 ,wherein the electrode is formed of fibrous carbon.7. The fuel cell according to claim 6 ,wherein an enzyme is further immobilized on the carbon and/or the inorganic compound and the fuel cell includes the enzyme and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or the derivative.8. The fuel cell according to claim 7 ,wherein the fuel cell includes a compound for enzyme immobilization having a portion to be bonded to the carbon and/or the inorganic compound and a portion to be bonded to the ...

Method for generating hydrogen gas, hydrogen gas production apparatus and energy conversion system

A method for generating hydrogen gas, an apparatus for producing hydrogen gas, and an energy conversion system, which are so designed as to generate hydrogen extremely efficiently without the help of catalyst are provided. The hydrogen gas is generated by decomposing a metal hydride in a mixture composed of said metal hydride, water, and a second solution which has a pH value lower than that of the aqueous solution of said metal hydride wherein the metal hydride is represented by a formula: αz(1-x)βzx[BHy], where α and β are mutually different elements selected from Groups 1A, 2A, and 2B of the periodic table; and x, y, and z are defined respectively by 0≦x≦1, 3 Подробнее

Fuel leakage preventing structure and biofuel cell

The valve control unit of a fuel leakage preventing structure of the present invention includes first and second electrodes. The first electrode is attached to a first member that is movable. When a pressing force is applied to the first member to move, the first and second electrodes are brought into contact with each other, to cause conduction. The first and second electrodes are connected to a control device, and the control device opens a control valve when the first and second electrodes are put into a conducting state. As the control valve is opened and closed by a pressing force in this manner, a fuel solution can be easily supplied.

Imaging element, method of manufacturing imaging element, and imaging device

An imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; and a photoelectric conversion layer including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of 1×1010 s−1 to 1×1016 s−1 both inclusive in a p-n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor.

FUEL REFORMER AND POWER GENERATION APPARATUS USING THE SAME

The present invention provides a fuel reformer which enables power generation to be actually performed even in the case of using very-safe familiar things such as food and drink and food scraps as a fuel of a biofuel cell. The fuel reformer is used for a fuel cell which generates power as an oxidation reduction reaction progresses using enzyme as a catalyst, and has: a primary fuel introduction unit for introducing a primary fuel; a fuel reforming unit communicating with the primary fuel introduction unit and reforming the primary fuel to a secondary fuel from which electrons can be emitted by an oxidation reduction reaction using enzyme as a catalyst; and a secondary fuel supplying unit communicating with the fuel reforming unit and supplying the secondary fuel to the fuel cell.

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, PRODUCTION METHOD FOR A PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, SOLID-STATE IMAGE SENSOR, PRODUCTION METHOD FOR A SOLID-STATE IMAGE SENSOR, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, PHOTOCONDUCTOR, PRODUCTION METHOD FOR A PHOTOCONDUCTOR AND MULTILAYER TRANSPARENT PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT

Provided is a photoelectric conversion element including a photoconductor containing a complex of a conductive polymer and/or polymer semiconductor and a protein containing at least one dye having a long-lived excited state.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PROTEIN SEMICONDUCTOR, PROTEIN SEMICONDUCTOR, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PN JUNCTION, PN JUNCTION, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SEMICONDUCTOR APPARATUS, SEMICONDUCTOR APPARATUS, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING CONDUCTIVITY TYPE OF PROTEIN SEMICONDUCTOR

A conductivity type of a protein semiconductor is controlled by controlling total amount of charge in amino acid residues, a p-type protein semiconductor or an n-type protein semiconductor is manufactured, and a pn junction is manufactured using the p-type protein semiconductor and the n-type protein semiconductor. The total amount of charge in amino acid residues is controlled by substituting one or more of an acidic amino acid residue, a basic amino acid residue, and a neutral amino acid residue, which are contained in protein, with an amino acid residue having different properties, chemically modifying one or more of an acidic amino acid residue, a basic amino acid residue, and a neutral amino acid residue, which are contained in the protein, or controlling polarity of a medium surrounding the protein. 1. A method of manufacturing a protein semiconductor , comprisingcontrolling a conductivity type of the protein semiconductor by controlling total amount of charge in amino acid residues.2. The method of manufacturing a protein semiconductor according to claim 1 , wherein substituting one or more of an acidic amino acid residue, a basic amino acid residue, and a neutral amino acid residue, which are contained in protein, with an amino acid residue having different properties,', 'adding one or more of an acidic amino acid residue, a basic amino acid residue, and a neutral amino acid residue to the protein,', 'deleting one or more of an acidic amino acid residue, a basic amino acid residue, and a neutral amino acid residue, which are contained in the protein,', 'chemically modifying one or more of an acidic amino acid residue, a basic amino acid residue, and a neutral amino acid residue, which are contained in the protein, or', 'controlling polarity of a medium surrounding the protein., 'the total amount of charge in amino acid residues is controlled by'}3. The method of manufacturing a protein semiconductor according to claim 2 , whereinthe protein is electron ...

Mutant protein having diaphorase activity

A mutant protein having diaphorase activity is provided. A mutant protein includes an amino acid sequence obtained by deletion, replacement, addition, or insertion of at least one amino acid residue of a native-form amino acid sequence of SEQ. ID. No. 1, wherein the mutant protein has diaphorase activity with an enzyme activity of 245 or more.

Bilirubin oxidase mutant having thermal stability

A heat-resistant bilirubin oxidase mutant is disclosed. The bilirubin oxidase mutant is obtained by deletion, replacement, addition or insertion of at least one amino acid residue of a wild type amino sequence of SEQ. ID. No. 1 of a bilirubin oxidase derived from an imperfect filamentous fungus, Myrothecium verrucaria. A biocathode including a thermo stable bilirubin oxidase mutant immobilized thereon, and its use in a biofuel cell is disclosed.

Method for manufacturing hot press formed part and hot press formed part

A method for manufacturing a hot press formed part, includes: preparing a hot press forming object comprising a single-ply portion and a two-ply portion; heating the hot press forming object to a temperature range from an Ac3 transformation temperature of a base steel sheet of the first coated steel sheet to 1000° C.; press forming the hot press forming object to obtain a formed body, the press forming being started upon temperatures of the single-ply portion and of the two-ply portion being no higher than solidification points of Zn—Ni coating layers of the first and second coated steel sheets and no lower than an Ar3 transformation temperature of the base steel sheet of the first coated steel sheet; and quenching the formed body to thereby obtain a hot press formed part, in which the hot press forming object has a thickness ratio from 1.4 to 5.0.

METHOD OF COATING BILIRUBIN OXIDASE

A method of coating bilirubin oxidase (BOD) is provided and includes introducing a polymerizable functional group onto the surface of a bilirubin oxidase (BOD) molecule, and copolymerizing the polymerizable functional group with a polymerizable monomer. The step of introducing the polymerizable functional group and the step of copolymerizing the polymerizable functional group with the polymerizable monomer are performed at 17° C. or lower.

Fuel Cell, Electronic Device, Movable Body, Power Generation System, and Congeneration System

A fuel cell which can directly extract electric power from a polysaccharide, such as starch. A fuel electrode 1 is formed by immobilizing with an immobilizer, on an electrode 11 comprised of, e.g., carbon, an enzyme responsible for decomposing a polysaccharide into monosaccharides, an enzyme responsible for decomposing the monosaccharide formed, a coenzyme (e.g., NAD + or NADP + ) which forms a reductant due to the oxidation reaction in the monosaccharide decomposition process, a coenzyme oxidase (e.g., diaphorase) for oxidizing the reductant of the coenzyme (e.g., NADH or NADPH), and an electron mediator (e.g., ACNQ or vitamin K3) for receiving electrons generated due to the oxidation of the coenzyme from the coenzyme oxidase and delivering the electrons to the electrode 11 . The fuel cell comprises the fuel electrode 1 and the air electrode 5 that sandwich an electrolyte layer 3.

