СПОСОБ БЫСТРОГО КИСЛОТНОГО ГИДРОЛИЗА ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА И ГИДРОЛИЗНЫЙ РЕАКТОР

Изобретение относится к способу кислотного гидролиза лигноцеллюлозного материала, такого, как древесина, солома, овощи и т.д., для получения сахаров и лигнина, а также к гидролизному реактору для осуществления указанного способа. Непрерывный кислотный гидролиз осуществляют одновременной делигнификацией и осахариванием в одном реакционном цикле с использованием растворяющего лигнин органического растворителя и сильной неорганической кислоты с выделением высококонцентрированного сахара. При совмещении стадий осахаривания и делигнификации увеличивается выход сахара, уменьшается время процесса, применяется разбавленная кислота, уменьшаются затраты на оборудование. 2 с. и 16 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

ГИДРОЛИЗ И ФРАКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ БИОМАССЫ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к гидролизной промышленности и предназначено для отделения сахаров гемицеллюлозы от других компонентов биомассы. Способ предусматривает подачу твердой исходной биомассы или твердой частично фракционированной лигноцеллюлозной биомассы в по крайней мере один проточный реактор непрерывного действия со сжимающимся слоем. В реактор вводят разбавленную кислоту с рН 1-5. В нем осуществляют основную стадию процесса гидролиза при 140-220oС в течение 10-60 мин при объемной скорости потока кислоты 1 - 50 объемов реактора для поддержания постоянного соотношения твердой и жидкой фаз в ходе процесса для увеличения выхода сахаров гемицеллюлозы. Для гидролиза используют различные минеральные кислоты, в частности угольную кислоту. При необходимости проводят дополнительные стадии гидролиза. Используют реактор конической или цилиндрической формы или ряд реакторов с последовательно уменьшающейся емкостью, в которых перемещают биомассу из реактора большей емкости в реактор меньшей емкости ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОКИСЛЕННЫХ ЛИГНИНОВ

Изобретение относится к применению окисленных лигнинов в качестве компонента в композиции связующего, такой как водная композиция связующего для минеральных волокон. Применение окисленного лигнина, полученного способом получения окисленных лигнинов, включает приведение в контакт компонента (i), включающего один или несколько лигнинов, компонента (ii), включающего аммиак и/или его соль, компонента (iii), включающего один или несколько окислителей в форме пероксида водорода, органических или неорганических пероксидов, молекулярного кислорода, озона, галогенсодержащих окислителей или их любой смеси, в качестве компонента в водной композиции связующего для минеральных волокон. Технический результат изобретения заключается в получении дериватизированных лигнинов заявленным способом, которые имеют желательную реактивность и в то же время являются более огнестойкими при использовании в продуктах, в которые они входят в композиции связующего по сравнению с недериватизированными лигнинами, а также ...

Способ получения нативного коллагенового продукта

Изобретение относится к косметической и медицинской промышленности, а именно к способу получения коллагенового продукта, характеризующемуся тем, что шкуры щуки, толстолобика, карпа очищают от излишков соединительной ткани, промывают в водном растворе натриевой соли соляной кислоты (NaCl) c концентрацией 5% от массы шкур, после чего промывают в проточной воде и выдерживают сначала в водном растворе сухого порошка горчицы с концентрацией 10% от массы шкур в течение 10 минут, а затем в водном растворе гидрокарбоната натрия (NaHCO3) с концентрацией 2% от массы шкур в течение 15 минут, причем обработанные шкуры измельчают до частиц размером 5-10 мм, промывают в дистиллированной воде при температуре 3-8°С и выдерживают в водном растворе красителя Е-171 (TiO2 - диоксид титана) с концентрацией 10% от массы шкур в течение 1 часа, затем промывают в дистиллированной воде при температуре 3-8°С и выдерживают в водном растворе молочной кислоты (C3H6O3, CH3CH(OH)COOH) с концентрацией 1% от массы шкур ...

ЭЛЕКТРООСАЖДАЕМАЯ КАТИОННАЯ КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ПОКРЫТИЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩАЯ ЛИГНИН

Изобретение относится к катионной электроосаждаемой композиции покрытия. Катионная электроосаждаемая композиция покрытия содержит водную дисперсию, содержащую пленкообразующую смолу и отвердитель, в которой указанная пленкообразующая смола содержит лигнинсодержащую смолу в катионной солевой форме. Также изобретение относится к катионной электроосаждаемой композиции покрытия, содержащей водную дисперсию, содержащую пленкообразующую смолу и отвердитель, в которой указанная пленкообразующая смола содержит лигнин, который не прореагировал с монофункциональным соединением, в количестве, составляющем ≥5 мас.% от композиции покрытия относительно общего содержания твердого вещества смолы композиции покрытия. Изобретение также относится к способу получения электроосаждаемой катионной композиции покрытия, который включает (i) взаимодействие лигнина и эпихлоргидрина для образования промежуточного продукта реакции и последующее взаимодействие промежуточного продукта реакции с амином и (ii) взаимодействие ...

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ МОНОМЕРОВ ИЗ ЛИГНИНА В ПРОЦЕССЕ ДЕПОЛИМЕРИЗАЦИИ СОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗУ КОМПОЗИЦИИ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу получения мономеров, способу получения фрагментов ксилана, применению формальдегида и применению мономеров. Способ получения мономеров из лигнина путем деполимеризации включает стадии: a) обеспечения содержащей лигноцеллюлозу композиции, b) нагревания композиции со стадии а) в кислых условиях совместно с альдегидом, кетоном, бороновой кислотой или соединением, выбранным из 2-метоксипропена, диметилкарбоната и 2,2-диметоксипропана, c) отделения фрагментов лигнина от смеси, полученной на стадии b), d) превращения фрагментов лигнина, полученных на стадии с), в мономеры. Способ получения фрагментов ксилана путем деполимеризации включает стадии: a) обеспечения содержащей лигноцеллюлозу композиции, b) нагревания композиции со стадии а) в кислых условиях совместно с альдегидом, кетоном, бороновой кислотой или соединением, выбранным из 2-метоксипропена, диметилкарбоната и 2,2-диметоксипропана, и с') отделения фрагментов ксилана от смеси, полученной на стадии ...

СПОСОБ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ДРЕВЕСНОГО ВОЛОКНА

Волокно модифицированной древесины, обработанной ангидридом уксусной кислоты, пригодное для изготовления древесных продуктов, которое имеет влагосодержание от приблизительно 5 до приблизительно 8,5 мас.%. 2 н. и 7 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил., 2 табл.

КОМПОЗИЦИИ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЕ ЛИГНИН

Изобретение относится к композиции лигнина, которая может применяться при получении фенольных смол, фенолформальдегидных смол, древесностружечных плит или фанер. Композиция включает лигнин и по меньшей мере одно из меньше чем приблизительно 150 мг серы на кг указанного лигнина; или меньше чем приблизительно 525 мг железа на кг указанного лигнина; суммарно меньше чем приблизительно 2000 мг элементов на кг указанного лигнина. Указанные элементы представляют собой Al, As, В, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, V и Zn. Изобретение позволяет получать композицию лигнина, имеющую низкие содержания примесей. 4 н. и 14 з.п. ф-лы, 4 табл., 4 пр.

БЕЛОКСОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ПЕНОМАТЕРИАЛЫ, ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

Изобретение относится к полиуретановому пеноматериалу, способу получения полиуретанового пеноматериала, премиксу для получения полиуретанового материала и изделию, содержащему пеноматериал. Полиуретановый пеноматериал представляет собой продукт реакции смеси: (а) реагент на основе изоцианата; (b) необязательное реагирующее с изоцианатом соединение и белоксодержащую композицию, способную уменьшать плотность полиуретанового пеноматериала по меньшей мере на 5% относительно полиуретанового материала, полученного из той же самой смеси, но лишенного белоксодержащей композиции. Технический результат - получение возобновляемых, менее дорогостоящих и более благоприятных в отношении окружающей среды агентов, которые могут модулировать свойства пеноматериалов. 4 н. и 76 з.п. ф-лы, 11 табл., 19 ил., 14 пр.

СПОСОБ АЦЕТИЛИРОВАНИЯ ДЕРЕВЯННЫХ ДЕТАЛЕЙ

Изобретения могут быть использованы в области строительства. Способ ацетилирования элементов из древесины, включает стадии, где элементы (а)обрабатывают уксусным ангидридом при температуре 30-190°C при давлении от атмосферного до 15 бар изб. до 80 минут и затем (b) нагревают в инертном газе, который может быть смешан с уксусным ангидридом или смесью уксусного ангидрида и уксусной кислоты при температуре 130-145°C или 150-190°C при давлении 1-5 бар изб. в течение 5-300 минут. Полученные элементы из ацетилированной древесины в смеси с синтетической смолой в качестве связующего составляют композитный продукт из древесины. Изобретения позволяют получить композиты на основе древесины с длительным сроком службы, с повышенной атмосферостойкостью, с повышенной механической прочностью, обладающие гладкой поверхностью после смачивания или грунтовки. 2 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 10 табл., 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СУХОГО ГИДРОЛИЗНОГО ЛИГНИНА

Изобретение относится к способу подачи гидролизного лигнина на сушку, включающему в себя следующие стадии: укладку гидролизного лигнина с низким содержанием влаги в пределах 0-45% на рабочую поверхность механизма подачи; укладку гидролизного лигнина с высоким содержанием влаги в пределах 55-80% поверх гидролизного лигнина с низким содержанием влаги, избегая соприкосновения гидролизного лигнина с низким содержанием влаги с рабочей поверхностью механизма; при этом отношение гидролизного лигнина с высоким содержанием влаги к гидролизному лигнину с низким содержанием влаги составляет 1:6-10:1; и подачу гидролизного лигнина с низким содержанием влаги и гидролизного лигнина с высоким содержанием влаги в сушильное устройство. Изобретение также относится к взрыво- и пожаробезопасному способу сушки гидролизного лигнина с использованием газовоздушного теплообменника, включающему в себя следующие стадии: смешивание гидролизного лигнина с относительно высоким содержанием влаги в пределах 55-80% с гидролизным ...

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ МАТЕРИАЛА НА ОСНОВЕ ЛИГНИНА

Изобретение относится к способу обработки материала на основе лигнина. Способ включает обработку лигнина, извлеченного из лигноцеллюлозного сырья способом гидротермальной карбонизации при повышенной температуре, в результате чего получают карбонизированный лигнин с повышенным содержанием углерода, и стабилизацию полученного карбонизированного лигнина в инертной атмосфере при температуре проведения стабилизации, которая превышает температуру осуществления способа гидротермальной карбонизации. Процесс стабилизации включает повышение температуры от исходной температуры до температуры проведения стабилизации, которая составляет 300-600°С, выдерживание полученного карбонизированного лигнина при температуре проведения стабилизации в течение 10 минут - 10 часов и превращение полученного карбонизированного лигнина в устойчивую стабилизированную форму. Обеспечивается получение более глубоко очищенного продукта. 16 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 1 табл., 2 пр.

Способ получения коллагенового продукта

Изобретение относится к перерабатывающей и косметической промышленности, а именно к способу получения коллагенового продукта, характеризующемуся тем, что принимают шкуры пресноводных рыб, таких как толстолобик, карп, белый амур, сазан, очищают их ручным или машинным способом от чешуи, прирезей мышечной ткани, плавников и механических загрязнений, промывают в машинах барабанного типа в растворе хозяйственного мыла в течение 30 мин, а затем в воде - до отсутствия остатков мыла, промытые шкуры подвергают перекисно-щелочной обработке, для чего шкуры заливают смесью пероксида водорода с массовой концентрацией 3% и гидроксида натрия с массовой концентрацией 3% и выдерживают в течение 1,5-2 часов при температуре 20-25°С и гидромодуле 1:4, обработанные таким образом шкуры промывают в проточной воде при температуре 8-12°С в течение 10-15 мин, затем шкуры заливают раствором лимонной кислоты с массовой концентрацией 6% и выдерживают в течение 6 суток, полученную массу гомогенизируют, упаковывают в ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЗАГУЩЕННЫХ ПОЛИМОЧЕВИНОЙ КОНСИСТЕНТНЫХ СМАЗОК НА ОСНОВЕ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ ЛИГНИНА, КОНСИСТЕНТНЫЕ СМАЗКИ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

Изобретение относится к способу получения консистентных смазок на основе производных лигнина, загущенных полимочевинным загустителем, к полученным таким способом консистентным смазкам и к применению таких консистентных смазок для смазывания, по меньшей мере, шарнира равных угловых скоростей, в частности гомокинетических шарнирных валов, коробки передач или подшипников качения и скольжения, в частности уплотненных подшипников качения. Способ заключается в смешивании аминного компонента с изоцианатным компонентом в первом базовом масле и проведение реакции этих компонентов с получением полимочевинного загустителя; затем проводится нагревание до температуры, превышающей 120С, с получением содержащей по меньшей мере полимочевинный загуститель основы смазки, включающей по меньшей мере первое базовое масло; и охлаждение основы смазки. Получаемая данным способом консистентная смазка содержит: от 55 масс. % до 92 масс. % базового масла; от 5 масс. % до 20 масс. % полимочевинного загустителя и от ...

ПОЛИМЕРИЗОВАННЫЕ МАСЛА И СПОСОБЫ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к полимеризованным маслам и к способам полимеризации масел и их смешиванию с асфальтом для улучшения характеристик природного асфальта и/или дорожных покрытий, содержащих произведенный из вторичного сырья и старый битумный материал. Предложено полимеризованное биовозобновляемое масло, полученное из исходного масляного материала, представляющего собой растительное масло, с содержанием олигомеров от 2 мас.% до 80 мас.%, с коэффициентом полидисперсности в диапазоне от 1,30 до 2,20 и содержанием серы в диапазоне от 0,001 мас.% до 8 мас.% Также предложены модифицированный асфальт, обновитель для использования в асфальте, способ полимеризации биовозобновляемого масла, а также способы введения полимеризованного биовозобновляемого масла в асфальтовое покрытие, кровельные материалы и материалы для нанесения покрытий. Технический результат – улучшение характеристик асфальта, включающее расширение приемлемого температурного интервала (UTI) асфальта, обновление старого асфальта ...

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение относится к области биотехнологии, а именно к переработке биомассы. Предложен способ повышения доступности углеводов, содержащихся в исходном материале биомассы. Путем нарезания, растирания, раздавливания, дробления или рубки уменьшают размер исходного материала биомассы, содержащего полисахариды, выбранные из целлюлозы, пектина, гемицеллюлозы и их смесей. Получают исходную биомассу, содержащую менее 5% воды. Облучают исходную биомассу электронным пучком при уровне дозы от 1 до 10 Мрад/с и мощности от 1 до 500 кВт с получением первого обработанного материала биомассы. Охлаждают и снова облучают первый обработанный материал биомассы пучком электронов при уровне дозы от 1 до 10 Мрад/с и мощности от 1 до 500 кВт. Получают второй обработанный материал биомассы со среднечисленной молекулярной массой от 3000 до 50000 Дальтон и увеличенной доступностью углеводов. Изобретение позволяет получать материал, имеющий доступность питательных элементов, превышающую доступность питательных ...

СТАБИЛЬНЫЕ ВОДНЫЕ СОСТАВЫ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЯ ЦИКЛОДЕКСТРИНОВ, СОЕДИНЕНИЯ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЯ α-, β- или γ- ЦИКЛОДЕКСТРИНА ИЛИ ЕГО АЛКИЛ- ИЛИ ГИДРОКСИАЛКИЛПРОИЗВОДНЫХ И (6R)- ИЛИ (6S)-5,10-МЕТИЛЕНТЕТРАГИДРОФОЛИЕВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ИЛИ ЕЕ СОЛИ, СПОСОБ СТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ ВОДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ И СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СТАБИЛЬНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ

Стабильные водные составы соединений включения циклодекстринов содержат a) (6R)-, (6S)- или (6R,S)-5,10- метилентетрагидрофолиевую кислоту или соль 6R)-, (6S)- или (6R,S)-5,10- метилентетрагидрофолиевой кислоты, б) α-,β- или γ-циклодекстрин или алкил или гидроксиалкил-производные α-,β- или γ-циклодекстрина или в) смесь α-,β- или γ-циклодекстрина или алкил- или гидроксиалкилпроизводных α-,β- или γ-циклодекстрина, или смесь α-,β- или γ-циклодекстрина с алкил- или гидроксиалкилпроизводным α-,β- или γ-циклодекстрина. При этом оказалось, что указанные соединения включения более стабильны, чем сама 5,10-тетрагидрофолиевая кислота. Эти соединения стабильны в водном растворе и пригодны для получения парентеральных лекарственных средств. 5 с. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 5 табл.

РЕЗИНОВАЯ СМЕСЬ

Изобретение относится к резиновой промышленности, в частности к производству резиновых смесей, используемых для изготовления изделий различного целевого назначения, например пластин для акустических покрытий. Резиновая смесь включает следующие компоненты, мас.ч (на 100 ч. массы каучука): каучук синтетический бутадиен-стирольный марки ДССК-18 - 70,00; каучук цис-изопреновый марки СКИ-3 - 30,00; ацетонанил-Р - 2,00; сера - 2,00; 2,2'-дибензтиазол-дисульфид - 0,80; дифенилгуанидин - 0,80; белила цинковые - 5,00; стеарин - 1,00; смола стирольно-инденовая - 7,00; канифоль - 3,00; технический углерод П-514 - 26,60; технический углерод П-803 - 40,00; фактис - 15,00. Технический результат состоит в улучшении физико-механических показателей при достаточной прочности резиновой смеси. 1 табл.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БЕТУЛИНА ИЗ БЕРЕЗОВОЙ КОРЫ

Изобретение относится к способам выделения ценных химических продуктов из отходов переработки и могут быть использованы в промышленности, например в медицинской, косметической. Способ характеризуется тем, что березовую кору измельчают, заливают 1-бутанолом и выдерживают в течение 1-12 или 2-48 часов при 20-120°С, проводят экстракцию 1-бутанолом, причем могут проводить и экстракцию бересты, в соотношении 1:1 до 1:10, фильтруют раствор, отгоняют растворитель, остаток выдерживают 2-16 часов при 5-15°С, кристаллы бетулина фильтруют, отжимают на фильтре, промывают водой и Изобретение позволяет улучшить качество целевого продукта. 3 з.п. ф-лы.

СПОСОБ ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ КОЛЛАГЕНОВОГО ПОРОШКА МЕДИЦИНСКОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ ИЗ КОЖИ ЖИВОТНЫХ

Настоящее изобретение относится к области медицины и раскрывает способ производства коллагенового порошка медицинского назначения из кожи животных, включающий механическое освобождение жирных остатков из коллагенового сырья, его промывку, обработку коллагенового сырья щелочным элементом, обработку сырья кислотой и последующую промывку водой, отжим и промывание материала водой, удаление воды из полученного матричного продукта и сушку матрицы в растянутой форме для получения мембраны, при этом в качестве исходного сырья используют кожу кролика, а полученную в результате обработки мембрану, после сушки шлифуют с двух сторон, после чего подвергают шоковой заморозке в жидком азоте, затем, в замороженном состоянии, измельчают в мельнице, а полученный коллагеновый порошок стерилизуют альфа излучением. Техническим результатом настоящего изобретения является гипоаллергенность и хорошая приживляемость получаемого коллагенового порошка. 1 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОЛОКНИСТОГО ПОРИСТОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Способ касается получения волокнистого пористого материала, который может быть использован при изготовлении обуви, кожгалантерейных изделий и обивочных материалов. Способ включает приготовление коллагеновой дисперсии, состоящей из коллагенсодержащих отходов кожевенного производства, латекса и воды. В качестве отходов кожевенного производства используют кожевенный порошок и продукты растворения коллагена при определенном соотношении компонентов. Затем осуществляют замораживание полученной дисперсии с последующим ее размораживанием и сушкой полученного материала. Способ позволяет получить волокнистый пористый материал с высокими физико-механическими свойствами. 2 табл.

