УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ОМЫЛЕНИЯ СЛОЖНЫХ ЭФИРОВ В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ КАПРОЛАКТАМА И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ НАТРИЕВЫХ СОЛЕЙ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ КИСЛОТ

1. Установка для омыления сложных эфиров в производстве капролактама, включающая расположенные в технологической последовательности узел подачи реакционной жидкости, аппараты дистилляции кислого циклогексана, реактор омыления и нейтрализации, разделительный сосуд с выходом на агрегаты термического разложения смеси побочных продуктов и аппараты дистилляции нейтрального циклогексана, связанные с колонной осушки кетоно-спиртовой смеси и ректификационными колоннами, отличающаяся тем, что между аппаратами дистилляции кислого циклогексана и реактором омыления и нейтрализации установлен смеситель кубовой жидкости с раствором нейтрализующего агента, между аппаратами дистилляции нейтрального циклогексана и колонной осушки кетоно-спиртовой смеси расположен дополнительный реактор омыления с узлом подачи водного раствора щелочи и узлом разделения смеси на водный и органический слой, связанный с реактором омыления и нейтрализации и экстрактором отмывки остатков солей из органического слоя, который связан с аппаратом осушки и реактором омыления и нейтрализации, а агрегат термического разложения смеси побочных продуктов снабжен узлом приготовления раствора кальцинированной соды и ее подачи в смеситель кубовой жидкости с раствором нейтрализующего агента. 2. Установка по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что узел приготовления выполнен в виде переливной емкости, связанной с усреднителем-накопителем. 3. Установка для утилизации натриевых солей органических кислот в производстве капролактама, включающая реактор огневого разложения с трубопроводами подачи воздуха, природного газа, натриевых солей органических кислот, скруббер очистки дымовых газов с водяным оросителем, дымосос и дымовую трубу, стол-кристаллизатор вытекающего из реактора расплава соды и узел сбора плава соды, отличающаяся тем, что она снабжена узлом растворения плава соды, состоящим из двух секций с переливной перегородкой между ними, одна из секций соединена с узлом подачи химически очищенной воды и снабжена паровым барботером, а ...

Organophosphorus compounds, catalytic systems comprising said compounds and method of hydrocyanation or of hydroformylation using said catalytic systems

Organophosphorus compounds, catalytic systems comprising a metallic element forming a complex with the organophosphorus compounds and methods of hydrocyanation and of hydroformylation employed in the presence of the catalytic systems are described.

Process for the conversion of aromatic nitro compound into amines

A process for hydrogenating an aromatic nitro compound according to the invention comprises providing a hydrogen gas stream and a liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; providing a fixed bed catalytic reactor having an inflow side and an outflow side; feeding to the inflow side, the hydrogen gas stream and the liquid aromatic nitro compound stream; converting the hydrogen gas and the aromatic nitro compound into an aromatic amine, thereby providing a reactor effluent comprising the aromatic amine and water; evacuating the reactor effluent from the reactor at the outflow side of the reactor; wherein an inert solvent or water is fed to the inflow side of the reactor at a molar ratio of moles inert solvent or water to moles hydrogen is more than 1.

OLEFIN OLIGOMER COMPOSITION

Processes for the production of an alcohol, esters and aliphatic hydrocarbons are provided. In one embodiment, a process for the production of an alcohol comprises: oligomerizing an olefin or a mixture of olefins having the structural formula CH—CH═CH, wherein n is an integer from 4 to 22, in the presence of an oligomerization catalyst, so as to form a vinylidene containing olefin oligomer; hydroformylating the vinylidene containing olefin oligomer in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst so as to form a hydroformylated olefin oligomer; and dimerizing the hydroformylated olefin oligomer by means of a Guerbet reaction so as to form the alcohol. 2. The process according to further comprising purifying the hydroformylated olefin oligomer by distillation prior to step c).3. The process according to further comprising recovering the alcohol.5. The process according to wherein R-Reach contain from 1 to 17 carbon atoms (n=4 to 16).6. The process according to wherein R-Reach contain from 3 to 15 carbon atoms (n=6 to 14).7. The process according to wherein R-Reach contain from 3 to 13 carbon atoms (n=6 to 12).8. The process according to wherein R-Reach contain from 5 to 13 carbon atoms (n=8 to 12).9. The process according to wherein R-Reach contain from 5 to 11 carbon atoms (n=8 to 10).10. The process according to wherein R-Reach contain from 7 to 13 carbon atoms (n=10 to 12).11. The process according to further comprising recovering the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.12. The process according to further comprising reacting the alcohol in step c) with an organic adic so as to form an ester.13. The process according to wherein the oligomerization in step a) is a dimerization step that produces an olefin dimer.14. The process according to wherein the oligomerization in step a) is a trimerization step that produces an olefin trimer.15. The process according to wherein the oligomerization catalyst is a metallocene compound.16. The process according to wherein the ...

ALKOXYLATION METHOD OF FATTY ACID ALKYL ESTERS

The present invention is directed towards a method of preparing alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl estersin a one-pot alkoxylation reaction in the presence of a catalyst which is an alkaline earth metal oxide/mineral acid combination, preferably a barium oxide/sulfuric acid combination, or a Lewis acid, preferably Sn Cl, comprising the steps of: a) providing a fatty acid alkyl ester, b) adding a catalyst to said fatty acid alkyl ester to obtain a first mixture, wherein said catalyst is an alkaline earth metal oxide/mineral acid combination or a Lewis acid, c) adding one or more alkylene oxides to said first mixture to obtain a second mixture and (d) isolating the alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl ester. 1. A method for preparing an alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl ester in a one-pot reaction comprising the steps of:(a) providing a fatty acid alkyl ester,(b) adding a catalyst to said fatty acid alkyl ester to obtain a first mixture, wherein said catalyst is an alkaline earth metal oxide/mineral acid combination or a Lewis acid,(c) adding one or more alkylene oxides to said first mixture to obtain a second mixture and(d) isolating the alkoxylated fatty acid alkyl ester.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkaline earth metal oxide and the mineral acid are added simultaneously or sequentially.4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the alkaline earth metal oxide is an oxide of Group II elements claim 3 , preferably barium oxide.5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the alkaline earth metal oxide is at a concentration of less than 5 wt % preferably 0.5 to 1.5 wt %6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the mineral acid is selected from sulfuric acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , perchloric acid claim 1 , nitric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , preferably sulfuric acid.7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the mineral acid is at a concentration of less than 5 wt % preferably less than 2 wt %8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio ...

ALKOXYLATES OF OPTIONALLY HYDROGENATED FARNESOLS AND USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to new types of specifically alkoxylated farnesol alkoxylates based on farnesol or at least partially hydrogenated farnesol, directly linked to a propylene oxide block; processes for the preparation of these alkoxylates and the use thereof in washing, rinsing, cleaning or finishing compositions, cosmetic compositions, compositions for papermaking, agrochemical compositions, fuel additives and solubilization auxiliaries in aqueous liquid systems. 1. A farnesol alkoxylate of the general formula I{'br': None, 'sub': 'n', 'R—O—(PO)—Y—H\u2003\u2003(I)'}in whichR is a farnesyl radical,P is a (n- or iso)propylene group,{'sub': 'n', 'Y is an alkylene oxide block different from (PO); and'}n is an integer from 1, 2 or 3,or a mixture of such compounds.2. The farnesol alkoxylate according to claim 1 , in whichR, P and n have the meanings given above andY is selected from the blocks:{'sub': 'm', '-(EO); and'}{'sub': m', 'x, '-(EO)-(AlkO)—'}in which{'sub': 3', '10, 'EO is ethylene oxide groups and AlkO is identical or different C-C-alkylene oxide groups,'}m is an integer from 3 to 50; andx is an integer from 1 to 10or a mixture of such compounds.3. The farnesol alkoxylate according to claim 2 , in whichR and P have the meanings given above,n is an integer from 1 or 2;m is an integer from 6 to 9, such as in particular 7 or 8, andx is an integer from 1 to 5or a mixture of such compounds.4. A process for the preparation of a farnesol alkoxylate of the general formula I{'br': None, 'sub': 'n', 'R—O—(PO)—Y—H\u2003\u2003(I)'}in which R, P, Y and n have the meanings given above,where {'br': None, 'R—OH\u2003\u2003(III)'}, 'a) an alcohol of the general formula III'}in which R has the meanings given above,is propoxylated in the presence of an alkoxylation catalyst, and also in the presence or absence of a solvent and in the presence of propylene oxide, andb) then the propoxylated farnesol obtained in this way is further alkoxylated to form the farnesol ...

ALKOXYLATES OF HYDROGENATED FARNESOLS AND USE THEREOF

The present invention relates to new types of farnesol alkoxylates, based on at least partially hydrogenated farnesol; processes for the preparation of these alkoxylates and the use thereof in washing, rinsing, cleaning or finishing compositions, cosmetic compositions, compositions for papermaking, fuel additives and solubilization auxiliaries in aqueous liquid systems. 1. A farnesol alkoxylate of the general formula I{'br': None, 'sub': 'x', 'R—O-(-A-O—)—H\u2003\u2003(I)'}in whichR is an at least partially hydrogenated farnesyl radical,{'sub': 'x', 'A is identical or different low alkylene groups, where the polyoxyalkylene radical (-A-O)— can consist of one or more different oxyalkylene blocks, and'}x is an integer from 1 to 100; or a mixture of such compounds.3. The farnesol alkoxylate according to either of the preceding claims , in which{'sub': 'x', 'a) the group -(-A-O)— is a polyoxyalkylene radical'}in whichx is a value from 3 to 50; andA is in each case identical low alkylene groups;orA has different meanings and is at least two different low alkylene groups which are distributed randomly over the polyoxyalkylene radical; or{'sub': x', '1', 'x1', 'n', 'xn', '1', 'n, 'b) the polyoxyalkylene radical -(-A-O)— is composed of n oxyalkylene blocks -(-A-O)— to -(-A-O)—, where x is the sum x1+ . . . +xn and at least two oxyalkylene blocks differ with regard to the meaning of the alkylene radicals (A. . . A) and/or with regard to the number of their monomer building blocks (x1 . . . xn) and where x1 to xn, independently of one another, are integers from 1 to 50.'}4. The farnesol alkoxylate according to claim 3 , in which the polyoxyalkylene radical is composed of different oxyalkylene blocks and is selected from the radicals:{'sub': x1', 'x2, '-(PO)-(EO)-H'}{'sub': x1', 'x2', 'x3, '-(PO)-(EO)-(AlkO)-H'}in which{'sub': 3', '10, 'PO is propylene oxide, EO is ethylene oxide and AlkO is C-C-alkylene oxide,'}x1 is an integer from 1, 2 or 3;x2 is an integer from 3 to 50; ...

Industrial Procedure for the Obtaining of Lower Alcohols From Solar Energy

The procedure according to the invention allows the obtaining of lower alcohols from the solar energy produced at a high temperature solar thermal power plant which provides, from an energy point of view, the power supply necessary for every step of the procedure, supplying both the electricity power necessary to perform the intermediate steps of the procedure and, essentially, the products involved in the different steps (H, O, steam and CO) starting from a supply of wet milled coal, wherein the by-products obtained during these different stages of the procedure are fed back to the procedure itself. The procedure allows the storage of the energy obtained from the sun as lower alcohols, and such alcohols, in turn, may become an alternative to the consumption of fossil fuels, eliminating the risk derived from the production of residues; consequently, it is an especially advantageous procedure, both from an environmental and a production point of view. 1. Industrial procedure to obtain lower alcohols from solar energy , characterised in that it comprises the following stages:{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'i) gasification/pyrolysis at a dual reactor, to obtain syngas: the water vapour from a high temperature solar thermal power plant is fed to a dual gasification/pyrolysis reactor where wet milled coal has been previously fed through a feeding hopper, and such coal is partly oxidized by the Oobtained from a subsequent electrolysis stage (stage 2), and by the water vapour from the solar plant at a gasifier provided inside the dual reactor; the gas thus obtained is subsequently subject to a pyrolysis, removing the free carbon, the HS and part of CO, using the appropriate catalysts to obtain syngas.'}{'sub': '2', 'ii) Electrolysis in parallel to obtain hydrogen and oxygen: the mixture of water vapour and residual COobtained at the stage i) passes through a turbine/engine to generate, by means of a dynamo, the power required to unleash an electrolysis reaction at the appropriate ...

CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF ALCOHOLS AND ALDEHYDES

The invention provides a process for preparing higher alcohols and/or aldehydes and also mixtures thereof by catalytic reaction of ethanol, the reaction taking place in the presence of at least one catalyst, the catalyst comprising an activated-carbon substrate which is provided with at least one metal, and more particularly has at least one metal dope. 127-. (canceled)28. A process for preparing higher alcohols and aldehydes and mixtures thereof by catalytic reaction of ethanol ,wherein the reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one catalyst comprising an activated carbon substrate which is provided with at least one metal.29. The process as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the higher alcohols and aldehydes are selected from the group consisting of C-C-alcohols and C-C-aldehydes and mixtures thereof.30. The process as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the higher alcohols and aldehydes are selected among linear and branched alcohols and aldehydes and wherein a butanol-containing product mixture results.31. The process as claimed in claim 28 , wherein ethanol is reacted as pure material or else as a mixture of ethanol with at least one further alcohol or with at least one aldehyde.32. The process as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the reaction is carried out in the gas phase and wherein the reaction is carried out at above the boiling points of the starting materials and products.33. The process as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the reaction is carried at temperatures in the range from 150° C. to 600° C.34. The process as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the reaction is carried out using reaction times or contact times in the range from 0.001 to 120 seconds.35. The process as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the process is carried out with a space-time yield claim 28 , calculated as amount of all products formed per catalyst volume and per unit time claim 28 , in the range from 10 to 3000 g/(liter·h).36. The process as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the process is ...