BIOFUEL CELL

A biofuel cell is formed by disposing an anode (negative electrode) to be a fuel electrode, an anode current collector, a separator, a cathode current collector, a cathode (positive electrode) to be an air electrode and a gas-liquid separation membrane in this order between a fuel tank and a positive electrode cover. During the formation, an electrode formed of a carbon fiber fabric having a network structure constituted by a monofilament strand of a carbon fiber and has a redox enzyme on the surface is used in at least the anode. 1. A biofuel cell comprising an electrode that is formed of a carbon fiber fabric having a network structure constituted by a monofilament strand of a carbon fiber and comprises a redox enzyme on the surface thereof.2. The biofuel cell according to claim 1 , comprising at least a negative electrode formed of the carbon fiber fabric.3. The biofuel cell according to claim 2 , comprising the negative electrode and a positive electrode both of which are formed of the carbon fiber fabric.4. The biofuel cell according to claim 3 , further comprising current collectors that are crimp-contacted to the electrodes and also formed of the carbon fiber fabric.54. The biofuel cell according to any one of to claims 1 , wherein the monofilament that constitutes the carbon fiber fabric has a diameter of 15 μm or less. The present invention relates to a biofuel cell using a redox enzyme. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique to improve an electrode performance.A biofuel cell using a redox enzyme as a reaction catalyst can take out electrons effectively from fuels that cannot be utilized in general industrial catalysts such as glucose and ethanol, and thus gains attentions as a next-generation fuel cell that has a high capacity and high safety. is a drawing showing a reaction scheme of a negative electrode of a biofuel cell using an enzyme. is a drawing showing a reaction scheme of a positive electrode of a biofuel cell using an ...

Photoelectric conversion element, image pickup element, laminated image pickup element, and solid-state image pickup device using an organic material having desired optical absorption properties

An image pickup element is constituted by laminating at least a first electrode, an organic photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode in order, and the organic photoelectric conversion layer includes a first organic semiconductor material having the following structural formula (1).

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD, SEMICONDUCTOR LAYER, AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHOD

A paste in which semiconductor fine grain such as titanium oxide fine grain or the like and a binder made of a polymer compound are mixed is coated onto a transparent conductive substrate and sintered, thereby forming a semiconductor layer made of the semiconductor fine grain, after that, ultraviolet rays are irradiated to the semiconductor layer and, by using a photocatalyst effect of the semiconductor fine grain, an organic substance remaining in the semiconductor layer is removed.

BILIRUBIN OXIDASE MUTANT HAVING THERMAL STABILITY

A heat-resistant bilirubin oxidase mutant is disclosed. The bilirubin oxidase is obtained by deletion, replacement, addition or insertion of at least one amino acid residue of a wild type amino sequence of SEQ. ID. No. 1 of a bilirubin oxidase derived from an imperfect filamentous fungus, Myrothecium verrucaria.

BIOFUEL CELL

Disclosed herein is a biofuel cell including a polymer gel reversibly swelling and contracting in response to variations in a property of a fuel solution making contact therewith, the polymer gel being on a surface of an electrode and/or in the inside of the electrode.

Method for designing heat-resistant tyrosine-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and heat-resistant tyrosine-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase

A method for designing a heat-resistant mutant enzyme, the method including the step of reducing a distance between the alpha4 helix and the alpha6 helix in a protein three-dimensional structure to become smaller than that of a wild type enzyme through deletion, replacement, addition, or insertion of one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence of the wild type enzyme with respect to tyrosine-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase.

FUEL CELL, METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUEL CELL, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, ENZYME-IMMOBILIZED ELECTRODE, BIOSENSOR, ENERGY-CONVERSION ELEMENT, CELLS, ORGANELLES, AND BACTERIA

There are provided a fuel cell and a production method therefor in which one or more types of enzymes or further coenzymes are enclosed in a micro space so that electrons can be efficiently extracted from a fuel such as glucose or the like by an enzyme reaction using the micro space as a reaction field, thereby producing electric energy, and in which the enzyme or further the coenzyme can be easily immobilized on an electrode. Enzymes 13 and 14 and a coenzyme 15 necessary for an enzyme reaction are enclosed in liposome 12, and the liposome 12 is immobilized on a surface of an electrode composed of porous carbon or the like to form an enzyme-immobilized electrode. An antibiotic 16 is bonded to a bimolecular lipid membrane constituting the liposome 12 to form one or more pores 17 permeable to glucose. The enzyme-immobilized electrode is used as, for example, a negative electrode of a biofuel cell.

CARBON DIOXIDE IMMOBILIZATION UNIT

There is provided a carbon dioxide immobilization unit capable of easily immobilizing carbon dioxide in the form of an organic acid or a carbohydrate under a normal environment. An anode and a cathode both having a surface where an oxidoreductase is present are disposed to face each other with a proton conductor in between. Then, when electric power is externally supplied to the carbon dioxide immobilization unit, in the anode, water is decomposed to produce protons, and in the cathode, an organic acid or a carbohydrate is produced from the protons produced in the anode and carbon dioxide. At this time, while a carbon dioxide supply section supplies a high concentration of carbon dioxide to the cathode, oxygen produced in the anode and the organic acid or hydrocarbon produced in the cathode are removed from a reaction system through an oxygen removal section and a product recovery section, respectively. 1. A carbon dioxide immobilization unit comprising at least:a first electrode decomposing water to produce protons;a second electrode producing an organic acid or a carbohydrate from the protons produced in the first electrode and carbon dioxide; anda proton conductor transferring the protons produced in the first electrode to the second electrode,wherein an oxidoreductase is present on a surface of the first electrode or a surface of the second electrode, or both.2. The carbon dioxide immobilization unit according to claim 1 , further comprising a carbon dioxide supply section supplying carbon dioxide to the second electrode.3. The carbon dioxide immobilization unit according to claim 2 , whereinthe carbon dioxide supply section supplies a gas containing carbon dioxide in concentration of 0.028 to 100 vol % both inclusive.4. The carbon dioxide immobilization unit according to claim 3 , comprising:an oxygen removal section removing oxygen produced in the first electrode; anda product recovery section extracting the organic acid or the carbohydrate produced in the ...

Biofuel cell, method for producing the same, electronic apparatus, enzyme-immobilized electrode, and method for producing the same

A biofuel cell has a structure in which a cathode and an anode are opposed to each other with a electrolyte layer provided therebetween, at least one of the cathode and the anode including an electrode on which at least one enzyme and at least one electron mediator are immobilized. The concentration of the electron mediator immobilized on the electrode is at least 10 times a Michaelis constant Km of the electron mediator for the enzyme, which is determined by measurement in a solution.

METHOD FOR DESIGNING HEAT-RESISTANT TYROSINE-DEPENDENT SHORT-CHAIN DEHYDROGENASE/REDUCTASE AND HEAT-RESISTANT TYROSINE-DEPENDENT SHORT-CHAIN DEHYDROGENASE/REDUCTASE

A method for designing a heat-resistant mutant enzyme, the method including the step of reducing a distance between the 4 helix and the 6 helix in a protein three-dimensional structure to become smaller than that of a wild type enzyme through deletion, replacement, addition, or insertion of one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence of the wild type enzyme with respect to tyrosine-dependent short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase.