КОМПОЗИЦИИ ПОПЕРЕЧНО - СШИТОЙ КРАФТ-ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ И СПОСОБ

Целлюлозные массы в соответствии с определенными вариантами осуществления содержат волокна поперечно-сшитой целлюлозы и имеют высокую степень белизны, химическую активность и собственную вязкость, и по этой причине могут быть хорошо пригодными для использования в качестве предшественников при получении малоокрашенных, имеющих высокую вязкость производных целлюлозы. Способ получения целлюлозной массы включает формирование целлюлозной массы из целлюлозных исходных материалов; отбеливание целлюлозной массы; поперечную сшивку волокон целлюлозы в целлюлозной массе с использованием для поперечной сшивки полиэпоксидного агента в то время, как целлюлозная масса имеет консистентность, равную или большую чем 12%; и сушку целлюлозной массы после отбеливания целлюлозной массы и после поперечной сшивки волокон целлюлозы, при этом высушенная целлюлозная масса имеет вязкость получаемой в результате карбоксиметилцеллюлозы, равную или большую чем 60 сП. Поперечная сшивка волокон целлюлозы может включать ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОРОШКОВОЙ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ

Изобретение относится к получению порошковой целлюлозы из целлюлозных материалов. Способ включает деструкцию целлюлозного материала путем воздействия на него раствора кислоты Льюиса с применением органического растворителя при перемешивании. Процесс деструкции осуществляют при низкой концентрации раствора кислоты Льюиса с применением минимального количества органического растворителя. Продукт отмывают и сушат. В качестве целлюлозного материала используют различные виды лигноцеллюлозных материалов, получаемых из древесных полуфабрикатов в процессе их переработки на целлюлозно-бумажных предприятиях, солому злаковых культур, макулатурное сырье. Полученная порошковая целлюлоза обладает повышенной химической реакционной способностью и может быть использована в аналитической химии, косметической и фармацевтической промышленности, для модификации целлюлозных и лигноцеллюлозных материалов и при получении их производных для специальных целей. 2 табл., 4 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КОЛЛАГЕНСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Сущность изобретения: дубленые отходы кожевенного производства измельчают, смешивают их с жидким компонентом, вводят в полученную суспензию связующую добавку и смешивающий агент до образования коллагенсодержащей смеси, замораживают смесь путем отвода тепла при значении числа Био не менее 0,2, выдерживают замороженную смесь с сохранением в ней жидких микрофаз в течение не менее 20 мин. 3 ил.

СПОСОБ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ИСКУССТВЕННОЙ КОЖИ

Сущность изобретения: отходы натуральной кожи измельчают, увлажняют и равномерным слоем раскладывают на покрытии с ячеистой структурой, наносят слой связующего и слой мелкодисперсного ферромагнитного порошка, воздействуют на сформованные слои постоянным и импульсным магнитным или электромагнитным полем, прессуют полученный слой и проводят термообработку. Воздействие полем заканчивают после выхода ферромагнитного порошка на основание покрытия. На увлажненный слой измельченной кожи можно наложить слой ворса.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГУМИНОВЫХ КИСЛОТ

Использование: в углехимии, в частности в производстве гуминовых кислот. Сущность изобретения: способ предусматривает окисление каменного угля с размером частиц до 3 мм кислородом или кислород-азотной смесью в газовой фазе в реакторе с псевдоожиженным слоем при температуре 150 300°С, парциальном давлении вводимого кислорода 0,7-5кг/см2 общем давлении не выше 40кг/см2 и времени контакта 30 600 мин. Выходящие из реактора газы рециркулируют в реактор после охлаждения до 50 100°С, предпочтительно в количестве 5 99% от общего объема отработанного газа. 5 з. п. ф-лы, 2 ил. 5 табл.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛИСТОВОГО КРИОСТРУКТУРИРОВАННОГО КОЛЛАГЕНСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ГУБЧАТОГО МАТЕРИАЛА И ЛИСТОВЫЕ КРИОСТРУКТУРИРОВАННЫЕ КОЛЛАГЕНСОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ГУБЧАТЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Использование: для получения материалов медицинского назначения, в частности перевязочных материалов и фильтрующих материалов для фильтрования жидкостей и газов. Сущность изобретения: промытое измельченное коллагенсодержащее сырье животного происхождения подвергают щелочно-солевой обработке водным раствором, содержащим 5-9 мас.% NaOH и 9-11 мас.% Na2SO4, при жидкостном модуле обработки, равном 2-5, в течение 24-48 час, после промывки водой коллагенсодержащее сырье дополнительно подвергают выдержке в 0,5-1,5 М водном растворе кислоты при жидкостном модуле обработки, равном 1,5-3, с последующей промывкой водой и разволокнением коллагенсодержащего сырья в водной среде, затем получают гомогенную пасту коллагена с рН 3-5,5 при обработке волокнистой массы водным 0,5-3%-ным раствором щелочи при массовом соотношении волокнистой массы к водному 0,5-3%-ному раствору щелочи, равном от 1:0,5 до 1:2,5, с последующим доведением рН до 3-5,5 добавлением кислоты, вводят физиологически приемлемый сшивающий ...

Способ выделения ксилозы и лигнина из жидкостей с примесью сахаров

Изобретение относится к комплексной переработке биомассы. Предложен способ выделения ксилозы и лигнина из водного сахарного раствора при комплексном использовании биомассы. Причем водный сахарный раствор содержит от 20 до 30% сахарного компонента. При этом моносахариды составляют от 5 до 15% сахарного компонента, а полисахариды составляют от 85 до 95% сахарного компонента. Причем кроме моносахаридов и полисахаридов раствор на 60-70% состоит из лигнина и растворимых солей. На этапе гидролиза предложенного способа водный сахарный раствор и растворитель помещают в реакционную камеру, добавляют кислотный катализатор и проводят реакцию гидролиза. При этом реакция гидролиза проходит от 1 до 5 часов при температуре от 90 до 120°С. При этом растворитель, используемый на этапе гидролиза, содержит один или два и более следующих компонентов: метилизобутилкетон, н-бутиловый спирт, толуол и изофорон, а кислотный катализатор содержит одно или два и более следующих веществ: серная кислота, соляная кислота ...

СПОСОБ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ОТХОДОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ЖИВОТНЫЕ БЕЛКИ, И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к утилизации отходов, содержащих животные белки. Для утилизации отходов, содержащих животные белки, смешивают отходы, воду и щелочь в соотношении 1:(1,8-2,0):(0,09-0,46), приготовленную смесь подвергают водно-термической обработке при температуре 120-180°С в течение 25-90 мин с получением жидкого гидролизата. В зависимости от соотношения параметров процесса получают смесь аминокислот, или их смесь с низкомолекулярными белками, или низкомолекулярные белки. Предложено устройство для реализации данного способа, которое содержит реактор 1 с герметично закрывающейся крышкой 6, который связан двумя трубопроводами 8 и 9 с расположенным над ним расширителем-холодильником 2, декантатор 15 с фильтром 4, приемник 5 продуктов утилизации и адсорбер 17. 2 н. и 10 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

КОЖЕПОДОБНЫЙ МАКРОПОРИСТЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ И СПОСОБ ЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ

Кожеподобный материал и способ его получения относятся к макропористым коллагенсодержащим материалам, а именно к материалам, получаемым путем переработки коллагенсодержащих дисперсий, обладающих комплексом физико-механических и гигиенических свойств, обычно присущих коже, вырабатываемой из шкур животных, и могут быть использованы в кожевенной промышленности. Кожеподобный макропористый материал содержит коллаген, дубленые кожевенные волокна и полимер, обладающий свойствами соединять коллагеновые волокна в единую структуру при его доле по отношению к суммарному количеству коллагена и кожевенных волокон в интервале от 3 до 30 мас.%. Способ изготовления кожеподобного макропористого материала предусматривает его получение замораживанием, последующую сушку под вакуумом до остаточной влажности не более 12%, выдержку при комнатной температуре в течение суток, обработку водной полимерной дисперсией, обеспечивающей соединение коллагеновых волокон в единую структуру, и дополнительную сушку под вакуумом ...

Способ модификации сульфатного лигнина

Изобретение относится к способам модификации сульфатного лигнина. Предложен способ модификации сульфатного лигнина путем предварительного синтеза ацетилнитрата из концентрированной азотной кислоты и уксусного ангидрида с получением раствора ацетилнитрата в уксусной кислоте, приготовления диоксанового раствора сульфатного лигнина, смешения полученных растворов и выдержки реакционной смеси при перемешивании с последующим выделением модифицированного сульфатного лигнина. Технический результат – предложенный способ позволяет повысить эффективность получения нитропроизводных ацетилированного сульфатного лигнина. 2 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 10 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БЕТУЛИНА

Изобретение относится к переработке древесины. Проводят измельчение березовой коры, разделение ее на бересту и луб, экстракцию бересты, отделение раствора с последующим удалением из него растворителя. Экстракцию бересты осуществляют толуолом в течение 1,5÷3,0 часов при температуре 90÷110oС, фильтруют раствор при температуре 40÷50oС. Раствор бетулина в толуоле охлаждают в течение 6÷10 часов до температуры 15÷5oС. Затем выпавшие кристаллы бетулина перемешивают с маточным раствором, фильтруют, промывают чистым толуолом, фильтруют и сушат. Промывают спиртом этиловым или изопропиловым, затем водой и сушат. Изобретение позволяет повысить выход и качество продукта.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ КОЛЛАГЕНСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Сущность изобретения: из недубленых кожевенных отходов приготавливают коллагеновый раствор, из дубленых кожевенных отходов - пасту с размером частиц твердого вещества 0,2-0,6 мм. Раствор и пасту смешивают в течение 1-5 ч при температуре не выше 15°С до получения однородной массы, имеющей 0,1-2 мас. % недубленого коллагена, 0,3-10 мас.% дубленого коллагена и рН 2,6-5,0. Массу фильтруют до размера входящих в нее частиц 0,2-0,6 мм, охлаждают до температуры 0-5°С, добавляют сшивающий агент в количестве 0,15-7,0 мас.% и гомогенизируют полученную смесь при температуре не выше 5°С. Производят замораживание, при котором температуру смеси снижают от минус 14 до минус 75°С в течение 0,1-2,0 ч и выдерживают в замороженном состоянии при температуре от минус 2 до минус 20°С в течение 4-24 ч. Далее производят размораживание и выдержку полученного полимерного материала на воздухе при комнатной температуре во влажном состоянии без нагрузки в течение 6-12 ч, нагрев до 85-105°С, охлаждение до комнатной температуры ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БЕЛКОВОГО ГИДРОЛИЗАТА

Способ получения белкового гидролизата, включающий промывку сырьевых отходов и щелочно-пероксидную обработку в водном растворе гидроксида натрия и пероксида водорода, отличающийся тем, что щелочно-пероксидную обработку ведут при расходе гидроксида натрия и пероксида водорода 2,0-3,0% и 1,6-1,8% от массы отходов соответственно, после чего дополнительно производят гидролиз отходов ферментным препаратом Савиназа, полученным из генетически модифицированной культуры Bacillus, в присутствии сульфата аммония при их расходе соответственно 0,2-2,0% и 1,3-1,5% от массы отходов.

ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫЕ И ЛИГНОЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНЫЕ СТРУКТУРНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И СПОСОБЫ, И СИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ТАКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

Способы обработки древесины и продуктов из древесины включают облучение древесины, имеющей первую молекулярную массу, ионизирующим излучением, чтобы обеспечить увеличение молекулярной массы целлюлозного компонента древесины до второй относительно более высокой молекулярной массы, введение в облученную древесину жидкости, включающей лигнин, с получением комбинации древесина/лигнин, и облучение комбинации древесина/лигнин с получением древесины, включающей сшитый лигнин. 2 н. и 32 з.п. ф-лы, 16 ил., 7 табл.

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ МАТЕРИАЛА НА ОСНОВЕ ЛИГНИНА

ПОЛИМЕР ЖЕЛАТИНА, ПОЛУЧЕННЫЙ ИЗ МОРСКИХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ, АДАПТИРОВАННЫХ К ХОЛОДУ, И ЕГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ

Способ и устройство для разделения фракции частиц лигноцеллюлозы и фракции частиц лигнина, композиция частиц лигнина, композиция частиц лигноцеллюлозы и их применение

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРЕВРАЩЕНИЯ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА В ЭТАНОЛ

... 1. Способ превращения целлюлозного материала в этанол и другие продукты, причем целлюлозный материал содержит по меньшей мере целлюлозу, лигнин, гемицеллюлозу и золу, в котором целлюлозный материал очищают и подвергают непрерывной гидротермической предварительной обработке без добавления кислот или оснований, или других химических реактивов, которые требуется извлекать, причем получают жидкость и фракцию волокон, фракцию волокон подвергают ферментативному размягчению и осахариванию, причем способ включает ферментацию с получением этанола и извлечение продукта, где способ включает: ! осуществление гидротермической предварительной обработки, подвергая целлюлозный материал по меньшей мере одной операции вымачивания, и проведение целлюлозного материала через по меньшей мере один реактор высокого давления, задающий зону высокого давления реактора, работающую при повышенном давлении; целлюлозный материал нагревают до температуры от 170 до 230°С, и проводят по меньшей мере одну операцию отжима ...

КОМПОЗИЦИЯ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛИСТОВОГО КРИОСТРУКТУРИРОВАННОГО КОЛЛАГЕНОВОГО КОЖЕПОДОБНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Предложена композиция для получения криоструктурированного кожеподобного материала в виде листа из отходов дубленой и недубленой кожи с применением в качестве сшивающего агента аминоальдегидной смолы или карбоксилсодержащего сополимера заданной формулы при установленном соотношении компонентов.

РЕЗИНОВАЯ СМЕСЬ

Резиновая смесь, характеризующаяся тем, что включает при следующем соотношении компонентов, мас.ч. (на 100 ч. массы каучука): Каучук синтетический бутадиен-стирольный марки-ДССК-18 70,00 Натуральный каучук 30,00 Сера 2,00 Нафтам-2 1,00 2,2’-дибензтиазол-дисульфид 0,80 Дифенилгуанидин 0,80 Белила цинковые 5,00 Стеарин 1,00 Смола стирольно-инденовая 7,00 Канифоль 3,00 Технический углерод П-514 20,00 Технический углерод П-803 40,00 Фактис 10,00 ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ СЕПАРАЦИИ ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ/ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ БИОМАССЫ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЙ СЕПАРАЦИЮ ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦ/ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ

... 1. Сепарационный модуль для сепарации твердых частиц/текучей среды для сепарации массы текучей среды, находящейся под давлением и содержащей твердые частицы, содержащий:сборную выдерживающую давление камеру и по меньшей мере один фильтрующий узел для отделения текучей среды от массы, находящейся под давлением, и направления текучей среды в сборную камеру;фильтрующий узел, образующий центральное отверстие, герметично изолированное от сборной камеры, для размещения массы, находящейся под давлением, и содержащий фильтровальный пакет, состоящий из фильтровальной пластины, содержащей сквозную прорезь фильтра, проходящую от центрального отверстия в фильтровальную пластину для направления текучей среды от центрального отверстия, и опорную пластину для направления текучей среды, собранной в прорези фильтра, в сборную камеру.2. Сепарационный модуль по п.1, отличающийся тем, что фильтровальная пластина содержит множество прорезей фильтра.3. Сепарационный модуль по п.1, отличающийся тем, что фильтрующий ...

РЕЗИНОВАЯ СМЕСЬ

Резиновая смесь, характеризующаяся тем, что включает при следующем соотношении компонентов мас. ч. (на 100 ч. массы каучука): Каучук синтетический бутадиен-стирольный марки-ДССК-18 70,00 Каучук цис-изопреновый марки СКИ-3 30,00 Ацетонанил-Р 2,00 Сера 2,00 2,2'-дибензтиазол-дисульфид 0,80 Дифенилгуанидин 0,80 Белила цинковые 5,00 Стеарин 1,00 Смола стирольно-инденовая 7,00 Канифоль 3,00 Технический углерод П-514 26,60 Технический углерод П-803 40,00 Фактис 15,00 ...

Рекомбинантные желатины

... 1. Композиция, включающая рекомбинантный желатин. 2. Рекомбинантный желатин, имеющий молекулярный вес, выбранный из группы, состоящей из около 5 кДа, около 8 кДа, около 9 кДа, около 14 кДа, около 16 кДа, около 22 кДа, около 23 кДа, около 36 кДа, около 44 кДа и около 65 кДа. 3. Рекомбинантный желатин, имеющий молекулярный вес, в диапазоне, выбранном из группы, состоящей из около 0-50 кДа, около 10-30 кДа, около 30-50 кДа, около 10-70 кДа, около 50-70 кДа, около 50-100 кДа, около 100-150 кДа, около 150-200 кДа, около 200-250 кДа, около 250-300 кДа и около 300-350 кДа. 4. Рекомбинантный желатин, имеющий молекулярный вес выше, чем 300 кДа. 5. Рекомбинантный желатин, имеющий прочность по Блуму, выбранную из группы, состоящей из 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 и 300. 6. Рекомбинантный желатин, имеющий прочность по Блуму между 0 и 100. 7. Композиция по п.1, где рекомбинантный желатин является частично гидроксилированным. 8. Композиция по п.1, где рекомбинантный желатин имеет процент гидроксилирования, ...

СПОСОБ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО АЦЕТИЛИРОВАНИЯ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ИЗ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ЛИГНИН ПОЛИМЕРОВ, ЛИГНИН-СОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ПОЛИМЕРЫ

Сущность изобретения: полимеры, которые содержат лигнин и органические соединения, получают тем, что лигнин полимеризуют с органическими соединениями, которые содержат по меньшей мере 3 атома углерода, а также кислород-, азотсодержащую функцию и/или связи, отличные от простой в присутствии радикально оксиляющих ферментов и окислителей, которые образуют их субстраты.

Водное фракционирование биомассы, основанное на новых видах кинетики углеводородного гидролиза

... 1. Многофункциональный способ гидролиза и фракционирования лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, проводимого с целью отделения лигноцеллюлозных сахаров от других компонентов биомассы, содержащей экстрактивные вещества и протеины, часть растворенного лигнина, целлюлозу, глюкозу, полученную из целлюлозы, и растворимый лигнин из указанной биомассы, отличающийся тем, что предусматривает: а) введение в реактор или твердой свежей биомассы, или частично фракционированного материала из лигноцеллюлозной биомассы, содержащих захваченную ими воду или кислоту при рН<5,0, и нагрев до температуры от приблизительно 185°С до приблизительно 205°С; б) обеспечение возможности протекания реакции до точки, в которой приблизительно 60% гемицеллюлозы гидролизовалось, в случае только воды в течение приблизительно 6-10 мин или в случае, когда присутствует кислота, в течение приблизительно 5-10 мин для полного растворения; в) добавление разбавленной кислой жидкости при рН ниже приблизительно 5,0 при температуре с верхним пределом ...

