ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДЯЩИЕ ПОКРЫТИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ЧАСТИЦЫ ГРАФЕНОВОГО УГЛЕРОДА

Изобретение относится к электропроводящим покрытиям, которые могут быть использованы в электротехнике, электронике и химической промышленности. Композиция электропроводящего покрытия содержит пленкообразующую смолу и 0,1-95 мас.% полученных термическим способом частиц графенового углерода в расчете на общее содержание твердых веществ в комбинации с другим типом графеновых частиц, например полученных из терморасширенного графита. Полученные термическим способом частицы графенового углерода содержат менее 1,5 ат.% кислорода, имеют площадь поверхности по БЭТ менее 300 м/г и среднее аспектное отношение более 3:1. Для получения графеновых частиц термическим способом материал-предшественник, содержащий метан или углеводородный материал, способный образовывать разновидности двухуглеродных фрагментов, вводят в термическую зону с температурой 3500-20000°С, нагревают его и собирают полученные частицы. Пленкообразующая смола содержит эпоксидные смолы, полиакрилаты, полимеры на основе сложных полиэфиров ...

УСТАНОВКА ПАРОФАЗНОГО ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ДИСПЕРСИЙ ОКСИДА ГРАФЕНА

Полезная модель относится к аппаратам химической технологии, а именно аппаратам для восстановления диспергированного оксида графена в объеме пористого или на поверхности не пористого субстрата парами летучего восстановителя. Установка может быть использована в различных областях техники, где требуется создание неметаллических проводящих покрытий на основе углерода, в частности восстановленного оксида графена. Установка содержит нагреваемую реакционную камеру с системой патрубков, в которой размещается смоченный или пропитанный исходным раствором субстрат на подвижной подложке, пары восстановителя переносятся в реакционную камеру потоком инертного газа из испарительной камеры. За счет прогрева стенок камеры предотвращается конденсация паров восстановителя и вымывание конденсатом восстанавливаемой дисперсии, а также стимулируется активный ход реакции восстановления. Излишки паров восстановителя потоком газа уносятся в поглотительную камеру, где происходит их нейтрализация, что делает работу ...

Способ восстановления оксида графена йодом

Изобретение относится к технологии получения графеновых материалов, в частности к способам восстановления оксида графена до графена посредством обработки в среде галогенов. Предложен способ восстановления оксида графена до графена посредством обработки в среде галогенов, включающий стадии получения суспензии оксида графена в растворе йода, формирования пленки восстановленного оксида графена высушиванием суспензии, отличающийся тем, что для приготовления суспензии используют раствор йода в изопропаноле, при этом концентрация йода в изопропаноле составляет от 1 до 10 % масс., и 1%-ную водную суспензию оксида графена, при этом высушивание суспензии на основе оксида графена с йодом заключается в выгрузке суспензии в пластиковые контейнеры и их помещении в вытяжной шкаф на 4 суток при нормальных условиях. Технический результат – предложенный способ позволяет обеспечить получение восстановленного оксида графена с высокой удельной электрической проводимостью. 4 ил., 2 табл., 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СУСПЕНЗИИ НА ОСНОВЕ НАНОКОМПОЗИТА ДИОКСИДА ТИТАНА НА ГРАФЕНОВЫХ ХЛОПЬЯХ

Изобретение может быть использовано при получении добавок для лакокрасочных материалов. Способ получения суспензии на основе нанокомпозита диоксида титана на графеновых хлопьях включает введение в базовую жидкость нанопорошка диоксида титана, который синтезирован распылением в плазме электрического дугового разряда постоянного тока в атмосфере инертного газа композитного электрода с последующим отжигом в кислородсодержащей среде, и воздействие ультразвуковыми колебаниями. Базовая жидкость представляет собой смесь воды и этилового спирта в соотношении 9:1. Композитный электрод представляет собой графитовый стержень, в просверленную полость которого запрессована смесь порошков графита, титана и кремния. Изобретение позволяет придать покрытиям на основе получаемой суспензии высокую антивирусную активность, бактерицидность и свойства самоочищения. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил.

Способ получения композитных наноструктурированных порошков на основе графена и оксидов Al, Ce и Zr

Изобретение относится к нанотехнологии и может быть использовано при изготовлении суперконденсаторов, топливных элементов, электродов литий-ионных батарей, биотопливных ячеек, светоизлучающих диодов, электро- и фотохромных устройств, фотокатализаторов и устройств для хранения водорода. Готовят металлсодержащий золь взаимодействием 0,05 М раствора нитрата алюминия, церия или циркония с ацетилацетоном и N,N-диметилоктиламином. Отдельно из синтетического графита в подкисленной среде сонохимическим методом получают бескислородный графен в эмульсии N,N-диметилоктиламин-вода. При соединении свежеприготовленного металлсодержащего золя, стабилизированного N,N-диметилоктиламином, с суспензией бескислородного графена, стабилизированной также N,N-диметилоктиламинсодержащей эмульсией, происходит взаимодействие фиксированных на поверхности раздела фаз масло-вода листов графена и частиц металлсодержащего золя. Смешанный коллоид перемешивают на магнитной мешалке при подогреве и упаривают при перемешивании ...

ГРАФЕНОВЫЕ МИКРОСФЕРЫ В ВИДЕ КОМКА БУМАГИ, КОМПОЗИТНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ ТАКИХ МИКРОСФЕР И СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ТАКИХ МИКРОСФЕР

Изобретение относится к технологии получения графеновых микросфер в форме комка бумаги, а также композитным материалам из таких микросфер для изготовления армированной керамики, композитных пластмасс и покрытий. Предложенная графеновая микросфера в форме комка бумаги состоит из смятых однослойных графеновых листов и имеет диаметр 500 нм - 5 мкм, плотность 0,2-0,4 г/см, соотношение углерода/кислорода 20-60 и удельную площадь поверхности менее 200 м/г. Такие графеновые микросферы в виде комков бумаги получают путем химического восстановления микросфер оксида графена с целью медленного удаления кислородсодержащих функциональных групп с поверхности оксида графена для предотвращения объемного расширения, обусловленного быстрым удалением групп, что позволяет поддерживать прочную связь между листами графена без разделения; а также путем удаления оставшегося небольшого количества кислородсодержащих функциональных групп и восстановления дефектных структур в листах оксида графена путем высокотемпературной ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГРАФЕНА

A graphene aerogel and preparation method and application thereof

The invention relates to the technical field of aerogel materials, in particular to a graphene aerogel and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a preparation method of graphene aerogel, which comprises the following steps: immersing melamine foam into graphene oxide colloid, and drying it to obtain melamine foam material attached with graphene oxide; And carrying out heat treatment on the melamine foam material attached with graphene oxide to obtain graphene aerogel. According to the invention, cheap melamine foam is used as a structural template, and graphene aerogels with excellent performance are prepared by simple heat treatment; and the whole preparation process is short in time consumption, low in energy consumption, non-toxic and harmless, low in cost, suitable for industrial large-scale production, and has good adsorbability for oils.

A Silicon Dioxide Nanosphere/Graphene Composite Material And Its Preparation Method

Abstract The present invention discloses a silicon dioxide nanosphere/graphene composite material and its preparation method which uses tetraethyl orthosilicate as a silicon source, and then reduces the graphite oxide through high-temperature and hydrothermal reaction in alkaline solution, and thus in-situ synthesizes SiO2 nanosphere/graphene composite material, wherein, the diameter of the SiO2 nanosphere is between 150nm and 250nm. The raw materials used by the present invention are at low cost, and the present invention is easy to operate, consists of few steps, requires simple equipment as well as is feasible for industrialized production. Drawings of Descriptions 26-3° a 43.3° 10.9° b 20 40 60 80 2 Theta/Degree Figure 1 a2D 0 2000 4000 Wavenumber (cm~) Figure 2 ...

Graphene Nanoribbons/Carbon Nanotubes Heterojunction Photoelectric Device

The invention discloses a method for preparing a graphene nanoribbons/carbon nanotubes heterojunction photoelectric device, which belongs to the technical field of photoelectric device preparation. The method includes the following steps: coating a single-walled carbon nanotubes dispersion on FTO conductive glass and performing drying and calcination; the photoelectric device is obtained by depositing TiO2 and transition metal on the single-walled carbon nanotubes, then melting the single-walled carbon nanotubes with the assistance of hydrogen, and then depositing ITO transparent electrodes; the present invention can effectively controlle the degree of melting of single-walled carbon nanotubes, and multiple single-walled graphene nanoribbons/carbon nanotubes can be formed on a single-walled carbon nanotube. Thus, the photo-generated current and photo-generated voltage of the prepared photoelectric device can be greatly improved and correspondingly the sensitivity of the photoelectric device ...

METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND SEPARATION OF ATOMIC LAYER THICKNESS PLATELETS FROM GRAPHITE OR OTHER LAYERED MATERIALS

A method and system of separating graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) from initial graphite raw material is disclosed. The raw material is exfoliated to create a percentage of separated GNPs in a resulting bulk mixture. Agglomerates between the separated graphene nanoplatelets are broken. The mixture is separated into fractions having nanoparticles of different GNP content and size distribution. Each different range of nanoparticles is separated into GNPs and graphite nanopowder via a medium flow process or via electrostatic separation or both.

A METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE FROM KISH GRAPHITE

The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of graphene oxide from Kish graphite comprising the pretreatment of kish graphite and the oxidation of pre-treated kish graphite into graphene oxide, the graphene oxide obtained with at least 45% by weight of oxygen functional groups and the use of the graphene oxide.

GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS DERIVED FROM THERMOMECHANICAL EXFOLIATION OF GRAPHITE

A method of exfoliating layered, shearable material is described. Examples are provided including exfoliation of graphite to form graphene nanoplatelets. Also described is a machine for preparing nanoplatelets that includes a chamber whose volume can be increased by pressure exerted by the exfoliated product. Composites of graphene nanoplatelets and polyamide exhibited improved flexural modulus compared to that of graphite composites while impact strength was unaffected.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE OR GRAPHENE-LIKE MATERIALS

Method for the production of graphene or graphene-like material, comprising the following steps: providing particles of a crystalline graphitic material; dispersing the particles of the crystalline graphitic material in a solvent or surfactant mixture; submitting the mixture to a cavitation force such that cavitation bubbles are present; submitting the mixture to high shear agitation of 2000 to 35000 RPM. The cavitation step and the high shear agitation step are preferably simultaneous, in particular in the same enclosed vessel. Also, device for the production of graphene or graphene-like material, comprising a reactor having an enclosed vessel for receiving a solvent or surfactant mixture with dispersed particles of a crystalline graphitic material, said reactor being arranged for: submitting the mixture in the enclosed vessel to a cavitation force such that cavitation bubbles are present and, simultaneously in the same enclosed vessel, submitting the mixture to high shear agitation of ...

Production system for preparing graphene by utilizing low-layer-number graphene oxide

Tone-adjustable nanometer grade sound wave generator

Method for preparing nano carbon material through catalytic conversion of solid carbon material

Amine/amino functionalized graphene and preparation method thereof

Preparation method for superlight graphene microsphere for solar absorption

Platinum/graphene paper nano composite electrode material used for detecting hydrogen peroxide and preparation method thereof

Preparation method of graphene-based carbon composite lithium ion battery cathode material

The continuous production method of graphene aerogel microspheres

Production facility of graphite alkene

A graphene nano roll the preparation apparatus of the

With stirring and adjusting the temperature function of the graphene production equipment

Riser formula microwave heating furnace

Preparation method of reduced graphene oxide/carbon material coated lithium iron phosphate material

Multi-wall carbon nanotube/graphene aerogel and method for detecting organophosphorus pesticide thereof

Production system for preparing graphene by using low-layer graphene oxide

Production method and applications of graphene paper

A graphene modified corn straw stalk core composite electromagnetic shielding film and its preparation method

Preparation method of low-expansion thermally-reduced graphene oxide

Production method of graphene thin film

3 D Graphene

Graphene powder with three-dimensional structure and preparation method thereof

Preparation method of graphene-coated carbon nano tube and MOF three-dimensional composite electrode material

Graphene quantum dot manufacturing method

Graphene spherical assembly and preparation method thereof

Preparation method of Co-Mn alloy oxide-sulfur and nitrogen co-doped graphene nanometer composite material

Preparing method of three-dimensional graded structure graphene compound tin oxide nanosheet gas-sensitive material

Industrial preparation method of large-sized graphene

A graphene aerogel material and its preparation method

[...] quantum dot - graphite the alkene accepts m sheet three-dimensional composite material preparation method

A conductive graphene and its preparation method

Self-supporting the transparent conductive graphene thin film preparation method

A method of synthesizing doped graphite alkene

Preparation method of large-diameter graphene sheet

A process for preparing block graphene aerogel method

Chemical reaction method of synthesizing graphene thin film

A preparation can be controlled through the chemical bond connection method for mesh three-dimensional graphene

Graphene material processing device

Method for preparing graphene and polyoxometalate composite through electrochemical reduction

A graphene-ZnO nanoparticles preparation method of composite material

Method for in-situ self-assembled graphite oxide preparation method

Method for preparing graphene quantum dots from sugar precursor at low temperature

Method and device for easily separating and generating graphene

The invention discloses a method and a device for easily separating and generating graphene. The graphene is prepared on the basis of a direct-current arc plasma discharge method. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a carbon source gas with a nano-catalyst, spraying the mixture into a magnetically enhanced plasma reaction cavity through a Venturi jet device, dispersing the nano-catalyst into airflow, and taking nano-catalyst particles as nucleation sites for graphene growth to obtain vertically oriented graphene. Rapidly cooling the rear end of the reactor and adding a magnetic field to weaken the binding force between the catalyst and the graphene, thereby facilitating ultrasonic treatment and purifying and collecting the product graphene; according to the method disclosed by the invention, relatively pure graphene nanobelts can be produced and can be easily removed from the catalyst, and the catalyst can be recycled, so that a scheme is provided for large-scale continuous ...

Boron nitride surface-coated single-layer ordered mesoporous graphene material, and preparation method and application thereof

The invention discloses a material with a boron nitride surface coated with single-layer ordered mesoporous graphene. The specific surface area of the material is 300-500 m < 2 >/g, and the porosity is 0.8-1.4 cm < 3 >/g. The mass ratio of the boron nitride to the graphene is (1: 1)-(1: 3); the ordered mesoporous graphene is of a single-layer hexagonal or square arrangement structure; and the aperture of the mesopores is 5-18 nm. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the boron nitride surface-coated single-layer ordered mesoporous graphene material and application of the boron nitride surface-coated single-layer ordered mesoporous graphene material in inhibition of growth of lithium dendrites in a lithium ion battery.

Carbon-based composite material

섬유상 탄소 나노 구조체의 제조 방법

... 본 발명의 섬유상 탄소 나노 구조체의 제조 방법은 유동상법을 이용하여, 입자상의 담체와 당해 담체의 표면에 담지된 촉매를 갖는 촉매 담지체가 유동하고 있는 반응장에 대해 원료 가스를 공급함으로써, 상기 촉매 담지체가 갖는 촉매 상에 섬유상 탄소 나노 구조체를 생성하는 공정을 갖고, 상기 원료 가스는 이중 결합 함유 탄화수소 및 이산화탄소를 포함하며, 상기 이산화탄소의 함유 비율이 상기 원료 가스의 전체 체적에 대해 0.3 체적% 이상이다.

GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS DERIVED FROM THERMOMECHANICAL EXFOLIATION OF GRAPHITE

A method of exfoliating layered, shearable material is described. Examples are provided including exfoliation of graphite to form graphene nanoplatelets. Also described is a machine for preparing nanoplatelets that includes a chamber whose volume can be increased by pressure exerted by the exfoliated product. Composites of graphene nanoplatelets and polyamide exhibited improved flexural modulus compared to that of graphite composites while impact strength was unaffected.

HIGHLY ORIENTED HUMIC ACID FILMS AND HIGHLY CONDUCTING GRAPHITIC FILMS DERIVED THEREFROM AND DEVICES CONTAINING SAME

A highly oriented humic acid film, comprising multiple humic acid (HA) or chemically functionalized humic acid (CHA) sheets that are chemically bonded or merged and are substantially parallel to one another, wherein the film has a thickness from 5 nm to 500 μm, a physical density no less than 1.3 g/cm3?, hexagonal carbon planes with an inter-planar spacing d?002#191 of 0.4 nm to 1.3 nm as determined by X-ray diffraction, and a non-carbon element content or oxygen content lower than 5 % by weigh.

PREPARATION METHOD FOR RGO/AG COMPOSITE NANO MATERIAL

A new method for synthesizing a silver-coated graphene (RGO/Ag) composite nanomaterial, characterized in that aminosilane and glutaraldehyde are used to functionalize the surface of a graphene material, and in an alcohol-water system, the functionalized graphene material reacts with a silver ammonia solution on the basis of in-situ reduction and autocatalysis principles to form a composite material. The present method does not require product purification, is fast and intuitive, and is a new synthesizing method that has simple operations, a fast speed and high yield. The prepared highly dispersed RGO/Ag composite nanomaterial has good dispersibility. The conductive silver paste prepared thereby can reduce the amount of silver powder used by 50-70%, which greatly saves costs while maintaining conductive efficiency. In addition, the RGO/Ag composite nanomaterial synthesizing method is clean, environmentally friendly, and suitable for widespread application.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS IN A SINGLE REACTOR USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to a process for the production of nanocomposite materials, comprising: producing in a reactor (1) of variable geometry a volume (3) of microwave plasma of decreasing energetic density, wherein the volume of plasma comprises two parts (19, 20); introducing into said part (19) a first stream formed by a mixture of at least one inert gas and of at least one precursor of two-dimensional nanostructure and moving said first stream along the volume (3) of plasma into part (20); the process further comprises introducing into part (20) a second stream formed by a mixture of at least one inert gas and of at least one precursor of doping component, and introducing a third stream formed by a mixture of at least one inert gas and of at least a type of nanoparticle; mixing the three streams within part (20) and moving this mixture out of part (20) towards an outlet (2) of the reactor (1) where the formed nanocomposites are collected.

A METHOD IN ORDER TO GENERATE GRAPHENE BASED ELECTRODE

The invention is relevant to method of generation of a graphene based electrode in which the graphite electrode is transformed at a single step to graphene electrode whose number of layers and structure is controllable due to completion of a complete cycle by progressing to a predetermined positive potential value as starting from a predetermined negative potential value and by returning from such positive value to the negative starting potential value in subject.

MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE CARBON NANOTUBE AND GRAPHENE COMPOSITE CPU HEAT DISSIPATION MATERIAL

Disclosed in the present invention are a three-dimensional structure carbon nanotube and graphene composite CPU heat dissipation material and a manufacturing method therefor. The material is prepared from 5.5-8 parts by total weight of final graphene dispersion liquid integrating 1.7-1.9 parts by weight of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with the specifications of 2-4 nm of inner diameter, 6-10 nm of outer diameter, and 2-10 μm of length by spraying, drying, and treating under GN/M=30-35 for irradiation time of 1 ms to obtain a dense film layer having a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed and stereoscopically dispersed in a graphene matrix, the water contact angle of the film layer is 118-123 degrees, and the heat conductivity of the film layer is 4000-5500 W/m·K. In the present invention, existing heat dissipation materials do not need to be replaced, the overall heat dissipation efficiency can be improved, aging resistance and hydrophobicity are achieved, and the application range is ...

Production of graphitic films directly from highly aromatic molecules

Provided is a method of producing a graphitic film, comprising: (a) providing a suspension of aromatic molecules selected from petroleum heavy oil or pitch, coal tar pitch, a polynuclear hydrocarbon, a halogenated variant thereof, or a combination thereof, dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium; (b) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer of aromatic molecules, wherein the procedure includes subjecting the suspension to an orientation-inducing stress or strain; (c) partially or completely removing the liquid medium; and (d) heat treating the resulting dried layer at a first temperature selected from 25° C. to 3,200° C. so that the aromatic molecules are merged or fused into larger aromatic molecules to form the graphitic film having graphene domains or graphite crystals, wherein the larger aromatic molecules or graphene planes in the graphene domains or graphite crystals are substantially parallel to each other.

Method for preparing large graphene sheets in large scale

A method for preparing large graphene sheets in large scale includes steps of: under a mild condition, processing graphite powders with intercalation through an acid and an oxidant; washing away metal ions and inorganic ions in the graphite powders with dilute hydrochloric acid, then filtering and drying; and, finally processing with a heat treatment. The present invention breaks through a series of bottlenecks restricting an efficient preparation of graphene that result from a traditional method of using large amounts of deionized water to wash graphite oxide to be neutral, and easily realizes a batch production. A radial scale of the prepared graphene sheets is distributed from 20 um to 200 um.

A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A GRAPHENE/GRAPHEHE OXIDE LAYER AND A GRAPHENE/GRAPHEHE OXIDE-COATED SUPPORT

There is provided a method of manufacturing a graphene/graphene oxide layer comprising the steps of: providing a suspension of graphene/graphene oxide in a suspension liquid, applying the suspension on a support, heating the suspension and the support to evaporate liquid to form a layer of graphene/graphene oxide on the support, subjecting the graphene/graphene oxide layer and the support to pressure, and subjecting the graphene/graphene oxide layer to annealing process.

Method for directly growing ultrathin porous graphene separation membrane

The invention, belonging to the field of membrane technology, presents a method for the direct growth of ultrathin porous graphene separation membranes. Etching agent, organic solvent and polymer are coated on metal foil, and then they are calcined at high temperature in absence of oxygen; after removal of metal substrate and reaction products, single-layered or multi-layered porous graphene membranes are obtained. Alternatively, the dispersion or solution of etching agent is coated on metal foil, on which a polymer film is then overlaid. The obtained sample is subsequently calcined at high temperature in absence of oxygen; after removal of metal substrate and reaction products, single-layered or multi-layered porous graphene membranes are obtained. The method involved in this invention is simple and highly efficient, and allows direct growth of ultrathin porous graphene separation membranes, without needing expensive apparatuses, chemicals and graphene raw material. Additionally, the graphene ...