Method of analyzing press forming

A method of analyzing press-forming of a press-forming material including analyzing press-forming, analyzing springback and analyzing a change in shape of the press-forming material. The analyzing press-forming may include setting an initial temperature distribution for the heated press-forming material and performing a press-forming analysis by combining temperature analysis and structural analysis to obtain shape information, temperature distribution, stress distribution, and strain distribution. The analyzing springback may occur with and without consideration of contact heat transfer between a press-forming tool and the press-forming material. The method may further include modifying the temperature distribution obtained in the analyzing springback and then re-analyzing the change in shape of the press-forming material. The analyzing the change in shape may be performed until a temperature distribution in the press-forming material is within the range of ±5° C.

LAP-FILLET ARC WELDING JOINT AND JOINT STRUCTURE FOR PRESS FORMING PARTS

A lap-fillet arc welding joint includes a weld bead, the weld bead being formed on an end portion of one sheet of overlapped two sheets and a surface of other sheet along the end portion. The other sheet includes a projecting portion projecting from the surface at a side of a weld toe of at least one of a start portion and a termination portion of the weld bead. The weld toe is located on a slope surface portion of the projecting portion at a side of the end portion of the one sheet.

MICROBIAL FUEL CELL, FUEL AND MICROBES FOR SAID FUEL CELL, BIOREACTOR AND BIOSENSOR

As a technique for increasing the output of a microbial fuel cell, a microbial fuel cell including a polyol such as glycerol as a fuel and using a microbe in which an enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction has been introduced by genetic recombination on the side of a negative electrode is provided. By this microbial fuel cell, the velocity of the reaction can be increased to thereby give a high output by retaining a microbe in which an enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction such as diaphorase has been introduced by genetic recombination on the side of the negative electrode. 1. A microbial fuel cell comprising a polyol as a fuel.2. The microbial fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the polyol is glycerol.3. The microbial fuel cell according to claim 2 , comprising a microbe in which an enzyme that catalyzes a redox reaction has been introduced by genetic recombination.4. The microbial fuel cell according to claim 3 , wherein the microbe is a microbe from which an enzyme that is not involved in a redox reaction or an enzyme that inhibits the reaction has been deleted by genetic recombination.5. The microbial fuel cell according to claim 4 , wherein the redox reaction is a reaction for generating a redox form of a coenzyme claim 4 , and is any of a reaction for generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by oxidizing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) claim 4 , a reaction for generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) claim 4 , a reaction for generating flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) by oxidizing reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH) claim 4 , or a reaction for generating reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH) by reducing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD).6. The microbial fuel cell according to claim 5 , wherein the enzyme that catalyzes the redox reaction is diaphorase that catalyzes a reaction for generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by oxidizing ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IDENTIFYING EFFECT OF COUNTERMEASURE FOR REDUCING SPRINGBACK ON PRESS-FORMED PRODUCT

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for easily and clearly identifying the effect of a countermeasure for reducing springback in press-forming. According to the invention, the method for identifying the effect of a countermeasure for reducing springback includes calculating a pre-release residual stress distribution in a press-formed part under a preset press-forming condition, calculating an after-release residual stress distribution in the press-formed part released from the die on the basis of the result of calculation, calculating the difference between the residual stress distributions on the basis of these results of calculation, calculating the difference between residual stress distributions similarly obtained under a changed press-forming condition, calculating a variation in the residual stress distribution caused by changing the press-forming condition on the basis of these differences between the residual stress distributions, and displaying the variation in contour plots.

SYSTEM FOR INQUIRING ABOUT FITNESS OF BEVERAGE AS BATTERY FUEL

Disclosed herein is a system for inquiring about fitness of a beverage as battery fuel, including a search request receiving section configured to receive an input of beverage information regarding a beverage as a search request, a storage section having stored therein a reference database in which search requests and performance data of fuel cells are associated with each other, a search section configured to automatically search the reference database for performance data which coincides with the search request, and a search answer outputting section configured to output a search answer.

MULTILAYER TRANSPARENT LIGHT-RECEIVING DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A multilayer transparent light-receiving device with significantly high photoresponsive speed that is easily manufactured, and a high-performance electronic device using the multilayer transparent light-receiving device are provided. The multilayer transparent light-receiving device is composed by laminating a plurality of protein transparent light-receiving elements using an electron transfer protein. The protein transparent light-receiving element has a structure in which a transparent substrate, a transparent electrode, an electron transfer protein layer, an electrolyte layer, and a transparent counter electrode are sequentially laminated. The multilayer transparent light-receiving device is used as a light-receiving device for a camera, an optical disc system and the like.

IMAGING ELEMENT, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IMAGING ELEMENT, AND IMAGING DEVICE

An imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; and a photoelectric conversion layer including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of 1×10sto 1×10sboth inclusive in a p-n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductors. 1. An imaging element , comprising:a fixed electric charge layer;a dielectric layer on the fixed electric charge layer;a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; anda photoelectric conversion layer including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, whereinthe first electrode is between the photoelectric conversion layer and the dielectric layer, and{'sup': 10', '−1', '16', '−1, 'the photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of 1×10sto 1×10sboth inclusive in a p-n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor.'}2. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is quinacridone or a quinacridone derivative.3. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine or a chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine derivative.4. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is pentacene or a pentacene derivative.5. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is benzothienobenzothiophene or a benzothienobenzothiophene derivative.6. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type ...

Press-forming analysis method

A press-forming analysis method includes a step of analyzing press forming including setting an initial temperature distribution to a heated press-forming metallic sheet, and acquiring shape information, a temperature distribution, a stress distribution, and a strain distribution before mold release, in which a temperature analysis and a structural analysis are coupled; a step of analyzing springback including conducting a springback analysis based on the shape information, the temperature distribution, the stress distribution, and the acquired strain distribution, and acquiring shape information, a temperature distribution, a stress distribution, and a strain distribution after springback; and a step of analyzing cooling stress including restraining particular nodes based on the shape information, the temperature distribution, the stress distribution, and the acquired strain distribution, and analyzing stress distributions during cooling and after the cooling by coupling a temperature analysis and a structural analysis.

WARM PRESS FORMING METHOD AND AUTOMOBILE FRAME COMPONENT

A method of forming a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 440 MPa or more into a press-formed part including a flange portion and other portions by press forming includes: heating the steel sheet to a temperature of 400° C. to 700° C.; and press-forming the heated steel sheet using draw forming to obtain a press-formed part, with the steel sheet being held at a press bottom dead point in the die for one second to five seconds. Geometric changes such as springback that occur in a panel can thus be suppressed, the dimensional accuracy of the panel can be enhanced, and the desired mechanical properties can easily be obtained in the press-formed part. 112-. (canceled)13. A warm press forming method of forming a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 440 MPa or more into a press-formed part including flange portions and other portions by press forming , the method comprising:heating the steel sheet to a temperature of 400° C. to 700° C.; andpress-forming the heated steel sheet using draw forming to obtain a press-formed part, with the steel sheet being held at a press bottom dead point in a die for one second to five seconds.14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein a difference in average temperature among flange portions and other portions of the press-formed part immediately after draw forming is kept within 150° C.15. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the press-formed part has a tensile strength of 80% to 110% of a tensile strength of the steel sheet.17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the press-formed part has a tensile strength of 80% to 110% of a tensile strength of the steel sheet.20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the steel sheet comprises a coating or plating layer on a surface thereof.22. An automobile frame component produced by the method according to .25. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the steel sheet comprises a coating or plating layer on a surface thereof.26. An automobile frame component produced ...