ВОЛОКНО МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОЙ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ, ОБРАБОТАННОЙ АНГИДРИДОМ УКСУСНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

ПЕРЕРАБОТКА БИОМАССЫ

... 1. Способ изготовления корма для животных, включающийизменение молекулярной структуры полисахаридов биомассы, содержащей полисахариды в форме целлюлозы, гемицеллюлозы или крахмала, путем воздействия на биомассу излучением дозой по меньшей мере 5,0 Мрад, используя пучок электронов, работающий при мощности по меньшей мере 5 кВт, для получения пищевого материала, включающего материал, имеющий среднечисленную молекулярную массу от приблизительно 3000 до 50000 Дальтон, имеющего доступность питательных веществ по белку или аминокислоте, превышающую доступность питательных веществ по белку или аминокислоте биомассы,при этом доступность питательных веществ определяют путем скармливания равных количеств указанного пищевого материала и биомассы по меньшей мере двум различным группам, состоящим из одного или нескольких животных, и сравнения потерь с экскрементами белка или аминокислоты для этих двух групп;уплотнение пищевого материала с получением корма для животных; ипредоставление пищевого материала ...

КОМПОЗИЦИИ ПОПЕРЕЧНО СШИТОЙ КРАФТ-ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ И СПОСОБ

НОВЫЕ БИОПОЛИМЕРЫ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫЕ ОБЛУЧЕНИЕМ В ТВЕРДОЙ ФАЗЕ В АТМОСФЕРЕ НЕНАСЫЩЕННЫХ ГАЗОВ

... 1. Способ модификации встречающегося в природе биосовместимого биополимера, где указанный способ включает обработку указанного биополимера в твердом или сухом состоянии источником ионизирующего излучения в присутствии опосредствующего газа и отжиг полученного продукта в отсутствии кислорода при температуре от около 40° до 120°C, с последующим удалением всего оставшегося опосредствующего газа. 2. Способ по п.1, где источником ионизирующего излучения является радиоактивный изотоп, излучающий γ-лучи, рентгеновские лучи или излучение высокой энергии, создаваемое ускорителем электронов. 3. Способ по п.2, где доза ионизирующего излучения, которой обрабатывают биополимер, составляет от около 1 до 50 кГр. 4. Способ по п.2, где радиоактивным изотопом является60Со. 5. Способ по п.2, где источником излучения служит электронный генератор мощностью от 250 КэВ до 10 МэВ. 6. Способ по п.1, где опосредствующим газом является незамещенный алкеновый или алкиновый газ, которым является этилен, пропилен или ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОРИСТОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

... 1. Способ получения пористого материала, включающий: образование дисперсной системы, содержащей жидкую дисперсионную среду, способную к кристаллизации, и дисперсную фазу, включающую латекс и коллагенсодержащие отходы кожевенного производства; замораживание образованной дисперсной системы при температуре, достаточной для ее структурирования; последующее формование структурированной дисперсной системы и ее замораживание до полного отверждения дисперсной системы, которая после размораживания и сушки представляет собой целевой продукт заданной формы, отличающийся тем, что при образовании дисперсной системы используют названные коллагенсодержащие отходы, дополнительно предварительно подвергнутые титрованию щелочью до рН 10-12, при этом перед замораживанием, обеспечивающим структурирование, дисперсную систему охлаждают до температуры, равной 2 - 4oС, а в процессе этого последующего замораживания осуществляют насыщение воздухом дисперсной системы до изменения средней концентрации дисперсной фазы ...

Способ изготовления ганалита

CПOCOБ ПOЛУЧEHИЯ KATИOHИTA

Вяжущее для дорожных покрытий

Композиция для крепления ферритовых сердечников

Способ получения белкового сорбента

Изобретение относится к области химии полимеров и может быть использовано в аффинной хроматографии и разделительной ионообменной хроматографии. Изобретение позволяет создать белковый сорбент на основе кератинсодержащего сырья, обладающий емкостью по ионам ртути 176- 196 мг/r сорбента, что достигается обработкой кератинсодержащего сырья (ОСТ 10-02-01-06-87) до растворения гидросульфита натрия в водной среде в присутствии 5,5 ±0,2% сульфанола от массы и высаживанием частиц сорбента при диспергировании в осадительную смесь, состоящую из этилового спирта или ацетона и концентрированной соляной кислоты, взятых в объемном соотношении (3-5): 1.

Способ получения растворимых в воде продуктов распада кератина

Способ получения пластических масс

Детский пластилин

Способ получения желирующих продуктов из морских водорослей

Способ получения лигносульфоновой кислоты

Способ обработки текстильных материалов

Способ очистки сульфитных щелоков или сульфитно-спиртовой барды от органических веществ

Способ получения анионитов

Способ приготовления синтетической смолы из антраценового масла

Способ получения ионообменных сорбентов

Способ получения полимерного натрийбензилалана

Способ получения лигнинфурфурольной смолы

Гидроизоляционная мастика

PROCESS FOR CHEMICAL DEFIBRATING LEATHER BOARD CUTTING

PROCESS FOR PREPARATION PROTEIN TANNING LIQUOR FOR NATURAL LEATHER

Способ получения фактиса

Изобретение относится к способу получения фактиса и может быть использовано при изготовлении лаковых покрытий по бетону, гипсу и другим строительным материалам, для лакирования резиновой обуви, при изготовлении резинотехнических изделий и искусственной кожи. Изобретение позволяет снизить температуру (на 10-30 0) и сократить продолжительность (на 8-10 ч) процесса, повысить качество фактиса (снизить аодержание свободной серы до 0,3-0,8%, ацетонового экстракта до.. 10-15%). Способ получения фактиса осуществляют путем взаимодействия при нагревания подсолнечного масла в присутствии серы и 0,3-0,5 мас.% катализатора на основе смолообразных отходов производства морфолина с температурой кипения f10-130 0 и 10-50 мас.% модифицирующей добавки - смеси высококипящих побочных продуктов производства диме- тилвинилкарбинола на основе терпе- ноидов с йодным числом 42-50 мг Ij/lOO г. I табл. es ю со 00 N5 ...

Биополимерная композиция

Композиция для получения волокнисто-пористого материала

Использование искусственные волокнисто-пористые материалы Сущность изобретения: композиция содержит следующие компоненты мае ч: продукт растворения 4.5 - 5.0 мае ч. коллагена в 100 мае ч 0,1 М водного раствора 0-фосфорной кислоты 25.0 - 50.0; глутаровый альдегид 0,7 - 1.0; вода 5625 - 37,5; отходы дубленых кож 12.5 - 18.75 1 табл ...

Способ получения биологически активны полифенолов из прополиса

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СУРРОГАТА РЕЗИНЫ

Способ получения белкового поверхностно-активного вещества для кож

Изобретение касается поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ), в частности белкового (Б-ПАВ), используемого для кож в легкой промышленности. Улучшение качества В-ПАВ и повышение их растворимости, смачивающей . способности и придание им протеолити-. ческой активности достигается проведением термической обработки обеззо- ленных кожевенных отходов кожевенного производства в присутствии другого гидролизующего реагента - отхода мыловаренного производства, взятого в количестве 40-80Z от массы кожепеп- ных отходов. Последние содержат, мас.%: натриевые мыла предельных и непредельных жирных кислот фракции - С , гидроксид натрия 2-4, - остальное. Б-ПАВ обладают фер- метативньми свойстваьш и широкой гаммой свойств. Позволяющих увеличить прочность кожи, уплотнить лицевой слой, изменить эластичные свойства кожи. Кроме того, дифильный характер Б-ПАВ положительно сказывается как на сохранении гигиеничности, так и на снижении водопроницаемости кожи. 1 табл. t,. схэ СП с j: со «./i ...

Способ получения привитых сополимеров

Способ использования отходов галалита

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАЛАЛИТА

Теплоизоляционная масса

Способ получения белкового гидролизата

Сущность изобретения: белковый гид- ролизат получают термической обработкой дубленых отходов кожевенного производства в присутствии отхода щелочной очистки дизельного топлива в количестве 170-250% от массы кожевенного сырья, следующего состава, мас.%: дизельное топливо 1-10; нафтенаты натрия 1-20; гидроксид натрия 0.1-2,1 и вода остальное. Обработку осуществляют в присутствии свободной щелочи в количестве 7-10% от массы кожевенных отходов . 1 табл.

Способ получения белкового гидролизата

Сущность изобретения: белковый гид- ролизат получают обработкой гольевых отходов кожевенного производства в присутствии отхода щелочной очистки дизельного топлива в количестве 50-200% от массы кожевенного сырья, следующего состава , мас.%: дизельное топливо Т-10; наф- тенаты натрия 1-20; гидроксид натрия ОИ-2,1 и вода остальное. 1 табл.

Schönungsmittel auf Basis von Kollagen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

Substrat zur Bodenverbesserung mit Wasser speichernder Eigenschaft, Verfahren zur Herstellung und dessen Verwendung

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Substrats zur Bodenverbesserung mit Wasser speichernder Eigenschaft auf Lignin-Basis, gekennzeichnet durch die Schritte, Bereitstellen von Lignin, Oxidation des Lignins alternativ in einer wässrigen alkalischen oder einer pH-neutralen wässrigen Suspension, wobei die pH-neutrale wässrige Suspension nach der Oxidation des Lignins in ein alkalisches Milieu überführt wird, Vernetzung des Lignins in einem wässrigen alkalischen Medium unter Einsatz mehrfach funktioneller Verbindungen, Neutralisation, Trocknung und Zerkleinerung des Lignins.

MITTEL ZUR BEKAEMPFUNG VON AIDS-VIREN

HYDROGEL AUF BASIS VON ALBUMIN

Etikettierter Behälter, teilweise aus wiederverwertetem Kunststoff bestehend

Polyäthylenglycolprotein Konjugate

DURCH PFROPFUNG VON MERKAPTOGRUPPEN MODIFIZIERTE KOLLAGENPEPTIDE, EIN VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG UND IHRE ANWENDUNG ALS BIOMATERIALIEN

Verfahren zur Herstellung von säurebeständigen Biopolymer-Lignin-Membranen

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer wasserunlöslichen Lignin-Membran aus der Ablauge eines Cellulosegewinnungsprozesses. Erfindungsgemäß umfasst das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte: 1. Trocknen der Ablauge eines Cellulosegewinnungsprozesses 2. Verpressen der getrockneten Ablauge zu einer Membran und 3. Behandeln der erzeugten Lignin-Membran mit einer Säure.

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kollagenfasern

MODIFIZIERTES HAEMOGLOBIN ENTHALTENDER BLUTERSATZ

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Haerte- und Reinigungsmittels fuer Gegenstaende aus Elfenbein und anderen Knochenmassen

Verfahren zur Herstellung von plastischen Massen

Verfahren zur Desodorierung von Lignin

Verfahren zur Herstellung faktisartiger Produkte

Production of binder liquor from tannin-containing bark, for use e.g. in the production of fiberboard, involves pulping bark in hot aqueous medium with ground, used fiberboard containing amino-resin binder

A method for the production of binder liquor from tannin-containing bark involves pulping the bark with pulverized products from used timber materials bonded with aminoplastic resins, especially used fiberboard and chipboard, in aqueous medium at a temperature of at least 70[deg]C.

Машина для получения сухих гуминовых удобрений

Полезная модель относится к машинам по агрохимическому обслуживанию сельского хозяйства и предназначена для получения сухих водорастворимых удобрений посредством механического диспергирования торфа и бурых углей, содержащих гуминовые кислоты, в присутствии химической присадки, в качестве которой используют карбонаты натрия и/или калия, согласно патенту RU 2036190 с 1, и включает неподвижную закрытую чашу с загрузочными бункерами для компонентов и выгрузными люками, привод, вертикальный гладкий каток и роторный измельчитель, вращающиеся вокруг центрального вала, установленного в подшипниковой опоре по центру днища чаши, отличающаяся тем, что получение гуминовых удобрений происходит в комбинированном процессе, включающем сверхтонкое диспергирование и перемешивание торфа и угля, содержащих гуминовые кислоты, роторным измельчителем, и увеличение скорости диффузии активной части реагента внутрь твердых частиц в результате раздавливания и истирания смеси за счет нормального давления вращающегося катка на смесь, направленного по радиусу катка и перпендикулярной ему силой трения между катком и смесью компонентов. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 177 365 U1 (51) МПК C05F 11/02 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК C05F 11/02 (2006.01) (21)(22) Заявка: 2017115488, 02.05.2017 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: Дата регистрации: 19.02.2018 (45) Опубликовано: 19.02.2018 Бюл. № 5 Адрес для переписки: 390025, г. Рязань, ул. Щорса, 38/11, ФГБНУ ВНИМС, отдел патентоведения (73) Патентообладатель(и): Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт механизации и информатизации агрохимического обеспечения сельского хозяйства (ФГБНУ ВНИМС) (RU) R U 1 7 7 3 6 5 U 1 Оборудование литейных цехов: Учебник для учащихся средних специальных учебных заведений - Машиностроение. 1985г. RU 2307114 C2, 27.09.2007. RU 44317 U1, 10.03.2005. RU 2238926 ...

Methods of processing recombinant procollagen

A method of generating atelocollagen is disclosed. The method comprises contacting a human telopeptide-comprising collagen with a protease selected from the group consisting of neutrase, subtilisin, ficin recombinant human trypsin and recombinant human pepsin, wherein said human telopeptide-comprising collagen is expressed in a non-animal cell, thereby generating the atelocollagen. Compositions comprising the atelocollagen generated thereby are also disclosed.

Double cross-linkage process to enhance post-implantation bioprosthetic tissue durability

Bioprosthetic tissues and methods for making same, comprising fixing bioprosthetic implant tissue by treatment with 0.1 to 10 wt. % glutaraldehyde at elevated temperature, capping said fixed tissue by treatment with a diamine crosslinking agent, and treating said capped tissue with about 0.6 wt. % glutaraldehyde.

Implantable material and a method for the preparation thereof

A method for the preparation of a regenerated silk fibroin solution comprises the steps of: treating silk or silk cocoons with an ionic reagent comprising an aqueous solution of monovalent cations and monovalent anions, the cations and anions having ionic radii of at least 1.05 Angstroms and a Jones-Dole B coefficient of between −0.001 and −0.05 at 25° C.; and subsequently degumming the treated silk or silk cocoons; or alternatively, degumming silk or silk cocoons; and subsequently treating the degummed silk or silk cocoons with an ionic reagent comprising an aqueous solution of monovalent cations and monovalent anions, the cations and anions having ionic radii of at least 1.05 Angstroms and a Jones-Dole B coefficient of between −0.001 and −0.05 at 25° C. The invention also extends to fibroin solution, a fibroin material and an implant useful for cartilage repair.

Wood heater with enhanced microwave launching system

A microwave heater capable of heating a bundle of wood and equipped with an optimized system for launching and/or dispersing microwave energy. The microwave launching system can include one or more split microwave launchers at least partly disposed in the interior of the heater. The microwave dispersing system can include one or more moving reflectors for rastering microwave energy emitted from the split launchers.

Solvolysis of biomass using solvent from a bioreforming process

The present invention provides processes for deconstructing biomass using a solvent produced in a bioreforming reaction.

Method for Obtaining Microcrystalline Cellulose from Residues Derived from Acid Delinting of Cottonseed

Raw material comprises acid residues arising from the cottonseed cleaning process, which are subject to the following series of stages: a) neutralization of such residues; b) cleaning and purification of the residue of acid linter; c) chemical treatment by means of the action of alkalis; and d) water washing and subsequent thickening by means of filters. Such residues include some fibrils and cascamen, with a marked presence of vegetal elements typical of the seed (hull and remains of the degraded vegetal structure). After washing and subsequent thickening, the material is subject to the stages of: bleaching by means of chemical agents, washing and thickening, drying and dry grinding for reducing particle size.

Methods of Modifying Agricultural Co-Products and Products Made Therefrom

In a method of producing a polymer composite, a polymer is provided in a liquid state such as a molten state. A plant material, such as soymeal, is provided that includes protein and carbohydrate. A reactive protein denaturant is also provided. A dispersion of the plant material and the reactive protein denaturant is formed in a matrix of the liquid polymer. The plant material is reacted to bond with the reactive protein denaturant, and the reactive protein denaturant is reacted to bond with the polymer. The polymer is solidified to produce the polymer composite.

Metal-polysaccharide conjugates: compositions, synthesis and methods for cancer therapy

The current disclosure, in one embodiment, includes a polysaccharide conjugate. This conjugate has a polysaccharide and at least one liner covalently bound to the polysaccharide. The conjugate also has at least one metal conjugated by said linker. According to another embodiment, the disclosure provides a method of synthesizing a polysaccharide conjugate by covalently bonding a linker to a polysaccharide to obtain an intermediate and by conjugating said intermediate to a metal to form a polysaccharide conjugate. This conjugate has a higher relaxivity, so it is suitable to be used as a contrast medium for hybrid camera.

Lignin Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Methods are disclosed for providing lignin product of a small particle size for improving burning efficiency and for avoiding typical equipment fouling problems while maximizing energy recovery.

Enhanced soluble c5 saccharide yields

Methods are disclosed for increasing the level of soluble C 5 saccharides produced from lignocellulosic biomass comprising acidifying fractionated lignocellulosic biomass to prevent the recondensation of soluble C 5 saccharides, including C 5 oligosaccharides and xylose and arabinose monomers, to insoluble higher molecular weight C 5 oligosaccharides.

Resin composition, molded body and composite molded body

In accordance with the present invention, by using a resin composition including lignin and a curing agent in which the lignin is soluble in an organic solvent and contained in the resin composition in an amount of from 10 to 90% by mass, there are provided a molded product and a composite molded product which are obtained from plant resources as a main raw material and to which a good flame retardance and a good antibacterial property are imparted.

Crosslinked Hydrogels and Related Method of Preparation

The present invention provides a method of manufacturing a hydrogel comprising the step of crosslinking a biopolymer using a carbodiimide crosslinker of Formula I wherein at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a functional group that is a bulky organic functional group. R 1 and R 2 can each independently be an optionally substituted saturated or unsaturated functional group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic, and an aryl. The bulky organic functional group will slow down the crosslinking reaction of carbodiimide due to the steric effects and/or electronic effects, in comparison to a crosslinking reaction using EDC. Also provided are the hydrogels and ophthalmic devices prepared using the method of the invention and uses thereof.

Cross-linked compositions

Improved compositions comprising a cross-linkable protein or polypeptide, and a non-toxic material which induces cross-linking of the cross-linkable protein. The compositions are optionally and preferably prepared in a non-phosphate buffer solvent. Optionally and preferably, the cross-linkable protein includes gelatin and any gelatin variant or variant protein as described herein. Optionally and preferably, the non-toxic material comprises transglutaminase (TG), which may optionally comprise any type of calcium dependent or independent transglutaminase, which may for example optionally be a microbial transglutaminase (mTG).

Process for production of microfibrillated cellulose fiber dispersion

The invention relates to a method for producing a microfibrillated cellulose fiber dispersion containing microfibrillated cellulose fibers, at least one of a resin and a resin precursor, and an organic solvent, and the method comprises a fibrillation step of fibrillating cellulose fibers in a starting material dispersion containing cellulose fibers, at least one of a resin and a resin precursor, and an organic solvent, to obtain microfibrillated cellulose fibers.

Cosmetic sponge and method for providing a cosmetic sponge

This invention relates to a cosmetic sponge and a method of providing a cosmetic sponge incorporating a non-denatured collagen and other additives for skin care, cleaning, and cosmetic application.

Coalescence of emulsions

The invention relates to methods of controlling the stability of emulsions to coalescence and phase separation. Use of chaotropic counterions to promote coalescence and/or phase separation of emulsions stabilized by ionic surfactants is described.

