КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ И СПОСОБ ОЛИГОМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЭТИЛЕНА

Изобретение раскрывает каталитическую композицию для три- и/или тетрамеризации этилена, которая содержит (a) соединение хрома; (b) лиганд общей структуры: (A) RRP-N(R)-P(R)-NRRили (B) RRP-N(R)-P(XR)Rили RRP-N(R)-P(XR), где X=О или S, причем R, R, R, R, R, R, Rи Rнезависимо представляют собой С-С-алкил, С-С-арил, С-С-циклоалкил, аралкил, алкиларил или триалкилсилил; и (c) активатор или сокатализатор, где лиганд структуры (В) представляет собой PhP-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)S(i-Pr), PhP-N(i-Pr)-P(Ph)OCH, PhP-N(i-Pr)P(Ph)OCHили комбинацию, содержащую по меньшей мере одно из вышеуказанного. Также раскрывается каталитическая композиция для три- и/или тетрамеризации этилена и способ три- и/или тетрамеризации этилена. Технический результат заключается в получении 1-октена с высокой селективностью. 3 н. и 12 з.п. ф-лы, 2 табл.

СПОСОБ ОЛИГОМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЭТИЛЕНА

Изобретение относится к способу олигомеризации этилена. Способ включает олигомеризацию этилена в реакторе в присутствии растворителя и катализатора. Выходящий из верхней части реактора поток перемещают в расположенное снаружи охлаждающее устройство. Сконденсированный выходящий поток рециркулируют в реактор. Выходящий из нижней части реактора поток перемещают в ряд фракционных колонн. В следующем порядке i) необязательного отделяют С-фракции, ii) отделяют С-фракции, iii) одновременно отделяют С- и С-фракции и возвращают их назад в реактор и iv) отделяют остатки, содержащие равное или более С-фракции, отработанный катализатор, полимерный материал и охлаждающую среду. Растворитель отделяют на любой из стадий i)-iv) и/или на дополнительной стадии. Технический результат – снижение капитальных и эксплуатационных затрат, понижение образования тяжелого воска или его легкое удаление, а также улучшенный отвод тепла. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 4 табл., 2 пр.

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА ТРИМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЭТИЛЕНА В АЛЬФА-ОЛЕФИНЫ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ КОМПЛЕКСА ХРОМА

Изобретение относится к технологии получения 1-гексена тримеризацией этилена. Изобретение направлено на достижение селективности катализатора по 1-гексену до 84,5% при сохранении высокой производительности каталитической системы и одновременном понижении количества побочно образующихся продуктов полимеризации этилена. Заявлены каталитические системы, включающие комплексы хрома общей формулы [(PhPXPPh)Cr(HO)Cl], где X - углеводородный бирадикал или замещенный углеводородный бирадикал, или [PhP(1,2-CH)PPh (1,2-СН)СН]CrClсовместно с системой активатор/соактиватор - метилалюмоксан/триметилалюминий. Компоненты системы находятся в следующем мольном соотношении: комплекс хрома : МАО : ТМА = 0,1% : 21,4% : 78,5%. 2 н.п. ф-лы, 2 табл., 8 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 2-АЛКИЛЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ 1,3-ДИЕНОВ

Предлагаемое изобретение относится к нефтехимическому синтезу, в частности к способам получения 2-алкилзамещенных 1,3-диенов общей формулы, приведенной в описании. Указанные углеводороды могут найти применение в качестве исходного сырья для получения душистых веществ, аттрактантов насекомых, ювеноидов, полимерных материалов, лаков, красок и других ценных продуктов. 2-алкилзамещенные 1,3-диены получают последовательным смешиванием раствора триэтиленалюминия в алифатических растворителях CpZrClс альфа-олефином, взятых в мольном соотношении соответственно (10 - 12) : (0,2 -0,4) : 10 с последующим перемешиванием при комнатной температуре в течение 8 ч с последующим добавлением при температуре примерно (-5)С катализатора, приготовленного смешиванием Ni (асас), PhP и i-BuAlс последующим добавлением аллилацетата в мольном соотношении соответственно (0,0 - 0,5) : (1,2 - 2,0) : (2,4: 4,0) : (30:36) в алифатических растворителях и перемешиванием реакционной массы при комнатной температуре в течение ...

КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ ОЛИГОМЕРИЗАЦИИ ОЛЕФИНОВ И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ

... 1. Способ олигомеризации олефинов, включающий: а) приведение в контакт i) металлсодержащего соединения, ii) дифосфиноаминильного лиганда и iii) алкилметалла с получением смеси; Ь) выдержку указанной смеси по существу в отсутствие олефинового мономера с получением выдержанной смеси; с) приведение выдержанной смеси в контакт с олефиновым мономером; и d) получение олефинового олигомерного продукта в условиях, подходящих для получения олефинового олигомерного продукта.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что выдержку смеси проводят при температуре, составляющей от 10°C до 130°C.3. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что выдержку смеси проводят по меньшей мере в течение 20 минут.4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что металлсодержащее соединение содержит хром.5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что металлсодержащее соединение представляет собой хлорид хрома (III) или ацетилацетонат хрома (III).6. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что алкилметалл содержит алюминоксан.7. Способ по п.1, отличающийся ...

Способ димеризации низших @ -олефинов

Способ получения гептенов

PROCESS FOR DIMERIZING LOWER ALPHA-OLEFINS

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Olefinen durch Dimerisieren,Codimerisieren,Polymerisieren und Copolymerisieren von Olefinen

VERFAHREN ZUR DIMERISATION, CODIMERISIERUNG, POLYMERISIERUNG UND/ODER COPOLYMERISIERUNG VON AETHYLEN, PROPYLEN UND/ODER BUTYLEN

Process for the preparation of Dimethylbutenes

... 1,151,015. Dimethylbutenes; dimethylbutanes. ESSO RESEARCH & ENG. CO. 1 Aug., 1967 [1 Aug., 1966], No. 35330/67. Heading C5E. Dimethylbutenes are prepared by dimerizing propylene in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst complex comprising (1) the acetylacetonate of Co, Ni or Fe, (2) AlR n X 3-n , where R is C 1-6 alkyl, X is halogen, and n is 1-2, and (3) a phosphine of formula R 3 P, where R is an alkyl or cycloalkyl group having up to 10 carbon atoms, the product comprising at least 10 wt. per cent dimethylbutenes. The catalyst may contain a promoter, e.g. propylene or 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Suitable solvents are aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and their halogenated derivatives. The product may be hydrogenated to form dimethylbutanes, suitable as gasoline components, e.g. by contact with spent dimerization catalyst, cobalt molybdate on alumina, or one or more of Ni, Co, Mo, Pt or Ce, supported on alumina, silica-alumina, bauxite, clay, kieselguhr or a molecular sieve.

DIMERIZATION OF ALIPHATIC MONO-OLEFINS

OLIGOMERISING ETHYLENE

... 1505652 Oligomerizing ethylene IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES Ltd 23 May 1975 [6 June 1974] 25094/74 Heading C5E Ethylene is oligomerized by contact with a Group VIII metal compound supported on an inorganic particulate material having a hydroxylic surface (defined) substantially free from adsorbed moisture, the compound having two hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl groups bonded to the metal, one of said groups being capable of reacting with the hydroxylic surface of the support provided that both of said hydrocarbyl groups are not #- bonded to the metal and the total number of centres involved in the #-bonding does not exceed 6. Suitable inorganic supports are y alumina, silica, aluminium phosphate and zirconium phosphate. Preferred catalysts are compounds of nickel containing one #-bonded group (#-allyl or #-crotyl) and one #-bonded group (methyl or benzyl), and optionally a group acting as a Lewis base (e.g. PR 3 ).

ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION PROCESS

... 1482161 Oligomerizing ethylene SHELL INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH MAATSCHAPPIJ BV 23 Sept 1974 [24 Sept 1973] 41307/74 Addition to 1353873 Heading C5E Linear -olefins are produced by oligomerizing ethylene in the liquid phase using a reaction solvent selected from C 4 -C 7 ,#-alkane diols and C 3 -C 7 alkylene carbonates in the presence of a catalyst composition produced by contacting in the presence of ethylene and a polar organic solvent (a) a divalent nickel salt, (b) a boron hydride and (c) dicyclohexylphosphinopropionic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof. Suitable reaction solvents are 1,4-butane diol, 1,5-pentane diol, ethylene carbonate and 1,2- propylene carbonate. The oligomerization may be carried out at 80-150‹ C. and 35-176 atmospheres gauge.

TETRAMERISIERUNG OF OLEFINEN

OLIGOMERISIERUNGS CATALYST AND OLIGOMERISIERUNGSVERFAHREN.

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION OF 2.3-DIMETHYLBUTEN-1 FROM PROPEN.

TETRAMERIZATION OF OLEFINS

Metathesis process for converting short chain olefins to longer chain olefins

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF A BUTENE

ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION

CHROMIUM TRIS-DIORGANO-ORTHOPHOSPHATES, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE

OLIGOMERISATION IN THE PRESENCE OF BOTH A TETRAMERISATION CATALYST AND A FURTHER OLIGOMERISATION CATALYST

PROCEDE AMELIORE DE DIMERISATION D'OLEFINES

ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION PROCESS WITH ALUMINOXANE/ORGANOBORON AS ACTIVATORS USING A HALOGENATED AROMATIC SOLVENT

This invention provides a two stage process for the oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of a chromium catalyst having a bridging diphosphine ligand. The process mitigates problems which may be experienced during the unsteady state conditions that exist during "start up". The "start up" protocol of this process is characterized by the use of an aluminoxane activator and a comparatively large amount of a halogenated solvent. After the start up phase, a second activator (which is preferably a non-coordinating borate) is added to the reaction.

MULTI REACTOR ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION PROCESS WITH RECYCLE

A multi reactor system is used for the oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of a chromium/P-N-P catalyst system. The reactor system includes a mixed reactor and a tubular reactor. A portion of the reaction liquid is recycled back to the mixed reactor. The mixed reactor preferably contains a gas/liquid jet to facilitate the mixing of ethylene into the reaction liquid.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS The dimerization of acrylate esters and of ethene and the codimerization of acrylate esters with C2-4-alkenes or 1,3butadiene and of 1,3-butadiene with ethene in the presence of: (a) a Pd and/or Ru compound, (b) a compound containing one trivalent N or P atom, and (c) an Ag and/or Cu salt, yields at an increased reaction rate dimers of high linearity, when a quinone is also present.

PROCESS FOR THE OLIGOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE IN METHANOL

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NICKEL YLIDES CONTAINING SULFONATED GROUP V LIGANDS

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS

TANDEM TETRAMERISATION-POLYMERISATION OF OLEFINS

The invention provides a process for polymerising olefins to branched polyolefins in the presence of a polymerisation catalyst and a cocatalyst, wherein the cocatalyst produces 1-octene in a selectivity greater than 30 %.

TRIMERISATION AND OLIGOMERISATION OF OLEFINS USING A CHROMIUM BASED CATALYST

The invention provides a mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerisation of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms, of which at least one heteroatom is sulfur and at least 2 heteroatoms are not the same.The invention also provides a multidentate mixed heteroatomic ligand for an oligomerisation of olefins catalyst, which ligand includes at least three heteroatoms of which at least one is a sulfur atom. The ligand may also contain, in addition to sulfur, at least one nitrogen or phosphorous heteroatom.

CATALYST COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR OLIGOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition comprising: (a) a binuclear chromium(II) complex; (b) a ligand of the general structure (A) R1R2P-N(R3)-P(R4)-N(R5)-H or (B) R1R2P-N(R3)-P(R4)-N(R5)-PR6R7, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 are independently selected from halogen, amino, trimethylsilyl, C1-C10-alkyl, aryl and substituted aryl, wherein the PNPN- or PNPNP-unit is optionally part of a ring system; and (c) an activator or co-catalyst, as well as to a process for oligomerization of ethylene.

CONTINUOUS ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION WITH IN-SITU CATALYST PREPARATION

The oligomerization of ethylene using a chromium (Cr) catalyst having a phosphorus-nitrogen-phosphorus (P-N-P) ligand is known. Reactor fouling with by-product polyethylene can be severe at operating temperatures of greater than 60°C. However, the activation of such catalysts in a continuous flow reactor at low temperatures can be difficult and activity can be low. We have now discovered that highly active Cr/P-N-P catalysts may be prepared and activated in-situ (i.e. directly in the polymerization reactor) at low temperatures (from about 30 to about 45°C) by combining the Cr; the P-N-P ligand and an aluminoxane in the process solvent in the presence of hydrogen. The use of hydrogen allows very high productivity (greater than 1 x 10 6 grams of ethylene conversion per gram of Cr) at low temperature. We have also observed reactor fouling rates as low as 2 to 10 parts per million of polyethylene per hour (based on total ethylene conversion) using this process.

CONTINUOUS ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION WITH IN-SITU CATALYST PREPARATION

The oligomerization of ethylene using a chromium (Cr) catalyst having a phosphorus-nitrogen-phosphorus (P-N-P) ligand is known. Reactor fouling with by-product polyethylene can be severe at operating temperatures of greater than 60°C. However, the activation of such catalysts in a continuous flow reactor at low temperatures can be difficult and activity can be low. We have now discovered that highly active Cr/P-N-P catalysts may be prepared and activated in-situ (i.e. directly in the polymerization reactor) at low temperatures (from about 30 to about 45°C) by combining the Cr; the P-N-P ligand and an aluminoxane in the process solvent in the presence of hydrogen. The use of hydrogen allows very high productivity (greater than 1 x 10 6 grams of ethylene conversion per gram of Cr) at low temperature. We have also observed reactor fouling rates as low as 2 to 10 parts per million of polyethylene per hour (based on total ethylene conversion) using this process.

CATALYST SUPPORTS AND TRANSITION METAL CATALYSTS SUPPORTEDTHEREON

BUTENE DIMERISATION METHOD

SEPARATION OF COMPONENTS FROM A MULTI-COMPONENT HYDROCARBON STREAM

A process (10) to separate a multi-component hydrocarbon stream (26) comprising ethylene, at least one polymer and other components includes flashing the multi- component hydrocarbon stream in a first flash stage (12) from an elevated pressure of more than 30 bar(a) and an elevated temperature in the range of 150°C to 185°C to a flash pressure in the range of 10 bar(a) to 30 bar(a), producing a first ethylene- containing vapour overheads product (28) at a pressure in the range of 10 bar(a) to 30 bar(a) and a first flash stage bottoms product (30.1) which includes some ethylene, the at least one polymer and some of the other components. The flash pressure and the elevated temperature of the multi-component hydrocarbon stream (26) are selected such that the first flash stage bottoms product (30.1) has a concentration of the at least one polymer of less than 5% by mass to render the viscosity of the first flash stage bottoms product (30.1) at the temperature of the first flash stage bottoms ...

ETHYLENE TRIMERIZATION

ETHYLENE TRIMERIZATION Ethylene is trimerized to form 1-hexene by using a catalyst comprising an aluminoxane and polydentate phosphine, arsine, and/or stibine coordination complex of a chromium salt.

IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LINEAR ALPHA-OLEFINS

In a process where ethylene is effectively oligomerized to linear alphaolefins using catalyst systems based on one or more transition metal compounds dissolved in a polar organic liquid as solvent, incorporation of water into the solvent at levels of 1 to 10 weight percent improved the process by increasing alpha-olefin purity and also by influencing the Schulz-Flory distribution.

Katalytisches Verfahren zur Dimerisierung von Alkenen oder Cycloalkenen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Monoolefinen

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES METALLHALTIGEN KATALYSATORSYSTEMS IN LOESUNG.

Metallhaltiges Katalysatorsystem

Procédé de dimérisation et de codimérisation d'oléfines

Katalysatorsystem und dessen Verwendung zur Dimerisierung olefinisch ungesättigter Kohlenwasserstoffe

Procédé pour la préparation d'un catalyseur mixte

Verfahren zur Herstellung von C5-C8-Olefinen

Verfahren zur Oligomerisation von olefinisch ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen und Anwendung des Verfahrens auf die Polymerisation von 1,3-diolefinisch ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen

Verfahren zur Dimerisation, Codimerisation, Oligomerisation und Cooligomerisation von Olefinen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von 3-Methylpentenen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Monoolefinen mit 4 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen durch Polymerisation von niedrigeren Monoolefinen

Metallhaltiges Katalysatorsystem

Process for the preparation of organic complexes of transition metals

PROCEDURE FOR THE DIMERISIEREN OF LOW ALPHA OLEFINEN.

Catalyst composition and process for oligomerization of ethylene to produce 1-hexene and/or 1-octene

Tetramerisation of ethylene

A process for the tetramerisation of ethylene under solution phase conditions is carried out in the presence of an activated catalyst at a temperature above 80 DEG C and up to a temperature of about 130 DEG C. The activated catalyst is provided by combining a source of chromium, a ligating compound, which ligating compound includes at least one fluorine substituted hydrocarbyl group, organoheteryl group, or heterohydrocarbyl group, and optionally a catalyst activator or combination of catalyst activators.

Olefin oligomerization catalyst and preparation method thereof and olefin oligomerization method

Oligomerization catalyst for producing alpha-olefins

Process for the oligomerization of monoalcenes

Process for the oligomerization of linear alpha-olefins

Process of production of mono-olefin

ALPHAOLEFIN PRODUCTION

CATALYTIC COMPOSITION CONTAINING a ALUMINOXANE FOR the DIMERISATION, the CO-DIMERISATION AND the OLIGOMERIZATION OF OLEFINS

Une composition catalytique utilisable pour la dimérisation, la co-dimérisation et l'oligomérisation des oléfines résulte de la dissolution d'un composé du nickel facultativement mélangé ou complexé avec un ligand, dans le milieu résultant du mélange : - d'au moins un halogénure d'ammonium quaternaire etlou d'au moins un halogénure de phosphonium quaternaire, - d'au moins un halogénure d'aluminium - et d'au moins un aluminoxane.

OLEFIN POLYMERIZATION CATALYSTS

MODIFIED AL-NN CATALYST FOR DIMERIZING OLEFINS

Catalytic composition and process for the dimerisation of olefins

L'invention concerne une composition catalytique pour la dimérisation, la codimérisation et l'oligomérisation des oléfines résultant de la dissolution d'un complexe du nickel mélangé ou complexé avec une phosphine tertiaire dans le milieu résultant du mélange d'au moins un halogénure d'ammonium quaternaire et/ou au moins un halogénure de phosphonium quaternaire, d'au moins un halogénure d'aluminium, d'au moins un hydrocarbure aromatique et optionnellement d'un composé organométallique d'aluminium. L'invention concerne également un procédé pour la dimérisation, la codimérisation et l'oligomérisation des oléfines avec cette composition.

CATALYTIC COMPOSITIONS AND PROCESSES FOR OLIGOMERIZAÇÃO AND POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINAS

Process for the dimerization of lower alpha-olefins

WERKWIJZE VOOR HET POLYMERISEREN VAN ETHEEN

composição catalítica à base de níquel e de ligando do tipo fosfina e de uma base de lewis e sua utilização em um processo de oligomerização das olefinas

NOVEL FURYLPHOSPHINES AND ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES CONTAININGì (54) THEM

Production of linear alpha-olefins

In a method for the production of linear α-olefins by the oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of a catalyst system composed of (A) zirconium tetrachloride, (B-a) ethyl aluminum sesquichloride and (B-b) triethyl aluminum, an improvement is proposed which comprises using the catalyst system prepared in a specific procedure in which one of the essential conditions is the order of successive introduction of the three components along with the concentration of zirconium tetrachloride, temperature and length of time. It is essential that introduction of the component (B-b) is not preceded by the contacting of the components (A) and (B-a). Accoridng to the invention, the reaction product contains the species of the linear α-olefin compounds having higher usefulness than other species in a greatly increased yield.

DIMERIZATION PROCESS

Improvements in the process for dimerizing a propylene containing fluid to a C6 olefin containing mixture, said processing improvements comprising the steps of maintaining the temperature of the C6 olefin mixture below 100 DEG F. while isomerizing and separating the mixture into a methyl pentene rich stream and a dimethyl butene rich stream, after which the catalyst is recycled to the dimerization zone in an active condition. Such improvements permit the processing to be carried out in a more efficient and economical manner than heretofore thought possible.

Detergent grade to C10 to C28 olefins, (C10 to C28 alkyl)benzenes and C10 to C28 alkyl) benzene sulfonates and process for preparing same using a phosphine containing catalyst

A dimerization process for producing linear and/or mono-branched C10 to C28 olefins using dimerization catalysts and new C10 to C28 olefins mixtures are disclosed. The C10 to C28 olefin product is especially useful for the production of biodegradable alkylbenzene sulfonates detergents and intermediates therefor.

Ethylene dimerization

A novel ethylene dimerization catalyst is provided consisting essentially of a nickel compound, a phosphine compound, and an acidic compound. In addition, an improved ethylene dimerization process is provided which comprises contacting ethylene with the novel catalyst composition present, in an effective solvent, at a temperature from about 0 DEG C. to about 200 DEG C. As a result of the inventive process, high catalyst productivity and good selectivity to the desired dimerized product, 1-butene, is obtained.

Process for the preparation of nickel ylides containing ylide ligands with a sulfonated group V component

A process is provided for preparing nickel ylides which are themselves novel compounds defined by the following Formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are either alike or different members selected from the group consisiting of hydrogen, alkyl radicals having from about one to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about one to about 10 carbon atoms; aryl radicals having from about six to about 20 carbon atoms, preferably from about six to about 10 carbon atoms; alkenyl radicals having from about two to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about two to about 20 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl radicals having from about three to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about three to about 30 carbon atoms; aralkyl and alkaryl radicals having from about six to about 40 carbon atoms, preferably from about six to about 30 carbon atoms; a halogen radical selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferably chlorine; a hydroxyl group; an alkoxy ...

Catalysts for olefin oligomerization and isomerization

PCT No. PCT/AU83/00013 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 17, 1983 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 17, 1983 PCT Filed Feb. 2, 1983 PCT Pub. No. WO83/02907 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 1, 1983.Catalyst systems for the oligomerization and/or isomerization of olefins which comprise a nickel (II) complex and a co-catalyst. The nickel (II) complex is a square planar species with a trivalent Group V donor ligand, preferably a phosphine or phosphite ligand, a halogen or pseudo-halogen ligand and a bidentate dithio ligand, especially a substituted dithio- beta -diketone ligand.

HALOGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUND AND USE THEREOF AS CATALYST LIGAND IN ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION

A halogen-containing compound represented by a formula I and a use thereof as a ligand of an ethylene oligomerization catalyst composition, an ethylene oligomerization catalyst composition comprising the halogen-containing compound, and an ethylene oligomerization method, ethylene trimerization method and ethylene tetramerization method using the catalyst composition. Serving as the ligand of the ethylene oligomerization catalyst, the halogen-containing polymer may effectively improve the catalytic performance of a catalyst system, especially by displaying a significantly improved catalytic performance in an ethylene oligomerization reaction. The maximum catalyst activity may exceed 4×108 g·mol(Cr)−1·h−1, and the total selectivity of 1-hexene and 1-octene exceeds 92 wt %. In a C6 product, the content of 1-hexene may reach about 97%, and in a C8 product, the content of 1-octene may reach more than 98%. The present catalyst composition has good industrial application prospects and economic value.