WARM PRESS FORMING METHOD AND AUTOMOBILE FRAME COMPONENT

A method forms a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 440 MPa or more into a press-formed part including a flange portion and other portions by press forming. The method includes: heating the steel sheet to a temperature of 400° C. to 700° C.; and press-forming the heated steel sheet by crash forming to obtain a press-formed part such that an average temperature difference among a flange portion and other portions of the press-formed part immediately after the formation is kept within 100° C. Geometric changes such as springback that occur in a panel can thus be suppressed, dimensional accuracy of the panel can be enhanced accordingly, and the desired mechanical properties can easily be obtained in the press-formed part. 112-. (canceled)13. A warm press method of forming a steel sheet having a tensile strength of 440 MPa or more into a press-formed part including flange portions and other portions by press forming , the method comprising:heating the steel sheet to a temperature of 400° C. to 700° C.; andpress-forming the heated steel sheet by crash forming to obtain a press-formed part such that a difference in average temperature among flange portions and other portions of the press-formed part immediately after formation is kept within 100° C.14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the press-formed part has a tensile strength of 80% to 110% of a tensile strength of the steel sheet.18. The method according to claim 16 , wherein the steel sheet comprises a coating or plating layer on a surface thereof.19. The method according to claim 16 , wherein during the crash forming claim 16 , the steel sheet is held at a press bottom dead point in a die for one second or more.20. An automobile frame component produced by the method according to .21. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the steel sheet comprises a coating or plating layer on a surface thereof.22. The method according to claim 17 , wherein during the crash forming claim 17 , the steel sheet is ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, IMAGE PICKUP ELEMENT, LAMINATED IMAGE PICKUP ELEMENT, AND SOLID-STATE IMAGE PICKUP DEVICE

An image pickup element is constituted by laminating at least a first electrode, an organic photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode in order, and the organic photoelectric conversion layer includes a first organic semiconductor material having the following structural formula (1). 121-. (canceled)24. The image pickup element according to claim 22 , wherein the aromatic hydrocarbon group is selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group claim 22 , a naphthyl group claim 22 , an anthryl group claim 22 , a phenanthryl group claim 22 , a pyrenyl group claim 22 , and a benzopyrenyl group claim 22 ,wherein the heterocyclic group is selected from the group consisting of a pyridyl group, a pyradyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an indolenyl group, an imidazolyl group, a thienyl group, a furyl group, a pyranyl group, and a pyridonyl group,wherein the halogenated aromatic group is selected from the group consisting of a halogenated phenyl group, a halogenated naphthyl group, an halogenated anthryl group, a halogenated phenanthryl group, a halogenated pyrenyl group, and a halogenated benzopyrenyl group; andwherein the fused heterocyclic group is selected from the group consisting of a benzoquinolyl group, an anthraquinolyl group, and a benzothienyl group.25. The image pickup element according to claim 22 , wherein the fullerene derivative comprises a halogen atom claim 22 , a straight chain claim 22 , branched or cyclic alkyl group or phenyl group claim 22 , a group having a straight chain or condensed aromatic compound claim 22 , a group having a halide claim 22 , a partial fluoroalkyl group claim 22 , a perfluoroalkyl group claim 22 , a cyrilalkyl group claim 22 , a cyrilalkoxy group claim 22 , an allycyril group claim 22 , an allylsulfanyl group claim 22 , an alkylsulfide group claim 22 , an allylsulphonyl group claim 22 , an alkylsulphonyl group claim 22 , an allylsulfany group claim 22 , an ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING HOT PRESS FORMED PART AND HOT PRESS FORMED PART

A method for manufacturing a hot press formed part, includes: preparing a hot press forming object comprising a single-ply portion and a two-ply portion; heating the hot press forming object to a temperature range from an Actransformation temperature of a base steel sheet of the first coated steel sheet to 1000° C.; press forming the hot press forming object to obtain a formed body, the press forming being started upon temperatures of the single-ply portion and of the two-ply portion being no higher than solidification points of Zn—Ni coating layers of the first and second coated steel sheets and no lower than an Artransformation temperature of the base steel sheet of the first coated steel sheet; and quenching the formed body to thereby obtain a hot press formed part, in which the hot press forming object has a thickness ratio from 1.4 to 5.0. 1. A method for manufacturing a hot press formed part , comprising:preparing a hot press forming object comprising a single-ply portion and a two-ply portion by welding first and second coated steel sheets together in partially overlapping relationship, each of the first and second coated steel sheets having a Zn—Ni coating layer formed on a surface thereof;{'sub': '3', 'heating the hot press forming object to a temperature range from an Actransformation temperature of a base steel sheet of the first coated steel sheet to 1000° C.;'}{'sub': '3', 'press forming the hot press forming object to obtain a formed body, the press forming being started upon temperatures of the single-ply portion and of the two-ply portion being no higher than solidification points of the Zn—Ni coating layers of the first and second coated steel sheets and no lower than an Artransformation temperature of the base steel sheet of the first coated steel sheet; and'}quenching the formed body, while squeezing the formed body by a tool of press forming and holding at its press bottom dead center, to thereby obtain a hot press formed part,{'sub': 2', '1', '1 ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION ELEMENT, IMAGE PICKUP ELEMENT, LAMINATED IMAGE PICKUP ELEMENT, AND SOLID-STATE IMAGE PICKUP DEVICE

An image pickup element is constituted by laminating at least a first electrode, an organic photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode in order, and the organic photoelectric conversion layer includes a first organic semiconductor material having the following structural formula (1). 3. The image pickup element according to claim 1 , wherein the organic photoelectric conversion layer further includes a second organic semiconductor material claim 1 , the second organic semiconductor material includes either fullerene or a fullerene derivative.4. The image pickup element according to claim 1 , wherein the organic photoelectric conversion layer further includes a second organic semiconductor material and a third organic semiconductor material;the second organic semiconductor material includes either fullerene or a fullerene derivative; and{'sub': 3', '1', '2, 'a value μof a line absorption coefficient in a local maximum optical absorption wavelength of a visible light region of the third organic semiconductor material is larger than a value μof a line absorption coefficient in a local maximum optical absorption wavelength of a visible light region of the first organic semiconductor material, and is larger than a value μof a line absorption coefficient in a local maximum optical absorption wavelength of a visible light region of the second organic semiconductor material.'}5. The image pickup element according to claim 4 , wherein an exciton generated by optical absorption of the third organic semiconductor material is subjected to exciton separation in both interfaces of the organic semiconductor materials selected from two of the first organic semiconductor material claim 4 , the second organic semiconductor material claim 4 , and the third organic semiconductor material claim 4 , or an exciton generated by optical absorption of the third organic semiconductor material is subjected to exciton separation in an interface of one kind of organic semiconductor ...

Method of manufacturing hot press-formed part, and hot press-formed part

A method of manufacturing a hot press-formed part by hot pressing a coated steel sheet formed with a Zn—Ni plating layer on a surface of a steel sheet includes: heating the coated steel sheet to a temperature range of Ac 3 transformation temperature to 1000° C.; cooling the coated steel sheet to 550-410° C. at a cooling rate of 100° C./s or higher by squeezing the coated steel sheet with a press tool for cooling having flat surfaces configured to contact the coated steel sheet; press forming the coated steel sheet with a tool of press forming to obtain a formed body, the press forming being initiated within 5 seconds after the cooling while the temperature of the coated steel sheet is 550-400° C.; and quenching the formed body, while squeezing the formed body with the tool of press forming and holding at its press bottom dead center, to obtain a hot press-formed part.

IMAGING ELEMENT, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IMAGING ELEMENT, AND IMAGING DEVICE

An imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; and a photoelectric conversion layer including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of 1×10° sto 1×10sboth inclusive in a p-n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor. 1. An imaging element , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode that faces the first electrode; anda photoelectric conversion layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, whereinthe photoelectric conversion layer comprises a bulk-hetero junction structure, the bulk-hetero junction structure comprises a p-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor, and a p-n junction surface between the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor,the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor have controlled molecular orientations, and{'sup': 10', '−1', '16', '−1, 'the photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of 1×10sto 1×10s.'}2. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor is one of quinacridone or a quinacridone derivative.3. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor is one of chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine or a chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine derivative.4. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor is one of pentacene or a pentacene derivative.5. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor or the n-type semiconductor is one of benzothienobenzothiophene or a benzothienobenzothiophene derivative.6. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type ...