Phase separated composite

A composite is disclosed. The composite comprises a first conjugate of a polymer and a first phenol-containing moiety, and a second conjugate of a gelatin or collagen and a second phenol-containing moiety, wherein the polymer is selected so that the first conjugate is less cell-adhesive than the second conjugate, at least one of the first and second conjugates is crosslinked to form a matrix, and the composite comprises discrete regions that are rich in one of said first and second conjugates. A method of forming such composite is also disclosed. The method comprises mixing precursors for the first and second conjugates in a solution for forming said composite, and dispersing a catalyst in the solution to catalyze crosslinking of at least one of the first and second conjugates to form the matrix. The composite may be used to grow cells.

Polymeric acid catalysts and uses thereof

Polymers useful as catalysts in non-enzymatic saccharification processes are provided. Provided are also methods for hydrolyzing cellulosic materials into monosaccharides and/or oligosaccharides using these polymeric acid catalysts.

PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF LIGNINS AND SUGARS FROM AN EXTRACTION LIQUOR

A process for the separation of lignins and sugars from an extracted liquor, including, in the form of dry matter (DM), lignins and sugars, includes: a) concentrating the extracted liquor, in order to obtain a liquor having dry matter in a proportion of between 60 and 70%; b) mixing the concentrated liquor with water in equal parts by weight; c) stirring the mixture in order to disperse the lignins and to obtain a stable suspending of the lignins; d) filtering the solution, wherein the mixing is carried out by introducing the concentrated liquor into the water; and the temperature of the solution, during the suspending, is between 50° C. and 60° C. 2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said stirring of the solution is carried out by rotating.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , after the filtration stage d) claim 1 , the filtered material is dried in order to obtain lignins as a powder claim 1 , the size of the particles of which is between 20 and 50 microns.4. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said dry matter comprises claim 1 , by weight claim 1 , approximately 50% of lignins and approximately 50% of sugars and other products.5. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , at 50° C. claim 1 , the viscosity of the solution is equal to approximately 0.26 Pa·s and the density of the solution is equal to approximately 1.074.6. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the suspension obtained in stage c) is stable claim 1 , at ambient temperature claim 1 , for at least two hours.7. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the said extracted liquor is obtained from a process for the production of paper pulp claim 1 , lignins claim 1 , sugars and acetic acid which comprises the successive stages consisting (i) in bringing together annual or perennial plants claim 1 , used in all or part claim 1 , which constitute the initial lignocellulose starting material ...

HIGHLY EFFICIENT LIGNIN-BASED WATER-REDUCING AGENT WITH HIGH DEGREE OF SULFONATION AND HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT, AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

This invention discloses a high-performance lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight and its preparation method. This water reducer exhibits an excellent water-reducing performance, its water-reducing rate of this lignin-based water reducer reaches 25% at a dosage of 0.70 wt %, which is higher than that of the naphthalene-based water reducer and the sulfonated lignin water reducer prepared by oxidation and sulfonation of alkali lignin, and 28-days compressive strength ratio of the concrete with this water reducer to the concrete without this water reducer is up to 150:100. Furthermore, the water reducer of present invention will not be crystallized in winter, and the concrete iron won't be corroded. The water reducer of the present invention makes the concretes having a low bleeding rate, excellent properties of workability, anti-freeze and anti-carbonization. 1. A process for preparing a lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight consists of following steps:(1) adding industrial lignin into water, enabling the concentration of said industrial lignin up to 30˜60% by weight, then adjusting the pH of solution to 9-14, and elevating the temperature of said solution to 50-100° C.;(2) adding dihydroxyketone into said industrial lignin solution, and keeping the reaction for 0.5 hour to 2 hours;(3) adding sulfonating agent into the above solution, and keeping the sulfonation reaction at temperature of 80-100° C. for 1 hour to 5 hours;(4) the lignin-based water reducer with high degree of sulfonation and high molecular weight being yielded after the temperature being decreased to room temperature.2. The process according to claim 1 , the ratio of said industrial lignin: said dihydroxyketone: said sulfonating agent is 100:20-50:30-200 by weight.3. The process according to claim 1 , said industrial lignin is one or more agents selected from wood pulp alkali lignin claim 1 , bamboo pulp ...

WHEAT GLUTEN BASED COMPOSITIONS AND ARTICLES MADE THEREFROM

Disclosed herein are wheat gluten based compositions having improved mechanical properties as well as articles formed therefrom, and methods of making the same. More particularly, the compositions also include fibrous reinforcing material and may be formed into a variety of products, including but not limited to particle board. 2. The composition of claim 1 , comprising about 5% to about 15% wheat gluten.3. The composition of claim 1 , comprising about 5% to about 10% wheat gluten.4. The composition of claim 1 , comprising about 1% to about 5% wheat gluten.5. The composition of claim 1 , comprising about 5% to about 15% denaturant.6. The composition of claim 1 , comprising about 5% to about 10% denaturant.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the denaturant is selected from the group consisting of guanidine hydrochloride claim 1 , urea claim 1 , sodium dodecyl sulfate claim 1 , ammoniumtetramethylenedithiocarbamate claim 1 , ammoniumpyrrolidonedithocarbamate claim 1 , tetramethylammoniumbromide claim 1 , pentaalkylammoniumbromidehexaethyl surfactants claim 1 , and combinations thereof.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the denaturant is urea.9. The composition of claim 1 , comprising about 7% to 13% moisture content.10. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more additive selected from a wax claim 1 , an antimicrobial claim 1 , or combinations thereof.11. A board material comprising:about 15% or less of wheat gluten;about 0.5% to about 10% denaturant;less than about 15% moisture; and70% to about 90% wood particles.12. The board material of claim 11 , comprising about 5% to about 10% wheat gluten.13. The board material of claim 11 , comprising about 1% to about 5% wheat gluten.14. The board material of claim 11 , comprising about 5% to about 15% denaturant.15. The board material of claim 11 , comprising about 5% to about 10% denaturant.16. The board material of claim 11 , wherein the denaturant is selected from the group consisting of guanidine ...

Method for producing biobased chemicals from woody biomass

A method for utilizing woody biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from woody biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

IMPLANTABLE HYALURONIC ACID/COLLAGEN COMPOSITIONS

Hyaluronic acid and collagen may be crosslinked in aqueous solution as described herein. The crosslinked macromolecular matrices obtained in this process may be used as a hydrogel for implants and fillers for human aesthetic and therapeutic products. 1. A crosslinked macromolecular matrix comprising:a hyaluronic acid component;a collagen component derived from collagen type I or collagen type III;wherein the hyaluronic acid component is crosslinked to the collagen component by a crosslinking component; andwherein the crosslinking component comprises a plurality of crosslink units, wherein at least a portion of the crosslink units comprise an ester bond or an amide bond.2. The crosslinked macromolecular matrix of claim 1 , having a weight ratio of the hyaluronic acid component to the collagen component of about 0.5 to about 7.3. The crosslinked macromolecular matrix of claim 1 , wherein the hyaluronic acid component has an average molecular weight of about 500 claim 1 ,000 daltons to about 10 claim 1 ,000 claim 1 ,000 daltons.4. The crosslinked macromolecular matrix of claim 1 , further comprising an aqueous liquid comprising water claim 1 , sodium chloride at a concentration of about 100 mM to about 200 mM claim 1 , potassium chloride at a concentration of about 2 mM to about 3 mM claim 1 , and phosphate buffer at a concentration of about 5 mM to about 15 mM claim 1 , wherein the pH of the liquid is about 7 to about 8.5. A composition comprising:a hyaluronic acid;a collagen;a water-soluble coupling agent; and 'wherein the composition is an aqueous solution.', 'a buffer;'}6. The composition of claim 5 , further comprising an activating agent comprising a triazole claim 5 , a fluorinated phenol claim 5 , a succinimide claim 5 , or a sulfosuccinimide.7. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the hyaluronic acid component has an average molecular weight of about 1 claim 5 ,000 claim 5 ,000 daltons to about 5 claim 5 ,000 claim 5 ,000 daltons.8. The composition of claim 5 ...

Simultaneous Hydrolysis Refine Method Of Cellulose Biomass

A method of refining cellulosic biomass, including synchronous hydrolyzation of at least 85 wt % organic polymers, based on the total weight of the cellulosic biomass, in the cellulosic biomass into small molecular organic compounds. The synchronous hydrolyzation is catalytic hydrolyzation for which the catalyst used is a substance represented by L-M-S-H or L-M=S, wherein “M” represents metal, carbon or silicon, “S” represents a heteroatom, “L” represents one or more ligands, and “H” represents hydrogen.

CROSSLINKED HYALURONIC ACID-COLLAGEN GELS FOR IMPROVING TISSUE GRAFT VIABILITY AND SOFT TISSUE AUGMENTATION

Hydrogels comprising a macromolecular matrix and water may be used to augment soft tissue of a human being, promote or support cell or tissue viability or proliferation, create space in tissue, and for other purposes. A macromolecular matrix may comprise a hyaluronic acid component crosslinked to a collagen component. 1. A soft tissue augmentation product comprising:a forming component comprising a hydrogel having a form suitable for augmenting human soft tissue by injecting or implanting the forming component into the human tissue; and 'wherein the hydrogel comprises water, and a crosslinked macromolecular matrix comprising:', 'a label comprising instructions to inject or implant the forming component into the human tissue;'}a hyaluronic acid component; and 'wherein the hyaluronic acid component is crosslinked to the collagen component by an ester bond or an amide bond.', 'a collagen component;'}2. The product of claim 1 , wherein crosslinked macromolecular matrix has a weight ratio of the hyaluronic acid component to the collagen component of about 1 to about 7.3. The product of claim 1 , wherein crosslinked macromolecular matrix has a weight ratio of the hyaluronic acid component to the collagen component of about 3.4. The product of claim 1 , wherein crosslinked macromolecular matrix has a weight ratio of the hyaluronic acid component to the collagen component of about 5.5. The product of claim 1 , wherein crosslinked macromolecular matrix has a weight ratio of the hyaluronic acid component to the collagen component of about 7.6. The product of claim 1 , wherein the hyaluronic acid is about 0.2% to about 2.5% of the weight of the hydrogel and the collagen component is about 0.05% to about 1.2% of the weight of the hydrogel.7. The product of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel further comprises human adipose tissue.8. The product of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogel has a collagen concentration of about 3 mg/mL to about 12 mg/mL.9. The product of wherein the hydrogel has ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF PRECIPITATED LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR AND PRECIPITATED LIGNIN PRODUCED BY THE PROCESS

The present invention relates to a process tor the production of precipitated lignin from black liquor wherein the process comprises the steps of providing a black liquor stream treating the black liquor at an increased temperature and precipitating the lignin from the heat treated black liquor. The present invention further relates to precipitated lignin produced according to the process and use of the precipitated lignin produced. 1. Process for the production of precipitated lignin from black liquor wherein the process comprises the steps of:providing a black liquor stream,treating the stream of black liquor at an increased temperature andprecipitating the lignin from the heat treated black liquor.2. Process according to wherein the lignin is precipitated by decreasing the pH of the black liquor.3. Process according to wherein the temperature of the black liquor is increased to 150-200° C. claim 1 , preferably 170-190° C.4. Process according to wherein the black liquor is treated at increased temperature for 1-60 minutes claim 1 , preferably 1-5 minutes.5. Process according to wherein pH of the black liquor is at least partly reduced before the heat treatment.6. Process according to wherein the black liquor before the heat treatment has a solid content of between 30-50% ts.7. Precipitated lignin produced according to the process described in .8. The precipitated lignin according to wherein the average molecular weight of the lignin is reduced.9. The precipitated lignin according to wherein the degree of impurity with respect to residual hemicellulose is reduced.10. The precipitated lignin according to wherein the filterability of the precipitated lignin is improved.11. A solution comprising a solvent and precipitated lignin according to wherein the solution has decreased viscosity and lower degree of impurity with respect to hemicellulose.12. The use of precipitated lignin according to in biorefinery-related applications or energy recovery.13. The use of ...

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING PLASTIC MATERIALS FROM DECOLORIZED BLOOD PROTEIN

The present disclosure provides methods for manufacturing plastic materials from decolorized blood protein. The method includes the following steps: contacting the blood protein an oxidizing agent to form a blood protein composition that includes unreacted oxidizing agent; removing at least a portion of the unreacted oxidizing agent from the blood protein composition to form a decolorized blood protein composition; and treating the decolorized blood protein composition in the presence of a plasticizer with sufficient pressure and temperature to form the plastic material. The present disclosure also provides a plastic material including a blood protein residue having a percent whiteness of 35%-100% and a plasticizer. 1. A method of decolorizing blood protein and manufacturing the decolorized blood protein into a plastic material , the method comprising:contacting the blood protein with an oxidizing agent to form a blood protein composition that includes unreacted oxidizing agent;removing at least a portion of the unreacted oxidizing agent from the blood protein composition to form a decolorized blood protein composition; andtreating the decolorized blood protein composition in the presence of a plasticizer with sufficient pressure and temperature to form the plastic material.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the decolorized blood protein composition with a denaturing agent prior to the treating step.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood protein is selected from the group consisting of whole blood claim 1 , isolated red blood cells claim 1 , serum claim 1 , hemoglobin claim 1 , blood meal claim 1 , spray dried hemoglobin claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood protein is blood meal or spray dried hemoglobin.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of peracetic acid claim 1 , hydrogen peroxide claim 1 , sodium chlorite claim 1 , sodium hypochlorite ...

DENSE FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN MATRICES FOR TISSUE REPAIR AND THE PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

Method for preparing a homogeneous collagen-based material by concentration of a collagen solution, includes bringing a collagen solution into contact by way of continuous injection and use of the material for tissue repair. 1. Method for preparing a homogeneous collagen-based material by concentration of a collagen solution , said method comprising:a) bringing into contact, by continuous injection of a collagen solution by controlled pressure means with a permeable element, said permeable element itself being in contact with a concentrating agent such as a polymer solutionb) keeping the collagen solution, permeable element and polymer solution in contact under conditions allowing the selective mass transfer of the solvent contained in the aqueous collagen solution in order to obtain the formation of the homogeneous collagen material inside the permeable element or on the surface of the permeable element.2. Method for preparing a homogeneous collagen-based material according to characterized in that the permeable element is a dialysis cell claim 1 , said method comprising the following stages:a) preparation of an acid solution of pure collagen in an aqueous solvent,b) continuous injection of the pure collagen solution by controlled pressure means, into dialysis cells at least one of the ends of which is closed by a dialysis membrane the porosity of which is fixed so that only the solvent as well as the acid and the ions, if they are present, diffuse through said membrane, said membrane being in contact with a polymer solution, the concentration of which is adapted to the final collagen concentration,c) keeping the collagen solution, dialysis cell and polymer under conditions allowing the selective mass transfer of the solvent contained in the aqueous collagen solution in order to obtain the formation of the pure homogeneous concentrated collagen solution in the dialysis cell or on the surface of the dialysis membrane,d) recovery of the mould in which the material is ...

Method for dilute acid pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks

The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of a lignocellulosic feedstock involving acid pretreatment. The process comprises the steps of treating the lignocellulosic feedstock with alkali at a pH of between about 8.0 and about 12.0 so as to dissolve acetyl groups present on said lignocellulosic feedstock, while converting less than about 10% of the xylan present in the lignocellulosic feedstock to xylose and less than about 10% of the cellulose to glucose, thereby producing an alkali conditioned feedstock. The alkali conditioned feedstock is then pretreated at a temperature of about 160° C. to about 250° C., at a pH of about 0.5 to about 2.5 for about 0.5 to about 10 minutes so as to hydrolyze about 80 to 100% of the xylan and about 3 to about 15% of the cellulose to produce an acid pretreated feedstock comprising cellulose. The cellulose in the pretreated feedstock can be hydrolyzed to glucose with cellulase and the glucose can be fermented to produce a fermentation product.

Funtionalizing Cellulosic and Lignocellulosic Materials

Irradiated lignocellulosic or cellulosic materials are provided which contain carboxylic acid groups and/or other functional groups not present in a naturally occurring cellulosic or lignocellulosic material from which the irradiated material was obtained.

Isolation and deglycosylation of glycoproteins

The invention provides more rapid and cost-effective methods of deglycosylating target glycoproteins. In methods of the invention, the target glycoprotein is isolated from initial samples, which may contain multiple other glycoproteins, by subjecting the initial sample to a solid phase containing an affinity ligand, such as a deglycosylated antibody, that interacts specifically with the target glycoprotein. Once separated from the sample, the target glycoprotein can be deglycosylated in situ, or eluted from the solid phase, quantitated, and then deglycosylated.

THERMOPLASTIC LIGNIN FOR PRODUCING CARBON FIBERS

A fusible lignin has a gas transition temperature in the range between 90 and 160° C. determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a molar mass distribution with a dispersivity of less than 28, determined using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), an ash content of less than 1 wt. %, and a proportion of volatile components of a maximum of 1 wt. %. Also provided is a precursor fiber based on the fusible lignin, as well as a method for the production thereof Also provided is a method for producing a carbon fiber from the precursor fiber. 1. A fusible lignin which has{'sub': 'G', 'a glass transition temperature Tin the range between 90 and 160° C. determined using differential scanning calorimetry according to DIN 53765-1994,'}a molar mass distribution with a dispersivity of less than 28, determined using gel permeation chromatography,an ash content of less than1 wt. %, determined according to DIN EN ISO 3451-1, and{'sub': 'G', 'a proportion of volatile components of at most 1 wt. %, determined by the weight loss after 60 minutes at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature Tand at standard pressure.'}2. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight distribution is monomodal.3. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight distribution is monomodal and without shoulders.4. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the fusible lignin has a proportion of volatile components of a maximum of 0.8 wt. % claim 1 , determined by the weight loss after 60 minutes at a temperature of 50° C. above the glass transition temperature Tand at standard pressure.5. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the fusible lignin has a glass transition temperature in the range between 110 and 150° C.6. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight distribution has a dispersivity lower than 15.7. A fusible lignin according to claim 1 , wherein the fusable lignin has an ash content ...

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN FROM ANNUAL FIBRE FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention provides derivatives of native lignin having certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. Surprisingly, it has been found that consistent and predictable antioxidant activity may be provided by selecting for derivatives of native lignin having certain aliphatic hydroxyl content. 1. A thermoplastic composition comprising an annual fibre lignin derivative , wherein said lignin derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content is from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.25 mmol/g.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative comprises ethoxyl groups.4. The composition according to claim 3 , wherein the ethoxyl content is 1.4 mmol/g or less.5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content is from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.25 mmol/g.6. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative comprises ethoxyl groups.7. The composition according to claim 7 , wherein the ethoxyl content is 1.4 mmol/g or less.8. A polyolefin composition comprising an annual fibre lignin derivative claim 7 , wherein said lignin derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.9. A method of producing an annual fibre lignin derivative claim 7 , comprising:a) pulping a fibrous biomass;b) heating the pulp;c) maintaining the elevated temperature for 1 minute or longer;d) separating the cellulosic pulp from the lignin rich pulp; ande) recovering derivatives of native lignin, wherein the derivatives have an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 1 mmol/g to about 3.75 mmol/g and a normalized RSI of 15 or greater.10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the pulping process is selected from the group consisting of: steam explosion claim 9 , dilute acid hydrolysis ...