TETRAMERISATION OF ETHYLENE

TETRAMERISATION OF ETHYLENE

Process for the preparation of a butene

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ТЕТРАМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЭТИЛЕНА И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 1-ОКТЕНА С ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ

Изобретение относится к способу поддержания стабильной каталитической активности в процессе тетрамеризации этилена и к способу получения 1-октена тетрамеризацией этилена. Тетрамеризацию осуществляют в присутствии каталитической системы, содержащей хром или предшественник хрома, алкилалюмоксан и лиганд со структурой главной цепи Р-С-С-Р, представленной формулой 1 где R1, R2, R3 и R4 каждый независимо представляет собой фенил или замещенный фенил и R1, R2, R3 и R4 каждый не имеет заместителей на атомах, соседних с атомами, связанными с атомами Р, и R5, R6 представляют собой метильную группу. Согласно заявленным способам стало возможно стабильно поддерживать каталитическую активность по сравнению с общепринятыми каталитическими системами. 2 н.п. ф-лы, 2 фиг., 2 табл., 17 пр.

ОКИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СПОСОБЫ УДАЛЕНИЯ ФОСФОРА ИЗ ЖИДКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Изобретение относится к способу удаления соединений фосфора из жидких углеводородов. Способ включает стадии: (а) взаимодействия жидкого углеводорода с водным раствором, содержащим оксидант, выбранный из трет-бутилгидропероксида, с образованием реакционной смеси, содержащей водный компонент и углеводородный компонент, где жидкий углеводород содержит, по меньшей мере, алкени триалкилфосфин; (b) реакции оксиданта, выбранного из трет-бутилгидропероксида, с триалкилфосфиномс образованием соответствующей окиси фосфина ; (с) удаления водного компонента из углеводородного компонента с одновременным удалением окиси триалкилфосфинаиз жидкого углеводорода. Предложенное изобретение позволяет эффективно удалять фосфорные соединения из жидкоих углеводородов. 11 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил., 8 табл., 39 пр.

НОВАЯ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ НИКЕЛЯ И ЛИГАНДА ФОСФИНОВОГО ТИПА И ОСНОВАНИЯ ЛЬЮИСА И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В СПОСОБЕ ОЛИГОМЕРИЗАЦИИ ОЛЕФИНОВ

Изобретение относится к каталитической композиции, содержащей по меньшей мере один предшественник никеля со степенью окисления (+II), по меньшей мере один фосфиновый лиганд формулы PR1R2R3, в котором группы R1, R2и R3являются одинаковыми или отличающимися друг от друга и необязательно связаны между собой, активирующий агент, выбранный из группы, которую образуют хлор- и бромпроизводные насыщенные углеводородные соединения алюминия, применяемые по отдельности или в смеси, и по меньшей мере одно основание Льюиса, причем в указанной композиции молярное отношение фосфинового лиганда к предшественнику никеля меньше или равно 5, молярное отношение комбинации основания Льюиса и фосфинового лиганда к предшественнику никеля составляет от 5 до 30, молярное отношение активирующего агента к предшественнику никеля превышает или равно 6 и меньше или равно 30. 2 н. и 9 з.п. ф-лы, 7 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ 2-АЛКИЛЗАМЕЩЕННЫХ 1,3-ДИЕНОВ

Изобретение относится к области нефтехимического синтеза, в частности, к способу получения 2-алкилзамещенных 1,3-диенов общей формулы , где R = C4 H9, C6H13, C9H19 . Указанные углеводороды могут найти применение в качестве исходного сырья для получения душистых веществ, атрактантов насекомых, ювеноидов, полимерных материалов, лаков, красок и других ценных продуктов. 2-Алкилзамещенные 1,3-диены получают последовательным смешиванием раствора триэтиленалюминия в алифатических растворителях Cp2ZrCl2 α - олефином, взятым в мольном соотношении соответственно (10-12) : (0,2-0,4) : 10 с последующим перемешиванием при комнатной температуре 8 часов с последующим добавлением при температуре ≈ (-5oC) катализатора, приготовленного смешиванием Ni(acac)2, Ph3P и i-Bu2AlH с последующим добавлением аллилацетата в мольном соотношении соответственно (0.3-0.5) : (1,2-2,0) : (2,4-4,0) : (30-36) в алифатических растворителях и перемешиванием реакционной массы при комнатной температуре в течение 8-12 ч. Выход ...

КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ТРИМЕРИЗАЦИЯ ОЛЕФИНОВЫХ МОНОМЕРОВ

Настоящее изобретение относится к катализатору тримеризации олефиновых мономеров. Описана каталитическая композиция для тримеризации олефиновых мономеров, содержащая а) источник хрома, молибдена или вольфрама; b) лиганд общей формулы (I), в которой Х означает бивалентную органическую мостиковую группу, выбранную из замещенных или незамещенных алкиленовых групп, причем в случае замещенных групп заместители представляют собой углеводородные группы; R1 и R3 представляют собой циклоароматические группы, которые не содержат полярных заместителей ни в одном из орто-положений; R2 и R4 независимо выбирают из необязательно замещенных циклоароматических групп, причем каждый из R2 и R4 имеет полярный заместитель, по меньшей мере, в одном орто-положений; и с) сокатализатор. Также описан способ тримеризации олефиновых мономеров, включающий взаимодействие, по меньшей мере, одного олефинового мономера в условиях реакции тримеризации с указанной выше каталитической композицией. Технический результат - ...

СПОСОБ ОЛИГОМЕРИЗАЦИИ ЭТИЛЕНА

Способ димеризации низших @ -олефинов

Verfahren zur Dimerisierung von Olefinen

VERFAHREN ZUR DIMERISATION BZW. CODIMERISATION VON PROPEN UND/ODER BUTEN

Verfahren zur Herstellung von linearen alpha-Olefinen

Dimerisierung von niedrigen Alpha-Olefinen

Process for the Production of Hexenes having a 3-Methyl Pentane Skeleton

... 1,189,160. 3-methylpentanes. SENTRALINSTITUTT FOR INDUSTRIELL FORSKNING. 14 Aug., 1967 [26 Aug., 1966], No. 37198/67 Addition to 1,153,827. Heading C5E. Hexenes having a 3-methylpentane carbon skeleton are prepared by introducing ethene and normal butene into a reaction zone in the presence of a catalyst system of (A) a Lewis acid selected from Be(R) a (Y) 2-a , Al(R) b (Y) 3-b , Ga(R) b (Y) 3-b and In(R) b (Y) 3-b in which R is H or a hydrocarbon group, Y is halogen or - OR, -SR or -NR 2 , a is 1 or 2 and b is 0, 1 or 2; and (B) a compound having one of the following formulµ where M is a Group 8 metal, D: represents a donor equivalent having one free electron pair, :D-D is a bifunctional donor ligand, X is an equivalent of an organic or inorganic acid or a C 1 -C 10 alkyl or aryl group, X-D is a chelate ligand containing both a donor and an acid equivalent, and cyclodiene and cyclodienyl respectively represent a C 3- C 12 cyclic hydrocarbon with at least 2 double bonds, and the radical ...

DIMERIZATION OF OLEFINS

Tetramerization ligands

An ethylene oligomerization catalyst which contains a bridged diphosphine ligand having the formula (R 1 ) m (X 1 ) n P 1 -bridge-P 2 (R 2 )X 2 wherein R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl and heterohydrocarbyl; X 1 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydrocarbyl and heterohydrocarbyl; m is 1 or 2; n is 0 or 1; m+n=2; bridge is a divalent bridging group bonded to P 1 and P 2 ; and X 2 is halogen. The present ligands differ from prior diphosphine ligands used in olefin oligomerization processes in that at least one halide substituent is directly bonded to at least one P atom of the ligand.

Highly Active and Selective Ethylene Oligomerization Catalyst and Method of Preparing Hexene or Octene Using the Same

This invention relates to a chromium complex compound for selective ethylene oligomerization including a chiral ligand, and to a method of selectively preparing 1-hexene or 1-octene from ethylene using the same.

CONVERSION OF ALCOHOLS

A method is described for use in a process for the conversion of an alcohol, the method including the step of contacting a composition comprising a first alcohol with a catalyst composition. Catalyst composition described comprises: i) a source of a Group VIII transition metal; ii) a phosphine ligand of formula PRRR, wherein R, Rand Rare the same or different; and iii) a base. In examples described, the alcohol which is converted comprises ethanol and the product comprises butanol. 1. A method for use in a process for the conversion of an alcohol into a product , the method including the step of contacting a composition comprising a first alcohol with a catalyst composition , in which the catalyst composition comprises:i) a source of a Group VIII transition metal, wherein the Group VIII transition metal is selected from one or more of the group comprising Fe, Ru, Os;{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '1', '2', '3', '1', '2', '3, 'ii) a phosphine ligand of formula PR, RR, wherein R, Rand Rare the same or different, and wherein one or more of R, R, and Rinclude a heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbon group; and'}iii) abase.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphine ligand of formula PR claim 1 , RRis a multi-dentate ligand with respect to the Group VIII metal.3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the heteroatom comprises one or more selected from the group comprising O claim 1 , S claim 1 , N and P.4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the heteroatom comprises one or more selected from the group comprising N and P.5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein only one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rinclude a heteroatom-substituted hydrocarbon group.6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphine ligand comprises a bi-dentate ligand with respect to the Group VIII metal.7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the phosphine ligand comprises a diphosphine group —[P{link}P]— wherein a linking group {link} has a backbone including fewer than two atoms.8. A ...

NOVEL CATALYSTS

The present invention provides novel compounds and ligands that are useful in transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. For example, the compounds and ligands of the present invention are useful in palladium or gold catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. 2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein both of Rand Rare tert-butyl claim 1 , cyclohexyl claim 1 , 2-tolyl claim 1 , or 1-adamantyl.3. The compound of claim 2 , wherein both of Rand Rare tert-butyl or 1-adamantyl.4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclic ring.9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein each of Xand Xis C—R claim 1 , and each of Xand Xis C—R claim 1 , wherein each Ris independently selected from —H claim 1 , —CH claim 1 , —OCH claim 1 , halogen claim 1 , or —CF claim 1 , and each Ris independently selected from —H claim 1 , —CH claim 1 , —OCH claim 1 , —N(CH) claim 1 , halogen claim 1 , or —CF; or a vicinal Rgroup and Rgroup together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclic or carbocyclic ring.10. The compound of claim 9 , wherein each of X claim 9 , X claim 9 , X claim 9 , and Xis C—H.12. (canceled)13. The compound of claim 11 , wherein R claim 11 , R claim 11 , and the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclic ring.16. The compound of claim 11 , wherein each of Xand Xis C—R claim 11 , and each of Xand Xis C—R claim 11 , wherein each Ris independently selected from —H claim 11 , —CH claim 11 , —OCH claim 11 , halogen claim 11 , or —CF claim 11 , and each Ris independently selected from —H claim 11 , —CH claim 11 , —OCH claim 11 , —N(CH) claim 11 , halogen claim 11 , or —CF; or a vicinal Rgroup and Rgroup together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted 5-7 membered heterocyclic or ...

CATALYST COMPOSITIONS FOR HYDROFORMYLATION REACTION AND HYDROFORMYLATION PROCESS USING THE SAME

Disclosed are a catalyst composition for hydroformylation of olefin compounds, comprising a specific phosphine ligand and a transition metal catalyst, and a hydroformylation process using the same. Through a hydroformylation process using the catalyst composition according to the present invention, a suitable selectivity of iso-aldehyde can be maintained, catalyst stability can be improved, the amount of used ligand can be reduced and superior catalyst activity can be obtained. 1. A catalyst composition for hydroformylation comprising a monodentate phosphine ligand and a transition metal catalyst ,wherein the monodentate phosphine ligand is at least one selected from cyclohexyldiphenylphosphine, cyclohexylditolylphosphine and cycloheptyldiphenylphosphine.2. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the monodentate phosphine ligand is 0.5 to 200 moles claim 1 , with respect to one mole of the central metal of the transition metal catalyst claim 1 ,{'sub': 2', '8', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'wherein the transition metal catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of cobaltcarbonyl [Co(CO)], acetylacetonatodicarbonylrhodium [Rh(AcAc)(CO)], acetylacetonatocarbonyltriphenylphosphinerhodium [Rh(AcAc)(CO)(TPP)], hydridocarbonyltri(triphenylphosphine)rhodium [HRh(CO)(TPP)], acetylacetonatodicarbonylirridium [Ir(AcAc)(CO)] and hydridocarbonyltri(triphenylphosphine)iridium [HIr(CO)(TPP)].'}3. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition comprises 1.6 to 3.0% by weight of cyclohexyldiphenylphosphine as the monodentate phosphine ligand claim 1 , with respect to the total weight of the catalyst composition.4. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition comprises 1.5 to 1.8% by weight of cyclohexyldiphenylphosphine as the monodentate phosphine ligand claim 1 , with respect to the total weight of the catalyst composition.5. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING RUTHENIUM CARBENE COMPLEXES

The invention is directed to aryl alkylidene ruthenium complexes and the use of these complexes as catalysts in metathesis reactions. 112-. (canceled)14. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 13 , wherein L and L′ are selected independently from the group consisting of triphenylphosphane claim 13 , triisopropylphosphane claim 13 , tricyclohexylphosphane and 9-cyclohexyl-9-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane.15. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 13 , wherein L is a heterocyclic carbene and L′ is selected from the group consisting of triphenylphosphane claim 13 , triisopropylphosphane claim 13 , tricyclohexylphosphane and 9-cyclohexyl-9-phospha-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane.16. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 13 , wherein Ar is a furyl or thienyl radical.17. (canceled)1830. A metathesis reaction which comprises utilizing the Ru-carbene complex according to claim as a catalyst in the metathesis reaction.19. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 13 , wherein X is halogen claim 13 , pseudo-halogen claim 13 , carboxylate claim 13 , sulphate or diketonate.20. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 13 , wherein X is bromine or chlorine.21. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 13 , wherein X is chlorine.22. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 19 , wherein L is a heterocyclic carbene and L′ is selected from the group consisting of triphenylphosphane claim 19 , triisopropylphosphane claim 19 , tricyclohexylphosphane and 9-cyclohexyl-9-phospha-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane.23. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 22 , wherein Ar is a furyl or thienyl radical.24. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 21 , wherein L is a heterocyclic carbene and L′ is selected from the group consisting of triphenylphosphane claim 21 , triisopropylphosphane claim 21 , tricyclohexylphosphane and 9-cyclohexyl-9-phospha-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane.25. The Ru-carbene complex according to claim 24 , wherein Ar is a furyl or thienyl radical. This application is a Division of application ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARING A PROPIOLIC ACID OR A DERIVATIVE THEREOF

The invention relates to a process for preparing a propiolic acid or a derivative thereof by reacting a terminal alkyne with carbon dioxide, which comprises performing the reaction in the presence of a base and a copper complex, especially a copper (I) complex having at least one ligand, at least one of the ligands of the copper complex being selected from monodentate ligands which have an aminic or iminic nitrogen atom capable of coordination with copper, and polydentate ligands having at least two atoms or atom groups which are capable of simultaneous coordination with copper and are selected from nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and carbene carbon. 1: A process for preparing a propiolic acid or a derivative thereof , the process comprising:reacting a terminal alkyne with carbon dioxide in the presence of a base and a copper complex comprising a ligand, whereinthe ligand is a monodentate ligand or a polydentate ligandthe monodentate ligand comprises an amine or imine nitrogen atom, and is capable of coordinating to copper,the polydentate ligand comprises at least two atoms or atom groups, which are capable of coordinating simultaneously to copper, andthe atoms or atom groups are at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus and carbene carbon.2: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the terminal alkyne is a compound of formula:{'br': None, 'sup': 'x', 'R—C≡C—H,'}wherein{'sup': x', 'x1', 'x3', 'x3', 'x4', 'x4', 'x4', 'x4', 'x2, 'sub': '3', 'Ris selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen, a COOR, an alkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents R, an alkenyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents R, a cycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents R, a heterocycloalkyl optionally substituted by one or more substituents R, an aryl optionally substituted by one or more substituents R, a hetaryl optionally substituted by one or more substituents R, and a (R)Si,'}{'sup': x1', ...

CYCLOPROPENYLIDENE-STABILIZED PHOSPHENIUM CATIONS

Phosphenium compounds with the general formula I: 2. The phosphenium compound as claimed in claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand R claim 1 , each independently of one another claim 1 , are chosen from isopropyl and tert-butyl.3. The phosphenium compound as claimed in wherein Xis chosen from BF claim 1 , PF claim 1 , SbFand/or BPh.5. The process as claimed in claim 4 , wherein X represents chlorine.6. A metal complex comprising the phosphenium compound with the general formula I as claimed in as a ligand.8. The metal complex as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the ligands L are chosen from halogen claim 7 , CN claim 7 , CO claim 7 , alkenes claim 7 , cycloalkenes and/or alkynes.9. The metal complex as claimed in claim 7 , wherein MLrepresents AuCl claim 7 , AuCl claim 7 , PdCl(allyl) claim 7 , RhCl(cod) claim 7 , RhCl(CO) claim 7 , CuCl claim 7 , RhCland/or BH.10. A cycloisomerization reaction catalyzed by the metal complex as claimed in . The present invention relates to novel stabilized cyclopropenylylidene cations and their use as ligands in metal catalysts.Phosphenium cations of the general formula [RP:]are isolobal with singlet carbenes and can be stabilized, for example, by donation of electron density in their empty orbital. This stabilization can, for example, be achieved by incorporation of the phosphorus atom in a heterocyclic backbone A or by reaction with bases with the formation of the corresponding Lewis adduct B (scheme 1).In both cases, the presence of a free electron pair on the phosphorus atom suggests the use of these compounds as ligands, though their intrinsic positive charge results in them being weak a donors and strong Π acceptors. In particular, in the adducts of type B, the resonance structure of Bdominates in the basic structure, if D is a phosphine, so that transition metal complexes, which can be derived from these compounds, are rare. Even in cases in which D is an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), the coordination properties of the ...

CATALYST COMPOSITIONS FOR SELECTIVE DIMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE

A catalyst composition comprises an inert hydrocarbon solvent, having dissolved therein a titanate of the formula Ti(OR)wherein each R is the same or different, and is a hydrocarbon residue, and an organic aluminum compound, wherein a molar ratio of the organic aluminum compound and any alkene present in the catalyst composition is greater than one. 1. A catalyst composition , comprising: [{'sub': '4', 'a titanate of the formula Ti(OR)wherein each R is the same or different, and is a hydrocarbon residue, and'}, 'an organic aluminum compound,, 'an inert hydrocarbon solvent, having dissolved therein'}wherein a molar ratio of the organic aluminum compound and any alkene present in the catalyst composition is greater than one.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the titanate is pre-treated with the inert hydrocarbon solvent in the absence of the aluminum compound.3. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the inert hydrocarbon solvent is an alkane or an aromatic hydrocarbon.4. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of aluminum to titanium in the catalyst composition is about 1:1 to about 40:1.5. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , further comprising a catalyst modifier claim 1 , wherein the catalyst modifier is an amine claim 1 , an ether claim 1 , a silicate claim 1 , a silazane claim 1 , a fluorinated hydrocarbon claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.6. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of the following conditions is met:the content of compounds comprising a carbon chain of more than 20 carbon atoms is less than 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition; orthe content of a polymer comprising 5 or more repeat units is less than 0.1 wt. %, based on the total weight of the catalyst composition.7. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 4', '4', '4, 'the titanate is Ti(O-butyl), Ti(O-n-alkyl), Ti(O-n-butyl), or a combination comprising ...

MODIFIED PREFORMATION METHOD FOR CATALYST ACTIVATION IN ETHYLENE REACTIONS

Systems and methods for catalyst activation in ethylene reactions are described. Systems and methods may include pre-mixing at least one ligand and at least one chromium source in at least one solvent to form a pre-mixed composition; activating the pre-mixed composition with an activator to form an activated composition; and supplying the pre-activated composition to a reactor. 1. A method for improving catalyst performance in an oligomerization of ethylene , the method comprising:pre-mixing at least one ligand and at least one chromium source in at least one solvent to form a pre-mixed composition;activating the pre-mixed composition with an activator to form an activated composition; andsupplying the pre-activated composition to a reactor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ligand is ((phenyl)PN(isopropyl)P(phenyl)NH(isopropyl)).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chromium source is chromium chloride claim 1 , chromium acetyl acetonate claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises toluene.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is supplied at a concentration between approximately 0.1% and approximately 95%.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activator is triethylaluminum.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activating comprises mixing the pre-mixed composition with the activator external to the reactor and stirring.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the mixing time is between approximately 1 minute and approximately 18 hours.9. A method for improving catalyst performance in an oligomerization of ethylene claim 7 , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'pre-mixing ((phenyl)PN(isopropyl)P(phenyl)NH(isopropyl)) and at least one chromium source in toluene to form a pre-mixed composition;'}activating the pre-mixed composition with an activator to form an activated composition; andsupplying the pre-activated composition to a reactor.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ...

CATALYTIC COMPOSITION COMPRISING NICKEL, A PHOSPHINE-TYPE LIGAND AND A LEWIS BASE, AND USE THEREOF IN AN OLEFIN OLIGOMERISATION METHOD

The invention concerns a catalytic composition comprising: at least one nickel precursor with an oxidation number of (+II), at least one phosphine ligand with formula PRRRin which the groups R, Rand R, which may be identical or different and which may or may not be bonded together, and at least one Lewis base, said composition having a molar ratio of the phosphine ligand to the nickel precursor of less than or equal to 5 and a molar ratio of the Lewis base and phosphine ligand together to the nickel precursor of greater than or equal to 5. 1. A catalytic composition comprising:at least one nickel precursor with an oxidation number of (+II),{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '1', '2', '3, 'claim-text': 'aromatic groups which may or may not be substituted and which may or may not contain heteroelements,', 'at least one phosphine ligand with formula PRRRin which the groups R, Rand R, which may be identical or different, and which may or may not be bonded together, are selected from'}and/or from hydrocarbyl groups, which may or may not be cyclic, which may or may not be substituted and which may or may not contain heteroelements,and at least one Lewis base,said composition having a molar ratio of the phosphine ligand to the nickel precursor of less than or equal to 5 and a molar ratio of the Lewis base and phosphine ligand together to the nickel precursor of greater than or equal to 5.2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , in which the molar ratio of the phosphine ligand to the nickel precursor is in the range 2 and 5.3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , in which the nickel precursor is selected from nickel(II) chloride; nickel(II) (dimethoxyethane) chloride;nickel(II) bromide; nickel(II) (dimethoxyethane) bromide; nickel(II) fluoride; nickel(II) iodide; nickel(II) sulphate; nickel(II) carbonate; nickel(II) dimethylglyoxime; nickel(II) hydroxide; nickel(II) hydroxyacetate; nickel(II) oxalate; nickel(II) carboxylates selected from the group formed by nickel(II) 2- ...