CHIRAL SPIRO-PYRIDYLAMIDOPHOSPHINE LIGAND COMPOUND, SYNTHESIS METHOD THEREFOR AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present invention relates to a chiral spiro-pyridylamidophosphine ligand compound, synthesis method therefor and application thereof. The chiral spiro-pyridylamidophosphine compound is a compound having a structure of Formula (I), a racemate or optical isomer thereof, or a catalytically acceptable salt thereof, and is mainly characterized by having a chiral spiro-dihydro-indene skeleton in its structure. The chiral spiro-pyridylamidophosphine compound may be synthesized with optical active 7-diaryl/alkylphosphino-7′-amino-1,1′-spiro-dihydro-indene or substituted 7-diaryl/alkylphosphino-7′-amino-1,1′-spiro-dihydro-indene having a spiro-skeleton as chiral starting material. The chiral spiro-pyridylamidophosphine compound may be used as a chiral ligand in asymmetric hydrogenation of a carbonyl compound catalyzed by iridium, in which the reaction activity is very high, the amount of the catalyst may be 0.0001 mol %, and the enantioselectivity of the reaction is up to 99.9% ee. 2. The chiral spiro-pyridylamidophosphine compound according to claim 1 , or the racemate or optical isomer thereof claim 1 , or the catalytically acceptable salt thereof claim 1 , which is characterized by that in the structural formula of said compound claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rare H simultaneously claim 1 , and Ris phenyl or substituted phenyl claim 1 , and the substituent on said substituted phenyl is halogen claim 1 , C-Calkyl or alkoxy claim 1 , with a substituent amount of 1-5; Ris H claim 1 , halogen claim 1 , C-Calkyl claim 1 , C-Calkoxy claim 1 , phenyl claim 1 , substituted phenyl claim 1 , 1-naphthyl claim 1 , 2-naphthyl claim 1 , heteroaryl claim 1 , furyl or thienyl claim 1 , and the substituent on said substituted phenyl is halogen claim 1 , C-Chydrocarbyl or alkoxy claim 1 , with a substituent amount of 1-5 claim 1 , and said heteroaryl is pyridyl claim 1 , and m=0-3; or when m≧2 claim 1 , adjacent Rgroups can ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING POLYETHER POLYOLS

The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyetherols by catalytic ring-opening polymerization, wherein at least one nitrogen-containing cyclic precatalyst compound is used. 2. The process for preparing polyetherols according to claim 1 , wherein R1 and R2 in formula (I) are each primary alkyl groups.3. The process for preparing polyetherols according to claim 1 , wherein R1 in formula (I) is a primary and R2 a secondary alkyl group.4. The process for preparing polyetherols according to claim 1 , wherein R1 and R2 in formula (I) are each secondary alkyl groups.5. The process for preparing polyetherols according to claim 1 , wherein step (ii) is not conducted until after the end of step (i).6. The process for preparing polyetherols according to claim 1 , wherein step (ii) already commences during the duration of step (i).7. The process for preparing polyetherols according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature during the reaction with the at least one alkylene oxide in step (ii) claim 1 , after the end of step (i) claim 1 , is in the range from 90° C. to 140° C. claim 1 , preferably in the range from 100° C. to 130° C.8. The process for preparing polyetherols according to claim 1 , wherein at least one alkylene oxide is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide claim 1 , propylene oxide claim 1 , butylene oxide and mixtures thereof claim 1 , preferably mixtures comprising propylene oxide.9. The process for preparing polyetherols according to claim 1 , wherein at least one Zerevitinov-active compound Z1 is selected from the group consisting of alcohols claim 1 , preferably selected from the group of the polyols claim 1 , especially glycerol claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , diethylene glycol claim 1 , propylene glycol claim 1 , dipropylene glycol claim 1 , pentaerythritol claim 1 , sorbitol claim 1 , sucrose claim 1 , C- to C-diols claim 1 , castor oil claim 1 , epoxidized and ring-opened fatty acids and esters thereof claim 1 , ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR LIQUID PHASE REACTIONS USING HIGH SHEAR

A method of reacting one or more components in a liquid phase to form an organic product, the method including feeding a carbon-based gas to a high shear device; feeding a hydrogen-based liquid medium to the high shear device; using the high shear device to form a dispersion comprising the carbon-based gas and the hydrogen-based liquid medium, wherein the dispersion comprises gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than about 5 μm; introducing the dispersion into a reactor; and reacting the dispersion to produce the organic product. 1. A method of reacting one or more components in a liquid phase to form an organic product , the method comprising:(a) feeding a carbon-based gas to a high shear device, the high shear device comprising a shear gap;(b) feeding a hydrogen-based liquid medium to the high shear device;(c) using the high shear device to form a dispersion comprising the carbon-based gas and the hydrogen-based liquid medium, wherein the dispersion comprises gas bubbles with a mean diameter of less than about 1 μm; and(d) reacting the dispersion to produce the organic product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the high shear device produces a local pressure of at least about 1034.2 MPa (150 claim 1 ,000 psi) at the tip of a first rotor disposed therein.3. The method of wherein the organic product comprises alkanes claim 2 , olefins claim 2 , aromatics claim 2 , or combinations thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon-based gas comprises carbon monoxide and the hydrogen-based liquid medium comprises methanol claim 1 , an ether claim 1 , or an oxide.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the organic product comprises acetic acid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises feeding hydrogen to the high shear device claim 1 , the hydrogen-based liquid medium comprises acetic acid claim 1 , and the organic product comprises ethanol.7. The method of further comprising utilizing a catalyst to promote the formation of the organic product.8 ...

Process for producing 2-butanol from gammavalerolactone

A process is disclosed for selectively producing 2-butanol from GVL by using at least one transition metal catalyst selected from the group consisting of iron, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium and iridium.

PRODUCTION OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOALKYL ETHER

Processes for producing propylene glycol monoalkyl ether are described herein and include contacting propylene oxide and an alcohol in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal alkoxide catalyst to produce an alkoxylation mixture including propylene glycol monoalkyl ether; distilling the alkoxylation mixture to produce a first overhead stream including propylene oxide and the alcohol and a first bottoms stream including propylene glycol monoalkyl ether; distilling the first bottoms stream to produce a second overhead stream including purified propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and a second bottoms stream including heavier byproducts; further distilling the second bottoms stream to form a resulting bottoms stream including caustic and heavier byproducts; introducing an alkali metal borohydride into at least a portion of the resulting bottoms stream to form an alkali metal borohydride containing stream; and introducing the alkali metal borohydride containing stream into one or more distillations upstream of recovery of the second overhead stream. 1. A process for producing propylene glycol monoalkyl ether comprising:contacting propylene oxide and an alcohol in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal alkoxide catalyst to produce an alkoxylation mixture comprising propylene glycol monoalkyl ether;distilling the alkoxylation mixture to produce a first overhead stream comprising propylene oxide and the alcohol and a first bottoms stream comprising propylene glycol monoalkyl ether;distilling the first bottoms stream to produce a second overhead stream comprising purified propylene glycol monoalkyl ether and a second bottoms stream comprising heavier byproducts;further distilling the second bottoms stream to form a resulting bottoms stream comprising caustic and heavier byproducts;introducing an alkali metal borohydride into at least a portion of the resulting bottoms stream to form an alkali metal borohydride containing stream; andintroducing the alkali ...

DIFLUOROMETHOXYLATION AND TRIFLUOROMETHOXYLATION COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR SYNTHESIZING SAME

The present invention provides a compound having the structure: 2. The compound of claim 1 ,wherein{'sub': 1', '1', '2', '2', '3', '3', '4', '4, 'claim-text': {'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4', '3', '2', '2', '3', '2, 'wherein X, X, Xand Xare each, independently, —H, halogen, —CF, —NO, —SOMe, —CN, —OCFor —OCFH;'}, 'Yis N or C—X, Yis N or C—X, Yis N or C—Xand Yis N or C—X,'}{'sub': 5', '5, 'sup': '+', 'claim-text': {'sub': '5', 'wherein Xis alkyl;'}, 'Yis N or N—X,'}{'sub': 6', '6, 'claim-text': {'sub': '6', 'wherein Xis substituted aryl or substituted heteroaryl;'}, 'Yis N or C—X,'}{'sub': 7', '3', '2, 'Xis CFor CFH; and'}{'sub': 4', '4', '6', '6', '2', '7', '2', '7', '4', '8', '9, 'claim-text': {'sub': 7', '8', '9, 'wherein R, R, and Rare each, independently, —H, -(alkyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl),'}, 'Z is OTf, BF, B(aryl), SbF, PF, halogen, —OS(O)OR, —OS(O)—R, ClOor —OP (O) (OR)(OR),'}{'sub': 6', '5', '5', '6', '6', '5, 'sup': −', '−', '−, 'wherein when Yis N, then Yis N—Xand Z is present, and when Yis C—X, then Yis N and Z is absent;'}orwherein{'sub': 1', '1', '2', '2', '3', '3', '4', '4, 'claim-text': {'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4', '3', '2', '2, 'wherein X, X, Xand Xare each, independently, —H, —Cl, —Br, —F, —CF, —NOor —SOMe'}, 'Yis N or C—X, Yis N or C—X, Yis N or C—Xand Yis N or C—X,'}{'sub': 5', '5, 'sup': '+', 'claim-text': {'sub': '5', 'wherein Xis alkyl;'}, 'Yis N or N—X,'}{'sub': 6', '6, 'claim-text': {'sub': '6', 'wherein Xis substituted aryl;'}, 'Yis N or C—X,'}{'sub': 7', '3', '2, 'Xis CFor CFH; and'}{'sub': 4', '4', '6', '6', '2', '7', '2', '7', '4', '8', '9, 'claim-text': {'sub': 7', '8', '9, 'wherein R, R, and Rare each, independently, —H, -(alkyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl),'}, 'Z is OTf, BF, B(aryl), SbF, PF, halogen, —OS (O)OR, —OS(O)—R, ClOor —OP (O) (OR)(OR),'}{'sub': 6', '5', '5', '6', '6', '5, 'sup': +', '−', '−, 'wherein when Yis N, then Yis N—Xand Z is present, and when Yis C—X, then Yis N and Z is absent.'}3. (canceled)4. The compound of claim 1 ,wherein ...

NITRIC ACID OXIDATION PROCESSES

A process utilizing nitric acid and oxygen as co-oxidants to oxidize aldehydes, alcohols, polyols, preferably carbohydrates, specifically reducing sugars to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids. 1. A method of synthesizing a mixture of organic acids , the method comprising the steps of:(a) combining, over time, in one or more closed reaction vessels, under a positive pressure of oxygen and with continuous stirring mixing an organic compound suitable for nitric acid oxidation and an aqueous solution of nitric acid to form a reaction mixture, wherein the organic compound and the aqueous solution of nitric acid are concurrently introduced into the one or more closed reaction vessels;(b) flowing said reaction mixture through the one or more closed reaction vessels while (i) maintaining a controlled temperature of from about 5° C. to about 105° C. in a portion of the reaction vessel, (ii) maintaining a reaction vessel headspace temperature of from about 80° C. to about −42° C.; and (iii) a controlled positive pressure of oxygen of from about 0 barg to about 1000 barg for a time period suitable to oxidize the organic compound to a subsequent reaction mixture comprising a mixture of organic acid products and nitrogen oxides; and(c) removing most of nitric acid from the subsequent reaction mixture to give a final reaction mixture of organic acids suitable for further processing.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more closed reaction vessels comprises one or more reactors.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more closed reaction vessels are in series (continuous) or in parallel (batch) with one another.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reactor is a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTRs) or a tubular type plug flow reactor.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a continuous process.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a batch process.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic compound comprises a single organic ...

METHYLATION PROCESS

A methylation process is provided, including mixing resveratrol, at least one methyl-group donor, for example trimethylglycine, folic acid, and wherein the mixing of resveratrol with trimethylglycine and folic acid is so that the least one methyl-group donor carries out the methylation of resveratrol by yielding methyl groups thanks to the folic acid.

Method for producing fatty acid ester

Provided is a method of producing a fatty acid ester in a high yield through a simple operation using Euglena as a material. The method of producing a fatty acid ester comprises the following steps (a) and (b): (a) adding 0.001 to 9.5 [PU/g-dry cell] of at least one kind of protease to Euglena to react the Euglena and the protease in an aqueous phase; and (b) performing phase separation and collection of a fatty acid ester from a reaction liquid of the step (a).

CONTINUOUS METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF POLYOLS

The present invention is directed to the synthesis of polyols in a continuous process which comprises the continuous generation of oligomeric polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol by acid catalysis. 1. A process for the preparation of polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols which comprises:(i) continuously reacting at least one polyhydric precursor and at least one alkylene oxide in the presence of at least one acid catalyst and, optionally in the presence of a double metal cyanide complex catalyst, at a temperature below that necessary to activate said double metal cyanide complex catalyst;(ii) continuously removing the mixture comprising the oligomeric polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol formed in the previous step, adding to said mixture double metal cyanide complex catalyst if required, and raising the temperature to that needed to activate the double metal cyanide complex catalyst while adding further alkylene oxide or mixtures of alkylene oxides; and(iii) continuously removing the final polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol formed;with the proviso that, whether a double metal cyanide complex catalyst is added in step (i), step (ii) or both, sufficient amount of double metal cyanide complex catalyst is present in the mixture for obtaining the final polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol from the oligomeric polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in step (i) is below 80° C.3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the temperature in step (i) is between 0 and 70° C.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in step (i) is between 30 and 60° C.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in step (ii) is above 80° C.6. A process according to claim 5 , wherein the temperature in step (ii) is between 100 and 200° C.7. A process according to claim 6 , wherein the temperature in step (ii) is between 100 and 160° C.8. Process according to wherein said polyhydric precursor is glycerine.9. A process according ...

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A process for the hydrogenation of a substrate comprising a carbon heteroatom double bond in the presence of a transition metal complex comprising a tridentate or bisdentate-ligand containing a nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus atom, of which at least the N- and P- and optionally also the S-atom coordinates with the transition metal. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen atom on the tridentate or bisdentate ligand forms part of an amine group or an imine group; the sulphur atom forms part of an aliphatic group or forms part of an aromatic ring; and the phosphorus atom forms part of a phosphine group.3. A process according to or wherein the nitrogen atom-containing group is flanked on one side by the phosphorus atom-containing group claim 1 , and on the other side by the sulphur atom-containing group.6. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the metal M is ruthenium or osmium.7. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the functional group that is hydrogenated is selected from the group consisting of an ester claim 1 , lactone claim 1 , ketone claim 1 , aldehyde claim 1 , amide claim 1 , lactam and imine.8. A process according to any of the preceding claims wherein the substrate bearing a functional group containing a carbon heteroatom double bond is sclareolide and the hydrogenated product is sclareodiol.11. A complex according to wherein the nitrogen atom on the tridentate or bisdentate ligand forms part of an amine group or an imine group; the sulphur atom forms part of an aliphatic group or forms part of an aromatic ring; and the phosphorus atom forms part of a phosphine group.12. A complex according to or claim 10 , wherein the nitrogen atom-containing group is flanked on one side by the phosphorus atom-containing group claim 10 , and on the other side by the sulphur atom-containing group.15. A complex according to any of the through wherein the metal M is ruthenium or osmium. The present invention relates ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ORGANIC ACIDS AND ORGANIC ACID DEGRADATION COMPOUNDS FROM BIOMASS

A method and integrated reactor system are provided for producing one or more organic acids, organic acid degradation compounds, and combinations thereof, from various types of biomass, including sludge from a pulp and paper mill. 1. A method for producing one or more organic acids , organic acid degradation products , and combinations thereof , comprising the steps of:providing a biomass feed comprising a sludge from a pulp and paper mill including one or more six carbon chain sugars, a lignocellulosic biomass, or a combination thereof; andhydrolyzing the biomass feed in one or more reactors to one or more organic acids, organic acid degradation products, or combinations thereof2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass feed comprises sludge and lignocellulosic biomass.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sludge and lignocellulosic biomass are mixed prior to being added to the reactor.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the sludge and lignocellulosic biomass are added separately to the reactor.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of hydrolyzing the biomass feed comprises partially hydrolyzing the biomass feed to form one or more six carbon chain sugars claim 1 , and converting the one or more six carbon chain sugars to one or more organic acids claim 1 , organic acid degradation compounds claim 1 , or combinations thereof6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of partially hydrolyzing the biomass feed comprises contacting the biomass feed with one or more of steam claim 5 , at least one acid claim 5 , or at least one alcohol.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of partially hydrolyzing the biomass feed is carried out in a first reactor at a temperature of about 170° C. to about 185° C. for about 35 minutes to about 60 minutes.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the first reactor comprises a tubular reactor with axial mixing.9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the step of converting the one or more six carbon chain sugars is carried out in a ...