CONVERSION OF CORN GLUTEN MEAL INTO A SOLID ARTICLE THROUGH THE USE OF A NON-TOXIC ADDITIVE

Disclosed are fast-curing, inexpensive corn-gluten resin compositions, methods for making them, methods for forming them into solid articles. In some embodiments, the resin composition includes corn meal gluten and a non-toxic organic acid. 1. A resin composition for molding formed articles comprising: about 70% to about 99% w/w corn meal gluten,', 'about 1% to about 18% organic acid, and', 'an optional solvent., 'a resin component itself comprising by weight of the resin component2. The resin composition of further comprising a reinforcement/filler component claim 1 , the reinforcement/filler component comprising up to about 40% by weight of the resin composition.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the organic acid is selected from lactic acid claim 1 , citric acid claim 1 , sorbic acid claim 1 , malic acid claim 1 , succinic acid claim 1 , and maleic acid.4. The resin composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 98% corn meal gluten by weight of the resin component.5. The resin composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 97% corn meal gluten by weight of the resin component.6. The resin composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 92.5% corn meal gluten by weight of the resin component.7. The resin composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 90% corn meal gluten by weight of the resin component.8. The resin composition of claim 1 , comprising at least about 87.5% corn meal gluten by weight of the resin component.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said reinforcement/filler component is selected from natural fibers claim 1 , sawdust claim 1 , inorganic fibers claim 1 , inorganic particles claim 1 , foaming agents claim 1 , clays claim 1 , zeolites claim 1 , and combinations thereof.10. A formed article comprising: about 70% to about 99% w/w corn meal gluten,', 'about 1% to about 18% organic acid, and', 'an optional solvent., 'a resin component itself comprising by weight of the resin component, 'a resin composition11. The formed ...

Lignophenol derivative, resin composition, and resin molded article

A compound includes a lignophenol derivative having a weight average molecular weight in a range of 5000 to 10000, and satisfying the following formula (1): 3.0≦pH value≦4.5  (1) wherein the pH value is a determined value for a liquid mixture containing 0.2 g of the lignophenol derivative added to 40 ml of pure water.

CONTINUOUS METHOD FOR THE PRECIPITATION OF LIGNIN FROM BLACK LIQUOR

In a method for the continuous precipitation of lignin from black liquor black liquor is provided so as to flow as a pressurized flow in a reactor () with a dwell time of less than 300s,—an acidifying agent selected from the group of carbon dioxide, acid and their combinations is led to the flow at one or more feeding sites () to lower the pH of black liquor,—the pH is allowed to decrease by the effect of the acidifying agent in the pressurized flow to the precipitation point of lignin, the pressure of the pressurized flow is abruptly released, and lignin particles are separated from black liquor. 1. A method for the continuous precipitation of lignin from black liquor , in which method the pH of black liquor is lowered to the precipitation point of lignin and precipitated lignin is separated from black liquor , whereinblack liquor is provided so as to flow as a pressurized flow in a reactor with a dwell time of less than 300s,an acidifying agent selected from the group of carbon dioxide, acid and their combinations is led to the flow at one or more feeding sites to lower the pH of black liquor,the pH is allowed to decrease by the effect of the acidifying agent in the pressurized flow to the precipitation point of lignin,the pressure of the pressurized flow is abruptly released, andlignin particles are separated from black liquor .2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is mixed in a turbulent manner after the addition of the acidifying agent to mix the acidifying agent into the flow.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is mixed by a static mixer.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is mixed by carbon dioxide to be led as the acidifying agent into the flow and/or by a secondary flow separated from the pressurized flow and led back to the flow.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressurized flow of black liquor is provided ...

FERULOYL-CoA:MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE

The invention relates to nucleic acids encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase and the feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase enzyme that enables incorporation of monolignol ferulates, for example, including p-coumaryl ferulate, coniferyl ferulate, and sinapyl ferulate, into the lignin of plants. 1. A transgenic poplar plant comprising an isolated nucleic acid encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase comprising a DNA with a SEQ ID NO:1 sequence.2. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encodes a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase that can catalyze the synthesis of monolignol ferulate(s) from monolignol(s) and feruloyl-CoA.3. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 2 , wherein the monolignol is coniferyl alcohol claim 2 , p-coumaryl alcohol claim 2 , sinapyl alcohol or a combination thereof.4. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encodes a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase polypeptide with a SEQ ID NO:2 sequence.5. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase is operably linked to a promoter functional in a plant host cell.6. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 5 , wherein the promoter is a poplar xylem-specific secondary cell wall specific cellulose synthase 8 promoter or a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter.7. The transgenic poplar plant of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase is linked to a selectable marker gene.8. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the percent of monolignol ferulates in the plant's lignin is increased relative to an untransformed poplar plant.9. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the percent of monolignol ferulates in the plant's lignin is increased by at least 1% relative to an untransformed poplar plant.10. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the percent of monolignol ferulates in the plant's lignin is increased by at least 2-5% relative to an ...

AQUEOUS BINDER COMPOSITION

Aqueous binder composition for granular and/or fibrous substrates 1. An aqueous binder composition comprising as essential binder components ≧0.1 and ≦10 wt % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated compound having at least one silicon-containing group, an epoxy, hydroxyalkyl, N-methylol or carbonyl group, and/or of at least one compound which has at least two nonconjugated ethylenically unsaturated groups (monomers A)', {'sub': 3', '6', '4', '6, '≧0 and <5 wt % of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated Cto Cmonocarboxylic and/or C-C-dicarboxylic acid and also the salts and anhydrides thereof (monomers B), and'}, '>85 and ≦99.9 wt % of further ethylenically unsaturated compounds, different from the monomers A and B, the nature and amount of these ethylenically unsaturated compounds being selected such that a polymer constructed solely from them in polymerized form would have a glass transition temperature in the range ≧10 and ≦50° C. (monomers C),', 'in polymerized form, wherein the amounts of monomers A to C sum to 100 wt %, and, 'a) at least one polymer P constructed from'}b) at least one lignin compound L, the amount of which is determined such that it is ≧10 and ≦60 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer P.2. The aqueous binder composition according to wherein the at least one monomer A is selected from the group encompassing N-methylolacrylamide claim 1 , N-methylolmethacrylamide claim 1 , glycidyl acrylate claim 1 , glycidyl methacrylate claim 1 , 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate claim 1 , 2-hydroxyethyl methadrylate claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-butylene glycol diacrylate claim 1 , allyl methacrylate and/or divinylbenzene.3. The aqueous binder composition according to either one of or wherein the monomers C are selected from the group encompassing conjugated aliphatic Cto Cdienes claim 1 , esters of vinyl alcohol and a Cto Cmonocarboxylic acid claim 1 , Cto Calkyl acrylates claim 1 , Cto Calkyl methacrylates claim 1 , ethylenically unsaturated Cto ...

CARBON FIBRE COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

The present disclosure provides derivatives of native lignin suitable for production of carbon fibres wherein the derivatives of native lignin have a certain alkoxy content and/or a certain carbon content. The present lignin derivatives can have acceptable spinnability performance characteristics for producing carbon fibres having acceptable tensile strengths and acceptable modulus of elasticity.

METHODS FOR PREPARING PEG-HEMOGLOBIN CONJUGATES USING REDUCED REACTANT RATIOS

The present invention relates generally to methods for preparing polyethylene glycol (“PEG”) conjugated hemoglobin (“Hb”) using reduced reactant ratios. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods for preparing PEG conjugated Hb (“PEG-Hb”) with enhanced yield and purity. 1. A method for preparing polyethylene glycol conjugated hemoglobin (PEG-Hb) comprising the steps of:a) mixing hemoglobin (Hb) with 2-iminothiolane (2-IT) in an aqueous diluent, wherein the 2-IT is at a concentration of between 7 and 8 molar excess in the diluent over the Hb concentration, to form thiolated Hb; andb) adding polyethylene glycol (PEG)-maleimide (Mal) to the thiolated Hb in the aqueous diluent, wherein the PEG-Mal is at a concentration of between 9 and 15 molar excess in the diluent over the Hb concentration to form a PEG-Hb conjugate, wherein the PEG-Mal has an average molecular weight of between 4,000 and 6,000 daltons (Da);wherein the PEG-Hb conjugate contains an average of between 7.1 and 8.9 PEG molecules per Hb; andwherein the PEG-Hb conjugate has a tighter molecular weight distribution than a PEG-Hb conjugate prepared using a higher molar ratio of 2-IT or PEG-Mal.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the 2-IT is at a concentration of 7.5 molar excess in the diluent over the Hb concentration.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the PEG-Mal is at a concentration of 12 molar excess in the diluent over the Hb concentration.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the PEG-Mal has an average molecular weight of 5 claim 1 ,000 Da.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the PEG-Hb conjugate has a partial pressure of oxygen at which the Hb is 50% saturated (p50) less than native stroma free hemoglobin from an equivalent source when measured under essentially identical conditions.6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the p50 of the PEG-Hb conjugate is less than 10 millimeters of mercury (mmHg).7. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the ...

PREPARATION OF LIGNIN

A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol, in particular with a Calcohol, water and a base, in particular NaOH, at a temperature below 100° C., in particular from 40° C. to 90° C., in particular from 50° C. to 70° C., characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base, in particular 4 to 10 parts of base, in particular preferable 5 to 8 parts of base, are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol , water and a base , at a temperature below 100° C. , characterized in that 3 to 12 parts of base , are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 10:90 to 90:10.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used a pulping period of 2 hours to 36 hours.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that there is used as lignocellulosic material straw claim 1 , energy crops claim 1 , and/or glumes.5. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that isopropanol is used as Calcohol.6. The method according to claim 18 , characterized in that ethanol is used as Calcohol.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 40° C. to 90° C.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is between 50° C. to 70° C.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein 4 to 10 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein 5 to 8 parts of base are used per 100 parts of the dry lignocellulosic material to be pulped.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 20:80 to 40:60.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of water to alcohol is in a range from 60:40 to 90:10.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein there is ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCTION OF LIGNIN

A method for the preparation of lignin, characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline alcoholic solution of lignin and the precipitated lignin is separated, and, optionally, from the filtrate alcohol is removed in order to get further lignin; as well as a method for the preparation of a concentrated alkaline, alcoholic solution of lignin by membrane filtration; the use of the lignin thus prepared; and the isolation of hydroxy cinnamic acids from the solution, from which the lignin has been separated. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin , characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline , alcoholic solution of lignin and the precipitated lignin is separated , and , optionally , from the filtrate alcohol is removed in order to get further lignin.2. A method according to claim 1 , characterized in that an acid is added to an alkaline claim 1 , alcoholic solution of lignin claim 1 , the precipitated higher-molecular lignin fraction is separated and from the solution obtained upon separation alcohol is removed claim 1 , in particular by vaporization claim 1 , vacuum vaporization claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , vacuum distillation claim 1 , in order to precipitate low-molecular lignin fractions.3. A method according to for preparing lignin from lignocellulosic material by pulping with alcohol claim 1 , in particular a Calcohol claim 1 , in particular ethanol claim 1 , water and a base claim 1 , in particular sodium hydroxide claim 1 , at a temperature below 100° C. claim 1 , in particular from 40° C. to 90° C. claim 1 , in particular from 50° C. to 70° C. claim 1 , in particular such claim 1 , that the concentration of the base claim 1 , based on the dry weight of the lignocellulose to be pulped claim 1 , is from 3 to 12% by weight claim 1 , in particular from 4 to 10% by weight claim 1 , in particular from 5 to 8% by weight claim 1 , characterized in that the lignin present in the alkaline claim 1 , alcoholic solution is separated from the solid claim ...

System and Method for Conditioning a Hardwood Pulp Liquid Hydrolysate

A system and method for hardwood pulp liquid hydrolysate conditioning is provided. The system includes a first evaporator, a hydrolysis unit, at least one lignin separation device, a neutralization device, a precipitate removal device, a solvent extraction unit, a lignin removal and recovery unit, an acid and furfural separation and conditioning unit, and an electrodialysis device, which process a quantity of hardwood mix to produce a desalinated solution containing sugar.

Continuous process for conversion of lignin to useful compounds

This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

FRICTION MATERIAL

A resin composition for a friction material which is produced by a process including performing polymer blending of a phenol resin and a lignin; and a friction material including the resin composition. The resin composition for a friction material is useful as a binder in the friction material. 1. A resin composition for a friction material , which is obtained by a process comprising performing polymer blending of a phenol resin and a lignin.2. The resin composition for a friction material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin is at least one selected from the group consisting of a softwood lignin claim 1 , a hardwood lignin and a herbaceous lignin.3. The resin composition for a friction material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin has a weight average molecular weight of 5 claim 1 ,000 or less.4. The resin composition for a friction material according to claim 1 , wherein the lignin has a softening point of 70 to 180° C.5. A friction material claim 1 , comprising the resin composition for a friction material according to .6. A method for producing a resin composition for a friction material claim 1 , the method comprising performing polymer blending of a phenol resin and a lignin.7. The method according to claim 6 , comprising:purifying the lignin with at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, acetone and tetrahydrofuran; andperforming polymer blending of the phenol resin and the lignin purified.8. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lignin is at least one selected from the group consisting of a softwood lignin claim 6 , a hardwood lignin and a herbaceous lignin.9. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lignin has a weight average molecular weight of 5 claim 6 ,000 or less.10. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the lignin has a softening point of 70 to 180° C.11. A friction material claim 6 , comprising the resin composition for a friction material obtained by the method according to . This ...

Continuous process for conversion of lignin to useful compounds

This specification discloses an operational continuous process to convert lignin as found in ligno-cellulosic biomass before or after converting at least some of the carbohydrates. The continuous process has been demonstrated to create a slurry comprised of lignin, raise the slurry comprised of lignin to ultra-high pressure, deoxygenate the lignin in a lignin conversion reactor over a catalyst which is not a fixed bed without producing char. The conversion products of the carbohydrates or lignin can be further processed into polyester intermediates for use in polyester preforms and bottles.

DERIVATIVES OF NATIVE LIGNIN FROM SOFTWOOD FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention relates to softwood lignin derivatives having an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.5 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g lignin, and the preparation method thereof. The lignin derivatives have a desired antioxidant activity characterized by radical scavenging index (RSI). Another aspect of the invention relates to compositions comprising the softwood lignin derivative. Another aspect of the invention relates to a use of the softwood lignin derivatives comprising incorporating the softwood lignin derivatives into polymer compositions. 1. A method of producing a softwood lignin derivative softwood lignin derivative said method comprising:a) pulping a fibrous biomass;b) heating the biomass;c) maintaining the elevated temperature for 1 minute or longer;d) separating the cellulosic pulp to form a lignin rich material; ande) recovering derivatives of native lignin wherein the derivatives have an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.5 mmol/g to about 7 mmol/g.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is selected from the group consisting of: steam explosion claim 1 , dilute acid hydrolysis claim 1 , ammonia fiber expansion claim 1 , autohydrolysis claim 1 , kraft and modifications thereof claim 1 , soda pulping and modifications thereof claim 1 , sulphite pulping claim 1 , and organosolv processes.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is a kraft process or a modification thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pulping process is an organosolv process.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the derivative has an aliphatic hydroxyl content of from about 2.75 mmol/g to about 5 mmol/g.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous biomass comprises pine claim 1 , spruce claim 1 , or combinations/hybrids thereof.7Pinus radiata, Pinus taeda. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fibrous biomass comprises claim 1 , spruce claim 1 , or combinations/hybrids thereof.8. ...

LIGNIN DERIVATIVES AND USES THEREOF

An article including a lignin derivative, where the lignin derivative includes a moiety derived from an antimicrobial compound. Also provided are methods of inhibiting microbial growth with an article including a lignin derivative. 1. An article comprising a lignin derivative , wherein the lignin derivative comprises a moiety derived from an antimicrobial compound , and the article is a moldable thermoplastic material.23-. (canceled)4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial compound is a paraben.6. (canceled)910-. (canceled)13. The article of claim 12 , wherein L is —CHCH(OH)CH—.14. The article of claim 12 , wherein L is —CHCH(OH)CHOCHCH(OH)CH—.15. The article of claim 11 , wherein R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , R claim 11 , and Rare each independently H or chloro.18. A method of inhibiting microbial growth claim 11 , the method comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'contacting one or more microbes with an article according to .'}1923-. (canceled)2526-. (canceled)2831-. (canceled)32. The method of claim 24 , further comprising at least partially depolymerizing the lignin.33. (canceled)34. The method of claim 32 , wherein the depolymerizing comprises a hydrogenolysis reaction.35. The method of claim 34 , wherein the hydrogenolysis reaction is conducted in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.36. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal catalyst comprises nickel.37. The method of claim 35 , wherein the transition metal catalyst further comprises a carbene ligand.3839-. (canceled) The present technology relates to an article including a lignin derivative, where the lignin derivative includes a moiety derived from an antimicrobial compound. Also provided are methods of inhibiting microbial growth with an article including a lignin derivative.The following description is provided to assist the understanding of the reader. None of the information provided or ...

LIGNIN-BASED CONCRETE ADMIXTURES

Methods for converting waste streams from the wood pulping industry to high-value concrete admixtures are described. For example, isolated lignin and lingnosulfonate or waste streams containing lignin and lingnosulfonate can be directly converted to the concrete admixtures, or they may be first converted to their methylol derivatives and treated with further reagents to produce the concrete admixtures. 1. A method of preparing a lignosulphonate methylol , the method comprising contacting lignosulphonate with an aldehyde compound to produce the lignosulphonate methylol; cooling the lignosulphonate methylol; and isolating the lignosulphonate methylol.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignosulphonate is in the form of spent pulp liquor claim 1 , sulphonated black liquor claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solid content of the spent pulp liquor or sulphonated black liquor is adjusted to about 50% to about 60% by weight prior to contacting the lignosulphonate with the aldehyde compound.412.-. (canceled)13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignosulphonate methylol is lignosulphonate monomethylol claim 1 , lignosulphonate dimethylol claim 1 , lignosulphonate trimethylol claim 1 , or lignosulphonate oligomethylol.14. The method claim 1 , wherein cooling is to about 0° C. to about 10° C.15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising neutralizing the cooled lignosulphonate methylol with a pre-cooled acid claim 14 , which is at about 0° C. to about 10° C. and is about 5% to about 10% acid by weight.16. (canceled)17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising dissolving the isolated lignosulphonate methylol in at least one alcohol.18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising drying the lignosulphonate methylol.19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising evaporating the alcohol under reduced pressure to produce the lignosulphonate methylol as a solid or semisolid residue.2021.-. (canceled)22. The method of claim 15 , wherein ...

LIGNIN-BASED SURFACTANTS

Methods for converting waste streams from the wood pulping industry to high-value surfactants are described. For example, isolated lignin and lignosulfonate or waste streams containing lignin and lignosulfonate can be directly converted to surfactants, or they can be first converted to methylol derivatives and treated with further reagents to produce surfactants. 1. A method of preparing a surfactant , the method comprising contacting methylol groups in a lignin-based material with a carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative in the presence of a catalyst to produce the surfactant.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin-based material is lignin methylol claim 1 , lignosulphonate methylol claim 1 , or any combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate is dextrose syrup claim 1 , glucose syrup claim 1 , or sucrose syrup.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate derivative is a polyhydroxy carboxylic acid claim 1 , a hydroxyl polycarboxylic acid claim 1 , an aminocarboxylic acid claim 1 , a lithium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , ammonium or calcium salt thereof claim 1 , or other natural carboxylic acid or salt thereof derived by oxidation or fermentation of a carbohydrate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of lignin-based material to carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative is about 2:1 to about 1:2 based on moles of methylol groups in the lignin-based material to moles of the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of lignin-based material to carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative is about 1:1 based on moles of methylol groups in the lignin-based material to moles of the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is phosphoric acid or paratoluene sulphonic acid.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein contacting the lignin-based material with the carbohydrate or carbohydrate derivative occurs with heating by a microwave ...