PROCESS FOR THE SELECTIVE DIMERISATION OF ETHYLENE TO 1-BUTENE

The invention concerns a process for the selective dimerization of ethylene to 1-butene employing a catalytic composition comprising at least one alkoxy or aryloxy titanium compound, at least one additive selected from ether type compounds and at least one aluminium compound. 1. A process for the selective dimerization of ethylene to 1-butene using a catalytic composition comprising at least one alkoxy or aryloxy titanium compound , at least one additive selected from ether type compounds and at least one aluminium compound , in which the molar ratio between the additive and the alkoxy or aryloxy titanium compound is strictly more than 10 and the molar ratio between the aluminium compound and the alkoxy or aryloxy titanium compound is strictly more than 4.2. The process according to claim 1 , in which the molar ratio between the additive and the alkoxy or aryloxy titanium compound of the catalytic composition is in the range 11 to 19.3. The process according to claim 1 , in which the molar ratio between the aluminium compound and the alkoxy or aryloxy titanium compound of the catalytic composition is in the range 5 to 15.4. The process according to claim 1 , in which the alkoxy titanium compound has the general formula [Ti(OR)] claim 1 , in which R is a linear or branched alkyl radical containing 2 to 30 carbon atoms.5. The process according to claim 1 , in which the aryloxy titanium compound has the general formula [Ti(OR′)] claim 1 , in which R′ is an aryl radical which may or may not be substituted with alkyl claim 1 , aryl or aralkyl groups containing 2 to 30 carbon atoms.6. The process according to claim 1 , in which the aluminium compound is selected from the group formed by hydrocarbylaluminium compounds claim 1 , tris(hydrocarbyl)aluminium compounds claim 1 , chlorine-containing or bromine-containing hydrocarbylaluminium compounds and aluminoxanes.7. The process according to claim 6 , in which the aluminium compound is selected from the group formed by ...

Catalytic composition and process for the selective dimerization of ethylene to 1-butene

The invention describes a catalytic composition obtained by interaction of an alkyl titanate on the one hand with a preformed mixture of an alkylaluminium and a Lewis base on the other hand. The invention also describes the use of said composition in a process for the selective dimerization of ethylene to 1-butene.

PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF 2,5-DIMETHYLPHENOL

The present invention relates to a new method to produce 2,5-dimethylphenol (2,5-DMP). 2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is an Au(I) complex.6. A process according claim 3 , wherein the Au(I) complex is added to reaction mixture as such.7. Process according to claim 3 , wherein the Au(I) complex is formed in situ in the reaction mixture.8. Process according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate to catalyst ratio is 2:1 to 10000:1 claim 1 , preferably are 10:1 to 3000:1 The present invention relates to a new method to produce 2,5-dimethylphenol (2,5-DMP).2,5-dimethylphenol, which is also called 2,5 xylenol, can be used for example as an intermediate in the production of vitamin E.Xylenols are organic compounds with the formula (I)They are volatile colorless solids or oily liquids. They are derivatives of phenol with two methyl groups and a hydroxyl group. Six isomers are existing.Together with many other compounds, xylenols are traditionally extracted from coal tar, the volatile materials obtained in the production of coke from coal. These residues contain a few percent by weight of xylenols as well as cresols and phenol.Together with cresols and cresylic acid, xylenols are an important class of phenolics with great industrial importance. They are used in the manufacture of antioxidants. Xylenol orange is a redox indicator built on a xylenol skeleton. 2,5-DMP, which is the compound of formula (Ia)is an intermediate in the production of the 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (2,3,6-TMP) which is the compound of formula (II)2,3,6-TMP is usually produced by a gasphase methylation of 2,5-DMP.2,3,6-TMP can be used as such (for example in cosmetic formulations) as well as intermediate in the production of other organic compounds, such as for example vitamin E.Due to fact that of 2,5-DMP is obtained from not renewable resources, an alternative, more sustainable production of 2,5-DMP is desirable.We now found a new way for the production of 2,5-DMP, which is carried out ...

MODIFYING ORGANOALUMINUM CO-CATALYSTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE

Processes of making catalyst compositions are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the processes include modifying an organoaluminum compound with a modifier that decreases the initial reducing strength of the organoaluminum compound, where the modifier can be an ether, an anhydride, an amine, an amide, a silicate, a silyl ether, a siloxane, an ester, a carbonate, a urea, a carbamate, a sulfoxide, a sulfone, a phosphoramide, or a combination thereof. The processes further include adding a transition metal complex to the mixture of the organoaluminum compound and the modifier; and obtaining a catalyst composition including the organoaluminum compound and the transition metal complex. 1. A process of making a catalyst composition , comprising:treating an organoaluminum compound with a modifier that decreases the initial reducing strength of the organoaluminum compound, wherein the modifier is selected from the group consisting of ethers, anhydrides, amines, amides, silicates, silyl ethers, siloxanes, esters, carbonates, ureas, carbamates, sulfoxides, sulfones, phosphoramides, silanes, and acetals;adding a transition metal complex to the mixture of the organoaluminum compound and the modifier; andobtaining a catalyst composition comprising the organoaluminum compound and the transition metal complex.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal complex comprises at least one of the metals of Groups IV-B claim 1 , V-B claim 1 , VI-B claim 1 , and VIII of the Periodic Table.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the organoaluminum compound is triethylaluminum.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the modifier a monoether claim 1 , or wherein the ether is a diether.5. process of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal complex is not mixed with a catalyst modifier prior to adding the transition metal complex to the mixture of the organoaluminum compound and the modifier.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal complex is diluted in a solvent claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR OLEFIN OLIGOMERIZATION

The present invention relates to a method for olefin oligomerization and comprising i) injecting an olefin monomer and a solvent into a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR); ii) injecting an oligomerization catalyst system comprising a ligand compound, a transition metal compound, and a co-catalyst into the continuous stirred tank reactor; and iii) performing a multimerization reaction of the olefin monomer, wherein a ratio of the flowing rates of the olefin monomer and the solvent is from 1:1 to 2:1. In the method for olefin oligomerization according to the present invention, high linear alpha-olefin selectivity may be attained even with a small amount of a solvent used by controlling reaction conditions during the multimerization reaction of olefin by a continuous reaction using a continuous stirred tank reactor. 1. A method for olefin oligomerization , the method comprising:i) injecting an olefin monomer and a solvent into a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR);ii) injecting an oligomerization catalyst system comprising a ligand compound, a transition metal compound, and a co-catalyst into the continuous stirred tank reactor; andiii) performing a multimerization reaction of the olefin monomer,wherein a ratio of flowing rates of the olefin monomer and the solvent is from 1:1 to 2:1.2. The method for olefin oligomerization of claim 1 , wherein the multimerization reaction of the olefin in the continuous stirred tank reactor is conducted under a pressure of 30 bar to 150 bar.3. The method for olefin oligomerization of claim 1 , wherein the multimerization reaction of the olefin in the continuous stirred tank reactor is conducted at temperature conditions of 30° C. to 150° C.4. The method for olefin oligomerization of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the ligand compound of the oligomerization catalyst system injected in step ii) is from 3 μM to 15 μM.5. The method for olefin oligomerization of claim 1 , wherein an amount of the co-catalyst for oligomerization ...

ENANTIOSELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF 4-SUBSTITUTED 1,2-DIHYDROQUINOLINES IN PRESENCE OF A CHIRAL IRIDIUM CATALYST

The invention relates to a process for preparing optically active 4-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines comprising enantioselective hydrogenation of the corresponding 4-substituted 1,2-dihydroquinolines in presence of a chiral iridium (P,N)-ligand catalyst. 2: The process according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'sub': 1', '6', '6', '14', '1', '4, 'claim-text': {'sub': 6', '14', '6', '14', '1', '4', '1', '4', '1', '4', '1', '4', '1', '4, 'wherein C-C-aryl in the C-C-aryl-C-C-alkyl moiety is unsubstituted or substituted by one to five substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C-C-alkyl, C-C-haloalkyl, C-C-alkoxy and C-C-haloalkoxy'}, 'Ris C-C-alkyl or C-C-aryl-C-C-alkyl,'}{'sup': 2', '3, 'sub': 1', '4, 'Rand Rare the same and are selected from C-C-alkyl,'}{'sup': '4', 'sub': 1', '4', '1', '4', '1', '4', '1', '4, 'Ris C-C-alkyl, C-C-haloalkyl, C-C-alkoxy, C-C-haloalkoxy, phenyl or benzyl,'}n is 0, 1 or 2, and{'sup': '5', 'sub': 1', '6', '1', '6, 'each substituent R, if present, is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, C-C-alkyl and C-C-haloalkyl.'}3: The process according to claim 1 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'Ris methyl, ethyl or n-propyl,'}{'sup': 2', '3, 'Rand Rare methyl,'}{'sup': '4', 'sub': 1', '4, 'Ris C-C-alkyl,'}n is 0, 1 or 2, and{'sup': '5', 'sub': 1', '6, 'each substituent R, if present, is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen and C-C-alkyl.'}6: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation is conducted using hydrogen gas at a pressure of from 1 to 300 bar.7: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of iridium catalyst used is within the range of from 0.001 mol % to 5 mol % claim 1 , based on the amount of the compound of the formula (II).8: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation is conducted at a temperature within the range of from 20° C. to 130° C.9: The process according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrogenation is conducted in presence of a ...

Chelating Carbene Ligand Precursors and Their Use in the Synthesis of Metathesis Catalysts

Chelating ligand precursors for the preparation of olefin methathesis catalysts are disclosed. The resulting catalysts are air stable monomeric species capable of promoting various methathesis reactions efficiently, which can be recovered from the reaction mixture and reused. Internal olefin compounds, specifically beta-substituted styrenes, are used as ligand precursors. Compared to terminal olefin compounds such as unsubstituted styrenes, the beta-substituted styrenes are easier and less costly to prepare, and more stable since they are less prone to spontaneous polymerization. Methods of preparing chelating-carbene methathesis catalysts without the use of CuCl are disclosed. This eliminates the need for CuCl by replacing it with organic acids, mineral acids, mild oxidants or even water, resulting in high yields of Hoveyda-type methathesis catalysts. The invention provides an efficient method for preparing chelating-carbene metathesis catalysts by reacting a suitable ruthenium complex in high concentrations of the ligand precursors followed by crystallization from an organic solvent. 2. The chelating carbene complex of claim 1 , wherein the chelating carbene complex is prepared by a method comprising contacting a metathesis-active metal carbene complex of the formula XXLLM=CRRwith a beta-substituted styrene ligand precursor claim 1 , wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '1, 'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'X, X, L, and M are as defined in ;'}{'sup': 2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'Lis any neutral electron donor, and wherein any of two or three of X, X, L, and Lmay form a multidentate ligand; and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2, 'Rand Rare each, independently, selected from hydrogen or a substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, alkylcarboxylate, arylcarboxylate, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, aryloxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, or trialkylsilyl, wherein each of the substituents is substituted or ...

Cross-Coupling Reaction Catalysts, and Methods of Making and Using Same

The present invention provides novel transition-metal precatalysts that are useful in preparing active coupling catalysts. In certain embodiments, the precatalysts of the invention are air-stable and moisture-stable. The present invention further provides methods of making and using the precatalysts of the invention. 2. The precatalyst of claim 1 , wherein each occurrence of M is independently selected from the group consisting of Pd claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , and Pt.3. The precatalyst of claim 1 , wherein at least one applies:(a) the two occurrences of M in (I) are identical;(b) the two ligands comprising 5-membered rings are identical;(c) each occurrence of Z is independently selected from the group consisting of CH and CR.46-. (canceled)7. The precatalyst of claim 1 , wherein each occurrence of X is independently selected from the group consisting of triflate claim 1 , pentafluoroethanesulfonate claim 1 , heptafluoropropanesulfonate claim 1 , and nonafluorobutanesulfonate.8. (canceled)11. The precatalyst of claim 9 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Pd claim 9 , Ni claim 9 , and Pt.12. (canceled)13. The precatalyst of claim 9 , wherein each occurrence of Z is independently selected from the group consisting of CH and CR.14. The precatalyst of claim 9 , wherein X is selected from the group consisting of triflate claim 9 , pentafluoroethanesulfonate claim 9 , heptafluoropropanesulfonate claim 9 , and nonafluorobutanesulfonate.15. (canceled)16. The precatalyst of claim 9 ,wherein L is selected from the group consisting of 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropyl phenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene and 1,3-bis(2,6-bis-(diphenylmethyl)-4-methoxyphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene, orwherein L is a bidentate phosphine ligand.17. (canceled)18. The precatalyst of claim 16 , wherein L is a bidentate phosphine ligand selected from the group consisting of AmPhos (di-t-butylphosphino-4-dimethylaminobenzene) claim 16 , DavePhos (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′-(N claim 16 ,N- ...

Multi-Stage Oxidative Dehydrogenation Process with Inter-Stage Cooling

A method of oxidatively dehydrogenating a dehydrogenation reactant includes providing a first gaseous feed stream to a first adiabatic, catalytic reaction zone with less than a stoichiometric amount of oxygen and superheated steam, oxidatively dehydrogenating dehydrogenation reactant in said first adiabatic, catalytic reaction zone and subsequently cooling the effluent, adding additional oxygen and reacting the effluent stream in at least one subsequent adiabatic reaction zone. The deydrogenation system enables higher conversion and yield per pass and in some cases greatly reduces steam usage and energy costs. In a preferred integrated process, ethylene is converted to n-butene which is then oxidatively dehydrogenated to butadiene. 1. A method of oxidatively dehydrogenating a dehydrogenation reactant comprising:(a) providing a first gaseous feed stream to a first adiabatic, catalytic reaction zone at a first-stage inlet temperature, the first feed stream including a dehydrogenation reactant, oxygen and superheated steam, wherein the molar ratio of superheated steam to dehydrogenation reactant is from 0.5:1 to 20:1;(b) oxidatively dehydrogenating dehydrogenation reactant in said first adiabatic, catalytic reaction zone to provide a first-stage effluent stream enriched in said dehydrogenated product at a first-stage effluent temperature above said first-stage inlet temperature;(c) cooling the first-stage effluent stream in a first heat transfer zone to a second-stage inlet temperature lower than said first-stage effluent temperature to provide a second gaseous feed stream comprising superheated steam, dehydrogenation reactant and dehydrogenated product;(d) feeding said second gaseous feed stream at said second-stage inlet temperature to a second adiabatic, catalytic reaction zone along with additional oxygen;(e) oxidatively dehydrogenating dehydrogenation reactant in said second adiabatic, catalytic reaction zone to provide a second stage effluent stream further ...

MONOPHOSPHINE COMPOUNDS AND PALLADIUM CATALYSTS BASED THEREON FOR THE ALKOXYCARBONYLATION OF ETHYLENICALLY UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS

The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) 2. Compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '1', 'sub': 1', '12, 'where Ris —(C-C)-alkyl.'}3. Compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '2', 'sub': 6', '20', '3', '20, 'where Ris selected from —(C-C)-aryl and —(C-C)-heteroaryl.'}4. Compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '2', 'where Ris selected from phenyl, pyrimidyl and imidazolyl.'}5. Compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '3', 'where Ris selected from heteroaryl groups having five or six ring atoms.'}6. Compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': '3', 'where Ris selected from pyrimidyl and imidazolyl.'}7. Compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3, 'sub': 1', '12, 'where R, Rand Rmay each independently be substituted by one or more substituents selected from —(C-C)-alkyl.'}9. Complex comprising Pd and a compound according to .11. Process according to claim 10 , wherein the ethylenically unsaturated compound is selected from ethene claim 10 , propene claim 10 , 1-butene claim 10 , cis- and/or trans-2-butene claim 10 , isobutene claim 10 , 1 claim 10 ,3-butadiene claim 10 , 1-pentene claim 10 , cis- and/or trans-2-pentene claim 10 , 2-methyl-1-butene claim 10 , 3-methyl-1-butene claim 10 , 2-methyl-2-butene claim 10 , hexene claim 10 , tetramethylethylene claim 10 , heptene claim 10 , 1-octene claim 10 , 2-octene claim 10 , di-n-butene claim 10 , and mixtures thereof.12. Process according to claim 10 ,wherein the compound comprising Pd in process step b) is selected from palladium dichloride, palladium(II) acetylacetonate, palladium(II) acetate, dichloro(1,5-cycloocta-diene)palladium(II), bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium, bis(acetonitrile)dichloro-palladium(II), palladium(cinnamyl) dichloride.13. Process according to claim 10 ,wherein the alcohol in process step c) is selected from methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol, 3-pentanol, cyclohexanol, phenol, and mixtures thereof.14. Process according to claim 10 , ...

Catalyst Systems and Polymerization Processes for Using the Same

A catalyst system including the product of the combination of an unbridged Group 4 metallocene compound and a 2,6-bis(imino)pyridyl iron complex is provided. A process for the polymerization of monomers (such as olefin monomers) and a polymer produced therefrom are also provided. 1. An ethylene copolymer composition comprising 90 wt % or more of ethylene derived units and from 6 wt % to 10 wt % Cto Cα-olefin derived units , based on the total weight of the ethylene composition;{'sup': '3', 'wherein the ethylene copolymer composition has density within the range from 0.910 to 0.960 g/cmand a ratio of weight average molecular weight to number-average molecular weight (Mw/Mn) of greater than 3; and'}further wherein the ethylene copolymer composition has one or more of the following properties:a mole-basis reversed comonomer index (RCI,m) within the range from 150 to 500;a comonomer distribution ratio (CDR-2,m) within the range from 1 to 4; and{'sub': 75', '25, 'a composition distribution breadth (T-Tvalue as measured by TREF) within the range from 15 to 50° C.'}2. The ethylene copolymer composition of claim 1 , wherein the Cto Cα-olefin derived units are selected from the group consisting of 1-butene claim 1 , 1-hexene claim 1 , 1-octene claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The ethylene copolymer composition of claim 1 , having T-Tvalue as measured by TREF greater than 30° C.4. The ethylene copolymer composition of claim 1 , having both (1) RCI claim 1 ,m within the range from 150 to 500 and (2) CDR-2 claim 1 ,m within the range from 1 to 4.5. The ethylene copolymer composition of claim 1 , further having one or more of the following properties:(a) weight average molecular weight (Mw) within the range from 75,000 to 200,000 g/mol;(b) ratio of z-average molecular weight to weight average molecular weight (Mz/Mw) within the range from 1 to 10; and{'sub': 'vis', '(c) g′greater than 0.9.'}6. The ethylene copolymer composition of claim 5 , having all of the properties (a ...

PALLADIUM CATALYSTS WITH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE IN BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS

Provided herein are palladium (Pd) catalysts with improved performance in biological environments. In particular, formulations, methods of preparations, and storage conditions are provided that provide improved performance of Pd catalysts under protein-rich conditions. 1. A Pd catalyst composition comprising phosphine-coordinated palladium ions , wherein phosphine ligand is present at 6-12 fold excess over palladium in the composition.2. The Pd catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphine ligand is a strong π-acceptor aryl phosphine.3. (canceled)4. The Pd catalyst composition of claim 3 , wherein the phosphine ligand is selected from the group consisting of DANPHOS claim 3 , o-DANPHOS claim 3 , p-DANPHOS claim 3 , DAN2PHOS claim 3 , o-DAN2PHOS p-DAN2PHOS claim 3 , and DANPHOS/DAN2PHOS derivatives with alternative solubilizing groups.5. The Pd catalyst composition of claim 4 , wherein the phosphine ligand is o-DANPHOS.6. The Pd catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the palladium is provided as a Palladium(II) salt selected from the group consisting of: Palladium acetate (Pd(OAc)) claim 1 , Palladium trifluoroacetate (Pd(TFA)) claim 1 , Palladium nitrate (Pd(NO)) claim 1 , Palladium chloride (PdCl) claim 1 , Palladium bromide (PdBr) claim 1 , Sodium tetrachloropalladate (NaPdCl) claim 1 , Potassium tetrachloropalladate (KPdCl) claim 1 , Lithium tetrachloropalladate (LiPdCl) claim 1 , Sodium tetrabromopalladate (NaPdBr) claim 1 , Potassium tetrabromopalladate (KPdBr) claim 1 , Pd(dibenzylideneacetone) claim 1 , Pd(dibenzylideneacetone) claim 1 , and Buchwald precatalysts.7. The Pd catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphine-coordinated palladium ions are in aqueous solution.8. The Pd catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the phosphine-coordinated palladium ions are lyophilized.910.-. (canceled)11. A method for the preparation of a Pd catalyst claim 1 , comprising combining a palladium(II) salt with a phosphine ligand in buffered or un- ...

P-N-P LIGAND

A new P-N-P ligand is useful in ethylene oligomerizations. In combination with i) a source of chromium; and ii) an activator such as methylalumoxane; the ligand of this invention may be used to prepare an oligomer product that contains a mixture of high purity alpha olefins. In a preferred embodiment, the ligand of this invention enables a selective oligomerization in which the majority of the liquid product is a mixture of hexene and octene. The amount of by-product polymer that is produced in preferred oligomerization reactions is advantageously low. 3. The ligand of wherein each of Ar claim 2 , Ar claim 2 , and Aris aromatic hydrocarbyl.4. The ligand of wherein Aris phenyl and Arand Arare ortho-fluoro substituted phenyl.5. The ligand of wherein Ris a Chydrocarbyl.6. The ligand of wherein Ris isopropyl.8. The process of when undertaken at a temperature of from about 10° C. to about 300° C. and a pressure of from about 5 atmospheres to about 150 atmospheres.9. The process of wherein said source of Cr is selected from the group consisting of chromium chlorides; chromium carbonyl; chromium carboxylates and chromium acetylacetonate.10. The process of wherein said activator comprises methylaluminoxane.11. The process of which is further characterized by producing a liquid product stream which contains greater than about 25 weight % octene-1. This invention provides a new family of P-N-P ligands. The ligands are useful in ethylene oligomerization reactions. The ligands are characterized by having at least one aromatic fluorocarbyl alkoxide group bonded to a P atom.Alpha olefins are commercially produced by the oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of a simple alkyl aluminum catalyst (in the so called “chain growth” process) or alternatively, in the presence of an organometallic nickel catalyst (in the so called Shell Higher Olefins, or “SHOP” process). Both of these processes typically produce a crude oligomer product having a broad distribution of alpha olefins ...