IMAGING ELEMENT, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IMAGING ELEMENT, AND IMAGING DEVICE

An imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; and a photoelectric conversion layer including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of 1×10sto 1×10sboth inclusive in a p-n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor. 1. An imaging element , comprising:a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; anda photoelectric conversion layer including a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein{'sup': 10', '−1', '16', '−1, 'the photoelectric conversion layer has an exciton charge separation rate of 1×10sto 1×10sboth inclusive in a p-n junction surface formed by the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor.'}2. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is quinacridone or a quinacridone derivative.3. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine or a chlorinated boron subphthalocyanine derivative.4. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is pentacene or a pentacene derivative.5. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is benzothienobenzothiophene or a benzothienobenzothiophene derivative.6. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein one of the p-type semiconductor and the n-type semiconductor is fullerene or a fullerene derivative.7. The imaging element according to claim 1 , wherein the photoelectric conversion layer includes two or more of quinacridone claim 1 ...

Method of evaluating hot stamped part and method of manufacturing hot stamped part

A method of evaluating a hot stamped part manufactured by hot stamping a coated steel sheet having a Zn—Ni coating layer on a surface of a base steel sheet includes an analysis model setting step, a forming condition setting step, a forming analysis step, and an evaluation step which are performed using a computer, wherein in the evaluation step, a maximum micro-crack depth in the hot stamped part manufactured under a forming condition set in the forming condition setting step is evaluated using a correlation, obtained beforehand, between an equivalent plastic strain in a surface layer of the hot stamped part and the maximum micro-crack depth in the hot stamped part.

Method of analyzing press forming

A method of analyzing press-forming of a press-forming material including analyzing press-forming, analyzing springback and analyzing a change in shape of the press-forming material. The analyzing press-forming may include setting an initial temperature distribution for the heated press-forming material and performing a press-forming analysis by combining temperature analysis and structural analysis to obtain shape information, temperature distribution, stress distribution, and strain distribution. The analyzing springback may occur with and without consideration of contact heat transfer between a press-forming tool and the press-forming material. The method may further include modifying the temperature distribution obtained in the analyzing springback and then re-analyzing the change in shape of the press-forming material. The analyzing the change in shape may be performed until a temperature distribution in the press-forming material is within the range of ±5° C.

Three-dimensional interactive display

【課題】マルチタッチセンシングや３次元ジェスチャー認識などを行うことができ、しかも薄型に構成することができる３次元インタラクティブディスプレイを提供する。 【解決手段】３次元インタラクティブディスプレイは、検出しようとする物体１５に光を照射するための光源１１と、光源１１から物体１５に光１６を照射することにより発生する散乱光１７が入射し、この散乱光１７の強度を変調する機能を少なくとも有する光変調層１２と、光変調層１２を透過した光を受光するための透明受光層１３と、透明受光層１３に関して光変調層１２と反対側に設けられたディスプレイパネル１４またはバックライトパネルとを有する。透明受光層１３は受光素子Ｄの２次元アレイを有する。 【選択図】図１

Fuel cell, electronic apparatus, and buffering liquid for fuel cell

【課題】正極および負極の少なくとも一方に酵素が固定化されている場合に、高出力動作時にも十分な緩衝能を得ることができ、酵素が本来持っている能力を十分に発揮することができ、優れた性能を有する燃料電池を提供する。 【解決手段】正極２と負極１とが、緩衝物質を含む電解質層３を介して対向した構造を有し、正極２および負極１の少なくとも一方に酵素が固定化されているバイオ燃料電池において、電解質層３に緩衝物質としてイミダゾール環を含む化合物を含ませ、さらに酢酸、リン酸および硫酸からなる群より選ばれた少なくとも一種の酸を添加する。イミダゾール環を含む化合物としては、イミダゾール、１−メチルイミダゾール、２−メチルイミダゾール、４−メチルイミダゾール、２−エチルイミダゾールなどを用いる。 【選択図】図１

Fuel cell and method of manufacturing the same, enzyme fixed electrode and method of manufacturing the same, and electronic device

【課題】負極に少なくともグルコースデヒドロゲナーゼおよびジアホラーゼがポリ−Ｌ−リシンとグルタルアルデヒドとからなる固定化材により固定化される場合に、電流密度およびその維持率の向上を図ることができる燃料電池を提供する。 【解決手段】正極２と負極１とが電解質層３を介して対向した構造を有し、負極１が、ポリ−Ｌ−リシンとグルタルアルデヒドとからなる固定化材により少なくともグルコースデヒドロゲナーゼおよびジアホラーゼが電極上に固定化されたものからなる燃料電池において、固定化材におけるポリ−Ｌ−リシンとグルタルアルデヒドとの質量比を５：１〜８０：１、グルコースデヒドロゲナーゼとジアホラーゼとの質量比を１：３〜２００：１、ポリ−Ｌ−リシンの平均分子量を２１５００以上とする。 【選択図】図１

Fuel cell, electronic apparatus, vehicle, power generation system and cogeneration system

【課題】 デンプン等の多糖類から直接電力を取り出すことができる燃料電池を提供する。 【解決手段】 カーボン等の電極１１上に、多糖類から単糖類への分解に関与する酵素と、生成した単糖類の分解に関与する酵素と、単糖類の分解プロセスにおける酸化反応に伴って還元体が生成される補酵素（例えば、ＮＡＤ + 、ＮＡＤＰ + 等）と、補酵素の還元体（例えば、ＮＡＤＨ、ＮＡＤＰＨ等）を酸化する補酵素酸化酵素（例えば、ジアホラーゼ）と、補酵素酸化酵素から補酵素の酸化に伴って生じる電子を受け取って電極１１に渡す電子メディエータ（例えば、ＡＣＮＱ、ビタミンＫ３等）とを、固定化材により固定化して燃料極１を形成する。燃料極１と空気極５とを電解質層３を介して対向させることにより燃料電池を構成する。 【選択図】 図１

Photoelectric conversion element, imaging element, multilayer imaging element and solid-state imaging device

An image pickup element is constituted by laminating at least a first electrode, an organic photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode in order, and the organic photoelectric conversion layer includes a first organic semiconductor material having the following structural formula (1).

Biofuel cell, method for producing the same, electronic apparatus, enzyme-immobilized electrode, and method for producing the same

A biofuel cell has a structure in which a cathode and an anode are opposed to each other with a electrolyte layer provided therebetween, at least one of the cathode and the anode including an electrode on which at least one enzyme and at least one electron mediator are immobilized. The concentration of the electron mediator immobilized on the electrode is at least 10 times a Michaelis constant K m of the electron mediator for the enzyme, which is determined by measurement in a solution.

Device for immobilizing carbon dioxide

There is provided a carbon dioxide immobilization unit capable of easily immobilizing carbon dioxide in the form of an organic acid or a carbohydrate under a normal environment. An anode 1 and a cathode 2 both having a surface where an oxidoreductase is present are disposed to face each other with a proton conductor 3 in between. Then, when electric power is externally supplied to the carbon dioxide immobilization unit, in the anode 1, water is decomposed to produce protons, and in the cathode 2, an organic acid or a carbohydrate is produced from the protons produced in the anode 1 and carbon dioxide. At this time, while a carbon dioxide supply section 5 supplies a high concentration of carbon dioxide to the cathode 2, oxygen produced in the anode 1 and the organic acid or hydrocarbon produced in the cathode 2 are removed from a reaction system through an oxygen removal section 4 and a product recovery section 6, respectively.