FLEXIBLE GRAPHENE FILM AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR

The present invention discloses a flexible graphene film and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes steps of placing a liquid graphene oxide film in a poor solvent, performing gelation, and drying a graphene oxide gel film. The graphene film has an excellent flexibility,a crystallinity of lower than 60% and an elongation at break of 15-50%, wherein no crease is remained after the flexible graphene film is repeatedly folded more than 100,000 times. The preparation method of the graphene film provided by the present invention controls the macroscopic properties of the graphene film by microscopically controlling the morphology of the graphene monolith, and can significantly improve the flexibility of the graphene film. It can significantly improve the flexibility of the graphene film. The process is simple and easy to be popularized, and has potential applications in flexible electronic devices and the like.

BARRIER-COATED CELLULOSEBASED SUBSTRATE, LAMINATED PACKAGING MATERIAL AND PACKAGING CONTAINER COMPRISING THE CELLULOSEBASED SUBSTRATE

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a gas-barrier coated substrate material (10a; 10b), coated with a layer of reduced graphene oxide. The invention further relates to laminated packaging materials (20a; 20b) comprising the barrier-coated substrate material (10a; 10b), in particular intended for liquid carton food packaging, and to liquid carton packaging containers comprising the laminated packaging material.

Способ синтеза металл-графеновых нанокомпозитов

Изобретение относится к нанотехнологии и может быть использовано в авиационной, космической и электротехнической промышленности. Алюминий, магний или алюмо-магниевый сплав, содержащий, мас.%: алюминий 99,9-0,1; магний 0,1-99,9, расплавляют в расплаве галогенидов щелочных и/или щелочноземельных металлов, содержащем 0,1 - 20 мас.% углеродсодержащей добавки из ряда, включающего карбиды металлов или неметаллов либо твердые органические вещества, такие как углеводороды, углеводы, карбоновые кислоты, в течение 1-5 ч при температуре 700-750°C. Затем медленно охлаждают со скоростью не более 1 град/мин. Изобретение обеспечивает снижение температуры процесса. Полученный металл-графеновый нанокомпозит имеет пониженную плотность и повышенные твердость, прочность, модуль эластичности и относительное удлинение. 6 ил., 3 пр.

Способ формирования электропроводящих слоев и структур различной конфигурации из чешуек восстановленного оксида графена (мультиграфена)

Изобретение относится к способу формирования электропроводящих слоев и структур различной конфигурации. Способ включает получение суспензии оксида графена путем электрохимического расслоения графита в водном растворе электролита, нанесение, сушку и восстановление до графена тонких слоев и структур на подложке. Способ характеризуется тем, что в качестве электролита используют сульфат аммония с концентрацией 0,15 М, в качестве электрода - графит марки ЭСА-16, при этом нанесение слоев на подложку выполняют путем распыления суспензии в виде микроскопических капель, а восстановление чешуек слабо окисленного графена осуществляют посредством облучения лазерным излучением с длиной волны 474 нм и мощностью 750-810 мВт. Технический результат заключается в получении электропроводящих тонких пленок и структур на основе восстановленного оксида графена с низким удельным электрическим сопротивлением, любой сложной конфигурацией и заданной толщиной. 4 ил.

СПОСОБ ПРЯМОГО СИНТЕЗА АЗОТИРОВАННЫХ ГРАФЕНОВЫХ ПЛАСТИН

Изобретение может быть использовано в топливных элементах, литий-ионных батареях, суперконденсаторах, электросорбционных установках очистных сооружений. Углеводород из ряда (CH), например метан, используемый в качестве источника углерода, подают в термическую плазму предварительно смешанным с азотом в массовых соотношениях от 1:10 до 1:5 и обрабатывают в термической плазме, формируемой в плазмотроне, при пониженном давлении 300-700 Торр. Полученную парогазовую смесь на выходе из плазмотрона резко охлаждают до 300-600°С. Изобретение позволяет получить допированные азотом графеновые пластины, содержащие 80-92 ат.% углерода, без использования подложек и сложного оборудования. 2 ил., 7 пр.

ГРАФЕНСОДЕРЖАЩЕЕ ВИСКОЗНОЕ ВОЛОКНО И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к химической технологии волокнистых материалов и касается графенсодержащего вискозного волокна и способа его получения. Способ получения включает введение графена в вискозу перед прядением, причем графен представляет собой неокисленный графен и состоит не более чем из 10 слоев. Вискозное волокно, полученное в соответствии с настоящим изобретением, обладает хорошими излучательными характеристиками в дальнем ИК-диапазоне и антибактериальными свойствами. 2 н. и 6 з.п. ф-лы, 5 пр.

Способ получения наноструктурированных композитов на основе бескислородного графена и оксидов алюминия или церия

Изобретение относится к химической, космической, военной и медицинской отраслям промышленности и может быть использовано при изготовлении электродов литий-ионных аккумуляторов, электропроводящих и антикоррозионных (нано)покрытий, устройств для хранения данных, гибких преобразователей энергии, суперконденсаторов, транзисторов, (фото)катализаторов, солнечных элементов, сенсорных материалов, топливных элементов и электрохромных устройств, а также материалов медико-биологического назначения. Получают суспензию бескислородного графена сонохимическим методом из синтетического графита в изопропаноле или подкисленной смеси N,N-диметилоктиламин-вода. Отдельно готовят суспензию нанокристаллического оксида алюминия или церия. После этого смешивают полученную суспензию бескислородного графена и оксида одного из указанных металлов. Взаимодействие суспензий проводят при 85-90°С в колбе с дефлегматором, который затем удаляют. Полученный коллоид упаривают при 95-98°С и подвергают термообработке при 400 ...

АЛЮМИНИЕВО-ГРАФЕНОВЫЙ АНОД ДЛЯ ПЕРЕЗАРЯЖАЕМОГО ИСТОЧНИКА ТОКА И ПЕРЕЗАРЯЖАЕМЫЙ ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ ИСТОЧНИК ТОКА С АЛЮМИНИЙ-ГРАФЕНОВЫМ АНОДОМ

Способ получения графена, пленок и покрытий из графена

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ГОФРИРОВАННЫХ ПЛЕНОК ИЗ УГЛЕРОДНЫХ НАНОЧАСТИЦ

Полезная модель относится к лабораторным установкам по выращиванию функциональных наноструктурированных графеновых пленок на границе раздела двух жидкостей. Область применения - это поисковые работы по подбору геометрии пленки, ее состава, результаты могут быть применены при разработке устройств типа «лаборатория на чипе» или микроэлектроники, в системах жидкостного охлаждения. Задачей полезной модели является возможность управления геометрией функциональной пленки, состоящей из графеновых наночастиц и подложки (например, парафина), получаемой на границе раздела сред. Технический результат достигается тем, что устройство, состоящее из герметичной камеры, оснащенной электронным термостатом, кюветы, на дне которой расположен нагреватель, координатного столика, шагового двигателя, за счет системы управления колебаниями столика изменяет управляющие параметры (скорость, угол наклона и частота) геометрии пленки.

Способ получения наноструктурированного порошкового композита на основе графена и диоксида циркония с использованием уротропина

Изобретение относится к созданию наноструктурированных порошков для получения мелкозернистых керамических материалов. Способ получения наноструктурированного порошкового композита на основе графена и диоксида циркония с использованием уротропина, включает использование раствора уротропина в изопропаноле для формирования и стабилизации Zr-содержащего золя. На стадии взаимодействия этого золя и суспензии бескислородного графена в водно-спиртовой смеси частицы золя изолированно распределяются между листами графена, где происходит золь-гель переход при температуре 85-95°С. После чего коллоид подвергается упариванию при 95-98°С и прокаливанию при 500°С, приводящему к завершению формирования композита. Техническим результатом является формирование композитов в виде наноструктурированных порошков, состоящих из кристаллитов ZrO2 и 2D-листов графена. 9 ил., 2 табл., 3 пр.

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES HALBLEITERBAUELEMENTS

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Halbleiterbauelements (100), umfassend: - Bilden einer Graphenschicht (30) an einer ersten Seite (11, 21) eines Siliciumcarbidsubstrats (10, 20), das zumindest in der Nähe der ersten Seite (11, 21) eine erste Defektdichte von höchstens 5*102/cm2 aufweist; - Anbringen einer Akzeptorschicht (40) an der Graphenschicht (30) zum Bilden eines Waferstapels (124), wobei die Akzeptorschicht (40) Siliciumcarbid mit einer zweiten Defektdichte aufweist, die höher ist als die erste Defektdichte; - Spalten des Waferstapels (124) entlang einer Spaltfläche (23) in dem Siliciumcarbidsubstrat (10, 20) zum Bilden eines Bauelementwafers (432), der die Graphenschicht (30) und eine an der Graphenschicht (30) angeordnete Siliciumcarbidspaltschicht (20') aufweist; - Bilden einer epitaktischen Siliziumcarbidschicht (50), die sich zu einer Oberseite (52) des Bauelementwafers (432) erstreckt, auf der Siliziumcarbidspaltschicht (20'); - Weiterbearbeiten des Bauelementwafers (124) an ...

Structure and method of making graphene nanoribbons

Flaking method and apparatus for monomolecular layers

A METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE FROM ELECTRODE GRAPHITE SCRAP

The present invention relates to a method for the manufacture of graphene oxide from electrode graphite scrap comprising the provision of electrode graphite scrap, the grinding of electrode graphite scrap to obtain grinded graphite electrode and an oxidation step of the grinded graphite electrode to obtain graphene oxide.

FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHITIC MATERIALS

One or more techniques are disclosed for a method of functionalizing graphitic material, comprising the steps of: 1) providing a graphitic material; 2) cutting the graphitic material; 3) providing a catalyst comprising at least one catalyst of a metal atom, metal cation, metal alcoholates, metal alkanoates, metal sulfonates, and metal powder; 4) providing a reagent; 5) binding the catalyst to the reagent; 6) binding the reagent to the graphitic material; and 7) recovering the catalyst. Also disclosed is a composition prepared from the methods described herein.

METHOD OF PRODUCING GRAFENOVYKh MATERIALS

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГРАФЕНОВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Способ получения сухого графенсодержащего (графенового) материала, включающий: электролитическое восстановление твердого оксида переходного металла до переходного металла в электролитической ячейке с использованием углеродного анода и расплавленного солевого электролита, причем электролит содержит по меньшей мере 95 мас.% хлорида кальция и 0,5-5% оксида кальция, а электролитическое восстановление осуществляют при температуре 900-1000°С. Способ отличается тем, что дополнительно содержит извлечение графенового материала из электролитической ячейки после упомянутого электролитического восстановления твердого оксида переходного металла; очистку графенового материала в одну или более стадий, выбранных из центрифугирования, намывки, отделения растворителем и межфазного разделения; сушку графенового материала с получением сухого графенового материала. Предлагается также графенсодержащий материал, получаемый способом по изобретению.

Preparation of nitrogen-doped nanosheet layer or load Fe

Preparation method and display panel of graphene film and graphene material

Graphene aerogel working electrode material, preparation method thereof, graphene aerogel working electrode and preparation method and application thereof

Preparation method of fluorinated graphene material

Method for biologically synthesizing 3D graphene/nano-Pd macroscopic bulk phase material

A PROCESS, A STRUCTURE, AND A SUPERCAPACITOR

Method for synthesizing sulfur phosphor doped graphene preparation of quantum dot method

A preparing method of a composite nanometer carbon material

Preparation method of iron-containing graphene oxide for aviation

Graphene preparation process on the basis of dry ice

LASER-INDUCED GRAPHENE (LIG) AND LASER INDUCED GRAPHENE SCROLLS (LIGS) MATERIALS

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) and laser-induced graphene scrolls (LIGS) materials and, more particularly to LIGS, methods of making LIGS (such as from polyimide (PI)), laser-induced removal of LIG and LIGS, and 3D printing of LIG and LIGS using a laminated object manufacturing (LOM) process. 1. A method comprising exposing a graphene precursor material to a laser source to form laser-induced graphene scrolls (LIGS) material , wherein the LIGS material is derived from the graphene precursor material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene precursor material comprises a polymer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer is selected from a group consisting of polymer films claim 2 , polymer fibers claim 2 , polymer monoliths claim 2 , polymer powders claim 2 , polymer blocks claim 2 , optically transparent polymers claim 2 , homopolymers claim 2 , vinyl polymers claim 2 , chain-growth polymers claim 2 , step-growth polymers claim 2 , condensation polymers claim 2 , random polymers claim 2 , ladder polymers claim 2 , semi-ladder polymers claim 2 , block co-polymers claim 2 , carbonized polymers claim 2 , aromatic polymers claim 2 , cyclic polymers claim 2 , doped polymers claim 2 , polyimide (PI) claim 2 , polyetherimide (PEI) claim 2 , polyether ether ketone (PEEK) claim 2 , polyamide (PA) claim 2 , polybenzoxazole (PBO) claim 2 , polyaramids claim 2 , and polymer composites and combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer comprises polyimide.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein(a) the step of exposing comprises tuning one or more parameters of the laser source; and(b) the tuning of the one or more parameters of the laser source comprises modifying the laser wavelength so that the laser wavelength is at an absorption band of the graphene precursor material.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein(a) the step of exposing comprises tuning one or more parameters of the laser source; and(b) the one or more parameters of the laser ...

Graphene coated particles, their method of manufacture, and use

Disclosed is a composition of matter comprising a biologically active substance bound to a graphene-coated dielectric-core particle, and methods for making and using the same. 1. A graphene coated particle comprising an inert core , on which sits a graphene coating , which graphene coating has negatively charged or basic groups on its outer surface.2. The composition according to additionally comprising metal ions bound to the negatively charged or basic groups.3. The composition according to additionally comprising a polypeptide bound to the metal ions. This application is a Divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/932,667 (currently pending), which is the national phase application of PCT application PCT/US/2017/000014, Filed 15 Feb. 2017, which claims priority to provisional application 62/296,537, filed 17 Feb. 2016, all of whose contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.The following inventive concepts relate to particles coated with graphene having chemical groups attached, their manufacture, and use.Graphene is a form of carbon characterized by a flat hexagonal aromatic lattice of carbon atoms. Graphene, applied to a substrate in a single layer or sheet, is seeing increasing scientific use a basic material in industrial production and scientific research, due to its interesting electrical and physical properties. However, there are limits to its current use. Primarily, it is difficult to both apply chemical and electrical functionalities to bulk graphene and have that “activated” graphene attached to a usable substrate for distribution. Therefore, a need exists to provide mechanisms to create and distribute such particles.Further, delivering biologically active substances to targets is an ever-present problem in the pharmaceutical, herbicide, pesticide, fertilizers, fungicide, and water treatment industries, amongst others. Therefore, a solution to this problem is also sought.Embodiments of the present invention may provide for a graphene ...

Method for fabricating nanopillar solar cell using graphene

A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes providing a substrate structure. The substrate structure includes a conductive layer and a plurality of nanopillars spaced apart from each other overlying the conductive layer. Each nanopillar includes a first semiconductor layer and a second semiconductor layer on the first semiconductor layer. The first semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer have different conductivity types. The method also includes forming a graphene layer overlying the plurality of nanopillars. The graphene layer is connected to each of the plurality of nanopillars.

NANOPOROUS GRAPHENE NANOWIRES AND PRODUCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF SAME

A material of porous graphene nanowires with a pore-rich structure is formed by synthesis of catalyst nanowires for porous graphene nanowires, chemical vapor deposition of a carbon source on the catalysts to grow graphene, removal of residual catalyst, and formation of the porous graphene nanowires. The porous graphene nanowires can be used as an electrochemical energy storage material, carriers of catalysts, a conductive material, an adsorption material, a desorption material, or the like. 1. A material , comprising nanoporous graphene nanowires , wherein the nanoporous graphene nanowires are formed by:dissolving a magnesium compound into water to form a solution having a concentration of magnesium ions in a range of about 0.005-10.0 mol/L, and treating the solution to obtain catalysts;calcining the catalysts at a temperature in a range of about 100-800° C. to form porous catalyst nanowires;introducing a carbon source to a reactor containing the porous catalyst nanowires at a temperature in a range of about 400-1500° C. to grow graphene on the porous catalyst nanowires, thereby forming a composite thereof; andobtaining the porous graphene nanowires from the formed composite.2. The material according to the claim 1 , wherein the porous graphene nanowires have fiber morphology claim 1 , with lengths in a range of about 0.5 μm to about 2 mm claim 1 , and diameters in a range of about 10 nm to about 15 μm.3. The material according to the claim 1 , wherein the porous graphene nanowires have a pore-rich structure claim 1 , with a specific surface area in a range of about 1000-3000 m/g.4. The material according to the claim 1 , wherein the catalysts have nanowire morphology claim 1 , with lengths in a range of about 0.5 μm to about 2 mm and diameters in a range of about 10 nm to about 15 μm.5. The material according to the claim 1 , wherein the magnesium compound comprises magnesium oxide claim 1 , magnesium hydroxide claim 1 , magnesium chloride claim 1 , magnesium ...

GRAPHENE FROM FLY ASH

Methods of forming graphene may include reacting a dispersed mixture, comprising fly ash, a charged heteroaromatic compound, particularly a pyridinium compound, such as a 1-(4-pyridyl)-pyridinium salt, and a solvent, particularly an alcohol, such as ethanol, with a polymeric oxidizing agent, preferably polymer-supported pyridinium chlorochromate, to form a second mixture; and contacting the second mixture at a temperature of 120 to 180° C. with a gas stream comprising at least 0.1 vol. % CHand at least 10 vol. % Hto form graphene on the fly ash. Methods of managing waste may comprise using fly ash waste to produce graphene. Devices for implementing such methods may involve steel cylindrical reaction vessels including a cover through which a valve-stoppable pipe is fed, which reaction vessel is at least partially surrounded by a heating device, and suitable for handling solvent and fly ash, as well as for receiving gas inflow through the pipe. 1. A method for forming graphene , the method comprising:reacting a dispersed mixture, comprising fly ash, a charged heteroaromatic compound, and a solvent, with a polymer-supported oxidizing agent to form a second mixture; and{'sub': 4', '2, 'contacting the second mixture at a temperature of 120 to 180° C. with a gas stream comprising at least 0.1 vol. % CHand/or at least 10 vol. % Hto form graphene on the fly ash.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting occurs at a temperature in a range of from 10 to 50° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reacting occurs for a duration in a range of from 15 to 180 minutes.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fly ash and the charged aromatic compound are used in the reacting in a relative weight ratio in a range of from 1:1.5 to 1:3.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises at least 90 wt. % of an alcohol claim 1 , based on total solvent weight.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the charged heteroaromatic compound comprises pyrylium and/or charged N- ...

Method of Manufacturing Graphene Using Photoreduction

The present disclosure is directed to a low temperature method of preparing graphene. The method comprises applying a graphene oxide to a substrate and treating the graphene oxide on the substrate using photoreduction to reduce and stitch the graphene oxide to graphene. The present disclosure is also directed to graphene produced according to the aforementioned method. 1. A method for preparing graphene , the method comprising:applying a graphene oxide to a substrate, andtreating the graphene oxide on the substrate using photoreduction to reduce and stitch the graphene oxide to graphene.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a source for the photoreduction is a UV light source.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a source for the photoreduction is an Xe bulb.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is performed at a temperature of 175° C. or less5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is conducted at a temperature of 40° C. or less.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is conducted at ambient pressure.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the treating step is conducted in the presence of air.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a metal substrate.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises copper.10. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises nickel.11. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises stainless steel.12. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metal substrate comprises iron claim 8 , gold claim 8 , aluminum claim 8 , silver claim 8 , platinum claim 8 , an alloy thereof claim 8 , etc.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide is applied as a dispersion including water.14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene oxide is a reduced graphene oxide.15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the graphene ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR GRAPHENE FORMATION

A method of forming graphene includes placing a substrate in a processing chamber and introducing a cleaning gas including hydrogen and nitrogen into the processing chamber. The method also includes introducing a carbon source into the processing chamber and initiating a microwave plasma in the processing chamber. The method further includes subjecting the substrate to a flow of the cleaning gas and the carbon source for a predetermined period of time to form the graphene. 1. A method of forming graphene , the method comprising:placing a substrate in a processing chamber;introducing a cleaning gas including hydrogen and nitrogen into the processing chamber;introducing a carbon source into the processing chamber;initiating a microwave plasma in the processing chamber; andsubjecting the substrate to a flow of the cleaning gas and the carbon source for a predetermined period of time at a maximum temperature of 425° C. to form the graphene.2. The method of wherein the graphene comprises a single monolayer.3. The method of wherein the graphene is characterized by an area measured in a unit of length squared and a height variation measured in the unit of length such that a ratio of the height variation to the area is less than 10% per unit of length.4. The method of wherein the ratio is less than 1% per unit of length.5. The method of wherein introducing the cleaning gas including hydrogen and nitrogen into the processing chamber and introducing the carbon source into the processing chamber are performed concurrently.6. The method of wherein the carbon source comprises methane.7. The method of wherein initiating the microwave plasma in the processing chamber comprises forming atomic hydrogen and cyano radicals in the processing chamber.8. The method of wherein the substrate comprises a copper substrate claim 7 , the method further comprising at least one of etching or smoothing the copper substrate.9. The method of wherein the copper substrate comprises a single crystal ...

METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR DEPOLYMERIZATION OF CURED EPOXY RESIN MATERIALS

A cured epoxy resin material is depolymerized by using a composition including a compound represented by the chemical formula of XOY(wherein X is hydrogen, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, Y is halogen, m is a number satisfying 1≤m≤8 and n is a number satisfying 1≤n≤6), and a reaction solvent, wherein X is capable of being dissociated from XOYand Y radical is capable of being produced from XOYin the reaction solvent. It is possible to carry out depolymerization of a cured epoxy resin material, for example, at a temperature of 200° C., specifically 100° C. or lower, and to reduce processing cost and energy requirement. It is also possible to substitute for a reaction system using an organic solvent as main solvent, so that the contamination problems caused by the organic solvent functioning as separate contamination source may be solved and environmental contamination or pollution may be minimized. 1. A method for depolymerization of a cured epoxy resin material , comprising:depolymerizing a cured epoxy resin material by using a composition for depolymerization of a cured epoxy resin material,{'sub': m', 'n', 'm', 'n', 'm', 'n, 'the composition comprising a compound represented by a chemical formula of XOYwherein X is hydrogen, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, Y is halogen, m is a number satisfying 1≤m≤8 and n is a number satisfying 1≤n≤6; and a reaction solvent; wherein X is capable of being dissociated from XOYand Y radical is capable of being produced from XOYin the reaction solvent.'}2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction solvent has a dielectric constant of at least about 65 or at least about 70 or at least about 75 or at least about 80.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction solvent is a HO-based reaction solvent that comprises HO and has a dielectric constant of at least 65 or at least 70 or at least 75 or at least 80.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the composition for depolymerization is an aqueous ...

GRAPHENE FOAM LAMINATE-BASED SEALING MATERIALS

Provided is a graphene foam laminate for use as a sealing material, comprising: (a) a layer of graphene foam having a thickness from 100 nm to 10 cm and comprising pores and pore walls having a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or graphene sheets; and (b) a permeation-resistant polymer layer disposed on a primary surface of the graphene foam to form a two-layer laminate or two permeation-resistant polymer layers disposed on the two primary surfaces of the graphene foam to form a three-layer sandwich laminate, wherein the permeation-resistant polymer layer has a thickness from 10 nm to 1 cm. 1. A graphene foam laminate , said laminate comprising: (a) a layer of graphene foam having a thickness from 100 nm to 10 cm and comprising pores and pore walls having a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes or graphene sheets; and (b) a permeation-resistant polymer layer disposed on a primary surface of the graphene foam to form a two-layer laminate or two permeation-resistant polymer layers disposed on the two primary surfaces of the graphene foam to form a three-layer sandwich laminate , wherein said permeation-resistant polymer layer has a thickness from 10 nm to 1 cm.2. The graphene foam laminate of claim 1 , wherein said graphene sheets are selected from the group consisting of pristine graphene claim 1 , graphene oxide claim 1 , reduced graphene oxide claim 1 , graphene fluoride claim 1 , graphene chloride claim 1 , graphene bromide claim 1 , graphene iodide claim 1 , hydrogenated graphene claim 1 , nitrogenated graphene claim 1 , chemically functionalized graphene claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The graphene foam laminate of claim 1 , wherein said graphene foam has a density from 0.01 to 1.7 g/cmor a specific surface area from 50 to 2 claim 1 ,600 m/g.4. The graphene foam laminate of claim 1 , wherein said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing dfrom 0.3354 nm to 0.36 nm and a content of non-carbon elements less ...

Manufacturing method for graphene film and display panel

The present application discloses a manufacturing method for a graphene film, a manufacturing method for a graphene material and a display panel. The manufacturing method for the graphene film includes steps of: obtaining a graphene oxide dispersion; reducing the graphene oxide dispersion to a graphene material by an electrochemical deposition method; preparing the graphene material into the graphene film.

Photoluminescent nano composite material and method of fabricating the same

Provided is a photoluminescent nano composite material including a plurality of silicon oxide clusters and a plurality of carbon nanostructures. The carbon nanostructures are embedded in the silicon oxide clusters, wherein the carbon nanostructures generate an emitted light upon irradiation of an excitation light source.

Method for Manufacturing Graphene Composite Film

A method for manufacturing a graphene composite film includes preparing a zeolite suspension containing zeolite nanocrystals with a concentration of 50-100 ppm and with a particle size of 50-80 nm. The zeolite suspension has a pH value of 11-13. A graphene oxide suspension containing graphene oxide with a concentration of 50-200 ppm is mixed with the zeolite suspension to form a composite solution. The composite solution is transferred into a 15° C. water bath when a color of the composite solution turns from brownish-yellow into deep brown. A surfactant is added into the composite solution in the 15° C. water bath. The composite solution is then sonicated for 5-30 minutes and removed out of the 15° C. water bath, with the color of the composite solution turning from deep brown into black. The composite solution is further processed to form a graphene composite film having not more than 5 layers. 1. A method for manufacturing a graphene composite film , comprising:(a) preparing a zeolite suspension containing zeolite nanocrystals with a concentration of 50-100 ppm, wherein a particle size of the zeolite nanocrystals is 50-80 nm, and wherein the zeolite suspension has a pH value of 11-13;(b) preparing a graphene oxide suspension containing graphene oxide with a concentration of 50-200 ppm;(c) mixing the graphene oxide suspension with the zeolite suspension according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to 9:1 to form a composite solution and transferring the composite solution into a 15° C. water bath when a color of the composite solution turns from brownish-yellow into deep brown;(d) adding a surfactant into the composite solution in the 15° C. water bath;(e) sonicating the composite solution after step (d) for 5-30 minutes and removing the composite solution out of the 15° C. water bath, with the color of the composite solution turning from deep brown into black;(f) atomizing the composite solution after step (e) to form atomized droplets;(g) treating the atomized droplets ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CARBONACEOUS LUMINESCENT MATERIAL

Provided is a method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material in which a polycarboxylic-acid-containing starting material, an acid catalyst, and a solvent are mixed together and heated. 1. A method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material , comprising the step of mixing together and heating a polycarboxylic acid-containing starting material , an acid catalyst and a solvent.2. The method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 1 , wherein the polycarboxylic acid is citric acid.3. The method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material of or claim 1 , wherein the starting material further contains an amino group-containing compound.4. The method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 3 , wherein the amino group-containing compound is an amino acid.5. The method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 4 , wherein the amino acid is cysteine.6. The method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 1 , wherein the acid catalyst is a heterogeneous acid catalyst formed as a porous body having pores.7. The method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 1 , wherein a surfactant is further admixed.8. The method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous luminescent material has a graphene structure.9. The method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous luminescent material emits light having a wavelength of from 380 to 480 nm. The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material.Carbonaceous luminescent materials have been attracting attention recently as luminescent materials. One type of carbonaceous luminescent material is graphene quantum dots. Graphene quantum dots are expected to be superior to semiconductor quantum dots in terms of, for example, price, safety and chemical stability. ...

GRAPHENE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR MAKING GRAPHENE MEMBRANE

A method for making a membrane includes buffing a first set of graphene platelets onto a surface of a porous substrate to force the graphene platelets into the pores of the substrate, to yield a primed substrate. The method further includes applying a fluid to the primed substrate. The method further includes forcing the fluid through the primed substrate while retaining at least a first portion of the graphene platelets of the first set on the substrate within the pores, to yield a graphene membrane comprising the substrate and a graphene layer platelets lodged within the pores of the substrate. 1. A method for making a membrane , comprising:a. buffing a first set of graphene platelets onto a surface of a porous substrate to force the graphene platelets into the pores of the substrate, to yield a primed substrate;b. applying a fluid to the primed substrate; andc. forcing the fluid through the primed substrate while retaining at least a first portion of the graphene platelets within the pores, to yield a graphene membrane comprising the substrate and a graphene platelets filling the pores of the substrate.2. The method of claim 2 , wherein step a. is carried out in dry conditions.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first set of graphene platelets is in the form of a powder claim 2 , and step a. includes rubbing the powder onto the porous substrate.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fluid contains a second set of graphene platelets in suspension claim 2 , and step c. comprises retaining at least a first portion of the graphene platelets of the second set within the pores of the substrate.5. The method of claim 4 , whereinstep c. yields a secondary suspension, the secondary suspension comprising the fluid and a second portion of the graphene platelets of the first set and a second portion of the graphene platelets of the second set; andthe method further comprises d. recirculating the secondary suspension through the graphene membrane to yield a built-up ...

GRAPHENE FILM PREPARED WITH FLEXIBLE POLYIMIDE AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

A preparation method of a graphene film prepared with flexible polyimide includes the following steps: S1, laminating a plurality of polyimide films; S2, performing heat treatment while pressing the laminated polyimide films for bonding, wherein the temperature of heat treatment is lower than the temperature at which a thermoplastic polyimide film begins thermal decomposition, so that the laminated polyimide films are bonded together to form a polyimide composite film; and S3, raising the temperature of the polyimide composite film to be higher than the temperature at which the polyimide film begins thermal decomposition for heat treatment and carbonization treatment, thereby obtaining a carbonized multifunctional film, and performing graphitization treatment as required. The graphene film prepared by the present invention has ultra-high thermal conductivity, excellent flexibility and bending resistance, anisotropy and good electrical boundary shielding effect and magnetic boundary shielding effect, and a good application prospect. 1. A preparation method of a graphene film prepared with flexible polyimide , comprising the following steps:S1, laminating a plurality of polyimide films;S2, performing heat treatment while pressing the laminated polyimide films for bonding, wherein the temperature of heat treatment is lower than the temperature at which a thermoplastic polyimide film begins thermal decomposition, so that the laminated polyimide films are bonded together to form a polyimide composite film; andS3, raising the temperature of the polyimide composite film to be higher than the temperature at which the polyimide film begins thermal decomposition for heat treatment and carbonization treatment, thereby obtaining a carbonized multifunctional film, and performing graphitization treatment as required.2. The preparation method of graphene film prepared with flexible polyimide according to claim 1 , wherein in step S2 claim 1 , the laminated polyimide films are hot- ...

Method for manufacturing carbonaceous luminescent material

Provided is a method for manufacturing a carbonaceous luminescent material in which a polycarboxylic-acid-containing starting material, an acid catalyst, and a solvent are mixed together and heated.

Three-dimensional graphene antenna and preparation method thereof

A three-dimensional graphene antenna includes a three-dimensional graphene radiation layer, a dielectric substrate, a metal layer and a feeder line. The three-dimensional graphene radiation layer is made from porous three-dimensional graphene. A preparation method of the porous three-dimensional graphene includes steps of preparing pressurized solid particles by pressurizing gas into solid micro particles, mixing the pressurized solid particles with a graphene oxide dispersion liquid, removing liquid nitrogen under high pressure and low temperature such that the graphene oxide flakes enwrap around the pressurized solid particles, obtaining a graphene oxide block containing the pressurized solid particles by extruding, sublimating the pressurized solid particles in the graphene oxide block into gas, forming holes in the graphene oxide block and annealing, thereby obtaining the three-dimensional graphene. The three-dimensional graphene has a porous three-dimensional conductive network structure, which is able to be in any shape without any pollution. 113421343213. A three-dimensional graphene antenna , which comprises a three-dimensional graphene radiation layer () , a dielectric substrate () , a metal layer () and a feeder line () , wherein the three-dimensional graphene radiation layer () is attached to a top surface of the dielectric substrate () , the metal layer () is attached to a bottom surface of the dielectric substrate () , the feeder line () is provided at one side of the three-dimensional graphene radiation layer () and on the dielectric substrate ().21. The three-dimensional graphene antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional graphene radiation layer () is made from porous three-dimensional graphene.33. The three-dimensional graphene antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric substrate () is made from a low dielectric constant material with a dielectric constant lower than 2.7.4. A preparation method of the three-dimensional ...

Preparation method of graphene

The invention relates to a preparation method of graphene using graphene oxide. The method consists of the following steps. (1). Preparation of graphene oxide-dispersant solution; (2). Reduction of graphene oxide; (3). Obtaining graphene by suction filtration and drying process. Based on the preparation of anthracite, the invention could reduce production costs effectively comparing to traditional preparation methods of graphene, and make the reaction more fast and complete, facilitating the achievement of large scale industrial production.

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PREPARING GRAPHENE HEAT-CONDUCTING FILMS

The present disclosure relates to graphene. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method for continuously preparing thermally conductive graphene films. A graphite oxide containing 40-60 wt % of moisture is directly stripped at a high temperature; and then, procedures such as dispersion, defoaming, coating, stripping, trimming, and reduction are performed to prepare thermally conductive graphene films with high thermal conductivity coefficient and strong electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. In the method, because of directly stripping the graphite oxide containing 40-60 wt % of moisture at a high temperature, the procedure of drying the graphite oxide is omitted, achieving low energy consumption and low manufacturing costs. Compared with preparing slurry by directly dispersing the graphite oxide, the concentration of the slurry after high temperature stripping is higher, and can reach 3-20 wt %. 1. A method for continuously preparing thermally conductive graphene films , comprising:1) processing a graphite oxide containing 40 to 60 wt % of moisture into strips via a screw extruder, and then cutting into pellets to obtain graphite oxide particles;2) stripping the graphite oxide particles of the step 1) at a high temperature to prepare graphene oxide powder;3) dispersing the graphene oxide powder of the step 2) in a solvent to form a homogeneous graphene oxide slurry, wherein the graphene oxide slurry has a viscosity of 20000-100000 mPa·s and a fineness of less than 30 μm;4) defoaming the dispersed graphene oxide slurry of the step 3) under vacuum;5) coating the defoamed graphene oxide slurry of the step 4) on a substrate to form a graphene oxide film with a certain thickness, drying the graphene oxide film to remove the solvent, and then continuously winding to form coils;6) stripping the graphene oxide film from the substrate of the coils of the step 5) via a stripping device, and then cutting the edges of the graphene oxide film by a trimming ...

METHOD OF PREPARING GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT, HARDMASK COMPOSITION INCLUDING THE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT OBTAINED BY THE METHOD, METHOD OF FORMING PATTERN USING THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION, AND HARDMASK FORMED FROM THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION

Provided are a method of preparing a graphene quantum dot, a graphene quantum dot prepared using the method, a hardmask composition including the graphene quantum dot, a method of forming a pattern using the hardmask composition, and a hardmask obtained from the hardmask composition. The method of preparing a graphene quantum dot includes reacting a graphene quantum dot composition and an including a polyaromatic hydrocarbon compound and an organic solvent at an atmospheric pressure and a temperature of about 250° C. The polyaromatic hydrocarbon compound may include at least four aromatic rings. 1. A method of preparing a graphene quantum dot , the method comprising:reacting a graphene quantum dot composition including a polyaromatic hydrocarbon compound and an organic solvent at an atmospheric pressure and a temperature of about 250° C. or less, the polyaromatic hydrocarbon compound including at least four aromatic rings.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the polyaromatic hydrocarbon compound including at least four aromatic rings in the graphene quantum dot composition is in a range of about 0.01 wt % to about 40 wt %.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyaromatic hydrocarbon compound including at least four aromatic rings is at least one selected from 1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,6-nitropyrene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,2-dinitropyrene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,6-dinitropyrene claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,6-trichloropyrene claim 1 , and 1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,8-tetrachloropyrene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene quantum dot composition further includes a catalyst.5. The method of claim 4 , whereinthe catalyst is a precious metal catalyst, a precious metal-transition metal alloy catalyst, a semiconductor catalyst, an organic catalyst, or a combination thereof,the precious metal catalyst includes at least one precious metal selected from Pt, Pd, Ir, Rh, Ru, and Re,the precious metal-transition metal alloy catalyst includes an alloy of at ...

Electrochemical Method for the Production of Graphene Composites and Cell for Conducting the Same

A method of making an electrically conductive composite includes applying graphene oxide () to at least one non-conductive porous substrate () and then reducing the graphene oxide () to graphene via an electrochemical reaction. An electrochemical cell () for causing a reaction that produces an electrically conductive composite includes a first electrode (), a second electrode (), an ion conductive medium (), electrical current in communication with the first electrode, and an optional third electrode having a known electrode potential. The first electrode () contains at least one layered electrocatalyst, which includes at least one non-conductive porous substrate () coated with graphene oxide () and at least a first and second active metal layer () comprising a conductive metal in contact with the non-conductive porous substrate () coated with graphene oxide (). 1. A method of making an electrically conductive composite comprising:applying graphene oxide to at least one non-conductive porous substrate; andreducing the graphene oxide to graphene via an electrochemical reaction.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying graphene oxide is effected by at least one of spraying claim 1 , ultrasonic spraying claim 1 , dip coating claim 1 , spinning claim 1 , printing claim 1 , soaking claim 1 , or rolling.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-conductive porous substrate is a fabric claim 1 , an article of clothing claim 1 , a paper claim 1 , a polymer membrane claim 1 , a polymer film claim 1 , a glass claim 1 , a wood claim 1 , cotton claim 1 , or a fibrous material.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical reaction takes place in an electrochemical cell comprising: the at least one non-conductive porous substrate coated with graphene oxide;', 'at least a first and a second active metal layer comprising a conductive metal in contact with the at least one non-conductive porous substrate coated with graphene oxide;, 'a first electrode ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR PRODUCTION OF DOPED CARBON NANOMATERIALS

A system and process for producing doped carbon nanomaterials is disclosed. A carbonate electrolyte including a doping component is provided during the electrolysis between an anode and a cathode immersed in carbonate electrolyte contained in a cell. The carbonate electrolyte is heated to a molten state. An electrical current is applied to the anode, and cathode, to the molten carbonate electrolyte disposed between the anode and cathode. A morphology element maximizes carbon nanotubes, versus graphene versus carbon nano-onion versus hollow carbon nano-sphere nanomaterial product. The resulting carbon nanomaterial growth is collected from the cathode of the cell. 1. A method for producing a carbon nanomaterial comprising:heating a carbonate electrolyte to obtain a molten carbonate electrolyte;disposing the molten carbonate electrolyte between an anode and a cathode in a cell;including a carbon nanomaterial doping component in the cell;including a nanomaterial selection component in the cell;applying an electrical current to the cathode and the anode in the cell; andcollecting doped carbon nanomaterial growth from the cathode of the cell.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial component is free of transition metal claim 1 , the method further comprising application of an alternating current electrolysis current to the electrolyte.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the electrolysis current is selected for carbon nano-onion product growth.4. The method of claim 2 , further comprising adding ZnO to the electrolyte claim 2 , and wherein the electrolysis current is selected for graphene platelet product growth.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding MgO to the electrolyte and wherein the electrolysis current is selected for hollow carbon nano-sphere product growth.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial selection component disperses a transition metal and wherein the nanomaterial selection component is selected for carbon nanotube ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING BIOMASS GRAPHENE BY USING CELLULOSE AS RAW MATERIAL

A method for preparing biomass graphene by using cellulose as a raw material includes preparing a catalyst solution, carrying out ionic coordination and high-temperature deoxidization on cellulose and a catalyst so as to obtain a precursor, carrying out thermal treatment and pre-carbonization, and carrying out acid treatment and drying to obtain the graphene. The graphene is uniform in morphology with a single-layer or multi-layer two-dimensional layered structure having a dimension of 0.5 μm to 2 μm, and an electric conductivity of 25000 S/m to 45000 S/m. The graphene can be applied to electrode materials of super capacitors and lithium ion batteries, and can also be added to resin and rubber as an additive so as to improve physical properties of the resin and the rubber. 110.-. (canceled)11. A method for preparing biomass graphene using cellulose as a raw material , comprising:preparing a catalyst solution, wherein a catalyst is added to distilled water to form a first mixture, the first mixture is stirred for 10 to 30 min to form a catalyst solution, in which the ratio of catalyst to solvent is within 2:100 to 35:100;preparation a precursor, wherein a biomass cellulose is added to the catalyst solution to form a second mixture, the second mixture is stirred for 1 to 4 hours then deoxidized at a high temperature and dried to obtain a precursor, in which the mass ratio of cellulose to solvent is within 3:100 to 40:100;heat-treating the precursor including a pre-carbonization step and a secondary carbonization step, wherein the pre-carbonization step includes heating the precursor to within 220 to 650° C. at 10 to 20° C./min for 1 to 6 hours in an atmosphere including at least one of nitrogen gas, argon gas, and hydrogen gas to obtain a pre-carbonized precursor, and the secondary carbonization step includes heating the pre-carbonized precursor to within 900 to 1650° C. at 5 to 16° C./min for 4 to 15 hours to obtain a heat-treated product; andobtaining graphene, ...

GRAPHENE MANUFACTURING DEVICE AND GRAPHENE MANUFACTURING METHOD USING SAME

A graphene manufacturing device using Joule heating includes: a chamber having a space provided therein so as to synthesize graphene; and a first roller portion and a second roller portion disposed inside the chamber to be spaced from each other such that same support a catalyst metal penetrating the interior of the chamber and are supplied with an electric current for graphene synthesis, thereby Joule-heating the catalyst metal. In order to compensate for a temperature deviation of the catalyst metal passing between the first roller portion and the second roller portion, a first area of the catalyst metal, which is close to the first roller portion, and a second area of the catalyst metal, which is close to the second roller portion, are disposed to have movement paths facing each other. 1. A graphene manufacturing device comprising:a chamber having an inner space for graphene synthesis; anda first roller unit and a second roller unit disposed in the chamber with a distance therebetween, supporting a catalytic metal passing through an inside of the chamber, and heating the catalytic metal by Joule heating using electric current supplied thereto for graphene synthesis,wherein a first region of the catalytic metal close to the first roller unit and a second region of the catalytic metal close to the second roller unit are positioned to have respective movement paths facing each other to compensate for temperature variation in the catalytic metal passing through a section between the first roller unit and the second roller unit.2. The graphene manufacturing device according to claim 1 , wherein the first region and the second region have the respective movement paths facing each other as the catalytic metal sags between the first roller unit and the second roller unit.3. The graphene manufacturing device according to claim 2 , further comprising:a displacement sensor disposed below the first roller unit and the second roller unit and detecting whether a sagging length ...

ULTRATHIN GRAPHENE/POLYMER LAMINATE FILMS

A process includes layering a graphene layer onto a polymer layer to form a composite film. 1. A process , comprising:layering a graphene layer onto a polymer layer to form a composite film.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the layering is performed in a solution.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the graphene layer floats on the solution claim 2 , wherein the layering includes causing the polymer layer to lift the graphene layer from the solution.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the solution has a neutral pH.5. The process of claim 1 , comprising layering a second graphene layer onto the composite film.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the second graphene layer is added to the polymer layer on a side of the composite film claim 5 , the side being opposite the graphene layer.7. The process of claim 5 , wherein the second graphene layer is added to a side of the composite film claim 5 , the side being the same side as the graphene layer.8. The process of claim 5 , comprising coupling a third graphene layer to the composite film.9. The process of claim 1 , comprising coupling a second polymer layer to the composite film.10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer includes several layers of graphene.11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer is a single layer of graphene.12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer includes islands of graphene held together by van der Waals forces.13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer covers an entire side of the polymer layer. This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344 awarded by the United States Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in the invention.This application claims priority to U.S. Nonprovisional patent application Ser. No. 15/698,473 filed Sep. 7, 2017, which is herein incorporated by reference.The present invention relates to polymer laminate films, and more particularly, this invention relates to ...