Process for oligomerization

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

PROCESS FOR THE CATALYTIC REVERSIBLE ALKENE-NITRILE INTERCONVERSION

The present invention refers to processes for catalytic reversible alkene-nitrile interconversion through controllable HCN-free transfer hydrocyanation. 2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rcan be the same or different and each independently represents H claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , aralkyl claim 1 , heteroaryl claim 1 , heteroaralkyl claim 1 , each being optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from straight chain or branched chain alkyl claim 1 , cycloalkyl claim 1 , heterocycloalkyl claim 1 , alkenyl claim 1 , alkynyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , aralkyl claim 1 , heteroaryl claim 1 , heteroaralkyl or a heterosubstituent claim 1 , or a heterosubstituent claim 1 , or Rand Rform a bond; wherein at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Ris not hydrogen.3. Process according to claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rcan be the same or different and each independently represents H claim 1 , straight chain or branched chain alkyl claim 1 , cycloalkyl claim 1 , heterocycloalkyl claim 1 , each being optionally substituted by one or more groups selected from straight chain or branched chain alkyl claim 1 , cycloalkyl claim 1 , heterocycloalkyl claim 1 , alkenyl claim 1 , alkynyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , aralkyl claim 1 , heteroaryl claim 1 , heteroaralkyl or a heterosubstituent claim 1 , or a heterosubstituent claim 1 , or at least two of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rmay each form a cyclic 3 to 20 membered hydrocarbon ring structure which may further be substituted by one or more groups selected from alkyl claim 1 , cycloalkyl claim 1 , heterocycloalkyl claim 1 , aryl claim 1 , heteroaryl or heterosubstituent claim 1 , and optionally having any of O claim 1 , S claim 1 , N in the straight chain claim 1 , branched chain or cyclic structure claim 1 , wherein optionally at least one of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Ris not hydrogen.4. Process according to claim 3 , wherein R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rcan be the same or ...

1-HEXENE PRODUCTION PROCESS

Disclosed is transition metal complex that serves as a catalytic component with which 1-hexene can be produced efficiently with excellent selectivity, even under high temperature conditions, by means of an ethylene trimerization reaction. Said transition metal complex is represented by the following general formula (1), wherein Mrepresents a Group 4 transition metal atom, and Rthrough Rand Xthrough Xeach independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a specific organic group. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein Min the general formula (1) is a titanium atom.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein each of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rin the general formula (1) is a methyl group.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the general formula (1) claim 1 , Ris a methyl group claim 1 , and Risan alkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom as a substituent oran aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom as a substituent.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in the general formula (1) claim 1 , Rand Rare the same and arealkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom as a substituent oraryl groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom as a substituent.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in the general formula (1) claim 1 , Rand Rare eachan alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom as a substituent oran aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom as a substituent, and{'sup': 10', '11, 'Rand Rare each an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may have a halogen atom as a substituent.'} This application is a divisional of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,250, filed Dec. 18, 2014, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/498,980, filed Mar. 29, 2012, now abandoned, which was a Section 371 of International Application No. PCT/ ...

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RU ALKYLIDENE COMPLEXES

This invention relates generally to olefin metathesis catalyst compounds, to the preparation of such compounds, compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds, articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds in the metathesis of olefins and olefin compounds. The invention has utility in the fields of catalysts, organic synthesis, polymer chemistry, and industrial and fine chemicals industry. 8. The olefin metathesis catalyst according to claim 7 , wherein{'sup': '1', 'Xis Cl;'}{'sup': '2', 'Xis Cl;'}{'sup': '1', 'Ris morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino;'}{'sup': '2', 'Ris phenyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino; and'}{'sup': '3', 'Ris phenyl or morpholino.'}11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein:{'sup': '1', 'Xis Cl;'}{'sup': '2', 'Xis Cl;'}{'sup': '1', 'Ris morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino;'}{'sup': '2', 'Ris phenyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, methyl-phenylamino, or di-iso-propylamino; and'}{'sup': '3', 'Ris phenyl or morpholino'}{'sup': '5', 'Ris 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl;'}{'sup': '6', 'Ris 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl;'}{'sup': 'd', 'Ris phenyl;'}{'sup': 'e', 'Ris phenyl; and'}{'sup': 'f', 'Ris phenyl, methyl, p-(OMe)phenyl, or iso-propyl.'}13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein:{'sup': '1', 'Ris morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-methyl-piperazino, piperidino, N-acetyl-piperazino, di-benzyl-amino, N-ethylcarboxylate-piperazino, diethylamino, ...

LIGAND COMPOUND, CATALYST SYSTEM FOR OLEFIN OLIGOMERIZATION, AND METHOD FOR OLEFIN OLIGOMERIZATION USING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, a catalyst system for olefin oligomerization comprising the same, and a method of olefin oligomerization using the same. 2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein X is methylene or phenylene.3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Rto Rare identical to each other.4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Rto Rare phenyl.5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare hydrogen.6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare identical to each other claim 1 , and are hydrogen or methyl.7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen or iso-propyl.8. The compound according to claim 7 , wherein Rhydrogen.9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Rto Rare hydrogen.10. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen or methyl.12. A catalyst system for olefin oligomerization claim 1 , comprising the compound according to claim 1 , a source of a transition metal claim 1 , and a cocatalyst.13. The catalyst system according to claim 12 , wherein the source of a transition metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of chromium(III)acetylacetonate claim 12 , tris(tetrahydrofuran)chromium trichloride claim 12 , chromium(III)-2-ethylhexanoate claim 12 , chromium(III)tris(2 claim 12 ,2 claim 12 ,6 claim 12 ,6-tetramethyl-3 claim 12 ,5-heptanedionate) claim 12 , chromium(III)benzoylacetonate claim 12 , chromium(III)hexafluoro-2 claim 12 ,4-pentanedionate claim 12 , and chromium(III)acetate hydroxide.14. The catalyst system according to claim 12 , wherein the cocatalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the following Chemical Formulae 3 to 5:{'br': None, 'sub': 15', 'c, '—[Al(R)—O]—\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 3]'}in Chemical Formula 3,{'sub': 15', '1-20', '1-20, "R's are independently a halogen, a Calkyl, or a Chaloalkyl, and"} {'br': None, 'sub': 16', '3, 'D(R)\u2003\u2003[Chemical ...

Alkane-Alkene Coupling Via Tandem Alkane-Dehydrogenation/Alkene-Dimerization Catalyzed by Pincer Iridium Catalyst Heterogenized on Solid Supports

Disclosed herein are processes for tandem alkene dehydrogenation/alkene dimerization using an iridium pincer complex catalyst on a support comprising magnesium silicates (e.g., Florisil®). The reaction process comprises providing an iridium pincer complex bound to a solid support comprising magnesium silicates; providing a gaseous alkane feedstock comprising at least one alkane; and contacting the gaseous alkane feedstock with the iridium pincer complex bound to the solid support in the presence of a hydrogen acceptor to form dimerized alkenes. The processes disclosed herein can accomplish facile, low-temperature tandem transfer dehydrogenation of alkanes and dimerization of alkenes with unprecedented TONs at a reasonable rate of conversion. 1. A process for preparing dimerized alkenes in a tandem dehydrogenation/alkene dimerization reaction comprising:providing an iridium pincer complex bound to a solid support comprising magnesium silicates;providing a gaseous alkane feedstock comprising at least one alkane;contacting the gaseous alkane feedstock with the iridium pincer complex bound to the solid support in the presence of a hydrogen acceptor to form the dimerized alkenes; andrecovering the dimerized alkenes as recovered dimerized alkenes.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least one alkane of the gaseous alkane feedstock comprises 4 or 5 carbons.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the recovered dimerized alkenes comprise Cdimerized alkenes.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the recovered dimerized alkenes comprise Cdimerized alkenes.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen acceptor comprises ethylene claim 1 , propene or mixtures thereof.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the iridium pincer complex is (p-OM-PCP)Ir(CH) bound to the solid support comprising magnesium silicate claim 1 , where M is K or the solid support.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process has a TON for Cproducts of at least 100 at 10 minutes.8. The process of claim 1 , ...

HALOGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUND AND USE THEREOF AS CATALYST LIGAND IN ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION

A halogen-containing compound as shown in a formula I can be used as a ligand for an ethylene oligomerization catalyst composition. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst composition containing the halogen-containing compound can be used to catalyze ethylene oligomerization, trimerization, and tetramerization reactions. As a ligand of a catalyst for ethylene oligomerization, a fluoropolymer can effectively improve the catalytic performance of a catalyst system, and particularly exhibits improved activity and selectivity in an ethylene oligomerization reaction.

METHOD OF PREPARING A MOLECULAR CATALYST

Method of preparing a molecular catalyst from a mixture comprising a (C-C)alkane, a spray-dried alkylaluminoxane, and a molecular procatalyst. Molecular catalysts prepared by the method may be screened. 1. A method of preparing a molecular catalyst , the method comprising mixing under activating conditions a molecular procatalyst , a spray-dried alkylaluminoxane on hydrophobic fumed silica (sdAAO/HFS) , and a (C-C)alkane to give a catalyst system comprising a molecular catalyst in the (C-C)alkane.2. The method of wherein the (C-C)alkane is a (C)alkane claim 1 , a (C)alkane claim 1 , or a mixture of a (C)alkane and a (C)alkane.3. The method of wherein the (C-C)alkane is hexane claim 1 , pentane claim 1 , or a mixture of hexane and pentane.4. The method of wherein (i) the alkylaluminoxane is methylaluminoxane (MAO); (ii) the hydrophobic fumed silica is a treated fumed silica prepared by treating an untreated fumed silica with a treating effective amount of a treating agent reactive with silicon-bonded hydroxyl groups; or (iii) both (i) and (ii).5. The method of wherein the treating agent reactive with silicon-bonded hydroxyl groups is hexamethyldisilazane; a cyclic silazane; a combination of hexamethyldisilazane and a cyclic silazane; a combination of hexamethyldisilazane in a silicone oil; a (C-C)alkyltrialkoxysilane; an alkylchlorosilane of formula RSiCl claim 4 , wherein subscript x is an integer of 0 claim 4 , 1 claim 4 , 2 claim 4 , or 3; and each R is independently a (C-C)alkyl; an alkylhydridosilane of formula RSiH claim 4 , wherein subscript y is an integer of 0 claim 4 , 1 claim 4 , 2 claim 4 , or 3; and each R is independently a (C-C)alkyl; or a combination of any two or more thereof.6. The method of wherein the treating agent reactive with silicon-bonded hydroxyl groups is hexamethyldisilazane; a combination of hexamethyldisilazane and octamethylcyclotetrasilazane; a combination of hexamethyldisilazane in a bis[trimethylsilyl-endcapped] polydimethylsiloxane ...

Polymerization catalyst, copolymer, polymer composition, and crosslinked polymer

Provided is a polymerization catalyst including a metal complex obtained by mixing at least one ketimine derivative selected from the group consisting of a β-ketimine compound and a tautomer thereof with a compound having at least one metal selected from among Group 4 and 5 transitional metals, an organoaluminum compound, and a halogen compound.

OLIGOMERISATION PROCESS

This invention relates to base oils for lubricating compositions. In particular, the present invention provides a process for the selective oligomerisation of C5 to C20 alpha-olefins to produce polyalphaolefin oligomers with a molecular weight distribution that is suitable for use in lubricant base oils. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein M represents aluminium.3. A process according to claim 2 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one metal halide salt to the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is in the range of from 1:1 to 2:1.4. A process according to claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio of the metal halide salt to the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is from about 55:45 to about 65:35.5. A process according to claim 4 , wherein the molar ratio of the metal halide salt to the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is about 3:2.6. A process according to any one of the preceding claims claim 4 , wherein X represents bromine or chlorine claim 4 , preferably chlorine.7. A process according to claim 6 , wherein MXrepresents AlCl.8. A process according to any one of the preceding claims claim 6 , wherein the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is selected from ligands containing a donor atom selected from oxygen claim 6 , sulphur claim 6 , nitrogen and phosphorus.9. A process according to claim 8 , wherein the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is selected from the group of compounds consisting of ketones claim 8 , sulfoxides claim 8 , phosphine-oxides claim 8 , ureas claim 8 , esters claim 8 , amides claim 8 , ethers claim 8 , thioketones claim 8 , thioureas claim 8 , thioamides claim 8 , thioethers claim 8 , amines claim 8 , nitriles and phosphines.10. A process according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is selected from amides and ureas.11. A process according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one Lewis basic donor ligand is selected from compounds having a formula selected from R—C(O)—R claim 9 , R—S(O)—R claim 9 ...

REVERSIBLE LIQUID ORGANIC SYSTEM FOR LOADING AND DISCHARGING HYDROGEN BASED ON ETHYLENE GLYCOL

This invention provides a reversible hydrogen loading and discharging system and a reversible method for loading and discharging hydrogen. The system and the methods of this invention comprise ethylene glycol as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier and at least one transition metal. By reacting ethylene glycol with at least one transition metal; at least one hydrogen molecule and at least one oligoester of ethylene glycol are formed (hydrogen releasing)⋅, and by reacting at least one oligoester of ethylene glycol with at least one transition metal and at least one hydrogen molecule, at least one ethylene glycol is formed (hydrogen loading). 1. A reversible hydrogen loading and discharging system comprising: ethylene glycol as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier and at least one transition metal.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a reaction chamber configured to collect the LOHC and the catalyst of the invention; a heating element configured to heat the LOHC and the catalyst to release hydrogen; a buffer tank in flow communication with the reaction chamber configured to collect and temporarily store the hydrogen; a compressor system in flow communication with the buffer tank configured to pressurize the hydrogen to a selected pressure; a storage system in flow communication with the compressor system configured to store a selected quantity of the hydrogen; a dispensing system in flow communication with the storage system configured to dispense the hydrogen to a hydrogen fuel cell or to the internal combustion engine.3. The reversible hydrogen loading and discharging system according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one transition metal is selected from Mn claim 1 , Fe claim 1 , Co claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Ru claim 1 , Rh claim 1 , Pd claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Ag or any combinations thereof.4. The reversible hydrogen loading and discharging system according to claim 1 , wherein said at least one transition metal is coordinated to at least one ...

Oligomerisation process

This invention relates to base oils for lubricating compositions. In particular, the present invention provides a process for the selective oligomerisation of C 5 to C 20 alpha-olefins to produce polyalphaolefin oligomers with a molecular weight distribution that is suitable for use in lubricant base oils.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING POLYOLS

A method of producing a polyether polyol that includes reacting a low molecular weight initiator with ethylene oxide in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, the low molecular weight initiator having a number average molecular weight of less than 1,000 g/mol and a nominal hydroxyl functionality at least 2, and the polymerization catalyst being a Lewis acid catalyst having the general formula M(R)1(R)1(R)1(R)0 or 1. Whereas, M is boron, aluminum, indium, bismuth or erbium, R, R, and Reach includes a same fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group, and optional Rincludes a functional group or functional polymer group. R, R, and Rare the same fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group. The method further includes forming a polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of greater than the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight initiator in the presence of the Lewis acid catalyst. 1. A method of producing a polyether polyol , comprising:{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '1', '2', '3', '4, 'sub': 1', '1', '1', '0 or 1, 'reacting a low molecular weight initiator with ethylene oxide in the presence of a polymerization catalyst, the low molecular weight initiator having a nominal hydroxyl functionality of at least 2, and the polymerization catalyst being a Lewis acid catalyst having the general formula M(R)(R)(R)(R), whereas M is boron, aluminum, indium, bismuth or erbium, R, Rand Reach includes a same fluoroalkyl-substituted phenyl group, and optional Rincludes a functional group or functional polymer group; and'}forming a polyether polyol having a number average molecular weight of greater than the number average molecular weight of the low molecular weight initiator in the presence of the Lewis acid catalyst.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the Lewis acid catalyst has the general formula M(R)(R)(R)(R) claim 1 , whereas M is boron claim 1 , and each of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Ris a 3 claim 1 ,4- or 3 claim 1 ,5-bis(fluoroalkyl)- ...

PRODUCTION OF OLEFINS FROM A METHANE CONVERSION PROCESS

Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes the further conversion of the acetylene to a hydrocarbon stream comprising C6 to C12 olefins. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream is treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon, and in particular olefins. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of contaminants in the hydrocarbon stream. 1. A method for producing olefins comprising:introducing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising methane into a supersonic reactor;pyrolyzing the methane in the supersonic reactor to form a reactor effluent stream comprising acetylene;passing the reactor effluent stream to a first hydrocarbon conversion zone to form a second process stream comprising a second hydrocarbon compound; andpassing the second process stream to a second hydrocarbon conversion zone to form a third process stream comprising C6 to C12 olefins.2. The method of wherein the first hydrocarbon conversion zone comprises a hydroprocessing zone claim 1 , and the second hydrocarbon conversion zone comprises an olefin conversion zone.3. The method of wherein the olefin conversion zone is a oligomerization zone.4. The method of wherein the oligomerization zone includes a catalyst comprising a Group VIIIB metal deposited on a silica-alumina support claim 3 , and wherein the silica-alumina support has a silicon to aluminum ratio of at least 20.5. The method of wherein the metal is nickel and the catalyst has a metal content between 0.5% and 10% by weight of the catalyst.6. The method of wherein the oligomerization zone includes a catalyst comprising an organometallic catalyst.7. The method of wherein the organometallic catalyst comprises Cr-PNP systems such as bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylamine Cr (III) chloride claim 6 , Cr-SNS systems such as bis(dithioether ...

CHROMIUM COMPLEX AND CATALYST THEREFROM

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound. 2. The catalyst system as in comprising a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound-chromium complex.3. The catalyst system of comprising an isolated phosphacycle-containing ligating compound-chromium complex.4. The catalyst system of comprising an in situ-formed phosphacycle-containing ligating compound-chromium complex.5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the source of chromium is selected from the group consisting of trichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)chromium claim 1 , chromium (III) acetylacetonate claim 1 , chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate claim 1 , and chromium (III) acetate.6. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the source of chromium and the ligating compound are contacted in proportions to provide Cr:ligating compound ratios from 1000:1 to 1:1000.7. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein at least one activator is selected from the group consisting of (hydrocarbyl)aluminum compounds claim 1 , (hydrocarbyl)gallium compounds claim 1 , (hydrocarbyl)boron compounds claim 1 , (hydrocarbyl)zinc compounds claim 1 , non-coordinating claim 1 , ion-forming compounds claim 1 , an organic salt claim 1 , an inorganic acid and salt.8. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the activator is an alkylaluminoxane.9. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the source of chromium and the aluminoxane are combined in proportions to provide chromium:activator molar ratios from 1:1 to 1:10 claim 1 ,000. The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a ...

TETRAMERISATION OF ETHYLENE

A process for the tetramerisation of ethylene includes contacting ethylene with a catalyst under ethylene oligomerisation conditions. The catalyst comprises a source of chromium, a ligating compound, and an activator. The ligating compound includes a phosphine that forms part of a cyclic structure. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and phosphorous.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ris a hydrocarbyl group claim 1 , an organoheteryl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ris an aromatic claim 1 , including a heteroaromatic claim 1 , group directly bonded to A.5. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ris an optionally substituted phenyl group.7. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein Rand Rare independently a hydrocarbyl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group.8. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein both Rand Rare aromatic claim 6 , including heteroaromatic claim 6 , groups directly bonded to P.9. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein both Rand Rare optionally substituted phenyl groups.10. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein Land Lare selected from the group comprising a covalent bond claim 6 , a heteroatom claim 6 , a substituted heteroatom claim 6 , —C(═O)— claim 6 , —CRR— claim 6 , where Rand Rare independently a hydrogen claim 6 , a hydrocarbyl group claim 6 , a heterohydrocarbyl group or an organoheteryl group.11. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein Land Lcan be selected from the group comprising a covalent bond claim 6 , —O— claim 6 , —S— claim 6 , —NR— claim 6 , —P(═O)R— claim 6 , —P(═Se)R— claim 6 , —P(═S)R— claim 6 , —SiRR— claim 6 , —CRR— claim 6 , —C(═O)— where Rand Rare independently a hydrogen claim 6 , a hydrocarbyl group claim 6 , a heterohydrocarbyl group or an organoheteryl group.12. The process as claimed in claim 6 , wherein Land Lare either a covalent bond or —O—.13. The process as claimed in ...

Catalyst and process for the co-dimerization of ethylene and propylene

Disclosed are novel catalyst solutions comprising an organic complex of nickel, an alkyl aluminum compound, a solvent, and a phosphine compound, that are useful for the preparation of butenes, pentenes and hexenes by the co-dimerization or cross-dimerization of ethylene and propylene. Also disclosed are processes for the dimerization of ethylene and propylene that utilize these catalyst solutions. The catalyst systems described herein demonstrate that, depending on the choice of phosphine compound used with the catalytically active nickel, it is indeed possible to lower the concentration of hexene olefins relative to butenes and pentenes, even in the presence of excess propylene. The selectivity to the linear or branched pentene product can also be controlled by the selection of the phosphine compound. The catalyst solutions may be used with mixtures of olefins.

Tetramerisation of Ethylene

A process for the tetramerisation of ethylene under solution phase conditions is carried out in the presence of an activated catalyst at a temperature above 80° C. and up to a temperature of about 115° C. The activated catalyst is provided by combining a source of chromium, a diphosphine ligating compound and optionally a catalyst activator or combination of catalyst activators. The process forms at least 30% 1-octene and a polyethylene co-product that, together with any other reaction products, remains substantially dissolved in the liquid phase. The polyethylene co-product has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of less than 200 000 g/mol, a number average molecular weight (Mn) of less than 3 000 g/mol, and a melt flow index of more than 20 g/10 minutes. 1. A continuous process for the tetramerisation of ethylene , the process including: i) a source of chromium;', [{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '3', '4, 'RRPXPRR'}, {'sup': 1', '2, 'wherein Pand Pare phosphorus atoms;'}, {'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'X is a linking group between Pand P, such that any heteroatom on the shortest connecting path between Pand Pis either bound to Por Por adjacent to an atom bound to Por P; and'}, {'sup': 1', '4, 'Rto Rare independently a hydrocarbyl group, an organoheteryl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group; and'}], 'ii) a ligating compound of the formula'}, 'iii) optionally a catalyst activator or combination of catalyst activators; and, 'providing an activated catalyst comprising i) a weight average molecular weight (Mw), as determined by gel permeation chromatography, of less than 200 000 g/mol;', 'ii) a number average molecular weight (Mn), as determined by gel permeation chromatography, of less than 3 000 g/mol; and', 'iii) a melt flow index, as determined by ASTM method D1238 at 190° C. and 21.6 kg, of more than 20 g/10 minutes., 'b) contacting ethylene to be tetramerised with the activated catalyst at a reaction temperature of from above 80° C. to ...