Method for production of hot press molded article, and hot press molded article

【課題】Zn-Ni系めっき層を形成した表面処理鋼板を熱間プレス成形するに際し、形状凍結性の低下を抑制しつつ、ミクロクラックの発生を抑制する熱間プレス成形品の製造方法および熱間プレス成形品を提供する。【解決手段】本発明に係る熱間プレス成形品の製造方法は、Zn-Niめっき層が素地鋼板の表面に形成された表面処理鋼板に熱間プレスを施して熱間プレス成形品を製造する熱間プレス成形品の製造方法であって、Ac3変態点以上で1000℃以下の温度域に加熱した表面処理鋼板の全面を、表面処理鋼板との接触面が平面である冷却用金型３を用いて、100℃/s以上の冷却速度で550℃以下410℃以上の温度まで冷却する冷却工程と、冷却後5秒以内にプレス成形金型１１を用いて鋼板温度が550℃以下400℃以上の範囲内でプレス成形を開始するプレス成形工程と、表面処理鋼板をプレス成形金型１１で挟んだまま保持して表面処理鋼板を焼入れる焼入れ工程とを備えたことを特徴とするものである。【選択図】 図１

Cytochrome c552 color imaging element and method of manufacturing the same, cytochrome c552 photosensor and method of manufacturing the same, cytochrome c552 photoelectric transducer and method of manufacturing the same, and cytochrome c552 electronic device

A color imaging element, a photosensor and a photoelectric transducer which use a protein and are capable of being stably used for a long time, and methods of manufacturing them are provided. A zinc-substituted cytochrome c552 is immobilized on a gold electrode with a self-assembled monolayer in between to form a blue-light photoelectric transducer. Alternatively, a cytochrome c552 is immobilized on a gold electrode with a self-assembled monolayer in between, and a fluorescent protein absorbing blue light is bonded to the cytochrome c552, thereby forming a blue-light photoelectric transducer. These photoelectric transducers each are used as a color imaging element or a blue-light photoelectric transducer of a photosensor.

Coloring matter sensitization type photoelectric conversion device

Device for immobilizing carbon dioxide

Method of manufacturing hot press-formed part, and hot press-formed part

Structure for bonding press-molded article, structural article for automobile having said bonding structure, and method for manufacturing bonded article

Method for producing protein semiconductor, protein semiconductor, method for producing p-n junction, p-n junction, method for producing semiconductor device, semiconductor device, electronic apparatus, and method for controlling conductivity type of protein semiconductor

【課題】タンパク質半導体の導電型を容易に制御することができるタンパク質半導体の導電型の制御方法、これを利用したタンパク質半導体の製造方法およびｐｎ接合の製造方法を提供する。 【解決手段】アミノ酸残基全体の電荷量を制御することによりタンパク質半導体の導電型を制御し、ｐ型タンパク質半導体あるいはｎ型タンパク質半導体を製造し、ｐ型タンパク質半導体とｎ型タンパク質半導体とを用いてｐｎ接合を製造する。アミノ酸残基全体の電荷量の制御は、タンパク質に含まれる酸性のアミノ酸残基、塩基性のアミノ酸残基および中性のアミノ酸残基のうちの１つまたは複数個を自身の性質と異なる性質を有するアミノ酸残基に置換したり、タンパク質に含まれる酸性のアミノ酸残基、塩基性のアミノ酸残基および中性のアミノ酸残基のうちの１つまたは複数個を化学修飾したり、タンパク質の周りを囲む媒体の極性を制御したりすることにより行う。 【選択図】図１

Warm press forming method and automobile frame component

Method of generating hydrogen gas, hydrogen gas production apparatus and energy conversion system

変異型グルコン酸脱水素酵素

【課題】酵素活性及び／又は耐熱性の程度が所定レベル以上の変異型グルコン酸脱水素酵素の提供。 【解決手段】特定の配列で表されるアミノ酸配列において、１若しくは数個のアミノ酸が欠失、置換、付加、若しくは挿入されたアミノ酸配列からなり、特定の配列で表されるアミノ酸配列からなる野生型グルコン酸脱水素酵素に対して１２０％以上の酵素活性を示す変異型グルコン酸脱水素酵素、及び／又は、所定条件下での加熱処理後の残存酵素活性が加熱処理前の酵素活性の２０％以上である変異型グルコン酸脱水素酵素。 【選択図】なし

Methods for evaluating and manufacturing hot-press formed article

Junta de soldadura por arco de solape-filete y estructura de junta para partes de estampacion.

Una junta de soldadura por arco de solape-filete 1 de conformidad con la presente invención se configura mediante la superposición de una lámina superior 10 y una lámina inferior 20 y la formación de un cordón de soldadura 30 en una porción de extremo 11 de la lámina superior 10 y una superficie 21 de la lámina inferior 20 a lo largo de la porción de extremo 11. La lámina inferior 20 tiene una porción saliente 23 en por lo menos un lado de los bordes de soldadura 31a y 33a de una porción de inicio 31 y una porción de terminación 33 del cordón de soldadura 30, y el borde de soldadura 31a o 33a se ubica en una porción de superficie de derrame 23a de la porción saliente 23 en el lado de la lámina superior 10.

Press-forming analysis method

Bilirubin oxidase mutant having thermal stability

Recombinant bilirubin oxidase and production method for same

Disclosed is a method of producing a recombinant bilirubin oxidase, including a step wherein a bilirubin oxidase gene derived from imperfect filamentous fungus Myrothecium verrucaria is introduced to Escherichia coli and expression thereof is allowed. Also disclosed is a recombinant bilirubin oxidase obtained by this production method. This recombinant bilirubin oxidase has an enzymatic activity higher than that of a natural bilirubin oxidase derived from the imperfect filamentous fungus Myrothecium verrucaria.

bilirrubina oxidase recombinante, e , método para preparar uma bilirrubina oxidase recombinante.

bilirrubina oxidase recombinante, e , método para preparar uma bilirrubina oxidase recombinante - é descrito um método de produção de uma bilirrubina oxidase recombinante, que inclui uma etapa em que um gene da bulirrubina oxidase derivado do fungo filamentoso myrothecium verrucaria é introduzido em escherichia coli e a sua expressão é permitida. também é descrita uma bilirrubina oxidase recombinante obtida por este método de produção. esta bilirrubina oxidase recombinante tem uma atividade enzimática maior do que a de uma bilirrubina oxidase natural derivada do fungo filamentoso imperfeito myrothecium verrucaria.

Recombinant bilirubin oxidase and production method for same

Disclosed is a method of producing a recombinant bilirubin oxidase, including a step wherein a bilirubin oxidase gene derived from imperfect filamentous fungus Myrothecium verrucaria is introduced to Escherichia coli and expression thereof is allowed. Also disclosed is a recombinant bilirubin oxidase obtained by this production method. This recombinant bilirubin oxidase has an enzymatic activity higher than that of a natural bilirubin oxidase derived from the imperfect filamentous fungus Myrothecium verrucaria.