RESISTIVE MEMORY DEVICES HAVING LASER-INDUCED GRAPHENE COMPOSITES AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME

Resistive memory devices having laser-induced graphene (LIG) composites, and methods of making resistive memory devices having LIG composites. 1116-. (canceled)117. A method of making a resistive memory device comprising:(a) selecting a LIG composite; and(b) depositing a metal by e-beam evaporation on the LIG composite.118. The method of further comprising performing an Oplasma treatment on LIG composite before the step of depositing.119. The method of claim 117 , wherein the metal comprises Al.120. The method of claim 117 , wherein the LIG composite comprises LIG-PDMS composite.121. The method of further comprising:(a) utilizing a laser to irradiate a substrate to form LIG on the substrate; and(b) forming the LIG composition from the LIG on the substrate.122. The method of claim 117 , wherein the step of depositing comprising utilizing a shadow mask.123. The method of claim 117 , wherein the resistive memory device is capable of resistive switch behavior at a tensile strain of 77% without degradation.124. A resistive memory device comprising a LIG composite.125. The resistive memory device of claim 124 , wherein the resistive memory device is made by a method of comprising(a) selecting a LIG composite; and(b) depositing a metal by e-beam evaporation on the LIG composite.126. The resistive memory device of claim 124 , wherein the LIG composite comprises LIG-PDMS composite.125126A-A. (canceled)127128-. (canceled)129. The resistive memory device of claim 123 , wherein the resistive memory device is capable of resistive switch behavior at a tensile strain of 7.7% without degradation. This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Appl. 62/786,000, entitled “Laser-Induced Graphene Composites And Sensors And Methods Of Use Thereof,” filed Dec. 28, 2018, which patent application is commonly owned by the owners of the present invention. This patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.This invention was made with government ...

LOW COST AND FAST METHOD TO MASSIVELY PRODUCE GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE WITH CARBON-RICH NATURAL MATERIALS AND THE USE OF THE SAME

This invention provides an innovative method to manufacture graphene layers or quantities and graphene oxide layers or quantities from graphite, coal slags, asphalt, and other carbon-rich sold materials in nature. The present invention uses controllable microwave irradiation to heat the mixtures of basic material, graphite, or coal slags, or asphalt, or their combinations with ionic liquids and surfactant plus environmentally friendly oxidation agents. This invention can generate the said-products of graphene layers and graphene oxides in a short time period of one second to 300 seconds. The present invention does not involve any concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nor huge water quantities needed for the purification, unlike the prior art. The as-produced graphene-based materials can be used for preparing conductive films for touch screens, producing graphene carbon fibers and three-dimensional porous graphene nanomaterials, and preparing graphene-based other intelligent nanocomposites for super-light-weight machines and vehicles. 1) A method for producing at least one of graphene and graphene oxide comprising the steps of:obtaining a quantity of carbon rich material in a solid state;mixing the carbon rich material with a solvent, a surfactant, and an additive, forming a mixture;conducting the mixture into a microwave reactor, the microwave reactor configured to provide microwave radiation to the mixture;directing microwave radiation to the mixture in the microwave reactor;the step of directing the microwave radiation to the mixture comprising directing a sufficient quantity of microwave radiation to form at least one of a quantity of graphene and a quantity of graphene oxide; andseparating the at least one of the formed quantity of graphene and quantity of graphene oxide from the solvent.2) The method of wherein the directing step comprises directing microwave radiation having an intensity of 150W to 3000W.31) The method of wherein the step of directing the ...

UPGRADED COAL

Upgraded coal, method of forming the same, and graphene films and quantum dots made therefrom. A method of upgrading coal includes cleaning coal to form a cleaned coal residue. The method also includes (A) reacting the cleaned coal residue with an oxidizable inorganic metallic agent, or (B) reacting the cleaned coal residue with a reducing agent, or a combination thereof, to form the upgraded coal.

MULTILAYER BODY AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A multilayer body includes a base portion and a graphene film. In an ion mass distribution versus depth of the multilayer body determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, detection intensities of Cions have a maximum value at a depth of greater than 0 nm and 2.5 nm or less from an exposed surface. Detection intensities of Cions have a maximum value at a depth of greater than 0 nm and 3.0 nm or less from the exposed surface. Detection intensities of SiCions have a maximum value at a depth of 0.5 nm or greater and 5.0 nm or less from the exposed surface. Detection intensities of SiC ions have a maximum value at a depth of 0.5 nm or greater and 10.0 nm or less from the exposed surface. Detection intensities of Siions have a maximum value at a depth of 0.5 nm or greater and 10.0 nm or less from the exposed surface. A value obtained by dividing the maximum value of the detection intensities of SiCions by an average of detection intensities of SiCions associated with a region of the multilayer body is 1 or greater and 3.5 or less, the region having distances from the exposed surface in a thickness direction of the multilayer body of equal to or greater than 8 nm and 12 nm or less. 1. A multilayer body comprising:a base portion including silicon carbide and having a first major surface; anda graphene film disposed on the first major surface and having an exposed surface, the exposed surface being a major surface located on a side opposite to a side on which the base portion is located, whereinin an ion mass distribution versus depth of the multilayer body determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry that uses bismuth ions as primary ions and uses cesium ions as sputtering ions,detection intensities of Ce ions have a maximum value at a depth of greater than 0 nm and 2.5 nm or less from the exposed surface,{'sub': '3', 'detection intensities of Cions have a maximum value at a depth of greater than 0 nm and 3.0 nm or less from the exposed ...

Microwave-Induced Non-Thermal Plasma Conversion of Hydrocarbons

A non-thermal plasma is generated to selectively convert a precursor to a product. More specifically, plasma forming material and a precursor material are provided to a reaction zone of a vessel. The reaction zone is exposed to microwave radiation, including exposing the plasma forming material and the precursor material to the microwave radiation. The exposure of the plasma forming material to the microwave radiation selectively converts the plasma forming material to a non-thermal plasma including formation of one or more streamers. The precursor material is mixed with the plasma forming material and the precursor material is exposed to the non-thermal plasma including exposing the precursor material to the one or more streamers. The exposure of the precursor material to the streamers and the microwave radiation selectively converts the precursor material to a product. 2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon precursor material includes one or more first materials selected from the group consisting of: aromatic claim 1 , alkylated aromatic claim 1 , paraffinic claim 1 , olefinic claim 1 , cycloolefin claim 1 , napthenic claim 1 , alkane claim 1 , alkene claim 1 , alkyl cycloalkane claim 1 , alkylated cycoalkane claim 1 , alkyne claim 1 , alcohol claim 1 , and heteroatom.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon precursor material includes one or more first materials selected from the group consisting of: methane claim 1 , ethane claim 1 , propane claim 1 , butane claim 1 , syngas claim 1 , natural gas claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , hexane claim 1 , benzene claim 1 , paraffin claim 1 , and naphthalene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plasma forming material includes one or more first materials selected from the group consisting of: argon claim 1 , hydrogen claim 1 , helium claim 1 , neon claim 1 , krypton claim 1 , xenon claim 1 , carbon dioxide claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , and water.5. ...

Non-Thermal Micro-Plasma Conversion of Hydrocarbons

Embodiments relate to generating non-thermal plasma to selectively convert a precursor to a product. More specifically, plasma forming material, a precursor material, and a plasma promoter material are provided to a reaction zone of a vessel. The reaction zone is exposed to microwave radiation, including exposing the plasma forming material, the precursor material, and the plasma promoter material to the microwave radiation. The exposure of the plasma forming material and the plasma promoter material to the microwave radiation selectively converts the plasma forming material to a micro-plasma. The precursor material is mixed with the plasma forming material and the precursor material is exposed to the micro-plasma. The exposure of the precursor material to the micro-plasma and the microwave radiation selectively converts the precursor material to a product. 1. A method comprising:providing a hydrocarbon precursor material, a plasma forming material, and a plasma promoter material to the reaction zone;exposing the plasma forming material and the plasma promoter material to microwave radiation, the exposure initiating a non-thermal micro-plasma proximal to the plasma promoter material; andexposing the hydrocarbon material to the non-thermal micro-plasma and the microwave radiation, the exposure of the hydrocarbon precursor material selectively converting the hydrocarbon precursor material to a product including a carbon enriched material and a hydrogen enriched material.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon precursor material includes one or more first materials selected from the group consisting of: aromatic claim 1 , alkylated aromatic claim 1 , paraffinic claim 1 , olefinic claim 1 , cycloolefin claim 1 , naphthenic claim 1 , alkane claim 1 , alkene claim 1 , alkyl cycloalkane claim 1 , alkylated cycoalkane claim 1 , alkyne claim 1 , alcohol claim 1 , and heteroatom.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon precursor material includes one or ...

CARBON ALLOTROPES

A nanoparticle or agglomerate which contains connected multi-walled spherical fullerenes coated in layers of graphite. In different embodiments, the nanoparticles and agglomerates have different combinations of: a high mass fraction compared to other carbon allotropes present, a low concentration of defects, a low concentration of elemental impurities, a high Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) specific surface area, and/or a high electrical conductivity. Methods are provided to produce the nanoparticles and agglomerates at a high production rate without using catalysts. 1. A thermal cracking apparatus for thermally cracking a hydrocarbon feedstock process gas and forming carbon aggregates therefrom , the thermal cracking apparatus comprising:A longitudinal reaction zone through which the hydrocarbon feedstock process gas is flowed longitudinally; andan elongated heating element disposed longitudinally within the reaction zone, the hydrocarbon feedstock process gas flowing around the elongated heating element;and wherein during thermal cracking operations the elongated heating element is heated to a molecular cracking temperature to generate the reaction zone, and the hydrocarbon feedstock process gas is flowed at a flow rate and under a pressure at which heat from the elongated heating element thermally cracks the hydrocarbon feedstock process gas as it flows within the reaction zone into thermally cracked molecules, which form carbon aggregates, each carbon aggregate comprising at least two connected multi-walled spherical fullerenes coated in layers of graphene.2. The thermal cracking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:a ratio of carbon to other elements, except H, in the carbon aggregates is greater than 99.9%.3. The thermal cracking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:{'sup': −1', '−1, 'a Raman spectrum of the carbon aggregates using 532 nm incident light has a first Raman peak at about 750 cmand a second Raman peak at about 1580 cm, and'}a ratio of an intensity of the ...

Methods and Systems for Microwave Assisted Production of Graphitic Materials

Systems and methods for plasma based synthesis of graphitic materials. The system includes a plasma forming zone configured to generate a plasma from radio-frequency radiation, an interface element configured to transmit the plasma from the plasma forming zone to a reaction zone, and the reaction zone configured to receive the plasma. The reaction zone is further configured to receive feedstock material comprising a carbon containing species, and convert the feedstock material to a product comprising the graphitic materials in presence of the plasma. 1. A system for plasma based synthesis of graphitic materials , the system comprising:a plasma forming zone configured to generate a plasma from radio-frequency radiation;an interface element configured to transmit the plasma from the plasma forming zone to a reaction zone; and receive feedstock material comprising a carbon containing species, and', 'convert the feedstock material to a product comprising the graphitic materials in presence of the plasma., 'the reaction zone configured to receive the plasma, wherein the reaction zone is further configured to2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plasma forming zone comprises:a radiation source; anda discharge tube coupled to the radiation source configured to receive a plasma forming material, wherein the discharge tube is made from a material that is transparent to the radio-frequency radiation.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the plasma forming material includes one or more first materials selected from the group consisting of: argon claim 2 , hydrogen claim 2 , helium claim 2 , neon claim 2 , krypton claim 2 , xenon claim 2 , carbon dioxide claim 2 , nitrogen claim 2 , and water.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a waveguide configured to couple the radiation source to the discharge tube.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the reaction zone comprises a reaction vessel including a resonant cavity claim 1 , and wherein the reaction vessel is formed from ...

FACILE METHODS TO MANUFACTURE INTELLIGENT GRAPHENE NANOMATERIALS AND THE USE OF FOR SUPER-LIGHT MACHINE AND VEHICLES

This utility invention is to replace some of the parts of current vehicles and robotic machines with intelligent graphene-based fibers and nanocomposites to achieve significantly weight-decreasing and energy-savings. This invention also is related to the formation of new generation vehicles, machine parts including robotics, which include but not limited to all kinds of cars, trailers, trucks, vehicles on roads and in the sky, ships on the ocean, and intelligent robotics for Human, as well as computer parts, bicycles, and sports supplies. 1) A method of producing graphene based carbon fiber comprising the steps of:dispersing a quantity of at least one of a graphene powder, graphene flakes, graphene oxide powder, and graphene oxide flakes into a solvent solution with a surfactant;adding at least one of a nanocellulose fiber, a polymer, and a resin into the solvent; andstirring the mixture to obtain an approximately uniform viscosity solution;forming a quantity of carbon fibers from the solution.2) The method of wherein the step of forming the carbon fibers from the solution is performed using a solution spinning machine; and further comprising the step of annealing the quantity of formed carbon fibers at a temperature between 200C and 2000C for approximately four hours in a flow gas environment.3) The method of wherein the flow gas is one of methane claim 2 , benzene claim 2 , an alkane claim 2 , hydrogen claim 2 , and ammonia.4) The method of wherein the step of forming the carbon fibers from the solution is performed using a 3D printing machine claim 1 , the 3D printing machine being computerized claim 1 , and configured to force the solution through a nozzle onto a substrate; and further comprising the step of curing the resin at approximately 20C-400C.5) The method of further comprising the step of using the 3D printed quantity of carbon fiber composite for intelligent machines and vehicles.6) The method of wherein the solution forced through the nozzle is a ...

REACTOR SYSTEM COUPLED TO AN ENERGY EMITTER CONTROL CIRCUIT

A microwave energy source that generates a microwave energy is disclosed. The microwave energy source has an on-state and an off-state. A control circuit is coupled to the microwave energy source and includes an output to generate a control signal that adjusts a pulse frequency of the microwave energy. A voltage generator applies a non-zero voltage to the microwave energy source during the off-state. A frequency and a duty cycle of the non-zero voltage is based on a frequency and a duty cycle of the control signal. A waveguide is coupled to the microwave energy source. The waveguide has a supply gas inlet that receives a supply gas, a reaction zone that generates a plasma, a process inlet that injects a raw material into the reaction zone, and an outlet that outputs a powder based on a mixture of the supply gas and the raw material within the plasma. 1. A reactor system comprising:a microwave energy source configured to generate a microwave energy, the microwave energy source having an on-state and an off-state;a control circuit coupled to the microwave energy source and including an output to generate a control signal configured to at least partially adjust a pulse frequency of the microwave energy;a voltage generator configured to apply a non-zero voltage to the microwave energy source during the off-state, wherein a frequency and a duty cycle of the non-zero voltage is based on a frequency and a duty cycle of the control signal; and a supply gas inlet configured to receive a supply gas;', 'a reaction zone configured to generate a plasma in response to excitation of the supply gas by the microwave energy;', 'a process inlet configured to inject a raw material into the reaction zone; and', 'an outlet configured to output a carbon-containing powder based on a mixture of the supply gas and portions of the raw material within the plasma., 'a field-enhancing waveguide (FEWG) coupled to the microwave energy source and including a field-enhancing zone having a cross- ...

A METHOD OF SYNTHESIZING GRAPHENE FELTS WITHOUT USING BINDERS

The embodiments herein provide a facile four-step process for the preparation of binder-free graphene felts that are free standing and mechanically robust. The step of deagglomeration of graphene material leads to a uniform size distribution which when combined/integrated with an appropriate moulding technique allows an easy fine tuning of various attributes of graphene felts including electrical conductivity, porosity, surface area, surface morphology and surface functionalization depending on the desired application. Since graphene felts obtained from this process do not incorporate any binder, to achieve better electrical conductivity, electrochemical activity and catalytic and sensing properties compared to conventional graphene felts while not compromising with their mechanical properties. 1. A method of synthesizing graphene felts , the method comprises steps of:segregating a predetermined amount of graphene raw material, and wherein the graphene raw material is segregated by a process selected from a group consisting of carding, mechanical delumping, sonication, shearing and sieve shaking processes;optimizing a weight of the segregated graphene raw material;functionalizing the graphene raw material used as a precursor material, and wherein the functioanlized graphene raw material is processed to provide nano or microfibrous structure to graphene raw material, and wherein the processed nano or micro structure of graphene raw material entangle to form graphene felt during compaction processes, and wherein graphene materials without nano and micro fibrous structures are processed through electrospinning and chemical or physical crosslinking processes to prepare fibers with nano and microstructures for producing graphene felts;deagglomerating graphene raw material for achieving a uniform size distribution and a uniform material density of graphene raw material;pouring the deagglomerated graphene material in a pre-designed mold for mechanical compaction, and ...

PRODUCTION METHOD FOR CARBON-BASED LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIAL

Provided is a production method for a carbon-based light-emitting material that generates light having a wavelength of 500 to 700 nm when exposed to excitation light having a wavelength of 300 to 600 nm. The production method comprises a step for mixing and heating a starting material containing ascorbic acid, an acid catalyst containing an inorganic acid, and a solvent. 1. A method for producing a carbonaceous luminescent material that , when exposed to excitation light having a wavelength of 300 to 600 nm , emits light having a wavelength of 550 to 700 nm , which method comprises the step of mixing together and heating an ascorbic acid-containing starting material , an inorganic acid-containing acid catalyst and a solvent.2. The method for producing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 1 , wherein the starting material further includes a polycarboxylic acid.3. The method for producing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 2 , wherein the polycarboxylic acid is citric acid.4. The method for producing a carbonaceous luminescent material of any one of to claim 2 , wherein the starting material further includes an amino group-containing compound.5. The method for producing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 4 , wherein the amino group-containing compound is an amino group-containing polyalkylene glycol.6. The method for producing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 5 , wherein the amino group-containing compound is an amino group-containing polyethylene glycol.7. The method for producing a carbonaceous luminescent material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous luminescent material has a graphene structure. The present invention relates to a method for producing carbonaceous luminescent materials.Carbonaceous luminescent materials have been attracting attention recently as light-emitting materials. One type of carbonaceous luminescent material is graphene quantum dots. It is expected that graphene quantum dots will prove to be superior ...

Carbon Based Composite Material

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing sheets of a composite material comprising a graphene film arranged on an amorphous carbon substrate, the process comprising the steps of: a) providing a lignin source and an aqueous solution to form a composition, b) depositing the composition on a metal surface, c) heating the composition on the metal surface to form the composite material. 1. A process for producing a composite material comprising a graphene film arranged on an amorphous carbon substrate , the process comprising the steps ofa) providing a lignin source and an aqueous solution to form a compositionb) depositing the composition on a metal surfacec) heating the composition on the metal surface to form the composite material on the metal surface.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises a step d) removing the composite material from the metal surface to form flakes of the composite material.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the step a) further comprises providing a poly(vinyl alcohol) and an alcohol to the composition.4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the alcohol is isopropanol.5. The process according the claim 4 , wherein the composition comprises claim 4 , by weight of the composition10-30 weight-% of the lignin source1-5 weight-% of poly(vinyl alcohol)45-65 weight-% of isopropanolthe balance comprising water.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin source is a particulate lignin source claim 1 , and wherein the step a) further comprises milling of the composition.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal surface is made of a metal selected from copper claim 1 , copper alloys claim 1 , aluminum and aluminum alloys.8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the metal surface is a copper surface.9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the step c) further comprises heating the composition on the metal surface to a reaction temperature in the range ...

SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS FROM MONOMERIC MOLECULAR PRECURSORS BEARING REACTIVE ALKYNE MOIETIES

A method of forming a graphene nanoribbon includes: 1) providing monomeric precursors each including an alkyne moiety and at least one aromatic moiety bonded to the alkyne moiety; 2) polymerizing the monomeric precursors to form a polymer; and 3) converting the polymer to a graphene nanoribbon. 1. A method of forming a graphene nanoribbon , comprising:providing monomeric precursors each including an alkyne moiety and at least one aromatic moiety bonded to the alkyne moiety;polymerizing the monomeric precursors to form a polymer; andconverting the polymer to a graphene nanoribbon.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomeric precursors are represented by a chemical formula:{'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2, 'R-A-R,'}whereinA is an alkyne moiety,{'sub': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare the same or different, and are selected from aromatic moieties.'}3. The method of claim 2 , wherein A includes multiple carbon-carbon triple bonds.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein Rand Rare the same claim 2 , and each includes a substituent group.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the substituent group is selected from carbonyl groups claim 4 , aminocarbonyl groups claim 4 , amide groups claim 4 , carbamate groups claim 4 , and urea groups.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein Rand Rare monocyclic.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monomeric precursors are diaryl-substituted polyynes.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein polymerizing the monomeric precursors includes applying electromagnetic radiation.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer includes a backbone including repeating enyne units.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a polydiacetylene.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the polymer to the graphene nanoribbon is performed in a solid state.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the polymer to the graphene nanoribbon includes applying heat.13. A method of forming a graphene nanoribbon claim 1 , comprising:providing a polymer including a backbone including ...