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FOR HYDROGEN GENERATION FROM FORMIC ACID

The invention relates to heterogeneous catalysts comprising an organo-ruthenium complex immobilized to an aluminum-modified inorganic oxide by a chemical bond between a tetra-coordinated aluminum atom on a surface of the aluminum-modified inorganic oxide and an amino or imino nitrogen of the organo-ruthenium complex, methods of preparing the heterogeneous catalysts including immobilizing the organo-ruthenium complex to a tetra-coordinated aluminum atom on a surface of an inorganic oxide by reacting an amino or imino nitrogen of the organo-ruthenium complex and an aluminum-modified inorganic oxide, followed by a defined heat treatment, as well as methods for producing hydrogen from formic acid using the heterogeneous catalysts. 1. A heterogeneous catalyst for decomposition of formic acid into hydrogen gas and COcomprising an organo-ruthenium complex comprising an amino or imino group , wherein a nitrogen atom of the amino or imino group is immobilized to a tetra-coordinated aluminum atom grafted to a surface of an inorganic oxide.2. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the heterogeneous catalyst has the formula (M-O—)(X)Al—[N(RR′R″)Ru] claim 1 , wherein M is a metal of an inorganic oxide support claim 1 ,X is a hydride or halide,each R and R′ are independently selected from a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group;R″ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, and heteroaryl group; andm is 1 or 2.3. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the inorganic oxide support is a porous material selected from the group consisting of silica claim 2 , alumina claim 2 , silica-alumina claim 2 , a metallic surface claim 2 , a Metal-organic framework (MOF) and a zeolite.4. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 2 , wherein the inorganic oxide support is a fibrous silica nanosphere.6. The heterogeneous catalyst of claim 5 , ...

Tetramerisation of Ethylene

A process for the tetramerisation of ethylene under solution phase conditions is carried out in the presence of an activated catalyst at a temperature above 80° C. and up to a temperature of about 130° C. The activated catalyst is provided by combining a source of chromium, a ligating compound, which ligating compound includes at least one fluorine substituted hydrocarbyl group, organoheteryl group, or heterohydrocarbyl group, and optionally a catalyst activator or combination of catalyst activators. 1. A process for the tetramerisation of ethylene , the process including: i) a source of chromium;', {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '3', '4, 'RRPXPRR'}, 'ii) a ligating compound of the formula'}, {'sup': 1', '2, 'wherein Pand Pare phosphorus atoms;'}, {'sup': 1', '2, 'X is a linking group between Pand P; and'}, {'sup': 1', '4', '1', '2, 'Rto Rare independently a hydrocarbyl group, an organoheteryl group or a heterohydrocarbyl group, wherein at least one of R, R,'}, {'sup': 3', '4, 'R, and Rcontains a fluorine substituent; and'}, 'iii) optionally a catalyst activator or combination of catalyst activators; and, '(a) providing an activated catalyst comprising(b) contacting ethylene to be tetramerised with the activated catalyst at a reaction temperature of from above 80° C. to about 130° C.2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the ethylene is contacted with the activated catalyst at a reaction temperature of from above 85° C. to about 120° C.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the ethylene is contacted with the activated catalyst at a reaction temperature of from above 90° C. to about 110° C.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of Rto Ris an aromatic moiety or a heteroaromatic moiety directly bonded to Por P.5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein Rto Rare all aromatic or heteroaromatic moieties directly bonded to Por P.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein Rto Rare optionally substituted phenyl groups.7. A process ...

METHOD OF TREATING A HYDROCARBON STREAM

A method of treating a hydrocarbon stream includes: withdrawing an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons and polymer from a reactor; contacting the effluent stream with a coolant stream; passing the effluent stream through a heat exchanger; wherein after passing the effluent stream through the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is substantially free of polymer deposits. 1. A method of treating a hydrocarbon stream , comprising:withdrawing an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons and polymer from a reactor;contacting the effluent stream with a coolant stream;passing the effluent stream through a heat exchanger;wherein after passing the effluent stream through the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is substantially free of polymer deposits.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of the effluent stream is a product of an ethylene oligomerization process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the effluent stream is greater than or equal to 45° C. prior to contacting the coolant stream.4. The method claim 1 , wherein the effluent stream comprises ethane claim 1 , methane claim 1 , ethylene claim 1 , butene claim 1 , hexene claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , octene claim 1 , decene claim 1 , catalyst particles claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effluent stream comprises greater than or equal to 1 parts per million polymer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effluent stream comprises 0% to 5% hexene.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effluent stream comprises 0 to 50 parts per million active catalyst particles.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of the coolant stream is a product of an ethylene oligomerization process and/or a product of a battery limit process.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the source of the effluent stream and the coolant stream is a product of the same process.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coolant stream comprises a liquid.11. The ...

INLINE PROCESS TO MAKE ANTIFOULING AGENT CO-CATALYST FOR ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION

A process for selectively producing 1-butene comprises combining at least one antifouling agent and at least one aluminum alkyl compound to form an antifouling feed stream, wherein bringing the antifouling agent into contact with the aluminum alkyl compound forms at least one antifouling agent co-catalyst in a first step. The antifouling agent co-catalyst may comprise a structure comprising a central aluminum molecule bound to an R1 group, an R2 group, and an R3 group. The process further comprises feeding the antifouling feed stream, a catalyst comprising at least one titanate compound, and ethylene into a reactor dimerize ethylene in a second step. The catalyst is ted as a stream separated from the antifouling feed stream. The feeds may be varied in real-time to adjust a ratio of the formed antifouling agent co-catalyst and residual aluminum alkyl compound or antifouling agent in the antifouling feed stream. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one aluminum alkyl compound provided in step 1 to form the antifouling feed stream to the at least one titanate compound provided in Step 2 is equal to or greater than 1.5 and equal to or lower than 3.0.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the inline mixer is configured to allow ratios of antifouling agent to aluminum alkyl compound provided to the inline mixer from 0:1 to 1:0.5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the molar ratio of the at least one antifouling agent and the at least one aluminum alkyl compound is equal to or greater than 0.01 and equal to or lesser than 0.18.6. The process of claim 3 , wherein a level of antifouling agent co-catalyst introduced into the reactor is reduced during reaction start claim 3 , up to avoided passivation of the reactor by reducing the ratio of antifouling agent to aluminum alkyl compound provided to the inline mixer thereby generating less antifouling agent co-catalyst while maintaining flow of the aluminum alkyl compound to the reactor.7. The process of ...

Carbonyl-Containing Perfluorohydrocarbyl-N2-Phosphinyl Amidine Compounds, Chromium Salt Complexes and Their Use to Oligomerize Ethylene

A composition comprising a perfluoro-N 2 -phosphinylamidine chromium salt complex having Structure PFAHNPACr I: wherein R f1 is a substituted phenyl group comprising alkyl groups at the 2 and 6 positions and at least one fluoro group or perfluoroalkyl group at the 3, 4, and/or 5 positions, R 2 is a C 1 to C 30 organyl group, R 4 and R 5 are each independently a C 1 to C 30 organyl group, and CrX p is a chromium salt where X is a monoanion, and p is an integer from 2 to 6.

Oligomerization Reactions Using Aluminoxanes

Disclosed are processes for oligomerizing ethylene by contacting a catalyst system, ethylene, and optionally hydrogen to form an oligomer product in a reaction zone, wherein the catalyst system comprises: a chromium component comprising an N-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex, an N-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex, and/or an N-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex, and an aluminoxane; wherein the aluminoxane is characterized by 400 MHz proton NMR in which: (a) the ratio of peaks found in the range of −0.86 ppm to −0.74 ppm to peaks found in a range of −0.03 ppm to 0.07 ppm is less than or equal to 2.8:1; (b) the ratio of peaks found in the range of −0.03 ppm to 0.025 ppm to peaks found in a range of 0.025 ppm to 0.07 ppm is less than or equal to 15:1; and/or (c) the ratio of peaks found in a range of −0.86 ppm to −0.78 ppm to peaks found in the range of −0.78 ppm to −0.74 ppm is less than or equal to 6.5:1. 1. A process comprising: contacting a catalyst system , ethylene , and optionally hydrogen to form an oligomer product in a reaction zone , wherein the catalyst system comprises: a chromium component comprising an N-phosphinyl amidine chromium compound complex , an N-phosphinyl formamidine chromium compound complex , an N-phosphinyl guanidine chromium compound complex , or any combination thereof , and a modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO); wherein the MMAO is characterized by 400 MHz proton NMR in which: (a) a ratio of peak areas in a range of −0.86 ppm to −0.74 ppm to peak areas in a range of −0.03 ppm to 0.07 ppm is less than or equal to 2.8:1; (b) a ratio of peak areas found in a range of −0.03 ppm to 0.025 ppm to peak areas found in a range of 0.025 ppm to 0.07 ppm is less than or equal to 15:1; (c) a ratio of peak areas found in a range of −0.86 ppm to −0.78 ppm to peak areas found in the range −0.78 ppm to −0.74 ppm is less than or equal to 6.5:1; or (d) any combination thereof.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the MMAO ...

Catalyst systems

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C2-C30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C1-C30) hydrocarbyl; L1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C6-C20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C6-C20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C1-C20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more quaternary salts.

Catalyst systems

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C2-C30) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C1-C30) hydrocarbyl; L1 is a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C6-C20)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C6-C20)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C1-C20)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more chlorinated hydrocarbons, chloro-aluminum alkyls, or combinations of these.

CATALYST SYSTEMS

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst having a structure according to Formula (VI) or Formula (VII). In Formulas (VI) and (VII), X is a halogen, a (C-C) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C-C) hydrocarbyl; Lis a neutral coordinating ligand; n is an integer from 0 to 6; Y is a (C-C)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C-C)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C-C)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand. The catalyst system may also include an aluminum containing agent which includes a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more polyether alcohols or one or more non-polymeric ethers. 1. A catalyst system suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene , the catalyst system comprising: {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '1', 'n', '4', '2', '1', 'n', '2, 'sup': +', '−', '+', '−, '[(L∩L)CrX(L)][BY]or [(L∩L)CrX(L)][SOY]'}, 'a catalyst having the structure [{'sub': 2', '30', '1', '30, 'X is a halogen, a (C-C) carboxylate, acetylacetonate, or a (C-C) hydrocarbyl;'}, {'sub': '1', 'Lis a neutral coordinating ligand;'}, 'n is an integer from 0 to 6;', {'sub': 6', '20', '6', '20', '1', '20, 'Y is a (C-C)fluorine-substituted aryl, a (C-C)fluorine-substituted aryloxy, or a (C-C)fluorine-substituted alkoxy; and'}, {'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2', '1', '2, '(R)(R)P-Z-P(R)(R)'}, 'L∩L is a bidentate chelating ligand having the structure], 'wherein [{'sub': 1', '2', '1', '50', '6', '50, 'each Rand Ris independently chosen from a (C-C) alkyl group or a (C-C) aryl group; and'}, {'sub': 2', '50', '6', '50', '7, 'Z is a (C-C) alkylene group, a (C-C) arylene group, —N(R)—,'}, {'sub': 7', '7', '7', '2', '7', '1', '50', '6', '50, '—P(R)—, —B(R)—, or —Si(R)— that links the two P atoms, where Ris a (C-C) alkyl group or a (C-C) aryl group; and'}], 'whereinAt least one aluminum containing agent comprising a reaction product of an organoaluminum ...

CATALYST SYSTEMS

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst including a reaction product of a chromium compound and a ligand having the structure according to Formula (II). In Formula (II), A and C may be independently chosen from phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and nitrogen; B may be a linking group between A and C; and R, R, R, and Rmay be independently chosen from a (C-C) hydrocarbyl or a (C-C) heterohydrocarbyl. The catalyst system may include a co-catalyst including a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound. The antifouling compound may include one or more quaternary salts; one or more organic acids, organic acid salts, esters, anhydrides, or combinations of these; one or more chlorinated hydrocarbons, chloro-aluminum alkyls, or combinations of these; one or more polyether alcohols; or one or more non-polymeric ethers. 1. A catalyst system suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene , the catalyst system comprising: [{'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4, '(R)(R)A-B-C(R)(R)'}, A and C are independently chosen from phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and nitrogen;', 'B is a linking group between A and C;', {'sub': 1', '2', '3', '4', '1', '50', '1', '50, 'R, R, R, and Rare independently chosen from a (C-C) hydrocarbyl or a (C-C) heterohydrocarbyl; and'}], 'wherein], 'a catalyst comprising a reaction product of a chromium compound and a ligand having the structure one or more quaternary salts;', 'one or more organic acids, organic acid salts, esters, anhydrides, or combinations of these;', 'one or more chlorinated hydrocarbons, chloro-aluminum alkyls, or combinations of these;', 'one or more polyether alcohols; or', 'one or more non-polymeric ethers., 'a co-catalyst comprising a reaction product of an organoaluminum compound and an antifouling compound, wherein the antifouling compound comprises2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the antifouling compound comprises one ...

LIGAND BASED CHROMIUM CATALYST AND APPLICATION IN CATALYZING ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION

A ligand based chromium catalyst and application in catalyzing ethylene oligomerization are disclosed. The chromium catalyst is formed by a chromium compound and an organic ligand containing P and/or N. The substituents on N and P of the ligand can be replaced, whereby selective ethylene trimerization and tetramerization can be realized so as to produce 1-hexene and 1-octene at the same time. 2. The chromium catalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the chromium catalyst is formed by a chromium compound and an organic ligand containing P and/or N.3. The chromium catalyst according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5, 'sub': 1', '10, 'wherein the R, R, R, R, and Rgroups, when being connected with nitrogen atom, are respectively one selected from a group consisting of H, C-Clinear or branched alkyl, heteroalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, allyl, and substituted phenyl; and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4', '5, 'sub': 1', '10, 'wherein the R, R, R, R, and Rgroups, when being connected with phosphorus atom, are respectively one selected from a group consisting of C-Clinear or branched alkyl, substituted aryl, and derivatives thereof.'}4. The chromium catalyst according to claim 3 , wherein the R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , R claim 3 , and Rgroups claim 3 , when being connected with nitrogen atom claim 3 , are respectively one selected from a group consisting of H claim 3 , methyl claim 3 , ethyl claim 3 , propyl claim 3 , isopropyl claim 3 , butyl claim 3 , isobutyl claim 3 , tert-butyl claim 3 , pentyl claim 3 , cyclobutyl claim 3 , cyclopentyl claim 3 , cyclohexyl claim 3 , 2-methylcyclohexyl claim 3 , 2 claim 3 ,6-dimethylcyclohexyl claim 3 , adamantly claim 3 , vinyl claim 3 , allyl claim 3 , phenyl claim 3 , naphthyl claim 3 , 2-methylphenyl claim 3 , 2 claim 3 ,4-6-trimethylphenyl claim 3 , 3 claim 3 ,5-dimethylphenyl claim 3 , 3 claim 3 ,5-dimethoxyphenyl claim 3 , 3 claim 3 ,5-di-tert-butylphenyl claim 3 , 2-thienyl claim 3 , 2-furanyl claim 3 , 2-pyridyl claim 3 ...

CONJUGATED POLYMER AND PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELL INCLUDING SAME

The present disclosure relates to a conjugated polymer and a perovskite solar cell including the same, more particularly to a conjugated polymer capable of improving moisture stability and thermal stability. When the conjugated polymer according to the present disclosure is used in an organic electronic device, superior efficiency can be maintained for a long period of time. 2. The method for preparing a conjugated polymer according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the step 1) claim 1 , the compound represented by Chemical Formula a and the compound represented by Chemical Formula b are mixed at a molar ratio of 1:1.3. The method for preparing a conjugated polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is any one or more selected from a group consisting of toluene claim 1 , benzene claim 1 , hexane claim 1 , naphthalene claim 1 , ethylbenzene claim 1 , chlorobenzene claim 1 , dichlorobenzene claim 1 , dichloromethane claim 1 , trichloromethane claim 1 , tetrachloromethane claim 1 , cyclohexane and carbon tetrachloride.4. The method for preparing a conjugated polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the complex catalyst is any one or more selected from a group consisting of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd(dba)) claim 1 , bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium(0) (Pd(dba)) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (Pd(PPh)).5. The method for preparing a conjugated polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the cocatalyst is any one or more selected from a group consisting of tri(o-tolyl)phosphine (P(o-tolyl)) claim 1 , triphenylphosphine (PPh) and tricyclohexylphosphine tetrafluoroborate (PCyHBF). This application claims, under 35 U.S.C. § 119, the priority of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0134733 filed on Oct. 28, 2019 in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.The present disclosure relates to a conjugated polymer and a perovskite solar cell including the same, more ...

METHOD FOR PROCESSING AN OLIGOMERIZATION PRODUCT STREAM

A method for processing an oligomerization product stream includes discharging the oligomerization product stream from an oligomerization reactor through a product outlet line, and heating the oligomerization product stream, heating a wall of the product outlet line, or both. The oligomerization product stream includes solvent, linear alpha olefins, a polymer byproduct, or a combination of at least one of the foregoing. The heating is to a temperature that is greater than the melting temperature of the polymer byproduct present in the oligomerization product stream. 1. A method for processing an oligomerization product stream , the method comprising:discharging the oligomerization product stream from an oligomerization reactor through a product outlet line, wherein the oligomerization product stream comprises solvent, linear alpha olefins, a polymer byproduct, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing; andheating the oligomerization product stream, heating a wall of the product outlet line, or both, to a temperature greater than the melting temperature of the polymer byproduct.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the product outlet line has a first portion and a second portion claim 1 , wherein the first portion is configured to receive the oligomerization product stream from the oligomerization reactor claim 1 , the second portion is configured to provide the oligomerization product stream to a separation system claim 1 , the first and the second portions each independently have a predetermined length claim 1 , and the first and second portions are connected by a control valve.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the oligomerization product stream with a deactivation medium claim 1 , wherein the contacting occurs at a minimum distance from the oligomerization reactor outlet.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the second portion of the product outlet line has a minimum length.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heating comprises ...

Catalyst Systems and Ethylene Oligomerization Method

A catalyst system comprising i) a 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl] cyclic imine transition metal compound complex and ii) an organoaluminum compound. A process comprising contacting i) ethylene, ii) a catalyst system comprising (a) a 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl] cyclic imine transition metal compound complex, and (b) an organoaluminum compound, and iii) optionally hydrogen to form an oligomer product. 2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 'm', 'L is —(CH2)— where m is 1, 2, or 3,'}{'sup': 11', '12', '13', '14, 'sub': 1', '10, 'Ris a Cto Calkyl group and R, R, and Rare hydrogen.'}3. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein Ris hydrogen.4. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal compound comprises a chromium(III) carboxylate claim 1 , a chromium(III) β-diketonate claim 1 , or a chromium(III) halide.5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the organoaluminum compound comprises an aluminoxane.6. The catalyst system of claim 5 , wherein the aluminoxane comprises methylaluminoxane claim 5 , modified methylaluminoxane claim 5 , ethylaluminoxane claim 5 , n-propylaluminoxane claim 5 , iso-propylaluminoxane claim 5 , n-butylaluminoxane claim 5 , sec-butylaluminoxane claim 5 , iso-butylaluminoxane claim 5 , t-butyl aluminoxane claim 5 , 1-pentyl-aluminoxane claim 5 , 2-pentylaluminoxane claim 5 , 3-pentylaluminoxane claim 5 , iso-pentylaluminoxane claim 5 , neopentylaluminoxane claim 5 , or mixtures thereof.7. The catalyst system of claim 5 , wherein the aluminoxane comprises modified methylaluminoxane.8. The catalyst system of claim 5 , wherein an aluminum of the aluminoxane to transition metal of the 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl] cyclic imine transition metal compound complex molar ratio is in the range of from 10:1 to 5 claim 5 ,000:1.9. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein:{'sup': 1', '2, 'sub': 1', '20, 'Rand Rare each independently a Cto Corganyl group consisting essentially of inert functional groups,'}{'sup': '3', 'Ris hydrogen,'}{'sub': 2', 'm, 'L ...

Ethylene selective oligomerization catalyst systems and method for ethylene oligomerization using the same

The disclosure provides a catalyst system and a method for ethylene oligomerization using this. The catalyst system contains: ligand a, containing carbene groups of imidazole ring type; transition metal compound b, that is one of IVB˜VIII group metal compounds; activator c, that is a compound containing III A group metals; the ligand a contains at least one group as shown in general formula I: 2. The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the first heteroatom is selected from silicon claim 1 , tin claim 1 , boron claim 1 , phosphorus claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , oxygen or sulfur.3. The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the main chain of the bridging group A includes —(CH)— (1≤n≤8); phenyl; biphenyl; naphthyl; anthryl or —(CH)—SiR′R″—(CH)(0≤n≤3 claim 1 , 0≤m≤3) claim 1 , in which R′ and R″ are each independently methyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , cyclohexanyl claim 1 , cyclopentyl claim 1 , phenyl claim 1 , naphthyl or 2 claim 1 ,6-diisopropylphenyl respectively.4. The catalyst system according to claim 2 , wherein the main chain of the bridging group A includes —(CH)— (1≤n≤8); phenyl; biphenyl; napthyl; anthryl or —(CH)—SiR′R″—(CH)(0≤n≤3 claim 2 , 0≤m≤3) claim 2 , in which R′ and R″ are each independently methyl claim 2 , isopropyl claim 2 , cyclohexanyl claim 2 , cyclopentyl claim 2 , phenyl claim 2 , naphthyl or 2 claim 2 ,6-diisopropyl phenyl claim 2 , respectively.5. The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein the second heteroatom is selected from phosphorous claim 1 , nitrogen claim 1 , sulfur or oxygen.6. The catalyst system according to claim 1 , wherein E in general formula I contains alkyl phosphino claim 1 , aryl phosphino claim 1 , alkyl aryl phosphino claim 1 , alkyl amino claim 1 , aryl amino claim 1 , mercapto claim 1 , and preferably diisopropyl phosphino claim 1 , dicyclohexyl phosphino claim 1 , dimethyl phosphino claim 1 , diethyl phosphino claim 1 , diphenyl phosphino claim 1 , di-o-methylbenzene phosphino claim 1 , ...

PROCESS FOR OLIGOMERIZATION

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound. 2. The process of wherein the olefin comprises ethylene and the product comprises a mixture of 1-octene and 1-hexene in a weight fraction ranging from 85 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight of total product formed.3. The process of wherein the catalyst system is prepared by combining a) the source of chromium claim 1 , b) one or more activators claim 1 , and c) at least one phosphacycle-containing ligating compound together in any order.4. The process of comprising contacting a feed stream with the catalyst system wherein the feed stream comprises the olefin.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the source of chromium is selected from the group consisting of trichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)chromium claim 1 , chromium (III) acetylacetonate claim 1 , chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate claim 1 , and chromium (III) acetate.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the source of chromium and the ligating compound are contacted in proportions to provide Cr:ligating compound ratios from 1000:1 to 1:1000.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst system further includes an activator selected from the group consisting of (hydrocarbyl)aluminum compounds claim 1 , (hydrocarbyl)gallium compounds claim 1 , (hydrocarbyl)boron compounds claim 1 , (hydrocarbyl)zinc compounds claim 1 , non-coordinating claim 1 , ion-forming compounds claim 1 , an organic salt claim 1 , an inorganic acid and salt.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the activator is an alkylaluminoxane.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the source of chromium and the aluminoxane are combined in proportions to provide chromium: ...