METHOD OF ACETALIZING AN ALDEHYDE

A method of acetalizing an aldehyde comprising reacting said aldehyde with an alcohol in the presence of a polymeric catalyst to form an acetal wherein the polymeric catalyst is a mesoporous poly-melamine-formaldehyde polymer. 1. A method of acetalizing an aldehyde comprising reacting said aldehyde with an alcohol in the presence of a polymeric catalyst to form an acetal.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polymeric catalyst comprises monomers that are capable of participating in double hydrogen bonding with said aldehyde.3. The method of or claim 1 , wherein said polymeric catalyst has a pH in the acidic range.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said polymeric catalyst has a pH in the range of 4 to 6.5. The method of any one of the preceding claims claim 3 , wherein said polymeric catalyst is a porous polymeric catalyst.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said porous polymeric catalyst is a mesoporous poly-melamine-formaldehyde catalyst.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said mesopores are disposed between melamine-formaldehyde co-polymer nanoparticles and wherein micropores extend within said co-polymer nanoparticles.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said melamine-formaldehyde co-polymers are composed of repeating units of monomers which have a ring structure.10. The method of any one of the preceding claims claim 7 , wherein said reacting occurs at a temperature selected from the range of 25° C. to 60° C.11. The method of any one of the preceding claims claim 7 , wherein the ratio of alcohol to aldehyde is in the range of 5:1 to 50:1.12. The method of any one of the preceding claims claim 7 , wherein the amount of said porous polymeric catalyst is in the range of 2 mg to 50 mg per 1 mmol of said aldehyde.13. The method of any one of the preceding claims claim 7 , further comprising adding a drying agent.14. The method of any one of the preceding claims claim 7 , further comprising the step of separating the catalyst from said acetal.15. The method of claim 14 ...

PREPARATION OF PANTOLACTONE

The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of pantolactone by reaction of hydroxypivalaldehyde cyanohydrin in a phase separation process. 118.-. (canceled)2017. The process according to claim , where , for the provision of the starting material in step a):a1) formaldehyde is subjected with isobutyraldehyde to an aldol addition, giving hydroxypivalaldehyde, anda2) the hydroxypivalaldehyde is reacted with a cyanide source, giving hydroxypivalaldehyde cyanohydrin (II).21. The process according to claim 19 , where the acid used in step b) is at least 90% strength HSO.22. The process according to claim 19 , where claim 19 , during the reaction in step b) claim 19 , the pH of the reaction mixture is kept in a range from 0 to 1.2.23. The process according to claim 19 , where claim 19 , in step b) claim 19 , the molar ratio of the acid used to hydroxypivalaldehyde cyanohydrin (II) is in a range from 0.5:1 to 2:1.24. The process according to claim 19 , where the reaction in step b) takes place at a temperature from 50 to 110° C.25. The process according to claim 19 , where the reaction in step b) takes place at a pressure in the range from 850 to 1150 mbar.26. The process according to claim 19 , where the reaction in step b) takes place at a pressure in the range from 100 to 800 mbar.27. The process according to claim 26 , where claim 26 , during the reaction in step b) claim 26 , water is removed distillatively from the reaction mixture.28. The process according to claim 19 , where claim 19 , in step c) claim 19 , at least one base is added to the reaction product from step b) until the pH is in a range from 4 to 6.29. The process according to claim 19 , where the reaction in step b) takes place at a pressure in the range from 200 to 700 mbar claim 19 , and during the reaction in step b) water is removed distillatively from the reaction mixture and claim 19 , in step c) claim 19 , aqueous NHis added as base to the reaction product from step b).30. ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING METHOXYPOLYETHYLENE GLYCOLS

A method for producing methoxypolyethylene glycols includes the following steps: (1) after the reactor is washed by water, nitrogen is filled in the reactor to elevate the pressure and then the reactor is vacuumized to completely remove water and reduce the oxygen content in the reactor; (2) nitrogen is filled in the rector and pressure is elevated, and then methanol and sodium methoxide as the catalyst in methanol is added into the reactor, and then warming up; (3) ethylene oxide is added into the reactor at 800˜1200 kg/h to process the pre-reaction; (4) ethylene oxide is added into the reactor at 8000˜12000 kg/h to process the reaction after methanol and ethylene oxide in the reactor are completely reacted; (5) the pressure of reaction product is reduced and pH of reaction product is adjusted to 5˜7 after the reaction is finished, and then the reaction product is transferred to the tank yard. 1. Method for producing methoxypolyethylene glycols , wherein , comprises the following steps:(1) after the reactor is washed by water, nitrogen is filled in the reactor to elevate the pressure and then the reactor is vacuumized to completely remove water and reduce the oxygen content in the reactor;(2) nitrogen is filled in the rector and pressure is elevated, and then methanol and sodium methoxide as the catalyst in methanol is added into the reactor, and then warming up;(3) ethylene oxide is added into the reactor at 800˜1200 kg/h to process the pre-reaction;(4) ethylene oxide is added into the reactor at 8000˜12000 kg/h to process the reaction after methanol and ethylene oxide in the reactor are completely reacted;(5) the pressure of reaction product is reduced and pH of reaction product is adjusted to 5˜7 after the reaction is finished, and then the reaction product is transferred to the tank yard.2. Method for producing methoxypolyethylene glycols according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the step (1) is: after the reactor is washed by water claim 1 , nitrogen is filled ...

Catalyst Compositions, Methods of Preparation Thereof, and Processes for Alkoxylating Alcohols Using Such Catalysts

A process of preparing an alkoxylation catalyst wherein a catalyst precursor which is formed from an alkoxylated alcohol, calcium hydroxide, carboxylic acid, inorganic acid, and propylene oxide, is mixed with an antioxidant, preferably butylated hydroxyl toluene. A process of alkoxylation using the catalyst of the present invention. 1. A process for preparing an alkoxylation catalyst comprising: {'br': None, 'sub': 1', 'n', '2n', 'p, 'R-0-(CH0)H \u2003\u2003I'}, 'providing a catalyst precursor formed by reacting an alkoxylated alcohol mixture having the general formula{'sub': '1', 'wherein Ris an organic radical containing from about 1 to about 30 carbon atoms, n is 1-3, and p is an integer of from 1-50, with calcium hydroxide, a carboxylic acid, an inorganic acid, and propylene oxide under conditions to propoxylate at least a portion of the alkoxylated alcohols; and'}adding an antioxidant to said catalyst precursor to produce an alkoxylation catalyst.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said antioxidant is butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT).3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein n is 2.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alkoxylated alcohol mixture contains 1-60 wt % free alcohol.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid has from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the carboxylic acid is selected from a group consisting of hexanoic acid claim 1 , octanoic acid claim 1 , nonanoic acid claim 1 , 2-ethyl hexanoic acid claim 1 , neodecanoic acid claim 1 , isooctanoic acid claim 1 , stearic acid claim 1 , napthanoic acid claim 1 , and mixtures of isomers of such carboxylic acids.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic acid is selected from the group consisting of sulphuric acid claim 1 , hydrochloric acid claim 1 , hydrofluoric acid claim 1 , phosphoric acid claim 1 , pyrophosphoric acid claim 1 , ammonium bifluoride claim 1 , and ...

POLYGLYCEROL BASED POLYOLS AND POLYURETHANES AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING POLYOLS AND POLYURETHANES

A new class of polyols derived from renewable resources, including polyglycerol and vegetable oils, the use of such polyols in polyurethane foams and cast resins, and methods for making the polyols and polyurethanes are provided. 1. A process for making high functionality polyols from renewable resources comprising combining 5% to 60% by weight glycerol; 40% to 95% by weight of at least one carboxylic acid derivative; at least one catalyst; and heating for a desired amount of time at approximately 160° C. to approximately 270° C. to produce polyols having hydroxyl numbers in the range of approximately 300 to approximately 600 mg KOH/gram.2. The process according to wherein at least one carboxylic acid derivative is a natural oil derivative selected from the group consisting of canola oil claim 1 , castor oil claim 1 , coconut oil claim 1 , corn oil claim 1 , cottonseed oil claim 1 , linseed oil claim 1 , olive oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , peanut oil claim 1 , rapeseed oil claim 1 , safflower oil claim 1 , sesame oil claim 1 , soybean oil claim 1 , sunflower oil; animal fats and oils claim 1 , fish oils claim 1 , algae oils; chemically modified vegetable oils claim 1 , including vegetable oil polyols; and lower alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from natural oils.3. The process according to wherein the catalyst is an alkali-metal alkoxide.4. The process according to wherein the carboxylic acid derivative is one or more components selected from the group consisting of C-1 to C-22 aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids claim 1 , C-1 to C-22 aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides claim 1 , and lower alkyl esters of C-1 to C-22 aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids.5. The process according to further including at least one natural oil derivative.6. The process according to wherein at least one catalyst is derived from the group consisting of acid catalysts claim 4 , alkaline catalysts claim 4 , tin catalysts and titanium catalysts.7. The process ...

METHOD OF PRODUCING ALCOHOL ALKOXYLATES

A method of producing alcohol alkoxylates comprising contacting a hydrocarbon mixture with a hydroformylation catalyst under hydroformylation conditions to form a product mixture comprising one or more alcohols and formate esters; treating the product mixture to reduce the concentration of formate esters to produce an alcohol stream; and contacting the alcohol stream and an epoxide with a potassium hydroxide catalyst under alkoxylation conditions to produce one or more alcohol alkoxylates. 1. A method of producing alcohol alkoxylates comprising:a. contacting a hydrocarbon mixture with a hydroformylation catalyst under hydroformylation conditions to form a product mixture comprising one or more alcohols and formate esters;b. treating the product mixture to reduce the concentration of formate esters to produce an alcohol stream;c. contacting the alcohol stream and an epoxide with a potassium hydroxide catalyst under alkoxylation conditions to produce one or more alcohol alkoxylates.2. The method of wherein the hydrocarbon mixture comprises hydrocarbons having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms.3. The method of any of - wherein the hydroformylation conditions of step a) are controlled to produce less formate esters.4. The method of further comprising controlling the temperature claim 3 , catalyst or ligand concentration claim 3 , or hydrogen and carbon monoxide composition and pressure to reduce the production of formate esters.5. The method of any of - wherein step b) comprises hydrogenating the product mixture to reduce the concentration of formate esters.6. The method of any of - wherein step b) comprises contacting the product mixture with an aqueous base to convert at least a portion of the formate esters into alcohols and formates.7. The method of wherein the aqueous base comprises sodium hydroxide claim 6 , lithium hydroxide claim 6 , potassium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide.8. The method of any of - wherein the epoxide is selected from the group consisting of ethylene ...

REACTIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY PROCESS FOR EQUILIBRIUM-LIMITED REACTIONS

The present disclosure provides for a process for an equilibrium limited reaction using reactive chromatography unit (RCU) in which a first organic donor reactant (FODR) and a second organic acceptor reactant (SOAR) react to form a product mixture of a first acceptor product (FAP) and a second donor co-product (SDCP). The equilibrium-limited reaction does not produce water. The RCU has separation media to separate the product mixture into a raffmate and an extract. The FODR is in a stoichiometric deficit relative to the SOAR for the equilibrium limited reaction, so that the SOAR acts as the eluent for both the raffmate and the extract, and so as not to produce an azeotrope of FODR and the SDCP in the extract.

2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acyl halides, their preparation and use

The present invention suggests 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acyl halides of formula (I), wherein X is selected from F, Cl, Br, I and mixtures thereof, preferably Cl, processes for the preparation of said 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acyl halides, the use of said 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acyl halides for the preparation of 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic esters of formula (II), the use of said 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acyl halides for the preparation of 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxamides of formula (III), and also the use of said 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acyl halides as agents for the blocking of amines.

Method of Forming Alkoxylated Fluoroalcohols

A method of forming an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol is accomplished by providing a boron compound having or providing at least one boron-oxygen bond and an iodine source. The boron compound and iodine source are combined with reactants of a fluoroalcohol and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a base. The reactants are allowed to react to form an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol reaction product. 1. A method of forming an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol comprising combining a boron compound having or providing at least one boron-oxygen bond and an iodine source with reactants of a fluoroalcohol and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a base and allowing the reactants to react to form an alkoxylated fluoroalcohol reaction product.222.-. (canceled)24. The process of wherein the process produces a telomeric mixture of alkyl alkoxylates of the formula RO(QO)H.25. The process of wherein the process comprises contacting a mixture two or more of said alcohols of formula ROH claim 23 , with said 1 claim 23 ,2-alkylene epoxides.26. The process of wherein Ris one or more of a linear fluoroalkyl group of formula F(CF)—CHCH claim 23 , where m is 2-20.27. The process of wherein the alkylene epoxides comprise one or more alkylene epoxides selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide claim 23 , propylene oxide and butylene oxide.28. The process of wherein the alkylene epoxide is ethylene oxide.29. The process of wherein the catalyst is formed in situ.30. The process of claim 23 , wherein the catalyst is an alkyl borate.31. The process of claim 30 , wherein said catalyst is selected from the group consisting of trimethyl borate claim 30 , triethyl borate claim 30 , triisopropyl borate claim 30 , tripropyl borate claim 30 , tributyl borate claim 30 , sodium tetraborate claim 30 , potassium tetraborate and combinations of these.32. The process of claim 23 , wherein said catalyst is used in an amount of from about 0.01 mole % to about 20 mole % by total moles of fluoroalcohol.33. The ...

SOLVENT-FREE PROCESSING, SYSTEM AND METHODS

Disclosed is a process for purifying one or more chemical constituents from plant matter using extraction with a fluid that is not a solvent, for example, with a vegetable oil. The extracted chemical constituents may then optionally be further processed by heating in order to induce desired chemical transformations. The extracted chemical constituents are also processed by concentrating at reduced pressure, for example, by distillation. 1. A method for purifying a chemical compound from plant matter , the method comprising:contacting the plant matter with a non-solvent; a non-solvent enriched in the chemical compound; and', 'plant matter residue;, 'extracting a chemical compound into the non-solvent to produce a mixture comprisingseparating the enriched non-solvent from the plant matter residue; andvolatilizing the chemical compound out of the enriched non-solvent to produce a purified chemical compound.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-solvent comprises an oil.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the oil is selected from a group consisting of plant oil claim 2 , vegetable oil claim 2 , fruit oil claim 2 , seed oil claim 2 , nut oil claim 2 , fish oil claim 2 , canola oil claim 2 , sunflower oil claim 2 , corn oil claim 2 , peanut oil claim 2 , walnut oil claim 2 , almond oil claim 2 , or a mixture thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extracting step comprises one or more of mixing claim 1 , stirring claim 1 , and heating.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating step involves straining claim 1 , filtering claim 1 , or centrifuging.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixture is filtered through a food-grade straining mesh.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mixture is pressed through a mechanical press.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture is separated using an auger-type oil extractor.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the volatilizing step comprises exposure to one or more of heat claim 1 , vacuum claim 1 , and partial ...