GRAPHENE NANORIBBONS, GRAPHENE NANOPLATELETS AND MIXTURES THEREOF AND METHODS OF SYNTHESIS

Provided herein are graphene nanoribbons with high structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Also provided herein are graphene nanoplatelets of superior structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Further provided herein are mixtures of graphene nanoribbons and graphene nanoplatelets of good structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. The method includes, for example, the steps of depositing catalyst on a constantly moving substrate, forming carbon nanotubes on the substrate, separating carbon nanotubes from the substrate, collecting the carbon nanotubes from the surface where the substrate moves continuously and sequentially through the depositing, forming, separating and collecting steps. Further processing steps convert the synthesized carbon nanotubes to graphene nanoribbons, graphene nanoplatelets and mixtures thereof. 1. A method for synthesizing graphene nanoribbons comprising:continuously depositing catalyst on a constantly moving substrate;forming carbon nanotubes on the substrate;separating carbon nanotubes from the substrate;collecting carbon nanotubes; andconverting the carbon nanotubes to graphene nanoribbons;wherein the substrate moves sequentially through the depositing, forming, separating and collecting steps.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene nanoribbons are of uniform length3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the uniform length is about 50 μM claim 2 , about 100 μM claim 2 , about 150 μM or about 200 μM.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene nanoribbons are of greater than 90% claim 1 , 95% claim 1 , 99% claim 1 , 99.5% or 99.9% purity.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene nanoribbons are of greater than 90% claim 1 , 95% claim 1 , 99% claim 1 , 99.5% or 99.9% purity and is of uniform length of about 50 μM claim 1 , about 100 μM claim 1 , about 150 μM or about 200 μM.6. The method of claim 1 , ...

SELF-HEALING COATING COMPOSITIONS

Self-healing coating compositions are provided. In embodiments, such a composition comprises a liquid medium and a network of hollow capsules extending through the liquid medium in three dimensions, the network comprising a plurality of chains formed from the hollow capsules, aggregates of the hollow capsules, or both, wherein exterior surfaces of the hollow capsules of the plurality of chains define a plurality of channels filled with the liquid medium, and wherein the coating composition has a room temperature viscosity greater than that of the liquid medium. Coated surfaces formed from the compositions and methods of protecting surfaces using the compositions are also provided. 1. A self-healing coating composition comprising a liquid medium and a network of hollow capsules extending through the liquid medium in three dimensions , the network comprising a plurality of chains formed from the hollow capsules , aggregates of the hollow capsules , or both , wherein exterior surfaces of the hollow capsules of the plurality of chains define a plurality of channels filled with the liquid medium , and wherein the coating composition has a room temperature viscosity greater than that of the liquid medium.2. The self-healing coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the room temperature viscosity of the liquid medium is in a range of from 0.02 Pa·s to 20 Pa·s.3. The self-healing coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medium is an oil claim 1 , a liquid alkane claim 1 , or a liquid metal.4. The self-healing coating composition of claim 3 , wherein the liquid medium is an oil or a liquid alkane.5. The self-healing coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the hollow capsules have an average diameter in a range of 20 nm to 5 μm and an average wall thickness of no more than 25 nm.6. The self-healing coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the hollow capsules have a tap density in a range of 0.05 g/cmto 0.5 g/cm.7. The self-healing coating composition of claim 1 , ...

Production Method of Low Dimensional Nano-Material

A production method of low dimensional nano-material comprises steps of: introducing a layered material; adding an intercalating agent into the layered material; and exfoliating the layered material by ball-milling to form the low dimensional material. Mechanochemical approaches for low dimensional nano-material like graphene quantum dots synthesis offer a promise of new reaction pathways, and greener and more efficient syntheses, making them potential approaches for low cost production. 1. A production method of low dimensional nano-material comprising steps of:introducing a layered material;adding a intercalating agent into the layered material; andexfoliating the layered material by ball-milling to form the low dimensional material.2. The production method of low dimensional nano-material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein: the layered material contains graphite claim 1 , graphene or molybdenum disulfide.3. The production method of low dimensional nano-material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein: the intercalating agent comprises potassium carbonate claim 1 , lithium carbonate claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium phosphate claim 1 , sodium carbonate claim 1 , sodium hydroxide claim 1 , lithium hydrate claim 1 , sodium bicarbonate claim 1 , potassium nitrate claim 1 , potassium bicarbonate or potassium sulphate.4. The production method of low dimensional nano-material as claimed in claim 2 , wherein: the intercalating agent comprises potassium carbonate claim 2 , lithium carbonate claim 2 , potassium hydroxide claim 2 , potassium phosphate claim 2 , sodium carbonate claim 2 , sodium hydroxide claim 2 , lithium hydrate claim 2 , sodium bicarbonate claim 2 , potassium nitrate claim 2 , potassium bicarbonate or potassium sulphate.5. The production method of low dimensional nano-material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:a rotational speed of ball-milling is at a range of 500 rpm to 1250 rpm;an energy of ball-milling is at a range of 15 GJ to 585.94 GJ; anda ...

Method of manufacturing thin film transistor

A method of manufacturing a thin-film transistor is provided, including preparing ink including a solution in which a graphene oxide, a reduced graphene oxide, or a combination thereof is dispersed, forming the ink on a substrate in the form of a pattern, and forming a source electrode and a drain electrode that are positioned at edges of the pattern and a semiconductor channel positioned between the electrodes by a coffee-ring effect in the ink by using the graphene oxide, the reduced graphene oxide, or the combination thereof within the formed pattern.

ULTRATHIN GRAPHENE/POLYMER LAMINATE FILMS

According to one embodiment, a product includes a composite film comprising a polymer layer directly adjacent a graphene layer. According to another embodiment, a process includes layering a graphene layer onto a polymer layer to form a composite film. 1. A product , comprising:a composite film comprising a polymer layer directly adjacent a graphene layer.2. The product of claim 1 , wherein the polymer layer has a thickness of less than about 100 nm.3. The product of claim 1 , wherein a weight fraction of graphene in the composite film is greater than 10%.4. The product of claim 1 , wherein the graphene layer includes several layers of graphene.5. The product of claim 1 , wherein the composite film includes a second graphene layer directly adjacent a second side of the polymer layer.6. The product of claim 1 , wherein the composite film includes a second graphene layer directly adjacent the graphene layer.7. The product of claim 1 , wherein the composite film includes a second polymer layer directly adjacent a second side of the graphene layer.8. The product of claim 1 , wherein the composite film has a stiffness that is at least twice as stiff as a sum of the stiffnesses of the layers thereof.9. The product of claim 1 , wherein the composite film has a stiffness that is at least five times a stiffness of the polymer layer.10. The product of claim 1 , wherein the composite film has a yield strength that is at least two times a yield strength of the polymer layer.11. A method claim 1 , comprising using the product of as a separation medium.12. A process claim 1 , comprising:layering a graphene layer onto a polymer layer to form a composite film.13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the layering is performed in a solution.14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the graphene layer floats on the solution claim 13 , wherein the polymer layer lifts the graphene layer from the solution during the layering.15. The process of claim 13 , wherein the solution has a neutral pH.16 ...

FLEXIBLE GRAPHENE GAS SENSOR, SENSOR ARRAY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

The present invention relates to a surface-decorated flexible graphene self-heating gas sensor, which has a pattern of graphene formed on a flexible substrate, has a part of the pattern of graphene decorated with metal nanoparticles, and detects a gas by applying an external voltage. 1. A surface-decorated flexible graphene self-heating gas sensor , which has a pattern of graphene formed on a flexible substrate , has a part of the pattern of graphene decorated with metal nanoparticles , and detects a gas by applying an external voltage.2. The flexible graphene self-heating gas sensor of claim 1 , wherein the pattern of graphene is micro-patterned or nano-patterned such that a pair of graphenes in triangular shape are arranged in parallel and the graphenes arranged in parallel are connected by a graphene with a small width.3. The flexible graphene self-heating gas sensor of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanoparticle comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of gold (Au) claim 1 , platinum (Pt) claim 1 , silver (Ag) claim 1 , tin (Sn) claim 1 , indium (In) claim 1 , nickel (Ni) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , cobalt (Co) claim 1 , and chromium (Cr).4. The flexible graphene self-heating gas sensor of claim 1 , wherein the flexible substrate is formed of a transparent material selected from the group consisting of polyimide (PI) claim 1 , acryl claim 1 , polycarbonate claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) claim 1 , and polyethersulfone (PES).5. A flexible graphene self-heating gas sensor array claim 1 , which has a plurality of patterns of graphene are formed on a flexible substrate claim 1 , has a part of each of the plurality of patterns of graphene decorated with metal nanoparticles claim 1 , and detects a gas by applying an external voltage.6. The flexible graphene self-heating gas sensor array of claim 5 , wherein each of the plurality of patterns of graphene is micro-patterned or nano-patterned such that a pair of graphenes in triangular shape ...

PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE SHEETS FROM HIGHLY AROMATIC MOLECULES

Provided is a method of producing isolated graphene sheets directly from a carbon/graphite precursor. The method comprises: (a) providing a mass of halogenated aromatic molecules selected from halogenated petroleum heavy oil or pitch, coal tar pitch, polynuclear hydrocarbon, or a combination thereof; (b) heat treating this mass at a first temperature of 25 to 300° C. in the presence of a catalyst and optionally at a second temperature of 300-3,200° C. to form graphene domains dispersed in a disordered matrix of carbon or hydrocarbon molecules, and (c) separating and isolating the planes of hexagonal carbon atoms or fused aromatic rings to recover graphene sheets from the disordered matrix. 1. A method of producing isolated graphene sheets , said method comprising:a) providing a mass of halogenated aromatic molecules in a liquid, solid, or semi-solid state wherein said halogenated aromatic molecules are selected from halogenated variants of petroleum heavy oil or pitch, coal tar pitch, a polynuclear hydrocarbon, and combinations thereof;b) heat treating said mass of halogenated aromatic molecules at a first temperature selected from 25° C. to 3,000° C. so that said halogenated aromatic molecules are merged or fused into larger aromatic molecules and optionally heat-treating said larger molecules at a second temperature, higher than the first temperature, selected from 300° C. to 3,200° C. to form graphene domains dispersed in a disordered matrix of carbon or hydrocarbon molecules, wherein said graphene domains are each composed of from 1 to 30 planes of hexagonal carbon atoms or fused aromatic rings having a length or width from 5 nm to 35 μm and, in the situations wherein there are 2-30 planes in a graphene domain, having an inter-graphene space between two planes of hexagonal carbon atoms or fused aromatic rings no less than 0.34 nm; andc) separating and isolating said planes of hexagonal carbon atoms or fused aromatic rings to recover graphene sheets from said ...

Methods and Apparatus for Transfer of Films Among Substrates

A method is disclosed which includes: forming at least one layer of material on at least part of a surface of a first substrate, wherein a first surface of the at least one layer of material is in contact with the first substrate thereby defining an interface; attaching a second substrate to a second surface of the at least one layer of material; forming bubbles at the interface; and applying mechanical force; whereby the second substrate and the at least one layer of material are jointly separated from the first substrate. Related arrangements are also described.

GRAPHITE MATERIAL FOR NEGATIVE ELECTRODE OF LITHIUM ION SECONDARY CELL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

A graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary cell disclosed herein is substantially configured of a graphite particle in which defects enabling intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions have been formed on a basal plane and which includes a calcium (Ca) component. 1. A graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary cell ,the graphite material being substantially configured of a graphite particle in which defects enabling intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions have been formed on a basal plane and which includes a calcium (Ca) component.2. The graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary cell according to claim 1 , wherein the calcium component is present in the graphite particle in an amount such that the amount of calcium is 0.5 mg/mor more and 15 mg/mor less with respect to a specific surface area of the graphite particle.3. The graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary cell according to claim 1 , wherein calcium carbonate is included as the calcium component.4. A lithium ion secondary cell comprising a negative electrode and a positive electrode claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a graphite material being substantially configured of a graphite particle in which defects enabling intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions have been formed on a basal plane and which includes a calcium (Ca) component.5. The lithium ion secondary cell according to claim 4 , wherein the calcium component is present in the graphite particle in an amount such that the amount of calcium is 0.5 mg/mor more and 15 mg/mor less with respect to a specific surface area of the graphite particle.6. The lithium ion secondary cell according to claim 4 , wherein calcium carbonate is included as the calcium component.7. A method for producing a graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary cell claim 4 , the method comprising:supplying a calcium- ...

Somatic Cell-Based Electrical Biosensor

A biosensor having somatic cells immobilized on an electrode formed from a biologically inert material for sensing transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance is provided. The biosensor includes a working electrode formed from gold, graphene, carbon nanotube, or alloys or combinations thereof, having somatic cells formed directly thereon. With such a configuration, a very small sample size may be used while still eliciting an electrical response in the presence of a target composition. 1. A biosensor for detecting transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance comprising ,at least one substrate;a working electrode formed on at least a portion of the at least one substrate, the working electrode comprising a biologically inert material; anda reference electrode formed on the at least one substrate;wherein somatic cells are immobilized on at least a portion of the working electrode;and wherein the biosensor is configured to detect a first resistance measurement and a second resistance measurement, wherein the somatic cells are immobilized on the working electrode during both the first resistance measurement and the second resistance measurement.2. The biosensor according to claim 1 , wherein the working electrode is formed on a first substrate and the reference electrode is formed on a second substrate.3. The biosensor according to claim 2 , wherein the somatic cells comprise spino-cerebral endothelial cells.4. The biosensor according to claim 1 , wherein the biologically inert material is gold claim 1 , graphene claim 1 , or carbon nanotube.5. The biosensor according to claim 4 , wherein the substrate comprises glass claim 4 , silicone claim 4 , or a polymer.6. The biosensor according to claim 1 , further comprising a case.7. The biosensor according to claim 6 , wherein at least a portion of the case is transparent.8. The biosensor according to claim 7 , wherein at least a portion of the working electrode is transparent.9. The biosensor according ...

Magnetic Graphene

A patterned magnetic graphene made from the steps of transferring or growing a graphene film on a substrate, functionalizing the graphene film, hydrogenating the graphene film and forming fully hydrogenated graphene, manipulating the extent of the hydrogen content by using an electron beam from a scanning electron microscope to selectively remove hydrogen, wherein the step of selectively removing hydrogen occurs under a vacuum, and forming areas of magnetic graphene and non-magnetic graphene. A ferromagnetic graphene film comprising film that has a thickness of less than two atom layers thick. 1. A patterned magnetic graphene made from the steps of:transferring or growing a graphene film on a substrate;functionalizing the graphene film;hydrogenating the graphene film and forming fully hydrogenated graphene;manipulating the extent of the hydrogen content by using an electron beam from a scanning electron microscope to selectively remove hydrogen, wherein the step of selectively removing hydrogen occurs under a vacuum; andforming areas of magnetic graphene and non-magnetic graphene.2. The patterned magnetic graphene of claim 1 , wherein the step of forming areas of magnetic graphene and non-magnetic graphene comprise the steps of forming an area of fully hydrogenated graphene claim 1 , forming an area of partially hydrogenated graphene claim 1 , and forming an area of graphene.3. The method of making patterned magnetic graphene of claim 2 , wherein the area of highly hydrogenated graphene is non-magnetic and the area of graphene is non-magnetic and the area of partially hydrogenated graphene is magnetic.4. The patterned magnetic graphene of wherein the step of manipulating the extent of the hydrogen content comprises using heat or pressure.5. The patterned magnetic graphene of wherein the step of hydrogenating the graphene film comprises reacting the graphene film with anhydrous liquid ammonia and lithium.6. The patterned magnetic graphene of wherein the graphene film ...

PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR HIGHLY CONDUCTING AND ORIENTED GRAPHENE FILM

A process for producing a highly conducting film of conductor-bonded graphene sheets that are highly oriented, comprising: (a) preparing a graphene dispersion or graphene oxide (GO) gel; (b) depositing the dispersion or gel onto a supporting solid substrate under a shear stress to form a wet layer; (c) drying the wet layer to form a dried layer having oriented graphene sheets or GO molecules with an inter-planar spacing dof 0.4 nm to 1.2 nm; (d) heat treating the dried layer at a temperature from 55° C. to 3,200° C. for a desired length of time to produce a porous graphitic film having pores and constituent graphene sheets or a 3D network of graphene pore walls having an inter-planar spacing dless than 0.4 nm; and (e) impregnating the porous graphitic film with a conductor material that bonds the constituent graphene sheets or graphene pore walls to form the conducting film. 1. A composite film of conductor-bonded oriented graphene sheets comprising a matrix of porous graphitic film having pores and constituent graphene sheets having an inter-planar spacing dfrom 0.3354 nm to 0.4 nm , wherein said porous graphitic film has chemically bonded graphene planes that are all essentially oriented parallel to one another; and a metal conductor material bonded to said porous graphitic film , wherein said composite film comprises a continuous network of electron-conducting and phonon-conducting pathways.2. The composite film of claim 1 , wherein said metal conductor material is selected from the group consisting of Ti claim 1 , V claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Cd claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Pt claim 1 , W claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , In claim 1 , Pb claim 1 , Bi claim 1 , alloys thereof claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The composite film of claim 1 , having a thermal conductivity from 1 claim 1 ,000 W/mK to 1 claim 1 ,750 W/mK.4. The composite film of ...

LASER INDUCED GRAPHENE HYBRID MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONIC DEVICES

In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of producing a graphene hybrid material by exposing a graphene precursor material to a laser source to form a laser-induced graphene, where the laser-induced graphene is derived from the graphene precursor material. The methods of the present disclosure also include a step of associating a pseudocapacitive material (e.g., a conducting polymer or a metal oxide) with the laser-induced graphene to form the graphene hybrid material. The formed graphene hybrid material can become embedded with or separated from the graphene precursor material. The graphene hybrid materials can also be utilized as components of an electronic device, such as electrodes in a microsupercapacitor. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to the aforementioned graphene hybrid materials and electronic devices. 1. A method of producing a graphene hybrid material , said method comprising:exposing a graphene precursor material to a laser source to form a laser-induced graphene, wherein the laser-induced graphene is derived from the graphene precursor material; andassociating a pseudocapacitive material with the laser-induced graphene.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene precursor material comprises a polymer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polymer films claim 2 , polymer monoliths claim 2 , polymer powders claim 2 , polymer blocks claim 2 , optically transparent polymers claim 2 , homopolymers claim 2 , vinyl polymers claim 2 , block co-polymers claim 2 , carbonized polymers claim 2 , aromatic polymers claim 2 , cyclic polymers claim 2 , doped polymers claim 2 , polyimide (PI) claim 2 , polyetherimide (PEI) claim 2 , polyether ether ketone (PEEK) claim 2 , and combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene precursor material is in the form of at least one of sheets claim 1 , films claim 1 , thin films claim 1 , pellets claim 1 , ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE FROM COAL

A method of preparing graphene from coal can include thermally processing raw coal and, after the coal has been at least partially cooled from thermal processing, forming reduced graphene oxide from the coal. 1. A method of producing reduced graphene oxide from coal , the method comprising:thermally processing coal at a temperature of at least about 300° F.;oxidizing the thermally processed coal to form coal oxide; andforming reduced graphene oxide from the coal oxide, the reduced graphene oxide comprising a predetermined concentration of less than about 15 atomic % of one or more impurity atoms.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming reduced graphene oxide from the coal oxide comprises:centrifuging the coal oxide;collecting precipitate from the coal oxide after centrifuging, the precipitate comprising graphene oxide; andreducing the graphene oxide to form reduced graphene oxide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein oxidizing the coal to form a coal oxide comprises mixing the coal with at least one of sulfuric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , or potassium permanganate claim 1 , or hydrogen peroxide to form the coal oxide.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein mixing the coal with at least one of sulfuric acid claim 3 , nitric acid claim 3 , potassium permanganate claim 3 , or hydrogen peroxide to form the coal oxide comprises:mixing the coal with at least one of sulfuric acid and nitric acid;stirring the coal mixed with at least one of the sulfuric acid and the nitric acid;mixing potassium permanganate to the coal mixed with at least one of the sulfuric acid and the nitric acid;stirring the coal mixed with the potassium permanganate and at least one of the sulfuric acid and the nitric acid;diluting, with water, the coal mixed with the potassium permanganate and at least one of the sulfuric acid and the nitric acid to form a solution;mixing the solution with hydrogen peroxide;performing a first centrifugation of the solution mixed with the hydrogen peroxide; andafter ...

METALLIC CARBON QUANTUM WIRE FROM SELF-ASSEMBLED ALPHALTENE

The present disclosure is related to a method of fabricating a stacked nanographene structure which is assembled into quantum wires or ribbons. While it has been demonstrated that nanowires can be fabricated from various raw carbon materials including PAHs, research and industry has not produced a self-assembled nanowire produced from asphaltene materials that exhibits a metallic character and electronic structure. The following methods and materials can be used to produce new class of materials consisting of a self-assembled quantum wire out of asphaltene. 1. Method of producing a one-dimensional self-assembled molecular wire comprising depositing a dilute thermally activated asphaltene solution on a target location of a substrate under conditions for molecular wire self-assembly.2. The method of claim 1 , where molecular wire is formed by drop-coating.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the asphaltene solution comprises an aromatic based solvent.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the aromatic based solvent is chlorobenzene.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dilute asphaltene solution comprises 0.001 claim 1 , 0.005 claim 1 , 0.01 claim 1 , 0.05 to 0.5 mg/ml asphaltene.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dilute asphaltene solution comprises 0.005 mg/ml asphaltene.7. The method of claim 1 , the thermally activated asphaltene is prepared by heating asphaltene in the absence of air.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the asphaltene discotic liquid crystals are heated to 350 to 600° C.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the asphaltene discotic liquid crystals are heated to about 500° C.10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the asphaltene is heated for 1 to 60 minutes.11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the asphaltene is heated for about 10 minutes.12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the asphaltene are produced from mesophase pitch by (a) extracting crude oil with n-alkane; (b) filtering the n-alkane; (c) dissolving the retentate in toluene forming a toluene solution; ...