PARTICULATE COMPOSITIONS HAVING LOW FINES CONTENT

Particulate compositions, especially particulate compositions which are designed to be processed or transferred, are provided. The particulate compositions contain parent particles and composite particles, the composite particles being composed of a binder and fine parent particles. The particulate compositions have a low proportion of free fine parent particles and provide advantages where processing or transferring of the particulate compositions is practiced. 2. A particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the second fraction of parent particles has a maximum particle size which is less than 50% of the volume average particle size of the first fraction of parent particles.3. A particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the volume average particle size of the composite particles is between about 5 micron and about 500 micron claim 1 , or between about 5 micron and about 200 micron claim 1 , or between about 5 micron and about 100 micron or between 5 micron and about 50 micron.4. A particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the particulate composition comprises less than about 5% by weight of free parent particles having a volume average particle size of less than 5 micron based on the total weight of the parent particles.5. A particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composite particles comprise at least a portion of the second fraction of parent particles associated with an external surface of binder particles.6. A particulate composition according to claim 1 , wherein the parent particles are selected from the group consisting of inorganic oxides claim 1 , including metal and non-metal oxides claim 1 , metals claim 1 , metal halides claim 1 , carbon claim 1 , and polymers.7. A particulate composition according to claim 6 , wherein the inorganic oxide parent particles are selected from Groups 2 claim 6 , 4 claim 6 , 13 claim 6 , and 14 metal oxides claim 6 , such as silica claim 6 , alumina claim 6 , magnesia ...

Separation of components from a multi-component hydrocarbon stream

A process ( 10 ) to separate a multi-component hydrocarbon stream ( 26 ) comprising ethylene, at least one polymer and other components includes flashing the multi-component hydrocarbon stream in a first flash stage ( 12 ) from an elevated pressure of more than 30 bar(a) and an elevated temperature in the range of 150° C. to 185° C. to a flash pressure in the range of 10 bar(a) to 30 bar(a), producing a first ethylene-containing vapour overheads product ( 28 ) at a pressure in the range of 10 bar(a) to 30 bar(a) and a first flash stage bottoms product ( 30.1 ) which includes some ethylene, the at least one polymer and some of the other components. The flash pressure and the elevated temperature of the multi-component hydrocarbon stream ( 26 ) are selected such that the first flash stage bottoms product ( 30.1 ) has a concentration of the at least one polymer of less than 5% by mass to render the viscosity of the first flash stage bottoms product ( 30.1 ) at the temperature of the first flash stage bottoms product ( 30.1 ) in the first flash stage ( 12 ) at less than 1000 cP at a shear of 1 per second. At least a portion of the first flash stage bottoms product ( 30.1 ) is heated to a temperature in excess of 150° C. to form a heated first flash stage bottoms product ( 30.2 ). A recycle portion ( 30.3 ) of the heated first flash stage bottoms product ( 30.2 ) is combined with the multi-component hydrocarbon stream ( 26 ), which is at a temperature less than 150° C. before combination with the recycle portion ( 30.3 ), thereby to heat the multi-component hydrocarbon stream ( 26 ) to the elevated temperature in the range of 150° C. to 185° C. At least a portion ( 32 ) of the first flash stage bottoms product and the first ethylene-containing vapour overheads product ( 28 ) are withdrawn from the first flash stage ( 12 ).

CATALYST SYSTEM FOR OLEFIN OLIGOMERIZATION AND METHOD FOR OLEFIN OLIGOMERIZATION USING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a catalyst system for olefin oligomerization and a method for olefin oligomerization, and more specifically, a catalyst system for olefin oligomerization and a method for olefin oligomerization that have more improved supporting efficiency due to a ligand compound capable of functioning as a tether to a support, and thus, exhibit high activity in the olefin oligomerization even with smaller amounts of catalyst composition and cocatalyst, thus enabling more efficient preparation of alpha-olefins. 2. The catalyst system for olefin oligomerization according to claim 1 , wherein the unshared electron pair belonging to one or more diphosphino moieties among the two or more disphosphino moieties included in the ligand compound claim 1 , is coordinated to the chromium atom.3. The catalyst system for olefin oligomerization according to claim 1 , wherein among the two or more disphosphino moieties included in the ligand compound claim 1 , one or more diphosphino moieties are tethered to the support.4. The catalyst system for olefin oligomerization according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the mole number of the chromium atom to the mole number of the ligand compound is 1 or less.6. The catalyst system for olefin oligomerization according to claim 1 , wherein L is a linker with a carbon number of the shortest distance connecting the diphosphino moieties of 4 to 10 claim 1 , and is a C2-20 aliphatic linking group claim 1 , a C3-20 cycloaliphatic linking group claim 1 , or a C6-20 aromatic linking group.7. The catalyst system for olefin oligomerization according to claim 1 , wherein the chromium source is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of chromium(III) acetylacetonate claim 1 , chromium(III) chloride tetrahydrofurane claim 1 , chromium(III) 2-ethylhexanoate claim 1 , chromium(III) acetate claim 1 , chromium(III) butyrate claim 1 , chromium(III) pentanoate claim 1 , chromium(III) laurate claim 1 , chromium(III) tris(2 ...

Catalyst composition and process for oligomerization of ethylene

A catalyst composition including: (a) a chromium compound; (b) a ligand of the general structure R 1 R 2 P—N(R 3 )—P(R 4 )—NR 5 R 6 or  (A) R 1 R 2 P—N(R 3 )—P(XR 7 )R 8 or R 1 R 2 P—N(R 3 )—P(XR 7 ) 2 , with X=O or S,  (B) wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently C 1 -C 10 -alkyl, C 6 -C 20 -aryl, C 3 -C 10 -cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, or trialkylsilyl, or any cyclic derivatives of (A) and (B), wherein at least one of the P or N atoms of the PNPN-unit or PNP-unit is a member of the ring system, the ring system being formed from one or more constituent compounds of structures (A) or (B) by substitution; and (c) an activator or co-catalyst; and a process for tri- and/or tetramerization.

Methods of Producing Linear Alpha Olefins

A method of producing linear alpha olefins includes: preparing a solution A, comprising: introducing an organometallic compound and an organic ligand to a first vessel, wherein the first vessel is in fluid communication with a Schlenk line; and introducing a solvent to the first vessel via the Schlenk line; preparing a solution B separately from solution A, comprising: introducing an ammonium salt to a second vessel, wherein the second vessel is in fluid communication with a Schlenk line; and introducing an organoaluminum compound and a solvent to the second vessel via the Schlenk line; producing the linear alpha olefins by introducing solution A and solution B to an ethylene oligomerization reactor. 1. A method of producing linear alpha olefins , comprising: introducing an organometallic compound and an organic ligand to a first vessel,', 'wherein the first vessel is in fluid communication with a Schlenk line; and', 'introducing a solvent to the first vessel via the Schlenk line;, 'preparing a solution A, comprising introducing an ammonium salt to a second vessel, wherein the second vessel is in fluid communication with a Schlenk line; and', 'introducing an organoaluminum compound and a solvent to the second vessel via the Schlenk line;, 'preparing a solution B separately from solution A, comprisingproducing the linear alpha olefins by introducing solution A and solution B to an ethylene oligomerization reactor.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising drying the first vessel and/or the second vessel prior to preparing solution A and/or solution B claim 1 , preferably claim 1 , wherein the drying occurs in an oven at a temperature greater than or equal to 50° C.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising purging the first vessel and/or the second vessel with an inert gas claim 1 , preferably claim 1 , wherein the inert gas is nitrogen.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the purging occurs while the first vessel and/or the second vessel cools from a temperature ...

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS AND USES THEREOF

Catalytic processes employing rhodium complexes are disclosed, wherein the catalytic processes involve an initial step of activation of a C—H bond present within a hydrocarbon substrate. In contrast to prior art techniques, the catalytic processes of the invention can be conducted at low temperatures, and the catalytic compounds are themselves highly recyclable. Also disclosed are the rhodium complexes themselves and processes of making them. 2. The catalytic process of claim 1 , wherein each X is independently a ligand that is weakly coordinated to Rh via one or more bond claim 1 , wherein the total energy of coordination of Rh to each X is <130 KJ mol.35-. (canceled)6. The catalytic process of claim 1 , wherein Bd is a bis-phosphine bidentate ligand.8. (canceled)9. The catalytic process of claim 7 , wherein R claim 7 , R′ claim 7 , Rand R′ are cyclohexyl.1013-. (canceled)14. The catalytic process of wherein the two P atoms are linked by a linking group selected from (1-5C)alkylene claim 6 , (2-5C)alkenylene and (2-5C)alkynylene claim 6 , any of which may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halo claim 6 , oxo claim 6 , hydroxyl claim 6 , (1-4C)alkyl claim 6 , (2-4C)alkenyl claim 6 , (2-4C)alkynyl and (1-4C)alkoxy.15. (canceled)16. The catalytic process of claim 14 , wherein the two P atoms are linked by a methylene claim 14 , ethylene claim 14 , propylene claim 14 , butylene or pentylene linking group.1718-. (canceled)19. The catalytic process of claim 1 , wherein each X is hydrogen claim 1 , an alkane claim 1 , an alkene or dinitrogen.2024-. (canceled)25. The catalytic process of claim 1 , wherein n is 1 and X is norbornane or n is 2 and each X is ethene.26. The catalytic process of any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein Q is B claim 1 , Al or In.27. (canceled)28. The catalytic process of claim 1 , wherein each Ar is either i) a phenyl group substituted at the 3- claim 1 , 4- and/or 5-position with one or more substituents selected ...

Antifouling oligomerization catalyst systems

A catalyst system that may reduce polymeric fouling may include at least one titanate compound, at least one aluminum compound, and an antifouling agent. The antifouling agent may be chosen from one or more of a phosphonium or phosphonium salt; a sulfonate or a sulfonate salt; a sulfonium or sulfonium salt; an ester including a cyclic moiety; an anhydride; a polyether; and a long-chained amine-capped compound. The catalyst system may further include a non-polymeric ether compound.

METAL COMPLEX INCLUDING TRIDENTATE AMINODICARBENE LIGAND AND HYDROGENATION REDUCTION METHOD USING SAME

The use of a metal complex containing a ruthenium ion or an osmium ion, and a tridentate aminodicarbene ligand, the tridentate aminodicarbene ligand having one secondary amino group and two specific heterocyclic carbene groups sandwiching the amino group, enables hydrogenation reduction of carbonyl compounds, such as ketones, carboxylic acid esters, lactones, carboxylic acid amides, and lactams, and imine compounds under relatively mild conditions to produce corresponding alcohols, amines, and the like in a high yield with high catalytic efficiency. The metal complex is obtained by a method comprising steps of reacting a specific metal compound with a specific aminodicarbene precursor and subsequently reacting a specific compound. Reduction of a carbonyl compound or an imine compound in the presence of this metal complex using a hydrogen donor makes it possible to reduce the carbonyl compound or imine compound by hydrogenation. 2. The metal complex according to claim 1 , wherein Rto Rare identical or different and each independently represents hydrogen claim 1 , halogen claim 1 , optionally substituted alkyl claim 1 , optionally substituted cycloalkyl claim 1 , optionally substituted aryl claim 1 , optionally substituted heterocyclic claim 1 , optionally substituted alkoxy claim 1 , or optionally substituted aryloxy claim 1 , or{'sup': 1', '2', '2', '3, 'Rand R, and/or Rand R, taken together, form optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, or optionally substituted oxyalkylene; and'}{'sup': 4', '8, 'Rto Rare identical or different and each independently represents hydrogen, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclic, optionally substituted alkoxy, or optionally substituted aryloxy, or'}{'sup': 5', '6', '7', '8, 'Rand R, and/or Rand R, taken together, form optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, or optionally substituted ...

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A SATURATED ALCOHOL

The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a saturated primary alcohol from an unsaturated aliphatic ester comprising the steps of: a) Providing an aliphatic ester having at least one carbon-carbon double bond; b) Carrying out a metathesis of said ester in the presence of a ruthenium carbene-based catalyst thereby obtaining a first reaction mixture; c) Adding a ligand and a base to the first reaction mixture, wherein the ligand comprises at least one donor atom chosen from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom and a phosphorus atom thereby obtaining a second reaction mixture comprising an ester product resulting from the metathesis reaction; d) Carrying out a homogeneous hydrogenation of the ester-product resulting from the metathesis, thereby obtaining a saturated primary alcohol. Further, the present invention relates to a catalyst for the hydrogenation of esters and to a process for the hydrogenation of esters using said catalyst. 1. Process for the manufacture of a saturated primary alcohol from an unsaturated aliphatic ester comprising the steps of:a) Providing an aliphatic ester having at least one carbon-carbon double bond;b) Carrying out a metathesis of said ester in the presence of a ruthenium carbene-based catalyst thereby obtaining a first reaction mixture;c) Adding a ligand and a base to the first reaction mixture, wherein the ligand comprises at least one donor atom chosen from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom and a phosphorus atom thereby obtaining a second reaction mixture comprising an ester product resulting from the metathesis reaction;d) Carrying out a homogeneous hydrogenation of the ester-product resulting from the metathesis, thereby obtaining a saturated primary alcohol.2. Process according to claim 1 , wherein a second compound having at least one carbon-carbon double bond is provided in step a) together with the aliphatic ester having at least one carbon-carbon double bond.3. Process according to claim 1 , ...

METALATED LIGAND, CATALYST COMPOSITION, AND USE THEREOF IN THE OLIGOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE

A process for oligomerization of ethylene, comprising subjecting a catalyst composition to a gas phase of ethylene and conducting an oligomerization, wherein the catalyst composition comprises (a) a chromium compound, (b) a metalated ligand, and (c) an activator or cocatalyst; and catalyst composition as well as a metalated ligand. 2. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , further comprising an ammonium or phosphonium salt of the formula [HE]X claim 1 , [HER]X claim 1 , [HER]X claim 1 , [HER]X claim 1 , or [ER]X wherein E is N or P claim 1 , X is Cl claim 1 , Br or I claim 1 , and each R is independently C-C-alkyl claim 1 , C-C-cycloalkyl claim 1 , C-C-acyl claim 1 , C-C-aryl claim 1 , C-C-alkenyl claim 1 , or C-C-alkynyl.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oligomerization is carried out a pressure of 1 to 200 bar.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oligomerization is carried out at a temperature of from 10 to 200° C.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mean residence time is from 20 minutes to 20 hours.7. The catalyst composition according to claim 6 , wherein the chromium compound is selected from organic or inorganic salts claim 6 , coordination complexes claim 6 , organometallic complexes of Cr(II) or Cr(III) claim 6 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.8. The catalyst composition according to claim 6 , wherein the chromium compound is CrCl(THF) claim 6 , Cr(III)acetyl acetonate claim 6 , Cr(III)octanoate claim 6 , chromium hexacarbonyl claim 6 , Cr(III)-2-ethyl-hexanoate and (benzene)tricarbonyl-chromium claim 6 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.9. The catalyst composition according to claim 6 , wherein the activator or co-catalyst is selected from trimethyl aluminum claim 6 , triethyl aluminum claim 6 , triisopropyl aluminum claim 6 , triisobutyl aluminum claim 6 , ethyl aluminum sesquichloride claim 6 , diethyl aluminum chloride claim 6 , ethyl aluminum dichloride claim 6 ...

CATALYST SYSTEMS

Catalyst systems suitable for tetramerizing ethylene to form 1-octene may include a catalyst including a chromium compound coordinated with a ligand and a co-catalyst including an organoaluminum compound. The ligand may have a chemical structure: (R)(R)A-X—C(R)(R). A and C may be phosphorus. X may be B(R), Si(R), N(R), wherein Ris an aryl group substituted with a halogen, halogenated alkyl or a silyl group, and wherein B, or N, or Si is bound to A and C. R, R, R, and Rmay be independently chosen hydrocarbyl groups or heterohydrocarbyl groups. 2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein one or more of R claim 1 , R claim 1 , Rand Rare substituted or unsubstituted aryl moieties.4. The catalyst system of claim 3 , wherein one or more of Rand Rare groups represented formulaically as CFor as SiZ claim 3 , where each Z is independently chosen from a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group.5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises the ligand in an amount such that a molar ratio of the ligand to chromium is from 0.1 to 10.0.6. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the chromium compound comprises one or more of an organic chromium salt claim 1 , an inorganic chromium salt claim 1 , a chromium coordination claim 1 , and a chromium organometallic complex.7. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the chromium compound comprises one or more of chromium trichloride tris-tetrahydrofuran complex claim 1 , (benzene)tricarbonyl chromium claim 1 , chromium (III) octanoate claim 1 , chromium (III) acetylacetonoate claim 1 , chromium hexacarbonyl claim 1 , and chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate.9. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the organoaluminum compound comprises one or more of trimethylaluminium claim 1 , triethylaluminum claim 1 , tripropylaluminum claim 1 , tri-iso-butylaluminum claim 1 , diisobutylaluminium hydride claim 1 , trihexylaluminum claim 1 , tri-n-octylaluminium claim 1 , methylaluminium dichloride claim 1 , ethylaluminium ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING 2-ISOPROPENYL-5-METHYL-4-HEXEN-1-YL 3-METHYL-2-BUTENOATE

Provided is a method for industrially producing 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate, which is, for example, a sex pheromone substance of vine mealybug. More specifically, there is provided a method for producing 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate, comprising a step of transesterifying 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-ol represented by Formula (1) with alkyl senecioate represented by General Formula (2) in the presence of a catalyst, while distilling off an alcohol represented by General Formula (4) formed as a by-product, to obtain 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate represented by Formula (3). 2. The method for producing 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a Lewis acid containing a titanium atom claim 1 , a tin atom or an aluminum atom. This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-244181, filed Dec. 2, 2014, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.The present invention relates to 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate (generic name: lavandulyl senecioate) as a sex pheromone component of vine mealybug (scientific name: ).Vine mealybug (scientific name: ) is known as one of major insects of grapevines and damages fruits of grapevines, causing serious problems such as reductions in the yield and the crop quality. At the present time, insecticides are used to control the vine mealybug without sufficient success. Because of concerns about the environment and human health affected by the use of insecticides, there is a demand for the development of novel insect pest control methods such as mating disruption and mass trapping by using sex pheromone substances.The sex pheromone substance that is secreted by females of the vine mealybug and is used for reproductive behavior is 2-isopropenyl-5-methyl-4-hexen-1-yl 3-methyl-2-butenoate (generic name: lavandulyl ...

METHOD OF OLIGOMERIZATION OF OLEFINS

The present invention relates to a method of preparing α-olefins by oligomerization of C-Colefins. The method is carried out by oligomerization of C-Colefins in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a transition metal source, an activator, which is an alkylaluminoxane, and a compound of formula (I), ArArP—N(R)—PArAr[formula I], wherein Arare the same or different and are selected from substituted or unsubstituted C-Caryl, R is selected from linear or branched C-Calkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C-Caryl, and substituted or unsubstituted C-Ccycloalkyl, wherein the oligomerization is carried out in a solvent, which is a bicyclic compound or a mixture of bicyclic compounds, preferably decalin. The claimed method provides a significant increase in the activity of the catalyst during the oligomerization process and, as a consequence, a reduction in the catalyst unit consumption, as well a reduction in the formation of polymer by-product. 1. A method for preparing α-olefins by oligomerization of C-Colefins in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a transition metal source , an activator , which is an alkylaluminoxane , and a compound of formula (I) ,{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'ArArP—N(R)—PArAr\u2003\u2003[formula I],'}wherein{'sup': '1-4', 'sub': 6', '10, 'Arare the same or different and selected from substituted or unsubstituted C-Caryl groups;'}{'sub': 1', '4', '6', '10', '3', '10, 'R is selected from linear or branched C-Calkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted C-Caryl group, and substituted or unsubstituted C-Ccycloalkyl group;'}wherein the oligomerization process is carried out in a solvent, which is a bicyclic compound or a mixture of bicyclic compounds.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerization is trimerization or tetramerization.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein C-Colefin is ethylene.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group comprising Ti claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , Ni claim ...

PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION CATALYST AND OLIGOMERIZATION THEREOF

The present invention describes a catalyst composition for use as a catalyst system for an ethylene olisomerization, providing high activity and produce linear oligomer product having broad weight percent distribution i.e. Cto C. The catalyst composition comprises a zirconium amide compound, an organoaluminum compound and an additive. The present invention also provides a process for preparation of the zirconium amide compound comprising reacting a zirconium component having formula ZrXnTHF, wherein X is halogen atom; m is an integer having value equal or less than 4 and n is a number equal or less than 2, and a substituted amide of formula RCONR′R″, wherein R, R′ and R″ are saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C-Chydrocarbon or aromatic C-Chydrocarbon, in the presence of an organic solvent. 1. A catalyst composition for use as catalyst system for ethylene oligomerization , said catalyst composition comprising of a zirconium amide compound having a general formula ZrX.n(RCONR′R″) , wherein X is halogen atom; m is an integer having value equal or less than 4; n is a number equal or less than 2; R , R′ and R″ are saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C-Chydrocarbon or aromatic C-Chydrocarbon , an organoaluminum compound and an additive.2. The catalyst composition as claimed in . wherein the zirconium amide compound is tetrachlorobis(N claim 1 ,N-diisobutylacetamide)zirconium (ZrCl.2{CHCON[CHCH(CH)]}).3. The catalyst composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organoaluminum compound is selected from alkylaiuminum claim 1 , trialkenylaluminum claim 1 , dialkylaluminum halide claim 1 , alkylaluminum sesquihalide claim 1 , dialkylaluminum hydride claim 1 , partially hydrogenated alkylaluminum claim 1 , aluminoxane claim 1 , dialkylaluminum alkoxide and mixture thereof claim 1 , wherein:(i) the alkylaluminum is trialkylaluminum and selected from triethylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, tri-n-hexylaluminum, and tri-n-octylaluminum;( ...

PROCESS FOR OLIGOMERIZATION

The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound. 2. The process of wherein the olefin comprises ethylene and the product comprises a mixture of 1-octene and 1-hexene in a weight fraction ranging from 85 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight of total product formed.3. The process of wherein the catalyst system is prepared by combining a) the source of chromium claim 1 , b) one or more activators claim 1 , and c) at least one phosphacycle-containing ligating compound together in any order.4. The process of comprising contacting a feed stream with the catalyst system wherein the feed stream comprises the olefin.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the source of chromium is selected from the group consisting of trichlorotris(tetrahydrofuran)chromium claim 1 , chromium (III) acetylacetonate claim 1 , chromium (III) 2-ethylhexanoate claim 1 , and chromium (III) acetate.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the source of chromium and the ligating compound are contacted in proportions to provide Cr:ligating compound ratios from 1000:1 to 1:1000.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst system further includes an activator selected from the group consisting of (hydrocarbyl)aluminum compounds claim 1 , (hydrocarbyl)gallium compounds claim 1 , (hydrocarbyl)boron compounds claim 1 , (hydrocarbyl)zinc compounds claim 1 , non-coordinating claim 1 , ion-forming compounds claim 1 , an organic salt claim 1 , an inorganic acid and salt.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the activator is an alkylaluminoxane.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the source of chromium and the aluminoxane are combined in proportions to provide chromium: ...