FUNCTIONALIZED ASPHALTENES AND METHODS THEREOF

A functionalized asphaltene, obtained by refluxing with an acid solution. The functionalized asphaltene contains elevated levels of oxygen content due to nitration and oxidation of the refluxing process. The refluxing process also imparts organic functional groups including at least amines, nitro groups carbonyl groups, carboxylic groups and hydroxyl groups to the functionalized asphaltene, and these functional groups are attached to, thereby coating the surface of a functionalized asphaltene particle. A method for removing dye compounds from an aqueous sample with the functionalized asphaltene is also described. 1. A functionalized asphaltene , comprising:10-35% by weight of elemental oxygen per total weight of the functionalized asphaltene;3-10% by weight of elemental nitrogen per total weight of the functionalized asphaltene; and3-10% by weight of elemental sulfur per total weight of the functionalized asphaltene;wherein the functionalized asphaltene is obtained by refluxing a petroleum asphaltene with an acid, andwherein the functionalized asphaltene has at least one active group selected from the group consisting of an amine group, a nitro group, a carbonyl group, a carboxylic group and a hydroxyl group covalently bonded to an asphaltene core.2. The functionalized asphaltene of claim 1 , having an average particle size of 10-20 nm.3. The functionalized asphaltene of claim 1 , having a particle size distribution of 0.5-100 nm wherein at least 60% of the particles have a particle size of 10-20 nm.4. The functionalized asphaltene of claim 1 , having a specific surface area of no higher than 10 m/g.5. The functionalized asphaltene of claim 1 , having an adsorption average pore width of 1-10 nm.6. A process for preparing the functionalized asphaltene of claim 1 , comprising:refluxing an asphaltene-acid suspension at 70-90° C. for 1-2 h to form the functionalized asphaltene;wherein the asphaltene-acid solution comprises the petroleum asphaltene and the acid.7. The ...

PHOSPHORAMIDITE DERIVATIVES IN THE HYDROFORMYLATION OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS

The invention relates to: a) phosphoramidites of formula (I), wherein Q is selected from substituted or unsubstituted 1,1′-biphenyl groups, Rstands for hydrogen, and Rstands for C-Calkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C-Ccycloalkyl groups, or phenyl groups and wherein Ris not a tertiary butyl group; b) transition-metal-containing compounds of the formula Me(acac)(CO)L, wherein Me=transition metal and L of the general formula (II): wherein Q is selected from substituted or unsubstituted 1,1′-biphenyl groups, Rstands for hydrogen, Rstands for C-Calkyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted C-Ccycloalkyl groups, or phenyl groups, and Ris not a tertiary butyl group and wherein the transition metal Me is selected from ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, and iridium; c) catalytically active compositions in the hydroformylation, which comprise the compounds mentioned under a) and b); d) method for the hydroformylation of unsaturated compounds by using the catalytically active composition mentioned under c), and e) multi-phase reaction mixture, containing unsaturated compounds, gas mixture, which comprises carbon monoxide and hydrogen, aldehydes, and the catalytically active composition described under c). 5. Compound according to claim 3 , where the transition metal is rhodium.7. A process for hydroformylating unsaturated compounds comprising introducing the catalytically active composition according to .8. Process for hydroformylating unsaturated compounds using a catalytically active composition according to claim 6 , where the unsaturated compounds are selected from:hydrocarbon mixtures from steamcracking plants;hydrocarbon mixtures from catalytically operated cracking plants;hydrocarbon mixtures from oligomerization processes;hydrocarbon mixtures comprising polyunsaturated compounds;olefin-containing mixtures including olefins having up to 30 carbon atoms;unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives.10. Polyphasic reaction mixture comprising:unsaturated compounds,a gas mixture ...

PROCESS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 9,9-BIS(METHOXYMETHYL)FLUORENE

The present invention relates to a novel process for the synthesis of 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene. The syntheses from fluorene to 9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)fluorene via a hydroxymethylation and further to 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene via a etherification are known. 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene is a compound that is used as an electron donor for Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The present invention is related to an improvement in the synthesis of 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene leading to a decrease in the amount of solvent used and an easier work up while achieving high yield and purity. 1. A process for the synthesis of 9 ,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene from 9 ,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)fluorene comprising providing an alkali metal hydroxide solution , mixing said solution with tetraalkylammonium halide , 9 ,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)fluorene and a solvent and adding dimethyl sulfate to obtain 9 ,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene wherein dimethyl sulfate is added in at least three portions wherein the reaction mixture is stirred for a period of at least 60 minutes before the following portions is added.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein as the alkali metal hydroxide sodium hydroxide is used.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein as the tetraalkylammonium halide tetra-n-butylammonium bromide is used.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein dimethyl sulfate is added in at least four portions.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein dimethyl sulfate is added in a total amount of between 2 and 6 moles per mole of 9 claim 1 ,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)fluorene used.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein as the solvent toluene is used.7. A process according to claim 1 , comprising the steps ofi) providing a solution of sodium hydroxide in water;ii) adding to the solution of step i) 9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)fluorene, tetraalkylammonium halide and a solvent;iii) stirring the mixture obtained in step ii);iv) adding dimethyl sulfate in at least three portions, wherein the resulting ...

MONOPHOSPHITES COMPRISING AN ANTHROL

Monophosphites comprising an anthrol are useful for catalyzing hydroformylation of an olefin to an aldehyde. 2. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8, 'wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '12', '1', '12', '6', '20', '6', '20', '1', '12', '6', '20', '1', '12', '2, '—H, —(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-aryl, —(C-C)-aryl, —S-alkyl, —S-aryl, halogen, —CO—(C-C)-alkyl, —CO—(C-C)-aryl, and —N[(C-C)-alkyl].'}3. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 9', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', '17', '18, 'wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '12', '1', '12', '6', '20', '6', '20', '1', '12', '6', '20', '1', '12', '2, '—H, —(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-aryl, —(C-C)-aryl, —S-alkyl, —S-aryl, halogen, —CO—(C-C)-alkyl, —CO—(C-C)-aryl, and —N[(C-C)-alkyl].'}4. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8, 'wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '12', '1', '12', '6', '20', '6', '20, '—H, —(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-aryl, —(C-C)-aryl, —S-alkyl, -S-aryl, and halogen.'}5. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 9', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', '17', '18, 'wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '12', '1', '12', '6', '20', '6', '20, '—H, —(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-aryl, —(C-C)-aryl, —S-alkyl, —S-aryl, and halogen.'}6. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8, 'wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '12', '1', '12', '6', '20, '—H, —(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, and —O—(C-C)-aryl.'}7. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 9', '10', '11', '12', '13', '14', '15', '16', '17', '18, 'wherein ...

BENZO[H]QUINOLINE LIGANDS AND COMPLEXES THEREOF

The present invention provides substituted tridentate benzo[h]quinoline ligands and complexes thereof. The invention also provides the preparation of the ligands and the respective complexes, as well as to processes for using the complexes in catalytic reactions. 16. A transition metal complex according to claim 15 , wherein M is ruthenium.17. A transition metal complex according to claim 15 , wherein Lis PRRR claim 15 , wherein Ru i claim 15 , Rand Rare claim 15 , independently claim 15 , unsubstituted C-alkyl claim 15 , substituted C-alkyl claim 15 , unsubstituted C-cycloalkyl claim 15 , substituted C-cycloalkyl claim 15 , unsubstituted C-alkoxy claim 15 , substituted C-alkoxy claim 15 , unsubstituted C-aryl claim 15 , substituted C-aryl claim 15 , unsubstituted C-heteroalkyl claim 15 , substituted C-heteroalkyl claim 15 , unsubstituted C-heterocycloalkyl claim 15 , substituted C-heterocycloalkyl claim 15 , unsubstituted C-heteroaryl or substituted C-heteroaryl.18. A transition metal complex according to claim 15 , wherein Lis a chiral or achiral claim 15 , monodentate or bidentate phosphorus ligand claim 15 , wherein the phosphorus atom in the phosphorus ligand is covalently bonded to 3 carbon atoms or n heteroatoms and 3-n carbon atoms claim 15 , where n=1 claim 15 , 2 or 3.19. A transition metal complex according to claim 18 , wherein the heteroatom is N or O.20. A transition metal complex according to claim 18 , wherein Lis an unsubstituted or substituted Binap ligand claim 18 , PPhos ligand claim 18 , PhanePhos ligand claim 18 , QPhos ligand claim 18 , Josiphos ligand claim 18 , Bophoz ligand claim 18 , a Skewphos ligand.21. A transition metal complex according to claim 18 , wherein Lis PPh claim 18 , dppf (1 claim 18 ,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) claim 18 , dppp (1 claim 18 ,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) claim 18 , dppb (1 claim 18 ,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane) claim 18 , Dipfc (1 claim 18 ,1′-bis(di-isopropylphosphino)ferrocene) claim 18 , or ...

IN-SITU METHOD FOR PREPARING HYDROLYZED ACYL HALIDE COMPOUND

An in-situ method for preparing a hydrolyzed, acyl halide-containing compound by combining a reactant including a plurality of acyl halide functional groups containing reactant, a tri-hydrocarbyl phosphate compound and water within a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon solvent. 2. The method of wherein the reactant and reaction product both have a molecule weight less than 700 amu (Daltons).3. The method of wherein the reactant and reaction product both have a molecule weight less than 300 amu (Daltons).4. The method of wherein the reactant and reaction product both comprise equal to or less than 30 carbon atoms.5. The method of wherein the reactant and reaction product both comprise from 4 to 12 carbon atoms6. The method of wherein the reactant comprises a carbon containing moiety selected from: an aliphatic or arene group substituted with a plurality of acyl halide functional groups; and the reaction product comprises an aliphatic or arene group substituted with at least one acyl halide functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group.7. The method of wherein the reaction product comprises an aliphatic or arene group substituted with at least one acyl halide functional group and single carboxylic acid functional group.8. The method of wherein the solution comprises:i) water at a concentration of less than 1 wt %,ii) the reactant at a concentration of less than 10 wt % andiii) the tri-hydrocarbyl phosphate compound at a concentration of less than 10 wt %.9. The method of wherein the solution comprises:i) water at a concentration of less than 0.5 wt %,ii) the reactant at a concentration of less than 5 wt %, andiii) the tri-hydrocarbyl phosphate compound at a concentration of less than 5 wt %.10. The method of wherein the solution comprises the reactant at a molar ratio with water from 1:2 to 100:1.11. The method of wherein the solution comprises the tri-hydrocarbyl phosphate compound at a molar ratio with the reactant of 10:1 to 1:100.12. The method of ...

HIGH-ACTIVITY DOUBLE-METAL-CYANIDE CATALYST

A high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst, a method for fabricating the same, and applications of the same are disclosed. An organic complexing ligand, which is formed via mixing fatty alcohols and alicyclic carbonates, is used to generate a high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst. The high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst includes at least one double-metal-cyanide compound, at least one organic complexing ligand, and an optional functionalized compound. The double-metal-cyanide catalyst of the present invention has a higher activity than the conventional double-metal-cyanide catalysts. The polyols generated by the present invention has an insignificant amount of high-molecular-weight compounds. 2. The high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said double-metal-cyanide compound is a product of an reaction of at least one metal salt and at least one metal cyanide salt claim 1 , and {'br': None, 'sub': 'n', 'M (X)\u2003\u2003(II)'}, 'wherein said metal salt has a general formula expressed by chemical formula (II)wherein M in chemical formula (II) is selected from a group consisting of bivalent zinc (Zn(II)), bivalent iron (Fe (II)), bivalent nickel (Ni (II)), bivalent manganese (Mn (II)), bivalent cobalt (Co (II)), bivalent tin (Sn (II)), bivalent lead (Pb (II)), trivalent iron (Fe (III)), tetravalent molybdenum (Mo (IV)), hexavalent molybdenum (Mo (VI)), trivalent aluminum (Al (III)), pentavalent vanadium (V (V)), tetravalent vanadium (V (IV)), bivalent strontium (Sr (II)), tetravalent tungsten (W (IV)), hexavalent tungsten (W (VI)), bivalent copper (Cu (II)), and trivalent chromium (Cr (III)), andwherein X is selected from a group consisting of halogens, hydroxyl ion, sulfate ion, carbonate ion, cyanide ion, isocyanide ion, isothiocyanate ion, carboxylate ion, and nitrate ion, and wherein n equals 1-3 and charges in chemical formula (II) are in balance, and {'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c, '(M′)M(CN)(A)\u2003\u2003(III ...

Ylide-functionalised phosphanes for use in metal complexes and homogeneous catalysis

The invention relates to ylide-functionalized phosphane ligands, the production of same and use in transition metal compounds, as well as the use of same as catalysts in organic reactions.

BISPHOSPHITES HAVING A CENTRAL 2,3'-BIPHENOL UNIT

Bisphosphites having a central 2,3′-biphenol unit are useful for catalyzing hydroformylation. 2. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8, 'wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rare each independently selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '12', '1', '12', '6', '20, '—H, —(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-aryl, —S-alkyl, and —S-aryl.'}3. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8, 'wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, R, Rare selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '12', '1', '2', '6', '20, '—H, —(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, and —O—(C-C)-aryl.'}4. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 4', '5, 'wherein Rand Rare each —H.'}5. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8, 'wherein R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R″, R″, R′, R″, R″, R″, R″, R″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '12', '1', '12', '6', '20, '—H, —(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-aryl, —S-alkyl, and —S-aryl.'}6. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8, 'wherein R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R″, R″, R″, R″, R″, R″, R″, R″ are each independently selected from the group consisting of{'sub': 1', '2', '1', '12', '6', '20, '—H, —(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, and —O—(C-C)-aryl.'}7. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8, 'wherein R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R′, R″, R″, R″, R″, R″, R″, R″, R″ are each —H.'}8. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 9', '10', '11', '12', '9', '10', '11', '2, 'sub': 6', '20, 'wherein R′, R′, R′, R′, R″, R″, R″, R″ are each —(C-C)-aryl.'}9. The compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 9', '10', '11', '12', '9', '10', '11', '12, 'wherein R′, R′, R′, R′, R″, R″, R″, R″ are each phenyl.'}10. The compound according to claim 1 ,{' ...