燃料電池

【課題】飲用の燃料溶液が汚染されず、かつ、燃料溶液の回収が容易なバイオ燃料電池を提供する。 【解決手段】本発明のバイオ燃料電池１は電池部１０に吸収体部３０が取り付けられ、電池部１０の燃料溶液５０は吸収体部３０に吸収され、保持される。発電に使用した後の燃料溶液５０が燃料供給部１３から逆流せず、燃料溶液５０の汚染がおきないので、市販飲料等の燃料溶液５０を、飲用と発電用の両方に用いることができる。また、吸収体部３０を電池部１０から取り除くだけで、燃料溶液５０の回収や廃棄が行える。 【選択図】図１

dispositivo de recepção de luz transparente de múltiplas camadas, e, dispositivo eletrônico

Multilayer transparent light-receiving element and electronic device

プレス成形解析方法

【課題】温間プレス成形における冷却後の形状を予測可能にしたプレス成形解析方法を提供する。 【解決手段】加熱した被プレス成形材料に対して初期温度分布を設定してプレス成形解析を行い離型前の形状情報、温度分布、応力分布及び歪分布を取得するプレス成形解析工程と、プレス成形解析工程で得られた形状情報等に基づいてスプリングバック解析を行いスプリングバック後の形状情報等を取得するスプリングバック解析工程とを備えたものである。 【選択図】図１

Protein photoelectric conversion device, photoelectric conversion system, protein photoelectric conversion device manufacturing method, photoelectric conversion system manufacturing method and protein-immobilized electrode

A protein photoelectric conversion device includes: a gold electrode; and a metal-substituted cytochrome b 562 or a zinc chlorin cytochrome b 562 , or a derivative or a variant thereof immobilized on the gold electrode.

水素ガス発生方法、水素ガス製造装置及びエネルギー変換システム

水素吸蔵体の製造方法及び水素吸蔵体

(57)【要約】 【課題】 低コストかつ簡易であり、高純度及び高収率 を実現することができる水素吸蔵体の製造方法、及びこ の製造方法により合成され、高度に構造制御され、軽 量、安価かつ安全で輸送性が高く、水素吸蔵能に優れた 水素吸蔵体を提供すること。 【解決手段】 下記一般式（１）で表される構造を有す るポリマーに対して、急速昇温加熱及びエネルギー照射 処理の少なくとも１種を施す工程を有する、水素吸蔵体 の製造方法。また、前記ポリマーを原料とし、ナノサイ ズの厚さを有するシート状炭素材料及びナノサイズとミ クロンオーダーの中間的な径を有する繊維状炭素材料の 少なくとも１種の形状からなる、水素吸蔵体。 【化４】一般式（１）： （但し、前記一般式（１）において、Ｒは炭化水素基で あって、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよく、ｎは２〜１０ ０００である。）

電極、この電極を用いた酵素センサ、燃料電池および電子機器、並びにポリオール分解方法

　任意の基質から多段階的に還元型補酵素を生成可能な電極を提供する。電極は、2-ヒドロキシカルボン酸生成酵素と、2-オキソ酸生成酵素と、2-オキソ酸カルボキシリアーゼと、を含有する。この電極は、酸化還元酵素である2-ヒドロキシカルボン酸生成酵素と2-オキソ酸生成酵素に加え、脱炭酸酵素である2-オキソ酸カルボキシリアーゼを有するため、酸化還元酵素では反応が進行しないカルボキシル基を有する酸化生成物を、脱炭酸させ、酸化還元酵素が作用可能な物質へと変化させることができる。従って、任意の基質に対し、酸化反応と脱炭酸反応を繰り返し進行させることができる、それに伴い還元型補酵素を大量に生成する。

成形限界測定方法および装置

【課題】中島法やマルシニアック法によらず、加熱した試験材の成形限界線を求めるための成形限界測定方法及び装置を得ることを目的とする。【解決手段】本発明に係る成形限界測定方法は、試験材を加熱する試験材加熱工程を有し、プレス成形は、加熱した試験材に、金型と接触して低温になる部分と、金型と非接触で高温の部分が隣り合って存在し、両者の境界付近の高温部分で、試験材３にネッキングまたはクラックが発生するようにプレス成形を行うことを特徴とするものである。【選択図】 図１

Metodo de analisis optimizado, aparato y programa para posiciones de union de carroceria de automovil.

Un método de análisis optimizado para posiciones de unión de una carrocería de automóvil de conformidad con la presente invención incluye establecer la totalidad o parte de un modelo de carrocería 5 10 15 de automóvil como un modelo de objeto de análisis (S1), generar un modelo de análisis optimizado (151) estableciendo densamente puntos de unión candidatos al modelo de objeto de análisis (S3), establecer una condición de carga variable (S5), establecer un recíproco de un objetivo predeterminado de vida útil a la fatiga como objetivo de daño acumulativo del revestimiento (S7), establecimiento de la mejora de la rigidez del modelo de análisis optimizado (151), reducción del daño acumulativo del revestimiento que es un recíproco de la vida útil a la fatiga de la unión de los puntos candidatos (155), y la minimización del número de puntos de unión candidatos (155), como condiciones de análisis optimizadas (S9), y realizar un análisis optimizado aplicando la condición de carga variable al modelo de análisis optimizado (151) para obtener una disposición óptima de los puntos de unión (157) que consiga las condiciones de análisis optimizadas (S13).

プレス成形用金型装置

【課題】簡易的な構成でスプリングバック抑制やホットプレス成形における焼入れ性向上を図ることができるプレス成形用金型装置を提供する。 【解決手段】本発明に係るプレス成形用金型装置１は、上金型と、該上金型と協働して鋼板をプレス成形する下金型とを有するプレス成形用金型装置１であって、上金型としてのダイ９、ダイ９と協働して鋼板３をプレス成形する下金型としての分割パンチ５とフランジ成形ダイ７と、ダイ９の成形時の荷重を受けて該荷重を、フランジ成形ダイ７を移動させる駆動力に変換する油圧式動力変換伝達機構１１とを備えたものである。 【選択図】 図１

燃料電池内蔵カード及びカード情報処理システム

【課題】 燃料電池が内蔵された新規なカードや該カードを用いるシステムの提供。 【解決手段】 カード表面に露出する燃料供給部２と、該燃料供給部から導入された燃料によって発電する構成の燃料電池部１と、該燃料電池部１の発電に係わる情報等を表示し得る表示部３と、を少なくとも備えるカードＣを提供するとともに、このカードＣに形成された端子５を介して電気的信号の送受信を行うことが可能に構成された外部装置Ｍ１（Ｍ２）と、から構成されているカード情報処理システムを提供する。 【選択図】 図１

車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法、装置及びプログラム

【課題】変動荷重条件下での疲労寿命と剛性を向上させつつ、接合線の長さを最小化する接合線の最適位置を求め、同時に剛性向上に寄与しない部品の軽量化を達成する車体の接合位置の最適化解析装置、方法及びプログラムを提供する。【解決手段】方法は、車体モデルを解析対象モデルとして設定し、解析対象モデルに接合候補線を設定して接合線最適化解析モデルを生成し、変動荷重条件と目標疲労寿命を設定し、部品剛性感度解析を行い、剛性性能に対する感度の低い剛性低感度部品モデルを選定し、接合線・部品形状最適化解析モデルを生成し、残存させる接合候補線の累積損傷度に関する条件と、接合線・部品形状最適化解析モデルの剛性に関する条件と、最適化解析により残存させる接合候補線の長さに関する条件と、剛性低感度部品の体積率に関する条件と、を最適化解析条件として設定し、変動荷重条件を接合線・部品形状最適化解析モデルに与えて最適化解析を行う。【選択図】図１３

車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法及び装置

【課題】疲労寿命と剛性を向上させる最適接合点の位置を求める車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法及び装置を提供する。【解決手段】本発明に係る車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法は、複数の部品モデルを部品組みとして接合する初期接合点が設定された車体モデルの全部又は一部を解析対象モデルとして設定するステップ（Ｓ１）と、解析対象モデルに与える荷重条件及び拘束条件を設定するステップ（Ｓ３）と、解析対象モデルの応力解析を行うステップ（Ｓ５）と、初期接合点の疲労寿命を算出し目標疲労寿命を設定するステップ（Ｓ７）と、解析対象モデルに接合候補点を設定して最適化解析モデルを生成するステップ（Ｓ９）と、接合候補点の点数と接合候補点の疲労寿命と最適化解析モデルの剛性に関する最適化解析条件である目的関数又は制約条件を設定するステップ（Ｓ１１）と、最適化解析条件を満たす接合候補点を最適接合点として求めるステップ（Ｓ１３）を含む。【選択図】 図１０