METHOD FOR OLIGOMERIZATION OF OLEFINS (AMENDED)

The present disclosure relates to a method for oligomerization of olefins. The method for oligomerization of olefins according to the present disclosure not only provides excellent catalytic activity and stable process operation, but also exhibits high selectivity to 1-hexene or 1-octene by using a catalyst system including an activity modifier. 1. A method for oligomerization of olefins comprising the steps of:preparing a catalyst composition comprising a ligand comprising at least one diphosphino aminyl moiety, a chromium source, and a cocatalyst represented by the following Chemical Formula 1;preparing a catalyst system by mixing the catalyst composition with an activity modifier represented by the following Chemical Formula 2; and {'br': None, 'sup': 12', '11', '13, 'sub': 'a', 'R—[Al(R)—O]—R\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 1]'}, 'contacting olefinic monomers with the catalyst systemin Chemical Formula 1,{'sup': 11', '12', '13, 'sub': 1', '20', '1', '20, 'R, R, and Rare the same as or different from each other, and are independently hydrogen, a halogen, a C-Chydrocarbyl group, or a C-Chydrocarbyl group substituted with a halogen, and'} {'br': None, 'sup': '21', 'sub': '3', 'D(R)\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 9]'}, 'a is an integer of 2 or more;'}in Chemical Formula 2,D is aluminum or boron, and{'sup': '21', 'sub': 1', '20', '1', '20, 'each Ris the same as or different from each other, and are independently a C-Chydrocarbyl group, or a C-Chydrocarbyl group substituted with a halogen.'}2. The method for oligomerization of olefins according to claim 1 , wherein the cocatalyst is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of methyl aluminoxane claim 1 , ethyl aluminoxane claim 1 , butyl aluminoxane claim 1 , and isobutyl aluminoxane.3. The method for oligomerization of olefins according to claim 1 , wherein the activity modifier is one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of trimethylaluminum claim 1 , triethylaluminum claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SPIROOXINDOLE DERIVATIVE

The present invention is intended to provide a method for efficiently producing and providing a compound having a spirooxindole skeleton, for example, a compound having a spirooxindole skeleton and having antitumor activity that inhibits the interaction between Mdm2 protein and p53 protein, or an intermediate thereof, using an asymmetric catalyst. A compound having an optically active tricyclic dispiroindole skeleton is efficiently obtained through a catalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction using ketimine as a reaction substrate and using a chiral ligand and a Lewis acid. 4. A method according to any one of to , wherein the Lewis acid used in the preparation of the asymmetric catalyst is a Cu(I) Lewis acid or a Cu(II) Lewis acid.5. A method according to any one of to , wherein the Lewis acid used in the preparation of the asymmetric catalyst is a Lewis acid selected from the group consisting of CuOAc , CuCl , CuBr , CuI , CuOTf , CuPF , CuBF , Cu(OAc) , Cu(OTf) , and CuSO.8. A method according to any one of to , wherein the solvent used in the reaction is one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of N ,N-dimethylacetamide , tetrahydrofuran , dimethoxyethane , 2-propanol , toluene , and ethyl acetate.10. A method according to any one of to , wherein Ris a hydrogen atom.11. A method according to any one of to , wherein in formula (I) ,ring Z is a benzene ring optionally having 1 to 4 halogen atoms.12. A method according to any one of to , wherein in formula (II) or formula (V) ,{'sup': '2', 'Ris a pyridyl group optionally having 1 to 4 halogen atoms, or a phenyl group optionally having 1 to 5 halogen atoms.'}13. A method according to any one of to , wherein in formula (II) or formula (V) ,{'sup': 3', '4', '3', '4, 'claim-text': {'sub': 1', '6, 'the cyclopentane ring, the cyclohexane ring, and the tetrahydropyran ring each optionally have 1 to 4 C-Calkyl groups on the ring.'}, 'Rand Reach represent a methyl group, or Rand Rtogether form a ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A HOMOGENEOUS CATALYST FOR THE TISHCHENKO REACTION

The invention relates to a process for preparing a carboxylic ester by reacting an aldehyde in the presence of an aluminum alkoxide, wherein the aluminum alkoxide is obtained either by reacting an aluminum hydride with an aldehyde or by reacting a different aluminum alkoxide with a carboxylic ester. 115-. (canceled)17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the reaction of the aldehyde of general formula (II) with the aluminum hydride takes place at a temperature of 70° C. to −30° C.18. The process of claim 16 , wherein Ris a —(C-C)-alkyl group or a —(C-C)-alkenyl group and Rmay optionally be substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of:{'sub': 1', '12', '3', '12', '4', '12', '6', '20', '4', '20', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '3', '12', '1', '12', '2', '2, '(C-C)-alkyl, —(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —(C-C)-heterocycloalkyl, —(C-C)-aryl, —(C-C)-heteroaryl, —O—(C-C)-alkyl, —O—(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —S—(C-C)-alkyl, —S—(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —COO—(C-C)-alkyl, —COO—(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —COHN—(C-C)-alkyl, —CONH—(C-C)-cycloalkyl, —N—[(C-C)-alkyl], —OH, —NH, and halogen.'}19. The process of claim 18 , wherein Ris ethenyl or 2-propenyl.20. The process of claim 16 , wherein the aluminum hydride is a compound of empirical formula AlHor a complex metal aluminum hydride.21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the complex metal aluminum hydride is selected from the group consisting of: LiAlH; NaAlH; KAlH; Mg(AlH); Ca(AlH); Ba(AlH); Sn(II)(AlH); Ti(IV)(AlH); and mixtures thereof.22. The process of claim 21 , wherein an aluminum halide selected from the group consisting of AlF claim 21 , AlCl claim 21 , AlBror AlIis added to the reaction mixture in step a).23. The process of claim 18 , wherein the aluminum hydride is a compound of empirical formula AlHor a complex metal aluminum hydride.24. The process of claim 23 , wherein the complex metal aluminum hydride is selected from the group consisting of: LiAlH; NaAlH; KAlH; Mg(AlH); Ca( ...

CATALYST COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR OLIGOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE

A catalyst composition including: (a) a chromium compound; (b) a ligand of the general structure 2. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the chromium compound is an organic salt claim 1 , an inorganic salt claim 1 , a coordination complex claim 1 , an organometallic complexes of Cr(II) claim 1 , or Cr(III) claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.3. The catalyst composition according to claim 2 , wherein the chromium compound is CrCl(THF) claim 2 , Cr(III)acetylacetonate claim 2 , Cr(III)octanoate claim 2 , chromium hexacarbonyl claim 2 , Cr(III)-2-ethylhexanoate claim 2 , (benzene)tricarbonyl-chromium claim 2 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.4. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare each independently methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , tert-butyl claim 1 , cyclohexyl claim 1 , phenyl claim 1 , benzyl claim 1 , tolyl claim 1 , or xylyl.5. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the activator or co-catalyst is trimethylaluminum claim 1 , triethylaluminum claim 1 , triisopropylaluminum claim 1 , triisobutylaluminum claim 1 , ethylaluminumsesquichloride claim 1 , diethylaluminum chloride claim 1 , ethylaluminumdichloride claim 1 , methylaluminoxane (MAO) claim 1 , modified methylaminoxane (MMAO) claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.6. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ligand is PhP—N(i-Pr)—P(Ph)-N(i-Pr)Ph claim 1 , PhP—N(i-Pr)—P(Ph)-N(Me)CH claim 1 , PhP—N(i-Pr)—P(Ph)S(i-Pr) claim 1 , PhP—N(i-Pr)—P(Ph)OCH claim 1 , PhP—N(i-Pr)P(Ph)OCH claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.7. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , additionally comprising a solvent claim 1 , wherein the solvent is one of aromatic hydrocarbons claim 1 , straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons claim 1 ...

Phosphinyl Amidine Compounds, Metal Complexes, Catalyst Systems, and Their Use to Oligomerize or Polymerize Olefins

N 2 -phosphinyl amidine compounds, N 2 -phosphinyl amidinates, N 2 -phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, N 2 -phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are described. Methods for making N 2 -phosphinyl amidine compounds, N 2 -phosphinyl amidinates, N 2 -phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, and N 2 -phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are also disclosed. Catalyst systems utilizing the N 2 -phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes and N 2 -phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are also disclosed along with the use of the N 2 -phosphinyl amidine compounds, N 2 -phosphinyl amidinates, N 2 -phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, and N 2 -phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes for the oligomerization and/or polymerization of olefins.

TITANIUM OXIDE PARTICLE, COMPOSITION FOR FORMING PHOTOCATALYST, AND PHOTOCATALYST

A titanium oxide particle includes a metal having a hydrocarbon group, which is bonded to a surface of the titanium oxide particle through an oxygen atom, and absorbs light having a wavelength of 450 nm and light having a wavelength of 750 nm, wherein an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium Ti in a surface of the titanium oxide particle is from 0.3 to 1.2, and a reduced amount of C/Ti on the surface of the titanium oxide particle before and after irradiation with an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 352 nm and at an irradiation intensity of 1.3 mW/cmfor 20 hours is from 0.1 to 0.9. 1. A titanium oxide particle ,which comprises a metal having a hydrocarbon group, which is bonded to a surface of the titanium oxide particle through an oxygen atom, andabsorbs light having a wavelength of 450 nm and light having a wavelength of 750 nm,wherein an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium Ti in a surface of the titanium oxide particle is from 0.3 to 1.2, and{'sup': '2', 'a reduced amount of C/Ti on the surface of the titanium oxide particle before and after irradiation with an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 352 nm and at an irradiation intensity of 1.3 mW/cmfor 20 hours is from 0.1 to 0.9.'}2. The titanium oxide particle according to claim 1 ,which has an absorption in a whole range of a wavelength of 400 nm to 800 nm in a visible absorption spectrum.3. The titanium oxide particle according to claim 1 ,which is prepared by subjecting a titanium oxide particle to surface treatment with a metal-containing compound,{'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'sub': n', 'm, "the metal-containing compound being a compound represented by RSiRwherein Rrepresents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group which has 1 to 20 carbon atoms and is saturated or unsaturated, Rrepresents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group, n represents an integer of 1 to 3, m represents an integer of 1 to 3, provided that n+m=4 is satisfied, when n represents an ...

TITANIUM OXIDE PARTICLE, COMPOSITION FOR FORMING PHOTOCATALYST, AND PHOTOCATALYST

A titanium oxide particle includes bonded thereon a metal-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon group, wherein the titanium oxide particle has an absorption at 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and with respect to a surface of the particle, an element ratio M/Ti between metal M of the metal-containing compound and titanium is from 0.1 to 0.4 and an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium is from 0.3 to 1.2. 1. A titanium oxide particle comprising bonded thereon a metal-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon group ,wherein the titanium oxide particle has an absorption at 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, andwith respect to a surface of the particle, an element ratio M/Ti between metal M of the metal-containing compound and titanium is from 0.1 to 0.4 and an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium is from 0.3 to 1.2.2. The titanium oxide particle according to claim 1 ,wherein the titanium oxide particle is any one of a brookite type, an anatase type, and a rutile type.3. The titanium oxide particle according to claim 1 ,which has an absorption in a range of a wavelength of 400 nm to 800 nm in the visible absorption spectrum.4. The titanium oxide particle according to claim 1 ,wherein an element ratio O/(M+Ti) between oxygen O and a total of the metal M and titanium with respect to the surface of the particle is from 2.05 to 2.5.5. The titanium oxide particle according to claim 1 ,wherein the metal of the metal-containing compound is silicon.6. The titanium oxide particle according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'sub': n', 'm, 'wherein the metal-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon group is a compound represented b RMR, wherein Rrepresents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, which is saturated or unsaturated and has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Rrepresents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group, n represents an integer of 1 to 3, and m represents an integer of 1 to ...

METATITANIC ACID PARTICLE, COMPOSITION FOR FORMING PHOTOCATALYST, AND PHOTOCATALYST

A metatitanic acid particle including bonded thereon a metal-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon group, wherein the metatitanic acid particle has an absorption at 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and with respect to a surface of the particle, an element ratio M/Ti between metal M of the metal-containing compound and titanium is from 0.1 to 0.4 and an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium is from 0.3 to 1.2. 1. A metatitanic acid particle comprising bonded thereon a metal-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon group ,wherein the metatitanic acid particle has an absorption at 450 nm and 750 nm in a visible absorption spectrum, and,with respect to a surface of the particle, an element ratio M/Ti between metal M of the metal-containing compound and titanium is from 0 .1 to 0.4 and an element ratio C/Ti between carbon C and titanium is from 0.3 to 1.2.2. The metatitanic acid particle according to claim 1 ,which has an absorption in a range of wavelengths of 400 nm to 800 nm in the visible absorption spectrum.3. The metatitanic acid particle according to claim 1 ,wherein an element ratio O/(M+Ti) between oxygen 0 and a total of the metal M and titanium with respect to the surface of the particle is from 2.05 to 2.5.4. The metatitanic acid particle according to claim 1 ,wherein the metal of the metal-containing compound is silicon.5. The metatitanic acid particle according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '2', '1', '2', '1', '2, 'sub': n', 'm, 'wherein the metal-containing compound which has a hydrocarbon group is a compound represented by RMR, wherein Rrepresents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, which is saturated or unsaturated and has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Rrepresents a halogen atom or an alkoxy group, n represents an integer of 1 to 3, and m represents an integer of 1 to 3, provided that n+m=4 is satisfied, in a case where n represents an integer of 2 or 3, plural Rmay be the same or different, and in a ...

CATALYST COMPOSITION PRE-FORMATION UNIT FOR PREPARING A CATALYST COMPOSITION FOR OLIGOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE

A pre-formation unit, includes: a first vessel comprising a solution of co-catalyst and modifier; a second vessel comprising chromium compound and ligand; wherein the first and second vessel are connected via lines to a mixing unit, wherein each line has a flow control valve; wherein the mixing unit is connected via a line having a flow control valve to an oligomerization reactor; wherein gas inlets are each connected to the first vessel and to the second vessel, and wherein a portion of each of the first vessel, the second vessel, the mixing unit, and the flow control valves are within a temperature controlled enclosure. 1. An ethylene oligomerization catalyst pre-formation unit , comprising:a first vessel comprising a solution of co-catalyst and modifier;a second vessel comprising a chromium compound and a ligand;wherein the first and second vessel are connected via lines to a mixing unit, wherein each line has a flow control valve;wherein the mixing unit is connected via a line having a flow control valve to an oligomerization reactor;wherein gas inlets are each connected to the first vessel and to the second vessel, and wherein at least one of the first vessel, the second vessel, the mixing unit, and the flow control valves are at least partly within a temperature controlled enclosure.2. The pre-formation unit of claim 1 , wherein the mixing unit is a vessel comprising agitation means.3. The pre-formation unit of wherein the flow control valves are independently a thermal mass flow controller or a coreolis flow meter.4. A method of making a catalyst composition for the oligomerization of ethylene claim 1 , comprising:{'sub': 4', '3', '2', '2', '3', '4, 'preparing, in a first vessel having a first gas inlet, in a first solvent, a first solution by mixing a co-catalyst and a modifier, wherein the co-catalyst is selected from trialkyl aluminum, alkyl aluminum sesquichloride, dialkyl aluminum chloride, or alkyl aluminum dichloride, and wherein the modifier is ...

CATALYST SYSTEM FOR ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION USING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst system for ethylene oligomerization and a method for producing ethylene oligomerization using the same and more particularly, to a catalyst system for ethylene oligomerization including a transition metal or transition metal precursor with a new structure, a ligand with a backbone structure expressed by the following Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2, and a co-catalyst for providing an ethylene oligomer and a method for producing ethylene oligomerization using the same. [Chemical Formula 1] R—OC(═O)—Y—C(═O)ORHerein, R, Rare each independently hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl, or substituted heterohydrocarbyl, and Yrepresents a group connecting CO(═O). [Chemical Formula 2] R—O—Y—O—RHerein, R, Rare each independently hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl, or substituted heterohydrocarbyl, and Yrepresents a group connecting O and is a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, or hetero hydrocarbyl, or substituted heterohydrocarbyl. The catalyst system of the present disclosure has an excellent catalytic activity and in the distribution of the produced α-olefins, C8″-C18″ α-olefins are highly distributed. 1. A catalyst system for ethylene oligomerization comprising:a transition metal or transition metal precursor;a ligand with a backbone structure expressed by the following Chemical Formula 1 or Chemical Formula 2; and {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '1', '2, 'R—OC(═O)—Y—C(═O)OR\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 1]'}, 'a co-catalyst{'sup': 1', '2', '1, 'claim-text': {'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2', '2, 'R—O—Y—O—R\u2003\u2003[Chemical Formula 2]'}, '(wherein R, Rare each independently hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl, or substituted heterohydrocarbyl, and Yrepresents a group connecting CO(═O)), and'}{'sup': 1', '2', '2, '(wherein R, Rare each independently hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, heterohydrocarbyl, or substituted heterohydrocarbyl, ...

CATALYTIC COMPOSITION BASED ON CHROMIUM AND A LIGAND BASED ON PHOSPHINE AND ITS USE IN A METHOD FOR PRODUCING OCTENES

The invention pertains to a composition that comprises at least one chromium precursor, at least one heteroatomic ligand, and, optionally, at least one activator. The invention also pertains to the method for preparation of the composition in accordance with the invention and the use of said composition in a method for oligomerization of olefins. 2. Composition in accordance with claim 1 , in which the whole number n of the fragment —(CH)n- of the ligand is between 1 and 15.3. Composition in accordance with claim 1 , in which the molar ratio between the ligand and the chromium precursor is between 0.01 and 100.4. Composition in accordance with claim 1 , in which the molar ratio between the activator and the chromium precursor is between 1 and 10 claim 1 ,000.5. Composition in accordance with claim 1 , in which the chromium precursor is selected from among CrCl claim 1 , CrCl(tetrahydrofuran) claim 1 , Cr(acetylacetonate) claim 1 , Cr(naphthenate) claim 1 , Cr(2-ethylhexanoate) claim 1 , and Cr(acetate).6. Composition in accordance with claim 1 , in which the activator agent is selected from among the tris(hydrocarbyl)aluminum compounds claim 1 , the chlorinated or brominated compounds of hydrocarbylaluminum claim 1 , aluminum halides claim 1 , aluminoxanes claim 1 , the organoboronated compounds claim 1 , and the organic compounds that are capable of providing a proton claim 1 , taken individually or in a mixture.8. Preparation method in accordance with claim 7 , in which the components of the composition are mixed at a temperature of between −40 and +150° C.9. (canceled)10. Method for oligomerization of an olefinic feedstock that involves bringing said feedstock that comprises olefins having between 2 and 10 carbon atoms into contact with a composition in accordance with claim 1 , where said method is run at a total pressure of between atmospheric pressure and 20 MPa and at a temperature of between −40 and +250° C.11. Method in accordance with claim 10 , in which ...

Catalyst Systems and Ethylene Oligomerization Method

Disclosed herein is a catalyst system comprising (i) a heterocyclic 2-[(phosphinyl)aminyl]imine transition metal compound complex having Structure I wherein T is oxygen or sulfur, Rand Rare each independently a Cto Corganyl group consisting essentially of inert functional groups, Ris hydrogen or a Cto Corganyl group, L is a Cto Corganylene group consisting essentially of inert functional groups, MXrepresents a transition metal compound where M is a transition metal, X is a monoanion, and p is an integer from 1 to 6, Q is a neutral ligand, and q ranges from 0 to 6, and (ii) an organoaluminum compound. Also disclosed herein is a process comprising contacting (i) ethylene, (ii) a catalyst system comprising (a) a heterocyclic transition metal compound complex having Structure I as described herein and (b) an organoaluminum compound, and (iii) optionally hydrogen to form an oligomer product. 3. The catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein{'sup': 11', '21, 'sub': 1', '10, 'Rand Rare each independently hydrogen or a Cto Calkyl group, and'}{'sup': 12', '13', '14', '22', '23', '24, 'R, R, R, R, R, and Rare hydrogen.'}4. The catalyst system of claim 2 , wherein Ris hydrogen.5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal compound comprises a chromium(III) carboxylate claim 1 , a chromium(III) β-diketonate claim 1 , or a chromium(III) halide.6. The catalyst system of claim 1 , wherein the organoaluminum compound comprises an aluminoxane.7. The catalyst system of claim 6 , wherein the aluminoxane comprises methylaluminoxane claim 6 , a modified methylaluminoxane claim 6 , ethylaluminoxane claim 6 , n-propylaluminoxane claim 6 , iso-propylaluminoxane claim 6 , n-butylaluminoxane claim 6 , sec-butylaluminoxane claim 6 , iso-butylaluminoxane claim 6 , t-butyl aluminoxane claim 6 , 1-pentyl-aluminoxane claim 6 , 2-pentylaluminoxane claim 6 , 3-pentylaluminoxane claim 6 , iso-pentylaluminoxane claim 6 , neopentylaluminoxane claim 6 , or mixtures thereof.8. The catalyst ...

ZIEGLER-NATTA CATALYST SYSTEM HAVING A THERMALLY TREATED MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE COMPONENT

A heterogeneous procatalyst includes a titanium species, a magnesium chloride component, and a chlorinating agent having a structure A(C)x(R)3-x, where A is aluminum or boron, Ris a (C-C) hydrocarbyl, and x is 1, 2, or 3. The magnesium chloride component may be thermally treated at a temperature greater than 100 C for at least 30 minutes before or after introduction of the chlorinating agent and titanium species to the heterogeneous procatalyst. The heterogeneous procatalyst having the thermally treated magnesium chloride exhibits improved average molecular weight capability. Processes for producing the heterogeneous procatalyst and processes for producing ethylene-based polymers utilizing the heterogeneous procatalyst are also disclosed. 1. A heterogeneous procatalyst comprising:a titanium species;{'sub': x', '3-x, 'sup': '1', 'claim-text': A is aluminum or boron;', {'sup': '1', 'sub': 1', '3, 'Ris a (C-C) hydrocarbyl; and'}, 'x is 1, 2, or 3; and, 'a chlorinating agent having a structure A(Cl)(R), wherea thermally-treated magnesium chloride component, wherein the thermally treated magnesium chloride component comprises a product of thermally treating a magnesium chloride slurry at a temperature of at least 150° C. for at least 30 minutes.2. The heterogeneous procatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the magnesium chloride slurry comprises at least magnesium chloride dispersed in a solvent.3. The heterogeneous procatalyst of claim 2 , wherein the magnesium chloride slurry comprises the titanium species and the chlorinating agent.4. The heterogeneous procatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the heterogeneous procatalyst comprises the product of:thermally treating a slurry of magnesium chloride dispersed in a solvent at a temperature of at least 100° C. for at least 30 minutes; andcombining the titanium species and the chlorinating agent with the thermally treated magnesium chloride.5. The heterogeneous procatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the heterogeneous procatalyst comprises the ...