Processes and apparatus for producing fermentable sugars and low-ash biomass for combustion at reduced emissions

This invention provides processes and apparatus to convert biomass, including wood and agricultural residues, into low-ash biomass pellets for combustion, alone or in combination with another solid fuel. Some embodiments provide processes for producing hemicellulosic sugars and low-ash biomass from cellulosic biomass, comprising providing an aqueous extraction solution with acetic acid; extracting the feedstock to produce an extract liquor containing soluble ash, hemicellulosic oligomers, acetic acid, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; dewatering and drying the cellulose-rich, lignin-rich solids to produce a low-ash biomass; hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers to produce fermentable hemicellulosic sugars, wherein additional acetic acid is generated; removing a vapor stream comprising vaporized acetic acid from the extract; recycling the vapor or its condensate to provide some starting acetic acid for the extraction solution; and recovering fermentable hemicellulosic sugars. The disclosed processes can produce clean power from biomass. Co-products include fermentation products such as ethanol, fertilizers, and lignin.

HIGH VALUE LIGNIN DERIVATIVES, POLYMERS, AND COPOLYMERS AND USE THEREOF IN THERMOPLASTIC, THERMOSET, COMPOSITE, AND CARBON FIBER APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure relates to reactive modified lignin, methods of preparing such modified lignin, and materials, such as polymer systems, incorporating the modified lignin. More specifically, the lignin can be modified by selectively masking reactive functional groups such that the material has a modulated reactivity and is thus better suited for incorporation into and/or formation of further materials, such as carbon fibers. 1. A reactive modified lignin comprising a lignin having about 5% or greater of the reactive functional groups thereon masked with a masking moiety that is less reactive than the functional group.2. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the modified lignin exhibits a thermal stability defined by an increase of the molecular weight of the modified lignin of about 10% or less when the modified lignin is heated at a temperature of about 20° C. above its glass transition temperature (Tg).3. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the modified lignin exhibits thermal stability defined by a weight loss of the modified lignin that is less than 5% when heating to a temperature of greater than 225° C.4. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the modified lignin exhibits a glass transition temperature (Tg) that increases monotonically with the percentage of reactive functional groups that are masked with the masking moiety.5. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the reactive functional groups are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl claim 1 , methoxyl claim 1 , carbonyl claim 1 , and carboxyl claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The reactive modified lignin of claim 1 , wherein the masking moiety is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl claim 1 , optionally substituted alkenyl claim 1 , optionally substituted alkynyl claim 1 , and combinations thereof.7. A lignin polymer comprising a chain of reactive modified lignin according to .8. The lignin polymer of defined ...

Delignification of biomass containing lignin and production of long lasting lignin fertilizer

A new fertilizer comprising of amino lignin compounds, which are made by delignification of biomass containing lignin utilizing amino compounds and producing amino lignin, amino lignincellulose and cellulose. The urea lignincellulose is reacted with potassium hydroxide to produce potassium salt of amino lignin and lignincelluose. The amino lignin is reacted with phosphorous acid to produce an amino lignin phosphorous acid. These amino lignin compounds reacted with potassium and phosphorous acid are the source nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in the new solid or aqueous fertilizer.

Polylactide-graft-lignin blends and copolymers

The present invention is directed to a PLA-graft-lignin polymers and copolymers and methods of making the same. As the lignocellulosic biorefining industry emerges as a viable fuels technology, the availability of the assortment of lignins will also expand. The use of lignins as a copolymer is one area where lignin may be utilized.

Thermo-responsive polymer covalently bound with a peptide

A thermo-responsive polymer covalently bound with a peptide, wherein the peptide comprises a peptide moiety that is able to self-assemble and a functional peptide moiety comprising a bioactive sequence, and compositions comprising such thermo-responsive polymer covalently bound with a peptide. Methods for the preparation of such thermo-responsive polymers covalently bound with a peptide and the use thereof for the preparation of hydrogels. 1. A thermo-responsive polymer covalently bound with at least one peptide , wherein the peptide comprises a peptide moiety that is able to self-assemble and a functional peptide moiety comprising a bioactive sequence.2. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the bioactive sequence of the functional peptide moiety is a cell adhesion providing amino acid sequence.3. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one peptide is covalently bound with the thermo-responsive polymer through a linkage selected from the group consisting of thioether linkage claim 1 , amino linkage claim 1 , amido linkage claim 1 , ester linkage claim 1 , and ether linkage.5. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein said peptide moiety that is able to self-assemble is self-assembling in a β-sheet claim 1 , a coiled coil a-helix structure claim 1 , a peptide triple helix structure claim 1 , or combinations thereof.6. The polymer according to claim 1 , wherein said peptide moiety that is able to self-assemble into a β-sheet claim 1 , and wherein said peptide moiety is an octapeptide moiety comprising alternating hydrophobic and charged amino acids.7. The polymer according to claim 19 , wherein the peptide moiety that is able to self-assemble into a β-sheet is selected from the group consisting of FEFKFEFK claim 19 , FEFEFKFK claim 19 , FDFKFDFK claim 19 , FDFDFKFK claim 19 , FEFRFEFR claim 19 , FEFEFRFR claim 19 , YDYKYDYK claim 19 , YDYDYKYK claim 19 , YEYRYEYR claim 19 , YEYKYEYK claim 19 , YEYEYKYK claim 19 , WEWKWEWK claim 19 , WEWEWKWK ...

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

In one example implementation, a trans-esterified APL can include an APL and a polyester including polyester chains. The polyester may be an aliphatic polyester, a semi-aromatic polyester, or an aromatic polyester. In other examples, an acetate ester of the APL can be used to swap carboxylic acid groups with the alcohol oligomer units in the polyester chains. 1. A trans-esterified acetyoxypropyl lignin (APL) comprising:an APL; anda polyester including polyester chains.2. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein the polyester may be an aliphatic polyester claim 1 , a semi-aromatic polyester claim 1 , or an aromatic polyester.3. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein an acetate ester of the APL is used to swap carboxylic acid groups with the alcohol oligomer units in the polyester chains.4. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein polyester oligomer units are covalently-bonded to the APL while one or more of the polyester chains are shortened and terminated with acetate esters.5. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein the trans-esterified APL is represented by the formula R′COOR claim 1 , wherein R′ represents the APL and R represents the polyester.6. The trans-esterified APL of claim 1 , wherein transesterification occurs with the replacement of one alcohol group in the ester by another different alcohol group.7. A trans-esterified acetyoxypropyl lignin (APL) blend comprising:a APL;a polyester including polyester chains; andone or more additives.8. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 7 , wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of catalysts claim 7 , compatibilizers claim 7 , odor neutralizers claim 7 , fragrances claim 7 , and process aids.9. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 7 , further comprising:a plasticizer.10. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 9 , wherein the plasticizer reduces a glass transition temperature of the trans-esterified APL.11. The trans-esterified APL blend of claim 7 , ...

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) is provided in one example embodiment and includes precipitating a lignin, dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution, adding a reagent to the solution, adjusting the pH of the solution, allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time, precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate, and washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL. 1. A method for producing a trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) , the method comprising:precipitating a lignin;dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution;adding a reagent to the solution;adjusting a pH of the solution;allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time;precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate; andwashing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the trans-esterified HPL.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HPL is a Kraft lignin precipitated by a Lignoboost process.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin is dissolved in a sodium hydroxide solution.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is about four percent to about six percent sodium hydroxide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pH of the solution is adjusted to a range of about 11.5 pH to about 12.5 pH6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reagent is propylene oxide.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein a total weight of the propylene oxide added to the solution is about half a total weight of the precipitated lignin in the solution.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution is precipitated by reducing the pH to below about 2.5 pH.9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:adding sulfuric acid to reduce the pH.10. A trans-esterified lignin/thermoplastic blend comprising: precipitating a lignin;', 'dissolving the precipitated lignin in a solution;', 'adding a reagent to the solution;', 'adjusting a pH of the solution;', ' ...

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

A method for producing an APL is provided in one example embodiment and includes mixing a solvent, a catalyst, a reagent, and a HPL to create a solution, raising the temperature of the solution to a first reaction temperature, raising the temperature of the solution to a second reaction temperature, allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time, precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate, and washing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the APL. 1. A method for producing an acetyoxypropyl lignin (APL) , comprising:mixing a solvent, a catalyst, a reagent, and a hydroxypropylated lignin (HPL) to create a solution;raising a temperature of the solution to a first reaction temperature;raising the temperature of the solution to a second reaction temperature;allowing reactions in the solution to occur for a predetermined amount of time;precipitating the solution to produce a precipitate; andwashing, filtering, and drying the precipitate to produce the APL.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the HPL is contains about three percent moisture.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is a fifty percent acetic acid solution.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is sodium acetate.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reagent is a fifty percent acetic anhydride solution.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:dissolving the catalyst in the solvent to create a solvent catalyst solution, wherein the catalyst is sodium acetate and the solvent is a fifty percent acetic acid solution;adding the HPL to the solvent catalyst solution; andadding the reagent to the solvent catalyst solution that contains the HPL, wherein the reagent is a fifty percent acetic anhydride solution.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the amount of HPL added to the solvent catalyst solution is about thirty percent of a total weight of the solvent catalyst solution.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the solution is precipitated by adding a ...

PLASTIC MOLDING COMPOSITION AND SINTERED PRODUCT

A plastic molding composition includes a powder, gelatin, a polar solvent, and an adhesion reducer. The powder contains at least one of a ceramic particle and a metal particle. The adhesion reducer reduces adhesion of the gelatin so that a molded product, which is molded from the composition with a molding die, is removed from the molding die without being broken. The adhesion reducer is a water-soluble or water-dispersible compound. The adhesion reducer has a HLB value, calculated by Griffin's method, ranging from 10 to 20. 1. A plastic molding composition comprising:a powder containing at least one of a ceramic particle and a metal particle;gelatin;a polar solvent; andan adhesion reducer that reduces adhesion of the gelatin so that a molded product, which is molded from the composition with a molding die, is removed from the molding die without being broken, whereinthe adhesion reducer is a water-soluble or water-dispersible compound, and{'b': '20', "the adhesion reducer has a HLB value, calculated by Griffin's method, ranging from 10 to ."}2. The plastic molding composition according to claim 1 , whereinthe compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene glycol, polyalkylene glycol derivative, polycarboxylic acid, polycarboxylate, sugar alcohol, and sugar derivative.3. The plastic molding composition according to claim 1 , wherein a mixing ratio of the compound to the gelatin is 0.6 to 118 parts by weight of the compound to 100 parts by weight of the gelatin.4. A sintered product manufactured by molding and sintering the plastic molding composition according to .5. The plastic molding composition according to claim 2 , wherein a mixing ratio of the compound to the gelatin is 0.6 to 118 parts by weight of the compound to 100 parts by weight of the gelatin.6. A sintered product manufactured by molding and sintering the plastic molding composition according to .7. A sintered product manufactured by molding and sintering the plastic ...

Pre-treated biomass having enhanced enzyme accessibility

This invention is to a biomass composition of 5 and 6 carbon sugars, lignin, and cellulose which has been steam exploded and the composition has a very high enzyme accessibility at 24 hours for hydrolysis.

PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES, COATINGS, AND FILMS FROM PLANT OILS

Compositions useful for preparing pressure sensitive adhesives, coatings, and/or films are provided, along with methods of making and using the same. The compositions are made from renewable, plant-based materials. The compositions comprise plant oil triglycerides that are polymerized and crosslinked to yield polymer matrices. Plant-based carriers and/or tackifiers can be used in the invention, including epoxidized plant oil triglycerides, acrylated epoxidized plant oil triglycerides, and dihydroxylated plant oil triglycerides. Natural tackifiers such as rosin esters and terpenes can also be used in the compositions. Dihydroxylated plant oil triglyceride tackifiers for use in biobased and synthetic adhesives are also provided. 1. A composition useful as a pressure sensitive adhesive , coating , or film , said composition comprising a polymer matrix comprising plant oil triglyceride polymers , wherein said composition comprises greater than about 50% by weight plant-based materials , based upon the total solids in the composition taken as 100% by weight.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said plant oil triglyceride polymers are selected from the group consisting of epoxidized plant oil triglycerides claim 1 , acrylated epoxidized plant oil triglycerides claim 1 , dihydroxylated plant oil triglycerides claim 1 , and mixtures thereof.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix consists essentially of said crosslinked plant oil triglyceride polymers.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition is substantially free of petroleum-based ingredients.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein said polymer matrix comprises crosslinked plant oil triglyceride polymers having crosslinkages selected from the group consisting of esters claim 1 , ethers claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein said crosslinked plant oil triglyerides are formed from the copolymerization of an epoxidized plant oil triglyceride and a ...

SEPARATION OF LIGNIN FROM PLANT MATERIAL

Technology for separating lignin from alkaline solutions which arise in production of cellulose is presented. Isolated lignin can be applied, for instance, for production of carbon fibre, adhesives and binding materials, antioxidants and organic chemicals. Starting materials are non-woody plant materials, from which lignin is dissolved by sulphur free alkaline solutions at temperatures below 130° C. Lignin is precipitated by acid, and purified by hydrolyzing hemicellulose by acid or by enzymatic reactions or a combination of these. Lignin separated has a closely similar structure as lignin in plant material, and its content of functional atom groups can be controlled by changes in processing conditions. 1. Method for separating lignin from alkaline solutions obtained from plant materials or from fractions obtained from these by acid preparation , and purification of it , characterized by , thata) the alkaline treatment has been performed without use of sulphur containing chemicals,b) hemicellulose precipitating simultaneously is hydrolyzed to oligomer and monomer stage,c) lignin content of the final product is at least 80%.2. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that starting material used is alkaline solution obtained from non-woody plants.3. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that silica compounds are precipitated from the alkaline solution before precipitating the main part of hemicellulose and lignin.4. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that dissolving of lignin has been performed at temperatures not exceeding 130° C.5. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that the yield of lignin from the lignin content of the original plant material is at least 60%.6. Method according to claim 1 , characterized by claim 1 , that the hydrolysis of hemicellulose and other carbohydrates is performed as an acid hydrolysis in a solution where the pH value is below 2.0.7. Method according to claim 6 ...

CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN AND LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

In one example implementation, a trans-esterified HPL can include a HPL and a polyester including polyester chains. The polyester may be an aliphatic polyester, a semi-aromatic polyester, or an aromatic polyester. 1. A trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) comprising:a HPL; anda polyester including polyester chains.2. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein the polyester may be an aliphatic polyester claim 1 , a semi-aromatic polyester claim 1 , or an aromatic polyester.3. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein an acetate ester of the APL is used to swap carboxylic acid groups with alcohol oligomer units in the polyester chains.4. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein polyester oligomer units are covalently-bonded to the HPL while one or more of the polyester chains are shortened and terminated with acetate esters.5. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein the trans-esterified HPL is represented by a formula R′COOR in which R′ represents the HPL and R represents the polyester.6. The trans-esterified HPL of claim 1 , wherein transesterification occurs with a replacement of one alcohol group in an ester by another different alcohol group.7. A trans-esterified hydroxypropyl lignin (HPL) blend comprising:a HPL;a polyester including polyester chains; andone or more additives.8. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 7 , wherein the one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of catalysts claim 7 , compatibilizers claim 7 , odor neutralizers claim 7 , fragrances claim 7 , and process aids.9. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 7 , further comprising:a plasticizer.10. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 9 , wherein the plasticizer reduces a glass transition temperature of the trans-esterified HPL.11. The trans-esterified HPL blend of claim 7 , wherein the trans-esterified HPL blend comprises by weight:the HPL in the range of 1% to 99%;the polyester in the range of 1% to 99%; andthe one or more additives in the ...

METHOD FOR MODIFYING LIGNIN STRUCTURE USING MONOLIGNOL FERULATE CONJUGATES

Described is an isolated lignified plant cell wall including lignin, wherein the lignin includes a ferulate residue incorporated therein, such as from coniferyl ferulate and/or sinapyl ferulate. Also described is a method to make the isolated lignified plant cell wall, and the lignin produced by the method. 1. An isolated lignified plant cell wall comprising lignin , wherein the lignin includes a ferulate residue incorporated therein.2. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , wherein the ferulate residue is selected from a monomer conjugate group consisting of coniferyl ferulate and sinapyl ferulate.3. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , derived from maize.4. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , derived from a tree.5. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 4 , derived from a tree of the family Myrtaceae claim 4 , Salicaceae claim 4 , or a hybrid thereof.6Salix, Eucalyptus, Corymbia,Angophora,. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 5 , derived from a tree of a genus selected from the group consisting of and or a hybrid thereof7. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of claim 1 , derived from a eucalyptus tree claim 1 , a poplar tree claim 1 , a willow tree claim 1 , or a hybrid thereof.87. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of any one of - claims 1 , wherein the ferulate residue is derived from coniferyl ferulate.97. The isolated lignified plant cell wall of any one of - claims 1 , wherein the ferulate residue is derived from sinapyl ferulate.1020-. (canceled) This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/830,905 filed Jul. 6, 2010, which claims priority under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/213,706 filed Jul. 6, 2009, the entireties of both of which are incorporated herein by reference.All of the documents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference.Lignin is a highly complex, heterogeneous polymer found in all vascular plants. It rigidifies ...

Lignin production from lignocellulosic biomass

Methods are disclosed for preparing lignin from lignocellulosic biomass using rapid full or partial pressure reduction to separate and pulverize the lignin without fouling the equipment and with improved energy recovery.

Processes and apparatus for lignin separation in biorefineries

The present invention generally provides methods of improving lignin separation during lignocellulosic biorefining, comprising the steps of (i) catalyzing fractionation or hydrolysis with an acid to release sugars into an acidified solution containing lignin, (ii) neutralizing the acidified solution with a base to form a salt in a neutralized solution; (iii) in a separation unit, separating the salt and the lignin, each in free or combined form, from the neutralized solution; and then (iv) recycling a portion of the salt and optionally a portion of the lignin to step (i) to combine, physically or chemically, with the lignin, to improve lignin separation in the separation unit. In certain embodiments, the acid is a sulfur-containing acid and the base is lime, forming gypsum which is then recycled, in part, to the hydrolysis reactor.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LIGNIN DERIVATIVES

A method for producing lignin derivatives from technical lignins by treatment with proteolytic enzymes (proteases), characterized in that the proteolytic treatment of the technical lignins significantly reduces the molar mass thereof. 1. A method for the preparation of lignin derivatives from technical lignin or from a fraction obtained from technical lignin with a protease enzyme or with a mixture of different protease enzymes , characterized in that the molar mass of the technical lignin or of the fractions obtained from technical lignin is significantly reduced by treatment with the protease enzyme or the mixture of the different protease enzymes , respectively.2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin is obtained from lignocellulosic material claim 1 , in particular straw claim 1 , bagasse claim 1 , energy crops claim 1 , in particular elephant grass claim 1 , switch grass and/or glumes claim 1 , in particular lemmas.3. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin is lignin obtained by way of pulping lignocellulose.4. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin is obtained from lignocellulosic material claim 1 , in particular wood claim 1 , wood fibres claim 1 , wood shavings and/or wood chips.54. The method according to any of - claims 1 , characterized in that the technical lignin obtained from lignocellulosic material is a lignosulfonate claims 1 , kraft lignin claims 1 , alkaline lignin and/or organosolv lignin.64. The method according to any of - claims 1 , characterized in that higher-molecular lignin fractions are used claims 1 , which have a protein percentage that is above average.7. The method according to any of to claims 1 , characterized in that the peptides and/or amino acids developing upon the treatment with protease enzymes are separated from the lignin claims 1 , in particular by means of membrane filtration and/or precipitation and/or ...