DISPLAY PANEL, DISPLAY DEVICE AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF

The present disclosure provides a display panel, a display device and a fabrication method thereof. The display panel includes: a first substrate, an opposing substrate opposite to the first substrate, a frame sealant area arranged on edges of the first substrate and edges of the opposing substrate, and a connection part connecting the first substrate with the opposing substrate in the frame sealant area, where the connection part is provided with graphenes for transmitting a first electrical signal of the first substrate to the opposing substrate or for transmitting a second electrical signal of the opposing substrate to the first substrate. 1. A display panel , comprising: a first substrate , an opposing substrate opposite to the first substrate , a frame sealant area arranged on edges of the first substrate and edges of the opposing substrate , and a connection part connecting the first substrate with the opposing substrate in the frame sealant area; the connection part is provided with graphenes for transmitting a first electrical signal of the first substrate to the opposing substrate or for transmitting a second electrical signal of the opposing substrate to the first substrate.2. The display panel of claim 1 , wherein the first substrate is a color film substrate provided with a common electrode claim 1 , the opposing substrate is an array substrate claim 1 , and the graphenes are used to transmit a common voltage signal of the array substrate to the common electrode of the color film substrate.3. The display panel of claim 2 , wherein the connection part is distributed in whole frame sealant area claim 2 , and the graphenes are mixed in the connection part.4. The display panel of claim 2 , wherein a plurality of connection parts are arranged in the frame sealant area claim 2 , wherein each of the plurality of connection parts comprises a matrix and graphenes mixed in the matrix claim 2 , and the plurality of connection parts are spaced with each other and ...

LITHIUM SILICATE CATHODES FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES

An improved nanocomposite cathode material for lithium-ion batteries and method of making the same. The nanocomposite cathode material includes lithium iron silicate based nanoparticles with a conductive matrix of graphene sheets. The nanoparticles may be doped with at least one anion or cation. 1. An electrode material comprising:a conductive matrix comprising a plurality of graphene sheets;a plurality of lithium iron silicate based nanoparticles coupled to the conductive matrix.2. The material of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles include at least one dopant claim 1 , the nanoparticles having the formula:{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '1−d', 'c', '4−b', 'a, 'LiFeYSiOX'} X=an anion dopant;', 'Y=a cation dopant;', 'a≥0;', 'b=f(a)', 'c≥0; and', 'd=f(c)., 'wherein3. The material of claim 2 , wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: fluorine claim 2 , chlorine claim 2 , and bromine.4. The material of claim 2 , wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of: titanium claim 2 , manganese claim 2 , copper claim 2 , terbium claim 2 , niobium claim 2 , and molybdenum.5. The material of claim 2 , wherein a>0 and c>0.6. The material of claim 2 , wherein a>c.7. The material of claim 2 , wherein:an anion doping ratio of X to oxygen is about 0% to about 10% by weight; anda cation doping ratio of Y to iron is about 0% to about 10% by weight.8. The material of claim 2 , wherein:X is fluorine; andb=a/2.9. The material of claim 2 , wherein:Y is manganese or copper; andd=c.10. The material of claim 2 , wherein:Y is niobium; andd=2.5c.11. The material of claim 1 , wherein the material comprises about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % of the graphene sheets.12. The material of claim 11 , wherein the material comprises about 2 wt. % of the graphene sheets.13. A battery comprising an electrode with the material of .14. The battery of claim 13 , wherein the battery is configured for use in a portable electronic device claim 13 , an electric vehicle claim 13 , or an energy storage device. ...

Flexible graphene film and preparation method thereof

The present invention discloses a flexible graphene film and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method includes steps of placing a liquid graphene oxide film in a poor solvent, performing gelation, and drying a graphene oxide gel film. The graphene film has an excellent flexibility, a crystallinity of lower than 60% and an elongation at break of 15-50%, wherein no crease is remained after the flexible graphene film is repeatedly folded more than 100,000 times. The preparation method of the graphene film provided by the present invention controls the macroscopic properties of the graphene film by microscopically controlling the morphology of the graphene monolith, and can significantly improve the flexibility of the graphene film. It can significantly improve the flexibility of the graphene film. The process is simple and easy to be popularized, and has potential applications in flexible electronic devices and the like. 1. A flexible graphene film , which comprises multiple folded graphene oxide sheets which are lapped with each other , or comprises multiple folded graphene sheets which are lapped with each other , wherein a crystallinity of the flexible graphene film is lower than 60%.2. A preparation method of a flexible graphene oxide film , which comprises steps of:(S1) dispersing graphene oxide in a good solvent, obtaining a graphene oxide solution with a concentration in a range of 5-20 mg/mL, performing scraping-film, and obtaining a liquid graphene oxide film;(S2) immersing the liquid graphene oxide film in a poor solvent for 2 to 24 h, performing gelation, and obtaining a graphene oxide gel film; and(S3) drying the graphene oxide gel film, and obtaining the flexible graphene oxide film.38-. (canceled)9. The preparation method of the flexible graphene oxide film claim 2 , as recited in claim 2 , wherein: in the step of (S1) claim 2 , the good solvent is at least one member selected from a group consisting of N claim 2 ,N-dimethylformamide claim 2 , ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING GRAPHENE

A method of producing graphene sheets comprising the steps of, (a) forming a carbonaceous powder by electrochemical erosion of a graphite electrode in a molten salt comprising hydrogen ions, (b) recovering the resulting carbonaceous powder from the molten salt liquid, and (c) thermally treating the carbonaceous powder by heating the carbonaceous powder in a non-oxidising atmosphere to produce a thermally treated powder comprising graphene sheets. 1. A method of producing graphene sheets comprising the steps of ,(a) forming a carbonaceous powder by electrochemical erosion of a graphite electrode in a molten salt comprising hydrogen ions,(b) recovering the resulting carbonaceous powder from the molten salt liquid, and(c) thermally treating the carbonaceous powder by heating the carbonaceous powder in a non-oxidising atmosphere to produce a thermally treated powder comprising graphene sheets.2. A method according to in which the molten salt comprises a halide salt of lithium claim 1 , sodium or potassium.3. A method according to in which the temperature of the molten salt during the electrochemical erosion of the graphite electrode is greater than 800° C.4. A method according to in which the molten salt and the carbonaceous powder is recovered from the molten salt by a process comprising steps of cooling and solidifying the molten salt claim 1 , and washing the solidified salt from the carbonaceous powder.5. A method according to further comprising the step of vacuum filtration of the washed carbonaceous material.6. A method according to in which the carbonaceous powder comprises a metal hydride compound prior to the step of thermal treatment claim 1 , for example lithium hydride claim 1 , the metal species in the metal hydride being derived from the molten salt.7. A method according to in which the carbonaceous powder is thermally treated by heating to a temperature of greater than 1 claim 1 ,000° C. claim 1 , for example to 1250° C.+/−50° C. claim 1 , in a reducing ...

AN OPTICAL DEVICE AND A METHOD OF FORMING AN OPTICAL DEVICE

Described herein is an optical device that is arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation and a method of forming an optical device. In one embodiment, the optical device comprises an optical fibre that is arranged to transmit electromagnetic radiation between a source of electromagnetic radiation and an area of interest of a sample material. The optical device also comprises an optical element coupled to an end portion of the optical fibre. The optical element comprises a graphene lens that is arranged to focus the electromagnetic radiation transmitted by the optical fibre to a focal region within the area of interest of the sample material. 1. An optical device that is arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation , the optical device comprising:an optical fibre that is arranged to transmit electromagnetic radiation between a source of electromagnetic radiation and an area of interest of a sample material; andan optical element coupled to an end-portion of the optical fibre, the optical element comprising a graphene lens that is arranged to focus the electromagnetic radiation transmitted by the optical fibre to a focal region within the area of interest of the sample material.2. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the optical device is further arranged to receive electromagnetic radiation that interacted with the area of interest of the sample material.3. The optical device of claim 2 , wherein the optical element is arranged to receive electromagnetic radiation that interacted with the area of interest of the sample material and the optical fibre is further arranged to transmit the electromagnetic radiation received by the optical element.4. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the optical element is formed on the end-portion of the optical fibre.5. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the optical element is attached to the end-portion of the optical fibre.6. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the optical fibre comprises a multi-mode optical fibre and ...

Photoelectronic device using hybrid structure of silica nano particles - graphene quantum dots and method of manufacturing the same

Disclosed are a photoelectronic device using a hybrid structure of silica nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots and a method of manufacturing the same. The photoelectronic device according to the present disclosure has a hybrid structure including graphene quantum dots (GODs) bonded to surfaces of silica nanoparticles (SNPs), thereby increasing energy transfer efficiency.

THERMO-CHEMICAL PROCESSING OF COAL VIA SOLVENT EXTRACTION

Described herein are integrated thermochemical processes for the deliberate decomposition, extraction and conversion of coal into high-value products and goods via solvent extraction, chemical reaction and/or separation. The described systems and methods are versatile and may be used to generate a variety of intermediate, derivative and finished high value products including chemicals (aromatics, asphaltenes, naphthalenes, phenols and precursors for the production of polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters, graphitic materials), polymer composite products (resins, paints, coatings, adhesives), agricultural materials, building materials, carbon fiber, graphene products and other materials that are substantially more valuable that the energy generated via combustion. 1. A method of processing a coal-based feed stock to make a high value product , said method comprising:a. providing said coal-based feedstock, wherein said coal-based feedstock is at least partially derived from coal;b. contacting said coal-based feedstock with one or more solvents under solvent treatment conditions for generating a soluble phase product and a remainder insoluble phase product; andc. fractionating said soluble phase product generating at least two fractions under conditions such that at least one of said fractionated products is said high value product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said coal-based feedstock is at least partially derived from subbituminous coal or a derivative thereof.3. The method of any of - claim 1 , wherein said coal-based feedstock is generated by thermal treatment of coal or a derivative thereof.4. The method of any of - claim 1 , wherein said coal-based feedstock is generated by mechanical processing of coal or a derivative thereof.5. The method of any of - claim 1 , wherein said contacting step comprises extracting said coal-based feedstock with said one or more solvents claim 1 , chemically reacting said coal-based feedstock with said one or more solvents or ...

Surface graphenization of a metallic or metallized reinforcement by flame spray pyrolysis

A process for depositing, with forward progression, graphene on the surface of a metallic or metallized continuous reinforcer, at the periphery of which is positioned a layer of surface metal chosen from copper, nickel and copper/nickel alloys, comprises at least one stage of flame spray pyrolysis (“FSP”), under a reducing atmosphere, of a carbon precursor which generates, in the flame, at least one carbon-based gas such as carbon monoxide which is sprayed onto the surface of the reinforcer in forward progression, and is decomposed thereon to form one or more graphene layers at the surface of the surface metal; an additional stage of graphene functionalization makes it possible to adhere the reinforcer to a polymer matrix such as rubber.

METHODS OF FABRICATING LASER-INDUCED GRAPHENE AND COMPOSITIONS THEREOF

Methods that expand the properties of laser-induced graphene (LIG) and the resulting LIG having the expanded properties. Methods of fabricating laser-induced graphene from materials, which range from natural, renewable precursors (such as cloth or paper) to high performance polymers (like Kevlar). With multiple lasing, however, highly conductive PEI-based LIG could be obtained using both multiple pass and defocus methods. The resulting laser-induced graphene can be used, inter alia, in electronic devices, as antifouling surfaces, in water treatment technology, in membranes, and in electronics on paper and food Such methods include fabrication of LIG in controlled atmospheres, such that, for example, superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic LIG surfaces can be obtained. Such methods further include fabricating laser-induced graphene by multiple lasing of carbon precursors. Such methods further include direct 3D printing of graphene materials from carbon precurors. Application of such LIG include oil/water separation, liquid or gas separations using polymer membranes, anti-icing, microsupercapacitors, supercapacitors, water splitting catalysts, sensors, and flexible electronics. 170-. (canceled)71. A method comprising irradiating a material comprising an aromatic polysulfone with a laser to form laser-induced graphene on the surface of the material comprising the aromatic polysulfone.72. The method of claim 71 , wherein the aromatic polysulfone is selected from a group consisting of polysulfone claim 71 , polyethersulfone claim 71 , and polyphenylsulfone.73. The method of further comprising a step of separating the laser-induced graphene from the material.7476-. (canceled)77. A method of treating a surface prone to the formation of biofilm claim 71 , wherein the method comprises(a) applying a carbon precursor onto the surface to form a carbon precursor-coated surface; and(b) laser-irradiating the carbon precursors-coated surface to form graphene thereon7879-. (canceled) ...

METHOD FOR CONTINUOUSLY PRODUCING GRAPHENE AEROGEL MICROSPHERES

Provided is a method for continuously producing graphene aerogel microspheres, including mixing graphene oxide and water to form a graphene oxide dispersion, mixing the dispersion and an alkali metal hydroxide, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture to obtain a liquid crystal solution of graphene oxide; placing the liquid crystal solution into a slurry supply apparatus, and pressurizing the slurry supply apparatus by a pressure supply apparatus while feeding the liquid crystal solution into a calcium chloride coagulation bath by a splitter, to obtain graphene oxide microspheres; placing the graphene oxide microspheres into a solution of sodium ascorbate, and letting the reaction proceed to obtain wet gel microspheres of graphene; and treating the wet gel microspheres of graphene to obtain graphene aerogel microspheres. 1. A method for continuously producing graphene aerogel microspheres , which comprises:(1) mixing graphene oxide and water to form a graphene oxide dispersion the concentration of graphene oxide in which is 3-20 mg/ml, mixing the dispersion and an alkali metal hydroxide, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture to obtain a liquid crystal solution of graphene oxide;(2) placing the liquid crystal solution into a slurry supply apparatus, and pressurizing the slurry supply apparatus by a pressure supply apparatus while feeding the liquid crystal solution into a calcium chloride coagulation bath by a splitter, to obtain graphene oxide microspheres after a standstill of 5-30 min;(3) placing the graphene oxide microspheres into a solution of sodium ascorbate, and letting the reaction proceed at 60-90° C. for 5-25 hr, to obtain wet gel microspheres of graphene; and(4) treating the wet gel microspheres of graphene to obtain graphene aerogel microspheres.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (1) claim 1 , the concentration of graphene oxide in the graphene oxide dispersion is 5-10 mg/ml claim 1 , and the alkali metal hydroxide is 0.1-3 wt % ...

LOW-VISCOSITY GRAPHENE OXIDE SLURRY AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, AND GRAPHENE OXIDE FILM AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

Provided are a low-viscosity graphene oxide slurry and a preparation method thereof, a graphene oxide film and a preparation method thereof, and a graphene heat-conducting film and a preparation method thereof. A main method used comprises ultramicro-refining graphene oxide under high-pressure shearing, high-speed impacting and a strong cavitation action to reduce a flake diameter of the graphene oxide, thereby reducing a viscosity of the graphene oxide slurry and increasing a solid content of the graphene oxide slurry, so that an efficiency of coating the graphene oxide slurry into the graphene oxide film is improved. 110-. (canceled)11. A preparation method of a low-viscosity graphene oxide slurry , wherein graphene oxide is mixed with a solvent , dispersed and ultramicro-refined to reduce an average flake diameter of the graphene oxide , so that the low-viscosity graphene oxide slurry is obtained; the method of ultramicro-refining comprises applying pressure to a mixture of the graphene oxide and the solvent , enabling the mixture to pass through a slit , subjecting the mixture to high-pressure shearing and high-speed impacting in a process of passing through the slit , and generating a strong cavitation action due to instantaneous release of pressure energy after passing through the slit; wherein the pressure applied in ultramicro-refining is 50-250 MPa.12. The preparation method of the low-viscosity graphene oxide slurry according to claim 11 , wherein the graphene oxide is prepared by a Hummers method.13. The preparation method of the low-viscosity graphene oxide slurry according to claim 11 , wherein a molar ratio of oxygen to carbon in the graphene oxide is 0.6-0.7.14. The preparation method of the low-viscosity graphene oxide slurry according to claim 11 , wherein the solvent is water.15. The preparation method of the low-viscosity graphene oxide slurry according to claim 11 , wherein a linear velocity of the dispersing is 2-20 m/s.16. The preparation ...

PREPARATION OF GRAPHENE OXIDE AEROGEL BEADS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF

Graphene oxide aerogel beads (GOABs) are formed that have a core/shell structure where a smooth shell covers a multi-layer core. The smooth shell and the layers of the multilayer core comprise graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide. The GOABs can include a phase-change material encapsulated within the multi-layer core. The GOABs can be combined or decorated with FeOnanoparticles or MoSmicroflakes for various applications. The GOABs are formed from aqueous slurries of graphene oxide that is extruded as drops into an aqueous solution of a coagulant where GOABs are formed. The GOABs are washed and freeze dried, after which, the GOABs can be reduced as desired by chemical or thermal means. Impregnation can be carried out with the phase-change material. 1. Graphene oxide aerogel beads (GOABs); comprising a core/shell structure having a smooth shell and a multi-layer core , where the smooth shell and the layers of the multilayer core comprise graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide and where the layers of the multilayer core are separated by about 1-50 μm.2. The GOABs according to claim 1 , wherein the GOABs are 0.1 to 10 mm average diameter.3. The GOABs according to claim 1 , further comprising a phase-change material encapsulated within the multi-layer core.4. The GOABs according to claim 3 , wherein the phase-change material is a wax.5. The GOABs according to claim 4 , wherein the wax is tetradecanol.6. The GOABs according to claim 1 , further comprising FeOnanoparticles.7. The GOABs according to claim 1 , further comprising MoSmicroflakes.8. A method of preparing GOABs according to claim 1 , comprising:providing an aqueous slurry of graphene oxide;extruding drops into a coagulation bath containing an aqueous solution of a coagulant wherein the GOABs are formed;separating the GOABs from the coagulation bath;washing the GOABs with water;freeze drying the GOABs; and, optionally,reducing the graphene oxide of the GOABS.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING THREE-DIMENSIONAL GRAPHENE STRUCTURE AND ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE

A method for preparing a three-dimensional graphene structure, and an energy storage device are provided, the method including forming a graphene precursor by heating a carbohydrate and a gas generator, forming a graphene structure having a cavity therein by carbonizing the graphene precursor, and forming nanopores in the graphene structure, wherein the nanopores pass through an outer surface and an inner surface of the graphene structure, and are connected with the cavity. 1. A method for preparing a three-dimensional graphene structure , the method comprising:forming a graphene precursor by heating a carbohydrate and a gas generator;forming a graphene structure having a cavity therein by carbonizing the graphene precursor; andforming nanopores in the graphene structure, wherein the nanopores pass through an outer surface and an inner surface of the graphene structure, and are connected with the cavity.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the nanopores includes:forming a mixture by adding an activating agent to the graphene structure; andheat treating the mixture.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the activating agent includes at least one among potassium hydroxide (KOH) claim 2 , sodium hydroxide claim 2 , phosphoric acid (HPO) claim 2 , and zinc chloride (ZnCl).4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the heat treatment of the mixture is carried out at temperature conditions of about 600° C. to 1000° C.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the forming of the nanopores further includes providing a reaction gas on the graphene structure at temperature conditions of 600° C. to 1000° C.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the nanopores includes providing a reaction gas on the graphene structure.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein:the reaction gas is provided on the graphene structure at temperature conditions of 600° C. to 1000° C.; and{'sub': '2', 'the reaction gas includes carbon dioxide (CO).'}8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the carbonization of ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE OXIDE PRODUCTS AND USES THEREOF

Provided is a process for producing graphene oxide (GO) product including forming a reaction mixture including graphite-based precursor and an oxidizing effective amount of an oxygenation agent including a complex of hypofluorous acid (HOF) and an organic solvent (HOF⋅organic solvent) and mixing the reaction mixture for a time sufficient to cause oxidation of the graphite based precursor. Further provided are products including the GO obtainable by the process or graphene products obtainable therefrom, as well as articles of manufacture including the same. 127.-. (canceled)28. A process for producing graphene oxide (GO) product comprising forming a reaction mixture comprising graphite-based precursor and an oxidizing effective amount of an oxygenation agent comprising a complex of hypofluorous acid (HOF) and an organic solvent (HOF⋅organic solvent) and mixing the reaction mixture for a time sufficient to cause oxidation of said graphite based precursor.29. The process of claim 28 , wherein said organic solvent is an organic nitrile.30. The process of claim 29 , wherein said organic nitrile is a compound of formula R—CN claim 29 , wherein R is an organic moiety selected from —C-Calkyl claim 29 , —C-Calkenyl claim 29 , —CHNH claim 29 , —C-Ccycloalkyl claim 29 , —C-Caryl.31. The process of claim 30 , wherein said organic nitrile is acetonitrile and the complex has the formula HOF.CHCN.32. The process of claim 28 , wherein said graphite-based precursor is selected from the group consisting of graphite claim 28 , expanded graphite claim 28 , graphene claim 28 , graphene nanosheets claim 28 , carbon black claim 28 , and graphite oxide.33. The process of claim 28 , wherein said mixing is at a temperature of between 20° C. to 30° C.34. The process of claim 28 , wherein said oxygenation agent comprises HOF.CHCN complex in water.35. The process of claim 28 , comprising preparing said HOF⋅organic solvent complex prior to mixing with graphite based precursor claim 28 , said ...