ZIEGLER-NATTA CATALYST SYSTEM HAVING A TREATED MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE COMPONENT

A procatalyst including a preformed magnesium chloride catalyst support having a surface area of greater than or equal to 100 m/g, a titanium containing component, a chlorinating agent, and a hydrocarbon soluble transition metal compound having an oxidation state of greater than or equal to 5+. The hydrocarbon soluble transition metal compound having an oxidation state of greater than or equal to 5+ is not vanadium. 1. A procatalyst , comprising:{'sup': '2', 'a preformed magnesium chloride catalyst support having a surface area of greater than or equal to 100 m/g;'}a titanium containing component;a chlorinating agent; anda hydrocarbon soluble transition metal compound having an oxidation state of greater than or equal to 5+, wherein the hydrocarbon soluble transition metal compound having an oxidation state of greater than or equal to 5+ does not comprise vanadium.2. The procatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon soluble transition metal compound having an oxidation state of greater than or equal to 5+ is an aliphatic hydrocarbon soluble transition metal compound having an oxidation state of greater than or equal to 5+.3. The procatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the preformed magnesium chloride catalyst support has a surface area of greater than or equal to 150 m/g.4. The procatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the preformed magnesium chloride catalyst support is a MgClslurry in a hydrocarbon solvent.5. The procatalyst of claim 4 , wherein the MgClslurry is a reaction product of an alkylmagnesium compound solution in a hydrocarbon solvent and a chloride source without separation of the hydrocarbon solvent.6. The procatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the titanium containing component is titanium chloride.7. The procatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the titanium containing component is TiCl(OR) claim 1 , where R is C-Chydrocarbyl claim 1 , or combinations thereof claim 1 , x=0 claim 1 , 1 claim 1 , 2 claim 1 , 3 claim 1 , or 4.8. The procatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the chlorinating ...

PREACTIVATED CATALYST COMPONENT FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINS

A process for the preparation of pre-activated or pre-polymerized catalysts made from or containing a solid catalyst component made from or containing Ti, Mg, and halogen is disclosed. The resulting catalyst is protected from the release of flammable gases in contact with water. The process includes the steps of (a) a reaction step for yielding a catalyst precursor; (b) a reaction step in which the catalyst precursor is reacted with an organoaluminum compound for yielding a modified-catalyst precursor; (c) a treatment step in which the modified-catalyst precursor is treated with a mono or polychlorinated compound, thereby yielding the solid catalyst component; and (d) isolating and recovering the solid catalyst component. 1. A process for making a solid catalyst component comprising the steps of:{'sub': m', '2-m', '1', '20, '(a) a reaction step carried out at a temperature ranging from about 0 to about 150° C., in which a Mg based compound of formula (MgClX).nLB, in which m ranges from 0 to 2, n ranges from 0 to 6, X is, independently R, OR, —OCOR or —OC(O)—OR group, in which R is a C-Chydrocarbon group, and LB is a Lewis base, reacted with a Ti compound, and having at least a Ti-Cl bond, in an amount such that the Ti/Mg molar ratio is greater than about 0.1 optionally in the presence of an electron donor compound thereby yielding a catalyst precursor;'}(b) a reaction step in which the catalyst precursor of reaction step (a) is reacted with an organoaluminum compound in such an amount to have a Al/Ti ratio of about 0.01 to about 50, optionally in the presence of an amount of olefin monomer sufficient to yield from about 0.1 to about 50 grams of polymer per gram of catalyst precursor; optionally followed by at least one washing steps, thereby yielding a modified-catalyst precursor;{'sup': 1', '1', '1, 'sub': 1', '20, '(c) a treatment step in which the modified-catalyst precursor of reaction step (b) is treated with a mono or polychlorinated R—Cl compound in a RCl/Al ...

Method for producing a spirooxindole derivative

The present disclosure provides a method for efficiently producing and providing compounds having a spirooxindole skeleton, for example compounds having a spirooxindole skeleton and having antitumor activity that inhibit the interaction between Mdm2 protein and p53 protein, or intermediates thereof, using an asymmetric catalyst. Compounds having optically active tricyclic dispiroindole skeletons are obtained through catalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction using ketimine as a reaction substrate and using a chiral ligand and a Lewis acid.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SPIROOXINDOLE DERIVATIVE

The present invention is intended to provide a method for efficiently producing and providing a compound having a spirooxindole skeleton, for example, a compound having a spirooxindole skeleton and having antitumor activity that inhibits the interaction between Mdm2 protein and p53 protein, or an intermediate thereof, using an asymmetric catalyst. A compound having an optically active tricyclic dispiroindole skeleton is efficiently obtained through a catalytic asymmetric 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction using ketimine as a reaction substrate and using a chiral ligand and a Lewis acid. 4. A method according to any one of to , wherein the Lewis acid used in the preparation of the asymmetric catalyst is a Cu(I) Lewis acid or a Cu(II) Lewis acid.5. A method according to any one of to , wherein the Lewis acid used in the preparation of the asymmetric catalyst is a Lewis acid selected from the group consisting of CuOAc , CuCl , CuBr , CuI , CuOTf , CuPF , CuBF , Cu(OAc) , Cu(OTf) , and CuSO.8. A method according to any one of to , wherein the solvent used in the reaction is one or more solvents selected from the group consisting of N ,N-dimethylacetamide , tetrahydrofuran , dimethoxyethane , 2-propanol , toluene , and ethyl acetate.10. A method according to any one of to , wherein Ris a hydrogen atom.11. A method according to any one of to , wherein in formula (I) ,ring Z is a benzene ring optionally having 1 to 4 halogen atoms.12. A method according to any one of to , wherein in formula (II) or formula (V) ,{'sup': '2', 'Ris a pyridyl group optionally having 1 to 4 halogen atoms, or a phenyl group optionally having 1 to 5 halogen atoms.'}13. A method according to any one of to , wherein in formula (II) or formula (V) ,{'sup': 3', '4', '3', '4, 'claim-text': {'sub': 1', '6, 'the cyclopentane ring, the cyclohexane ring, and the tetrahydropyran ring each optionally have 1 to 4 C-Calkyl groups on the ring.'}, 'Rand Reach represent a methyl group, or Rand Rtogether form a ...

Ethylene Oligomerizaton Processes

A process comprising a) contacting (i) ethylene, (ii) a catalyst system comprising 1) a heteroatomic ligand iron salt complex, or a heteroatomic ligand and an iron salt, (iii) hydrogen, and (iv) optionally an organic reaction medium; and b) forming an oligomer product wherein 1) the oligomer product has a Schulz-Flory K value from 0.4 to 0.8 and 2) the oligomer product comprises (a) less than 1 wt. % of polymer, (b) less than 1 wt. % compounds having greater than 70 carbon atoms, (c) less thanl wt. % compounds having a weight average molecular weight of greater than 1000 g/mol, or (d) any combination thereof wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the oligomer product. 1. A process comprising:a) contacting (i) ethylene, (ii) a catalyst system comprising a heteroatomic ligand iron salt complex, or a heteroatomic ligand and an iron salt, (iii) hydrogen, and (iv) optionally an organic reaction medium; andb) forming an oligomer product wherein 1) the oligomer product has a Schulz-Flory K value from 0.4 to 0.8 and 2) the oligomer product comprises (a) less than 1 wt. % of polymer, (b) less than 1 wt. % compounds having greater than 70 carbon atoms, (c) less than 1 wt. % compounds having a weight average molecular weight of greater than 1000 g/mol, or (d) any combination thereof wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the oligomer product.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein each carbon number fraction from Cto Cof the oligomer product has a paraffin content equal to or less than 2 times the paraffin content of a corresponding carbon number fraction of the oligomer product produced in the absence of hydrogen based on the total weight of the carbon number fraction of the oligomer product.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomer product is formed in the presence of ethylene and hydrogen present at a ratio in the range of 0.05 g H/kg olefin to 5 g H/kg olefin.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst system comprises ...

PRODUCTION METHOD OF POLYMER COMPOUND

The invention provides a production method of a polymer compound having a constitutional unit represented by the formula (3-1) and a constitutional unit represented by the formula (3-2), which contains a step of reacting a compound represented by the formula (1) and a compound represented by the formula (2) in the presence of a transition metal complex, a base and an organic solvent having a peroxide amount of 15 ppm by weight or less: 2. The polymer compound production method according to claim 1 , wherein a radical chain inhibitor is further used in said reaction step.3. The polymer compound production method according to claim 1 , wherein said transition metal complex is a palladium complex.4. The polymer compound production method according to any one of claim 1 , wherein said organic solvent is an organic solvent obtained by contacting with an adsorbent. The present invention relates to a production method of a polymer compound.As the material of organic electroluminescent devices and the like, for example, polymer compounds are used, and there is a correlation between the size of the molecular weight of the polymer compound and device characteristics, and it is desired to increase the molecular weight of the polymer compound.Such a polymer compound can be synthesized, for example, by reacting a diboronic acid of an aromatic compound and a dihalide of an aromatic compound in the presence of a transition metal complex by the Suzuki Coupling method. Specifically, for example, a method of reacting a diboronic acid of fluorene and a dibromo form of carbazole by the Suzuki Coupling method is known (Non-Patent Document 1).Non-Patent Document 1: Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2015, 3, 9664-9669In the above-described method, however, it was difficult to obtain a polymer compound having sufficiently large molecular weight.Then, the present invention has an object of providing a polymer compound production method capable of obtaining a polymer compound having ...

CATALYST COMPLEX WITH CARBENE LIGAND

Catalytic complexes including a metal atom having anionic ligands, at least one nucleophilic carbene ligand, and an alkylidene, vinylidene, or allenylidene ligand. The complexes are highly stable to air, moisture and thermal degradation. The complexes are designed to efficiently carry out a variety of olefin metathesis reactions. 2. The catalytic complex of claim 1 , wherein Ris a C-Calkyl claim 1 , where the C-Calkyl is substituted with a functional group selected from hydroxyl claim 1 , thiol claim 1 , thioether claim 1 , ketone claim 1 , aldehyde claim 1 , ester claim 1 , amide claim 1 , amine claim 1 , imine claim 1 , nitro claim 1 , carboxylic acid claim 1 , disulfide claim 1 , carbonate claim 1 , isocyanate claim 1 , carbodiimide claim 1 , carboalkoxy claim 1 , carbamate claim 1 , and halogen.3. The catalytic complex of claim 1 , wherein Ris a C-Calkyl claim 1 , where the C-Calkyl is substituted with a functional group selected from thioether and imine.4. The catalytic complex of claim 3 , wherein Ris a cyclic isomer.5. The catalytic complex of claim 4 , wherein the cyclic isomer is a multiply unsaturated variant.6. The catalytic complex of claim 5 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen claim 5 , C-Calkyl claim 5 , and aryl; L is selected from the group consisting of phosphines claim 5 , phosphites claim 5 , phosphinites claim 5 , phosphonites claim 5 , and pyridines; Y and Yare each independently an aryl group substituted with C-Calkyl groups; and Z and Zare independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C-Calkyl.7. The catalytic complex of claim 5 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen claim 5 , methyl claim 5 , ethyl claim 5 , n-propyl claim 5 , iso-propyl claim 5 , n-butyl claim 5 , iso-butyl claim 5 , sec-butyl claim 5 , and phenyl; X and Xare each halide claim 5 , CFCO claim 5 , CHCO claim 5 , CFHCO claim 5 , (CH)CO claim 5 , (CF)(CH)CO claim 5 , (CF)(CH)CO claim 5 , PhO claim 5 , MeO claim ...

METHOD FOR OLIGOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE

The present invention relates to a method for oligomerization of ethylene, comprising the steps: 1. A method for oligomerization of ethylene , comprising the steps:a) feeding ethylene, solvent and a catalyst composition comprising catalyst and cocatalyst into a reactor,b) oligomerizing ethylene in the reactor,c) discharging a reactor effluent comprising linear alpha-olefins including 1-butene, solvent, unconsumed ethylene dissolved in the reactor effluent, and catalyst composition from the reactor,d) separating ethylene and 1-butene collectively from the remaining reactor effluent, ande) recycling at least a part of the ethylene and the 1-butene separated in step d) into the reactor.2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the recycling stream of ethylene and 1-butene of step e) is purged at least partly by a purge stream.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of 1-butene in the reactor is at least 1 weight percent based on the total weight of liquids in the reactor.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein 1-butene is present in the reactor in a maximum amount of 30 weight percent claim 1 , based on the total weight of liquids in the reactor.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein step b) is carried out at a temperature of 10-100° C. and/or a pressure of about 10-100 bar.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein additional 1-butene is fed into the reactor claim 1 , from an external source at an initial start-up period of the method for oligomerization.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the separation of step d) is carried out at a pressure below reaction pressure of step b).8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ethylene and 1-butene are recycled into the reactor in liquid form.9. The method according to claim 1 , which is a trimerisation.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition comprises a catalyst comprising a chromium compound and a ligand of the general structure (A) RRP—N(R)—P(R)—N(R)—H ...

METHODS FOR CONVERTING CBD TO TETRAHYDROCANNABINOLS

This disclosure provides a method for converting CBD to a tetrahydrocannabinol featuring the use of cheap and non-toxic aluminum isopropoxide as a catalyst. The method comprises (a) providing a reaction mixture comprising a catalyst in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises aluminum isopropoxide; (b) adding a reagent comprising CBD to the reaction mixture; (c) mixing the reaction mixture and allowing a reaction for converting CBD to a tetrahydrocannabinol to occur for a predetermine period of time; (d) removing the catalyst by filtration upon the completion of the reaction; (e) removing the organic solvent; and (f) eluting the tetrahydrocannabinol from the organic phase. 1. A method of converting CBD to a tetrahydrocannabinol , comprising:(a) providing a reaction mixture comprising a catalyst in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises aluminum isopropoxide;(b) adding a reagent comprising CBD to the reaction mixture;(c) mixing the reaction mixture and allowing a reaction for converting CBD to a tetrahydrocannabinol to occur for a predetermined period of time;(d) removing the catalyst by filtration upon the completion of the reaction;(e) removing the organic solvent; and(f) eluting the tetrahydrocannabinol from the organic phase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the tetrahydrocannabinol is 48-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the tetrahydrocannabinol is 49-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC).4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yield of the tetrahydrocannabinol is at least 60%.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yield of the tetrahydrocannabinol is at least 80%.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yield of the tetrahydrocannabinol is at least 90%.7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the ratio of Δ8-THC to Δ9-THC is between about 1:10 and about 10:1.8. The method of claim 3 , wherein the ratio of Δ8-THC to Δ9-THC is between about 1:1 and about 6:1.9. The method claim 3 , wherein the ratio of Δ8-THC to Δ9-THC is ...

CATALYST COMPOSITION COMPRISING PHOSPHORUS-BASED LIGAND AND HYDROFORMYLATION PROCESS USING THE SAME

Disclosed are a catalyst composition containing a phosphorous-based ligand and a hydroformylation process using the same. More specifically, disclosed are a catalyst composition containing a monodentate phosphite ligand, a monodentate phosphine ligand and a transition metal catalyst, wherein the total content of the entire ligand including the monodentate phosphite ligand and the monodentate phosphine ligand is 1 to 33 moles, based on 1 mole of the transition metal catalyst, and a hydroformylation method using the same. 2. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the content of each of the monodentate phosphite ligand and the monodentate phosphine ligand is 0.5 to 32.5 moles claim 1 , based on 1 mole of the transition metal catalyst.3. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein a mix ratio of the monodentate phosphite ligand and the monodentate phosphine ligand is 5:1 to 1:5 claim 1 , based on weight.4. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the monodentate phosphite ligand comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of triphenyl phosphite claim 1 , tris(2 claim 1 ,6-triisopropyl)phosphite claim 1 , tris(2 claim 1 ,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl)phosphite claim 1 , tris(2-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)phosphite and tris(2 claim 1 ,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (TDTBPP).5. The catalyst composition according to claim 1 , wherein the monodentate phosphine ligand comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of tri-m-tolylphosphine (TMTP) claim 1 , tri-p-tolylphosphine (TPTP) claim 1 , diphenyl(p-tolyl)phosphine (DPPTP) claim 1 , cyclohexyldiphenylphosphine (CHDP) claim 1 , tris(2 claim 1 ,6-dimethoxyphenyl)phosphine (TDMPP) claim 1 , tris(4-methoxyphenyl)phosphine (TMPP) claim 1 , trimesitylphosphine (TMSTP) claim 1 , tris-3 claim 1 ,5-xylylphosphine (TXP) claim 1 , tricyclohexylphosphine (TCHP) claim 1 , tribenzylphosphine (TBP) claim 1 , benzyl diphenylphosphine (BDPP) and diphenyl-n-propylphosphine ...

ANTIFOULING OLIGOMERIZATION CATALYST SYSTEMS

According to one embodiment, a catalyst system that reduces polymeric fouling may comprise at least one titanate compound, at least one aluminum compound, and at least one antifouling agent or a derivative thereof. The antifouling agent may comprise a structure comprising a central aluminum molecule bound to an R1 group, bound to an R2 group, and bound to an R3 group. One or more of the chemical groups R1, R2, and R3 may be antifouling groups comprising the structure —O((CH)O)R4, where n is an integer from 1 to 20, m is an integer from 1 to 100, and R4 is a hydrocarbyl group. The chemical groups R1, R2, or R3 that do not comprise the antifouling group, if any, may be hydrocarbyl groups. 2. The catalyst system of claim 1 , where n is from 1 to 5.3. The catalyst system of claim 1 , where m is from 1 to 20.4. The catalyst system of claim 1 , where R4 has from 1 to 100 carbon atoms.5. The catalyst system of claim 1 , further comprising an ether compound.6. The catalyst system of claim 5 , where the ether compound is tetrahydrofuran claim 5 , a dioxane claim 5 , or tetrahydropyran.7. The catalyst system of claim 1 , where at least one of the titanate compounds is an alkyl titanate.8. The catalyst system of claim 7 , where the alkyl titanate has the structure Ti(OR) claim 7 , where R is a branched or straight chain alkyl radical comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.9. The catalyst system of claim 7 , where the alkyl titanate is chosen from tetraethyl titanate claim 7 , tetraisopropyl titanate claim 7 , tetra-n-butyl titanate claim 7 , or 2-tetraethylhexyl titanate.10. The catalyst system of claim 1 , where at least one of the aluminum compounds has the structure AlR′or AlR′H claim 1 , where R′ is a branched or straight chain alkyl radical comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.11. The catalyst system of claim 1 , where at least one of the aluminum compounds is chosen from triethylaluminum claim 1 , tripropylaluminum claim 1 , tri-iso-butylaluminum claim 1 , trihexylaluminum ...

BISPHOSPHINE LIGAND COMPOUND, CHROMIUM COMPOUND, ETHYLENE OLIGOMERIZATION CATALYST SYSTEM, AND ETHYLENE OLIGOMER PREPARATION METHOD

The present invention relates to a bisphosphine ligand compound, a chromium compound prepared using same, an ethylene oligomerization catalyst system containing the chromium compound, and an ethylene oligomer preparing method, wherein the bisphosphine ligand compound is suitable for mass production and commercial processes, allows extremely high activity to be compatible with excellent economical benefit, and increases selectivity for ethylene oligomerization reaction, thereby being able to be used to manufacture 1-hexene and/or 1-octene at high yield. 2. The bisphosphine ligand compound according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in Formula A claim 1 , R is [CH(CH)]CH—* (d being an integer of 0 to 20) and Rs are each independently an ethyl group claim 1 , an isopropyl group claim 1 , or an n-butyl group.4. The chromium compound according to claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , in Formula 1 claim 3 , [AY] is [B(CF)].5. The chromium compound according to claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , in Formula 1 claim 3 , R is [CH(CH)]CH—*(d being an integer of 0 to 20) and Rs are each independently an ethyl group claim 3 , an isopropyl group claim 3 , or an n-butyl group.6. The chromium compound according to claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , in Formula 1 claim 3 , R is an isopropyl group; Rs are an n-butyl group; Xs are Cl; and [AY] is [B(CF)].8. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system according to claim 7 , wherein claim 7 , in Formula 2 claim 7 , Ris an isobutyl group or an ethyl group.9. The ethylene oligomerization catalyst system according to claim 7 , wherein claim 7 , in Formula 1 claim 7 , R is an isopropyl group; and Rs are each independently an ethyl group claim 7 , an isopropyl group claim 7 , or an n-butyl group; Xs are Cl; and [AY] is [B(CF)].10. An ethylene oligomer preparation method claim 7 , comprising: selectively preparing at least one of 1-hexene and 1-octene by bringing the catalyst system according to into contact with an ethylene monomer. The present invention relates to a ...

CATALYST COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR OLIGOMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE TO PRODUCE 1-HEXENE AND/OR 1-OCTENE

The present invention relates to a catalyst composition and a process for the oligomerization of ethylene to produce 1-hexene or 1-octene, wherein the catalyst composition comprises a chromium compound; an NPNPN ligand of the formula (R) (R)N—P(R)—N(R)—P(R)—N(R)(R), wherein R, R, R, R, R, Rand Rare each independently hydrogen, halogen, amino, tri-methylsilyl or C-Chydrocarbyl, preferably straight-chain or branched C-Calkyl, phenyl, C-Caryl or C-Calkyl-substituted phenyl. 2. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromium compound comprises an organic salt claim 1 , an inorganic salt claim 1 , a coordination complex claim 1 , or an organometallic complex of Cr(II) or Cr(III).3. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromium compound comprises Cr(III)acetylacetonate claim 1 , Cr(III)octanoate claim 1 , CrCl(tetrahydrofuran) claim 1 , Cr(III)-2-ethylhexanoate claim 1 , chromium hexacarbonyl claim 1 , Cr(III)chloride claim 1 , benzene(tricarbonyl)-chromium claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.4. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare each independently hydrogen claim 1 , chloro claim 1 , methyl claim 1 , ethyl claim 1 , isopropyl claim 1 , tert-butyl claim 1 , n-hexyl claim 1 , or phenyl.5. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the activator or co-catalyst comprises trimethylaluminum claim 1 , triethylaluminum claim 1 , tri-isopropylaluminum claim 1 , tri-isobutylaluminum claim 1 , diethylaluminum chloride claim 1 , ethylaluminum sesquichloride claim 1 , ethylaluminum dichloride claim 1 , methylaluminoxane claim 1 , or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.7. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , further comprising a solvent.8. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the chromium compound is from about 0.01 to about 10 mmol/l.9. The catalyst composition of claim 1 , wherein the ...