Compositions Comprising Lignin

Compositions comprising lignin and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed. 1. A phenolic resin:wherein at least a portion of said phenolic resin is produced by a reaction with a phenol substitute; lignin; and', 'less than about 2000 mg in total per kg of said lignin of elements;', 'wherein said elements are Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Ti, TI, V, and Zn., 'wherein said phenol substitute comprises2. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin has an average particle size less than about 500 microns.3. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin has a bulk density of less than about 0.35 g/cc.4. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute is substantially free of organic solvent.5. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 700 mg of calcium per kg of said lignin.6. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 525 mg of iron per kg of said lignin.7. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 150 mg of sulfur per kg of said lignin.8. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 20 g of ash per kg of said lignin.9. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute comprises less than about 2000 mg of nitrogen per kg of said lignin.10. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said phenol substitute has a weight ratio of the total mass of hydrogen and nitrogen to carbon of less than about 0.110.11. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin is present in said phenol substitute at a level of at least 30% by weight, based on the total weight of said phenol substitute, as measured by pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry.12. The phenolic resin of claim 1 ,wherein said lignin is present in said phenol ...

WATER BASED LIGNIN EPOXY RESINS, METHODS OF USING AND MAKING THE SAME

Water based lignoepoxy resins, and methods for their preparation and use are provided. Methods of making lignoepoxy resins without the use of volatile organic compounds are also provided. 1. A method of making a lignomethylol or a lignosulphonate methylol , the method comprising contacting a lignin or a lignosulphonate with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde or glyoxal under conditions sufficient to produce the lignomethylol or the lignosulphonate methylol.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising epoxidizing the lignomethylol or the lignosulphonate methylol under basic pH conditions to produce a lignomethylol epoxy or a lignosulphonate methylol epoxy.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the lignomethylol or the lignosulphonate methylol with ammonia or an amino compound to produce aminolignin derivatives.6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the amino compound is a monoethanolamine claim 4 , a monoalkylamine claim 4 , dialkylamine claim 4 , trialkyl amine claim 4 , ethylene diamine claim 4 , diethylenetriamine claim 4 , tetraethylene pentamine claim 4 , monoethanol amine claim 4 , diethanolamine claim 4 , triethanolamine claim 4 , isophorone diamine claim 4 , hydroxylamine claim 4 , or hydrazine.7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising drying the water soluble aminolignin.8. The method of claim 4 , further comprising contacting the amino lignin with anethanolamine claim 4 , a hydroxycarboxylic acid salt claim 4 , a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid claim 4 , an isocyanate terminated polyalkylene oxide claim 4 , an epichlorohydrine claim 4 , a hydroxycarboxylic acid salt claim 4 , or a polyhydroxylic acid salt to produce a surfactant.9. The method of claim 4 , further comprising contacting the aminolignin with epichlorohydrine at a temperature of about 0-10° C. to produce a ligno aminoepoxy resin.11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising contacting the ligno amino resin with phosgene claim 9 , carbon monoxide claim 9 , or carbon dioxide to ...

COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS AND ORGANIC SOLVENT

The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to compositions comprising lignocellulosic biomass and an organic solvent wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 35% or greater of lignin material. The present disclosure relates, at least in part, to compositions comprising lignocellulosic biomass and an organic solvent wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 50% or less of carbohydrate. In certain embodiments the present compositions may have a viscosity of 5000 cps or less. 1. A composition comprising a lignocellulosic biomass and an organic solvent wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 35% or greater of lignin material.2. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises 50% or less of carbohydrate.3. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises about 5% or greater of recalcitrant cellulose4. (canceled)5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity of 5000 cps or less.6. (canceled)7. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity of 1500 cps or less.8. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of solvent to lignocellulosic biomass is from about 10:1 to about 3:1.9. (canceled)10. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the pH of the composition is from about 1 to about 3.11. (canceled)12. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises from about 1.5% to about 2.5% (based on dry weight of the lignocellulosic biomass) of an acid.13. (canceled)14. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises softwood feedstock.15. (canceled)16. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is selected from ethanol claim 1 , methanol claim 1 , propanol claim 1 , or a combination thereof.17. (canceled)18. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent a ethanol/water mixture and comprises about 40% ...

Lignin-based nanostructures

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide lignin-based nanostructures including nanotubes and nanowires, methods of making and using the nanostructures, probes and compositions including the nanostructures, and the like.

PRODUCT OF CROSSLINKED MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME

A method for producing a nanofiber-based product includes providing a carrier material solution having a carrier material, and bringing the carrier material in contact with a collector by electrospinning. The carrier material essentially consists of a polymer being—at least after having contacted the collector—embedded in a polymer, which polymer is formed by a crosslinker of the general formula (I) 3. The Method according to claim 1 , wherein at least two hydroxy groups or at least two sulfhydryl groups or at least one hydroxy group and one sulfhydryl group of the compound according to general formula (I) are bound to the benzene rings of this compound.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker is nordihydroguaiaretic acid.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker is used in an amount of 2 to 20 percent by mass with respect to the dry mass of the polymer of the carrier material.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier material is crosslinked before it reaches the collector.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier material comprises one or more of collagen claim 1 , a mixture of collagen and hydroxy apatite claim 1 , gelatin claim 1 , alginates claim 1 , chitosan claim 1 , silk claim 1 , cellulose claim 1 , polyurethane claim 1 , a polyester claim 1 , polycaprolactone claim 1 , polylactide claim 1 , polypyrrole claim 1 , polyaniline claim 1 , polyacetylene claim 1 , polythiophene claim 1 , a copolymer of the preceding polymers claim 1 , a copolymer bearing carboxylic acid groups and/or amine groups claim 1 , oligopeptides and polypeptides.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the electrospinning is done at a voltage of 8 to 20 kV between the collector and the spinning device.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer is solved or dispersed in at least one liquid chosen from the group of water claim 1 , alcohols like methanol or ethanol claim 1 , aqueous solutions of acids or ...

HIGH DENSITY MEMBRANE PROTEIN MEMBRANES

Embodiments of the invention provide methods for preparing high density membrane protein membranes by slow, controlled removal of detergent from mixtures of detergent, block copolymers and membrane protein mixtures. Membranes created by this method are also provided. The structure of these membranes may be varied by varying the amount of membrane protein. 1. A method for preparing a block copolymer/protein membrane , comprising:preparing a mixture comprising at least one block copolymer, at least one detergent, and at least one protein, wherein said block copolymer is solubilized in the detergent;removing the detergent at a slow, controlled rate from said mixture until the concentration of detergent is below the mixture's critical micelle concentration;optionally removing additional detergent, either in the same or a different way that detergent was removed at a slow, controlled rate from the mixture; andforming a membrane comprising the block copolymer and the membrane protein at high density representing a molar polymer to protein ratio of 0.2-20.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixture has a polymer to protein molar ratio of between 0.2 and 100.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the detergent concentration is at least 5% wt/volume.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polymer to protein molar ratio is between 0.2 and 40.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said the block copolymer is an amphiphilic diblock or triblock block copolymer comprising one or more hydrophobic blocks selected from the group consisting of polybutadiene (PB) claim 1 , polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) claim 1 , polypropylene (PP) claim 1 , polypropylene oxide (PPO) claim 1 , polyethylethylene (PEE) claim 1 , polyisobutylene (PIB) claim 1 , polyisoprene (PI) claim 1 , polycaprolactone (PCL) claim 1 , polystyrene (PS) claim 1 , fluorinated polymers claim 1 , and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA); and one or more hydrophilic blocks selected from the group consisting of polymethyloxazoline (PMOXA) ...

Method for producing cellulose-containing mass for producing composite material

The invention relates to a method for producing a cellulose-containing mass for forming a cellulose-containing composite material comprising following steps: (a) providing an input material comprising at least one cellulose-containing raw material and a liquid content; (b) macerating the cellulose-containing raw material in the input material; and (c) homogenizing the input material to obtain the cellulose-containing mass for forming cellulose-containing composite material by using an apparatus selected from a homogenizer, a refiner and a wet-milling apparatus. According to a further embodiment of the present invention cellulose of different types is added to the input. Moreover a method for producing a composite material that is based on said cellulose-containing mass is disclosed as well as a product produced of said composite material.

LIGNIN EXTRACTION FROM LIGNOCELLULOSICS

The present invention is directed to a method to extract lignin from lignocellulosic biomass using lactic acid. 1. A method of extracting lignin from lignocellulosic biomass , the method comprising:comminuting the lignocellulosic biomass to form a comminuted biomass;adding lactic acid to the comminuted biomass to form a prepared biomass; andextracting lignin from the prepared biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a pH of the lactic acid is between about 1.4 and about 9.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extraction occurs at a temperature between about 0° C. to about 500° C.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extraction occurs at a temperature of about 25° C.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extraction occurs at a pressure between about 1 atm and about 200 atms.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the extraction occurs at a pressure of about 1 atm.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is comminuted in the presence of water at a specified ratio of water to biomass ranging from about 0.1 to 1.0 up to 10.0 to 1.0.8. The method of wherein the specified ratio of water to biomass exceeds 1 to 1.9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the specified ratio of water to biomass is between about 2 to 1 up to about 6 to 1.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the lactic acid to the comminuted biomass is between about 1 to about 3.4:about 1.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is selected from the group consisting of corn stover claim 1 , sugarcane claim 1 , straw claim 1 , saw mill claim 1 , paper mill claim 1 , wood claim 1 , switch grass and elephant grass and combinations thereof12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass is corn stover.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the comminuting is selected from the group consisting of cutting claim 1 , chopping claim 1 , grinding claim 1 , crushing claim 1 , milling claim 1 , micronizing claim 1 , triturating and combinations thereof.14. A method of ...

Silk Protein Composite Coating Solution and its Preparation Method and Application

Silk protein composite coating solution and its preparation method and application. In weight percent, silk protein complex coating liquid is constituted by the following substances: 2 to 10% of the crosslinking agent, 0.5 to 2% acetic acid, 10 to 20% of the silk protein, the remainder being water. The method for preparation of silk protein composite coating solution has these steps: (1) preparation of the silk protein; (2) silk protein composite coating solution was prepared. Silk protein of the present invention has a natural emollient, antibacterial, and anti-allergic effects, and can be used on daily sanitary supplies for women, infants, and elderlies.

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PRODUCTS FROM ACETYLATED WOOD FIBRE

A process for forming wood fibre comprising breaking down acetylated wood to produce acetylated wood fibre having a moisture content from about 5% w/w to about 8.5% w/w after it is comminuted to form wood fibre. The process includes a first moisture-introducing step for increasing the moisture content of the acetylated wood elements; and a second moisture-introducing step, separate to the first, for increasing the moisture content of the acetylated wood dements. 1. A process for forming wood fibre comprising:breaking down acetylated wood to produce acetylated wood fibre having a moisture content from about 5% w/w to about 8.5% w/w after it is comminuted to form a wood fibre.2. The process according to wherein the wood fibre is formed from breaking down pieces of wood.3. The process of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content of about 5% w/w to about 8% w/w after it is comminuted to form wood fibre.4. The process of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5.5% to about 7.5% w/w.5. The process of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content of about 6.5% to about 6.8% w/w after it is comminuted to form the wood fibre.6. The process of wherein the moisture content of the acetylated wood is adjusted by adding moisture in more than one processing step.7. The process of further comprising:a first moisture-introducing step for increasing the moisture content of the acetylated wood elements; anda second moisture-introducing step, separate to the first, for increasing the moisture content of the acetylated wood elements.8. The process of wherein the process further comprises:introducing moisture is introduced in the form of water and in the form of steam during the process.9. The process of wherein the process further comprises:a first moisture-introducing step that comprises introducing water, andintroducing steam in order to heat the acetylated wood.10. The process of wherein the process further comprises:introducing steam at a temperature in the ...

ACETYLATED WOOD FIBRE

An acetylated wood fibre suitable for the fabrication of wood products wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5% to about 8.5% w/w. 1. An acetylated wood fibre suitable for the fabrication of wood products wherein the acetylated wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5% to about 8.5% w/w.2. The acetylated wood fibre of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5% to about 8% w/w.3. The acetylated wood fibre of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5.5% to about 7.5% w/w.4. The acetylated wood fibre of wherein the wood fibre has a moisture content of about 6.5% to about 6.8% w/w.59-. (canceled)10. A wood product formed from an acetylated wood fibre suitable for the fabrication of wood products wherein the acetylated wood fibre has a moisture content from about 5% to about 8.5% w/w.11. A wood product according to wherein the wood product is a fibreboard.12. A wood product according to wherein the fibreboard is MDF.13. A wood product according to wherein the wood product is formed by the acetylated wood fibre and MDI resin. This invention relates to the field of wood processing. More specifically, it relates to acetylated wood fibre and a method of processing acetylated wood materials for use in manufacturing of products from the acetylated wood material including wood board manufacture such as wood fibreboard manufacturing.Boards constructed from wood such as wood fibreboards, for example medium density fibreboard (MDF) comprising wood fibres bound together with binder resin are superior in strength and are easily processed due to their homogeneity. Such wooden products including fibreboards can be used to obtain a variety of formed shapes. The shapes can be planar or flat in profile. Curved shapes are also easily formed. They are widely used as materials for furniture and for a variety of construction purposes.In resin fibreboards such as MDI (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) resin type fibreboards such as MDF ...

Novel compositions and methods for depolymerizing lignin using a chelator-mediated Fenton reaction

The present invention provides for a method to depolymerize a lignin comprising: (a) mixing a lignin, a chelator, and FeClto produce a first solution, (b) optionally incubating the solution for a first suitable period of time, (c) introducing an oxidizing agent to the first solution to produce a second solution, and (d) optionally incubating the solution for a second suitable period of time; such that at least one aromatic ring of one lignin polymer is opened. 1. A method to depolymerize a lignin , the method comprising: (a) mixing a lignin , a chelator , and FeClto produce a first solution , (b) optionally incubating the solution for a first suitable period of time , (c) introducing an oxidizing agent to the first solution to produce a second solution , and (d) optionally incubating the solution for a second suitable period of time; such that at least one aromatic ring of one lignin polymer is opened.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic ring opened forms a polyacid as a result of the aromatic ring being opened.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the polyacid comprises two carboxylic functional groups.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in a mixture of lignin polymers comprising more than one polymer wherein each polymer has at least one aromatic ring opened claim 1 , wherein optionally each polymer has the opened aromatic ring on a different part of each polymer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignin polymer with at least one aromatic ring opened is water-soluble.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method results in at least about 1 mg of water-insoluble lignin is converted into a water-soluble lignin from every 100 mg of water-insoluble lignin.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent is HOor molecular oxygen (O) claim 1 , or both.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the (c) introducing an oxidizing agent to the first solution step comprises bubbling a gas composition comprising Ointo the first solution.9. The ...

A composition in the form of a lignin polyol, a method for the production thereof and use thereof

The present invention relates to a composition comprising a lignin polyol, a method for the manufacturing of said composition and use thereof in different application areas, such as in adhesives, binders, castings, foams (such as in rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams for thermal insulation and construction applications, semi-rigid, flexible, moulded, laminated, microcellular and viscoelastic polyurethane foams), fillers, glues, sealants, elastomers and rubbers. The present invention also relates to a method for the manufacturing of a foam and use of this foam.

METHOD FOR TREATING LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS

The invention relates to a process for treating a lignocellulosic biomass, with: 2. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the continuous filter functions counter-currentwise between the circulation of the solid/liquid mixture to be separated and the extraction/washing fluid.3. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the separation of the solid/liquid mixture is performed during step b on a first portion of the pretreated substrate obtained on conclusion of step a claim 1 , in that a second portion of said pretreated substrate is subjected to at least one subsequent treatment step claim 1 , notably hydrolysis claim 1 , and in that the solid phase enriched in solid obtained in step b is also subjected to at least one subsequent treatment step claim 1 , notably the same as those to which the second portion of the pretreated substrate is subjected.4. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises a step e of enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated substrate ofrived from the pre-treatment step a to obtain a hydrolysate claim 1 , in that the solid/liquid separation b is performed on at least a portion of said hydrolysate.5. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the solid/liquid separation b is performed on at least a portion claim 1 , notably all claim 1 , of the pretreated substrate obtained on conclusion of the pretreatment step a to obtain a solid phase enriched in solid claim 1 , and in that it comprises a step e of enzymatic hydrolysis of said solid phase enriched in solid to obtain a hydrolysate.6. Process according to claim 1 , characterized in that the liquid phases enriched in liquid ofrived from the separation step b are sugary liquors claim 1 , and in that said process also comprises a step c of producing enzymes and/or a step d of producing yeasts claim 1 , and in that at least one of said sugary liquors is used for said production of enzymes c or of yeasts d.8. Process according to claim 1 , ...

PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITION

The present invention is directed to plant fiber-reinforced thermoplastic compositions and a method for reinforcing thermoplastic resins. The present invention provides a use for the cellulose portion of a plant material, which is the portion left over after processing the selected plant materials to separate the hemi-cellulose and lignin from the cellulose. 1. A reinforced thermoplastic resin composition comprising:a) a thermoplastic material; andb) from about 1 to about 60 weight percent cellulose fibers based on the weight of the composition, the cellulose fibers obtained by the separation of the cellulose fiber fraction from hemi-cellulose and lignin fractions of flax in a decortication process that does not include hammering or bending/flexing the flax.2. The composition of wherein the cellulose fibers and the thermoplastic are molecularly bonded to one another.3. The composition of wherein the thermoplastic is a polyolefin or polyamide or an engineering plastic.4. The composition of wherein the thermoplastic material is polypropylene or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.5. The composition of wherein the thermoplastic material and cellulose fibers are homogeneously dispersed throughout the composition. This application is a divisional Non-Provisional patent application which claims priority to U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 14/697,079, filed Apr. 27, 2015, entitled “PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC RESIN COMPOSITION,” which is a continuation application of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 13/648,738, filed on Oct. 10, 2012, entitled “PLANT FIBER-REINFORCED THERMOPLASTIC RESIN COMPOSITION,” which are all expressly incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.The present invention relates to a thermoplastic composite resin composition which includes plant fibers and a method for reinforcing thermoplastic resin compositions. More particularly, the cellulose component of plat material remaining after the removal of the hemi ...

Anticorrosion material produced from date palm tree waste

Anti-corrosion material is produced from date palm tree waste by extracting lignin and modifying by sulfonation. The anti-corrosion material produced from date palm tree waste is non-toxic and effective at preventing or reducing corrosion of, for example, metals subject to corrosive environments, and particularly marine environments.

HETERO-TRANSGLYCOSYLASE AND USES THEREOF

The present invention relates to a hetero-transglycosylase protein having cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (CXE) activity in addition to mixed-linkage beta-glucan:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (MXE) activity. The protein may comprise the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6 and 8 or a functional fragment thereof; or an amino acid sequence having at least 60% sequence identity to any one of SEQ ID NO: 2, 6 and 8, or to SEQ ID NO: 2 from amino acid 22 to 280, to SEQ ID NO: 6 from amino acid 26 to 283, or to SEQ ID NO: 8 from amino acid 29 to 287. The invention furthermore relates to an isolated nucleic acid encoding the protein described herein, a chimeric gene comprising, inter alia, the nucleic acid described herein, a vector comprising said chimeric gene, a host cell comprising said vector or said chimeric gene and an according transgenic plant. Further disclosed herein in are a method of producing a transgenic plant and a method of improving properties of cellulosic material. 1. A protein having cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activity.2Equisetum.. The protein of which is derived from3. The protein of or comprising(a) the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6 and 8 or a functional fragment thereof; or(b) an amino acid sequence having at least 60% sequence identity to the sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2, 6 and 8, or(c) an amino acid sequence having at least 60% sequence identity to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 from amino acid 22 to 280, or to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 6 from amino acid 26 to 283, or to the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8 from amino acid 29 to 287.4. The protein of any one of to claim 1 , wherein said cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase activity is one of the predominant activities of the protein.5. An isolated nucleic acid selected from the group consisting of:{'claim-ref': [{'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claims 1'}, {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', '4'}], '(a) a nucleic acid sequence encoding the protein of ...