PROCESS, REACTOR AND SYSTEM FOR FABRICATION OF FREE-STANDING TWO-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to a process, reactor and system to produce self-standing two-dimensional nanostructures, using a microwave-excited plasma environment. The process is based on injecting, into a reactor, a mixture of gases and precursors in stream regime. The stream is subjected to a surface wave electric field, excited by the use of microwave power which is introduced into a field applicator, generating high energy density plasmas, that break the precursors into its atomic and/or molecular constituents. The system comprises a plasma reactor with a surface wave launching zone, a transient zone with a progressively increasing cross-sectional area, and a nucleation zone. The plasma reactor together with an infrared radiation source provides a controlled adjustment of the spatial gradients, of the temperature and the gas stream velocity. 1. A process for producing self-standing two-dimensional nanostructures , characterized in that it comprises the steps of:(a) producing a stream of a mixture of at least one inert gas and at least one precursor,(b) decomposing the precursor, of the stream of previous step, into its atomic and molecular constituents by means of a microwave plasma,(c) exposing the precursor constituents formed in the previous step to infrared radiation and, subsequently,(d) collecting the nanostructures resulting from the nucleation of precursor constituents.2. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of submitting the precursor constituents to ultraviolet radiation in step c).3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the ultraviolet radiation is generated by an ultraviolet radiation source operating in a power range comprised between 50 W to 3000 W claim 2 , preferably between 100 W to 2500 W claim 2 , more preferably between 150 W to 2000 W claim 2 , most preferably between 200 W to 1500 W.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises claim 1 , between step a) and step b) claim 1 , a ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL CARBON STRUCTURE

The present invention is directed to a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional carbon structure. The method requires graphene layers and/or graphene oxide layers. The layers can be provided such that they correspond to the cross-section of a pre-defined shape. In this regard, the method of the present invention can be employed to manufacture a three-dimensional carbon structure having a custom shape. 1. A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional carbon structure , the method comprising:providing a first graphene oxide layer,converting at least a portion of the first graphene oxide layer to provide a first graphene layer,providing a second graphene oxide layer on the first graphene layer, the first graphene oxide layer, or a combination thereof,converting at least a portion of the second graphene oxide layer to provide a second graphene layer,exposing the first graphene layer and the second graphene layer to a gas comprising hydrogen.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first graphene oxide layer is provided on a metal substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal substrate comprises a transition metal.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal substrate comprises platinum claim 2 , iron claim 2 , or nickel.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal substrate comprises platinum.6. The method of claim 2 , further comprising a step of removing the metal substrate from the three-dimensional carbon structure.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first graphene layer is provided on a non-metal substrate.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the steps of converting is performed with a laser.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the steps of converting is performed via gamma ray irradiation or UV irradiation.10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising a step of removing any unconverted graphene oxide.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the structure contains a contaminant.12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the ...

Iodine doped bismuthyl carbonate nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide modified carbon nanofiber composites, preparation method and application thereof

Iodine doped bismuthyl carbonate nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide modified carbon nanofiber composites, preparation method and its application in wastewater treatment are disclosed. Bismuth citrate and sodium carbonate as precursors, sodium carbonate as a precipitating agent, dispersed in a mixed solution of water and ethylene glycol, sodium iodide as a iodine source, nano carbon fiber membrane act as the carrier, to synthesis carbon fiber membrane that modified by iodine-doped Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 nanosheets; then sodium molybdate and thioacetamide as precursors, dispersed in water to react to obtain iodine doped bismuthyl carbonate nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide modified carbon nanofiber composites. The composite material synthesized through a series of steps exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B and can be recycled for many times. And this invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy recovery and multiple use, etc., and has industrial application prospect in water pollution treatment.

GRAPHENE FLOWER AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME AND COMPOSITE MATERIAL

A method of forming graphene flower is provided, which includes introducing a hydrocarbon gas and an assistance gas into transformer-coupled plasma equipment, and providing a medium-frequency electromagnetic wave to the hydrocarbon gas and the assistance gas by the transformer-coupled plasma equipment to dissociate the hydrocarbon gas, and the dissociated hydrocarbon gas is re-combined to form the graphene flower, wherein the hydrocarbon gas is dissociated at a ratio of greater than 95%. 1. A method of forming a graphene flower , comprising:introducing a hydrocarbon gas and an assistance gas into a transformer-coupled plasma equipment; andproviding a medium-frequency electromagnetic wave to the hydrocarbon gas and the assistance gas by the transformer coupled plasma equipment to dissociate the hydrocarbon gas, and the dissociated hydrocarbon gas is re-combined to form the graphene flower,wherein the hydrocarbon gas is dissociated at a ratio of greater than 95%,wherein the medium frequency electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 100 kHz to 3 MHz.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon gas is introduced at a flow rate of 0.05 slm to 25 slm.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the assistance gas is introduced at a flow rate of 1 slm to 50 slm.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a flow rate of the hydrocarbon gas and a flow rate of the assistance gas have a ratio of 1:20 to 1:2.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon gas comprises methane claim 1 , ethylene claim 1 , acetylene claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the assistance gas comprises argon claim 1 , helium claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon gas and the assistance gas in the transformer-coupled plasma equipment have a pressure of 0.1 torr to 20 torr.8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the step of providing the medium- ...

Porous Graphene Preparation Method

Provided is a porous graphene preparation method, comprising: under the function of a catalyst, conducting catalytic treatment on a biomass carbon source to obtain a first intermediate product, the catalyst comprising one or more of chlorides of manganese, iron compounds, cobalt compounds and nickel compounds; under protective gas condition, heating the first intermediate product from a first temperature to a second temperature and holding to obtain a second intermediate product; heating the second intermediate product from the second temperature to a third temperature and holding to obtain a third intermediate product; heating the third intermediate product from the third temperature to a fourth temperature and holding to obtain a fourth intermediate product; and cooling the fourth intermediate product from the fourth temperature to a fifth temperature and holding to obtain porous graphene. The porous graphene prepared via the method of the present invention has better electrical conductivity.

LOW BAND GAP GRAPHENE NANORIBBON ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Various chemical structures of precursors for armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) are disclosed, along with a C method of manufacturing. 1. An N=15 precursor comprising one of either triphenyltriphenylene (TTTP) or a variant of TTTP.5. An N=11 precursor comprising one of either di-biphenyl dibromoperylene (dpbDBP) or variants of dpbDBP.12. An electronic device having a channel between two terminals , wherein the channel comprises a graphene nanoribbon having a width of one of either N=11 or N=15.13. (canceled)14. The electronic device of claim 12 , wherein the graphene nanoribbon has a band gap of 1.0 eV or lower.15. (canceled)16. A method of forming a graphene nanoribbon claim 12 , comprising:depositing a gold film on a substrate;depositing a graphene nanoribbon precursor onto the gold film;polymerizing the precursor to produce polymers;annealing the polymers to cause cyclodehydrogenation of the polymers and form armchair graphene nanoribbons; andetching the gold film to remove the gold film and such that the graphene nanoribbons reside directly on the substrate.17. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the graphene nanoribbon precursor comprises an N=11 precursor.18. The method as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the N=11 precursor comprises one of either di-biphenyl dibromoperylene (dpbDBP) or variants of dpbDBP.19. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the graphene nanoribbon precursor comprises an N=15 precursor.20. The method as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the N=15 precursor comprises one of either triphenyltriphenylene (TTTP) or a variant of TTTP.21. The method as claimed in claim 16 , further comprising forming contacts at either end of the graphene nanoribbon to form an electronic device having the graphene nanoribbon as a channel.22. A method of forming a graphene nanoribbon claim 16 , comprising:depositing a gold film on a temporary substrate;depositing one of either an N=11 or a N=15 graphene nanoribbon precursor onto the gold film; ...

GRAPHENE PRODUCTION BY THE THERMAL RELEASE OF INTRINSIC CARBON

The present invention generally relates to a process for manufacturing graphene coated surfaces using the intrinsic carbon within a metal. 1. A method of forming graphene , comprising: A. an oxygen scavenger; and,', 'B. a growth sample, the growth sample, comprising: a carbon-containing metal;, '(a) applying a vacuum to a furnace, the inside of the furnace comprising(b) introducing a hydrogen-containing gas to the furnace;(c) heating the inside of the furnace to a temperature and for a time sufficient to initiate graphene formation on the carbon-containing metal; and,(d) cooling the furnace.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the growth sample claim 1 , further comprises: a substrate claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing metal is in the form of a plurality of seeds that are in contact with the substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the process claim 2 , further comprises:(e) removing the seeds from the substrate.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing metal is selected from: Fe and Ni.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing metal is carbon steel.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing metal is 1095 steel.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-containing metal is grey steel.8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is selected from: Cu claim 2 , sapphire claim 2 , and Ni on sapphire.9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is Cu.10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is sapphire.11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is Ni on sapphire.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen scavenger is Ti sponge.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum applied is ≤10 mTorr.14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the vacuum applied is 2 mTorr.15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-containing gas is introduced until the pressure of the furnace is from 20-150 mTorr.16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen-containing gas is a forming gas.17. The method of ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING COMPOSITES ON BASIS OF GRAPHENE BONDING

The invention utilizes swelling and fusion effects of graphene oxide in a solvent to implement cross-linked bonding of a graphene material itself and materials such as polymers, metal, paper, glass, carbon materials, and ceramics. The present invention not only overcomes the shortcoming in traditional adhesives of residual formaldehyde, but also has short drying time, high bonding strength and high corrosion resistance. The present invention is widely applied in the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, machinery, construction, chemical, light industry, electronics, electrical appliances, and daily life, etc. 118-. (canceled)19. A method for preparing a highly thermally conductive thick graphene film , wherein the thickness is greater than 50 μm , the porosity is 5-40% , the in-plane thermal conductivity is 1000-2000 W/mK; the pleat density on the graphene sheet is controlled to 50-500 mm/mm2 , and the graphene sheet has few defects and has an ID/TG ratio of <0.02; there is no delamination in the graphene thick film , and the distance between any two adjacent graphene sheets is less than 20 nm graphene; and the preparation method comprises the following steps:(1) formulating graphene oxide having an average size greater than 50 μm into an aqueous graphene oxide solution having a concentration of 1 to 20 mg/mL, and naturally drying after a film is formed from the solution, to obtain a graphene oxide film;(2) laminating a plurality of graphene oxide films specifically by uniformly spraying a liquid on the surface of the graphene oxide films to swell the surface, and then bonding the plurality of graphene oxide films together in the thickness direction;(3) drying the bonded graphene oxide composite film in an oven at a temperature of not higher than 40° C.;(4) transferring the dried graphene oxide composite film to a hot-pressing chamber of a hot press, heating to 200° C. at a ramping rate of 0.1 to 5° C./min and then hot pressing by repeating the following hot- ...

METHOD FOR PRINTING OBJECTS HAVING LASER-INDUCED GRAPHENE (LIG) AND/OR LASER-INDUCED GRAPHENE SCROLLS (LIGS) MATERIALS

Laser-induced graphene (LIG) and laser-induced graphene scrolls (LIGS) materials and, more particularly to LIGS, methods of making LIGS (such as from polyimide (PI)), laser-induced removal of LIG and LIGS, and 3D printing of LIG and LIGS using a laminated object manufacturing (LOM) process. 159-. (canceled)60. A method comprising:(a) selecting a laser-induce material selected from a group consisting of laser-induced graphene (LIG) materials, laser-induced graphene scrolls (LIGS) materials, and combinations thereof (LIG/LIGS materials); and(b) exposing the laser-induced material to a first laser source having a first wavelength to remove a first portion of LIG or LIGS from the laser-induced material.6169-. (canceled)70. The method of claim 60 , wherein the laser-induce material comprises a LIG material.71. The method of claim 60 , wherein the laser-induce material comprises a LIGS material.72. The method of claim 60 , wherein the laser-induce material comprises a composite LIG/LIGS material.73. The method of claim 60 , wherein the method forms a 3D object.7475-. (canceled)76. The method of claim 60 , wherein(a) the laser induced material was formed by exposing a graphene precursor material to a second laser source having a second wavelength;(b) the first wavelength and the second wavelength are different; and(c) the graphene precursor material comprises a polymer.77. The method of claim 76 , wherein the polymer is selected from a group consisting of polymer films claim 76 , polymer fibers claim 76 , polymer monoliths claim 76 , polymer powders claim 76 , polymer blocks claim 76 , optically transparent polymers claim 76 , homopolymers claim 76 , vinyl polymers claim 76 , chain-growth polymers claim 76 , step-growth polymers claim 76 , condensation polymers claim 76 , random polymers claim 76 , ladder polymers claim 76 , semi-ladder polymers claim 76 , block co-polymers claim 76 , carbonized polymers claim 76 , aromatic polymers claim 76 , cyclic polymers claim 76 , ...

EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF DEFECT-FREE, WAFER-SCALE SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE ON THIN FILMS OF COBALT

A method for depositing a layer of graphene directly on the surface of a substrate, such as a semiconductor substrate is provided. Due to the strong adhesion of graphene and cobalt to a semiconductor substrate, the layer of graphene is epitaxially deposited. 1. A multilayer structure comprising:a silicon wafer, the silicon wafer comprising a front wafer surface, a back wafer surface, and a circumferential wafer edge joining the front wafer surface and the back wafer surface;a dielectric layer in contact with the front wafer surface of the silicon wafer;a layer comprising single crystalline cobalt in contact with the dielectric layer, the layer comprising single crystalline cobalt comprising a front cobalt layer surface, a back cobalt layer surface, and a bulk cobalt layer region between the front cobalt layer surface and the back cobalt layer surface, wherein the back layer cobalt surface is in contact with the dielectric layer; anda graphene layer in contact with the front cobalt layer surface of the layer comprising single crystalline cobalt.2. The multilayer structure of wherein the silicon wafer comprises a dopant selected from the group consisting of boron (p type) claim 1 , gallium (p type) claim 1 , phosphorus (n type) claim 1 , antimony (n type) claim 1 , and arsenic (n type) claim 1 , and any combination thereof.3. The multilayer structure of wherein the silicon wafer comprises boron (p type) dopant.4. The multilayer structure of wherein the silicon wafer comprises phosphorus (n type) dopant.5. The multilayer structure of wherein the silicon wafer comprises arsenic (n type) dopant.6. The multilayer structure of wherein the dielectric layer is selected from the group consisting of a silicon dioxide layer claim 1 , a silicon nitride layer claim 1 , a silicon oxynitride layer claim 1 , and any combination thereof.7. The multilayer structure of wherein the dielectric layer is a multilayer comprising at least two of a silicon dioxide layer claim 1 , a silicon ...

ANTIBIOFILM AND ANTIMICROBIAL FUNCTIONAL MEMBRANE SPACER

Disclosed herein methods for combating biofouling in a liquid, e.g. an aqueous medium by providing a surface coated with at least one laser-induced graphene (LIG) layer in said liquid medium. Particularly disclosed herein method and devices for treating water comprising passing a water stream through a membrane module equipped with at least one spacer coated with at least one layer of LIG, and optionally by applying an electric potential to the at least one LIG layer to achieve a bactericidal effect in the water stream. Specifically, disclosed herein a polymeric mesh suitable for use as a spacer in a membrane module in water treatment application, said mesh being at least partially coated with LIG. 1. A method for combating biofouling or controlling microorganisms in an aqueous medium , comprising providing a surface coated with at least one laser-induced graphene (LIG) layer in said aqueous medium.2. The method of comprising coating a surface prone to biofilm formation with at least one LIG layer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surface comprises a polymer material claim 1 , wherein said method comprises applying a layer of said LIG onto said polymer material to form the at least one LIG layer thereon.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said surface comprises a polymer material claim 1 , wherein said method comprises irradiating said surface with a laser beam to form the at least one LIG layer thereon.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein said surface prone to biofilm formation is a surface of a pipe claim 2 , a watercraft claim 2 , a fuel storage tank claim 2 , or of an element in a water-treatment device.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said element in a water-treatment device is a membrane spacer.7. The method of further comprising applying electrical potential to said LIG layer.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said electrical potential is in the range between 0.5 V and 5 V.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said electrical potential is in the range ...

METHOD FOR FORMING HETEROJUNCTION STRUCTURE OF GRAPHENE AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIAL

A method for forming a heterojunction structure of graphene and a two-dimensional material is provided. The method includes providing a graphene pattern on a substrate, applying a current to the graphene pattern to heat the graphene pattern, and forming a two-dimensional material layer on the graphene pattern. 1. A method for forming a heterojunction structure , the method comprising:providing a graphene pattern on a substrate;applying a current to the graphene pattern to heat the graphene pattern; andforming a two-dimensional material layer on the graphene pattern.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the graphene pattern is heated to a temperature of about 300° C. to about 500° C. by the current.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the two-dimensional material layer is performed in a state in which the graphene pattern is heated.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the graphene pattern is higher than a temperature of the substrate during the forming of the two-dimensional material layer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material layer includes at least one of a two-dimensional chalcogenide claim 1 , a two-dimensional oxide claim 1 , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) claim 1 , black phosphorus (BP) claim 1 , or phosphorene.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying of the current to the graphene pattern and the forming of the two-dimensional material layer are performed simultaneously for at least a certain time.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the applying of the current to the graphene pattern is started before the forming of the two-dimensional material layer is started claim 6 , and the applying of the current to the graphene pattern is finished after the forming of the two-dimensional material layer is completed.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material layer is selectively formed on the graphene pattern.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material layer is formed on the ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH CONDUCTIVITY, CARBON-RICH MATERIALS FROM COAL

A method of producing high conductivity carbon material from coal includes subjecting the coal to a dissolution process to produce a solubilized coal material, and subjecting the solubilized coal material to a pyrolysis process to produce the high conductivity carbon material. 1. A method of producing high conductivity carbon material from coal , the method comprising:subjecting the coal to a dissolution process to produce a solubilized coal material; andsubjecting the solubilized coal material to a pyrolysis process to produce the high conductivity carbon material.2. The method of in which the dissolution process includes adding one or more reagents claim 1 , solvents and/or catalysts to the coal.3. The method of in which the reagent/solvent include iPrCl and/or catalysts include AlCl.4. The method of in which the dissolution process produces a mineral fraction in addition to the solubilized coal material.5. The method of in which the pyrolysis process includes a gas combustor for applying heat to the solubilized coal material.6. The method of in which the pyrolysis process produces a gas in addition to the high conductivity carbon material claim 5 , said gas fed to the combustor as a fuel.7. The method of in which the pyrolysis process includes heating the solubilized coal material to between 250° C. and 380° C. for 1-8 hrs and then heating the solubilized coal material to temperatures as low as 700° C. for at least 1 hr.8. The method of in which the high conductivity carbon material has a graphene-like morphology claim 1 , a low mineral content claim 1 , and a high surface area.9. A method of producing high conductivity carbon material from coal claim 1 , the method comprising:subjecting the coal to a dissolution process to produce a solubilized coal material; andsubjecting the solubilized coal material to a pyrolysis process to produce the high conductivity carbon material and a fuel gas used in the pyrolysis process to heat the solubilized coal material.10. The ...

COMPOUND, SYNTHESIS METHOD OF THE COMPOUND, HARDMASK COMPOSITION, AND METHOD OF FORMING PATTERNS

A compound, a synthesis method of the compound, a hardmask composition including the compound, and a method of forming patterns using the hardmask composition, the compound including a condensed or non-condensed polycyclic aromatic core having 40 or more carbon atoms and a plurality of substituents at a periphery of the core, wherein the plurality of substituents are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group, a C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group, a C3 to C30 heterocyclic group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group, or a combination thereof. 1. A compound comprising a condensed or non-condensed polycyclic aromatic core having 40 or more carbon atoms and a plurality of substituents at a periphery of the core ,wherein the plurality of substituents are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group, a C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group, a C3 to C30 heterocyclic group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group, or a combination thereof.2. The compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the plurality of substituents includes a C6 to C30 aryl group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group, andthe C6 to C30 aryl group substituted with a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group is a phenyl group substituted with at least two substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl groups, a naphthyl group substituted with at least two substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl groups, an anthracenyl group substituted with at ...

ANALYTE SENSING DEVICE

Sensors for detecting analytes are disclosed. In various implementations, the sensing device may include a substrate and a sensor array. The sensor array may be arranged on the substrate, and may include a plurality of sensors. In some implementations, at least two of the sensors may include a first carbon-based sensing material disposed between a first pair of electrodes, and a second carbon-based sensing material disposed between a second pair of electrodes. The first carbon-based sensing material may be configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a group of analytes, and the second carbon-based sensing material may be configured to confirm the presence of each analyte of a subset of the group of analytes. In some instances, the group of analytes includes at least twice as many different analytes as the subset of analytes. 1. A sensing device for detecting analytes , comprising:a substrate; and a first carbon-based sensor is disposed between a first pair of electrodes, and is configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a first group of analytes; and', 'a second carbon-based sensor is disposed between a second pair of electrodes, and is configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a second group of analytes, wherein the second group of analytes is a subset of the first group of analytes., 'a sensor array arranged on the substrate and including a plurality of carbon-based sensors, wherein2. The sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the first group of analytes includes at least twice as many different analytes as the second group of analytes.3. The sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises paper or a flexible polymer.4. The sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate and the sensor array are integrated within a label configured to be removably printed onto a surface of a package or container.5. The sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the label comprises one or more carbon-based inks.6. The sensing device of claim 5 , wherein ...

SENSING DEVICE FOR DETECTING ANALYTES IN PACKAGES

A sensing device for detecting analytes within a package or container is disclosed. In various implementations, the sensing device may include a substrate, one or more electrodes, and a sensor array. The sensor array may be disposed on the substrate, and may include a plurality of carbon-based sensors coupled to the one or more electrodes. The carbon-based sensors may be configured to react with unique groups of analytes in response to an electromagnetic signal received from an external device. In some instances, a first sensor may be configured to detect a presence of each analyte of a group of analytes, and a second sensor may be configured to confirm the presence of each analyte of a subset of the group of analytes. 1. A sensing device for detecting analytes within a package or container , the sensing device comprising:a substrate;one or more electrodes; anda sensor array disposed on the substrate and including a plurality of carbon-based sensors coupled to the one or more electrodes, carbon-based sensors configured to react with unique groups of analytes in response to an electromagnetic signal received from an external device.2. The sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-based sensors are configured to resonate at different frequencies in response to the electromagnetic signal.3. The sensing device of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more electrodes is configured to provide an output signal indicating whether a corresponding carbon-based sensor detected one or more analytes in a respective group of the unique groups of analytes.4. The sensing device of claim 3 , wherein each output signal indicates an impedance or reactance of the corresponding carbon-based sensor.5. The sensing device of claim 3 , wherein each output signal comprises a frequency response of the corresponding carbon-based sensor to the electromagnetic signal.6. The sensing device of claim 1 , wherein:a first carbon-based sensor is functionalized with a first material configured to ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING GRAPHENE USING COAL AS RAW MATERIAL

The present disclosure relates to a method for the preparation of graphene from coal as a raw material, and more particularly to a method for the preparation of microporous graphene from Chinese Zhundong coal. The process consists of the following steps: first, refining the coal block or coal particle to get fine powdered coal; second, immersing the powdered coal with activation agent solution and drying water to get molten mixture; third, carbonizing the molten mixture in an inert atmosphere and at a high temperature to obtain the carbonized product; fourth, successively acid washing, water-washing and drying the carbonized product to obtain the coal-based porous graphene with the surface area up to 3345 m/g. The invention mainly solves the problems of the current method for the preparation of the microporous graphene with high specific surface area, including high cost of raw materials, complicated procedures and low yield. The porous graphene obtained by the invention is expected to realize excellent application values in the fields of gas adsorption separation, electrochemical energy storage and catalysis. 1. The method for preparing graphene from coal as raw material comprises the following steps:Refining step: refining the coal block or coal particle to get fine powdered coal;Activation step: immersing the powdered coal obtained by the refining step with activation agent solution with stirring for 10-36 h at the room temperature and drying water to get the molten mixture of the powered coal and the activation agent solution;Carbonization step: carbonizing the molten mixture obtained in the activation step in an inert gas or a mixture of hydrogen and inert atmosphere and nature cooling to obtain the carbonized product;Washing and drying step: successively acid washing, water-washing and drying the carbonized product to obtain the porous graphene.2. The method for preparing graphene according to claim 1 , wherein the activation agent solution is an alkali metal ...