熱間プレス成形品の評価方法及び製造方法

【課題】Zn-Ni系めっき層を形成した表面処理鋼板を加熱した後にプレス成形して熱間プレス成形品を製造するに際し、熱間プレス成形品に発生するマイクロクラック最大深さを容易に評価する熱間プレス成形品の評価方法及びマイクロクラック発生を抑制する熱間プレス成形品の製造方法を提供する【解決手段】本発明に係る熱間プレス成形品の評価方法は、熱間プレス成形品１１の解析モデルを設定する解析モデル設定工程Ｓ１と、熱間プレス成形条件を設定する熱間プレス成形条件設定工程Ｓ３と、該熱間プレス成形条件で前記解析モデルの熱間プレス成形解析を行う熱間プレス成形解析工程Ｓ５と、該熱間プレス成形解析工程で算出された熱間プレス成形品１１の表層部における相当塑性歪みに基づいて、前記熱間プレス成形条件で製造される熱間プレス成形品１１に発生するマイクロクラック最大深さを評価する熱間プレス成形品評価工程Ｓ７とを備えたものである。【選択図】 図１

新規な電極、該電極を用いた酵素センサー又は燃料電池、及び前記酵素センサー又は燃料電池を用いた電気機器、並びにポリオール分解方法

【課題】任意の基質から多段階的に還元型補酵素を生成可能な新規電極を提供すること。 【解決手段】2-ヒドロキシカルボン酸生成酵素と、2-オキソ酸生成酵素と、2-オキソ酸カルボキシリアーゼと、を少なくとも含有する電極を提供する。本発明に係る電極は、酸化還元酵素である2-ヒドロキシカルボン酸生成酵素と2-オキソ酸生成酵素に加え、脱炭酸酵素である2-オキソ酸カルボキシリアーゼを有するため、酸化還元酵素では反応が進行しないカルボキシル基を有する酸化生成物を、脱炭酸させ、酸化還元酵素が作用可能な物質へと変化させることができる。従って、任意の基質に対し、酸化反応と脱炭酸反応を繰り返し進行させることができるため、それに伴い、還元型補酵素を大量に生成することができる。 【選択図】図６

プレス成形解析方法

【課題】温間プレス成形における冷却後の形状を予測できるプレス成形解析方法を提供する。 【解決手段】本発明に係るプレス成形解析方法は、被プレス成形材料に対して初期温度分布を設定して温度解析と構造解析を連成させてプレス成形解析を行いプレス成形後の形状情報、温度分布、応力分布及び歪分布を取得するプレス成形解析工程と、該プレス成形解析工程で得られたデータに基づくと共に金型と被プレス成形材料間の接触熱伝達を考慮することなく／考慮して温度解析と構造解析を連成させてスプリングバック解析を行いスプリングバック後の形状情報、温度分布、応力分布及び歪分布を取得するスプリングバック解析工程と、該スプリングバック解析工程で取得されたデータに基づいて前記被プレス成形材料の温度分布が±５℃以内になるまでの冷却中及び冷却後の形状変化を温度解析と構造解析を連成させて解析する冷却形状解析工程とを備えたものである。 【選択図】 図１

機能性炭素材料の製造方法及び機能性炭素材料

(57)【要約】 【課題】 低コスト、安全、簡易かつ環境負荷の小さい プロセスであり、また、高純度及び高収率を実現するこ とができる機能性炭素材料の製造方法、及びこの製造方 法により合成され、高度に構造制御された機能性炭素材 料を提供すること。 【解決手段】 下記一般式（１）で表される構造を有す るポリマーに対して、低温加熱処理（１００〜３００ ℃）を施し、多環芳香族炭化水素を有する微細結晶炭素 材料を形成する工程を有する、機能性炭素材料の製造方 法。下記一般式（１）で表される構造を有するポリマー を原料とし、これを低温加熱処理することにより得ら れ、多環芳香族炭化水素を有する微細結晶炭素材料から なる、機能性炭素材料。 【化４】一般式（１）： （但し、前記一般式（１）において、Ｒは炭化水素基で あって、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよく、ｎは２〜１０ ０００である。）

車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法、装置及びプログラム

【課題】変動荷重条件下での疲労寿命と剛性を向上させつつ、接合線の長さを最小化する接合線の最適配置を求める車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法、装置及びプログラムを提供する。【解決手段】本発明に係る車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法は、車体モデルの全部又は一部を解析対象モデルとして設定し（Ｓ１）、解析対象モデルに接合候補線を設定して最適化解析モデル１５１を生成し（Ｓ３）、変動荷重条件を設定し（Ｓ５）、所定の目標疲労寿命の逆数を目標累積損傷度として設定し（Ｓ７）、最適化解析モデル１５１の剛性の向上と、接合候補線１５５の疲労寿命の逆数である累積損傷度の低減と、接合候補線１５５の長さの最小化と、を最適化解析条件として設定し（Ｓ９）、変動荷重条件を最適化解析モデル１５１に与えて最適化解析を行い、最適化解析条件を達成する接合線１５７の最適配置を求める（Ｓ１１）ものである。【選択図】 図１１

車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法、装置及びプログラム

【課題】変動荷重条件下で部品組みを接合する連続接合線の疲労寿命を向上させつつ、接合線の長さを最小化する接合線の最適な配置と部品形状の適正化を同時に達成する車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法、装置およびプログラムを提供する。【解決手段】本発明に係る車体の接合位置の最適化解析方法は、車体モデルの全部又は一部を解析対象モデルとして設定し（Ｓ１）、接合候補線を設定して接合線最適化解析モデル１５１を生成し（Ｓ３）、変動荷重条件を設定し（Ｓ５）、目標疲労寿命を設定し（Ｓ６）、接合線感度解析を行い（Ｓ７）、接合線・部品形状最適化解析モデル１５６を生成し（Ｓ８）、最適化解析条件として設定する最適化解析条件設定ステップ（Ｓ９）と、変動荷重条件を接合線・部品形状最適化解析モデル１５６に与えて最適化解析を行い、最適化解析条件を達成する接合線１５７の最適配置を求める（Ｓ１１）ものである。【選択図】 図１５

熱間プレス成形品の製造方法および熱間プレス成形品

【課題】Zn-Feめっき鋼板に熱間プレス成形を施して熱間プレス成形部材を製造するに際し、金型へのめっき付着を抑制できる熱間プレス成形品の製造方法および熱間プレス成形品を提供する。【解決手段】本発明に係る熱間プレス成形品の製造方法は、Zn-Fe系のめっき層が素地鋼板の表面に形成された表面処理鋼板１に熱間プレス成形を施して熱間プレス成形品を製造する熱間プレス成形品の製造方法であって、表面処理鋼板１をAc3変態点以上1000℃以下の温度域に加熱した後、表面処理鋼板１をプレス成形する前にその成形部位を金型で挟んで100℃/s以上の冷却速度でめっき層の凝固点以下400℃以上の範囲の温度まで表面処理鋼板１を冷却する冷却工程と、冷却後の表面処理鋼板１をプレス成形するプレス成形工程と、表面処理鋼板１を金型で挟んだまま保持して表面処理鋼板１を焼入れる焼入れ工程とを備えたことを特徴とするものである。【選択図】 図１