METHOD FOR PREPARING ISOPRENOL-ALKOXYLATE COMPOSITIONS HAVING A LOW ISOPRENE-CONTENT

The present invention relates to methods for preparing a composition comprising an isoprenol-alkoxylate having an isoprene-content of not more than 1000 ppm. The present invention also relates to compositions prepared or obtainable by such methods. The present invention further relates to the use of peroxides for decreasing the isoprene-content in a composition. 120.-. (canceled)21. A method for preparing a composition comprising an isoprenol-alkoxylate having an isoprene-content of not more than 1000 said method comprising the following steps:(a) reacting isoprenol with at least one alkylene oxide and a catalyst at a temperature between 50° C. and 200° C.;(b) optionally eliminating residual oxide;(c) optionally adding an inert gas or adding and subsequently removing water or water steam;(d) adding a peroxide or peroxide generating compound to the mixture resulting from (a) to (c); and(e) homogenizing the mixture resulting from (d).22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the homogenizing step (e) is performed at a temperature of 0° C. to 160° C.23. The method of claim 21 , wherein said peroxide or peroxide generating compound in step (d) is selected from the group consisting of peracetic acid and salts thereof claim 21 , hydrogen peroxide and salts thereof claim 21 , NaO claim 21 , KO claim 21 , perborates claim 21 , and other alkaline earth metal or peroxide salts.24. The method of claim 21 , wherein said peroxide is added as aqueous solution.25. The method of claim 24 , wherein said aqueous peroxide solution contains 1 to 95% peroxide.26. The method of claim 21 , wherein said mixture resulting from (d) contains 1 to 10 claim 21 ,000 ppm peroxide at tafter addition of the peroxide.27. The method of claim 21 , wherein the pH of said composition comprising an isoprenol-alkoxylate is adjusted to 2 to 12 as measured in 10% aqueous solution.28. The method of claim 21 , wherein said composition is free or essentially free of polymerization catalysts selected from the group ...

OXIDATION PROCESS

A process utilizing nitric acid and oxygen as co-oxidants to oxidize aldehydes, alcohols, polyols, preferably carbohydrates, specifically reducing sugars to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids. 1. A method of synthesizing a mixture of organic acids , the method comprising the steps of:(a) combining, over time, in one or more closed reaction vessels, under a positive pressure of oxygen and with continuous mixing, an organic compound suitable for nitric acid oxidation and an aqueous solution of nitric acid to form a first reaction mixture, wherein the organic compound and the aqueous solution of nitric acid are introduced into the one or more closed reaction vessels;(b) flowing said first reaction mixture through the one or more reaction vessels while maintaining a controlled temperature of from about 5° C. to about 105° C. and controlled positive pressure of oxygen of from about 0 bar g to about 1000 bar g for a time period suitable to oxidize the organic compound to a subsequent reaction mixture comprising a mixture of organic acid products and nitrogen oxides;(c) recirculating the subsequent reaction mixture to the reaction vessel vapor space headspace; and(d) recovering nitric acid from the subsequent reaction mixture.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more closed reaction vessels comprises one or more reactors.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more closed reaction vessels are in series (continuous) or in parallel with one another (batch).4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reactor is a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTRs) or a tubular type plug flow reactor.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a continuous process.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a batch process.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic compound comprises a single organic material or a mixture of organic materials suitable for nitric acid oxidation.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of removing a ...

NITRIC ACID OXIDATION PROCESS

A process utilizing nitric acid and oxygen as co-oxidants to oxidize aldehydes, alcohols, polyols, preferably carbohydrates, specifically reducing sugars to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids. 1. A method of synthesizing a mixture of organic acids , the method comprising the steps of:(a) combining, over time, in one or more closed reaction vessels, under a positive pressure of oxygen and with continuous stirring mixing an organic compound suitable for nitric acid oxidation and an aqueous solution of nitric acid to form a reaction mixture, wherein the organic compound and the aqueous solution of nitric acid are concurrently introduced into the one or more closed reaction vessels;(b) flowing said reaction mixture through the one or more closed reaction vessels while (i) maintaining a controlled temperature of from about 5° C. to about 105° C. in a portion of the reaction vessel, (ii) maintaining a reaction vessel headspace temperature of from about 80° C. to about −42° C.; and (iii) a controlled positive pressure of oxygen of from about 0 bar g to about 1000 bar g for a time period suitable to oxidize the organic compound to a subsequent reaction mixture comprising a mixture of organic acid products and nitrogen oxides; and(c) removing most of nitric acid from the subsequent reaction mixture to give a final reaction mixture of organic acids suitable for further processing.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more closed reaction vessels comprises one or more reactors.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more closed reaction vessels are in series (continuous) or in parallel (batch) with one another.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the reactor is a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTRs) or a tubular type plug flow reactor.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a continuous process.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a batch process.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic compound comprises a single organic ...

HIGH-ACTIVITY DOUBLE-METAL-CYANIDE CATALYST, METHOD FOR FABRICATING THE SAME, AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME

A high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst, a method for fabricating the same, and applications of the same are disclosed. An organic complexing ligand, which is formed via mixing fatty alcohols and alicyclic carbonates, is used to generate a high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst. The high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst includes at least one double-metal-cyanide compound, at least one organic complexing ligand, and an optional functionalized polymer. The double-metal-cyanide catalyst of the present invention has a higher activity than the conventional double-metal-cyanide catalysts. The polyols generated by the present invention has an insignificant amount of high-molecular-weight compounds. 2. The high-activity double-metal-cyanide catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein said double-metal-cyanide compound is a product of an reaction of at least one metal salt and at least one metal cyanide salt claim 1 , and {'br': None, 'sub': 'n', 'M(X)\u2003\u2003(II)'}, 'wherein said metal salt has a general formula expressed by Equation (II)wherein M in equation (II) is selected from a group including bivalent zinc (Zn (II)), bivalent iron (Fe (II)), bivalent nickel (Ni (II)), bivalent manganese (Mn (II)), bivalent cobalt (Co (II)), bivalent tin (Sn (II)), bivalent lead (Pb (II)), trivalent iron (Fe (III)), tetravalent molybdenum (Mo (IV)), hexavalent molybdenum (Mo (VI)), trivalent aluminum (Al (III)), pentavalent vanadium (V (V)), tetravalent vanadium (V (IV)), bivalent strontium (Sr (II)), tetravalent tungsten (W (IV)), hexavalent tungsten (W (VI)), bivalent copper (Cu (II)), and trivalent chromium (Cr (III)), andwherein X is selected from a group including halogens, hydroxyl ion, sulfate ion, carbonate ion, cyanide ion, isocyanide ion, isothiocyanate ion, carboxylate ion, and nitrate ion, and {'br': None, 'sub': a', 'b', 'c, '(M′)M(CN)(A)\u2003\u2003(III)'}, 'wherein n equals 1-3 and charges in Equation (II) are in balance, and wherein said metal cyanide ...

DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC PEROXIDES AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BY THE IRON THIOLATES AND RELATED COMPLEXES

Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or disproportionating peroxide, comprising combining an organic chalcogenide, an iron salt, and the peroxide in the presence of an additional reductant, which can be the organic chalcogenide. The method can be used to, e.g., prepare alcohols from peroxides and to disproportionate hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. 1. A method of decomposing a peroxide , comprising combining:an organic chalcogenide;an optional reductant;an iron salt; andthe peroxide;wherein decomposing the peroxide comprises reducing the peroxide or disproportionating the peroxide.29.-. (canceled)11. The method of claim 10 , wherein R′ is (i) hydrogen.12. The method of claim 10 , wherein R′ is (ii) Calkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 R.1319.-. (canceled)20. The method of claim 10 , wherein Ris (ii) Calkyl optionally substituted with 1-3 R.2128.-. (canceled)29. The method of claim 1 , wherein Rand R claim 1 , taken together with the oxygen atoms they are bonded to claim 1 , form a 5-10-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1-6 heteroatoms selected from O claim 1 , S claim 1 , and N claim 1 , wherein the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with 1-6 R.3041.-. (canceled)42. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic chalcogenide is a thiolate of Formula A2:{'br': None, 'sup': 10', '−, 'R—S'}wherein:{'sup': '10', 'claim-text': [{'sub': '1-6', 'sup': 'm', '(i) Calkyl optionally substituted with from 1-4 R;'}, {'sub': '6-10', 'sup': 'm', '(ii) —Caryl optionally substituted with from 1-4 R;'}, {'sup': 'm', '(iii) -5-10 membered heteroaryl, wherein 1-4 ring atoms are each independently selected from the group consisting of N, NH, O, and S, wherein the heteroaryl is optionally substituted with from 1-4 R;'}, {'sub': '3-10', 'sup': 'm', '(iv) —Ccycloalkyl wherein the cycloalkyl is optionally substituted with from 1-4 R; and'}, {'sup': 'm', '(v) —5-10 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with 1-4 R;'}], 'Ris selected from the ...

PROCESS FOR THE THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF A CARBON-BASED FEEDSTOCK TO SYNTHESIS GAS CONTAINING PREDOMINANTLY H2 AND CO

The invention relates to a novel process for the thermochemical conversion of a carbon-based feedstock to synthesis gas containing predominantly hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO). The process comprises (a) oxycombustion of the carbon-based feedstock to create a cogeneration of electricity and of heat; (b) high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) of water using at least the heat produced according to step (a); and (c) reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction starting from the carbon dioxide (CO) produced according to step (a) and the hydrogen (H) produced according to step (b). 1. Process for the thermochemical conversion of a carbon-based feedstock to synthesis gas containing predominantly hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO) , comprising the following steps:(a) oxycombustion of the carbon-based feedstock to create a cogeneration of electricity and of heat;(b) high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) of water using at least the heat produced according to step (a);{'sub': 2', '2, '(c) reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction starting from the carbon dioxide (CO) produced according to step (a) and the hydrogen (H) produced according to step (b).'}2. Process for the thermochemical conversion of a carbon-based feedstock to synthesis gas according to claim 1 , wherein the high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) of water of step (b) is also carried out using the electricity produced according to step (a).3. Process for the thermochemical conversion of a carbon-based feedstock to synthesis gas according to claim 1 , wherein all the oxygen produced by the electrolysis (HTE) according to step (b) is used as oxidising agent of the oxycombustion step (a).4. Process for the thermochemical conversion of a carbon-based feedstock to synthesis gas according to claim 1 , wherein only part of the oxygen produced by the electrolysis (HTE) according to step (b) is used as oxidising agent of the oxycombustion step (a) claim 1 , the other part being recovered.5. Process for the thermochemical ...

Azidomethyl Ether Deprotection Method

The invention relates to a method of converting an azidomethyl ether substituent to a free hydroxyl group. The invention also relates to methods of nucleic acid synthesis and sequencing comprising the use of nucleotide triphosphates having a 3′-O-azidomethyl substituent, to kits comprising nucleotide triphosphates having a 3′-O-azidomethyl substituent and photoactivatable transition metal complex and to the use of said kits in methods of nucleic acid synthesis and sequencing. 1. A method of converting an azidomethyl ether substituent to a free hydroxyl group wherein said method comprises the step of exposing a compound having said azidomethyl ether substituent to a photoactivated transition metal complex.2. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the photoactivated transition metal complex comprises a transition metal selected from ruthenium claim 1 , platinum claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , rhodium and osmium.3. The method as defined in claim 2 , wherein the transition metal is ruthenium.4. The method as defined in any one of to claim 2 , wherein the photoactivated transition metal complex comprises a ligand which is a mono-dentate or bidentate ligand selected from phosphine claim 2 , thiocynate claim 2 , nitrogen claim 2 , pyridine claim 2 , phenanthroline claim 2 , cyclopentadienyl and N-heterocyclic carbine based ligands.5. The method as defined in claim 4 , wherein the photoactivated transition metal complex comprises a pyridine ligand claim 4 , such as a bipyridine ligand.6. The method as defined in claim 5 , wherein the photoactivated transition metal complex is tris(2 claim 5 ,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)).7. The method as defined in any one of to claim 5 , wherein the azidomethyl ether is present on a ribose or deoxyribose sugar moiety.8. The method as defined in claim 7 , wherein the azidomethyl ether is a 2′ or 3′-O-azidomethyl.9. The method as defined in any one of to claim 7 , which comprises the step of exposing a compound having said azidomethyl ether ...

SILP CATALYST FOR HYDROFORMYLATION OF OLEFINS WITH SYNTHESIS GAS

SILP catalyst for the hydroformylation of olefins with synthesis gas, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one spherical catalyst pellet of radius R, characterized in that the catalyst complies with the following SILP modulus: 6. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that φis less than 3.12. SILP catalyst according claim 7 , characterized in that φis less than 3.13. SILP catalyst according to claim 7 , characterized in that the catalyst has at least one ligand having the structure of 2 claim 7 ,2′-(3 claim 7 ,3′-di-tert-butyl-5 claim 7 ,5′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2 claim 7 ,2′-diyl)bis(oxy)bis/4 claim 7 ,4 claim 7 ,5 claim 7 ,5-tetraphenyl-1 claim 7 ,3 claim 7 ,2-dioxaphospholane) claim 7 , also known as benzopinacol.14. SILP catalyst according to claim 7 , characterized in that the catalyst has a transition metal central atom selected from the group comprising rhodium claim 7 , cobalt claim 7 , ruthenium claim 7 , iridium claim 7 , palladium claim 7 , platinum and iron. The present invention relates to an SILP catalyst for hydroformylation of olefins with synthesis gas and also to a process for hydroformylating olefins with synthesis gas by using said catalyst.The reaction of olefin compounds with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to form aldehydes is known as hydroformylation/oxonation or as Roelen reaction:Illustration A: Reaction Scheme for Hydroformylation of OlefinsHomogeneous type catalyst complexes for the hydroformylation reaction generally have the generic structure HM(CO)L, where M is a transition metal atom capable of forming metal carbonyl hydrides and L is one or more than one ligand.Preferred transition metals for use in the aforementioned catalyst complexes are cobalt and rhodium, while ruthenium, iridium, palladium, platinum and iron are less preferable. Starting with the discovery of phosphane-modified catalysts in 1968, ligand-modified cobalt and rhodium catalysts have come to represent the state of the ...