Photoluminescence Material and Production Method Thereof

The present invention is related to a production method of a photoluminescence material by micro-plasma treatment for degrading plastic piece into multiple smaller molecular, a graphene quantum dot and the composite thereof. By using micro-plasma treatment, the production method provided by the present invention consumes very little energy and the processing steps is simple and efficiency without the existence of any organic solvent. The products obtained by the said treatment is high valued graphene quantum dot and graphene quantum dot composite with excellent photoluminescence ability for at least white, blue, green, cyan or yellow colors. 1. A production method of a photoluminescence material comprising step of:placing a plastic piece into a working solution, and the working solution is water;applying a micro-plasma onto a surface of the working solution; anddegrading the plastic piece into multiple smaller molecular and a graphene quantum dot.2. The production method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein: after degrading the plastic piece claim 1 , continuously applying the micro-plasma onto the surface of the working solution and the smaller molecular and the graphene quantum dot are self-assembled into a graphene quantum dot composite by the micro-plasma.3. The production method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:the plastic piece comprises thermoplastic material including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polylactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC) or polyethylene (PE); andthe smaller molecular comprises primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary polyacid, polyol or polyamine.4. The production method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein:the plastic piece comprises thermoplastic material including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polylactic acid (PLA), polycarbonate (PC) or polyethylene (PE); andthe smaller molecular comprises primary, secondary, ...

Continuous Process and Apparatus for Producing Graphene

Provided is a method of producing isolated graphene sheets, comprising: (a) providing a reacting slurry containing a mixture of particles of a graphite or carbon material and an intercalant and/or an oxidizing agent; (b) providing one or a plurality of flow channels to accommodate the reacting slurry, wherein at least one of the flow channels has an internal wall surface and a volume and an internal wall-to-volume ratio of from 10 to 4,000; (c) moving the reacting slurry continuously or intermittently through at least one or a plurality of flow channels, enabling reactions between the graphite or carbon particles and the intercalant and/or oxidant to occur substantially inside the flow channels to form a graphite intercalation compound (GIC) or oxidized graphite (e.g. graphite oxide) or oxidized carbon material as a precursor material; and (d) converting the precursor material to isolated graphene sheets.

AN APPROACH TO A BOTTOM-UP SYNTHESIS OF NANOCARBONS

Provided is a method for the synthesis of a π-conjugated system from oligofurans, under conditions involving cycloaddition. 179.-. (canceled)80. A method for the synthesis of a π-conjugated system , the method comprising reacting an oligofuran with at least one aryne or heteroaryne to convert each furan moiety in said oligofuran to a cycloadduct and reacting said cycloadduct to yield the n-conjugated system.81. The method according to claim 80 , wherein the cycloadduct is an extended cycloadduct prepared by reacting the cycloadduct with at least one diene claim 80 , prior to conversion to the π-conjugated system.82. The method according to claim 80 , wherein the cycloadduct is an oxo- or syn-cycloadduct claim 80 , such that each cycloadduct is in the form of an oxo-cyclocadduct or a syn-cycloadduct.83. The method according to claim 80 , wherein the aryne or heteroaryne is a multicyclic-aryne or multicyclic-heteroaryne.84. The method according to claim 80 , wherein the n-conjugated system is selected amongst oligoarenes claim 80 , oligoacenes claim 80 , graphene segments and carbon nanobelts.85. The method according to claim 80 , wherein the oligofuran is selected amongst linear oligofurans and cyclic oligofurans.87. The method according to claim 86 , wherein at least one of Rand Ris a furan ring moiety.88. The method according to claim 86 , wherein one of Rand Ris a furan ring moiety and the other of Rand Ris selected from hydrogen; C-Calkyl; —CN; —COH; (C-Calkyl)Sn—; and a halogen.89. The method according to claim 86 , wherein one of Rand Ris a furan ring moiety and the other of Rand Ris selected from hydrogen; an alkyl stannyl and a halogen.90. The method according to claim 80 , wherein the oligofuran is linear claim 80 , each end-of-chain furan having an a-carbon substituted by a group selected from hydrogen; C-Calkyl; C-Calkenyl; C-Calkynyl; C-Caryl; C-Cheteroaryl comprising between 1 and 5 heteroatoms selected from N claim 80 , O and S; an alkyl stannyl; —CN; — ...

ON-CHIP GRAPHENE ELECTRODE, METHODS OF MAKING, AND METHODS OF USE

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device including an on-chip electrode platform including one or more three dimensional laser scribed graphene electrodes, methods of making the on-chip electrode platform, methods of analyzing (e.g., detecting, quantifying, and the like) chemicals and biochemicals, and the like. 132-. (canceled)33. A device , comprising: a three-dimensional laser scribed graphene counter electrode;', 'a three-dimensional laser scribed graphene working electrode; and', 'a three-dimensional laser scribed graphene electrode,, 'an on-chip electrode platform disposed on a substrate, comprisingwherein the three-dimensional laser scribed graphene working electrode includes 1-pyrenbutyric acid anchored to graphene of the three-dimensional laser scribed graphene working electrode, andwherein the three-dimensional laser scribed graphene counter electrode, working electrode, and electrode have a self-standing macro/mesoporous three-dimensional morphology.34. The device of claim 33 , wherein the three-dimensional laser scribed graphene working electrode further includes an aptamer attached to the anchored 1-pyrenbutyric acid.35. The device of claim 33 , wherein the three-dimensional laser scribed graphene working electrode includes Pt nanoparticles disposed on the three-dimensional laser scribed graphene surface.36. The device of claim 33 , wherein the substrate is a polymer substrate.37. The device of claim 36 , wherein the polymer substrate is polyimide.38. The device of claim 33 , wherein the macro/mesoporous three-dimensional morphology includes a macroporous surface with a mesoporous porous architecture superimposed on the macroporous surface.39. The device of claim 33 , wherein the self-standing macro/mesoporous three-dimensional morphology has a surface area of 7 to 10 mm.40. A method of making an on-chip electrode platform claim 33 , comprising:directing a laser beam onto a polyimide substrate to form a three-dimensional laser scribed ...

PROCESS, REACTOR AND SYSTEM FOR FABRICATION OF FREE-STANDING TWO-DIMENSIONAL NANOSTRUCTURES USING PLASMA TECHNOLOGY

The present invention relates to a process, reactor and system to produce self-standing two-dimensional nanostructures, using a microwave-excited plasma environment. The process is based on injecting, into a reactor, a mixture of gases and precursors in stream regime. The stream is subjected to a surface wave electric field, excited by the use of microwave power which is introduced into a field applicator, generating high energy density plasmas, that break the precursors into its atomic and/or molecular constituents. The system comprises a plasma reactor with a surface wave launching zone, a transient zone with a progressively increasing cross-sectional area, and a nucleation zone. The plasma reactor together with an infrared radiation source provides a controlled adjustment of the spatial gradients, of the temperature and the gas stream velocity. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. A microwave plasma reactor for the production of self-standing two-dimensional nanostructures , wherein the reactor has a hollow body comprising:a plasma creation surface wave launching part,a precursor constituents nucleation part and a transient part having the first and the second ends connected, respectively, to the surface wave launching part and to the nucleation part, providing fluid communication between these parts,wherein the said parts define, respectively, in the body three inner zones of operation, characterized in that the first end of the transient part has a cross-sectional area which is smaller than a cross-sectional area of the second end.10. The plasma reactor according to claim 9 , wherein the cross-sectional area of the transient part progressively increases from its first to its second end.11. The plasma reactor according to claim 9 , wherein the said parts are integrally connected to one another claim 9 , forming a single piece.12. The plasma reactor according claim 9 , wherein the hollow body ...

GROWING GRAPHENE ON SUBSTRATES

Embodiments described herein provide methods and apparatus for forming graphitic carbon such as graphene on a substrate. The method includes providing a precursor comprising a linear conjugated hydrocarbon, depositing a hydrocarbon layer from the precursor on the substrate, and forming graphene from the hydrocarbon layer by applying energy to the substrate. The precursor may include template molecules such as polynuclear aromatics, and may be deposited on the substrate by spinning on, by spraying, by flowing, by dipping, or by condensing. The energy may be applied as radiant energy, thermal energy, or plasma energy. 1. An apparatus for forming a graphene layer on a substrate , the apparatus comprising:a deposition chamber having a substrate support disposed therein;a liquid precursor applicator disposed in the deposition chamber opposite the substrate support;one or more radiant energy assemblies disposed in the chamber opposite the substrate support; anda conduit coupled to the liquid precursor applicator, wherein the conduit is configured to deliver a hydrocarbon precursor and a solvent to the liquid precursor applicator.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the substrate support is coupled to a motor and configured to rotate.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the motor is configured to rotate the substrate support between about 100 revolutions per second and about 1000 revolutions per second.4. The apparatus of further comprising:a nozzle coupled to the liquid precursor applicator.5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the liquid precursor applicator is disposed adjacent a central region of the substrate support.6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more radiant energy assemblies comprise a radiant energy source and a reflector.7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the radiant energy source is an ultraviolet energy source.8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the ultraviolet energy source is an ultraviolet lamp claim 7 , an ultraviolet light emitting ...

PREPARATION METHOD OF GRAPHENE FLOWER AND USE OF GRAPHENE FLOWER IN LITHIUM SULFUR BATTERY

Disclosed in the present disclosure is a preparation method of a graphene flower, mainly lying in spray-drying graphene oxide solution to obtain a graphene oxide flower and then performing reduction on the same to obtain a graphene flower. Also disclosed in the present disclosure is use of the graphene flower in a lithium sulfur battery. The present disclosure is easy to operate, low cost, and suitable for scaled production, can improve the rate capability of a lithium sulfur battery while ensuring the high energy ratio of the lithium sulfur battery, thus greatly improving the energy density thereof, and can be applied in the field of high energy storage material and devices. 1. A preparation method of a graphene flower , wherein comprising steps of:1) dissolving a graphene oxide raw material in a solvent and stirring to obtain a graphene oxide solution;2) spray-drying the graphene oxide solution to obtain graphene oxide flower powder; and3) performing reduction on the graphene oxide flower by using a reducing agent or by high-temperature heat treatment to obtain the graphene flower.2. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent in the step 1) is selected from a group consisting of deionized water claim 1 , N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone claim 1 , N claim 1 , N-dimethylformamide claim 1 , N claim 1 , N-dimethylacetamide claim 1 , dimethyl sulfoxide claim 1 , sulfolane claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , n-butanol claim 1 , acetonitrile or a mixture thereof at any ratio claim 1 , and a mass percentage of the graphene oxide is 0.01%-2%.3. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature for the spray-drying in the step 2) is 60-200° C. claim 1 , and a diameter of a spray nozzle is 0.1-100 microns.4. The preparation method according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent the step 3) is selected from a group consisting of an aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide with a volume percentage being 5%-50% claim 1 , a sodium ascorbate solution claim 1 , ...

METHOD OF RELEASING GRAPHENE FROM SUBSTRATE

The disclosed technology generally relates to preparing two-dimensional material layers, and more particularly to releasing a graphene layer from a template substrate. According to an aspect, a method of releasing a graphene layer includes providing a template substrate on which the graphene layer is provided, the method comprising: subjecting the graphene layer and the template substrate to a water treatment by soaking the graphene layer and the template substrate in water such that water is intercalated between the template substrate and the graphene layer; and subjecting the graphene layer and the template substrate to a delamination process, thereby releasing the graphene layer from the template substrate. 1. A method of releasing a graphene layer formed on a template substrate , the method comprising:soaking the graphene layer and the template substrate in water such that water is intercalated between the template substrate and the graphene layer; anddelaminating the graphene layer from the template substrate, thereby releasing the graphene layer.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein soaking is performed for a predetermined duration prior to delaminating.31. The method according to claim 2 , wherein soaking is performed for at least hour.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein soaking comprises soaking in water at a temperature of at least 30° C.5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:prior to delaminating, transferring the template substrate and the graphene layer to a target substrate and bonding the graphene layer to the target substrate, wherein delaminating comprises releasing the graphene layer from the template substrate while keeping the graphene layer bonded to the target substrate.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein bonding comprises bonding the graphene layer to a hydrophobic surface of the target substrate.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the hydrophobic surface comprises a self-assembled monolayer ( ...

Preparation method of graphene

Disclosed herein is a preparation method of graphene, capable of preparing graphene having a smaller thickness and a large area, and with reduced defect generation, by a simplified process. The preparation method of graphene includes forming dispersion including a carbon-based material including unoxidized graphite, and a dispersant; and continuously passing the dispersion through a high pressure homogenizer including an inlet, an outlet, and a micro-channel for connection between the inlet and the outlet, having a diameter in a micrometer scale, wherein the carbon-based material is exfoliated, as the material is passed through the micro-channel under application of a shear force, thereby forming graphene having a thickness in nanoscale.

METHODS FOR PREPARING AEROGELS BY PLASTICIZING AND FOAMING WITH SOLVENTS

The present invention provides a method for preparing an aerogel based on plasticizing and foaming with solvent, and the aerogel material is prepared through plasticization with solvent and generation of in-situ bubbles. The method solves the difficult problem that the non-polymer is difficult to realize thermoplastic foaming, and has wide applicability. In addition, a lot of foaming agents can be uses for this method, and this method is easy to implement, and does not require a special drying process, so that the industrialization development of the porous aerogel is greatly promote. 1. A method for preparing aerogel material , wherein the method is realized based on plasticizing and foaming with solvent and comprises:mixing a material to be foamed with a foaming agent precursor, assembling the resulted mixture into a macroscopical material; andplacing the macroscopical material into a plastic solution to be plasticized and foamed, and then dried to obtain the aerogel material.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the plastic solution contains an initiator which initiates the foaming agent precursor to generate gas.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the foaming agent precursor is initiated by heating to generate gas.4. A method for preparing aerogel material claim 1 , wherein the method is realized based on plasticizing and foaming with solvent and comprises:assembling a material to be foamed into a macroscopical material; andplacing the macroscopical material into a plastic solution containing, a foaming agent to be plasticized and foamed, and then dried to obtain the aerogel material.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the foaming agent comprises a spontaneous foaming agent and a reactive foaming agent claim 4 , wherein the reactive foaming agent is a foaming agent that can generate gas by reacting with the material to be foamed claim 4 , and the spontaneous foaming agent is a foaming agent that can be decomposed to generate gas.6. The ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING GRAPHENE MATERIAL FROM INDUSTRIAL HEMP BY LASER INDUCTION

Provided is a method for preparing a graphene material from an industrial hemp material by laser induction, which uses a skin, a stem and/or a root of industrial hemp as a carbon precursor-containing material and reduce the carbon precursor-containing material into graphene by laser induction, so as to prepare graphene, graphene quantum dots, a graphene mesoporous material and a graphene composite material. 1. A method for producing a graphene material from an industrial hemp material by laser induction , comprising:preparing a carbon precursor-containing material from the industrial hemp material;subjecting the carbon precursor-containing material to carbonization; andsubjecting the carbonized carbon precursor-containing material to laser scanning to convert the carbonized carbon precursor-containing material into the graphene material.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the industrial hemp material comprises at least one selected from a skin claim 1 , a stem and a root of industrial hemp.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein preparing the carbon precursor-containing material from the industrial hemp material comprises:subjecting the industrial hemp material to a flaking process to obtain the carbon precursor-containing material in flakes; orsubjecting the industrial hemp material to a pulverizing process to obtain the carbon precursor-containing material in powders; orsubjecting the industrial hemp material to a pulping process to obtain the carbon precursor-containing material in a form of a pulp or a dispersion liquid.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:adding a carbon-based material to the carbon precursor-containing material,wherein the carbon-based material comprises at least one selected from coke, charcoal and graphite.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonization is performed at a low oxygen condition claim 1 , a protective atmosphere condition or a vacuum condition with controlled temperature and time ...

Improvements Relating To Graphene Nanomaterials

A process for preparing a graphene nanomaterial product, the process comprising: cavitating a liquid medium comprising a diaromatic hydrocarbon component to synthesise from the diaromatic hydrocarbon component a dispersion of graphene nanomaterial in the liquid medium; and obtaining a graphene nanomaterial product from the dispersion. 1. A process for preparing a graphene nanomaterial product , the process comprising: cavitating a liquid medium comprising a diaromatic component to synthesise graphene nanomaterial from the diaromatic component and form a dispersion of the graphene nanomaterial in the liquid medium; and obtaining a graphene nanomaterial product from the dispersion.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial product comprises at least 10 ppm graphene nanomaterial synthesised from the diaromatic component.3. The process of or claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial product consists of graphene nanomaterial synthesised from the diaromatic component.4. The process of any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial product comprises graphene quantum dots claim 1 , graphene nanoflakes claim 1 , graphene nanoribbons claim 1 , graphene nanosheets claim 1 , or combinations thereof.5. The process of any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein the nanomaterial product comprises one or more heteroatom impurities.6. The process of any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein the graphene nanomaterial product is oxidised.7. The process of any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein the graphene nanomaterial product is functionalised.8. The process of any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein the diaromatic component comprises optionally substituted fused or linked diaromatic hydrocarbons or heterocycles.9. The process of any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein the diaromatic component is a diaromatic hydrocarbon component consisting of one or more optionally substituted diaromatic hydrocarbons.11. The process of claim 10 , wherein the one or more moieties are selected from alkyl ...

Methods for chemical reaction perforation of atomically thin materials

A method for forming a lattice with precisely sized holes includes disposing cutter molecules with species attached about the periphery of each molecule on to the lattice. The method continues with the species cutting molecular bonds of the lattice so as to form precisely sized holes in the lattice. The edges of the holes may then be functionalized.

GRAPHENE MATERIALS AND IMPROVED METHODS OF MAKING, DRYING, AND APPLICATIONS

The impact of post-synthesis processing in, for example, graphene oxid or reduced graphene oxide materials for super-capacitor electrodes has been analyzed. A comparative study of vacuum, freeze and critical poin drying was carried out for graphene oxide or hydrothermally reduced graphene oxide demonstrating that the optimization of the specific surface area and preservation of the porous network is important to maximize its properties such as supercapacitance performance. As described below, using a supercritical fluid as the drying medium, unprecedented values of specific surface area (e.g., 364 mg) and supercapacitance (e.g., 441 F g) for this class of materials were achieved. 113-. (canceled)14. A composition comprising graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide which is mesoporous and has a specific surface area of at least 364 m/g.15. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide has micropores and mesopores.16. The composition of claim 14 , wherein the graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide claim 14 , when dried to a powder material with a critical point dryer claim 14 , shows a predominance of mesopores over micropores and macropores.17. The composition of claim 16 , where the predominance of mesopores results in the improvement of a specific capacitance and/or a gas adsorption capability for the graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide.18. A composition prepared by a method comprising:critical point drying at least one graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide material with use of a critical point dryer to produce a dried graphene oxide or dried reduced graphene oxide material, wherein the critical point dryer is used with a sample holder comprising metal mesh, the metal mesh having pores having a pore width of 500 microns or less.19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the metal mesh having pores has a pore width of 50 microns to 250 microns.20. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the graphene oxide or reduced ...

HEAT SPREADER AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE THEREOF

Disclosed is a heat spreader. The heat spreader comprises a copper substrate layer, and at least one layer of graphene deposited on the copper substrate layer. 1100. A heat spreader () comprising:{'b': '102', 'a copper substrate layer (); and'}{'b': 104', '102, 'at least one layer of graphene () deposited on the copper substrate layer ().'}2100104. A heat spreader () of claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one layer of graphene () includes doped graphene.3100104. A heat spreader () of claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one layer of graphene () includes reduced graphene oxide.4100104. A heat spreader () of claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one layer of graphene () includes functionalised graphene.5100. A heat spreader () of claim 4 , characterized in that the functionalised graphene includes at least one of a functional group: aliphatic ester claim 4 , aromatic ester claim 4 , amine claim 4 , epoxide claim 4 , carboxyl claim 4 , hydroxyl claim 4 , siloxanes claim 4 , silanes.6100104. A heat spreader () of any of the preceding claims claim 4 , characterized in that thickness of the at least one layer () of graphene is in a range of 0.1-50 micrometres.7200102202. A heat spreader () of any of the preceding claims claim 4 , characterized in that the at least one layer of graphene () further includes a top layer of graphene ().8200202. A heat spreader () of claim 7 , characterized in that the top layer of graphene () includes silane-functionalised graphene.9200202. A heat spreader () of claim 7 , characterized in that thickness of the top layer of graphene () is in a range of 1-1000 nanometres.10100200102. A heat spreader ( claim 7 , ) of any of the preceding claims claim 7 , characterized in that the copper substrate layer () is treated using at least one of a technique: heating claim 7 , annealing claim 7 , washing.11100. A method of manufacturing a heat spreader () claim 7 , the method comprising:{'b': '102', 'providing a copper substrate ...