Enhancement of Lignocellulose Saccharification Via A Low Temperature Ionic Liquid Pre-Treatment Scheme

A method for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass having a lignin component, a hemicellulose component, and a cellulose component, for conversion to sugar is disclosed. Also disclosed is the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass resulting from the method. 1. A method of pretreating lignocellulosic biomass having a lignin component , a hemicellulose component , and a cellulose component , for conversion to sugar , the method comprising:contacting the biomass with an oxidizing agent at a first temperature for a first period of time sufficient to at least partially remove or decompose the lignin component, thereby producing LOX biomass;contacting the LOX biomass with an ionic liquid (IL) at a second temperature for a second period of time, thereby producing a first mixture comprising IL and LOX biomass;contacting the first mixture with a solvent, thereby producing a second mixture comprising LOXIL-treated biomass and solvent, wherein the IL is substantially soluble in the solvent and at least one of the cellulose component or the hemicellulose component is substantially insoluble in the solvent; andseparating the LOXIL-treated biomass from the solvent to produce pretreated lignocellulosic biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lignocellulosic biomass comprises poplar claim 1 , corn stover claim 1 , switchgrass claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the separating comprises mixing the second mixture so as to precipitate the LOXIL-treated biomass from the IL.4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising washing the precipitated LOXIL-treated biomass with the solvent so as to displace the IL.5. The method of claim 3 , further comprising removing liquid from the precipitated LOXIL-treated biomass through filtration.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of contacting the second mixture with an acid catalyst to hydrolyze at least one of the hemicellulose component or the cellulose component.7. The method of claim 1 , ...

MEDICAL DEVICE FOR BREAST SURGERY

A device is initially rolled up can unfold into its original spherical dome shape after insertion through a surgical incision. 1. A medical device for breast surgery said medical device originally constituted by a quadratic matrix of hemispherical or paraboloid or ellipsoid or hyperboloid shape , said quadratic matrix having a three-dimensional development , said matrix being rolled to obtain a solid of revolution said solid of revolution having a central section greater than the distal sections and said solid of revolution being tapered at the extremities.2. Medical device according to wherein it is equipped with a restraint device.3. Medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the quadratic matrix is made of collagen membrane having shape memory.4. Medical device according to claim 1 , wherein the restraint device is in biomaterial.5. Medical device according to claim 1 , wherein once inserted in a surgical wound the solid of revolution returns at the original hemispherical or paraboloid or ellipsoid or hyperboloid shape.6. Medical device according to claim 2 , wherein the quadratic matrix is made of collagen membrane having shape memory.7. Medical device according to claim 2 , wherein the restraint device is in biomaterial.8. Medical device according to claim 3 , wherein the restraint device is in biomaterial.9. Medical device according to claim 6 , wherein the restraint device is in biomaterial.10. Medical device according to claim 2 , wherein once inserted in a surgical wound the solid of revolution returns at the original hemispherical or paraboloid or ellipsoid or hyperboloid shape.11. Medical device according to claim 3 , wherein once inserted in a surgical wound the solid of revolution returns at the original hemispherical or paraboloid or ellipsoid or hyperboloid shape.12. Medical device according to claim 4 , wherein once inserted in a surgical wound the solid of revolution returns at the original hemispherical or paraboloid or ellipsoid or hyperboloid ...

Processing biomass

Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy materials, to produce a product or intermediate, e.g., energy, a food, a fuel, or a material.

LIGNIN-BASED POLYOLS

The present invention relates to a process to manufacture lignin-based polyols (LBP) by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of oxiranes in the presence of lignin and in an organic solvent or mixture thereof using acidic catalysts. The LBP are suitable to manufacture polyurethanes, polycarbonates and polyesters. 1. A process to manufacture lignin-based polyols , which comprises:a) Dissolving lignin and an acidic catalyst in an organic solvent or a mixture thereof;b) Adjusting the temperature of the solution obtained in step a) at a value from −15° C. to 60° C. under stirring;c) Adding continuously an oxirane or a solution of an oxirane in an organic solvent or a mixture thereof, on the solution obtained in step b) at a flow rate from 0.01 to 1.0 L-oxirane/h/kg-lignin,d) Keeping the reaction mixture obtained in step c) after addition completion for an appropriate time;e) Neutralizing the catalyst by adding an appropriate amount of a base on the reaction mixture obtained in step d); andf) Isolating the lignin-based polyols from the mixture obtained in step e).2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxirane is selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide claim 1 , propylene oxide claim 1 , butylene oxide claim 1 , epichlorohydrin claim 1 , epibromohydrin and glycidol.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic catalyst comprises boron trifluoride.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic catalyst level is from 0.03 to 0.2 mol per mol OH in lignin.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran/dichloromethane claim 1 , tetrahydrofuran/trichloromethane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane/acetonitrile claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane/dichloromethane claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane/trichloromethane claim 1 , tetrahydropyran claim 1 , tetrahydropyran/acetonitrile claim 1 , ...

DE-ESTERIFICATION OF BIOMASS PRIOR TO AMMONIA PRETREATMENT AND SYSTEMS AND PRODUCTS RELATED THERETO

A method is provided for pretreating cellulosic or lignocellulosic biomass comprising de-esterifying the biomass with an alkali treatment to produce de-esterified biomass; and pretreating the de-esterified biomass with ammonia to produce de-esterified ammonia pretreated biomass. In various embodiments, the de-esterified ammonia pretreated biomass has an amide concentration ranging from about 0.04 to about 25 mg/g biomass. In other embodiments, the amide concentration is no more than 0.04 mg/g biomass. Various ammonia pretreatment processes may be used, including liquid or gaseous ammonia pretreatments, including, but not limited to, liquid ammonium hydroxide pretreatments, various AFEX pretreatments, with or without biomass densification, and various cellulosic conversion pretreatments including “COBRA” pretreatments. Products (e.g., animal feed) and systems are also disclosed. 1. A method of pretreating biomass comprising:de-esterifying the biomass with an alkali to produce de-esterified biomass; andpretreating the de-esterified biomass with ammonia to produce de-esterified ammonia pretreated biomass.2. The method of wherein an amide concentration in the de-esterified ammonia pretreated biomass contains ranges from about 0.04 mg/g biomass to about 25 mg/g biomass.3. The method of wherein the amide concentration is substantially zero.4. The method of wherein the de-esterified biomass is neutralized with concentrated hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid prior to the pretreating step.5. The method of wherein the alkali is Ca(OH)(lime) claim 1 , KOH claim 1 , NaOH claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The method of wherein the biomass is densified biomass.7. The method of wherein the densified biomass is re-densified following the pretreating step to produce animal feed.8. The method of wherein the biomass is densified after the de-esterifying step to produce densified de-esterified biomass.9. The method of wherein the densified de-esterified biomass is re- ...

Energy recovery when processing materials with reactive fluids

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for recovering and reusing energy when processing materials with reactive fluids. More particularly, disclosed are methods and apparatuses for recovering and reusing energy from processes in which materials comprising polymers and/or oligomers are treated with a reactive fluid.

Production of Crystalline Cellulose

A method of producing crystalline cellulose from a cellulosic material includes the step of reacting the cellulosic material in an aqueous slurry comprising a transition metal catalyst and a hypohalite solution. 1. A method of producing crystalline cellulose from a cellulosic material , comprising the steps of:(a) reacting the cellulosic material in an aqueous slurry comprising a transition metal catalyst and a hypohalite solution having a concentration of 0.05M or greater, and an initial pH greater than 5.5 and a final pH less than 9.5, and(b) recovering a crystalline cellulose fraction.2. The method of wherein the hypohalite comprises hypochlorite claim 1 , hypoiodite claim 1 , or hypobromite.3. The method of wherein the initial pH of the slurry is between 9.0 to 12.0.4. The method of wherein the final pH of the slurry is below 8.0.5. The method of wherein the final pH of the slurry is below about 7.0.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the slurry has an initial oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of greater than about 500 mV.7. The method of wherein the slurry has a final ORP of less than about 0.0 mV.8. The method of wherein the slurry further comprises a buffer.9. The method of wherein the buffer comprises a phosphate and a polyvalent organic acid.10. The method of wherein the ratio of hypohalite to cellulosic material in the slurry is between about 1 mol/kg to about 10 mol/kg (dry weight basis).11. The reaction of wherein the slurry is heated to between about 50° C. and about 85° C.12. The method of wherein the reaction of step (a) is repeated by adding additional hypohalite doses to produce a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose nanocrystals.13. The method of wherein the additional hypohalite is added after a significant drop of oxidation-reduction potential.14. The method of wherein the total amount of hypohalite added is between about 1 mol/kg of cellulosic material to about 20 mol/kg (dry weight).15. The method of comprising the further steps ...

PROCESS FOR TREATING BLACK LIQUOR

The present invention relates to a method of membrane-filtrating a lignin containing composition in order to obtain a lignin fraction more suitable for further treatments. In particular it relates to treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution by a membrane filtration. It comprises subjecting the liquid lignin composition to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to remove species having a first molecular weight thereby providing a permeate with a molecular weight distribution defined by said cut-off. Then, the permeate from the first membrane filtration is; subjected to at least one further filtration step with a second filter cut-off, different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) with a molecular weight distribution defined by both the cut-off in the first filter the cut-off in said second filter. A dilution is performed on a desired lignin containing fraction at some point downstream of the first filtration unit. A lignin containing retentate (concentrate) is collected from the further ultrafiltration for further processing. 1. A method for treating a liquid lignin composition to obtain a lignin fraction having a desired molecular weight distribution , comprising the steps of:subjecting a liquid lignin containing composition, e.g. black liquor, to a first membrane filtration with a first filter cut-off adapted to separate species in said liquid lignin containing composition in fractions thereby providing a permeate and a retentate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by said cut-off;subjecting either the retentate or the permeate from the first membrane filtration to at least one further membrane filtration step with a second filter cut-off different from said first filter cut-off to provide a retentate (concentrate) and a permeate having respective molecular weight distributions defined by both the cut-off in the first ...

METHOD FOR EFFICIENT EXTRACTION OF LIGNIN

A method of extracting lignin from an aqueous composition by either treating the composition with a solvent and heat, or by acidifying the composition in order to induce phase separation. 113.-. (canceled)14. A method of transferring lignin into an organic solvent comprising:a. Providing an aqueous composition of lignin in a container;{'b': '3', 'b. Lowering the pH of the aqueous composition to a pH of or less and mixing the composition;'}c. Adding an organic solvent at least partly not soluble in water to the container forming a first mixture of lignin and organic solvent and mixing the first mixture;d. Letting the first mixture phase separate into an organic solvent phase and an aqueous phase; ande. Isolating the organic solvent phase from the first mixture.15. The method according to wherein the solvent is a cyclic ether.16. The method according to wherein the pH is lowered using hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid.17. The method according to wherein the solvent is a mixture of methyl acetate and THF (tetrahydrofuran) or substituted THF claim 14 , or a mixture of ethyl acetate and THF or substituted THF claim 14 , or a mixture of MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone) and THF or substituted THF.18. The method according to wherein the lignin in the organic solvent phase is treated by reduction using a catalyst based on nickel or a palladium based catalyst.19. The method according to wherein the lignin in the organic solvent phase is treated by functionalization through esterification.20. The method according to wherein the esterification comprises adding an esterification reagent or claim 19 , a fatty acid and an esterification reagent claim 19 , and a catalyst to the organic solvent phase and heating the organic solvent phase.21. The method according to wherein the esterification reagent is carboxylic acid or an anhydride.22. The method according to wherein the esterification is done using C6-C18 fatty acids.23. The method according to wherein the treatment is performed ...

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIGNIN-ACRYLONITRILE POLYMER BLEND MATERIALS

A polymer blend material comprising: (i) a lignin component having a weight-average molecular weight of up to 1,000,000 g/mol; and (ii) an acrylonitrile-containing copolymer rubber component comprising acrylonitrile units in combination with diene monomer units, and having an acrylonitrile content of at least 20 mol %; wherein said lignin component is present in an amount of at least 5 wt % and up to about 95 wt % by total weight of components (i) and (ii); and said polymer blend material possesses a tensile yield stress of at least 5 MPa, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 10% elongation, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 100% elongation. Methods for producing the polymer blend, molded forms thereof, and articles thereof, are also described. 1. A polymer blend material comprising:(i) a lignin component having a weight-average molecular weight of up to 1,000,000 g/mol; and(ii) an acrylonitrile-containing copolymer rubber component comprising acrylonitrile units in combination with diene monomer units, and having an acrylonitrile content of at least 20 mol %;wherein said lignin component is present in an amount of at least 5 wt % and up to about 95 wt % by total weight of components (i) and (ii); andsaid polymer blend material possesses either a tensile yield stress of at least 5 MPa, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 10% elongation, or a tensile stress of at least 5 MPa at 100% elongation.2. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said acrylonitrile content is at least 30 mol %.3. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said acrylonitrile content is at least 35 mol %.4. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said acrylonitrile content is at least 40 mol %.5. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said lignin is a softwood lignin claim 1 , a hardwood lignin claim 1 , or a grass-derived lignin.6. The polymer blend material of claim 1 , wherein said lignin has a weight-average molecular weight of up to 10 claim 1 , ...

COLLAGEN SCAFFOLD FOR CELL GROWTH AND A METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

A bioscaffold and method of manufacture is described. The bioscaffold has greater than 80% type I collagen fibers or bundles having a knitted structure providing tensile load strength. A method of manufacture incorporates the steps of: (a) isolating collagen fibers or bundles; (b) incubating the fibers or bundles in a mixture of NaOH, alcohol, acetone, HCl and ascorbic acide; and (c) mechanical manipulation of the fibers or bundles to produce knitted structure. 1. A bioscaffold comprising greater than 80% type I collagen fibers or bundles having a knitted structure and a maximum tensile load strength of greater than 20N. This instant application is a continuation of, and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/055,234 filed Apr. 20, 2011, which is a national stage application of International Application No. PCT/AU2009/000946, filed Jul. 24, 2009, which claims the benefit of Australian Application No. 2008903789, filed Jul. 24, 2008, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present invention relates to bioscaffolds and methods of manufacturing bioscaffolds. In particular the invention relates to a bioscaffold comprising greater than 80% type I collagen fibers or bundles having a knitted structure providing mechanical strength and elasticity.Bioscaffolds are structures that replace an organ or tissue temporarily or permanently to aid the restoration of normal function. The bioscaffold provides a substrate on which cells proliferate and differentiate, eventually replacing the bioscaffold and restoring normal organ or tissue function.There are a number of properties that are desirable in a bioscaffold, these are: a) interconnecting pores that favour tissue integration and vascularisation; b) appropriately biodegrade and bioresorb such that de novo tissue ultimately replaces the scaffold; c) surface chemistry that promotes cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation; d) adequate mechanical properties; e) ...

Systems and methods for dewatering a slurry that includes lignocellulosic biomass and liquid

The present disclosure relates to a dewatering systems, and related methods, that are adapted to convey lignocellulosic biomass to separate at least a portion of the water from a lignocellulosic biomass slurry and accumulate the dewatered lignocellulosic biomass. The dewatering system also includes a headspace occupied by a gas that is at a pressure that facilitates transferring the accumulated biomas into a pretreatment reactor having a pressurized headspace. Such a dewatering system can prevent undue mixing and backflow of gas (e.g., steam) from the pretreatment reactor.

Methods of recovering lignin and other products from biomass

Methods of recovering lignin products and other products from biomass. The method comprises adding a chemical agent to a stored biomass comprising lignin to form a chemically-treated biomass. The chemical agent comprises an acid, a base, an inorganic salt, or a combination of the inorganic salt and one of the acid or the base. The chemically-treated biomass is stored under anaerobic conditions. Lignin products, such as high molecular weight lignin, medium molecular weight lignin, or low molecular weight lignin, are recovered from the chemically-treated biomass. Additional methods of recovering lignin products and other products from biomass are disclosed.

Milling Process

The present invention provides process for treating crop kernels, comprising the steps of a) soaking kernels in water to produce soaked kernels; b) grinding the soaked kernels; c) treating the soaked kernels in the presence of an effective amount of GH62 polypeptide having arabinofuranosidase activity or a GH43 polypeptide having arabinofuranosidase activity, wherein step c) is performed before, during or after step b). 116-. (canceled)17. A process for treating crop kernels , comprising:a) soaking kernels in water to produce soaked kernels;b) grinding the soaked kernels to form ground kernels;c) separating the germ from the ground kernels to produce a slurry comprising fiber, starch and protein; andd) treating the slurry in a fiber washing step to separate fiber from the starch and protein in the presence of an effective amount of a GH43 polypeptide having arabinofuranosidase activity.18. The process of claim 17 , wherein step d) further comprises treating the slurry in the presence of a protease.19. The process of claim 17 , wherein step d) further comprises treating the slurry in the presence of a cellulolytic enzyme.20. The process of claim 17 , wherein step d) further comprises treating the slurry in the presence of an enzyme selected from the group consisting of an endoglucanase claim 17 , a xylanase claim 17 , a cellobiohydrolase I claim 17 , a cellobiohydrolase II claim 17 , a GH61 claim 17 , or a combination thereof.21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the enzyme is an endoglucanase.22. The process of claim 20 , wherein the enzyme is a xylanase.23. The process of claim 17 , wherein the kernels are soaked in water for about 2-10 hours.24. The process of claim 17 , wherein the soaking is carried out at a temperature between about 40° C. and about 60° C.25. The process of claim 17 , wherein the soaking is carried out at an acidic pH.26. The process of claim 17 , wherein the soaking is performed in the presence of between 0.01-1% SOand/or NaHSO.27. The process ...

FERTILIZER COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS

A composition of matter comprising a granular form contacted with a first component comprising an agriculturally acceptable complex mixture of organic material characterized by natural organic matter that is partially humified, where the first component is dispersed on at least a portion of the granular form, or mixed or admixed with the granular form. A method of improving plant health comprises the step of contacting a locus of a sown seed or plant with a granular form, a first component comprising an agriculturally acceptable mixture of partially humified natural organic matter, where, in the contacting step, the first component is initially or subsequently dispersed on at least a portion of granular form, or mixed or admixed with the granular form. 2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein the first component comprises a mixture of condensed hydrocarbons claim 1 , lignins claim 1 , and tannins and/or condensed tannins claim 1 , wherein at least 20% of the total % of compounds of the composition are tannins and/or condensed tannins.5. The composition of matter of claim 1 , further comprising a second component claim 1 , the second component is at least one agriculturally acceptable pesticide claim 1 , micronutrient claim 1 , macronutrient claim 1 , growth regulator claim 1 , and mixtures thereof claim 1 , wherein the pesticide is at least one herbicide claim 1 , insecticide claim 1 , fungicide claim 1 , bactericide claim 1 , anti-viral claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. (canceled)7. The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein the granular form comprises at least one of montmorillonite claim 1 , attapulgite claim 1 , aluminosilicate claim 1 , urea claim 1 , urea formaldehyde claim 1 , methylene urea claim 1 , isobutylene urea claim 1 , sulfur-coated urea claim 1 , and polymer-coated urea.8. The composition of matter of claim 1 , wherein the granular form is montmorillonite claim 1 , attapulgite claim 1 , or aluminosilicate.9 ...