PRE-VAPOR FORMULATION FOR FORMATION OF ORGANIC ACIDS DURING OPERATION OF AN E-VAPING DEVICE

A pre-vapor formulation of an e-vaping device including a vapor former, nicotine, sugars or polysaccharide carbohydrates, an oxidant, and a base. A method of increasing stability of ingredients of a pre-vapor formulation includes mixing a vapor former, nicotine, sugars and/or polysaccharide carbohydrates, an oxidant and an added base, catalyzing a reaction between the sugars or polysaccharide carbohydrates, the oxidant and the base, and generating acids via a reaction therebetween, wherein a concentration of the nicotine in a vapor phase of the vapor is equal to or smaller than substantially 1% by weight. 1. A pre-vapor formulation of an e-vaping device , the pre-vapor formulation comprising:nicotine;at least one of a sugar and a polysaccharide carbohydrate;at least one oxidant;at least one added base; anda vapor former configured to form a vapor.2. The pre-vapor formulation of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sugar comprises sugar including at least one of fructose claim 1 , glucose claim 1 , galactose claim 1 , maltose and xylose.3. The pre-vapor formulation of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the at least one sugar is between about 1% and about 30% by weight.4. The pre-vapor formulation of claim 1 , wherein the at least one polysaccharide carbohydrate includes at least one of starch claim 1 , cellulose and pectin.5. The pre-vapor formulation of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the polysaccharide carbohydrate is 1% to 10% by weight.6. The pre-vapor formulation of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oxidant comprises a metal oxide.7. The pre-vapor formulation of claim 6 , wherein the metal oxide comprises at least one of copper oxide claim 6 , zinc oxide and iron oxide.8. The pre-vapor formulation of claim 1 , wherein the at least one added base comprises at least one of sodium hydroxide claim 1 , acetone claim 1 , ammonia claim 1 , calcium hydroxide claim 1 , lithium hydroxide claim 1 , potassium hydroxide claim 1 , pyridine claim 1 , and zinc hydroxide.9 ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS EMPLOYING AN INCLINED DIGESTION UNIT FOR HYDROTHERMAL DIGESTION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS SOLIDS

Maintaining long residence times during hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by a number of factors, including biomass compaction. Advantages in this regard may be realized by digesting cellulosic biomass solids in an inclined digestion unit. Such methods can comprise: introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a hydrothermal digestion unit comprising one or more inclined surfaces therein; introducing a fluid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst to the hydrothermal digestion unit, the slurry catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen; supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen from a source disposed along each inclined surface as the cellulosic biomass solids descend along each inclined surface; and heating the cellulosic biomass solids as they descend along each inclined surface in the presence of the slurry catalyst and the molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids. 1. A method comprising:introducing cellulosic biomass solids to a hydrothermal digestion unit comprising one or more inclined surfaces therein;introducing a fluid phase digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst to the hydrothermal digestion unit, the slurry catalyst being capable of activating molecular hydrogen;wherein, once introduced to the hydrothermal digestion unit, the cellulosic biomass solids, the fluid phase digestion medium, and the slurry catalyst descend along the one or more inclined surfaces;supplying an upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen through the cellulosic biomass solids as they descend along the one or more inclined surfaces, the upwardly directed flow of molecular hydrogen being supplied from a source disposed along each inclined surface; andheating the cellulosic biomass solids as they descend along the one or more inclined surfaces in the presence of the slurry catalyst and the molecular hydrogen, thereby forming an alcoholic ...

COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF PROMOTING ORGANIC PHOTOCATALYSIS

The invention provides novel compounds and methods that are useful in promoting reactions that proceed through an oxidative quenching pathway. In certain embodiments, the reactions comprise atom transfer radical polymerization. 1. A method of promoting reaction of at least one reagent , wherein the reaction comprises a quenching step , wherein the method comprises irradiating the at least one reagent in the presence of an organic compound with an excited-state reduction potential that is equal to or more negative than about −1.0 V vs. SCE.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the excited state comprises a singlet or triplet excited state.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the excited-state reduction potential is equal to or more negative than one selected from the group consisting of about −2.4 V vs. SCE claim 1 , −2.3 V vs. SCE claim 1 , about −2.2 V vs. SCE claim 1 , about −2.1 V vs. SCE claim 1 , about −2.0 V vs. SCE and about −1.5 V vs. SCE.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of atom transfer radical addition/polymerization claim 1 , dehalogenation claim 1 , cycloaddition claim 1 , cyclization claim 1 , dimerization claim 1 , coupling claim 1 , reduction claim 1 , ring-opening claim 1 , alkylation claim 1 , arylation claim 1 , oxygenation claim 1 , energy transfer claim 1 , and radical addition.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction comprises atom transfer radical addition/polymerization.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one reagent comprises a (meth)acrylate and an organic halide.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the organic halide comprises an α-halo ester.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction is essentially free of a metal or metalloid.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the radiation comprises visible light.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the radiation comprises sunlight or a natural light source.11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the radiation comprises ...

FAST CATALYZED HYPOHALOUS OXIDATION OF ALCOHOL GROUPS

An improved process for oxidation of at least one alcohol group of at least one chemical compound to the corresponding carbonyl group. Said process is carried out in the presence of a buffered oxidative hypohalous solution and of a nitroxide oxidation catalyst. It is characteristically carried out within a micro-reactor; the buffered oxidative hypohalous solution being extemporaneously prepared at a buffered pH comprised between 7 and less than 8.5 (7≦pH<8.5). 1. A process for oxidation of at least one alcohol group of at least one chemical compound to the corresponding carbonyl group , in the presence of a buffered oxidative hypohalous solution and of a nitroxide oxidation catalyst , wherein it is carried out within a micro-reactor and wherein the buffered oxidative hypohalous solution is extemporaneously prepared at a buffered pH comprised between 7 and less than 8.5 (7≦pH<8.5) , advantageously comprised between 7.5 and 8.4 (7.5≦pH≦8.4).2. The process according to wherein it is carried out for the oxidation of primary alcohol group(s) and wherein the buffered oxidative hypohalous solution is extemporaneously prepared at a buffered pH between 7.8 and 8.2 (7.8≦pH≦8.2).3. The process according to wherein it is carried out for the oxidation of secondary alcohol group(s) and wherein the buffered oxidative hypohalous solution is extemporaneously prepared at a buffered pH between 8 and 8.4 (8≦pH≦8.4).4. The process according to wherein the buffered oxidative hypohalous solution is extemporaneously batchwise prepared outside the micro-reactor before its introduction into said micro-reactor.5. The process according to wherein the buffered oxidative hypohalous solution is extemporaneously in-line prepared.6. The process according to wherein it is carried out with a concentration of the catalyst less than 5 mol % claim 1 , advantageously less than 2 mol % claim 1 , very advantageously less than 0.5 mol %.7. The process according to wherein it is carried out for the oxidation ...

CATALYTIC METHODS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ALCOHOL FROM AN ALKANE

The present invention generally relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods for oxidation of an alkane (e.g., methane) into an alcohol (e.g., methanol) in the presence of a catalyst.

LIGNIN PROCESSING

A method of depolymerising a lignin includes oxidising the lignin to provide an oxidised lignin wherein benzylic —OH of β-O-4 linkages have been converted to carbonyl. The oxidised lignin is depolymerised with a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium, aluminium and titanium or mixtures thereof, in the presence of an ammonium salt or carbon dioxide. Also described are methods for manufacturing phenolic products from lignin and a method for the cleavage of a β-O-4 linkage in a substrate. 128-. (canceled)29. A method of depolymerizing a lignin , the method comprising:oxidizing the lignin to provide an oxidized lignin wherein benzylic —OH of β-O-4 linkages have been converted to carbonyl; anddepolymerizing the oxidized lignin with a metal selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium, aluminum and titanium or mixtures thereof, in the presence of an ammonium salt or carbon dioxide.30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the oxidizing agent for the lignin comprises a quinone.31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the lignin is oxidized with molecular oxygen in the presence of the quinone and a source of nitrogen dioxide.32. The method of claim 30 , wherein the process is carried out as a one pot process claim 30 , with both the oxidation and depolymerization steps carried out one after the other.33. The method of claim 30 , wherein the quinone is selected from the group consisting of: 2 claim 30 ,3-dichloro-5 claim 30 ,6-dicyano-1 claim 30 ,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) claim 30 , p-chloroanil claim 30 , o-chloroanil claim 30 , benzoquinone claim 30 , 2-chloroanthroquinone claim 30 , and 1 claim 30 ,4 claim 30 ,5 claim 30 ,8-tetrachloroanthroquinone.34. The method of claim 31 , wherein the source of nitrogen dioxide is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl nitrites claim 31 , nitrogen dioxide (NO) claim 31 , nitrite salts claim 31 , nitric acid/hydrochloric acid mixtures and nitric oxide (NO).35. The method of claim 31 , wherein the quinone is ...

Process for Producing Phenol

In a process for producing phenol and/or cyclohexanone, a cleavage reaction mixture containing cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-hydroperoxide and cyclohexylbenzene is contacted with sulfuric acid and water under cleavage conditions effective to form a cleavage reaction effluent containing phenol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, water, sulfuric acid and 1-phenylcyclohexanol. At least a portion of the cleavage reaction effluent is neutralized with a basic material to produce a neutralized cleavage product and at least a portion of the neutralized cleavage product is supplied in the absence of an added dehydration catalyst to a distillation column. The distillation column is operated so that at least a portion of the neutralized cleavage product is exposed to a temperature greater than 70° C. at at least one location in the distillation column whereby at least a portion of the 1-phenylcyclohexanol in the neutralized cleavage product is dehydrated to phenylcyclohexene. 1. A process for producing phenol and/or cyclohexanone , the process comprising:(a) providing a cleavage reaction mixture containing cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-hydroperoxide and cyclohexylbenzene;(b) contacting at least a portion of the cleavage reaction mixture with sulfuric acid and water under cleavage conditions effective to form a cleavage reaction effluent containing phenol, cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene, water, sulfuric acid, and 1-phenylcyclohexanol;(c) neutralizing at least a portion of the cleavage reaction effluent with a basic material to produce a neutralized cleavage product; and(d) supplying at least a portion of the neutralized cleavage product in the absence of an added dehydration catalyst to a distillation column which is operated so that at least a portion of the neutralized cleavage product is exposed to a temperature greater than 70° C. at at least one location in the distillation column whereby at least a portion of the 1-phenylcyclohexanol in the neutralized cleavage product is dehydrated to ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALDEHYDE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALCOHOL

The present invention relates to a method for producing an aldehyde by a hydroformylation reaction of reacting an olefin with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a Group 8 to 10 metal-phosphine complex catalyst, including the following steps (1) and (2): (1) a step of oxidizing by withdrawing a reaction solution having accumulated therein a high-boiling-point byproduct from a reaction zone and bringing the withdrawn reaction solution into contact with an oxygen-containing gas, and (2) a step of, after the step (1), mixing a poor solvent and hydrogen with the reaction solution, then crystallizing the Group 8 to 10 metal-phosphine complex catalyst by crystallization, and recovering the crystallized complex catalyst from the reaction solution. 1. A method for producing an aldehyde by a hydroformylation reaction of reacting an olefin with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a Group 8 to 10 metal-phosphine complex catalyst , comprising the following steps (1) and (2):(1) a step of oxidizing by withdrawing a reaction solution having accumulated therein a high-boiling-point byproduct from a reaction zone and bringing the withdrawn reaction solution into contact with an oxygen-containing gas, and(2) a step of, after the step (1), mixing a poor solvent and hydrogen with the reaction solution, then crystallizing the Group 8 to 10 metal-phosphine complex catalyst by crystallization, and recovering the crystallized complex catalyst from the reaction solution.2. The aldehyde production method according to claim 1 , wherein in the oxidation claim 1 , an alkyl-substituted phosphine in the reaction solution is converted to an alkyl-substituted phosphine oxide.3. The aldehyde production method according to claim 1 , wherein in the oxidation claim 1 , a cluster complex in the reaction solution is decomposed.4. The aldehyde production method according to claim 2 , wherein an oxidation ratio of the alkyl-substituted phosphine is from 5 to 80%.5. The aldehyde ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING GLYCOLS FROM OXIRANE COMPOUNDS

The objective of the present invention is to provide a method for the highly selective production of dipropylene glycol containing 1,1′-oxybis-2-propanol in a proportion of 0.10 to 0.70 and/or tripropylene glycol containing 1,1′[(1-methyl-1,2-ethanediyl) bis (oxy)]bis-2-propanol in a proportion of 0.10 to 0.70. The present invention is a method for producing dipropylene glycol containing 1,1′-oxybis-2-propanol in a proportion of 0.10 to 0.70 and/or tripropylene glycol containing 1,1′[(1-methyl-1,2-ethanediyl) bis (oxy)]bis-2-propanol in a proportion of 0.10 to 0.70, the method comprising a reaction step of making a reactant comprising propylene oxide and water react in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, niobium, and tantalum, and the Hammett acidity function (H) of the catalyst satisfies H≦9.3. 1. A method for producing dipropylene glycol containing 1 ,1′-oxybis-2-propanol in a proportion of 0.10 to 0.70 and/or tripropylene glycol containing 1 ,1′-[(1-methyl-1 ,2-ethanediyl)bis(oxy)]bis-2-propanol in a proportion of 0.10 to 0.70 , the method comprising a reaction step of making a reactant comprising propylene oxide and water react in the presence of a catalyst , wherein the catalyst comprises at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium , niobium , and tantalum , and the Hammett acidity function (H) of the catalyst satisfies H≦9.3.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises an alkali metal and/or an alkaline earth metal claim 1 , and the ratio of the total number of moles of the alkali metal and the alkaline earth metal contained in the catalyst to the total number of moles of vanadium claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , and tantalum contained in the catalyst is 0.5/l or less.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reactant further comprises propylene glycol.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the reactant further ...

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF LIGNIN TO USEFUL COMPOUNDS

This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The continuous process further utilizes nanoparticles of a crystalline metal oxide. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for the conversion of a lignin biomass feedstream to a converted lignin stream said process comprising the steps of:A) combining the lignin biomass feedstream with a catalyst comprising nickel oxide and a liquid solvent in a reaction vessel,B) hydrogenating the lignin biomass feedstream at a hydrogenation temperature and a hydrogenation pressure for a hydrogenation time wherein the hydrogen is derived from the group consisting of a hydrogen donor and direct hydrogen gas addition, andC) deoxygenating the hydrogenated lignin biomass at a deoxygenation temperature and a deoxygenation pressure for a deoxygenation time.17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the hydrogenation temperature is in the range selected from the group consisting of 190° C. to 370° C. claim 16 , 210° C. to 370° C. claim 16 , 220° C. to 360° C. claim 16 , 240° C. to 360° C. claim 16 , 250° C. to 360° C. claim 16 , 280° C. to 360° C. claim 16 , 290° C. to 350° C. claim 16 , and 300° C. to 330° C.18. The process of claim 16 , wherein the hydrogenation pressure is in a range selected from the group consisting of 70 bar to 300 bar claim 16 , 80 bar to 245 bar claim 16 , 82 bar to 242 bar claim 16 , 82 bar to 210 bar claim 16 , 90 bar to 207 bar and 90 bar to 172 bar.19. The process of claim 16 , wherein ...

REACTORS AND METHODS FOR PROCESSES INVOLVING PARTIAL OXIDATION REACTIONS

Described herein are improved chemical reactors for carrying out partial oxidation reactions. The chemical reactor permits the use of levels of oxygen above the lower explosion limit (LEL) typically used in partial oxidation reactions, which increases both volumetric reactivity and conversion per pass, resulting in reduced separation and reactant recycle costs. Also described are methods of using the reactors. 1. A reactor suitable for conducting a partial oxidative reaction , wherein the reactor comprises a vessel comprising a process channel and a composite catalyst structure ,wherein the composite catalyst structure comprises a catalyst layer, comprising a substrate and a catalyst, andwherein at least a portion of the composite catalyst structure has a porous heat transfer structure configured to quench free radicals and prevent explosions or propagation of a fire during the partial oxidative reaction.2. The reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a flow distribution layer on top of the composite catalyst structure claim 1 , wherein the vessel further comprises an inlet claim 1 , and wherein the inlet is located above the flow distribution layer.3. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the composite catalyst structure further comprises a barrier layer configured to prevent the catalyst from migrating out of the catalyst bed claim 1 , a heat spreader layer configured to dissipate heat claim 1 , or both.4. The reactor of claim 3 , wherein the heat spreader layer has a thermal conductivity of at least 10 W/m-K claim 3 , optionally greater than 45 W/m-K claim 3 , 65 W/m-K claim 3 , or 100 W/m-K.5. The reactor of claim 4 , wherein the heat spreader layer comprises a metal or a metal alloy claim 4 , optionally wherein the heat spreader layer contains two layers claim 4 , where the first layer is a flame blocking layer that contains a higher metal fraction than the metal fraction of the second layer claim 4 , wherein the second layer is a quenching layer.6. The reactor of ...

SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF CHIRAL SUBSTITUTED POLYVINYLPYRROLIDINONES

Chiral polyvinylpyrrolidinone (CSPVP), complexes of CSPVP with a core species, such as a metallic nanocluster catalyst, and enantioselective oxidation reactions utilizing such complexes are disclosed. The CSPVP complexes can be used in asymmetric oxidation of diols, enantioselective oxidation of alkenes, and carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, for example. The CSPVP can also be complexed with biomolecules such as proteins, DNA, and RNA, and used as nanocarriers for siRNA or dsRNA delivery. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ris selected from the group consisting of CHPh claim 1 , CHO-t-Bu claim 1 , CHCHCH claim 1 , CH(1-Naph) claim 1 , CHOH claim 1 , CHOCHPh claim 1 , and CHOCH(α-Me-CH) claim 1 , or Ris selected from the group consisting of OR′ (where R′ is an ester or alkyl group) claim 1 , CH claim 1 , an alkyl group claim 1 , CHOH claim 1 , and the other of Rand Ris H or OH claim 1 , and n is greater than 250.3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein said compound has a molecular weight of at least 50 claim 1 ,000.4. A chiral substituted polyvinylpyrrolidinone compound comprising an acetonide moiety attached to the pyrrolidine ring.6. A complex comprising the chiral substituted polyvinylpyrrolidinone compound of bound to a core species selected from the group consisting of nanoparticulate materials claim 1 , proteins claim 1 , DNA claim 1 , siRNA claim 1 , and dsRNA.7. The complex of claim 6 , wherein the complex comprises a nanoparticle cluster.8. The complex of claim 7 , wherein the nanoparticle cluster comprises one or more metals.9. The complex of claim 8 , wherein the nanoparticle cluster comprises one or more metals selected from the group consisting of Au claim 8 , Pd claim 8 , Cu claim 8 , Ce claim 8 , Mo claim 8 , Ni claim 8 , Ru claim 8 , W claim 8 , and Fe.10. The complex of claim 8 , wherein the nanoparticle cluster is bimetallic.11. The complex of claim 6 , wherein the bimetallic nanoparticle cluster is selected from the group consisting of Pd/Au ...

Method for producing organic acids and organic acid degradation compounds from biomass

A method and integrated reactor system are provided for producing one or more organic acids, organic acid degradation compounds, and combinations thereof, from various types of biomass, including sludge from a pulp and paper mill.

Preparative method for carboxylic acids

A preparative method for carboxylic acids is disclosed in the present invention. The method is characterized in that: compounds (II) are reacted in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and base to produce target products (I), as represented by the following reaction scheme: wherein Ris aryl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, thiadiazolyl, Calkyl, Ccycloalkyl, Calkenyl, Calkynyl and hydrogen; Ris alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylthiolcarbonyl, cyano, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, carbonyl, aldehyde, carboxyl, nitro, alkyl and hydrogen; Ris alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl amido carbonyl, aminocarbonyl, cyano, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, carbonyl, carboxyl and nitro. The present invention has the following main benefits: cheap and readily available starting materials, safe processes, high yield, good quality, which facilitates industrial production. 2. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the Ris the aryl and the pyridyl; the Ris the alkoxycarbonyl claim 1 , an alkylaminocarbonyl claim 1 , the aminocarbonyl and the cyano; Ris the cyano and the alkoxycarbonyl.3. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the Ris a C-Caryl and the pyridyl;{'sup': 2', '3, 'the Ris the alkoxycarbonyl and the aminocarbonyl; the Ris cyano.'}4. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the Ris the aryl and the pyridyl which are substituted by an ortho electron-withdrawing group; the Ris alkoxycarbonyl.5. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein compounds (II) are further ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate claim 1 , ethyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate claim 1 , ethyl 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate claim 1 , methyl 2-cyano-2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-nitrophenyl)acetate claim 1 , methyl 2-cyano-2-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate claim 1 , isopropyl 2-cyano-2-(2-nitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetate claim 1 , isopropyl 2-cyano-2-(4-( ...

Chiral Cyclodecynes and Methods

Provided herein are cyclodecynes, including chiral cyclodecynes, and methods of making cyclodecynes. The methods may include providing a 1,1′-biaryl compound substituted independently at the 2-position and the 2′-position with a hydroxyl or an amino group; and contacting the 1,1′-biaryl compound with a protected but-2-yne-1,4-diol to form the cyclodecyne. 1. A method of making a cyclodecyne , the method comprising:providing a 1,1′-biaryl compound substituted independently at the 2-position and the 2′-position with a hydroxyl or an amino group; andcontacting the 1,1′-biaryl compound with a protected but-2-yne-1,4-diol to form the cyclodecyne;wherein the amino group comprises a primary amine, a secondary amine, or a tertiary amine.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protected but-2-yne-1 claim 1 ,4-diol comprises tosylate protecting groups.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protected but-2-yne-1 claim 1 ,4-diol comprises nosylate protecting groups.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs at ambient temperature and ambient pressure.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs in the presence of a base.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the base comprises CsCO.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs in the presence of CsCO claim 1 , CHCN claim 1 , dimethyl formamide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclodecyne is an (R)-cyclodecyne.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cyclodecyne is an (S)-cyclodecyne. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/524,743, filed Jun. 26, 2017, which is incorporated herein by reference.Click chemistry has the potential to achieve functional group orthogonality, high yields, and/or other advantages in diverse applications, ranging from surface functionalization to drug delivery. However, the utility of a prototypical click reaction, the Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, can be hampered by the toxicity ...

Process for the hydroformylation of olefinic unsaturated compounds

Hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated compounds is carried out as follows. (a) The olefinic compounds are reacted in a heterogeneous reaction system with an aqueous solution containing water-soluble complexes of rhodium compounds and organic phosphorus (III) compounds as catalysts, at 0.4-10 MPa; and (b) the exhaust gas produced is subjected to a second reaction, in which residual olefinically unsaturated compounds still present in the gas are converted in a homogeneous reaction system in the presence of complex compound of Rh with organic P(III) compounds as catalysts at 15-40 MPa.

Method for producing saturated alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acids

The invention relates to a method for catalytically oxidizing unsaturated hydrocarbons to form oxidation products, and to the production of saturated alcohols, ketones, aldehydes or carboxylic acids by subsequently hydrogenating the oxidation product. A compound of formula (I) is used as a catalyst during oxidizing in which: R1, R2 = H, an aliphatic or aromatic alkoxy radical, carboxyl radical, alkoxycarbonyl radical or hydrocarbon radical, each having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, SO¿3?H, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, I and/or NO2, whereby R?1 and R2¿ signify identical or different radicals or R?1 and R2¿ can be coupled to one another via a covalent bond, with Q1, Q2 = the same or different, C, CH, N; X, Z = C, S or CH¿2?; Y = O or OH; k = 0, 1 or 2; l = 0, 1 or 2; m = 1 to 100 in the presence of a radical initiator. Peroxy compounds or azo compounds can be used as radical initiators. Preferred substrates are cyclic aliphatic or aromatic compounds.

Alkoxylation process

Alkanol alkoxylates having utility, for instance, as nonionic surfactants in detergent formulations are prepared by the reaction of C 1 to C 30 alkanols with C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxides in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a co-catalyst combination comprising as a first component one or more soluble, basic compounds of magnesium and as a second component one or more soluble compounds of at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, boron, zinc, titanium, silicon, molybdenum, vanadium, gallium, germanium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, tungsten, hafnium, tantalum, thallium, lead, and bismuth.

Process for preparing aryl allyl ethers

A process for preparing an allyl ether including reacting (a) a phenolic compound with (b) an allyl carboxylate or an allyl carbonate in the presence of (c) a transition metal or rare earth metal catalyst complexed with at least one strongly bonded, non-replaceable stable ligand whereby an allyl ether is formed. The ligand of the transition metal or rare earth metal catalyst complex may be (i) an olefinic-containing ligand or aromatic-containing ligand; or (ii) a polymeric ligand or a heteroatom-containing multidentate ligand.

Method for producing 2-alkenyl ether compound

Provided is a method wherein a compound having a hydroxyl group and a compound having a 2-alkenyl group other than an allyl alcohol are used as starting materials so as to efficiently produce a corresponding 2-alkenyl ether compound at low cost. A 2-alkenyl ether is produced by 2-alkenylating a compound having a hydroxyl group with use of a compound having a specific 2-alkenyl group in the presence of a catalyst that is composed of a complexing agent and a transition metal complex that is stabilized by a monovalent anionic five-membered conjugated diene.

Process for preparing aryl allyl ethers

A process for preparing an aryl allyl ether is disclosed comprising reacting (a) a phenolic compound with (b) an allyl acetate in the presence of (c) an allylation catalyst selected from a ruthenium or rare earth metal catalyst complex comprising at least one stable ligand containing a substituted aromatic-containing moiety, wherein the aromatic-containing ligand is cyclopentadienyl (Cp), pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*), indenyl (In), or 9-fluorenyl (F1), or a substituted olefinic-containing ligand, wherein the olefinic moiety is a cyclooctadienyl (COD) or butyldienyl moiety or substituted olefinic-containing ligands. A process for the preparation of an epoxy-containing compound is disclosed comprising epoxidizing the aryl allyl ether compound made according to this invention.

一步法合成双羟丙基双酚a醚的方法

本发明涉及一种一步法合成双羟丙基双酚A醚的方法，属有机化合物的合成技术领域。以双酚A为原料，依次进行化料、加增链剂合成，最终获得羟值为325-330mgKOH/g，双羟丙基双酚A醚的色泽≤30号的双羟丙基双酚A醚，采用本发明技术方案为一步法合成产物，解决了常规技术中在制备工艺复杂，工艺步骤多，能耗大，综合成本高，产品质量差等问题，所得产品分布合理，产品色泽浅，副产物丙烯醇类物质含量低。

HYDROFORMYLATION PROCESS USING COBALT CATALYST IN NON-AQUEOUS IONIC LIQUID WITH ENHANCED CATALYST RECYCLING

A PROCEDURE FOR THE TELOMERIZATION OF ACICLIC OLEFINS.

Un procedimiento para la telomerización de olefinas acíclicas que tienen como mínimo dos dobles enlaces conjugados (I) o mezclas que contengan tales olefinas, con nucleófilos (II) usando como catalizador un complejo de carbeno - paladio. A process for the telomerization of acyclic olefins having at least two conjugated double bonds (I) or mixtures containing such olefins, with nucleophiles (II) using as a catalyst a carbine-palladium complex.

올레핀계불포화화합물의하이드로포르밀화방법

수용성 로듐 착체를 포함하는 촉매 수용액의 존재하에 올레핀계 불포화 화합물의 하이드로포르밀화로 수득된 폐가스를(제1 반응 단계) 제1 반응 단계로부터의 올레핀계 불포화 화합물 잔류량을 균질 반응 시스템 내에서 반응시키는 균질 반응 시스템에 공급한다(제2 단계).

인계 (메타)아크릴레이트 화합물 및 그 제조 방법

광학 수지 재료 등에의 이용에 적합한 높은 굴절률을 가지고, 또한 황 원자를 포함하지 않는 신규 화합물, 및 그 제조 방법의 제공으로서, 하기 일반식 (Ⅰ)로 표시되는 인계 (메타)아크릴레이트 화합물 (식 중, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 및 Y 4 는, 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자, 할로겐 원자, 니트로기, 아미노기, 카르복실기, 히드록실기, 알킬기, 아릴기, 아랄킬기, 아실기 또는 알릴기이며； A 및 Z는, 각각 독립적으로 에틸렌기 또는 이소프로필렌기이며； n 및 m은 각각 독립적으로 0, 1 또는 2이며, n 또는 m이 2인 경우, 2개의 A 또는 Z는 서로 동일하거나 달라도 되고； R 1 및 R 2 는, 각각 독립적으로 수소 원자 또는 (메타)아크릴로일기이며, 다만, R 1 및 R 2 중 적어도 한쪽은 (메타)아크릴로일기이다).

一种由环氧乙烷催化制备双醚芴的方法

本发明涉及双醚芴合成技术领域，特别是涉及一种由环氧乙烷催化制备双醚芴的方法，该方法为：于30℃～80℃下，在碱的存在下，将质量比为0.25:1～0.35:1的环氧乙烷与双酚芴在极性有机溶剂中反应。本发明的制备方法以环氧乙烷和双酚芴作为合成原料，以碱作为催化剂，反应在常温、常压下进行，原料成本低；本发明的制备方法无废气和废渣产生，环境污染小；本发明的制备方法工艺简单、成本低廉、适合工业化生产。

Process for the production of partial oxidation products

석유화학제품은 적합한 촉매의 존재 하에서 공기와 탄화수소의 증기 상 반응에 의해 제조된다. 석유화학제품을 반응기 유출물로부터회수하고 나머지 석유화학제품-미 함유 기체 스트림의 일부 또는 전부를 탄화수소-선택성 흡착제(기체 스트림으로부터 탄화수소를 흡착한다)에 통과시켜 탄화수소-고갈된 폐 기체를 생성시킨다. 탄화수소를 흡착제로부터 공기를 사용하여 정화시키고 공기-탄화수소 혼합물을 부분 산화반응기로 재 순환시킨다. 정화 공기 및 바람직하게 정화 공기와 석유화학제품-미 함유 기체 스트림 모두를 탄화수소-선택성 흡착제 내로 도입시키기 전에 제올라이트 3A 베드에 통과시킴으로써 건조시키고 가열된 탄화수소-고갈된 폐 기체의 통과에 의해 이 제올라이트 3A 베드를 재생시킨다. Petrochemicals are prepared by vapor phase reaction of air and hydrocarbons in the presence of suitable catalysts. The petrochemical product is recovered from the reactor effluent and some or all of the remaining petrochemical-less gas stream is passed through a hydrocarbon-selective adsorbent (which adsorbs hydrocarbons from the gas stream) to produce hydrocarbon-depleted waste gas. The hydrocarbons are purified from the adsorbent using air and the air-hydrocarbon mixture is recycled to the partial oxidation reactor. Both the purified air and preferably the purified air and the petrochemical-free gas stream are passed through a bed of zeolite 3A prior to introduction into the hydrocarbon-selective adsorbent and dried by passage of the heated hydrocarbon- .

Alkoxylation using modified calcium-containing catalysts

This invention relates to modified calcium-containing catalysts and the use thereof in the preparation of alkoxylation products, i.e., condensation reaction products of alkylene oxides and organic compounds having at least one active hydrogen. In another aspect of this invention, processes are provided for preparing modified calcium-containing catalysts for alkoxylation using calcium metal or a calcium-containing compound, e.g., calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide, as sources for the catalytically-active calcium and at least one divalent or polyvalent metal salt of an oxyacid as a modifier. In a further aspect of this invention, processes are provided for preparing alkoxylation products that have beneficial, narrow molecular weight ranges using the modified calcium-containing catalysts.

(R)‑1‑(2‑羟基‑1‑苯乙基)硫脲修饰的Al‑Anderson型杂多酸催化剂、制备方法及其应用

本发明公开了一种(R)‑1‑(2‑羟基‑1‑苯乙基)硫脲修饰的Al‑Anderson型杂多酸催化剂、制备方法及其应用。本发明首先将二水合钼酸钠与六水合三氯化铝反应生成Al‑Anderson型杂多酸母体；接着将杂多酸母体与三羟基氨基甲烷水热反应得到有机单侧氨基修饰的Al‑Anderson型多金属氧酸盐；再合成(R)‑1‑(2‑羟基‑1‑苯乙基)异硫氰酸酯；最后将有机单侧氨基修饰的Al‑Anderson型多金属氧酸盐和(R)‑1‑(2‑羟基‑1‑苯乙基)异硫氰酸酯反应得到目标催化剂。本发明反应条件温和、环境友好，得到的催化剂用于醛催化氧化制备羧酸的反应，高效、高对应选择性，可回收利用。

Catalyst of rare earth and phosphorus-containing xerogels for alkoxylation process

Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a xerogel comprising one or more compounds comprising a rare earth element and phosphorus. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

采用低挥发性/有机可溶性膦配位体的羰基化过程

本发明公开了一种采用低挥发性、有机可溶性单磺化叔膦盐配体生产醛类的非水羟基化过程。

Method for oxidation of hydrocarbons

FIELD: organic chemistry, chemical technology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method for the direct oxidation of hydrocarbon taken among cycloalkanes where their cycle comprises from 5 to 12 carbon atoms up to carboxylic acid using oxygen or oxygen-containing gas in liquid phase in solvent taken among polar protonic and aprotonic solvents in the presence of catalyst dissolved in medium. Catalyst comprises at least one soluble cobalt compound and at least one soluble chrome compound taken in the molar ratio chrome to cobalt in catalyst from 0.001 to 1000 but preferably from 0.01 to 10. Method allows preparing the end product with high selectivity up to 67.3+ACU- being without using nitric acid that excludes treatment of nitrogen oxides. EFFECT: improved method of oxidation. 11 cl с99З0гсс ПЧ сэ РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) (51) МПК? ВИ "” 2 210 562 ' 13) С2 С 07С 51/215, 55/14 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 98106628/04, 09.04.1998 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 09.04.1998 (30) Приоритет: 10.04.1997 ЕК 9704637 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 21.01.2000 (46) Дата публикации: 20.08.2003 (56) Ссылки: АСАНО ЯСУСИ И ДР. Получение адипиновой кислоты. РЖХим, ВИНИТИ. - 1972, 13(1), реф. 13Н27. Ц$ 4658056 А, 14.04.1987. 5Ц 1659391 А\, 30.06.1991. $0 269138 А, 29.09.1977. 50 929213 А, 23.05.1982. СВ 1250192 А, 20.10.1971. СВ 415172 А, 23.08.1934. 5Ц 982319 АЛ, 10.11.1996. (98) Адрес для переписки: 129010, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, 25, стр.3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры", пат.пов. Н.Г.Лебедевой, рег. № 112 М., (71) Заявитель: РОДЬЯ ФИБЕР Э РЕЗЭН ЭНТЕРМЕДИАТ (ЕК) (72) Изобретатель: КОСТАНТИНИ Мишель (ЕК), ФАШ Эрик (ЕВ) (73) Патентообладатель: РОДЬЯ ФИБЕР Э РЕЗЭН ЭНТЕРМЕДИАТ (ЕК) (74) Патентный поверенный: Лебедева Наталья Георгиевна (54) СПОСОБ ОКИСЛЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ (57) Изобретение относится К усовершенствованному способу прямого окисления углеводорода, выбранного из циклоалканов, цикл ...

올레핀의 하이드로포밀화 반응장치 및 이를 이용한 하이드로포밀화 방법

본 발명은 올레핀의 하이드로포밀화 장치 및 이를 이용한 올레핀의 하이드로포밀화 방법에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 벤투리가 결합된 노즐을 통하여 옥소 반응기의 내부로 올레핀, 일산화탄소 및 수소를 포함하는 합성가스, 및 촉매 조성물을 분사·공급함과 동시에 상기 노즐부의 독특한 확관 구조를 통하여 분사·공급된 올레핀, 합성가스 및 촉매조성물의 혼합 및 물질 전달을 촉진시켜 알데히드 제조 반응의 반응성을 개선시킨 하이드로포밀화 장치 및 방법에 관한 것이다. 본 발명은 하이드로포밀화 반응성을 향상시켜 목적하는 알데히드를 높은 수율로 얻을 뿐 아니라 외부 펌프에 의한 순환 유속을 저감할 수 있어 반응기 운전비용을 절감하는 경제적 효과와 함께 옥소반응기 외부에서 반응기 내부로 반응혼합물을 재공급하는 공정을 제거하므로 반응 공정을 단축시키는 이점 또한 갖는다. 올레핀, 합성가스, 하이드로포밀화, 벤투리, 분산판, 루프형 반응기, 확관

Forfarande for framstellning av en reaktionsprodukt mellan en epoxid och en organisk forening innehallande reaktivt vete i nervaro av viss angiven katalysator

Patent JPS5930688B2

A monoalkylene glycol monoether is produced with good efficiency and commercial advantage by reacting an alkylene oxide with an alcohol in the presence of a solid catalyst resulting from the exchange of exchangeable cations of a montmorillonite clay with a cation of Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Sn or Th.

Barium oxide/cresylic acid catalyzed ethoxylation

Cresylic acid (phenol or alkylated phenols) is used to promote barium oxide or hydroxide which is used as an ethoxylation catalyst for the reaction of ethylene oxide and alkanols of all classes. The reaction is carried out at temperatures of from about 150° to about 200° C. to yield the ethoxylated product. The product obtained has a very narrow high adduct distribution with low levels of by-products and unreacted free alcohols. Calcium and magnesium oxides show negligible catalytic effect.

Ethoxylation with strontium bases

Basic compounds of strontium catalyzed the ethoxylation of alcohols in the presence of phenol or alkylphenol co-catalyst. Strontium-produced ethoxylates have sharper ethylene oxide distributions, lower free alcohol, lower pour points, and better detergency than the ethoxylates obtained from alkali base catalysis.

Strontium catalyzed alkoxylations

Strontium-containing materials catalyze the alkoxylation of alcohols. Strontium produced alkoxylates have sharper alkoxylate distributions, lower free alcohols, lower pour points, and better detergency than alkoxylates obtained from alkali base catalysis.

Inorganic catalyst for alkoxylation of alcohols

Strontium and barium-based catalyzed alkoxylation of alcohols of all classes is carried out more rapidly and produces a more peaked reaction product when carried out in the presence of co-catalysts such as calcium oxide, calcium carbide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium metal, magnesium hydroxides, zinc oxide, and aluminum metal.

Process for preparing nonionic surfactants-oxyalkylation with calcium and/or strontium catalysts

The process for preparing nonionic surfactants wherein a narrower molecular weight distribution is obtained by the use of a calcium and/or strontium catalyst which comprises reacting a reactive hydrogen compound selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and a difunctional polypropylene oxide polymer having an average molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 5000 with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms at a temperature at which the reaction proceeds in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of a basic salt of calcium and/or strontium selected from the group consisting of hydroxide, alkoxide and phenoxides and a catalytic amount of an oxyalkylation catalyst promoter.

Process for preparing nonionic surfactants-oxyalkylation with promoted barium catalysts

The process for preparing nonionic surfactants wherein a narrower molecular weight distribution is obtained by the use of a barium catalyst which comprises reacting a reactive hydrogen compound selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and a difunctional polypropylene oxide polymer having an average molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 5000 with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms at a temperature at which the reaction proceeds in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of a barium salt selected from the group consisting of barium hydroxide, barium alkoxides, barium phenoxides, hydrates thereof or mixtures thereof and a catalytic amount of an oxyalkylation catalyst promoter.

Magnesium catalyzed alkoxylation of alkanols in the presence of alkoxylate reaction activators

Alkanol alkoxylates having utility, for instance, as nonionic surfactants in detergent formulations are prepared by the reaction of C 6 to C 30 alkanols with C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxides in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more soluble basic compounds of magnesium and additionally in the presence of as a reaction activator at least about 2 percent by mole, calculated on moles of alkanol, of alkoxylates of one or more C 1 to C 30 alkanols having in the alkoxylate molecules from one to about 30 adducts of one or more alkylene oxides selected from the class consisting of C 2 to C 4 alkylene oxides.

Heterogeneous alkoxylation using anion-bound metal oxides

Active-hydrogen compounds, for example, primary and secondary alcohols or diols, are alkoxylated, for example, ethoxylated, using solid anion-bound metal oxide catalysts, such as, zirconium oxysulfate catalyst. Hydrous zicronium oxide is treated with solutions of sulfate phosphate, nitrate or tetrafluoroborate and calcined in air at 300° to 950° C. to produce highly active heterogeneous alkoxylation catalysts. The amorphous catalysts afford narrow molecular weight products. The catalyst can be removed from the product by filtration and reused with no significant loss in activity. Reaction temperatures of 50° to 140° C. are employed for alkoxylation.

Preparation of nonionic surfactants

Alkylene oxide adducts of higher alkanols are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more C 2 to C 4 vicinal alkylene oxides with an alkanol reactant comprising one or more C 6 to C 30 alkanols in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst which combines (i) one or more phosphorus-containing acids with (ii) one or more aluminum compounds selected from the group consisting of aluminum alcoholates and aluminum phenolates, the relative molar ratio of component (i) to component (ii) being in the range from about 0.1:1 to 2.5:1. Alkanol alkoxylates, and particularly alkanol ethoxylates, prepared in this manner are characterized by a relatively narrow-range distribution of alkylene oxide adducts and by a relatively low content of residual alkanol. The products of this process are nonionic surfactants, particularly useful as components of detergent formulations.

Method of producing glyceric acid carbonate

FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing a compound of formula (I), where Ris selected from H and unbranched, branched or cyclic C-alkyl groups, by platinum catalyzed oxidation of compound of formula (II) with gaseous oxygen, in which the step of platinum-catalysed oxidation is carried out in an aqueous medium, at the beginning of the step of catalysed by platinum oxidation in an aqueous medium, pH is 7 or <7, and in which a catalyst which contains platinum in form of a solid substance on carbon is used for platinum catalysed oxidation. Invention also relates to use of Heins oxidation for oxidation of compound of formula (II), wherein Heins oxidation is carried out without addition of base or buffer.EFFECT: technical result is a novel method of oxidising derivatives of 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane with high output of the product.10 cl, 3 tbl, 17 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 711 037 C2 (51) МПК C07D 317/36 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C07D 317/36 (2019.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017117605, 10.08.2015 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 14.01.2020 23.10.2014 DE 102014221523.4 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.11.2018 Бюл. № 33 (45) Опубликовано: 14.01.2020 Бюл. № 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 23.05.2017 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: WO 2013092011 A1, 27.06.2013. GABRIEL TOJO ET AL. Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids, A guide to current common practice, 2007, pp. 43-60. RU 2008128560 A, 27.01.2010. SU 1781218 A1, 15.12.1992. 2 7 1 1 0 3 7 (73) Патентообладатель(и): КОНСТРАКШН РИСЁРЧ ЭНД ТЕКНОЛОДЖИ ГМБХ (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: R U 10.08.2015 (72) Автор(ы): ВОТРАВЕР Никола (DE), ТЕЛЕС Жуакин Энрики (DE), ВЁЛЬФЛЕ Хаймо (DE), ДИРКЕР Маркус (DE), ОЛЬМАНН Доминик (DE) 2 7 1 1 0 3 7 R U EP 2015/068361 (10.08.2015) C 2 C 2 (86) Заявка PCT ...

一种在碱金属氢化物作用下制备2-碘代芳醚的方法

本发明公开了一种在碱金属氢化物作用下制备2‑碘代芳醚的方法，将碱金属氢化物和酚加入溶剂中，然后加入1,2‑二碘芳烃，0～100℃下进行反应，得到2‑碘代芳醚产物。本发明偶联过程不需要添加过渡金属催化剂，不会对产物造成金属污染；本发明的方法可以在室温进行，官能团兼容性高，解决了现有金属催化的偶联成芳醚反应需要在较高温度进行的问题。

一步法合成双羟丙基双酚a醚的方法

本发明涉及一种一步法合成双羟丙基双酚A醚的方法，属有机化合物的合成技术领域。以双酚A为原料，依次进行化料、加增链剂合成，最终获得羟值为325-330mgKOH/g，双羟丙基双酚A醚的色泽≤30号的双羟丙基双酚A醚，采用本发明技术方案为一步法合成产物，解决了常规技术中在制备工艺复杂，工艺步骤多，能耗大，综合成本高，产品质量差等问题，所得产品分布合理，产品色泽浅，副产物丙烯醇类物质含量低。

一种制备丙二醇单甲醚的方法

本发明提供了一种制备丙二醇单甲醚的方法，该方法包括：在醇解反应条件下，将环氧丙烷和甲醇与催化剂接触，其中，所述催化剂为含有模板剂的钛硅分子筛。本发明的方法将含有模板剂的钛硅分子筛用作由环氧丙烷制备丙二醇单甲醚的催化剂，能够获得高的环氧丙烷转化率和丙二醇单甲醚选择性。本发明的方法简便易行，只需通过如过滤的固液分离方法即可将分子筛与含有丙二醇单甲醚的液相混合物分离。

Method of @@@-aldehydes synthesis

A nonaqueous hydroformylation process for producing aldehydes using low volatile, organic soluble monosulfonated tertiary phosphine salt ligands.

Process for preparing aryl allyl ethers

A process for preparing an allyl ether including reacting (a) a phenolic compound with (b) an allyl carboxylate or an allyl carbonate in the presence of (c) a transition metal or rare earth metal catalyst complexed with at least one strongly bonded, non-replaceable stable ligand whereby an allyl ether is formed. The ligand of the transition metal or rare earth metal catalyst complex may be (i) an olefinic-containing ligand or aromatic-containing ligand; or (ii) a polymeric ligand or a heteroatom-containing multidentate ligand.

Process for preparing aryl allyl ethers

A process for preparing an allyl ether including reacting (a) a phenolic compound with (b) an allyl carboxylate or an allyl carbonate in the presence of (c) a transition metal or rare earth metal catalyst complexed with at least one strongly bonded, non-replaceable stable ligand whereby an allyl ether is formed. The ligand of the transition metal or rare earth metal catalyst complex may be (i) an olefinic-containing ligand or aromatic-containing ligand; or (ii) a polymeric ligand or a heteroatom-containing multidentate ligand.